{"Index":1,"EventTxt":"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth  Ge     This beginning of time  according to our chronology  happened at the start of the evening preceding the  rd day of October in the year of the Julian calendar","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":2,"EventTxt":"On the first day   of the world  on Sunday  October  rd  God created the highest heaven and the angels  When he finished  as it were  the roof of this building  he started with the foundation of this wonderful fabric of the world  He fashioned this lower most globe  consisting of the deep and of the earth  Therefore all the choir of angels sang together and magnified his name  Job     When the earth was without form and void and darkness covered the face of the deep  God created light on the very middle of the first day  God divided this from the darkness and called the one day and the other night","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 1:1-5","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":3,"EventTxt":"On the second day    Monday  October  th  after the firmament or heaven was finished  the waters above were separated from the waters here below enclosing the earth","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 1:6-8","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":4,"EventTxt":"On the third day     Tuesday  October  th  when these waters below ran together into one place  the dry land appeared  From this collection of the waters God made a sea  sending out from here the rivers  which were to return there again  Ec     He caused the earth to bud and bring forth all kinds of herbs and plants with seeds and fruits  Most importantly  he enriched the garden of Eden with plants  for among them grew the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil  Ge","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 1:9-13","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":5,"EventTxt":"On the fourth day  Wednesday  October  th  the sun  the moon and the rest of the stars were created","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":6,"EventTxt":"On the fifth day  Thursday  October  th  fish and flying birds were created and commanded to multiply and fill the sea and the earth","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":7,"EventTxt":"On the sixth day  Friday  October  th  the living creatures of the earth were created as well as the creeping creatures  Last of all  man was created after the image of God  which consisted principally in the divine knowledge of the mind  Col      in the natural and proper sanctity of his will  Eph     When all living creatures by the divine power were brought before him Adam gave them their names  Among all of these  he found no one to help him like himself  Lest he should be destitute of a suitable companion  God took a rib out of his side while he slept and fashioned it into a woman  He gave her to him for a wife  establishing by it the law of marriage between them  He blessed them and bade them to be fruitful and multiply  God gave them dominion over all living creatures  God provided a large portion of food and sustenance for them to live on  To conclude  because sin had not yet entered into the world  God saw every thing that he had made  and  behold  it was very good  And the evening and the morning were the sixth day  Ge","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":8,"EventTxt":"Now on the seventh day   Saturday  October  th  when God had finished his work which he intended  he then rested from all labour  He blessed the seventh day and ordained and consecrated the sabbath Ge       because he rested on it Ex     and refreshed himself  Nor as yet  for ought appears  had sin entered into the world  Nor was there any punishment given by God  either upon mankind  or upon angels  Hence is was  that this day was set forth for a sign  as well as for our sanctification in this world Ex     of that eternal sabbath  to be enjoyed in the world to come  In it we expect a full deliverance from sin and its dregs and all its punishments  Heb","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":9,"EventTxt":"After the first week of the world ended  it seems that God brought the newly married couple into the garden of Eden  He charged them not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil but left them free to eat of everything else","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":10,"EventTxt":"The Devil envied God s honour and man s obedience  He tempted the woman to sin by the serpent  By this he got the name and title of the old serpent  Re         The woman was beguiled by the serpent and the man seduced by the woman  They broke the command of God concerning the forbidden fruit  Accordingly when sought for by God and convicted of this crime  each had their punishments imposed on them  This promise was also given that the seed of the woman should one day break the serpent s head  Christ  in the fulness of time should undo the works of the Devil    Jo     Ro     Adam first called her Eve because she was then ordained to be the mother  not only of all that should live this natural life  but  of those also who should live by faith in her seed  This was the promised Messiah as Sarah also later was called the mother of the faithful  IPe     Ga","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":11,"EventTxt":"After this our first parents were clothed by God with raiment of skins  They were expelled from Eden and a fiery flaming sword set to keep the way leading to the tree of life so that they should never eat of that fruit which they had not yet touched  Ge       It is very probable  that Adam was turned out of paradise the same day that he was brought into it  This seems to have been on the  th day of the world   November  st  On this day also  in remembrance of so remarkable an event the day of atonement was appointed Le      and the yearly fast  spoken of by Paul  Ac     termed more especially by the name of nhsteian  On this feast all  strangers as well as native Israelites  were commanded to afflict their souls that every soul which should not afflict itself upon that day should be destroyed from among his people  Le","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":12,"EventTxt":"After the fall of Adam  Cain was the first of all mortal men that was born of a woman  Ge","YearBCAD":-4004,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":710,"Dating":"1a AM, 710 JP, 4004 BC"}
{"Index":13,"EventTxt":"When Cain  the firstborn of all mankind  murdered Abel  God gave Eve another son called Seth  Ge     Adam had now lived   years  Ge     From whence it is gathered  that between the death of Abel and the birth of Seth  there was no other son born to Eve  For then  he should have been recorded to have been given her instead of him  Since man had been on the earth   years and Adam and Eve had other sons and daughters Ge     the number of people on the earth at the time of this murder could have been as many as      Cain might justly fear  through the conscience of his crime  that every man that met him would also slay him  Ge","YearBCAD":-3874,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":130,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":840,"Dating":"130d AM, 840 JP, 3874 BC"}
{"Index":14,"EventTxt":"When Seth was   years old  he had his son  Enos  This indicates the lamentable condition of all mankind  For even then was the worship of God wretchedly corrupted by the race of Cain  Hence it came  that men were even then so distinguished  that they who persisted in the true worship of God  were known by the name of the children of God  They who forsook him  were termed the children of men  Ge","YearBCAD":-3769,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":235,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":945,"Dating":"235d AM, 945 JP, 3769 BC"}
{"Index":15,"EventTxt":"Cainan  the son of Enos was born when his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3679,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":325,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1035,"Dating":"325d AM, 1035 JP, 3679 BC"}
{"Index":16,"EventTxt":"Mahalaleel was born when Cainan his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3609,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":395,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1105,"Dating":"395d AM, 1105 JP, 3609 BC"}
{"Index":17,"EventTxt":"Jared was born when his father Mahalaleel was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3544,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":460,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":170,"Dating":"460d AM, 1 170 JP, 3544 BC"}
{"Index":18,"EventTxt":"Enoch was born when his father Jared was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3382,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":622,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1332,"Dating":"622d AM, 1332 JP, 3382 BC"}
{"Index":19,"EventTxt":"Methuselah was born when Enoch his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3317,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":687,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1397,"Dating":"687d AM, 1397 JP, 3317 BC"}
{"Index":20,"EventTxt":"Lamech was born when his father Methuselah was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-3130,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":874,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1584,"Dating":"874d AM, 1584 JP, 3130 BC"}
{"Index":21,"EventTxt":"Adam  the first father of all mankind  died at the age of   years  Ge","YearBCAD":-3074,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":930,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1640,"Dating":"930d AM, 1640 JP, 3074 BC"}
{"Index":22,"EventTxt":"Enoch  the  th from Adam at the age of   years  was translated by God in an instant  while he was walking with him that he should not see death  Ge       Heb","YearBCAD":-3017,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":987,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1697,"Dating":"987d AM, 1697 JP, 3017 BC"}
{"Index":23,"EventTxt":"Seth  the son of Adam died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2962,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1042,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1752,"Dating":"1042d AM, 1752 JP, 2962 BC"}
{"Index":24,"EventTxt":"Noah  the  th from Adam  was born when his father Lamech was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2948,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1056,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1766,"Dating":"1056d AM, 1766 JP, 2948 BC"}
{"Index":25,"EventTxt":"Enos  the  rd from Adam  died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2864,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1140,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1850,"Dating":"1140d AM, 1850 JP, 2864 BC"}
{"Index":26,"EventTxt":"Cainan  the  th from Adam  died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2769,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1235,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":1945,"Dating":"1235d AM, 1945 JP, 2769 BC"}
{"Index":27,"EventTxt":"Mahalaleel  the  th from Adam  died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2714,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1290,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2000,"Dating":"1290d AM, 2000 JP, 2714 BC"}
{"Index":28,"EventTxt":"Jared  the  th from Adam  died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2582,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1422,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2132,"Dating":"1422d AM, 2132 JP, 2582 BC"}
{"Index":29,"EventTxt":"Before the deluge of waters upon the whole wicked world  God sent Noah  a preacher of righteousness to them  giving them   years to repent of their evil ways  IPe      Pe     Ge","YearBCAD":-2469,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1536,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2245,"Dating":"1536a AM, 2245 JP, 2469 BC"}
{"Index":30,"EventTxt":"Noah was   years old when his  st son  Japheth was born  Ge","YearBCAD":-2448,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1556,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2266,"Dating":"1556d AM, 2266 JP, 2448 BC"}
{"Index":31,"EventTxt":"Noah s  nd son  Shem  was born   years later because   years after the flood  Shem was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2446,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1558,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2268,"Dating":"1558d AM, 2268 JP, 2446 BC"}
{"Index":32,"EventTxt":"Lamech  the  th from Adam  died when he was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2353,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1651,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2361,"Dating":"1651d AM, 2361 JP, 2353 BC"}
{"Index":33,"EventTxt":"Methuselah  the  th from Adam  died when he was   years old  He lived the longest of all men yet died before his father  Ge","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":34,"EventTxt":"Now in the  th day of the second month of this year  Sunday  November  th  God commanded Noah that in that week he should prepare to enter into the Ark  Meanwhile the world  totally devoid of all fear  sat eating and drinking and marrying and giving in marriage  Ge         Mt","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":35,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the life of Noah  on the  th day of the second month   Sunday  December  th   he with his children and living creatures of all kinds had entered into the Ark  God sent a rain on the earth   days and   nights  The waters continued upon the earth   days  Ge","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":36,"EventTxt":"The waters abated until the  th day of the  th month   Wednesday  May  th  when the ark came to rest upon one of the mountains of Ararat  Ge","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":37,"EventTxt":"The waters continued receding until on the  st day of the  th month  Sunday  July  th  the tops of the mountains were seen  Ge","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":38,"EventTxt":"After   days  that is on the    th day of the    th month  Friday  August  th  Noah opened the window of the ark and sent forth a raven  Ge","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":39,"EventTxt":"days later  on the  th day of the    th month  Friday  September  th  as may be deduced from the other   days mentioned in Ge      Noah sent out a dove  She returned after   days   th day of the    th month   Friday  September    th  He sent her out again and about the evening she returned bringing the leaf of an olive tree in her bill  After waiting   days more   nd day of the  th month   Friday  September  th  he sent the same dove out again  which never returned  Ge       Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-2349,"Epoch":"1st Age","AnnoMund":1656,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2365,"Dating":"1656a AM, 2365 JP, 2349 BC"}
{"Index":40,"EventTxt":"When Noah was   years old  on the  st day of the  st month  Friday  October  rd   the  st day of the new post  flood world  the surface of the earth was now all dry  Noah took off the covering of the ark  Ge","YearBCAD":-2348,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1657,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2366,"Dating":"1657a AM, 2366 JP, 2348 BC"}
{"Index":41,"EventTxt":"On the  th of the  nd month   Thursday  December  th  the earth was entirely dry  By the command of God  Noah went forth with all that were with him in the ark  Ge","YearBCAD":-2348,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1657,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2366,"Dating":"1657a AM, 2366 JP, 2348 BC"}
{"Index":42,"EventTxt":"When he left the ark  Noah offered to God sacrifices for his blessed preservation  God restored the nature of things destroyed by the flood  He permitted men to eat flesh for their food and gave the rainbow for a sign of the covenant which he then made with man","YearBCAD":-2348,"Epoch":"2nd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 8:15-9","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":1657,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2366,"Dating":"1657a AM, 2366 JP, 2348 BC"}
{"Index":43,"EventTxt":"Man s lifespan was now half the length it was previously","YearBCAD":-2348,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1657,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2366,"Dating":"1657a AM, 2366 JP, 2348 BC"}
{"Index":44,"EventTxt":"Arphaxad  was born to Shem when he was   years old    years after the flood  Ge","YearBCAD":-2346,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1658,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2368,"Dating":"1658d AM, 2368 JP, 2346 BC"}
{"Index":45,"EventTxt":"Salah was born  when his father Arphaxad was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2311,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1693,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2403,"Dating":"1693d AM, 2403 JP, 2311 BC"}
{"Index":46,"EventTxt":"Eber was born  when Salah his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2281,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1723,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2433,"Dating":"1723d AM, 2433 JP, 2281 BC"}
{"Index":47,"EventTxt":"When Eber was   years old  Peleg his son was born  Ge         He called him Peleg for in his days the earth was divided  Ge     ICh     If this happened at the day of his birth  then it seems that when Peleg was born  Noah  who formerly knew all the places which were now covered with bushes and thorns  divided the land among his grandchildren  When this was done  they then went from those eastern parts  where they first went from the mountains of Ararat  into the valley of Shinar  Ge     Here the people impiously conspired as we find in the book of Wisdom APC Wis     to hinder this dispersion of them as commanded by God and began by Noah  as may be gathered from Ge             compared together   They went together to build the city and tower of Babylon  God frustrated this project by the confusion of languages he sent among them   Hence it took the name of Babel Ge         The dispersion of nations followed  Many companies and colonies settled down in various places according to their languages  The  sons of Joktan  the brothers of Peleg  as recorded in    were among the captains and heads of the various companies  These brothers were not yet born when Peleg was born  Eber was only   years old when Peleg was born to him  Though we should suppose that Joktan was born  when Eber was only   years of age and that Joktan s oldest son was born to him when he was likewise   years old  yet still it appears  that the oldest son of Joktan must be   years younger than Peleg  So that at least the youngest of those   sons of Joktan  namely  Jobab and   other brothers of his are mentioned before him must be younger still  These countries rich in gold  Sheba  Ps     Ophir IKi     and Havilah Ge     were named after these men  These brothers could not be capable of such an expedition of leading colonies because of their youth until some years after Reu was born to Peleg","YearBCAD":-2247,"Epoch":"2nd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 10:26-30","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":1757,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2467,"Dating":"1757d AM, 2467 JP, 2247 BC"}
{"Index":48,"EventTxt":"Man s lifespan was now a quarter of the length it was before the flood","YearBCAD":-2247,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1757,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2467,"Dating":"1757d AM, 2467 JP, 2247 BC"}
{"Index":49,"EventTxt":"years elapsed from this time to the capture of Babylon by Alexander the Great  This calculation and number of years was made according to astronomical observations by Porphyry  as we find in Simplicius  in his second book de Coelo  This he affirms to have been transmitted into Greece from Babylon by Chalisthenes at Aristotle s request  From these writings it appears that the Babylonians devoted themselves to the study of astronomy  even from the very days of Nimrod  from whom all that region took the name of the land of Nimrod  Mic     Nimrod built Babylon and was the instigator of the building of the tower of Babel according to Josephus        Antiq  c      Moses affirms that the royal seat of that kingdom was here  Ge     Nimrod made Babylon famous in those days  Jer      See note on  a","YearBCAD":-2234,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1771,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2480,"Dating":"1771a AM, 2480 JP, 2234 BC"}
{"Index":50,"EventTxt":"Reu or Ragau  was born when Peleg his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2217,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1787,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2497,"Dating":"1787d AM, 2497 JP, 2217 BC"}
{"Index":51,"EventTxt":"Constantinus Manasses states that the Egyptian state lasted   years  Counting backward from the time that Cambyses  king of Persia  conquered Egypt  leads us to this period  About this time Mizraim  the son of Ham  led his colony into Egypt  Hence Egypt was called sometimes the land of Mizraim  sometimes of Ham  Ps             From this it was that the Pharisees later boasted that they were the sons of ancient kings  APC Es      See note on  b AM","YearBCAD":-2188,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1816,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2526,"Dating":"1816d AM, 2526 JP, 2188 BC"}
{"Index":52,"EventTxt":"Serug or Saruch  was born when Ragau was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2185,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1819,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2529,"Dating":"1819d AM, 2529 JP, 2185 BC"}
{"Index":53,"EventTxt":"Nachor was born when Saruch his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2155,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1849,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2559,"Dating":"1849d AM, 2559 JP, 2155 BC"}
{"Index":54,"EventTxt":"Terah or Thara was born when Nachor his father was   years old  Ge","YearBCAD":-2126,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1878,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2588,"Dating":"1878d AM, 2588 JP, 2126 BC"}
{"Index":55,"EventTxt":"At this time Egialeus  king of the Sicyonians  in Peloponesus began his reign    years before the first olympiad   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-2089,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1915,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2625,"Dating":"1915c AM, 2625 JP, 2089 BC"}
{"Index":56,"EventTxt":"A people from Arabia bordering upon Egypt  called by the Egyptians Hyksos  meaning kingly shepherds  invaded Egypt  They took Memphis and took over all of lower Egypt that bordered upon the Mediterranean Sea  Salatis  their  st king  reigned   years  according to Josephus in his  st book cont  appiencem as from Manetho","YearBCAD":-2084,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1920,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2630,"Dating":"1920c AM, 2630 JP, 2084 BC"}
{"Index":57,"EventTxt":"Bnon  their  nd king  reigned for   years  Manetho","YearBCAD":-2065,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1939,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2649,"Dating":"1939c AM, 2649 JP, 2065 BC"}
{"Index":58,"EventTxt":"When Terah was   years old  his oldest of three sons  Haran was born  Ge       Abram was not born for another   years as we shall see later  Haran was the father in law later of the  rd brother Nachor  For this man died before his father Terah left Ur of the Chaldeans and left a daughter named Milcah  who was married to his uncle Nachor  Ge","YearBCAD":-2056,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1948,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2658,"Dating":"1948d AM, 2658 JP, 2056 BC"}
{"Index":59,"EventTxt":"At this time Apachnan reigned in Egypt for   years and   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-2021,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1983,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2693,"Dating":"1983c AM, 2693 JP, 2021 BC"}
{"Index":60,"EventTxt":"Peleg the  th from Noah  died   years after the birth of Ragau  Ge","YearBCAD":-2008,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1996,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2706,"Dating":"1996d AM, 2706 JP, 2008 BC"}
{"Index":61,"EventTxt":"Nachor the  th from Noah  died     years after the birth of his son Terah  Ge","YearBCAD":-2007,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":1997,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2707,"Dating":"1997d AM, 2707 JP, 2007 BC"}
{"Index":62,"EventTxt":"Noah  died when he had lived   years    years after the deluge  Ge","YearBCAD":-1998,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2006,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2716,"Dating":"2006d AM, 2716 JP, 1998 BC"}
{"Index":63,"EventTxt":"Abram was born  He was   years old when Terah his father died at the age of   years  Ge           Ac","YearBCAD":-1996,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2008,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2718,"Dating":"2008c AM, 2718 JP, 1996 BC"}
{"Index":64,"EventTxt":"Sarai  who is also called Iscah the daughter of Haran  Ge        was born and was   years younger than her husband Abraham  Ge","YearBCAD":-1986,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2018,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2728,"Dating":"2018c AM, 2728 JP, 1986 BC"}
{"Index":65,"EventTxt":"Apophis reigned in Egypt for   years  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1984,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2020,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2730,"Dating":"2020b AM, 2730 JP, 1984 BC"}
{"Index":66,"EventTxt":"Reu or Ragau the  th from Noah  died   years after the birth of Serug  Ge","YearBCAD":-1978,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2026,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2736,"Dating":"2026d AM, 2736 JP, 1978 BC"}
{"Index":67,"EventTxt":"Serug or Saruch  the  th from Noah  died   years after the death of Nachor  Ge","YearBCAD":-1955,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2049,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2759,"Dating":"2049d AM, 2759 JP, 1955 BC"}
{"Index":68,"EventTxt":"About this time  Chedorlaomer king of Elam  or Elimais  situated between Persia and Babylon  conquered the kings of Pentapolis  Sodom  Gomorrah  Adma  Zeboiim and Bela  or Zoar  These served him   years  Ge","YearBCAD":-1925,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2079,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2789,"Dating":"2079b AM, 2789 JP, 1925 BC"}
{"Index":69,"EventTxt":"Jannas reigned in Egypt for   years and one month  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1923,"Epoch":"2nd Age","AnnoMund":2081,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2791,"Dating":"2081b AM, 2791 JP, 1923 BC"}
{"Index":70,"EventTxt":"God called Abraham out of Ur  of the Chaldeans  to go into the land that he would show him  Ge     Jos       Ne        Ur was located in Mesopotamia according to Stephen the first martyr and Abarbenel  Ge          Ur was the city of the priests and mathematicians  who from their art  were called by the name of Chaldeans  By this name also even in Chaldea itself  those Genethliaci  or recorders of genealogies were distinguished and known from the rest of the Magi or wise men of that country  as we find in Da                These taught Terah and his sons idolatry  Jos     Terah therefore took Abram his son and Lot his nephew  the son of Haran and Sarai his daughter in law  Abram s wife  and started their journey together from Ur of the Chaldeans  to go into the land of Canaan  They came to Haran in the same country of Mesopotamia and there they stayed because of the great infirmity and sickness of Terah  Terah lived   years and died in Haran  Ge         Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-1922,"Epoch":"2nd Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 7:2-4","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":2083,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2792,"Dating":"2083a AM, 2792 JP, 1922 BC"}
{"Index":71,"EventTxt":"After Terah died who was Abram s father  God again called Abram from his own country  kindred and his father s house  A further promise and evangelical covenant of blessing was given to him  That is  in his blessed seed  our Lord Jesus Christ  all the nations of the earth would be blessed  Ge        Ac     From the time of the giving of this promise and Abram s immediate departure  we mark as the start of those   years which Abram and his posterity spent in foreign lands  Ex       Ga     The first and last day of this pilgrimage was on the  th of the month Abib  which in this year was Wednesday  May  th  according to the Julian Calendar  by our calculations","YearBCAD":-1921,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2083,"JulPer":2793,"Dating":"2083 AM, 2793 JP, 1921 BC"}
{"Index":72,"EventTxt":"Therefore  on this day  Abram when he was   years old  obeyed the call of God  He took Sarai his wife and Lot  his brother Haran s son  with all the substance  which he had gotten and souls which God had given him in Haran  He took his journey and at length came into the land of Canaan  He passed through it until he came to a place called Sichem  to the oak of Moreh    which is mentioned later in  Ge     Jos       Jud     Here God promised Abram that to his seed he would give that land  He built an altar to the Lord  who had appeared to him there  After leaving there  he went into the hill country  called Luz  later  known by the name of Bethel  toward the east  Ge     Here he again built an altar and called on the name of the Lord  He continued his journey and came into the south part of that country which borders Egypt","YearBCAD":-1921,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ge 12:4-6\", \"Ge 12:7-9\")","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2083,"JulPer":2793,"Dating":"2083 AM, 2793 JP, 1921 BC"}
{"Index":73,"EventTxt":"A famine caused Abram to leave there and go down into Egypt  To avoid danger  Sarah his wife said she was his sister  She was taken into Pharaoh s  Apophi  house  She returned unharmed  not long after that with many gifts and presents  They were given safe passage and allowed to depart from Egypt","YearBCAD":-1921,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 12:10-20","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2084,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2793,"Dating":"2084a AM, 2793 JP, 1921 BC"}
{"Index":74,"EventTxt":"Abram  with Lot returned to Canaan  The country which they chose  was not able to feed both their herds of cattle  Therefore they parted and Lot went into the country of Sodom  After his departure  the promise both of the possession of that land of Canaan and also of his numberless posterity was again renewed to him  He left that place between Bethel and Hai  where he had formerly built an altar and dwelt in the plain of Mamre near Hebron  There he built an altar to the Lord  Ge","YearBCAD":-1921,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2084,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2793,"Dating":"2084a AM, 2793 JP, 1921 BC"}
{"Index":75,"EventTxt":"Bera king of Sodom  with the rest of the petty kings of Pentapolis rebelled and shook off the yoke of Chedorlaomer king of Elam  in the  th year of their subjection to him  Ge","YearBCAD":-1913,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2091,"JulPer":2801,"Dating":"2091 AM, 2801 JP, 1913 BC"}
{"Index":76,"EventTxt":"In the  th year Chedorlaomer  with other confederate princes  Amraphel of Shinar  Arioch of Ellasar and Tidal king of the nations  combined their forces against those petty kings who had revolted from him  They first destroyed the Raphaims  the Zuzims  the Emims and the Horites  who inhabited all that region  which afterward was possessed by the Amalekites and the Ammonites  After that  they routed the kings of Pentapolis in the valley of Siddim and carried away Lot prisoner with all the plunder of Sodom and Gomorrah  When tidings came to Abram  he armed   of his own servants  With his confederates Aner  Eshcol and Mamre  they overtook Chedorlaomer and his army at Dan with the prey they had gotten  There they defeated and slew them and pursued them to Hobah  on the left of Damascus  They rescued Lot and the rest of the prisoners from the enemies  hands  and brought them back again with all that they had lost  When Abram returned from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the other kings  Melchizedek the king of Salem met him and blessed him  He was a priest of the Most High God  Abram  in return offered him the tithe of the spoil which he had taken  He kept nothing of the spoil for himself  but restored to every man his own possessions again  What was not owned he left to his troops for their service","YearBCAD":-1912,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 14:1-24","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2092,"JulPer":2802,"Dating":"2092 AM, 2802 JP, 1912 BC"}
{"Index":77,"EventTxt":"Abram was grieved because he had no heir  Hence  God promised him a posterity equal to the stars of heaven in number  After   years sojourning and affliction in a land that was not theirs  God said he would bring them into the land promised to Abram and bound his word with a covenant to perform it","YearBCAD":-1912,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 15:1-21","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2092,"JulPer":2802,"Dating":"2092 AM, 2802 JP, 1912 BC"}
{"Index":78,"EventTxt":"Sarai was longing for that blessed seed  Since ten years had passed since they came into the land of Canaan  she gave to Abram  Hagar her Egyptian servant  for a wife  Hagar conceived a child by her master Abram  She was badly treated by Sarai for her insolence  She fled from Sarai but being warned of God by his angel  she returned and submitted herself to Sarai  Ge","YearBCAD":-1911,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2093,"JulPer":2803,"Dating":"2093 AM, 2803 JP, 1911 BC"}
{"Index":79,"EventTxt":"When Abram was   years old  Hagar bore him Ishmael","YearBCAD":-1910,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 16:15-17","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2094,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2804,"Dating":"2094b AM, 2804 JP, 1910 BC"}
{"Index":80,"EventTxt":"Arphaxad  the third from Noah  died   years after the birth of Salem  Ge","YearBCAD":-1908,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2096,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2806,"Dating":"2096d AM, 2806 JP, 1908 BC"}
{"Index":81,"EventTxt":"God made a covenant with Abram  when he was now   years old concerning the seed of Isaac  He was to be born of Sarai about that time twelve months later  God gave him the sign of circumcision  changing both their names  Abram into Abraham and Sarai into Sarah  for a sure pledge and testimony of his promise  He promised also to favour Ishmael the firstborn  for his father s sake  These promises Abraham received and embraced with a true faith  Hence in true obedience  caused himself  being now   years of age and his son Ishmael then   years old and all his household  to be circumcised  the same day it was commanded him","YearBCAD":-1897,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 17:21-26","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2107,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2817,"Dating":"2107c AM, 2817 JP, 1897 BC"}
{"Index":82,"EventTxt":"Abraham invited angels  who looked like travelling men  into his house and gave them a feast  These angels reiterated the promise of the birth of Isaac for Sarah s sake  They foretold the judgment God intended upon the   cities  for their utter destruction  Abraham  fearing what would become of Lot and his family in Sodom  made intercession to God for the sparing of that place     Therefore Sodom  Gomorrah  Adamah and Zeboiim  for their horrible sins  perished by fire and brimstone that rained down upon them from heaven     These cities were to be an example to all wicked men in times to come  of the pains of that everlasting fire to be inflicted on them in the lake of fire and brimstone  which is the second death   Pe       Re             The monument of this remains to this day  even the Dead Sea  The valley of Siddim  where these five cities stood in former times was full of brimstone and salt pits  This has since grown into a vast lake  which from the brimstone still floating in it  is called Laces Asphaltitis  a Lake of Brimstone and from the salt  Mare Salsum  the Salt Sea  APC Wis       Ge       De         Zep     Of this  Solinus thus writes  vv A great way off from Jerusalem  there lies a woeful spectacle  of a country to be seen  which was blasted from heaven and appears by the blackness of the earth falling all to cinders  There were in that place before this two cities  one called Sodom  the other Gomorrah  where if an apple grew  though it seems to have a show of maturity and ripeness  yet it is not eatable at all  The outer skin of it  contains nothing within it save a stinking smell  mingled with ashes and being never so lightly touched  sends forth a smoke and the rest falls presently into a light dust of powder","YearBCAD":-1897,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ge 18:23-33\", \"Ge 19:1-29\")","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2107,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2817,"Dating":"2107c AM, 2817 JP, 1897 BC"}
{"Index":83,"EventTxt":"Lot was hurried from Sodom by the angels and avoided its destruction  by fleeing to a little city  called Bela also called Zoar  His wife was turned into a pillar of salt  Lot feared to continue at Zoar and left the plain country  He went into the hills  as he was commanded  taking his two daughters with him","YearBCAD":-1897,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 19:30-38","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2107,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2817,"Dating":"2107c AM, 2817 JP, 1897 BC"}
{"Index":84,"EventTxt":"Abraham left the plain of Mamre and went towards the south to dwell in a place which was later called Beersheba  He was entertained by Abimelech  king of the Philistines at Gerar  Sarah  once again went by the name of his sister and she was taken from him  After the king was reproved and punished by God  he restored her untouched to her husband  He presented him with large gifts and presents  By Abraham s prayers Abimelech and all his house were healed of their infirmities","YearBCAD":-1897,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 20:1-18","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2107,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2817,"Dating":"2107c AM, 2817 JP, 1897 BC"}
{"Index":85,"EventTxt":"When Abraham was now   and Sarah   years of age  the promised son Isaac was born to them  Ge       Ro     Not long after this  Moab and Amon were born to Lot  who was both father and grandfather to them","YearBCAD":-1896,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 19:36-38","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2108,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2818,"Dating":"2108c AM, 2818 JP, 1896 BC"}
{"Index":86,"EventTxt":"After Isaac was weaned  Abraham made a great feast  Sarah saw Ishmael the son of Hagar the Egyptian jesting with  or rather mocking  as in Ge     that word is translated  or even persecuting  as the apostle  Ga     expounds it  her son Isaac  Ishmael who was the older  claimed the right of inheritance in his father s estate  Sarah asked Abraham to cast out Ishmael  for the son of this handmaid shall not be heir with my son Isaac  Though he took this very grievously at first  yet he did it  for God had said to him  in Isaac shall thy seed be called  Ge       Ro       Heb       Hence  we observe that Isaac is called his only begotten son  It was   years from the time Abraham left Haran Ga     Ex     until the exodus  Abraham was told his seed would be persecuted for   years  Based on Ga      Ge     Ac     we conclude that this presecution started at this time when Issac was   years old when Abraham made this feast    years after Abraham left Haran  vv Among the Hebrews there is a difference of opinions  Some hold that this was done in the  th year after Isaac s weaning  others in the  th  We  choosing a shorter time of age  reckon that Ishmael was cast out with his mother  when he was   years old","YearBCAD":-1891,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2113,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2823,"Dating":"2113c AM, 2823 JP, 1891 BC"}
{"Index":87,"EventTxt":"So Jerome says  writing on the traditions of the Jews on Genesis  that from this declaration of the elect seed and persecution  as the apostle terms it  of Isaac  by Hagar s son  many of them  start the   year period which the seed of Abraham was to be a stranger and sojourner and afflicted in a foreign land  as God had foretold him  Ge     Ac     For those   years were to be completed at the same time as the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt  as appears from Ge     Ex         when compared with each other  Although the ordinary gloss from Augustine  refers to the beginning of the account  to the very birth of Isaac  as if the scripture called the number of   by the amount of   years meaning that the time was a rounded off number","YearBCAD":-1891,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2113,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2823,"Dating":"2113c AM, 2823 JP, 1891 BC"}
{"Index":88,"EventTxt":"Salah the  th from Noah  died   years after the birth of Heber  Ge","YearBCAD":-1878,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2126,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2836,"Dating":"2126d AM, 2836 JP, 1878 BC"}
{"Index":89,"EventTxt":"Assis reigned in Egypt for   years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1873,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2131,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2841,"Dating":"2131b AM, 2841 JP, 1873 BC"}
{"Index":90,"EventTxt":"By faith Abraham  when he was tried  offered up his son Isaac  He considered within himself  that God was able by his power  to raise him again from the dead  whence also he did receive him  in a manner  Heb","YearBCAD":-1871,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2133,"JulPer":2843,"Dating":"2133 AM, 2843 JP, 1871 BC"}
{"Index":91,"EventTxt":"Josephus says that at this time Isaac was   years old   Antiq     I e      He was at that time in his prime of years  This may be deduced from the fact that he was able to carry so much wood for the burning and consuming of such a whole burnt offering of himself as Abraham intended to make  Ge","YearBCAD":-1871,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2133,"JulPer":2843,"Dating":"2133 AM, 2843 JP, 1871 BC"}
{"Index":92,"EventTxt":"Sarah died in Hebron at age    Abraham bought the cave for her burial in the field of Machpelah from Ephron the Hittite  for a sum of money  This was the first possession that he had in the land of Canaan  Ge           As Abraham is known to us as the father of the faithful  Ro         so is Sarah as the mother of the faithful  IPe     She is the only woman whose age at death is mentioned in the scripture","YearBCAD":-1859,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2145,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2855,"Dating":"2145c AM, 2855 JP, 1859 BC"}
{"Index":93,"EventTxt":"Abraham was very careful about getting a wife for his son Isaac  He sent his chief servant  Eliezer of Damascus Ge      taking first an oath of him  to find one for him  Eliezer under the guidance of God went into Mesopotamia and there obtained for him Rebecca the daughter of Bethuel  sister to Laban the Syrian  Isaac received her for his wife and brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah  By the solace and contentment which he took in her  he dispelled the sadness and grief which he had after the death of his mother  who died   years before  Ge         He was   years old when he married Rebecca  Ge","YearBCAD":-1856,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2148,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2858,"Dating":"2148b AM, 2858 JP, 1856 BC"}
{"Index":94,"EventTxt":"About this time began the reign of the Argivi in Peloponesus    years before the first olympiad  according to Eusebius in his Chronicle reports  from Castor","YearBCAD":-1856,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2148,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2858,"Dating":"2148b AM, 2858 JP, 1856 BC"}
{"Index":95,"EventTxt":"The first that there reigned was Inachus  who reigned   years  Of him Erasmus  in the proverb  Inacho Antiquior  refers to  Whom also I refer that of the most learned Varro  in his  th book of Human Affairs   cited by A  Gellius in his first book  Noctium Attic c     and of Macrobius       Saturnal   where he said  to the beginning of Romulus are reckoned more than   years  For from the beginning of Inachus  reign  according to the calculations of Castor  there mentioned  to the Palilia  or solemn festivals of Pales  the country goddess among the Romans  mentioned by Varro  are reckoned   years","YearBCAD":-1856,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2148,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2858,"Dating":"2148b AM, 2858 JP, 1856 BC"}
{"Index":96,"EventTxt":"Shem the son of Noah died   years after the birth of Arphaxad  Ge","YearBCAD":-1846,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2158,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2868,"Dating":"2158d AM, 2868 JP, 1846 BC"}
{"Index":97,"EventTxt":"When Rebecca had been barren for   years after her marriage  Isaac in great devotion made prayer to God on her behalf  and she thereupon conceived twins  Ge","YearBCAD":-1837,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2167,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2877,"Dating":"2167d AM, 2877 JP, 1837 BC"}
{"Index":98,"EventTxt":"When the twins strove in the womb  Rebecca asked counsel of God  God said that two differing and opposing nations should proceed out of her in that birth  of which the one should be stronger than the other  and that the older should serve the younger  But at the time of her travail  the first that came forth was ruddy all over and like to a shag garment and his name was called Esau  Then came forth the other  holding the former by the heel  whereupon he was called by the name of Jacob  Isaac  their father  at the time of their birth  was   years old  Ge     Ho","YearBCAD":-1836,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2168,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2878,"Dating":"2168c AM, 2878 JP, 1836 BC"}
{"Index":99,"EventTxt":"Manetho wrote Manetho       that Tethmosis king of Thebais  or the upper Egypt  besieged the Hyksos or Shepherds  shut up in a place called Auarim  containing     acres of ground  with an army of     men  When he found no possibility of taking them  he agreed with them that they should leave Egypt and go freely wherever they wished  They  with all their substance and goods  being in number no less than      passed through Egypt and went by the way of the wilderness into Syria  For fear they had of the Assyrians  who then possessed all Asia  they built themselves a city in the land of Judah  as it is now called  This city was big enough to hold so large a number of inhabitants  and called it Hierosolyma  i e  Jerusalem  Manetho states this in Josephus       contra Appionem Grammaticum  which  Appion in his  th book of Egyptian Affaires  calls this king  Amosis  He proves out of the Annals of Ptolemy Mendesius an Egyptian priest  that he was contemporary to Inachus mentioned previously  king of the Argivi  as Tatian the Assyrian  in his Oration against the Greeks  Justin Martyr   in his Paranetion or Exhortatory to the Greeks  Clemens Alexandrinus in his first book of his Stromata and others do report  All which following Josephus and Justus Tiberiensis understand is meant of the Israelites  because they traded much in sheep  Ge            Because they went from Egypt into Canaan and therefore imagine that Moses was contemporary with Inachus and was the man that conducted them in that journey  Whereas those things seem rather to refer to the Phoenicians  whom Herodotus        c     reports to have come from the Red Sea and settled themselves in Palestine  The departure of the Israelites from Egypt happened many years after Inachus  as the course of this chronology undoubtedly shows","YearBCAD":-1825,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2179,"JulPer":2889,"Dating":"2179 AM, 2889 JP, 1825 BC"}
{"Index":100,"EventTxt":"When Tethmosis or Amosis drove out these shepherds  he reigned in the lower Egypt for  years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1824,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2180,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2890,"Dating":"2180c AM, 2890 JP, 1824 BC"}
{"Index":101,"EventTxt":"Abraham died when he was   years old and   years after entering Canaan  He was buried by his two sons  Isaac and Ishmael  in his cave at Machpelah  with Sarah his wife  Ge       He lived   years after the birth of Jacob  with whom he is said also to have lived in tents  Heb","YearBCAD":-1821,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2183,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2893,"Dating":"2183c AM, 2893 JP, 1821 BC"}
{"Index":102,"EventTxt":"Heber  the  th from Noah  died   years after the birth of his son Peleg  Ge     This man lived the longest of any who were born after the flood  He out lived Abraham and from him Abraham came first to be surnamed  the Hebrew  Ge      In later times  all the posterity of his grandchild Jacob  were known by the same name  Ge      Canaan was called the land of the Hebrews  while the Canaanites were still living there","YearBCAD":-1817,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2187,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2897,"Dating":"2187d AM, 2897 JP, 1817 BC"}
{"Index":103,"EventTxt":"About this time  the promises previously made to Abraham  so it seemed  were fulfilled in his son Isaac  To wit     I will multiply thy seed  as the stars of heaven     To thy seed will I give this land     In thy seed  shall all the nations of the earth be blessed  Ge","YearBCAD":-1804,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2200,"JulPer":2910,"Dating":"2200 AM, 2910 JP, 1804 BC"}
{"Index":104,"EventTxt":"Chebron reigned in Egypt   years  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1799,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2205,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2915,"Dating":"2205d AM, 2915 JP, 1799 BC"}
{"Index":105,"EventTxt":"When Esau was   years old  he took two wives from the land of the Hittites  One was Judith the daughter of Beeri and the other was Bashemath the daughter of Elon  These two wives were very troublesome and a grief to Rebecca  Ge       cf  Ge","YearBCAD":-1796,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2208,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2918,"Dating":"2208c AM, 2918 JP, 1796 BC"}
{"Index":106,"EventTxt":"At this time the Ogygian Deluge occurred in the country of Attica   years before the first olympiad  This is reported by Hellanicus  Castor  Thalus  Diodorus Siculus and Alexander Polyhistor in his third book of his Chronography  by Julius Africanus  as we find it in Eusebius  book  de Prap  Evang  Varro says this flood happend   years earlier","YearBCAD":-1796,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2208,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2918,"Dating":"2208c AM, 2918 JP, 1796 BC"}
{"Index":107,"EventTxt":"Amenophis reigned in Egypt   years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1786,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2218,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2928,"Dating":"2218d AM, 2928 JP, 1786 BC"}
{"Index":108,"EventTxt":"Abraham s son  Ishmael  died at the age of   years  Ge","YearBCAD":-1773,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2231,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2941,"Dating":"2231b AM, 2941 JP, 1773 BC"}
{"Index":109,"EventTxt":"Amessis the sister of Amenophis  reigned in Egypt   years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1765,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2239,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2949,"Dating":"2239b AM, 2949 JP, 1765 BC"}
{"Index":110,"EventTxt":"Euechous began to reign in Chaldea    years before the Arabians   Julian Africanus  He seems to be the same with Belus of Babylon  or Jupiter Belus  who was worshipped later by the Chaldeans as a god  Isa     Jer","YearBCAD":-1762,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2242,"JulPer":2952,"Dating":"2242 AM, 2952 JP, 1762 BC"}
{"Index":111,"EventTxt":"years before his death  Isaac had grown old and blind  He sent his oldest son Esau to hunt some venison for him  Isaac purposed to bless him when he returned  However  Jacob his younger son  by the subtil counsel of his mother  came disguised in Esau s clothing bringing Isaac s favourite meat  Thus he stole away the blessing  unknown to his father  The blessing  though forgotten  God confirmed ever after to Jacob  By so doing  Jacob incurred his brother s hatred  Jacob journeyed to Mesopotamia to his uncle Laban  to avoid his brother s plan to kill him Ge     and to find a wife of his own kindred  Ge      Before he left  he asked for his father s blessing on the trip","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":112,"EventTxt":"On his journey  he saw a vision of a ladder  In this vision  God confirmed to him  all the blessings formerly given to his father  God assured him of his grace and favour for the future  In remembrance of this experience  Jacob set up a pillar  He changed the name of the place from Luz to Bethel and made a vow to God there  When he came to Haran  he stayed with Laban for a month  He fell in love with Rachel his daughter and agreed to serve Laban   years for her  Ge         Ho     Jacob was   years old in   AM","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":113,"EventTxt":"When Esau knew Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away into Mesopotamia to find a wife there and that Jacob did not like the daughters of Canaan  he tried to pacify his father s mind  Isaac was offended with him for marrying his first wife from Canaan  Therefore he took a second wife Mahalath  the daughter of Ishmael  the son of Abraham  Ge","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":114,"EventTxt":"Esau had been now a married man   years and was   years old  Jacob  who was as old as he  had all this while lived a bachelor  Remembering his father s command  he asked Rachel his wife to be given to him because he had served the allotted time for her  Ge     He was now of an age suitable for marriage  as Tremellius explains it  Tho  Lidyate understands this to have happened after the first month he was with Laban  However Laban intended from the beginning to make full use of Jacob s industry and his managerial skills before he would give his daughter to Jacob  This no doubt  was mentioned when Jacob first arrived since this was the main purpose for his coming","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":115,"EventTxt":"However  by Laban s fraud  instead of Rachel  Leah  the older daughter  was put into Jacob s bed on the marriage night  Nevertheless  at the end of the marriage week  Jud       Rachel also was espoused to him on the condition that Jacob of would serve seven more years for her  Laban gave to Leah  his maid servant Zilpah for a handmaid and to Rachel he gave Bilhah","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":116,"EventTxt":"When Leah was not so favoured by Jacob as Rachel was  God made Rachel barren and Leah was made a mother of   children in   successive years","YearBCAD":-1760,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 29:21-30","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2245,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2954,"Dating":"2245a AM, 2954 JP, 1760 BC"}
{"Index":117,"EventTxt":"Leah bore Reuban  Jacob s firstborn  Ge     For his incest committed with Bilhah  his father s concubine  Reuben later lost his birthright  Ge           ICh","YearBCAD":-1758,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2246,"JulPer":2956,"Dating":"2246 AM, 2956 JP, 1758 BC"}
{"Index":118,"EventTxt":"Simeon was born","YearBCAD":-1757,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2247,"JulPer":2957,"Dating":"2247 AM, 2957 JP, 1757 BC"}
{"Index":119,"EventTxt":"Levi was born Ge","YearBCAD":-1756,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2248,"JulPer":2958,"Dating":"2248 AM, 2958 JP, 1756 BC"}
{"Index":120,"EventTxt":"Judah was born Ge     from whom the Jews took their name","YearBCAD":-1755,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2249,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2959,"Dating":"2249c AM, 2959 JP, 1755 BC"}
{"Index":121,"EventTxt":"God blessed Rachel and she bore Joseph to Jacob at the end of his   years of service  Jacob asked permission from Laban to return into his own country  He remained there   more years on a another condition made between him and his father in law Laban for a certain part of his flock  Ge             Now Jacob was   years old when Joseph was born and consequently    years old  when he first began to serve Laban  This can be deduced for Jacob was   years old  when he first stood before Pharaoh  at the time when the   years of plenty were passed and   years of the famine were over  Ge         Joseph was then   years old  He was   years old when he first came before Pharaoh  just before the   years of plenty  Ge","YearBCAD":-1745,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2259,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2969,"Dating":"2259c AM, 2969 JP, 1745 BC"}
{"Index":122,"EventTxt":"Mephres reigned in Egypt    years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1744,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2261,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":2970,"Dating":"2261a AM, 2970 JP, 1744 BC"}
{"Index":123,"EventTxt":"As the jealousy and malice grew between Laban and his sons against Jacob  God warned him to return to his own country  Jacob told his wives of this  When Laban was shearing his sheep  at the latter end of the spring  See note on  c AM    after   years of service  Jacob secretly fled from Laban  He took all his goods  wives and family and crossed over the river Euphrates  Ge               It is said Jacob had   sons born to him in Mesopotamia  Ge       Benjamin is not to be counted among them because he was born later in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem  Ge       In like manner  as the   apostles are counted to make up that number even though Judas was dead  Joh     ICo     Concerning this matter  see Augustine in his  th question upon Genesis","YearBCAD":-1739,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2265,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2975,"Dating":"2265c AM, 2975 JP, 1739 BC"}
{"Index":124,"EventTxt":"Three days later  Laban  for he was three days journey from the place where Jacob kept his sheep  heard that his son in law was gone and took some of his friends and kindred with him  After travelling seven days he caught up with him at Mount Gilead  This mount was named from this meeting  After many arguments  they finally reconciled  For a testimony and monument to their covenant and agreement  Jacob erected a pillar  with a heap of stones  Laban the Syrian  called it Jegar Sahadutha  but Jacob the Hebrew called it Galeed  i e  the heap of a testimony  or witness between the two  Ge","YearBCAD":-1739,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2265,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2975,"Dating":"2265c AM, 2975 JP, 1739 BC"}
{"Index":125,"EventTxt":"After Jacob left Laban in peace  he was frightened by the news of his brother Esau s coming with a band of men  He divided his company into two groups and called on God  He sent ahead of him presents to his brother Esau  After wrestling with the angel  he was given the name of Israel by God  Jacob matured spiritually by depending more on the help of God than on man     Ho","YearBCAD":-1739,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 32:1-32","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2265,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2975,"Dating":"2265c AM, 2975 JP, 1739 BC"}
{"Index":126,"EventTxt":"Esau entertained his brother courteously  After much entreaty he accepted Jacob s presents and offered to escort him on his way  When Jacob refused  Esau left  Then Jacob went on to Succoth  He called the place Succoth because he built an house there and cotes for his sheep  After passing over Jordan  he came into Canaan and pitched his tent in Shechem  a city of the Shechemites  He bought a parcel of ground from the sons of Hamor the Shechemite  for   pieces of silver  There he built an altar  which he called by the name of El Elohe Israel or The mighty God  the God of Israel     It was in this same place that Abraham had built his first altar before  Ge       and where Jacob s well was  near to Mount Gerizim  When the woman of Samaria spoke to our Saviour  she said that her fathers worshipped in this mountain  Joh           This mountain was located in the country of the Shechemites  Jud","YearBCAD":-1739,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 33:1-20","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2265,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2975,"Dating":"2265c AM, 2975 JP, 1739 BC"}
{"Index":127,"EventTxt":"Mephramuthosis reigned in Egypt   years    months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1731,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2273,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":2983,"Dating":"2273d AM, 2983 JP, 1731 BC"}
{"Index":128,"EventTxt":"When Joseph was   years old  he told his father of his brothers  wickedness and was told by God that he would one day be the head of all his father s family  His brothers hated him for this so much that they plotted his death  At length they agreed to sell him for a slave into a far country  When they drew him from the pit that they had cast him into  they sold him for   pieces of silver to the Ishmaelite and Midianite merchants  Both of these peoples descended from their grandfather Abraham  Joseph was carried away by them to Egypt  There they sold him to be a slave to Potiphar  the captain of Pharaoh s guard  Ge         Justin also  in his Epitome of Troeus Pompeius        c     makes mention of Joseph  He says  vv His brothers envied the excellency of his wisdom  After getting him privately into their hands  they sold him to foreign merchants who carried him into Egypt","YearBCAD":-1728,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2276,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2986,"Dating":"2276c AM, 2986 JP, 1728 BC"}
{"Index":129,"EventTxt":"When Joseph  was thrown into prison  he interpreted the dreams of two officers of Pharaoh s court  This was two years before he was brought before Pharaoh","YearBCAD":-1717,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 40:1-41","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2287,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2997,"Dating":"2287c AM, 2997 JP, 1717 BC"}
{"Index":130,"EventTxt":"Isaac died at the age of   years and was buried by his two sons  Esau and Jacob  Ge","YearBCAD":-1716,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2288,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":2998,"Dating":"2288c AM, 2998 JP, 1716 BC"}
{"Index":131,"EventTxt":"When Pharaoh could not get his dreams interpreted by his own wise men  and after hearing of Joseph s skill in expounding dreams  he sent for Joseph  He was   years old when he explained the king s dreams  The first dream was that of the   years of plenty followed by   years famine  Moreover  he advised Pharaoh how to provide from the abundance of the first   years of plenty  for the famine of the next   years of scarcity  Thereupon Pharaoh  by the general agreement of all his nobles  made him governor of the whole kingdom  He gave him a wife  Asenath  the daughter of Potiphar  governor of On or Heliopolis in Egypt     Justin also from Tragus Pompeius says  that he was very important to Pharaoh  For he said  vv Joseph was most skilled in explaining dreams or signs and was the first that found out and taught the art of the interpretation of dreams  Neither was there any part of divine or human intention  which seemed to be unknown to him in that he foretold a famine many years before it happened  All Egypt would have perished unless the king  by his advice  had ordered grain to be stored many years before the famine came","YearBCAD":-1715,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 41:1-46","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2289,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2999,"Dating":"2289b AM, 2999 JP, 1715 BC"}
{"Index":132,"EventTxt":"From the harvest of this year started the   years of plenty  In these years Joseph laid up an enormous supply of grain  Asenath  his wife  bore him two sons  Manasseh and Ephraim  Ge","YearBCAD":-1715,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2289,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":2999,"Dating":"2289b AM, 2999 JP, 1715 BC"}
{"Index":133,"EventTxt":"The   years of the famine began from the harvest of this year as predicted  Joseph s wisdom in laying up supplies not only sustained Egypt but also helped relieve the famine in the neighbouring countries  Ge","YearBCAD":-1708,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2296,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3006,"Dating":"2296c AM, 3006 JP, 1708 BC"}
{"Index":134,"EventTxt":"Jacob sent   of his sons into Egypt to buy grain  Joseph pretended not to know them and took them for spies  They were held and not released until Simeon  the oldest and the leader of them  who consented to sell Joseph  was cast into prison  He was held to ensure that the rest should bring to Joseph  Benjamin  their youngest brother  who was born of Rachel  Joseph s own mother  When they were sent away  they carried their grain and the money they had payed for it  This money was placed into each of their sacks by the secret orders of Joseph  They told their father Jacob  all that had happened to them  Also they told him it was necessary that their youngest brother Benjamin return with them to Egypt  They were not able to convince Jacob to allow this to happen","YearBCAD":-1707,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 42:1-38","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2297,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3007,"Dating":"2297d AM, 3007 JP, 1707 BC"}
{"Index":135,"EventTxt":"When Jacob was hard pressed by the famine  he sent his sons again and with them Benjamin their brother  He sent twice the amount of money needed to buy grain and other gifts for Joseph  When they arrived  they were courteously entertained and feasted by Joseph  Simeon was released and returned to them","YearBCAD":-1706,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 43:1-34","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2298,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3008,"Dating":"2298b AM, 3008 JP, 1706 BC"}
{"Index":136,"EventTxt":"When they were on their way home  Joseph arrested them for stealing his cup  This he had caused secretly to be hidden in Benjamin s sack  When they were confronted with this crime  they tried to show their honesty by the fact that they returned the money they found in their sacks when they came into Egypt the second time  They offered to die  or to be his slaves  if any such thing could be proved against them  But in the end the cup was found with Benjamin  They returned to Joseph and yielded themselves to him to be his slaves  When Joseph refused and said he would have no one but him with whom the cup was found  Judah then humbly offered himself to serve him in Benjamin s stead","YearBCAD":-1706,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 44:1-34","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2298,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3008,"Dating":"2298b AM, 3008 JP, 1706 BC"}
{"Index":137,"EventTxt":"When Joseph heard Judah make this offer  he revealed himself to his brothers  The brothers were all terrified at the remembrance of the sin which they had committed against Joseph  He comforted them by showing how that deed of theirs was an act of God s providence  From the king s supplies  Joseph ordered wagons and provisions for their journey  They were to go and to return with all speed  bringing their father and their families with them  When they told their father  he did not believe them  until he saw the wagons and other supplies necessary for them to move to Egypt","YearBCAD":-1706,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 45:1-28","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2298,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3008,"Dating":"2298b AM, 3008 JP, 1706 BC"}
{"Index":138,"EventTxt":"After Jacob offered sacrifices and was encouraged by God  he and all his family  went down into Egypt  This was in the beginning of the third year of the famine when Jacob was   years old  Ge               De","YearBCAD":-1706,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2298,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3008,"Dating":"2298b AM, 3008 JP, 1706 BC"}
{"Index":139,"EventTxt":"After Joseph had told Pharaoh of the arrival of his family in Egypt  he brought his father and   of his brothers to Pharaoh  When Pharaoh had communed with them  he assigned them a suitable place in the land of Goshen where Joseph took care of all their needs","YearBCAD":-1706,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 47:1-12","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2298,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3008,"Dating":"2298b AM, 3008 JP, 1706 BC"}
{"Index":140,"EventTxt":"Mephramuthosis died and Thmosis reigned in Egypt for   years   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1705,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2299,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3009,"Dating":"2299d AM, 3009 JP, 1705 BC"}
{"Index":141,"EventTxt":"Joseph took all the money in Egypt and Canaan from the grain that he had sold to them  Ge","YearBCAD":-1704,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2300,"JulPer":3010,"Dating":"2300 AM, 3010 JP, 1704 BC"}
{"Index":142,"EventTxt":"When all the money of both these countries was spent  the Egyptians sold all their flocks and herds of cattle to Joseph for food to live on that year  Ge","YearBCAD":-1703,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2301,"JulPer":3011,"Dating":"2301 AM, 3011 JP, 1703 BC"}
{"Index":143,"EventTxt":"At the end of this year  when their money and stock of cattle was all gone  the Egyptians then sold both their lands and freedom to Joseph  He supplied them with grain for food and with seed to plant in this seventh and last year of the famine  He was to be repaid in the year following  when the famine was over  So that Pharaoh would have a clear title and full possession of the lands he purchased  Joseph moved everyone from one side of the country to the other  There he assigned to every man land to till and to work  From the profits a law was made giving Pharaoh a fifth part of the increase  Only the chief governors  and the priests  lands  were not bought by Pharaoh  These individuals had a living by the king s allowance and had no need to sell their lands for food as others had","YearBCAD":-1702,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2302,"JulPer":3012,"Dating":"2302 AM, 3012 JP, 1702 BC"}
{"Index":144,"EventTxt":"Amenophis reigned in Egypt   years   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1695,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2309,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3019,"Dating":"2309b AM, 3019 JP, 1695 BC"}
{"Index":145,"EventTxt":"When Jacob was about to die  he adopted Ephraim and Manasseh the sons of Joseph  He blessed them by revelation from God and set the younger ahead of the older  Ge        Heb     When he called his sons together  he blessed them all and foretold what should befall them in the coming generations  He told them that memorable prophesy of the Messiah and gave orders to them concerning his burial  He died at   years of age   years of which were in the land of Egypt","YearBCAD":-1689,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 49:1-33","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2315,"JulPer":3025,"Dating":"2315 AM, 3025 JP, 1689 BC"}
{"Index":146,"EventTxt":"Joseph had the body of Jacob embalmed and kept for   days  The Egyptians mourned him for   days  With Pharaoh s leave  the body was conveyed into the land of Canaan by Joseph and his brothers and with a great number of the principal men of Pharaoh s court  Lamentation was again made over him   days and he was buried with his kindred in the cave at Machpelah according to his wishes","YearBCAD":-1689,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 50:15-21","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2315,"JulPer":3025,"Dating":"2315 AM, 3025 JP, 1689 BC"}
{"Index":147,"EventTxt":"Orus reigned in Egypt for   years   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1664,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2340,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3050,"Dating":"2340b AM, 3050 JP, 1664 BC"}
{"Index":148,"EventTxt":"By faith  Joseph on his death bed spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt  He asked that his bones might be carried with them  He was     years old when he died and saw his children to the third generation     Heb     These were Shuthelah and Tahan  the grandsons of Ephraim and Eran or Taran  Nu     the sons of Manasseh and Gilead was Manasseh s grandchild  From here it is  that the Greek expositors  speaking of the families of Jacob and Joseph  which were said to consist of   souls  Ge     De     adding to the total these   who were born to Joseph in Egypt I   for a number of   persons in all  It appears that Joseph ruled and governed the state of Egypt for   years under several Pharaohs  Eusebius in his chronicle  has rightly observed and summarised it thus  vv Joseph was made governor of Egypt when he was   years old and when his father Jacob was   years old  He headed the government for   years  After he died  the Hebrews were held in bondage by the Egyptians   years  Therefore  the whole time which the Hebrews spent in Egypt was   years  starting from the time that Jacob and his sons went down into Egypt","YearBCAD":-1635,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ge 50:22-26\", \"Ch 7:20-29\")","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2369,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3079,"Dating":"2369c AM, 3079 JP, 1635 BC"}
{"Index":149,"EventTxt":"The book of Genesis ends with the death of Joseph and contains the history of   years  This book was written by Moses  This is the opinion of the Talmudists in their Bababathra       and so it is generally believed by all the Hebrews  The sum of it is delivered by Servins Sulpicins  in the first book of his Historia Sacras thus  vv At this time lived Job  a man embracing the law of nature  and the knowledge of the true God and very righteous and rich in goods  He was renowned for the fact that neither the enjoyment of those riches corrupted him  nor the loss of them depraved him in any way  When he was plundered of all his goods by Satan  bereft of his children and at last tormented with grievous botches and sores in his body  he did not sin  Having first been commended by God himself  he was later restored to his former health  and had double of what he possessed before","YearBCAD":-1635,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2369,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3079,"Dating":"2369c AM, 3079 JP, 1635 BC"}
{"Index":150,"EventTxt":"Acencheres the daughter of Orus reigned in Egypt for   years   month  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1628,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2376,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3086,"Dating":"2376c AM, 3086 JP, 1628 BC"}
{"Index":151,"EventTxt":"Levi died in Egypt when he was   years old  Ex     He was the grandfather by the mother s side to Moses and Aaron and great grandfather by the father s side  Levi had begotten Kohath in Canaan  who died at the age of   years and a daughter called Jochebed in Egypt  Amram the son of Kohath married Jochebed the daughter of Levi  his own aunt  From that marriage  expressly forbidden later  Le         Moses and Aaron and their sister Miriam were born  Amram lived   years  just as long as his grandfather and his father in law  He died shortly before the Israelites left Egypt  Ex           Nu","YearBCAD":-1619,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2385,"JulPer":3095,"Dating":"2385 AM, 3095 JP, 1619 BC"}
{"Index":152,"EventTxt":"Rathotis  the brother of Acencheres  reigned in Egypt for   years  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1616,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2388,"JulPer":3098,"Dating":"2388 AM, 3098 JP, 1616 BC"}
{"Index":153,"EventTxt":"When the Ethiopians came from as far as the river Indus  they settled on the borders of Egypt   Euseb  Chron   This is the place  to which Panegyrist refers  where he said  vv Let the victories of Egypt give place to this  under which the Ethiopian and Indus both did tremble","YearBCAD":-1615,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2389,"JulPer":3099,"Dating":"2389 AM, 3099 JP, 1615 BC"}
{"Index":154,"EventTxt":"J  Potken  in his Ethiopian Psalter printed at Rome in    calls Ethiopia  which is to the south of Egypt  the greater India","YearBCAD":-1615,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2389,"JulPer":3099,"Dating":"2389 AM, 3099 JP, 1615 BC"}
{"Index":155,"EventTxt":"Acencheres  the son of Rathotis  reigned in Egypt for   years and   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1607,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2397,"JulPer":3107,"Dating":"2397 AM, 3107 JP, 1607 BC"}
{"Index":156,"EventTxt":"Acencheres II reigned in Egypt for   years and   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1594,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2410,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3120,"Dating":"2410a AM, 3120 JP, 1594 BC"}
{"Index":157,"EventTxt":"Harmais reigned in Egypt for   years and   month  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1582,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2422,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3132,"Dating":"2422b AM, 3132 JP, 1582 BC"}
{"Index":158,"EventTxt":"Ramesses reigned in Egypt for   year   months  Manetho","YearBCAD":-1578,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2426,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3136,"Dating":"2426c AM, 3136 JP, 1578 BC"}
{"Index":159,"EventTxt":"Ramesses Miamun reigned in Egypt for   years   months  Manetho       The latter part of the surname seems to have been deduced from the first part of the name Amenophis  His son after him and several also of his predecessors were called by this name  The former part of it was from the word Moy which with the Egyptians signifies water  as Josephus  a  contra  Apion   and Clemens Alexand        Stromat   and Suidas  in ~wc  affirms  Those writers  who relate all by way of fables  called Mythologians  gave him the name of Neptune  the feigned god of the waters  as shall be shown upon the year   AM    This is that new king  who did not know Joseph  He was born after Joseph s death and remembered no more the great benefits received from him  By his policy the Egyptians  frightened at the number and strength of the Israelites in the land  subjected them to a heavy and cruel bondage  In addition to tilling the ground  they laid upon them the building also of the king s magazines and storehouses and the whole cities of Raamsis or Ramesis  Ex       Ac       The latter took its name  as Mercator thinks  from Ramesses the founder of it and the other perhaps from his queen","YearBCAD":-1577,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2427,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3137,"Dating":"2427d AM, 3137 JP, 1577 BC"}
{"Index":160,"EventTxt":"Aaron was born   years before his brother Moses    years before the departure of the Israelites from Egypt  Ex","YearBCAD":-1574,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2430,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3140,"Dating":"2430b AM, 3140 JP, 1574 BC"}
{"Index":161,"EventTxt":"The ungodly king could not prevail with Shiphrah and Pua  the two principal midwives of the Hebrew women  to force them to kill all the male children of the Hebrews  Therefore he proclaimed a barbarous edict to destroy them all by drowning them in the river     Ac       This happened between the birth of Aaron and the birth of Moses","YearBCAD":-1573,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 1:15-22","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2431,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3141,"Dating":"2431b AM, 3141 JP, 1573 BC"}
{"Index":162,"EventTxt":"years after the death of her father Levi  Jochebed bore Moses to Amram  her nephew and husband  Moses was   years old  when he first spoke to Pharaoh to let the children of Israel go  Ex       years later Moses died in the  th month when he was   years old  De","YearBCAD":-1571,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2433,"JulPer":3143,"Dating":"2433 AM, 3143 JP, 1571 BC"}
{"Index":163,"EventTxt":"Because Moses was an attractive child  as Justin also from Tragus Pompeius mentions him to have been  his parents hid him   months in their house  They did not regard the king s edict  Ex     Ac     Heb","YearBCAD":-1571,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2433,"JulPer":3143,"Dating":"2433 AM, 3143 JP, 1571 BC"}
{"Index":164,"EventTxt":"He was discovered by the diligent inquiry made by the king s searchers and their bad neighbours the Egyptians  The parents put him in a basket of bulrushes  daubed over with slime and pitch and laid it in the flags  by the brim of the river  His sister  Miriam or Mary  Nu     ICh     stood near by to see what would become of him  Pharaoh s daughter whom Josephus  Antiq        c      called Thermutin and so does Epiphanius  in Panario and others  found him there  She put him out to be nursed  as it happened  to his own mother Jochebed  Afterward she adopted him for her son and had him brought up and instructed in all manner of science and learning of the Egyptians  Ex       Ac","YearBCAD":-1571,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2433,"JulPer":3143,"Dating":"2433 AM, 3143 JP, 1571 BC"}
{"Index":165,"EventTxt":"Cecrops  an Egyptian  transported a colony of the Saits into Attica  Diod  Sic         and set up there the kingdom of the Athenians  This was   years before the  st Olympiad  according to Eusebius in Chron  reports from Castor  From the time of Cecrops  the Chronology of the He of Paras  published by that most learned J  Selden  among his Marmora Arundelliana  deduces history or antiquities of Greece  After him and Moses  who was contemporary with him  many memorable things happened in Greece as follows  a  Deucalion s flood b  Phaeton s fire c  the birth of Ericthonius d  the rape of Prosepina e  the mysteries of Ceres f  the institution of the Elesinian sacrifices  g  Triptolemus  art of tilling the ground h  the carrying away of Europa  by Jupiter i  the birth of Apollo j  the building of Thebes  by Cadmus k  those of a later time  Bacchus  Minos  Perseus  Esculapius  Castor and Pollux  Hercules   Euseb       de Prep  Ev  c","YearBCAD":-1556,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2448,"JulPer":3158,"Dating":"2448 AM, 3158 JP, 1556 BC"}
{"Index":166,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Cecrops  the Chaldeans made war and fought with the Phoenicians   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-1539,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2465,"JulPer":3175,"Dating":"2465 AM, 3175 JP, 1539 BC"}
{"Index":167,"EventTxt":"In this war the Chaldeans were defeated and the Arabians reigned in the country of Babylon   years before Belus the Assyrian came there to reign  The  st king of the Arabians was Mardocentes  who reigned there   years  Jul  Afric   and seems to be the man that is called Merodach  He was later reputed by the Babylonians to be a god  Jer      Succeeding kings borrowed their names from him as Merodoch  Baladan and Evil merodach","YearBCAD":-1538,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2466,"JulPer":3176,"Dating":"2466 AM, 3176 JP, 1538 BC"}
{"Index":168,"EventTxt":"When Moses was   years old  he visited his brethren  the Israelites  When he saw their sad plight and an Egyptian smiting a man of the Hebrews  he killed the Egyptian and buried him in the sand  This became known not only to his brethren but also to Pharaoh who sought to kill him  Moses fled from there into the land of Midian  He married Zipporah the daughter of Jethro and stayed there   years  Ac     Ex                 Nu     Jude","YearBCAD":-1531,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2473,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3183,"Dating":"2473b AM, 3183 JP, 1531 BC"}
{"Index":169,"EventTxt":"Caleb  the son of Jephunneh  was born forty years before he was sent by Moses to spy out the land of Canaan  Jos","YearBCAD":-1530,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2474,"JulPer":3184,"Dating":"2474 AM, 3184 JP, 1530 BC"}
{"Index":170,"EventTxt":"Ramesses Miamun died in the  th year of his reign about   BC  The length of his tyrannical reign seems to be noted Ex     in these words  vv And it came to pass in process of time  that the king of Egypt died  and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage  and they cried","YearBCAD":-1511,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2494,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3203,"Dating":"2494a AM, 3203 JP, 1511 BC"}
{"Index":171,"EventTxt":"That is the cruel bondage  which they endured  even after Ramesses was dead for about   and   months  under his son Amenophis  who succeeded him  For so long and no longer a time of his reign is assigned by Manetho based on his writings  Manetho       Although filled with a multitude of old wives tales  all such are abundantly refuted by Josephus  in his  st book against Apion   yet there are two truths in it     Under this Amenophis  the father of Sethosis or Ramesses  the  st king of the following Dynasty  or successive principality  which Manetho makes the   and not under the other Amenophis which was the  rd of that Dynasty  as Josephus vainly surmises   the Israelites  under the conduct of Moses  according to Manetho s relation  left Egypt     The Egyptians called him Amenophis  the father of Sethosis and Armais  The Greeks called him Belus  the father of Egyptus  and Danaus  During Belus  time  according to Thallus the Chronographer  as he is alleged by Theophilus Antiochenus and Lactantius  agrees with the age of this Amenophis  Although the fable writers confounding this Belus of Egypt  with Belus the Assyrian  the father of Ninus  They tell us that certain colonies were transported by this Belus  who was drowned in the Red Sea   into the country of Babylon","YearBCAD":-1511,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2494,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3203,"Dating":"2494a AM, 3203 JP, 1511 BC"}
{"Index":172,"EventTxt":"God appeared to Moses in a burning bush that was not consumed with fire  while he was keeping his father in law Jethro s sheep in the mountain of Horeb  He called him to deliver his people Israel from their slavery and bondage in Egypt  Moses sought to avoid doing this with many excuses  At length however  he undertook the work being persuaded partly by miracles and partly by assurance given him of the help of God and his brother Aaron given him for an assistant  Ac       Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":173,"EventTxt":"Moses left Jether or Jethro his father in law and with his family took his journey for Egypt  Because he neglected to circumcise his son Eliezer  he was stopped by God in the way and not allowed to continue until he done this  He sent back his wife Zipporah and his two sons  Gershom and Eliezer  to her father Jethro  Now freed from all encumbrance  he returned to mount Horeb and met his brother Aaron  He went on and performed his duty  confirmed by miracles  in the public sight of the children of Israel  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":174,"EventTxt":"Moses and Aaron declared to Pharaoh God s message  Pharaoh charged them as being leaders in a rebellion and sent them away angrily  He increased the burden of the Israelites more than ever before  Their overseers were beaten because they could not do all the work  They complained in vain to Pharaoh  They complained to Moses and Aaron and Moses complained to God  God graciously heard him and told him to finish the work he had begun","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 5:1-22","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":175,"EventTxt":"Moses returned to the Israelites with further instructions from God  Because of their oppression  it was to no avail  Hence God commanded him to go again to Pharaoh","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 6:1-30","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":176,"EventTxt":"Moses was   years old and Aaron   years old when they were commanded by God to return again to Pharaoh  When the magicians by their sorcery  imitated the miracles of Aaron s rod becoming a serpent  Pharaoh was more obstinate than ever  Ex       The leaders of these magicians which opposed Moses  were Jannes and Jambres  as named by the apostle   Ti      These names are noted  not only by the Jews in their Talmudical treaty of tyhgm i e  of Oblations  c     where they are called by the names of yghfy and admmw i e  Jochanne and Mamre  In the Chaldee Paraphrase  they are attributed to Jonathan  Ex         Among some heathen writers  for so Numenius Apamaeus  a Pythagorean Philosopher  in his  rd book  wfsituataqhq cited by Euseb        Prepar  Evang  c     relates this history  vv Jannes and Jambres  interpreters of the mysteries of Egypt  were in great repute at the time when the Jews were sent out of Egypt  It was the opinion of all men that these were inferior to none in the art of magic  For by the common opinion of the Egyptians  these two were chosen to oppose Moses  the ring leader of the Jews  Moses prayers were most prevalent with God  They only were able to undo and frustrate all those most grievous calamities that Moses brought upon all the Egyptians","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":177,"EventTxt":"Pliny         c      in reference to this states vv There is also another sect of Magicians  depending upon Moses  and Jannes and Jotape Jews","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":178,"EventTxt":"Wherein nevertheless he falls into a double error  a  In reckoning Moses among the magicians  b  In making Jannes and Jotape to be Jews","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":179,"EventTxt":"But when Pharaoh s magicians could do no more  God through Moses sent his ten plagues upon the Egyptians  These are summarised in Ps               According to the Jews  these plagues lasted a year but in fact they were all sent within one month in this order","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":180,"EventTxt":"About the  th day of the  th month   which in the previous year and thereafter became the  th month Ex      God sent the first plague of the waters turning into blood  After   days  Ex     about the  th day  came the second plague of the frogs which were removed the next day  About the  th was brought upon them the third plague of flies and lice","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":181,"EventTxt":"About the  th day  Moses threatened them with a fourth plague of flies and other vermin  These came on the  th day and were all taken away on the  th day","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":182,"EventTxt":"About the  st of the  th month  which shortly after was made the  st month of the year Ex      After Moses warned them of a fifth plague  he brought it upon them the next day  This was the plague of murrain in cattle  About the  rd day  the sixth plague of boils and botches came upon man and beast  This plague came on the magicians as well  Ex        Hence wrote Justin  from Trogus Pompeius        vv The Egyptians were afflicted with the scab and sores  When they were warned by an Oracle  all  that were infected with that disease  expelled Moses out of Egypt lest the plague should spread further among the people","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":183,"EventTxt":"Note here too the sayings collected out of Diodorus Sicul        reported in Phati Bibliotheca  p","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":184,"EventTxt":"About the  th day  Moses warned them of a seventh plague which came on them on the  th day of the same month  It was a plague of thunders and rain and grievous hail  mixed with fire which ruined their flax and barley because the barley was then in the ear and the flax boiled  But their wheat and the rye were not harmed  because they were not yet out of the ground  Hence Nicolaus Fullerus        of his Miscellanies rightly observes  p     that this plague happened in the month of Abib","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":185,"EventTxt":"About the  th day Moses threatened them with an eighth plague  The next day the plague of locusts came and devoured all green plants  He removed the plague about the  th day  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":186,"EventTxt":"The month Abib  which was the  th month  was from this time on made the first month of the year  Ex         This was for a memorial of their departure out of the land of Egypt  From the beginning of this month we deduce the epochs of the Jewish Calendar  Nu        Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":187,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of this the month   which was the Thursday April  th according the Julian Calendar  was instituted the feast of the Passover and unleavened bread  The Pascal lamb was chosen and killed four days later  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":188,"EventTxt":"Moses now brings upon them the ninth plague of   days darkness  It was so dark that none of the Egyptians during that time  once left the place where they were when the darkness came  However  the Israelites had during that time  light in their dwellings  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":189,"EventTxt":"Upon the  th day  Monday  May  th  Moses spoke with Pharaoh for the last time  Moses told him of the tenth plague which should come upon him  This was the death of all the firstborn of Egypt  which came to pass the next night at midnight  Pharaoh  in a rage ordered Moses to get out of his sight and never come back again             The passover was celebrated that evening  Ex       Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"3rd Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 10:24-29","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513b AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":190,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  st month  Tuesday  May  th  at midnight  the firstborn of all Egypt were slain  Pharaoh and his servants  quickly sent away the Israelites with all their goods and the plunder which they had received from the Egyptians  Ex         It was exactly   years from the first pilgrimage of Abraham s departure from Canaan  to the day they were set free from bondage  The day after the Passover  they journeyed toward Ramesses with about     men  besides women and children           Nu     From that place the camps are recorded by Moses  From the Hebrew meanings of the words  Jerome  in writing to Fabiola  expounds symbolically  in his Treatise of their   camps  I suppose the first camp to be at Ramesses  Thus then     At Ramesses  where the Israelites were placed by Joseph  Ge        they all met who either dwelt among the Egyptians Ex     or who at that time were scattered over all Egypt to gather stubble  Ex        At Succoth  Moses first declared to them the commandments of God for the yearly keeping of the Passover and the sanctifying of the firstborn        At Etham  in the border of the wilderness  the Lord led them with a pillar of a cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night  Ex          At Pihahiroth  between Migdol and the sea  opposite Baalzephon  Pharaoh  with his host overtook them  Here Moses divided the waters with his rod and they passed through the midst of the Trythraean  or Red Sea into the desert of Etham  When Pharaoh and his army tried to follow  they were all drowned when the waters came together again  At dawn  the Israelites were completely freed from the bondage of the Egyptians  whose bodies they saw floating all over the sea and cast up on the shore     They sang a song of praise and thanksgiving to God  for their deliverance  Ex     This song Re     is called the Song of Moses and is the first song of deliverance by the Hebrews  This happened on the  st day of the first month on the last day of the feast of unleavened bread  as appointed by God  This is the general opinion of the Jews and most agreeable to truth  From there they marched three whole days through the wilderness of Etham  from Tuesday the  nd to Thursday the  th and they found no water all the way  Ex     Nu        At Marah  named from its bitter waters  the people which had gone without water three whole days  began to murmur  Moses threw into the water a piece of wood and made them drinkable  This taught the people in time to come to put their trust in God  Ex          At Elim were   fountains of water and   palm trees  They camped by the side of those fountains  Ex     Nu        This camp was by the Red Sea  Nu","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ex 12:29-31\", \"Ex 13:1-22\", \"Ex 14:26-30\")","BibBk1":"Ex","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":191,"EventTxt":"Now we come to the second month     Upon the  th   Thursday  June  th  the Israelites came to the place of their eighth camp in the wilderness of Sin  between Elyma and Sinai  Being hungry they murmured against God and their leaders  About evening  God sent them quails and the next morning rained on them manna from heaven  They lived on manna for   years  until they entered the land of promise  Ex         They camped at Dophkah     They camped at Alush      At Rephidim the people murmured again because of thirst   This place was called Meribah and Massa   Moses gave them water by striking the hard rock with his rod  Ex       This Rock followed them throughout the wilderness  Ps           ICo     De     The Amalekites attacked the rear of the Israelites who were all weary and tired from their long journey in the wilderness  They killed some of the stragglers and weakest of them  Moses sent out to fight with them Jehosua or Joshua the son of Nun his servant  Ex        His proper name was Hosea but Moses changed it to Jehosuah  Nu     or Jesus  Na     Ac     Heb     Joshua fought and defeated the Amalekites in Rephidim while Moses prayed on top of the hill  The people were commanded by God to utterly destroy and root out that whole nation  For a memorial of this battle they built an altar there","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 25:17-19\", \"Ex 17:8-16\")","BibBk1":"De","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":192,"EventTxt":"The third month     In the Desert of Sinai  the Israelites camped opposite Horeb and stayed there almost a whole year  They left the wilderness of Sinai  on the  nd day of the  nd month  of the  nd year after coming out of the land of Egypt  Nu       They came here on the same day of the  rd month  of the  st year  after coming out of Egypt  This was on the third day of the third month  Monday  June  nd  according to Fr  Ribera        de Templo  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":193,"EventTxt":"When Moses went up into the mount  God declared to him that he would renew his covenant with the Israelites  He would bind them to himself by a law and that he would favour and love all those who would observe and keep that law  This they readily agreed to  God gave them two days to prepare and sanctify themselves to receive that law  He forbid all except Moses and Aaron to approach the mount  Afterward in great majesty God came down to the mount as they all watched and trembled at the sight","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 19:1-25","BibBk1":"Ex","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":194,"EventTxt":"God proclaimed his law as contained in the ten commandments with a terrible voice        This did not make void the promise of grace made to Abraham   years before Ga","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ex 20:1-26\", \"De 5:1-33\")","BibBk1":"Ex","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":195,"EventTxt":"The people were terrified as God gave them many other laws     De       These were written in the book of the covenant Moses gave to the people  After this Moses rose early in the morning and he built an altar at the foot of the mountain  He set up   pillars according to the   tribes of Israel  He sent   young men of the firstborn  as the Chaldee paraphrases it  whom the Lord had consecrated to himself Ex     Nu           to be ministers of those holy things  Ex     This was before the Levitical priesthood was ordained  These men offered sacrifices  first for sin  and then of thanksgiving to the Lord  Moses read the book of the covenant to the people which contained the commandments found in Ex           He then took the blood of the calves and goats that were offered and with water scarlet wool and hyssop  he sprinkled the book as well as   pillars representing the   tribes of Israel  This ratified that solemn covenant between God and his people    Heb","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ex 20:21-23\", \"Ex 24:3-8\")","BibBk1":"Ex","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":196,"EventTxt":"Moses and Aaron  Nadab and Abihu and   men of the elders of Israel  went up into the mount and there beheld the glory of God  When the rest returned  Moses  with his servant Joshua  stayed there for six more days  On the seventh day God spoke to Moses and he continued there   days and   nights    This time includes those six days which he spent waiting for the Lord  During this time  he ate no meat nor drank water  De     He received God s commands concerning the construction of the tabernacle  the priests garments  their consecration  sacrifices and other things as related in Ex      Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 24:9-18","BibBk1":"Ex","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":197,"EventTxt":"The fourth month","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":198,"EventTxt":"When those   days and   nights were over  God gave Moses the two tables of the law in stone written by God s own finger  Ex     De       God ordered him to go down quickly  for the people had already made a molten calf to worship  Moses by prayer pacified God and went down from the mount  When he saw the people keeping a festival in honour of their idol in the camp  he broke the tables of the law at the foot of the mount  Ever since this  the Jews keep a solemn fast to this day on the  th day of the  th month  This has led some men into the error that the   days of Moses in the mount  are to be started from the day immediately following the giving of the ten commandments  Thus omitting altogether the intermediate time  spent in writing and reading the book of the covenant and sanctifying the covenant made between God and his people with solemn rites and ceremonies","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 24:1-18","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":199,"EventTxt":"Moses burnt and defaced the idol and the Levites killed     of the people     De","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 32:20-29","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":200,"EventTxt":"The next day Moses returned again into the mount and there again entreated the Lord for the people","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 32:30-32","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":201,"EventTxt":"He commanded them to lay aside their gorgeous apparel and to set up the tent of the congregation outside the camp  This tent was used until the tabernacle was built by Bezaleel  The people out of a deep sense of God s wrath  repented of their sins  Moses prayed that God himself should be their guide and leader in their way and not an angel  This prayer was heard  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":202,"EventTxt":"God commanded Moses to get new tables of stone and to bring them with him into the mount the next day  Moses brought them the next morning  When Moses stood in the cleft of a rock  God passed by and showed him a glimpse of his glory","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 34:1-35","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":203,"EventTxt":"Again Moses stayed another   days and   nights in the mount without meat or drink and prayed for the people  De         God was appeased and renewed his covenant with the people with certain conditions  He gave his laws again and told Moses to write them down  Again  God himself wrote the ten commandments in the tables which Moses brought to him","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 34:10-28","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":204,"EventTxt":"The sixth month","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":205,"EventTxt":"After   days  Moses returned from the mount with the tables in his hand  Because his face shone  he covered it with a vail  He proclaimed the laws of God to the people  ordering the observation of the Sabbath  He asked for a free will offering to be made toward the building of the tabernacle","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 34:1-35","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":206,"EventTxt":"So that this offering could be done in an orderly manner  all males were numbered from   years old and upward and they were found to be      According to the law prescribed by God  Ex       each contributed half a shekel  The total sum amounted to   talents of silver and   shekels Ex        Hence it is gathered  that every talent among the Jews  amounted to   shekels  every pound containing   shekels  Eze      In addition to this pole tax  from the voluntary offering was the sum of   talents of gold  and   shekels and of brass    talents and   shekels  Ex       As for other materials needed for the tabernacle  there came in more than enough and the people were commanded to stop giving","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 36:5-7","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":207,"EventTxt":"Bezaleel and Aholiab were appointed by God for the chief workmen of the tabernacle","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 31:2-6","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2513,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2513d AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":208,"EventTxt":"In the first six months of this year the tabernacle  the ark of the covenant  the altar  the table of shewbread  the priest s garments  the holy ointments  the candle sticks and other utensils and vessels belonging to the sacrifices  were finished in the desert at Mount Sinai and were brought to Moses","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 36:1-39","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2514a AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":209,"EventTxt":"God commanded Moses to      On the first day of the second month he should set up the tabernacle and furnish it with all things belonging to it Ex          He should anoint them with holy oil and should consecrate Aaron and his sons for the priesthood  Ex","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2514a AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":210,"EventTxt":"He did this but not both activities the same time  For upon the very day God appointed  he erected the tabernacle  with all things belonging to it  Ex       The second command he performed later at a time appointed by God     It took seven days for the consecration of the priests and altar","YearBCAD":-1491,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Le 8:1-13\", \"Ex 29:35-37\")","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3223,"Dating":"2514a AM, 3223 JP, 1491 BC"}
{"Index":211,"EventTxt":"On the first day of the first month  Wednesday  April  st  of the second year after they left Egypt  the tabernacle of the covenant was set up and filled with the glory of God  Ex         From it God uttered his will and commandments to Moses  These are recorded in the first   chapters of Leviticus  In the same year and first month  the Israelites  as commanded by God  celebrated the passover at the evening of the  th day   Tuesday  May  th  On this day some of the people complained to Moses and Aaron that they could not keep the passover with the rest of the congregation on the appointed day because they were unclean from touching a dead body  God made a law that all such persons should keep their passover on the  th day of the second month if they could not keep it on the day first appointed  Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":212,"EventTxt":"On the first day of the second month  Friday  May  st  God commanded Moses to take the number of all the males of the children of Israel from   years old to   by their tribes  except the Levites  He appointed the Levites for the service of the tabernacle and assigned the responsibilities for setting it up  taking it down and moving and carrying it from place to place  Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":213,"EventTxt":"The census came to     Nu       the same number as   months earlier  when they were taxed for a contribution to the building of the tabernacle  Ex","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":214,"EventTxt":"Moses  according to God s command  Ex                 anointed the tabernacle and the altar with all things in it with the holy oil  consecrating them to the Lord  He also consecrated Aaron and his four sons with the same oil and with rites and ceremonies necessary for the execution of the priestly office  He commanded them not to stay in the tabernacle for seven days  Le        This was the time required for the consecration of them and the altar     Le","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ex 29:35-37","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":215,"EventTxt":"Moses outlined the order and position of the tribes in their march and encampments Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":216,"EventTxt":"The number of Levites from one month old and upward  was found to be      Nu       The   firstborn of the Levites managed the service of God in lieu the firstborn of Israel  The number of the firstborn of the children of Israel  exceeded the whole number of the Levites  their firstborn deducted  by    Therefore they were taxed for every additional person  five shekels for redemption money","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 3:39-50","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":217,"EventTxt":"The Levites were set apart and consecrated to God for his service  Every man was appointed a certain time when he was to perform his ministry","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 8:5-26","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":218,"EventTxt":"Levites were between   and   years old  Their offices and services were assigned among them according to their families","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 4:1-49","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":219,"EventTxt":"All leprous and unclean persons were put out of the camp  The laws for restoring of damages and of jealousy were ordained","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 5:1-31","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":220,"EventTxt":"The vow  the consecration and manner of the Nazarites was instituted","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 6:1-27","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":221,"EventTxt":"Upon the  th day following the completion of the consecration  Aaron offered sacrifices and oblations  first for himself and then for all the people  All these offerings consumed by fire that fell from heaven upon them  This sign ensured belief of the people that the priestly office among them was ordained by God himself","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 9:1-24","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":222,"EventTxt":"All the tabernacle was completely set up and anointed all over  together with the utensils and things belonging to it  The altar which had been consecrated for   days  was now dedicated by Aaron by his first oblation of sacrifices made on it  The seven previous days were for expiation  or cleaning and ordained for the hallowing of the altar  Ex","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":223,"EventTxt":"The heads of the tribes brought six covered wagons and twelve oxen  and jointly offered them before the tabernacle  All this was given to the Levites  the sons of Gershon and Merari for their duties  Every day leaders of the tribes brought their various sacrifices and things belonging to the ministry of the tabernacle and offered them towards the dedication of it  This took twelve days","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 7:1-11","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":224,"EventTxt":"On this first day  Naasson   from whom David and according to the flesh  Jesus Christ himself  came and made his offering for the tribes of Judah  Then the rest  every one for his tribe  according to the order as they were ranked in their camps  made offerings  Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":225,"EventTxt":"Nadab and Abihu were Aaron s two oldest sons who had gone with their father up into the Mount Sinai and saw the glory of God there  Ex         They went into the sanctuary with strange or common fire  This was not that fire which fell from heaven  Le     and which was perpetually to be kept alive and continued for the burning of the sacrifices and incense in times to come  They were struck dead in the place by fire sent from heaven  Le       Nu              The priests were forbidden to make lamentation for them  Moreover for their neglect of duty  all the priests were ordered to abstain from wine and strong drink before they were to go into the tabernacle  A law also was made  that what was left of the sacrifices should be eaten by the priests  Aaron s excuse for not doing this was allowed by Moses","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 10:6-20","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":226,"EventTxt":"Upon this occasion the law was made  about the tenth day of this month  as it seems  that only the high priest should enter into the sanctuary once in a year  This was only to be on the day of atonement and the general fast which was to be kept on the  th day of the seventh month","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 16:1-34","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":227,"EventTxt":"On the  th of this month   Thursday  June  rd  at evening  the passover was to be celebrated by those who were unable to keep it a month earlier because of their uncleanness","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 9:1-24","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":228,"EventTxt":"By God s command  this blasphemous person  was carried out of the camp  and stoned","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 24:10-13","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":229,"EventTxt":"All the laws contained in the   last chapters of Leviticus seem to have been made in this month","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":230,"EventTxt":"God commanded two silver trumpets to be made  to call the congregation together for the times of their moving and marching and sacrificing","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 10:1-28","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":231,"EventTxt":"Jethro  who was also called Hobab  brought his daughter Zipporah  with her two sons  Gershon and Eliezer who were left with him  to Moses  his son in law  He congratulated him and the people for their deliverance from Egyptian bondage  He publicly declared both by word and deed  his faith and devotion toward the true God  By his advise  Moses delegated the government of the people to some others and ordained magistrates for the deciding of lesser issues        Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ex 18:1-27\", \"De 1:9-18\")","BibBk1":"Ex","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":232,"EventTxt":"The  th day of this month seems to have been the last day that the   leaders of the tribes made their oblations for the dedication of the altar  This day Ahira made his offering for the tribe of Naphtali  Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":233,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the second month  Wednesday  June  th  God commanded the Israelites to break camp and to start their journey to take possession of the promised land  Nu          De       Moses asked Jethro to go along with him  but he refused and returned home  Nu       Ex","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":234,"EventTxt":"The cloud rose from the tabernacle and they arranged themselves into four squadrons  or battalions and marched from Sinai  They had been there almost a year  After   days journey they came to the wilderness of Paran  Nu       where they stayed and rested for   days     At their  th camp  at a place called Kibrothhattaavah  Nu     some who murmured were struck with fire from heaven  Hence that place was called Tabor  They were saved by the intercession of Moses yet again murmured and provoked God by their loathing of manna and desiring of flesh to eat","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 11:1-10\", \"Ps 78:19-21\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":235,"EventTxt":"Moses complained to God of the great burden of this government and desired to be relieved from it  God chose   elders to help him  Two of these  Eldad and Medad  prophesied in the camp  Null","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":236,"EventTxt":"God gave the people quails for a whole month  not just for a day as he did the year before  Ex       He sent a most grievous plague among them  From the graves of those who lusted  that place was called  Kibrothhattaavah        Ps        The fourteenth camp was at Hazeroth  Nu         Miriam and Aaron spoke evil of Moses their brother because he had married a woman of Ethiopia  Zipporah his wife was from Madian  which was a part of the Eastern Ethiopia  otherwise called Arabia  They made themselves equal in all points with him  God honoured Moses more than they and struck Miriam with leprosy  She was sent outside of the camp  At the prayer of Moses  she was healed after seven days     De","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 11:31-34\", \"Ps 78:26-31\", \"Nu 12:1-15\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514c AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":237,"EventTxt":"Miriam was cleansed some time during the  th month  After she returned to camp  the Israelites left that place     They camped in Hazeroth  in the desert of Paran  Nu         near Kadeshbarnea  Nu","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":238,"EventTxt":"On the fifth month","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":239,"EventTxt":"From the wilderness of Paran  Nu     or Kadeshbarnea  Nu     De           Jos     at the time of ripened grapes  God commanded Moses to send   spies from every tribe Nu   l  to thoroughly spy out the land  Moses and the people were agreeable to this plan  De       Among these men was   year old Caleb  the son of Jephunneh  of the tribe of Judah  Jos     and Oshea  the son of Nun  whom Moses called Joshua  from the tribe of Ephraim  These men entered the land from the south by the desert of Sin  passing through to the very northern part to Rehob  Nu       De","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":240,"EventTxt":"The sixth month","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":241,"EventTxt":"The spies spent   days in searching out the land and returned to Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran  They brought one branch of a vine with a cluster of grapes on it gathered from the valley of Eshcol  This valley was named for its pomegranates and figs     De       This likely happened before the  th month before the feast of tabernacles  This feast was kept on the  th day of that month when the fruits of the barn and winepress  were always gathered  Ex     Le     De     Ten of the twelve men spoke ill of the country and its barrenness  magnifying the city s strength and the giants living there  This discouraged the people from marching any further toward it  However  Caleb did all he could  to persuade the people to go on","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 13:23-27\", \"Nu 13:28-33\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":242,"EventTxt":"The people were terrified by the report made by the rest and threatened to return again to Egypt  They were ready to stone Caleb and Joshua for their conflicting report  When God threatened the people with sudden destruction  Moses again prayed and their lives were spared  However  God declared that all of them who were over   years old would die in the wilderness and would never see the promised land but wander in the wilderness for forty years                        Jos              Their children entered the promised land in the  th year  Nu     De","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 14:1-35\", \"De 1:26-36\", \"Ps 95:8-11\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":243,"EventTxt":"God destroyed the   rebellious spies by sudden death  Nu       In memory of this event  the Jews keep a fast on the seventh day of the sixth month  called Elul","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":244,"EventTxt":"God commanded them to break camp and return back into the desert near the Red Sea  Instead they disobeyed him by going forward into the mountain and were pursued all the way to Hormah and defeated by the Amalekites and Canaanites  Therefore they sat down and wept before the Lord  but he would not hear them","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 14:40-45\", \"De 1:40-45\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":245,"EventTxt":"After this incident  as the Israelites continued to die in the wilderness  Moses composed the  th Psalm  Lord thou hast been our refuge   c  He also showed that the normal age of men was reduced to   or   years  Therefore","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":246,"EventTxt":"The age of man was shortened to a third of what it was before","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2514d AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":247,"EventTxt":"The Israelites continued in Kadesh many days  De     For whether it was for a day  a month  or a year  as long as the cloud continued over the tabernacle  the camp did not move  Nu     In some places the camp stayed for many years since in the   years there were only   camps mentioned  After leaving Kadesh  they returned into the wilderness toward the Red Sea and camped around the hill country of Seir many days  De     Jud     The   camps for this time in the wilderness of Seir were mentioned in the  rd chapter of Numbers in this order   th at Rimmonparez  th at Libnah  thatRissah  th at Kehelathah  th at Mount Shapher  statHaradah  nd at Makheloth  rd at Thahash  th at Thara  th at Mithcah  th at Hashmonah  th at Moseroth  th at Benehaajan  or Beeroth Bene Jaakan of the well of the sons of Jaakan De      th at Horhagidgad  or Gudgodah  De      th at Jotbathah  a place full of springs of water  De      st was Ebronah  nd was Eziongaber  which is near to Eloth and by the shore of the Red Sea  in the land of Edom IKi","YearBCAD":-1490,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3224,"Dating":"2515a AM, 3224 JP, 1490 BC"}
{"Index":248,"EventTxt":"The only mention of these camps are the laws and historical events as recorded in Nu                 A man was stoned by God s command for gathering sticks on the Sabbath  Although the sacrifices were omitted in the wilderness  yet the Sabbath was kept        Korah  Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron  They were swallowed alive into the earth  When   of their associates offered incense  God destroyed them by fire  God commanded their censors to be taken and used for a covering for the alter  This was for a memorial of them to the children of Israel  The people murmured against Moses and Aaron for this calamity and God killed   of them     Nu       The twelve rods were brought by the twelve princes and laid in the sanctuary  Aaron s rod was the only one that budded and brought forth almonds  It was set before the ark  for a warning against any future rebellions","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 15:1-41\", \"Nu 16:1-50\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":249,"EventTxt":"All these events are thought to have happened in the later half of the second year after they left the land of Egypt  Moses wrote only what happened in the first two years and the last year of their travel in the wilderness  For the intervening events of those   years see Abulensis  upon Numb  cap    Quast","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":250,"EventTxt":"The scriptures also show that the time  which the Israelites spent in travelling from Kadeshbarnea  till they passed the vale  or brook Zedad  was half a year after they moved from their  nd camp  Another half year elapsed before they passed the river Jordan making up the full   years  During this time  all those ungodly rebels perished","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"De 2:14-16","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":251,"EventTxt":"For the first   years the Israelites spent in the wilderness  Armais governed in Egypt and Sethosis invaded the East  Both were brothers and sons of Amenophis who drowned in the Red Sea as before noted in the item under   AM  Manetho in his Egyptiaca  mentioned by Josephus in his first book against Apion  wrote  vv Sethosis was well equipped with cavalry and ships and made his brother Armais ruler over all Egypt  He let Armais use all power and authority there except he was not to wear a crown and he charged him not to dishonour his wife the Queen and mother of his children  Armais was also told to abstain from all other concubines of the king  Sethosis himself however made war in Cyprus and Phoenicia and against the Assyrians and the Medes  Some of these he subdued by his powerful army and others he overtook merely caused by the terror his reputation  Puffed up with this great success near home  he went on with greater confidence to ravage and spoil all the kingdoms and countries of the East  A few years after he was gone  Armais whom he left in Egypt  having no fear  did everything the king commanded him not to do  First  he misused the queen and lay continually with the king s concubines  Later  he followed the advice of his friends and wore the crown  plainly rebelling against his brother","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":252,"EventTxt":"Thus Manetho adds  vv Armais  was Danausand Sethosis was also called Egyptus","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":253,"EventTxt":"and that Egypt was named after him  Ramesses  was named after his grandfather showing that these similar names and events reveal that Tacitus calls him Rhamses and Herodotus  Sesostris  Tacitus says  VV A king called Rhamses  conquered all Libya  Ethiopia  the Medes and Persians  Bactria  Scythia and all the lands which the Syrians and Armenians and the Cappadocians held along with Bithynia and Lycia  by the Mediterranean Sea","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":254,"EventTxt":"Tacitus records him under the name of Rhamses  Regarding Sesostris  Herodotus in his second book writes that their Egyptian priests say  vv He was the first  to bring all nations bordering the Red Sea under his subjection sailing by way of the Arabian gulf  He came back the same way and gathered a mighty army  Marching into the continent of Asia  he subdued all the nations which stood in his way  Leaving Asia he crossed into Europe and conquered the Scythians and Thracians  It seems he went no further because the marks and monuments of his name and victories are found in Palestine of Syria  Two monuments are in Ionia  one at Ephesus  as you go into Phoencea  another one is on the way leading from Sardis to Smyrna","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":255,"EventTxt":"A similar report comes from Diodorus Siculus  of Sesoosis       but he makes him far more ancient than this  The age of his brother Danaus proves that he was contemporary with Moses  Manetho and Diodorus record the timing of these events nearly the same  They indicate that at the time all foreigners were expelled from Egypt  Danaus and Cadmus  with their companies came into Greece and Moses with his company went into Judea  This we find in the Selections of Phoisus  For the better understanding this   year period we include events from Eusebius in his Tables as follows","YearBCAD":-1489,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2515,"JulPer":3225,"Dating":"2515 AM, 3225 JP, 1489 BC"}
{"Index":256,"EventTxt":"Egypt  which was formerly called Aeria  was named after Egyptus who was there made king after the expulsion of his brother  Danaus  Our account varies only two years from that of Eusibius for","YearBCAD":-1484,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2520,"JulPer":3230,"Dating":"2520 AM, 3230 JP, 1484 BC"}
{"Index":257,"EventTxt":"Egyptus was also called Ramesses and Sesostris and Sesoosis  After spending   years in many voyages and foreign wars   as Diodorus Siculus states in his first book  he returned to Pelusium  During this time Armais  who was also called Danaus ruled over Egypt  He first attempted to poison his brother Egyptus at a banquet provided for him but failed in the attempt as both Herodotus       c     and also Diodorus Siculus       p      in the Greek and Latin edition of him  testifies  At which time he fled for fear of his brother from the kingdom which he had in Egypt and came into Greece   as Georgius Syncillus states in the Greek Eusebius  published by Scanger  page","YearBCAD":-1482,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2522,"JulPer":3232,"Dating":"2522 AM, 3232 JP, 1482 BC"}
{"Index":258,"EventTxt":"When Danaus came into Greece  he made himself ruler of Argos and made it abound with waters  Danaus by his   daughters  destroyed the   sons of his brother Egyptus except only his son Lynceus who reigned after him at Argos","YearBCAD":-1474,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2530,"JulPer":3240,"Dating":"2530 AM, 3240 JP, 1474 BC"}
{"Index":259,"EventTxt":"Busiris the son of Neptunus and Libya the daughter of Epaphus  were joint tyrants in the area next to the Nile river  He barbarously murdered all strangers who passed that way and fell into his hands  Ovid   lib     de Tristi   asked who was more cruel than Busiris  Virgil      Georg   queried who had not heard of Eurystheus  hard heart  The altars by the unworthy Busiris reared were indeed unworthy to be defended  Much more unworthy he was to have been commended by any man  which yet was his lot to be  according to Socrates the orator  in his  Busiridis Encomium  On this  as after him  also Eusebius did  state that he was the son of Libya  the daughter of Epaphus and Neptunus  Note that this Ramesses  surnamed Myamun   of whom I spake  in the year of the world    was by mythological writers  surnamed Neptunus and was the man who commanded the new born infants of the Hebrews to be drowned  He had two sons  Amenopis  i e  Belus of Egypt  the father of Egyptus and Danaus   He was that enemy of the Almighty God and was drowned in the Red Sea with his army  He had a son Busiris who was so infamous for butchering strangers   a fitting offspring for such a father  that succeeded him  On this from A  Gellio        c     that the poets were inclined to call men who were barbarous  cruel and devoid of humanity  the sons of Neptune who was born of that merciless element  the sea","YearBCAD":-1471,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2533,"JulPer":3243,"Dating":"2533 AM, 3243 JP, 1471 BC"}
{"Index":260,"EventTxt":"According to Eusebius in these times Tat the son of Hermes Trismegistes lived  The Egyptians say that Sesostris learned his wisdom from this Hermes   Elian        Var  Histor  c","YearBCAD":-1461,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2543,"JulPer":3253,"Dating":"2543 AM, 3253 JP, 1461 BC"}
{"Index":261,"EventTxt":"Cadmus and Phenix went from Thebez in Egypt into Syria and founded the kingdom in Tyre and Sidon  Eusib  Chron","YearBCAD":-1455,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2549,"JulPer":3259,"Dating":"2549 AM, 3259 JP, 1455 BC"}
{"Index":262,"EventTxt":"After the Israelites had wandered around the hill country of Seir and Edom for   years  they went from Kadeshbarnea to Eziongaber in Edom  Travelling from the north to the south to the shore of the Red Sea  God then commanded them to turn northward and march straight for the land of promise  When the land of Edom lay directly in their way  he ordered them that they should not fight with the Edomites because they were brothers  God told them how great was his providence and care toward them in preserving them for   years in the wilderness    He used the round number of   for the actual time of   years","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"De 2:1-7","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552b AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":263,"EventTxt":"In the first month of the  th year  after they left Egypt  the Israelites came into the wilderness of Zin and camped there     They camped at Kadesh Nu           Jud     of Zin  near the border of Edom  Nu       towards Eziongaber and the Red Sea  This was not at Kadeshbarnea  where they made their  th camp and which lay near the border of Canaan  toward the south  Nu     Jos","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":264,"EventTxt":"Miriam died Nu     here   months before her brother Aaron  and     months before her brother Moses  She was the oldest of the three and lived   years as appears  Ex       so that she was a pretty mature maiden when Moses was born  This was noted before upon the year of the world     The Jews to this very day keep the memory of her death upon the tenth of the first month","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":265,"EventTxt":"Again the people complained to Moses and Aaron for lack of water  God commanded to call water out of the hard rock  only by speaking to it  Through impatience and diffidence to God s command  Moses spoke something unadvisedly with his lips and struck the rock twice with Aaron s rod  This was the rod that budded and blossomed  He drew water from it as he had drawn out of another rock    years earlier  Ex     For this occasion the place was called Meribah  or waters of strife      For it is most likely  that the former water  which Tertullian called  Aquam Comtiem  the water that followed them   mentioned in the eleventh encampment  was swallowed up in the Red Sea  In this second time of want of water  the children complained just like their fathers did many years before","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 20:2-13","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":266,"EventTxt":"Moses and Aaron for their diffidence and unbelief in executing the commandment of God were not allowed to enter into the land of Canaan  Nu           Ps","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":267,"EventTxt":"The Israelites sent messengers to the Edomites and Moabites asking to pass through their land  They refused to let them pass through their countries     Jud     but allowed them to pass along their borders  De         On this occasion  they stayed a while at Kadesh  Jud     then went forward again     The  th camp was in mount Hor  on the borders of Edom  Nu       or Mosera  De      To this place the Israelites are said to have come when they left Beeroth Bene Jaakan  or the wells of the sons of Jaakan  their  th camp  They camped in Gudgodah  or Horhagidgad  Jotbath and other places  For it is said  De     that from there they came to Gudgodah and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah  These words from there are not to be understood of Mosera  but of Beeroth  as many learned men have long since noted on this passage","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 20:14-20","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":268,"EventTxt":"The Israelites mourned for Aaron   days  Nu     this is the whole month when he died","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":269,"EventTxt":"On the sixth month  the king of Arad  who dwelt on the southern part of Canaan  after hearing of the Israelites approach  went and fought against them taking many of them prisoners  For this they vowed  a vow to God and when they defeated them  they destroyed them and their cities  Because of this  that place was called Hormah  i e  the place where that vow was made of utterly destroying the Canaanites","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 31:1-3","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":270,"EventTxt":"They left mount Hor  avoiding the plain country that led from Elath  and Eziongaber and the Red Sea straight into Edom  They went around Edom and came to the east side of it Nu     De     and there they made another camp     They camped at Zalmonah  Nu     named for the brazen serpent set up there  The people murmured because of the fierce serpents sent among them by God   Not a little worm  breeding in their flesh  as Fortunius Licentus  in his third book  de spontanco Viventium ortu  c     imagines   These poisoned them with their bite  They were healed by looking upon the image of a brazen serpent that God appointed to be set up on a pole    Jo s       Co        They camped at Punon  Nu        They camped at Oboth  Nu            They camped at Ijeabarim on the borders of Moab Nu     in that desert which lies to the east of Moab Nu     and is called the desert of Moab  De     For  they continued their march through that wilderness and came to the east of Moab  Jud","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 21:5-9","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":271,"EventTxt":"And when they left there to pass by the valley or brook of Zared  God forbade them to make war upon Moab  Nu     De","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":272,"EventTxt":"They passed over Zared    years after the sending of their spies from Kadeshbarnea","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":273,"EventTxt":"All those over   years old who rebelled against God there  had died  De        They camped at Dibongad Nu        They camped at Almondiblathaim  Nu     also called Bethdiblathaim  in the wilderness of Moab  Jer   Eze","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2552,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2552c AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":274,"EventTxt":"When the Israelites were passing the borders of Moab  at Ar and approaching the country of the Ammonites  God forbade them to make any war upon the Ammonites  De         He commanded them to pass over the river Arnon  which at that time was the boundary between Moab and Ammon  De     Nu     They camped at Arnon and never entered the territory of Moab  De     Nu     Jud","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":275,"EventTxt":"Next they arrived at Beer  where the well was which the princes and nobles of the people  with Moses their law giver  had dug with their staves  They came to Matthan  Nahaliel  Bamoth and the valley  which is in the country of the Moabites  at the entrance of the hill which looks toward the wilderness    of Kedemoth  De     Here they camped     They camped at Abarim opposite Nebo  Nu     As for Maanah and the other places  these were not camps  as Tremellius observes in Nu      but only places through which they passed on their march before Moses sent messengers to the Amorites  The Chaldee paraphrases does not take them for proper place names  but only as titles  They interpret them of the waters of the well  as the Rock  ICo      which followed the Israelites to the brooks and from the brooks to the mountains and from the mountains to the valley of the Moabites","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 21:16-20","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":276,"EventTxt":"From the wilderness of Kedemoth Moses sent messengers to Sihon the Amorite  king of Heshbon  He asked permission to pass peacefully through his borders  as the Edomites and Moabites had done  because that was a short cut to the fords of Jordan  When he denied them passage and made war upon them  the Israelites slew Sihon and possessed all his cities and dwelt in them","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 2:24-36\", \"Nu 21:21-31\", \"Jud 1:19-22\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":277,"EventTxt":"Moses sent his spies to Jazer which they conquered with the towns associated with it  They expelled the Amorites from there  from the river of Arnon which is the bound of Moab  Nu         to the brook of Jabbok which divides it from Ammon  De     Jos         They never meddled with the country lying next to the river Jabbok  neither with any of the lands belonging at that time to the children of Ammon of Moab  as God had commanded them  De         Therefore    years later when the Ammonites complained that the Israelites had taken their land from Jabbok to Arnon and even to the brooks of the river Jordan  Jephthah correctly answered them that this was not true  They had not meddled with the lands  either of the Moabites or the Ammonites  When they had slain Sihon  they took all the lands belonging to the Amorites  from the river Arnon  to Jabbok  and possessed it as their own inheritance  Jud           It was also true that Sihon king of the Amorites had formerly taken from Vaheb king of the Moabites  Heshbon and all that country of his to Arnon  Nu     Also he had taken from the Ammonites  half their country even to Arnon which lay opposite Rabbah  De        All that land belonged formerly to the Ammonites and later was taken from the Amorites and assigned to the tribe of Gad to dwell in  Jos","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":278,"EventTxt":"When the children of Israel marched on their way to Bashan  Og king of Bashan  one of the giants  met and fought with them at Edrei  He and all his people were utterly destroyed  The Israelites possessed all his country which included   cities and all the land as far as Argob        Am","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 3:1-11\", \"Nu 21:33-35\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":279,"EventTxt":"Jair  son of Manasseh seized all the country of Argob  stretching to the borders of the Geshurites and Mahacathites and called them Havothjair  after his own name Nu     De     This Manasseh was the son of Segub  of the tribe of Judah  However  he was counted among the Manassites both in respect to the inheritance he had among them and also in reference to his grandmother  She was the daughter of Machir of the tribe of Manasseh  He was the father of Gilead who bore Segub the father of this Jair  to Hezron when he was   years old  ICh       This passage states that this Jair possessed   cities in the land of Gilead  He took Geshur and Aram  according to the best expositors  with the villages of Jair and Kenath with its villages    cities in all  Nobah who was under him took Kenath with its villages and called it Nobah after his own name  Nu","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":280,"EventTxt":"After these victories the Israelites left the mountains of Abarim  They camped in the plain of Moab on this side of the ford of Jordan  which led to Jericho from Bethjeshimoth to Abelshittim  Nu              They camped at Shittim  Nu     or Abelshittim Nu      Here they stayed until Joshua lead them to the bank of Jordan  Jos","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":281,"EventTxt":"Balak the son of Zippor was the king of Moab  When he saw what the Israelites had done to the Amorites  he was afraid lest under the pretence of passing through his country  they would also take his kingdom from him  Therefore  after taking counsel with the princes of the Midianites who were his neighbours  he sent for Balaam the son of Beor  Balaam was a soothsayer from Mesopotamia  Balak asked him to come and curse the Israelites and promised him a large reward for his labour  He intended afterward to make war upon the Israelites    De     Jos","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 21:1-6","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":282,"EventTxt":"Balaam was warned of God and at first refused to come  When he was sent for a second time  he pleaded with God to let him go and went intending to curse Israel  God was offended by his intentions and made the dumb ass on which he was riding to speak in a man s voice to reprove his folly      Pe","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 22:7-35","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":283,"EventTxt":"Balaam  offered sacrifices twice and attempted to curse Israel  to gratify Balak but being forced by the Spirit of God  he instead ended up blessing them  He foretold what good fortune was with them and what calamities should befall their enemies       De     Jos","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 23:1-24","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":284,"EventTxt":"By Balaam s advice  the women of Moab and Midian were sent to turn the Israelites away and to make them commit idolatry with them        De     Ps     Re     Therefore  God commanded Moses  first to hang all the leaders of this rebellion  He then gave orders to the judges  to put to death all who had joined themselves to Baalpeor  Finally  God sent a plague upon the people  in which     men died in one day  ICo     This number plus those who were hanged and killed with the sword was      Nu","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 25:1-3","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":285,"EventTxt":"Phinehas the son of Eleazar killed Zimri  the son of Salu  chief of his father s family of the tribe of Simeon  He also slew Cozbi the daughter of Sur a prince of the Midianites  This appeased the wrath of God and the plague was ended     Ps     Therefore God assigned for ever the high priesthood to the house of Phinehas  He commanded them to make war against the Midianites  Nu","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 25:1-18","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":286,"EventTxt":"God commanded Moses and Eleazar to count the people   or more years old  This was done in the plain of Moab  near to Jordan  opposite Jericho  The number of men was     in addition to the Levites      Levites were counted who were at least a month or more old  Moses received God s command for the division of the land of promise among the Israelites","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 26:1-63","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":287,"EventTxt":"The daughters of Zelophehad had their father s land divided among them because there was no male heir  Because of this situation  the law of inheritances was made","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Nu 11:1-11","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":288,"EventTxt":"God told Moses that he was about to die and Joshua was to be his successor  Moses laid his hands upon him and gave him instructions        Various laws were then made  De","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 27:12-23\", \"De 3:26-28\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":289,"EventTxt":"of the Israelites lead by Phinehas  defeated the Midianites and slew all their males including their   princes and Sur the father of Cozbi  All were under the subjection of Sihon the Amorite while he lived  Balaam the wizard was killed when he should have returned into his country of Mesopotamia  Nu     Instead he stayed and died with the Midianites    Jos       From the females  only the virgins were spared","YearBCAD":-1452,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 31:1-8\", \"Nu 31:9-54\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3262,"Dating":"2553a AM, 3262 JP, 1452 BC"}
{"Index":290,"EventTxt":"The lands which belonged to Sihon and Og  Moses divided and gave to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh                   This was from the river Arnon  to mount Hermon  which is also called Shenir and Sirion  and Sion  and joins upon Anti Lebanon  De           Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 32:1-42\", \"De 3:12-20\", \"Jos 13:8-12\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":291,"EventTxt":"When the Israelites were going into the land of Canaan  God commanded them to drive out the Canaanites and destroy their idols     They were to divide the land west of Jordan among the nine remaining tribes and the other half tribe of Manasseh  Nu        Of the   cities of the Levites and the   cities of refuge  Nu         three were assigned by Moses on the east of Jordan","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Nu 33:50-56\", \"De 4:41-43\")","BibBk1":"Nu","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":292,"EventTxt":"Moses addressed Israel on the  th day of the    th month  Saturday  February  th  in the  th year after their departure out of Egypt in the plain of Moab  This is recorded in De","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":293,"EventTxt":"Moses  with the elders of Israel  commanded the people that after their passage over Jordan they should set up large stones  These were to be plastered and the ten commandments written on them  They were to speak the blessings from Mount Gerizim and the curses from Mount Ebal     He exhorted them to observe the law of God by setting before them the benefits of obedience and the miseries that would happen to them for their disobedience","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 27:1-26\", \"De 28:1-68\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":294,"EventTxt":"God commanded Moses to renew the covenant between God and them  and their children in mount Horeb  Moses again attempted to persuade them to keep that covenant hedged in by all the blessings and curses which would accrue to the keepers or breakers of it     He gave a promise of pardon and deliverance  if at any time  when they broke it  they should repent  He stated that God had declared his will to them so that no one who broke the law should plead ignorance of the law","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 29:1-29\", \"De 30:1-20\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":295,"EventTxt":"When Moses wrote this law  he gave it to the priests the sons of Levi and the elders of the people to be observed  When he finished the book of the law  he ordered it to be put in the ark     The same day he wrote his song and taught it to the children of Israel","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 31:1-30\", \"De 32:1-52\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":296,"EventTxt":"Just before Moses died  he blessed every tribe with a prophecy  except the tribe of Simeon  His last will and testament is contained in","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"De 32:1-52","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":297,"EventTxt":"In the  th month of this year  Moses left the plain of Moab and climbed up Mount Nebo which was a part of the country of Abarim  From the top of it facing Jericho  he beheld all the land of promise and then died at the age of   years  Nu                               Of this time he spent   years less a month in governing the people of Israel  This is confirmed by Josephus  in the end of his  th book of antiquities  He states that Moses died on the first day of the last month of the year  The Macedonians called the month Dystrus but the Hebrews called it Adar  This fits better with the account of historians who wrote shortly thereafter than with the tradition of the Jews of later times  These historians say that he died upon the  th of Adar  as in Sedar Olam Rabba  c     in his hryjp book of the death of Moses  In the preface of Maimonides to the book  called Misnaioth this is mentioned also  In the calendars of the Jews of this time this appears  They still celebrate the memorial of his death by a solemn fast on this day","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"De 3:23-29","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":298,"EventTxt":"God moved the body of Moses from the place where he died  into a valley of the land of Moab  opposite Bethpeor and buried him there  No one knows where the grave of Moses is to this day  De     This valley was in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites which the Israelites took from him  De     Bethpeor was given to the Reubenites  Jos     Therefore  Moses is said to have been buried in the land of Moab  Likewise De      the covenant is said to have been renewed in the land of Moab  It is to be understood that this land formerly did belong to the Moabites but was recently taken from them by Sihon king of the Amorites  Nu     This land was now possessed by the Israelites","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":299,"EventTxt":"The archangel Michael Jude     disputed with the devil over the body of Moses  The Devil wanted to expose the body that it might become an object of idolatry to the people of Israel  Chrysostrome in his  st Homily on Matthew and Thodores  on Deuteronomy  Quest     and Procopius Gazans  on Deuteronomy and others state this  Though no where do we find that the Jews ever gave themselves to the worshipping of relics  This dispute between Michael and the devil about the body of Moses is found in the apocryphal book called The Assumption of Moses  We read this in Origen peziazcat  lib    c      in Gelasius Cyricenu  in the Acts of the Council of Nice  part     c     and similar stories are found in xwba of Rabbi Nathan","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":300,"EventTxt":"The Israelites mourned for Moses in the land of Moab    days for the whole  th month  De","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":301,"EventTxt":"Here ends the Pentateuch  or the five books of Moses  containing the history of   and a half years from the beginning of the world  The book of Joshua begins with the  st year after the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553b AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":302,"EventTxt":"The first month","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":303,"EventTxt":"God confirmed the leadership of Joshua  He sent spies from Shittim to the city of Jericho  which were hidden by Rahab in an inn  These were secretly sent away when they were searched for  They hid three days in the mountain and then returned to Joshua","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 2:1-24","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":304,"EventTxt":"Joshua commanded the people that in addition to the manna which had not yet ceased  they should take other provisions with them  In three days they were to pass over Jordan Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":305,"EventTxt":"The next morning  they left Shittim and came to the river Jordan  They camped there that night  Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":306,"EventTxt":"Three days later they were instructed to provide food for the journey  The people were commanded to sanctify and prepare themselves to pass over Jordan on the next day","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 3:2-5","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":307,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the first month   Friday  April  th   the same day that the Pascal lamb was to be chosen out of the flock  Joshua  a type of Christ  led the Israelites through the river Jordan into the promised land of Canaan  a type of that heavenly country   God divided the waters and they passed through the river dryshod  Normally in that season  the waters would overflow the banks  For a memorial of this miraculous passage  Joshua set up twelve stones in the very channel of Jordan  They took another twelve stones from out of the middle of the river and set them up at Gilgal  where they next camped","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 3:1-4","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":308,"EventTxt":"The next day  Joshua renewed the use of circumcision in Gilgal  which had been neglected for   years  There the people rested and stayed until they were well again","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 5:2-9","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":309,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the first month  Tuesday  May  th  in the evening  the Israelites celebrated their first passover in the land of Canaan  Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":310,"EventTxt":"The next day was passover   Wednesday  May  th  They ate of the produce of the land of Canaan  unleavened bread and roasted grain  The manna stopped the very day after they began to live off of the produce of the land  Never again did the children of Israel see manna  That year they lived on the fruits of the land of Canaan  Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":311,"EventTxt":"Our Lord Jesus  the Captain of his Father s Host  appeared to Joshua   the type of Jesus   before Jericho with a drawn sword in his hand  Jesus there promised to defend his people","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 5:13-15","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":312,"EventTxt":"The Ark of God was carried around Jericho for seven days  On the  th day  the walls of Jericho fell down flat when the priests blew their trumpets  The city was taken and utterly destroyed  All were killed except for Rahab and her family     Later she married Salmon of the tribe of Judah and they had a son called Boaz  Mt","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 6:1-27","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":313,"EventTxt":"For the sacrilege of Achan God abandoned Israel and they were defeated at Ai  Achan s sin was determined by the casting of lots and he was found guilty  God was appeased when he and his family and cattle were stoned and burnt with fire     Ai was taken by an ambush and utterly destroyed      men of Ai were killed in the battle","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jos 7:1-26\", \"Jos 8:1-29\")","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":314,"EventTxt":"According to the law  in Mount Ebal an altar was erected for sacrifices  The ten commandments were engraved on it  The blessings and cursings were repeated in Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim  The book of the law was read to all the people","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 8:30-35","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":315,"EventTxt":"The kings of Canaan were stirred by this great success of the Israelites  They all united against Israel except the Gibeonites  These craftily found a way to save their own lives by making a league with Israel  However later they were assigned to do the work associated with the house of God","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 9:1-27","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":316,"EventTxt":"When Adonizedek  king of Jerusalem  with the kings of Hebron  Jarmuth  Lachish and Debir heard that Gibeon allied themselves with Israel  they united their forces and besieged Gibeon  When Joshua raised the siege  he pursued those five kings slaughtering their troops as far as Azekah and Makkedah  At this time the sun stood still over Gibeon and the moon over the valley of Ajalon for almost a whole day until the Israelites were fully avenged of their enemies     On this account Laurentius Codomannu observes two things","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 10:1-14","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":317,"EventTxt":"First  since Ajalon was less than a mile west of Gibeon  it is very likely that the moon was then past the full and close to a new moon","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":318,"EventTxt":"Second  since both those great lights stopped and started together  the astronomical account of this is not invalidated by this event  Even as in music  the harmony is not broken  nor do the voices clash if they all rest at the same time and then begin again  each man playing his part until the end of the piece","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":319,"EventTxt":"The five kings hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah and Joshua commanded the entrance to be blocked with stones and a guard set up until the enemies were defeated  After the enemies fled into fortified cities and when all the army was safely returned to Joshua at Makkedah  the stones were removed  The five kings were taken from the cave and each of the captains of the host was bidden to put his foot upon their necks  The kings were hung on five trees until evening and then their bodies were thrown into the same cave and the mouth of the cave blocked with stones  Jos","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":320,"EventTxt":"And thus ended that most busy year of the world     In the first six months Moses conquered all that land east of Jordan  The rest of the year Joshua conquered most of the land west of Jordan  In the middle of the year the manna ceased and the people of Israel began to live off the food in the land of Canaan","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2553,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2553c AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":321,"EventTxt":"From the autumn of this year after the manna stopped  the Israelites began to till the ground and sow it  This year was to be reckoned the first year of their tillage  The sabbatical years are reckoned from this year  Ex","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Le 25:2-7\", \"De 15:1-9\")","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2554,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2554a AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":322,"EventTxt":"When the five kings were defeated  all the rest of the kings united and fought against the Israelites  Joshua fought against them for six years","YearBCAD":-1451,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 11:1-18","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2554,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3263,"Dating":"2554a AM, 3263 JP, 1451 BC"}
{"Index":323,"EventTxt":"Joshua was now grown old  He was commanded by God to divide all the land west of Jordan among the nine remaining tribes and the other half tribe of Manasseh    He first divided the land of Gilgal   where the tabernacle of God then was and the army then stayed  among the tribes of Judah and Ephraim and the half tribe of Manasseh  Jos            At this time Caleb the son of Jephunneh    years after the time that he was sent to spy out the land by Moses  desired to have Hebron with the mountain countries of Judah  This was assigned to him for his part in undertaking to expel the Anakims from there  Jos","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 13:1-7","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":324,"EventTxt":"Tremellius observed correctly that Joshua did not permit Caleb and his company to take Hebron alone but he went with the army to take it  When Hebron was conquered  Joshua gave Caleb the adjoining lands and villages  Joshua set apart the city with its common lands for a city of refuge and for the priests     I   Neither Hebron or Debir were yet taken by the Israelites  though both were within the inheritance assigned to Caleb  The Anakims were not expelled from there       Hence the passages in         seem to be refer to this place because the subject matter is the same","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jos 21:11-13\", \"Ch 6:55-57\", \"Jos 14:1-15\", \"Jos 10:28-11\", \"Jud 1:9-15\")","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":325,"EventTxt":"When the children of Judah and Joseph were settled in their possessions according to their tribes  a large part of the land of Canaan still remained in the hands of the Gentiles  Before dividing up more land  Joshua took the army from Gilgal and attacked Makkedah and Libnah and utterly destroyed the kings and people of both these cities","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 10:28-30","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":326,"EventTxt":"From there he marched with his army to Lachish and took it after a two day battle  All the inhabitants were killed  When Horam king of Gezer came to help Lachish  Joshua defeated him and killed all his people  Joshua then marched to Eglon and took it the same day and killed its inhabitants","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 10:31-35","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":327,"EventTxt":"After this Joshua with all Israel went up from Eglon to Hebron and took it  He killed the new king of it  for the old one was hanged six years before  The inhabitants of Hebron with all its cities were killed  Jos       Caleb also expelled the three giants  the sons of Anak  Sheshai  Ahiman and Talmai  Jos     These giants were among the reasons Israel refused to enter the land   years earlier  Nu","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":328,"EventTxt":"Joshua with the army marched from the south of Canaan to Debir  Jos     which formerly was called Kirjathsepher  Here Caleb had proclaimed that whoever took it should have his daughter for a wife  His first cousin Othniel the son of Kenaz took it and married his daughter Achsah  Her dowry was a piece of land with its springs  Jos       Jud       When Othniel took the city he killed the inhabitants and their new king  The previous king was hanged with the rest  six years earlier  Jos","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":329,"EventTxt":"Joshua destroyed all the hill country  all the south parts  plain and valley and all their kings  from Kadeshbarnea  to Gaza and all the country of Goshen   which was in the lot of the tribe of Judah  as far as Gibeon  All these kings and all their lands Joshua took at one time in one expedition for God himself fought for Israel  When this was done  he and the host of Israel returned to Gilgal","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 10:40-43","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":330,"EventTxt":"The rest of the kings united their forces and came to the waters of Merom to fight with Israel  Joshua  in a surprise attack  defeated and slew them  He took all their land    from the mountain which goes to Seir which is the frontier of Edom  to Baalgad in the valley of Lebanon beside the hill of Hermon  Jos","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 11:1-16","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":331,"EventTxt":"Then Joshua expelled the giants  the Anakims from their cities  the hill countries  Hebron  Debir  Anab and generally from the mountains of Judah and all Israel  Hebron was taken by the tribe of Judah  Jud","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":332,"EventTxt":"When the whole land was conquered  the next year he divided it among the children of Israel according to their tribes  The land rested from war  Jos","YearBCAD":-1446,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2559,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3268,"Dating":"2559a AM, 3268 JP, 1446 BC"}
{"Index":333,"EventTxt":"The first Sabbatical year they kept was the seventh year from the first year when they began tilling the ground in Canaan  Joshua  a type of Jesus  had brought them into this place of rest  which was a type of that Sabbath and rest which the true Jesus was to give to God s people  Heb     From this time is reckoned the years of Jubilee  which was every fifty years","YearBCAD":-1445,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 25:8-13","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3269,"Dating":"2560a AM, 3269 JP, 1445 BC"}
{"Index":334,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the month   Saturday  November  th  according to the law  the Levites kept the feast of tabernacles in booths made from boughs of trees  Le       This was done more solemnly than in the later times of the judges and kings Ne","YearBCAD":-1445,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3269,"Dating":"2560a AM, 3269 JP, 1445 BC"}
{"Index":335,"EventTxt":"God was now about to give the Israelites rest from all their enemies around them so that they could live there securely  It was necessary that a place should be chosen which God himself would select to place his name there  De       After the whole land was subdued  they came together at Shiloh and set up the tabernacle of the congregation  Jos     The tabernacle with the ark of the covenant stayed there for   years  The meaning of the name and the city called Shiloh seems to be the same place as Salem  for  as ~lf signifies Peace or Rest Ge     Na     so also doth hlf Da      Also the Messiah is thought to have been called Shiloh  Ge     because not only was he to be peaceable and quiet but also he was the author of our eternal rest and peace  As well  Melchizedek  the king of Salem  the king of peace Heb     lived here according to Jerome in his  th Epistle to Enagrius  In Jerome s time the city was near the place where John baptized  Joh     Ge     According to Jerome s account and the Septuagint translation  Shiloh was called Sichem because it was located Jos           Ge     Jud           in the country of the Sichemites","YearBCAD":-1445,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3269,"Dating":"2560a AM, 3269 JP, 1445 BC"}
{"Index":336,"EventTxt":"The remaining land was divided among the other seven tribes for their inheritance and the boundaries were recorded in a book       After the seven nations of the Canaanites were destroyed  their lands were all distributed among the Israelites","YearBCAD":-1445,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 18:1-19","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3269,"Dating":"2560a AM, 3269 JP, 1445 BC"}
{"Index":337,"EventTxt":"In the year after God s choosing Isaac until now  was about   years  Ac         Since from the birth of the promised seed Isaac  to this time  are   years and from the rejection of Ishmael     Hence the time was approximately   years","YearBCAD":-1445,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3269,"Dating":"2560a AM, 3269 JP, 1445 BC"}
{"Index":338,"EventTxt":"Out of the land from both sides of the Jordan   cities were selected for the inheritance of the Levites    of these were made cities of refuge  Sanctuaries were made there where those who had not committed wilful murder might flee for protection       The Israelites now possessed the land promised to their fathers  God gave them rest and peace on every side according to all that he had sworn to their fathers  Jos       The companies of the Reubenites  Gadites and the half tribe of Manasseh that came over the Jordan to help their brethren conquer the land  returned to their possessions on the other side of the Jordan  Jos           Nu","YearBCAD":-1444,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 20:1-21","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3270,"Dating":"2560d AM, 3270 JP, 1444 BC"}
{"Index":339,"EventTxt":"On their return journey  they came to Gilead at the passage of Jordan  in the borders of the land of Canaan  There they built a large altar  The other tribes thought they intended to revolt so they resolved to make war against these two tribes  They sent Phinehas  the son of Eleazar  the high priest  with ten other princes of the people  to find out why the alter was built  When they understood that the altar was not built to offer sacrifices but only a memorial and as a token of the fellowship which they had with the rest of the tribes of Israel  they changed their minds and did not fight with them","YearBCAD":-1444,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 22:1-34","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":2560,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3270,"Dating":"2560d AM, 3270 JP, 1444 BC"}
{"Index":340,"EventTxt":"Joshua built the city of Timnathserah in mount Ephraim where he lived for many years after God had given rest to Israel  Like Joseph  he lived to the age of     years Ge     and was buried in Timnathserah  Jos","YearBCAD":-1443,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2561,"JulPer":3271,"Dating":"2561 AM, 3271 JP, 1443 BC"}
{"Index":341,"EventTxt":"After the death of Joshua and the elders who outlived him  the disorders happened that are recorded in       These were the idolatry of Micah and the children of Dan and the war of the Benjamites and its causes  This was a time of anarchy  ever man doing what seemed right in his own eyes  The elders who died were less than   years old when they came out of Egypt  They were eye witnesses to all that God had done  However the next generation forgot God and married the Canaanites and worshipped their idols  God was angry and gave them into the hands of Cushan  king of Mesopotamia  This was the first calamity of theirs and lasted eight years  Jud","YearBCAD":-1413,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 17:1-21","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2591,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3301,"Dating":"2591d AM, 3301 JP, 1413 BC"}
{"Index":342,"EventTxt":"Othniel  the son of Kenaz and son in law to Joshua  Jos     Jud     of the tribe of Judah was raised up by God to judge and avenge his people  He defeated Cushan and delivered the Israelites from their bondage  And the land had rest   years  after the first rest which Joshua procured for them","YearBCAD":-1405,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 3:9-1","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3309,"Dating":"2599d AM, 3309 JP, 1405 BC"}
{"Index":343,"EventTxt":"The first Jubilee was celebrated in the land of Canaan in the  th year   Note  a jubliee year fell on the seventh sabbatical year and occurred every   years  In Le       it says the jubliee was in the  th year  Also a jubilee and sabbatical year started in the autumn  Le     If a jubilee occurred every   years  the text would have to say in the  st year  If a child is one year old  is in his second year  Likewise if a man is   years old  he is in his  th year  In APC IMa     it says that this was a sabbatical year  From the associated text we know that year was   BC  If the sabbatical and jubliee cycle was   years long    BC would not be a sabbatical year  Likewise Josephus stated that   BC was a sabbatical year when Herod captured Jerusalem  This would not have been the case if the cycle was   years long and not    This confirms the accuracy of Ussher s work  See note on  d AM    See note on  b   Editor","YearBCAD":-1396,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2609,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3318,"Dating":"2609a AM, 3318 JP, 1396 BC"}
{"Index":344,"EventTxt":"The second Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1347,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2658,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3367,"Dating":"2658a AM, 3367 JP, 1347 BC"}
{"Index":345,"EventTxt":"After Othniel died  the Israelites again sinned against God and were delivered into the hands of Eglon  king of Moab  He along with the Ammonites and Amalekites  defeated the Israelites and took Jericho  This was their second oppression and it lasted for   years  Jud","YearBCAD":-1343,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2661,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3371,"Dating":"2661d AM, 3371 JP, 1343 BC"}
{"Index":346,"EventTxt":"Just before the tribe of Benjamin was almost entirely wiped out  God raised up Ehud  the son of Gera a Benjamite  to avenge his people  While feigning a message to Eglon from God  he stabbed him in the belly with his dagger and left him dead in his own dining room  After he escaped he gathered all Israel together in Mount Ephraim and slew     valiant men of Moab  And the land had rest   years  after the former rest and deliverance by Othniel  Jud","YearBCAD":-1325,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3389,"Dating":"2679b AM, 3389 JP, 1325 BC"}
{"Index":347,"EventTxt":"Later  Shamgar  the son on Anath  also avenged Israel by killing   Philistines with an Ox goad","YearBCAD":-1325,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3389,"Dating":"2679b AM, 3389 JP, 1325 BC"}
{"Index":348,"EventTxt":"Belus the Assyrian reigned over the Assyrians in Babylon  for   years  saith Jul  Africanus","YearBCAD":-1322,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2682,"JulPer":3392,"Dating":"2682 AM, 3392 JP, 1322 BC"}
{"Index":349,"EventTxt":"After the death of Ehud  the Israelites sinned again  God gave them up into the hand of Jabin of Canaan who reigned in Hazor  Jabin had   chariots of iron and oppressed Israel for  years","YearBCAD":-1305,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 4:1-3","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2699,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3409,"Dating":"2699d AM, 3409 JP, 1305 BC"}
{"Index":350,"EventTxt":"The  rd Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1298,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2707,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3416,"Dating":"2707a AM, 3416 JP, 1298 BC"}
{"Index":351,"EventTxt":"Deborah  the wife of Lapidoth  a prophetess  judged Israel at that time in mount Ephraim  Barak of the tribe of Naphtali  son of Abinoam  was made captain of the host of Israel  In a fight at Megiddo  they defeated Sisera  who was captain of Jabin s army  Jabin was killed by Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite  She did this in her own tent by hammering a nail into the temples of Jabin s head  Deborah wrote a song in memorial of that victory  and the land rested   years  after the former rest restored by Ehud","YearBCAD":-1285,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 4:1-5","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2719,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3429,"Dating":"2719d AM, 3429 JP, 1285 BC"}
{"Index":352,"EventTxt":"Ninus  the son of Belus  founded the Assyrian Empire  This empire continued in Asia for   years  Herod in his first book  c     affirms this and Appian Alexander in the beginning of his work follows the same account  However  Dionysius Halicarnassus  who is known for diligent research into such matters  in his first book of Antiquities  says  that they had a very small part of Asia under their command  Diodorus Siculus in his Bibliotheca  reports that Ninus  joined with Arieus king of Arabia and possessed all Asia and ruled India and Bactria for   years  Finally  he took in the Bactrians with their king Zoroastres  Justin writes of him  from Trogus Pompeius  in book    vv When Ninus had conquered his adjacent neighbours  he added their forces to his own  By this he became stronger still to conquer the next enemy  Every victory was a step to another and by this means  he subdued all the people of the east  His last war was with Zoroastoes king of Bactria  This king is said to have been the first to find out the art of magic and to have most diligently looked into the nature of the world and the motion of the stars  Ninus slew him and died later after this","YearBCAD":-1267,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2737,"JulPer":3447,"Dating":"2737 AM, 3447 JP, 1267 BC"}
{"Index":353,"EventTxt":"Julius Africanus and Eusebius say  that he reigned   years","YearBCAD":-1267,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2737,"JulPer":3447,"Dating":"2737 AM, 3447 JP, 1267 BC"}
{"Index":354,"EventTxt":"The Israelites sinning again  were delivered into the hands of the Midianites  This fourth oppression lasted   years  Jud","YearBCAD":-1252,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2752,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3462,"Dating":"2752d AM, 3462 JP, 1252 BC"}
{"Index":355,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1249,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2756,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3465,"Dating":"2756a AM, 3465 JP, 1249 BC"}
{"Index":356,"EventTxt":"When the Israelites fell into this fourth bondage  they cried to God for help and were reproved by a prophet  Then was Gideon of Manasseh  son of Joash the Abiezrite chosen to deliver them by an angel sent from God  By God s command  he overturned the altar of Baal and burnt its grove  As a result of the strife between him and the people  he was called Jerubbaal and Jerubbesheth  Jud      Sa      From     volunteers  he selected   men according to God s criteria  Gideon and these men equipped with their trumpets  pitchers and torches so frightened the Midianites  that he put to flight all their host  After this the Ephraimites pursued them and slew their princes  Oreb and Zeeb  After this Gideon first pacified the Ephraimites  who complained that they were not called to the battle at first  Then he passed the river Jordan and defeated the remainder of the Midianitish army  He chastised also the men of Succoth and Penuel who had refused him provisions for his journey  He slew the two kings of the Moabites  Zebah and Zalmunna  After these great victories  he refused the Israelites offer to make him and his posterity king  Using the enemies golden earrings he made an ephod  Later  this led them to fall into idolatry  After the Midianites were conquered  the land had rest   years  after the former rest restored to them by Deborah and Barak","YearBCAD":-1245,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 6:1-8","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2759,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3469,"Dating":"2759d AM, 3469 JP, 1245 BC"}
{"Index":357,"EventTxt":"As soon as Gideon was dead  the Israelites fell into idolatry and worshipped Baalberith for their god  Jud     Abimelech the son of Gideon   born by his concubine from Sichem  purposed to be king and slew   of his brothers all upon one stone  Jud","YearBCAD":-1236,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2768,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3478,"Dating":"2768d AM, 3478 JP, 1236 BC"}
{"Index":358,"EventTxt":"When Abimelech was made king with the Sichemites  help  Jotham the youngest son of Gideon  having escaped Abimelech s clutches  challenged them from the top of the mount Gerizim  about the wrong they had done to his father s house  By way of a parable he prophesied their ruin and then fled from there and dwelt quietly in Beeroth","YearBCAD":-1235,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 9:1-57","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2769,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3479,"Dating":"2769d AM, 3479 JP, 1235 BC"}
{"Index":359,"EventTxt":"After Abimelech reigned over the Israelites three years  Gaal  a man of Sichem  made a conspiracy against him  When Zebul discovered this  the city of Sichem was utterly destroyed and sowed with salt  The inhabitants were all killed and the temple of their god Beeroth was burnt with fire  From there Abimelech went to besiege Thebez  He was hit on the head with a piece of a millstone thrown by a woman and then he was killed by his own armour bearer      Sa","YearBCAD":-1233,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 9:50-54","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2771,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3481,"Dating":"2771d AM, 3481 JP, 1233 BC"}
{"Index":360,"EventTxt":"After Abimelech  Tola  the son of Puah  of the tribe of Issachar  judged Israel   years  Jud","YearBCAD":-1233,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2772,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3481,"Dating":"2772a AM, 3481 JP, 1233 BC"}
{"Index":361,"EventTxt":"After the Atyadans first reigned in Sardis  Argon  the son of Ninus reigned  His posterity held the kingdom of Lydia for   years or   generations  Each son succeeded his father to the throne until Candaules the son of Myrsus  Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-1223,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2781,"JulPer":3491,"Dating":"2781 AM, 3491 JP, 1223 BC"}
{"Index":362,"EventTxt":"Semiramis  the daughter of Derces  was wife first of Menon and later of Ninus  Diodorus Siculus in the second book of his Bibliotheca states that she reigned for   years over all Asia except India and lived   years  From Cresias Cnidius describes at length her noble acts especially against Strabrobates king of India  From Megasthenes  who writes expressly of the Indian affairs  as we find in Strabo        and from Arrians in his book De Indicus said that she died before she ever came into India  Herod     I e     reports that she cast up huge works round about Babylon  Formerly the river  Euphrates  overflowed all the lower parts it  Justin also  speaking of Semiramis in       out of Trogus Pompeius  says this  vv She built Babylon and walled it round with bricks  laying the stones with brimstone  instead of sand  This brimstone erupts naturally from the earth everywhere in that area  This queen did many other very memorable acts  Not content to keep her husband s conquests  she added Ethiopia to her dominions and she also made war on India  She was the first to enter India and Alexander the great the next","YearBCAD":-1215,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2789,"JulPer":3499,"Dating":"2789 AM, 3499 JP, 1215 BC"}
{"Index":363,"EventTxt":"All other writers agree with Dionysius also  that Bacchus  is reported to have conquered India  It was Diodorus and Troghus  who falsely reported that this queen enclosed Babylon with a wall of brick  Stabo also  in his  nd and  th books of his Geography is refuted by the sacred history of    and Eupolemus  It was Nebuchadnezzar and his daughter in law  Nectoris who built the wall of Babylon many ages after  Eupolemus states in his book  pri tofdaiwt AssisicxA in Eusibius        Preparat  Evangel  vv It was first built by those  which escaped the deluge","YearBCAD":-1215,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ge 11:1-32","BibBk1":"Ge","AnnoMund":2789,"JulPer":3499,"Dating":"2789 AM, 3499 JP, 1215 BC"}
{"Index":364,"EventTxt":"Erranius mentiones by Stephanus Bysantinus  in his book  de Vrbibus  in the word of Babylon  and Eustatius in Dionys  Perieg  p     noting  that Babylon was built   years before Semiramis was born  If he had said   years  this date would nearly agree with the Babylonish calendar sent from there by Calisthenes  out of Porphyrie  in the year of the world","YearBCAD":-1215,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2789,"JulPer":3499,"Dating":"2789 AM, 3499 JP, 1215 BC"}
{"Index":1770,"EventTxt":"The same Porphyrie also        cont  Christianos  was cited by Eusebius        Prepar  Evangel  Eusebius spoke of Sancuniathon Berution  a most ancient writer  about the beginning of the Phoenicians  who said he took his argument from Hierombal or Jerubbaal from the year of the world    This Jerubbaal  Gideon  was a priest of Jevo  that is Jehovah  the God of the Jews  whose history was dedicated to Abibalus  king of the Berutians  Eusebius states further  that this Sancuniathon  lived in the days of Semiranis  Queen of the Assyrians who is said to have been before the Trojan wars at that time  This agrees with my account allowing her to have lived after the war of Troy by eleven years","YearBCAD":-1215,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2789,"JulPer":3499,"Dating":"2789 AM, 3499 JP, 1215 BC"}
{"Index":365,"EventTxt":"Eli  the priest was born  for he died at the age of   years  ISa      in the year of the world","YearBCAD":-1214,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2790,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3500,"Dating":"2790d AM, 3500 JP, 1214 BC"}
{"Index":366,"EventTxt":"After Tola died  he was buried at Shamir  in mount Ephraim  Jair a Gileadite from the tribe of Manasseh  succeeded him  Beyond Jordan  Jair judged Israel for   years    Jair s son took the cities of Argob  naming them Havothjair Nu     De     after whose example  the thirty sons of this second Jair  who  to distinguish him from the former  ISa     ICh     seems to have been surnamed Bedan by the   cities which they possessed by the name of Havothjair  Jud","YearBCAD":-1210,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 10:1-3","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2795,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3504,"Dating":"2795a AM, 3504 JP, 1210 BC"}
{"Index":367,"EventTxt":"Because the Israelites forsook God and worshipped the gods of other nations  God gave them up into the hands of the Philistines and the Ammonites  This was their fifth oppression lasting   years  Jud     The bondage ended in victory over the Ammonites when Jephthah began his rule over Israel","YearBCAD":-1206,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2799,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3508,"Dating":"2799a AM, 3508 JP, 1206 BC"}
{"Index":368,"EventTxt":"The fifth Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1200,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2805,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3514,"Dating":"2805a AM, 3514 JP, 1200 BC"}
{"Index":369,"EventTxt":"During the  th year of their slavery  the enemies defeated the Israelites  who lived beyond Jordan  The Ammonites passed over the river and attacked Judah  Benjamin and Ephraim  whom the Philistines had already crushed  The Israelites called on God and were grievously rebuked by him  However  they showed their repentance by abandoning their idols and obtained mercy  Jud","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2816,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3526,"Dating":"2816d AM, 3526 JP, 1 188 BC"}
{"Index":370,"EventTxt":"Jair died and was buried at Camon Jud         That same year the Ammonites camped in Gilead  The Israelites camped in Mizpah  which is also in Gilead  Jud         Jephthah the Gileadite was called to be captain of the host of Israel by the men of Gilead  He made war upon the Ammonites and subdued them  He vowed to God that if God would give him the victory  he would offer as a burnt offering whatever came from his house to meet him  His daughter was unaware of the vow and greeted him first  She was offered as a burnt offering to God  Jephthah also killed     Ephraimites  who behaved themselves insolently against him  He judged Israel   years","YearBCAD":-1188,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 11:1-12","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2817,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3526,"Dating":"2817a AM, 3526 JP, 1188 BC"}
{"Index":372,"EventTxt":"Troy was destroyed by the Greeks   years before the first Olympiad","YearBCAD":-1184,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2820,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3530,"Dating":"2820c AM, 3530 JP, 1184 BC"}
{"Index":373,"EventTxt":"When Jephthah was dead and buried in Gilead  Ibzan  the Bethlehemite  judged Israel   years","YearBCAD":-1181,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 12:7-9","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2823,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3533,"Dating":"2823d AM, 3533 JP, 1181 BC"}
{"Index":374,"EventTxt":"Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem  Elon the Zebulonite succeeded him and judged Israel   years  Jud","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2830,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3539,"Dating":"2830a AM, 3539 JP, 1 175 BC"}
{"Index":375,"EventTxt":"When Semiramis tried to lay carnally with her son  he killed her  She had ruled for   years after Ninus  Justin    I e     Although it seems incredible that a woman of   years of age would commit such an act of incest  St  Austin       de Civita  Dei  seemed to believe it  More about Semiramis and her death can be read in Diodor  Sicu        Biblio","YearBCAD":-1173,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2831,"JulPer":3541,"Dating":"2831 AM, 3541 JP, 1173 BC"}
{"Index":376,"EventTxt":"Semiramis  son  Ninus or Ninyus was content with the empire which his parents had and laid aside all cares of military affairs  Ninus was very effeminate in that he seldom kept company with men  He spent most of his years in the company of women and eunuchs  Justin        c     out of Tragus  Diodor  Sic        and Atheneus       out of Cresias       Persicorum","YearBCAD":-1173,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2831,"JulPer":3541,"Dating":"2831 AM, 3541 JP, 1173 BC"}
{"Index":377,"EventTxt":"Elon died and was buried at Ajalon in the tribe of Zebulun  Abdon the Ephraimite  the son of Hillel the Pirathonite succeeded him  He judged Israel   years","YearBCAD":-1165,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 12:12-14","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3549,"Dating":"2840a AM, 3549 JP, 1165 BC"}
{"Index":378,"EventTxt":"When Abdon died he was buried at Pirathon in mount Ephraim  Jud     After him came Eli who judged Israel   years  ISa      He was also the high priest  This high priesthood was transferred from the descendants of Eleazar to Ithamar  When Israel sinned again  God delivered them into the hands of the Philistines for the next   years  Jud     This was the Israelites  sixth oppression which we think ended seven months after the death of Eli when the Ark was brought back again  Hence  it was about the beginning of the third month  called Sivan  when Eli began to judge Israel","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2848,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3557,"Dating":"2848a AM, 3557 JP, 1 157 BC"}
{"Index":379,"EventTxt":"An angel appeared to the wife of Manoah of the tribe of Dan at Zorah  He told her that she  though barren  would conceive and bear a son  This child would be a Nazarite who would begin to deliver Israel out of the hands of the Philistines  Jud","YearBCAD":-1156,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2848,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3558,"Dating":"2848d AM, 3558 JP, 1156 BC"}
{"Index":380,"EventTxt":"As foretold by the angel  Samson the Nazarite was born at Zorah  Jud       It seems he was conceived after their   years oppression had begun by the Philistines    He avenged the Israelites of the Philistines for   years Jud     Obviously  Samson s birth could not have happened later unless he was judging Israel before he was   years old which seems unlikely","YearBCAD":-1155,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 13:1-5","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2849,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3559,"Dating":"2849b AM, 3559 JP, 1155 BC"}
{"Index":381,"EventTxt":"The sixth Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1151,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2854,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3563,"Dating":"2854a AM, 3563 JP, 1151 BC"}
{"Index":382,"EventTxt":"While Eli was executing the office of a judge in civil causes  under the Philistines  Samson picked a quarrel against him because he was engaged to marry a woman of Timnah  Samson had begun to judge the Israelites at the age of    Jud     On the day of his betrothal  he had killed a lion with his bare hands  He made a bet at the wedding feast and propounded a riddle to the guests  When he had lost  because his wife had told them what the meaning of the riddle was  in a rage he went and slew   men of Askelon  He gave these wedding guests the suits of clothing which he had stript off their bodies to fulfil the terms of the wager and returned home to his father","YearBCAD":-1137,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2867,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3577,"Dating":"2867d AM, 3577 JP, 1137 BC"}
{"Index":383,"EventTxt":"At harvest time  Samson went to present his wife with a kid  at her father s house  but found that she had been given away to another man in marriage  He then sought revenge by catching   foxes and tying fire brands to their tails  He turned them all loose into the Philistines grain fields  vineyards and olive gardens  setting them all ablaze  The Philistines were very angry so they took Samson s wife and father in law and burned them to death  In revenge  Samson killed a great multitude of them and sat down upon the rock of Etam  From there   Jews arrested him and delivered him to the Philistines  He then killed a   of these Philistine men with the jawbone of an ass  When Samson prayed in that place called Lehi  God opened a hole in the jawbone and from it came a fountain of water  This fountain was called Enhakkore meaning the fountain of him which called upon God  With the water from this fountain  he refreshed himself because he was thirsty and ready to faint","YearBCAD":-1136,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 15:1-20","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":2868,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3578,"Dating":"2868c AM, 3578 JP, 1136 BC"}
{"Index":384,"EventTxt":"Delilah  Samson s concubine  betrayed him by cutting his hair  the symbol of his Nazarite vow and delivered him to the Philistines  They plucked out his eyes and carried him away prisoner to Gaza  They put him in prison there binding him with chains of brass  In prison his hair grew again and his strength was renewed  He pulled down the temple of Dagon while the princes of the Philistines and a great multitude of the people were in it  More men were killed when the temple fell  including himself  than he had slain in all his lifetime  He was buried with his father  between Zoar and Eshtaol  when he had judged Israel for   years  Jud","YearBCAD":-1117,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2887,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3597,"Dating":"2887c AM, 3597 JP, 1117 BC"}
{"Index":385,"EventTxt":"The Israelites took courage by this great loss of the Philistines and gathered together to camp near Ebenezer  named by the prophet Samuel  when twenty years later the Philistines were overthrown by him in the very same place   ISa     There the Israelites lost     men  When they sent for the ark of the covenant from Shiloh to be brought into the camp  the Philistines saw all that was at stake  During that battle the Philistines encouraged one another lest they said  we be forced hereafter to live in slavery under the Hebrews as they have been under us","YearBCAD":-1116,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2888,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3598,"Dating":"2888d AM, 3598 JP, 1116 BC"}
{"Index":386,"EventTxt":"In that second battle      Israelites were killed  The ark of God was taken by the Philistines and Hophni and Phinehas  the two priests and the sons of Eli were slain there  When Eli heard the news  he fell off his chair backwards and broke his neck  for he was very fat   His daughter in law also  the wife of his son Phinehas went into labour because she was pregnant and she delivered a son  called Ichabod and died  I   When the Philistines took the ark of God  they carried it to Ashdod and placed it in the temple of their god Dagon","YearBCAD":-1116,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 4:1-22","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2888,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3598,"Dating":"2888d AM, 3598 JP, 1116 BC"}
{"Index":387,"EventTxt":"Twice Dagon was found grovelling before the ark on the ground  Some of the inhabitants of the place died of the plague and some were struck with filthy emerods in their secret parts  Ps     They moved the ark from there first to the Gittites and later to the Ekronites  However  the same plagues occurred wherever it went  After seven months  by the advice of their priests  the Philistines sent the ark home again with gifts into the land of the Israelites  About the beginning of the third month  during wheat harvest time     men of Bethshemesh were killed for looking inside the ark  I        From there the ark was moved and carried to the house of Aminadab in Gibeah atthe Hill of the city of Kirjathjearim  ISa          Sa       This place was inhabited by the tribe of Judah and was also called Baalah and Kirjathbaal  ICh     Jos       However  all this time the tabernacle where God was worshipped  stayed at Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim  Jud     ISa","YearBCAD":-1116,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 5:1-6","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2888,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3598,"Dating":"2888d AM, 3598 JP, 1116 BC"}
{"Index":388,"EventTxt":"Barzillai the Gileadite was born  for he was   years of age  when Absalom rebelled against David   Sa","YearBCAD":-10,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2894,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3604,"Dating":"2894c AM, 3604 JP, 1 1 10 BC"}
{"Index":389,"EventTxt":"The seventh Jubilee","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2903,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3612,"Dating":"2903a AM, 3612 JP, 1 102 BC"}
{"Index":390,"EventTxt":"For   years after the ark came to Kirjathjearim  ISa     the Israelites were grievously oppressed by the Philistines  Finally being persuaded by Samuel  they returned to the Lord after they abandoned all their idols  They came together at Mizpah where they are said to have drawn water to have drawn tears from the bottom of their hearts and to have poured them out before the Lord  ISa     This perhaps symbolized some external effusion or pouring forth of water to signify their inward repentance and mourning for their sins   Sa     Some would understand this of the repentants themselves  Ge     Ex     After their repentance  God immediately delivered the people of the Israelites from the invasion of the Philistines  ISa     Jos          God sent a terrible thunder which terrified the Philistines  They abandoned all the cities of the Israelites which they held formerly  ISa     Several small garrisons were left in only a few places  ISa     No more did they come to invade their borders because they saw that the hand of the Lord was against them all the days of Samuel until Saul became king  ISa      However after Saul became king  they returned again and oppressed Israel  When Samuel was old he made his two sons to be judges over Israel at Beersheba  They did not serve the Lord like their father but perverted judgment for rewards and bribes  I  He did not retire completely for from the passage I   it appears that he continued judging the people by himself to his dying day","YearBCAD":-1096,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 8:1-3\", \"Sa 7:15-17\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2908,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3618,"Dating":"2908c AM, 3618 JP, 1096 BC"}
{"Index":391,"EventTxt":"Because Samuel s sons were taking bribes and perverting justice  the Israelites began to make light of Samuel s leadership which troubled him and offended God  I  The Israelites were disgusted by the excessive behaviour of Samuel s sons and requested that they should have a king as other nations had  ISa       In additions to this  the Philistines still had some garrisons in their land  Nahash  king of the Ammonites had also assembled men in preparation for war against them  This caused them great fear so they resolved to no longer rely on Samuel s wisdom  or on the power of God  who had up to that time been their king and avenger  In spite of the fact that they had expelled the Philistines out of their land  they still expressed their desire to have a king  ISa         Though God was angered by their request he gave them a king Ho           whose name was Saul  the son of Kish  of the tribe of Benjamin  Saul reigned for   years  Ac     Saul s son Ishbosheth was   years old when he succeeded his father in the kingdom   Sa     Ishbosheth is said to have been born when Saul was anointed king  Saul was first anointed privately and afterward publicly before all the people at Mizpah by Samuel  It was   years since the death of Eli ISa     that Samuel had judged Israel  ISa         About   month later lSa        as the Septuagint and Jospehus  lib     Antiquis  records  Jabeshgilead was besieged by Nahash king of the Ammonites  This siege was lifted by Saul when he defeated the Ammonites  The whole congregation of Israel came together at Gilgal and Saul was again proclaimed king there  ISa       Samuel however  questioned Saul s sincerity in fulfilling his royal position and complained of the wrong that had been done him  Samuel called upon God to send thunder and rain which terrified the people  Then he comforted them with the promises of God s mercies  ISa     This appears to have happened during their wheat harvest season  around the time of the feast of Pentecost  in the beginning of the third month    years after the ark arrived from the country of the Philistines    Sam     It seems that a full   years passed between the bringing back of the ark and the subduing of the Philistines  ISa       and that one year passed between the expelling of the Philistines from out of Israel and Saul s anointing as king  As ISa     states in the Hebrew  vv Saul was the son of one year when he reigned and he reigned two years over Israel","YearBCAD":-1095,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 8:6-8","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2909,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3619,"Dating":"2909c AM, 3619 JP, 1095 BC"}
{"Index":392,"EventTxt":"Hence  Saul reigned for two years  free from the subjection of the Philistines","YearBCAD":-1095,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2909,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3619,"Dating":"2909c AM, 3619 JP, 1095 BC"}
{"Index":393,"EventTxt":"The Philistines attacked Israel and took them captive  Saul shook off their yoke and recovered his kingdom again from their hands  ISa     War with the Philistines continued many years during Saul s reign  Since the war began eight years before David was born  before it ended Samuel prophesied of David succeeding the throne after Saul  The Lord hath sought him a man according to his own heart  and God hath commanded him to be ruler over his people  ISa     The Philistines took from them all their smiths so they would have no weapons to fight with or no one to make them  Hence  when the day of battle came only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons  I","YearBCAD":-1093,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 13:19-22","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2911,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3621,"Dating":"2911c AM, 3621 JP, 1093 BC"}
{"Index":394,"EventTxt":"David was born to Jesse the Ephrathite in his old age lSa     David was the youngest of eight sons born to Jesse  Bethlehem was called the City of David ISa     Lu       years before he succeeded Saul in the kingdom   Sa     ISa","YearBCAD":-1085,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2919,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3629,"Dating":"2919c AM, 3629 JP, 1085 BC"}
{"Index":395,"EventTxt":"God had rejected Saul and his family from the kingdom  After mourning a long time about this  Samuel was sent by God to Bethlehem to anoint David as king  This occurred   years before the rebellion of Absalom  ISa      Sa     David was a handsome looking lad who was called away from shepherding his father s sheep  ISa     Because David was preferred before his older brothers and being anointed in their presence lSa     they were envious of him lSa     David s brothers were as envious of him as Joseph s brother s were of him  He was also made king over Judah at the same age that Joseph was made ruler over Egypt  Ge      Sa     From the day of his anointing  the Spirit of God came upon him giving him his courage and wisdom  ISa        Sa     As a result of this  while Saul lived  he was made general over all Israel and became a great warrior to fight the Lord s battles  ISa     He became known as a prophet and the sweet Singer of Israel who by his divine Psalms would teach and instruct the people of God  Ac      Sa","YearBCAD":-1063,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2941,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3651,"Dating":"2941c AM, 3651 JP, 1063 BC"}
{"Index":396,"EventTxt":"Mephibosheth  or Meribbaal  ICh         the son of Jonathan was born five years before the death of his father  Sa","YearBCAD":-1063,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2941,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3651,"Dating":"2941c AM, 3651 JP, 1063 BC"}
{"Index":397,"EventTxt":"David feared that he might at last fall into Saul s hands  so he fled to king Achish in Gath taking   men with him  ISa     Achish gave him the town of Ziklag to dwell in and he lived there for one year and four months in the land of the Philistines","YearBCAD":-1060,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2944,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3654,"Dating":"2944c AM, 3654 JP, 1060 BC"}
{"Index":398,"EventTxt":"From there he attacked and killed all the Geshurites  Gezrites and the Amalekites  leaving no one alive to carry news of the slaughter to king Achish  I","YearBCAD":-1057,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 27:1-12","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3657,"Dating":"2948a AM, 3657 JP, 1057 BC"}
{"Index":399,"EventTxt":"While David was at Ziklag  many who were relatives of Saul came to stay with him  Also many valiant men of the tribe of Benjamin  the tribe of Gad and various good soldiers came over Jordan to him in the first month when it overflowed all its banks  They were accompanied by many other captains and commanders of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah  ICh","YearBCAD":-1056,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2948,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3658,"Dating":"2948c AM, 3658 JP, 1056 BC"}
{"Index":400,"EventTxt":"King Achish planned to invade the Israelites with his Philistine army  He took David along with him lSa       While David was on the march with his   men  he gathered a number of others from the tribe of Manasseh who joined him lCh     The Philistines were then encamped at Shunem and the Israelites were in Gilboa  ISa","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":401,"EventTxt":"When Saul saw the army of the Philistines  he became afraid and sought counsel from the Lord  Receiving no answer by a dream  or by Urim  or by his prophets  he went to Endor by night to consult with a witch  When she conjured up a vision of Samuel  Saul received the dreadful message  God shall deliver Israel  together with thyself  into the hands of the Philistines  and tomorrow  thou and thy children shall be with me ISa         ICh","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":402,"EventTxt":"While David was away on his march  the Amalekites took Ziklag  plundered it and burnt it  They carried away David s two wives Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail  the widow of Nabal  along with the rest of the wives and children of his men l","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 30:1-31","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":403,"EventTxt":"When Saul returned the same night from the witch  the Israelites moved to the fountain of Jezreel and the Philistines went to Aphek  The princes of the Philistines became jealous of David so he and his men left their army early the next morning and returned to Ziklag  The Philistines in the interim marched up to Jezreel to fight with the Israelites  ISa           It seems that Saul and his sons were not slain the next day after his communication with the apparition of Samuel  since all that day David was with the army of the Philistines  but Saul s death occurred some while after David s departure from them","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":404,"EventTxt":"When David was returning to Ziklag  there came to him seven captains of the Manassites  ICh       They had arrived three days later  and found the town plundered and consumed with fire  The last   of his company were tired of marching and rested at the brook Besor  With the other   David followed after the Amalekites  overtook them  The battle lasted from the twilight of the first day to the evening of the next  They recovered all that was lost and returned home with joy l","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 30:1-31","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":405,"EventTxt":"The host of Israel were soundly trounced  The three sons of Saul  Jonathan  Abinadab and Melchishua were also killed  Saul and his armourbearer fell on their own swords  The following day the Philistines took off the head of Saul and hung up his armour in the temple of their idol Ashtaroth  His body and the bodies of his three sons were also left to hang on the walls of Bethshemesh  However  the men of Jabeshgilead remembered the deed of valour which Saul had done for them at the beginning of his reign  They stole away their bodies from there and burnt them  They buried their bones under an oak at Jabesh and fasted for them for seven days  I   I","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 31:1-13\", \"Ch 10:1-14\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":406,"EventTxt":"Mephibosheth  was the son of Jonathan who was now dead  When his nurse heard the news of his death she ran away with Mephibosheth  Because she was very afraid and in a great haste  he fell out of her arms and became lame in his feet ever since   Sa","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":407,"EventTxt":"When David returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites  three days later he heard of the defeat of the army of the Israelites  A boy of the Amalekites who was in the fight told him and brought Saul s crown and bracelet which he had removed from Saul s body      From this news  though quickly brought to David  it is inferred that the defeat in Gilboa happened a number of days after David left the Philistine army  This was not unusual that the battle was so delayed  Much later the Syrians camped against the Israelites at the same place at Aphek and waited seven days before fighting with them  IKi","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 1:1-16","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":408,"EventTxt":"David executed the Amalekite who claimed to have slain Saul  In a funeral song  he praised Saul  Jonathan and God s people     Companies of the Israelites  army flocked daily to him  ICh     He asked counsel of God before he went up to Hebron with his men and their families  Here he was anointed king by the men of his own tribe at the age of    He reigned over Judah for   years and   months   Sa","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 1:13-27","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":409,"EventTxt":"Abner  the former captain of Saul s army  took Ishbosheth  Saul s son to Mahanaim and there he made him king over the rest of Israel  Ishbostheth was   years old and reigned two years over Israel     He had two years of peace with the house of David  just as his father s two year reign ISa     referred to two years of peace with the Philistines  See note on","YearBCAD":-1055,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 2:8-10","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC"}
{"Index":410,"EventTxt":"David sent messengers to the men of Jabeshgilead and thanked them for the kindness which they had showed to King Saul  He informed them that he was now king over Judah     To strengthen himself  he made an alliance with Talmai  king of Geshur and secured it by marrying his daughter  Maacah  She bore him Absalom and Thamar   Sa","YearBCAD":-1054,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 2:5-7","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2949,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3659,"Dating":"2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1054 BC"}
{"Index":411,"EventTxt":"After the two years of peace with Ishbosheth  there was a long war between his people and the people of David  Joab the son of Zeruiah  David s sister s son  headed up David s side and Abner the other side  Many battles and skirmishes happened  David s side grew stronger and stronger and Ishbosheth s side became weaker","YearBCAD":-1053,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 2:26-3","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2951,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3661,"Dating":"2951c AM, 3661 JP, 1053 BC"}
{"Index":412,"EventTxt":"The eighth Jubilee","YearBCAD":-1053,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2952,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3661,"Dating":"2952a AM, 3661 JP, 1053 BC"}
{"Index":413,"EventTxt":"When Abner was disgracefully used by Ishbosheth  he revolted and sided with David  He arranged with the chief men and heads of Israel to transfer the whole kingdom to David  ISa","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 3:6-21","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":414,"EventTxt":"When David fled from Saul  ISa     his wife Michal was given by Saul in marriage to Phaltiel  David demanded that Ishbosheth send her back  ISa      Sa","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":415,"EventTxt":"When Abner came with   men to David  he was well received and given a feast  When he returned from David in peace  he treacherously slain by Joab  David made a great mourning and lamentation over him and he was buried at Hebron","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 3:17-39","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":416,"EventTxt":"All Israel was troubled by the death of Abner  Baanah and Rechab  of the tribe of Benjamin murdered Ishbosheth when he was resting on his bed in the heat of the day  They brought his head to David and he had them executed","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 4:1-12","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":417,"EventTxt":"The captains and elders of all the tribes came to Hebron and anointed David king over Israel for the third time  I","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 12:23-40\", \"Sa 5:1-3\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":418,"EventTxt":"David with all Israel marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites  By Joab s valiant actions they captured the fort of Zion  Henceforth it was called the city of David  just as Bethlehem  his birthplace  was called  He made Jerusalem the capital of the kingdom and reigned over all Israel for   years       I","YearBCAD":-1048,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 5:5-7\", \"Ch 11:4-7\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3666,"Dating":"2957a AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC"}
{"Index":419,"EventTxt":"When the Philistines heard that David was made king over all Israel by every tribe  they led their army twice against him at the valley of Rephaim and were beaten both times      ICh         It was here that David  in the time of harvest  desired a drink of water from the well at Bethlehem  To please him  three of the most valiant captains broke through the host of the enemy to get it  When they brought it to him  he would not drink it   Sa      ICh","YearBCAD":-1047,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 5:22-25","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3667,"Dating":"2957c AM, 3667 JP, 1047 BC"}
{"Index":420,"EventTxt":"David built up the city of Zion and strengthened the fortifications  Joab repaired the rest of the city   Sa     ICh","YearBCAD":-1046,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3668,"Dating":"2958b AM, 3668 JP, 1046 BC"}
{"Index":421,"EventTxt":"Hiram sent messengers to David and cedar wood and carpenters and masons  These built his house   Sa     ICh","YearBCAD":-1046,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3668,"Dating":"2958b AM, 3668 JP, 1046 BC"}
{"Index":422,"EventTxt":"The ark of the covenant which in the first sabbatical year was brought from Gilgal to Shiloh  was brought from Kirjathjearim in this sabbatical year  It was moved from Shiloh   years earlier  From the house of Abinadab      choice men from all Israel accompanied the move of the ark by David  He composed the  th Psalm for the occasion as may be deduced from Ps      This verse appears to have been taken from a prayer which was appointed by Moses to be used and sung every time the ark was moved  Nu     The ark was carried first to the house of Obededom  After three months  it was moved into the city of David  or the fort of Zion  David himself rejoiced before it and sang Ps      Solomon his son  repeated this verse  Ch     in the next year of jubilee when he brought the ark into the Holy of Holies of the temple  vv Arise O Lord unto thy resting place  thou and the ark of thy strength","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":423,"EventTxt":"See also Ps        From the Hebrew  vv Behold we  i e  the men of Bethlehem dwelling there  have heard of it at Ephratah  our own country  and found it in the fields of Jair  or the wood  i e  in the hill of Kirjathjearim  for that signifies a city  bordering upon woods","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":424,"EventTxt":"From Ps       vv The Lord hath chosen Zion  for an habitation for himself saying  This is my rest for ever here will I dwell  for I have a delight therein","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":425,"EventTxt":"At Zion the ark is There to have rested  ICh     and was moved into the new tabernacle which David had prepared for it at Jerusalem   Sa     ICh      Ch","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":426,"EventTxt":"The tabernacle of the congregation built by Moses  with the brazen altar used for the daily sacrifices  remained at Gibeon  in the tribe of Judah until the temple of Solomon was built  It was no longer in Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim  ICh                    Ch         IKi","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":427,"EventTxt":"The ark was moved from house of Joseph  of which the tribe of Ephraim was a part into the tribe of Judah  Hereafter Shiloh played no part in their worship  Ps       Jer","YearBCAD":-1045,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2959,"JulPer":3669,"Dating":"2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC"}
{"Index":428,"EventTxt":"David now dwelt in his house of cedar which he had built and had peace on every side  He told Nathan the prophet  that he planned build an house  God replied that this was a work that should be done by a man of peace not war  His son Solomon would build the house not David   Sa           I                Ch       IKi       From now until the birth of Solomon was spent in wars  David subdued the Philistines  the Edomites  the Amalekites  the Moabites  the Ammonites and the Syrians   Sa     I   The borders of Israel stretched not only from Shihor in Egypt to Hamath  ICh     but even from there to the river Euphrates to the borders of Syria Zobah   Sa     This was the extreme bound of all that land which had been formerly promised to the seed of Abraham  Ge     De     Jos       It was never possessed by any of them except only by David and his son Solomon  IKi        Ch","YearBCAD":-1044,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 17:1-27\", \"Ch 18:1-17\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2960,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3670,"Dating":"2960d AM, 3670 JP, 1044 BC"}
{"Index":429,"EventTxt":"At this time Hadadezer  also called Hadarezer  the son of Rehob  was king of Syria Zoba  He united his forces from Damascus with Rezon the son of Eliadah s forces  They prepared to fight against David not far from the river Euphrates  However  after David routed Hadadezer s army  he slew     of the Syrians from Damascus and put garrisons in all that country  When Rezon saw that David prevailed  he rebelled from Hadadezer and made himself captain over the forces he had recently raised  He marched with them to Damascus and set up there a kingdom for himself and his posterity  He was a very bitter enemy to Solomon  as was his kingdom to the rest of the king s of Israel   Sa       IKi         Concerning this battle fought by David near to the river Euphrates  Nicolous Damascenus  in Josephus   lib     Antiq  c     or     mentions this battle of David s and calls this Rezon  Adad  He adds that his name was passed on to his successors to the tenth generation  as Ptolemy did to his in Egypt","YearBCAD":-1044,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2960,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3670,"Dating":"2960d AM, 3670 JP, 1044 BC"}
{"Index":430,"EventTxt":"After Nahash king of the Ammonites died  Hanun his son reigned in his place  He badly abused the messengers that David had sent out of kindness to comfort him over the death of his father","YearBCAD":-1038,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2967,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3676,"Dating":"2967a AM, 3676 JP, 1038 BC"}
{"Index":431,"EventTxt":"Therefore  David sent Joab who defeated a huge army of the Ammonites and Syrian mercenaries  David and Joab returned victorious to Jerusalem      I","YearBCAD":-1038,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 10:1-19\", \"Ch 19:1-19\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2967,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3676,"Dating":"2967a AM, 3676 JP, 1038 BC"}
{"Index":432,"EventTxt":"David crossed Jordan with his army and slaughtered a vast number of the Syrians who were led by Shophach  general of the army of Hadadezer  king of Syria Zoba  A time of peace between David and the petty kings of Syria followed so that they sent no more aid to the Ammonites  but served David      I","YearBCAD":-1036,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 10:1-19\", \"Ch 19:1-19\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2968,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3678,"Dating":"2968b AM, 3678 JP, 1036 BC"}
{"Index":433,"EventTxt":"At the end of the year  when kings went to battle  Joab  with his army fought with the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah  the capital city of Ammon  In the mean time  David took his ease at Jerusalem   Sa     ICh     and there defiled himself in an adulterous relationship with Bathsheba the wife of Uriah the Hittite  Uriah was then in the army  Consequently  David arranged to have Uriah slain at the hand of the Ammonites   Sa","YearBCAD":-1035,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2969,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3679,"Dating":"2969c AM, 3679 JP, 1035 BC"}
{"Index":434,"EventTxt":"When David s child by adultery  was born  David was convicted by Nathan the prophet of his sin and repented  David composed the psalm     for a memorial of his sin with Bathsheba  but the child died","YearBCAD":-1034,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ps 51:1-19\", \"Sa 12:1-31\")","BibBk1":"Ps","AnnoMund":2970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3680,"Dating":"2970b AM, 3680 JP, 1034 BC"}
{"Index":435,"EventTxt":"Bathsheba who was now David s wife  bore David another son whose name was given to him by God called Solomon  This child proved to be a man of peace  ICh     His name means one beloved of God  the name of Jedidiah   Sa","YearBCAD":-1034,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2971,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3680,"Dating":"2971a AM, 3680 JP, 1034 BC"}
{"Index":436,"EventTxt":"Ammon  David s oldest son  raped his sister Tamar","YearBCAD":-1032,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 13:1-39","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2972,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3682,"Dating":"2972c AM, 3682 JP, 1032 BC"}
{"Index":437,"EventTxt":"Two years after he raped his sister  Ammon was slain by his brother Absalom at the time of sheep shearing  before grain harvest   Sa     This occurred at the end of the spring  shortly after the middle of the first month during the second mowing of the grass  Codomanus notes this from Am     Jos","YearBCAD":-1030,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3684,"Dating":"2974c AM, 3684 JP, 1030 BC"}
{"Index":438,"EventTxt":"After Absalom killed Ammon  he fled to Geshur in Syria  He continued   years with king Talmai his grandfather on his mother s side   Sa","YearBCAD":-1030,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3684,"Dating":"2974c AM, 3684 JP, 1030 BC"}
{"Index":439,"EventTxt":"After   years of exile  Absalom returned to Jerusalem  His father was pacified towards him by the speech of the woman of Tekoa  who was employed by Joab   Sa","YearBCAD":-1027,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2977,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3687,"Dating":"2977c AM, 3687 JP, 1027 BC"}
{"Index":440,"EventTxt":"Absalom set Joab s barley on fire just before harvest time that year  for the following year was a sabbatical year  when there was no harvest in Judah   By this means he was admitted to his father s presence  whom he had not seen in the two years since his return from exile   Sa","YearBCAD":-1025,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2979,"JulPer":3689,"Dating":"2979 AM, 3689 JP, 1025 BC"}
{"Index":441,"EventTxt":"This sabbatical year came between the burning of Joab s corn field  and the rebellion of Absalom against his father  In his rebellion  Absalom obtained chariots  horses and a band of ruffians around him  and insinuated himself into the favour of the people  He stole away their hearts from his father David","YearBCAD":-1024,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 15:1-6","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2980,"JulPer":3690,"Dating":"2980 AM, 3690 JP, 1024 BC"}
{"Index":442,"EventTxt":"years after the anointing of David by Samuel  Absalom followed the advise of his chief counsellor Ahithophel and took possession of his father s kingdom  This happened between the Passover and the Feast of Pentecost  Codomanus assumes this to be the season from Barzillai having provided David  when he fled  with new fruits and roasted grain   Sa","YearBCAD":-1023,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2981,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3691,"Dating":"2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC"}
{"Index":443,"EventTxt":"Against the practices of Absalom and Ahithophel  David composed the  rd and  th Psalms  Also Shimei  of the tribe of Benjamin  railed against David  as he fled   Sa","YearBCAD":-1023,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2981,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3691,"Dating":"2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC"}
{"Index":444,"EventTxt":"When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed by Absalom  he went and hanged himself   Sa","YearBCAD":-1023,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2981,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3691,"Dating":"2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC"}
{"Index":445,"EventTxt":"In the battle with David  Absalom lost     men and fled  A bough of a thick oak caught hold of his long hair so he hung there until Joab came and thrust him through with darts  killing him","YearBCAD":-1023,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 18:9-14","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2981,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3691,"Dating":"2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC"}
{"Index":446,"EventTxt":"After this victory  David was brought home again by the men of Judah and one half of the people of Israel  The Israelites rebelled  because they had not participated in that work so a new rebellion grew among them  This rebellion was soon over when the head of Sheba the son of Gera  was thrown over the walls to Joab  by the people of Abel   Sa","YearBCAD":-1023,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2981,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3691,"Dating":"2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC"}
{"Index":447,"EventTxt":"The harvest of this year failed and there was a famine  which afflicted the land for three years  This famine was sent because the blood of the Gibeonites was shed by Saul and his family   Sa","YearBCAD":-1021,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2983,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3693,"Dating":"2983c AM, 3693 JP, 1021 BC"}
{"Index":448,"EventTxt":"The famine still continued so the Gibeonites hung two of Saul s sons and five of his grandchildren in the beginning of barley harvest  Rizpah  Saul s concubine  watched their bodies and kept them from being devoured by ravenous birds or beasts  until water dropped from heaven upon them","YearBCAD":-1018,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 21:8-10","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2986,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3696,"Dating":"2986c AM, 3696 JP, 1018 BC"}
{"Index":449,"EventTxt":"David took the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son and moved them from Jabeshgilead along with the bones of the seven that were hanged  They were buried a Zelah in the sepulchre of Kish the father of Saul","YearBCAD":-1018,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Sa 21:12-14","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2986,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3696,"Dating":"2986c AM, 3696 JP, 1018 BC"}
{"Index":450,"EventTxt":"Many battles were fought with the Philistines and their giants  In one battle  David who was now old  fainted in the fight and would have been slain by the giant  Ishbibenob and barely escaped  This was the last fight that David took part in     I","YearBCAD":-1018,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 21:16-22\", \"Ch 20:4-8\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2986,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3696,"Dating":"2986c AM, 3696 JP, 1018 BC"}
{"Index":451,"EventTxt":"David desired to have a census taken whether from Satan or his pride  God s wrath was kindled against the Israelites  Therefore of all the tribes   except the tribes of Levi and Benjamin   ICh         the men older than   years were counted  ICh      This census took   months and   days   Sa     God sent the prophet Gad to David and gave him the choice of one of three punishments  He was to chose famine  sword or pestilence   Sa     The famine was to last   years  that is in addition to the previous famine ICh     or of   years  as from  Sa      This included the   years of the previous famine  Sa     and this present sabbatical year in which no sowing would take place to compensate for the losses of the previous years  for a fourth year of dearth  Three years of famine for the slaughter of the Gibeonites were already past and after this there was a poor harvest for lack of seed  This harvest would not be able to supply the needs of the next two years which the intervening sabbatical year would require  So the famine would still continue in the land  especially among the poor  Now to these past years of famine  God proposed to David three more years of famine  to choose  if he would  The reason for reconciling these two different passages  has led me in these texts ICh      Sa      to refer this history of David s numbering the people to this Sabbatical year","YearBCAD":-1017,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2987,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3697,"Dating":"2987d AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC"}
{"Index":452,"EventTxt":"Now of the three choices  David chose the plague      men died in one day  When the angel was about to destroy Jerusalem  God in his mercy bade him withhold his hand  He commanded David to offer whole burnt offerings and peace offerings in the threshing floor of Araunah or Oman the Jebusite      I","YearBCAD":-1017,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 24:1-25\", \"Ch 21:1-30\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":2987,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3697,"Dating":"2987d AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC"}
{"Index":453,"EventTxt":"David foresaw that the house of God would be built in the threshing floor of Araunah  ICh      Ch     He began to prepare the materials necessary for so great a work  He exhorted his son Solomon and all the heads of Israel to carry the project through to a successful completion  I","YearBCAD":-1017,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 22:1-19","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2988,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3697,"Dating":"2988a AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC"}
{"Index":454,"EventTxt":"He took the number of the Levites  first from   and then from   years old and upwards  He divided them into many ranks and appointed to every one of them their offices  He established a set form both for ecclesiastical and civil government in the  th year of his reign  I     That is the beginning of the year  a year and an half before his death","YearBCAD":-1016,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 23:1-27","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2988,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3698,"Dating":"2988c AM, 3698 JP, 1016 BC"}
{"Index":455,"EventTxt":"Rehoboam was born to Solomon by Naaman  an Ammonite woman  He was   years old when he began to reign  IKi     ICh     For though Solomon called himself a little child  IKi     and David his father said  he was a child  young and tender  ICh         yet in another place  he calls him a man of wisdom  IKi     This was even before God granted him extraordinary knowledge and wisdom  These three things  tender years  a son born and perfect wisdom were not unique to Solomon at    For the same were attributed to king Josiah when he was only        Ch       for Jehoiakim was born when Josiah was only   years old and Jehoahaz was born when Josiah was","YearBCAD":-1016,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 34:1-3","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2988,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3698,"Dating":"2988c AM, 3698 JP, 1016 BC"}
{"Index":456,"EventTxt":"David was now seventy years old  Broken with continual cares and wars  he was so weak and feeble that wearing extra cloths would hardly keep him warm  So Abishag  a young Shunammite maiden was sent for  to keep him warm","YearBCAD":-1015,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2989,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3699,"Dating":"2989b AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC"}
{"Index":457,"EventTxt":"When Adonijah saw his father s decline  he took counsel and advise from Joab and Abiathar the high priest and made himself king  When Bathsheba and Nathan told David of this  he ordered his son Solomon to be anointed king in Gihon by Zadok the priest  Nathan the prophet and Benaiah  the son of Jehoiada  As soon as Adonijah heard this  he fled to the sanctuary and lay hold on the horns of the altar  He was pardoned by the grace and favour of Solomon and set at liberty  I","YearBCAD":-1015,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 1:1-53","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":2989,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3699,"Dating":"2989c AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC"}
{"Index":458,"EventTxt":"David assembled all the governors  captains and commanders of Israel with his sons and servants  He exhorted them all to the fear and worship of God and especially Solomon his son  He ordered them to proceed with the building of the temple  He gave them the pattern of the temple and consigned into Solomon s hands the gold and silver by weight for making every vessel and implement to be used in the temple  I   After this  by David s example and his exhortation  every man was moved to give gold  silver  brass  iron and stones all in great abundance towards the building of God s house  They gave thanks to God  The next day  they offered a   young bullocks    rams and   lambs  with the meat offerings  Solomon was anointed as king the second time and Zadok confirmed as the high priest  I","YearBCAD":-1015,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 28:1-21\", \"Ch 29:1-23\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":2989,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3699,"Dating":"2989c AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC"}
{"Index":459,"EventTxt":"After David gave instructions to his son Solomon  he died  I    He had reigned in Hebron for   years   months and   years in Jerusalem over all Israel   Sa     Concerning the forty years which the scripture attributes to his reign  we must take for the term which he reigned before he made Solomon king in his place and after that he lived for   more months  So that the years of Solomon s reign as mentioned in the scriptures  are to be reckoned from the first month  a full half year  before David s death","YearBCAD":-1015,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 2:1-10","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":2990,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3699,"Dating":"2990a AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC"}
{"Index":460,"EventTxt":"Adonijah used Bathsheba to ask Solomon to give him Abishag the Shunammite for a wife  Therefore  as one still aspiring to be king Solomon had him executed  Abiathar of the family of Eli  was put out of the high priesthood and Zadok  a descendent of Phinehas replaced him  This was foretold by God in ISa        So the high priesthood reverted from the family of Ithamar to the family of Eleazar and there continued  Joab fled to the tabernacle in fear and lay hold on the horns of the altar  He was executed by Benaiah the son of Jehoiada  who was made captain of the host in his place by the king  Shimei  who had before railed upon David  was confined only to his house  yet with this condition  that if at any time he passed over the brook Kidron  he would be executed  I       When Hadad the Edomite heard that Joab was dead  he returned out of Egypt to his country  When Solomon began to follow after vanities  God used him as an enemy against Solomon  IKi","YearBCAD":-1014,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 2:1-46","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":2990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3700,"Dating":"2990b AM, 3700 JP, 1014 BC"}
{"Index":462,"EventTxt":"Pharaoh king of Egypt  gave his daughter in marriage to Solomon  He gave her the city of Gezer located in the tribe of Ephraim  Jos     Pharaoh had taken it from the Canaanites and killed all its inhabitants  IKi     Solomon brought her into Zion  the palace of David   Ki        Ch  ll","YearBCAD":-1014,"Epoch":"4th Age","AnnoMund":2991,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3700,"Dating":"2991a AM, 3700 JP, 1014 BC"}
{"Index":463,"EventTxt":"Solomon offered   whole burnt offerings at Gibeon where the tabernacle was situated  God appeared to him in his sleep and asked him to choose anything he wanted  Solomon chose wisdom to be given him  Therefore  God gave him wisdom from above as well as all other blessings over and above this  The first test of his wisdom was the deciding of the controversy between the two women about the child  This gave him a reputation and the respect from the people  I","YearBCAD":-1013,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 3:1-28","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":2991,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3701,"Dating":"2991c AM, 3701 JP, 1013 BC"}
{"Index":464,"EventTxt":"When Solomon was visited by messengers sent from Hiram  king of Tyre  they wanted to help him with timber for the building of the temple  When Solomon met Hiram s terms  Hiram co operated in the venture  Solomon supplied the workmen  over whom he set pay masters and other officers to oversee the work  I   Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-1013,"Epoch":"4th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 5:1-18","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":2992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3701,"Dating":"2992a AM, 3701 JP, 1013 BC"}
{"Index":465,"EventTxt":"The foundation of the temple was laid in the  th year after Israel s exodus from Egypt  This was in king Solomon s  th year of reign on the second day of the second month  called Zif  Monday May  st   IKi        Ch","YearBCAD":-1012,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":2992,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3702,"Dating":"2992c AM, 3702 JP, 1012 BC"}
{"Index":466,"EventTxt":"Three years after he was commanded not to cross the brook Kidron  Shimei returned from Gath to bring back two run away servants  Solomon commanded that he be executed  IKi","YearBCAD":-1011,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":2993,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3703,"Dating":"2993b AM, 3703 JP, 1011 BC"}
{"Index":467,"EventTxt":"In the    th year of Solomon s reign  in the eighth month   called Bui  the temple and its furnishings was finished  It took   years   months to build  IKi     The dedication of the temple was postponed till the next year because it was a Jubilee year","YearBCAD":-1005,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3709,"Dating":"3000a AM, 3709 JP, 1005 BC"}
{"Index":468,"EventTxt":"This was the ninth Jubilee which opened the fourth millennium of the world  King Solomon celebrated the dedication of the temple with great pomp and splendour  All Israel was assembled together in the  th month  called Ethanim  The ark was brought from Zion into the Holy of Holies  The tabernacle and holy vessels from Gibeon went into the temple treasury  God gave a visible and wonderful token of his presence  Solomon was standing on a scaffold made of brass  kneeling down he uttered a set prayer to God  After this he blessed the people  He then offered     oxen and     sheep  They celebrated the feast of the dedication of the altar for   days and the feast of tabernacles another   seven days  On the  th day the celebrations were completed on the  rd day of the  th month when the people were dismissed to their homes  IKi","YearBCAD":-1004,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 5:3-5","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3710,"Dating":"3001a AM, 3710 JP, 1004 BC"}
{"Index":469,"EventTxt":"On the eighth day of the seventh month  that is  Friday  October  th   it was the first of the seven days of the dedication  According to Levitical law the feast of atonement was held on the tenth day   Saturday  November  st   Lev     At the sound of the trumpet the jubilee was proclaimed","YearBCAD":-1004,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3710,"Dating":"3001a AM, 3710 JP, 1004 BC"}
{"Index":470,"EventTxt":"The feast of tabernacles was held on the  th day   Friday  November  th   The last day of this feast was always very solemnly kept  This occurred on the  nd   Friday  November  th    Ch     Le     Joh     The following day   Saturday  November  th   after the sabbath the people went home","YearBCAD":-1004,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3710,"Dating":"3001a AM, 3710 JP, 1004 BC"}
{"Index":471,"EventTxt":"In the  th year after the temple was built  Solomon finished building his own house  He spent   years on both of them    years   months on the temple and   years on his own house  IKi          Ch","YearBCAD":-992,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3012,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3722,"Dating":"3012c AM, 3722 JP, 992 BC"}
{"Index":472,"EventTxt":"As a reward for Hiram s good will in helping construct these houses  Solomon offered to Hiram king of Tyre   cities of Galilee  or Cabul which were located within the tribe of Asher  Solomon purchased these cities himself  When Hiram refused to take them  Solomon reconstructed them all himself  planting colonies of the Israelites in them  IKi      Ch","YearBCAD":-992,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3012,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3722,"Dating":"3012c AM, 3722 JP, 992 BC"}
{"Index":473,"EventTxt":"When Solomon had finished both houses and the wall of Jerusalem  he moved his wife  the daughter of Pharaoh  out of the city of David  into a house which he had built for her  IKi          Ch     He also built Gezer  which Pharaoh his father in law took from the Canaanites and gave to Solomon  I   Gezer was located within the tribe of Ephraim","YearBCAD":-992,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 9:15-17","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3012,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3722,"Dating":"3012c AM, 3722 JP, 992 BC"}
{"Index":474,"EventTxt":"Shishak  also called Sefonchis  according to Egyptian Chronology  began to reign  Jeroboam the son of Nebat fled to him and continued with him till after Solomon died  IKi","YearBCAD":-978,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3026,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3736,"Dating":"3026c AM, 3736 JP, 978 BC"}
{"Index":475,"EventTxt":"Solomon forsook his lusts and vanities to which he was addicted in his later days  He testified of his deep repentance in his book called The Preacher  Ecclesiastes  and made his peace with God   Ch     Solomon died when he had reigned   years  IKi      Ch","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3029,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3029c AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC"}
{"Index":476,"EventTxt":"Rehoboam  Solomon s son  was made king by all Israel in Sichem  By his harsh approach to his rule he alienated the hearts of ten tribes from him  These tribes sent for Jeroboam the son of Nebat  in Egypt to be their king  Under his leadership  they rebelled from the house of David  They killed Adoram  whom Rehoboam had sent to them  and abandoned the true worship of God  I   In memorial of this sad disaster  the Jews kept a solemn yearly fast on the  rd of the third month  called Sivan","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 12:1-33","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3029,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3029c AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC"}
{"Index":477,"EventTxt":"From this sad division made in that kingdom  Rehoboam reigned over Judah and Benjamin  years  IKi      Ch       and Jeroboam over Israel i e  over the other ten tribes  for   years  IKi","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3029,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3029c AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC"}
{"Index":478,"EventTxt":"Rehoboam returned to Jerusalem and conscripted     men to fight against the ten tribes  Through the prophet Shemaiah  he was admonished from God to abandon this plan  I   Continual war took place between the kings for the rest of their days  IKi","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 12:1-33","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3029,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3029c AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC"}
{"Index":479,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of his reign  Jeroboam repaired Shechem where he was chosen king by the people  This place was destroyed by king Abimelech    years earlier  Jeroboam lived there until he went over Jordan  and built Penuel  IKi     Finally  he built Tirzah and made that the capital of his kingdom  IKi      He feared that his new subjects would revolt against him if they continued to worship at Jerusalem  So he devised a new religion  He set up two golden calves  the one at Bethel and the other at Dan  for the people to worship  I","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 12:25-31","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3029,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3029c AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC"}
{"Index":480,"EventTxt":"NK   On the  th day of the  th month   Monday  December  th   Jeroboam held a feast of his own creation similar to the feast of tabernacles among the Jews  On an idolatrous altar which he had built at Bethel  he offered sacrifices to his calf  IKi       At that time  God sent an unnamed prophet from Judah who foretold what judgment God would execute by Josiah on the altar and the priests that served it  This prophecy was confirmed by signs which appeared on that altar and the king himself  I       From the beginning of this idolatrous worship and public demonstration of God s judgment there  we are to reckon the   years of the iniquity of Israel as spoken of in Eze","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 13:1-34\", \"Ki 23:15-20\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3030,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3030a AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC, 1 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":481,"EventTxt":"This prophet was deceived by another prophet of Bethel  who lied about a message from God  Contrary to the express commandment of God he ate meat at Bethel  Therefore  in his return homeward  he was met by a lion which killed him  When the news came to the prophet which had deceived him  he took the body and gave it an honourable burial  He assured his sons that what had been foretold by that other prophet  would undoubtedly come to pass  IKi      Ki","YearBCAD":-975,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3030,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3739,"Dating":"3030a AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC, 1 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":482,"EventTxt":"SK   The priests  Levities and other Israelites who feared God did not follow Jeroboam but worshipped with Rehoboam in Jerusalem  This helped maintain the kingdom of Judah for three years  This was the time they walked in the ways of David and Solomon   Ch","YearBCAD":-974,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3030,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3740,"Dating":"3030b AM, 3740 JP, 974 BC, 1 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":483,"EventTxt":"NK   Jeroboam continued in his revolt and excluded the priests that were of the lineage of Aaron the Levites from his worship  He made priests for the high places from men of the common people  IKi        Ch           Hence many of the priests and Levites abandoned their possessions in those tribes and settled in Judah  They were followed there by those of every tribe who wanted to worship the true God  They came to Jerusalem to worship and sacrifice to the God of their forefathers   Ch","YearBCAD":-974,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3030,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3740,"Dating":"3030b AM, 3740 JP, 974 BC, 1 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":484,"EventTxt":"SK   Rehoboam  now settled in his kingdom  forsook the law of the Lord and all Israel and Judah with him  Ch     The Jews  who should have stirred up their Israelite brothers to repentance  provoked the Lord with their own sins  They behaved worse than their forefathers  They made high places  images and groves  for themselves on every high hill and under every tree  They did all the wicked things the heathen did in their barbarous worship including those nations whom God had cast out before them  I","YearBCAD":-972,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 14:22-24","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3032,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"3 NK","JulPer":3742,"Dating":"3032d AM, 3742 JP, 972 BC, 3 SK, 3 NK"}
{"Index":485,"EventTxt":"SK   In Rehoboam s  th year  Shishak  king of Egypt  invited perhaps by Jeroboam   who had formerly lived with him  noted in the year    AM  led an army of   chariots      horses  with innumerable footmen from Egypt  The men were from the Lubims  Sukkiims  and Cushites who entered the land of Judah  They had already captured all the rest of their fortified cites and finally came to Jerusalem  The king and his princes were brought to repentance by the preaching of Shemaiah the prophet  The king received a gracious promise of their deliverance at a high cost  They were to release to the Egyptians all the treasure of the temple and of the king s house  All the shields of gold which Solomon had made which Rehoboam remade using brass  IKi","YearBCAD":-971,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 12:2-12","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3033,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"5 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3743,"Dating":"3033c AM, 3743 JP, 971 BC, 5 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":486,"EventTxt":"SK   Abijah the son of Rehoboam  succeeded his father who died in the beginning of the  th year of Jeroboam s  He reigned   years  IKi        Ch","YearBCAD":-958,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3046,"SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"18 NK","JulPer":3756,"Dating":"3046 AM, 3756 JP, 958 BC, 1 SK, 18 NK"}
{"Index":487,"EventTxt":"SK   Abijah and his army of     men  fought with Jeroboam and his army of     men  Because Abijah trusted in God  he obtained victory against Jeroboam  He killed     of Jeroboam s soldiers  This was the highest casualty rate of any battle recorded in the Bible  Abijah captured Bethel where one of the calves was set up and Jeshanah and Ephrain  with all its towns","YearBCAD":-957,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 13:1-22","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3047,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3757,"Dating":"3047c AM, 3757 JP, 957 BC, 2 SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":488,"EventTxt":"SK   After Abijam s death  at the very end of the  th year of Jeroboam s reign  Asa his son succeeded him and reigned   years  I","YearBCAD":-955,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 15:8-10","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3049,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"21 NK","JulPer":3759,"Dating":"3049c AM, 3759 JP, 955 BC, 1 SK, 21 NK"}
{"Index":489,"EventTxt":"This was the  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-955,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3050,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"22 NK","JulPer":3759,"Dating":"3050a AM, 3759 JP, 955 BC, 2 SK, 22 NK"}
{"Index":490,"EventTxt":"NK   Nadab in the  nd year of Asa  succeeded his dead father Jeroboam in his kingdom and reigned only   years  IKi       Id AM    JP    BC    SK      NK","YearBCAD":-954,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3050,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3760,"Dating":"3050d AM, 3760 JP, 954 BC, 2 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":491,"EventTxt":"NK   At the siege of Gibbethon of the Philistines  Nadab was slain by Baasha  a man from the tribe of Issachar in the third year of the reign of Asa  In the same year that Baasha made himself king over Israel  he utterly destroyed all the family of Jeroboam  He reigned for   years  I","YearBCAD":-954,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 15:27-29","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3050,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3760,"Dating":"3050d AM, 3760 JP, 954 BC, 2 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":492,"EventTxt":"SK   God now gave   consecutive years of peace to the land   Ch       even to the  th year of king Asa s reign  or to the  th year from the rebellion of the northern kingdom   Ch       In that year  this godly king Asa put away all public idolatry  reformed his kingdom and fortified the cities of Judah against the invasion of enemies   Ch","YearBCAD":-951,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3053,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"5 SK","NKing":"3 NK","JulPer":3763,"Dating":"3053c AM, 3763 JP, 951 BC, 5 SK, 3 NK"}
{"Index":493,"EventTxt":"Jehoshaphat was born to Asa by his mother Azubah  Later he at the age of   succeeded Asa in his kingdom  IKi      Ch","YearBCAD":-949,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3055,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"7 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3765,"Dating":"3055d AM, 3765 JP, 949 BC, 7 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":494,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of Asa s reign  Zerah the Ethiopian mobilised an innumerable army to invade the land of Judah  This force had       men from the Cushites  who as it seemed came from Arabia Petrea and the desert and the Lubims  besides those who fought aloft from the chariots  Asa met this army with     men from the tribe of Judah and     from the tribe of Benjamin  He called on the name of the Lord and routed and slew that vast army and took much spoil from them  After this he was encouraged by Azariah the prophet  He assembled all his subjects and also many of the Israelites which were loyal to him  They met at Jerusalem in the third month in which the feast of Pentecost fell  They sacrificed to God from the spoil which they had taken    oxen and   cattle and solemnly renewed their covenant with God  Asa continued reformation of his kingdom and removed Maachah his grandmother  a great patroness of idolatry  from the honour of queen mother  He brought into the temple the things which he and his father had consecrated to God   Ch","YearBCAD":-941,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3063,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"15 SK","NKing":"13 NK","JulPer":3773,"Dating":"3063c AM, 3773 JP, 941 BC, 15 SK, 13 NK"}
{"Index":495,"EventTxt":"NK   Baasha saw Asa actively restoring religion to Judah and that many of his subjects defected to Asa so that they might be partakers in God s covenant blessings   Ch     He never ceased to make war upon Asa all his days  IKi       In the  th year since the division of the kingdom  in Asa s  th year  Baasha started to build Ramah to prevent more of his subjects from defecting to Asa   Ch","YearBCAD":-940,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3064,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"14 NK","JulPer":3774,"Dating":"3064c AM, 3774 JP, 940 BC, 16 SK, 14 NK"}
{"Index":496,"EventTxt":"SK   Asa hired Benhadad king of Syria to come and hinder the building of Ramah which he did  Using the stones and timber from the city of Ramah  Asa built Geba and Mizpah  When Hanan the prophet reproved him  for getting help from the king of Syria  he cast him into prison  and at the same time  vexed some of his people","YearBCAD":-940,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 16:1-14","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3064,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"14 NK","JulPer":3774,"Dating":"3064d AM, 3774 JP, 940 BC, 16 SK, 14 NK"}
{"Index":497,"EventTxt":"NK   At the same time Benhadad king of Syria  marched against the cities of Israel  He destroyed Ijon in the tribe of Asher and Dan in Dan  Abelbethmaachah in the tribe of Manasseh and all the borders of Chinnereth  with all the land of Naphtali  This forced Baasha to stop building Ramah and retire to Tirzah  IKi        Ch       Isa     Now this Benhadad was son to Tabrimon  the son of Hezion  IKi      or of Rezon the first king of Syria of Damascus from whom the name of Hadad was passed on to his posterity in the kingdom  This is noted by Nicolaus Damascenus as recorded by Josephus       of his Antiquities  c    ul     where  Nicolaus states  vv The third of that name seeking to wipe away the blot of the overthrow  received in his grandfather s days  marched into Judah and destroyed Samaria","YearBCAD":-940,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3064,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"14 NK","JulPer":3774,"Dating":"3064d AM, 3774 JP, 940 BC, 16 SK, 14 NK"}
{"Index":498,"EventTxt":"Josephus understands it to be the invasion made upon Samaria  by Benhadad  in the time of Ahab  See notes on   AM and   AM","YearBCAD":-940,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3064,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"14 NK","JulPer":3774,"Dating":"3064d AM, 3774 JP, 940 BC, 16 SK, 14 NK"}
{"Index":499,"EventTxt":"NK   When Baasha died and was buried at Terza  his son Elah succeeded him","YearBCAD":-930,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3074,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"26 SK","NKing":"24 NK","JulPer":3784,"Dating":"3074d AM, 3784 JP, 930 BC, 26 SK, 24 NK"}
{"Index":500,"EventTxt":"NK   In the  nd year of Elah and the  th of Asa  Zimri destroyed Elah and his entire family  He reigned in Tirzah for seven days  But the soldiers at Gibbethon  a town of the Philistines made Omri  the general of the army  king  He came to besiege Tirzah and Zimri set fire to the king s palace and destroyed it and himself  I","YearBCAD":-929,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 16:15-18","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3075,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3785,"Dating":"3075d AM, 3785 JP, 929 BC"}
{"Index":501,"EventTxt":"The people of Israel split into two factions  one part followed Tibni  the son of Ginath  the other followed Omri  Omri s side prevailed and Omri became king  IKi","YearBCAD":-929,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3075,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":3785,"Dating":"3075d AM, 3785 JP, 929 BC"}
{"Index":502,"EventTxt":"NK   Athaliah  the daughter of Ahab the son of Omri  as it seems was born   years before her son Ahaziah reigned over Judah  IKi      Ch         See Gill on  Ch","YearBCAD":-927,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3077,"SKing":"29 SK","NKing":"3 NK","JulPer":3787,"Dating":"3077 AM, 3787 JP, 927 BC, 29 SK, 3 NK"}
{"Index":503,"EventTxt":"NK   Omri began to reign in Tirzah over Israel in the  st year of king Asa  IKi","YearBCAD":-925,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3079,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"31 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3789,"Dating":"3079d AM, 3789 JP, 925 BC, 31 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":504,"EventTxt":"SK   Jehoram was born to Jehoshaphat   years  before his father took him as viceroy of his kingdom   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-924,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3080,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"32 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3790,"Dating":"3080d AM, 3790 JP, 924 BC, 32 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":505,"EventTxt":"NK   When Omri had now reigned   years in Tirzah  he then moved the capital of his kingdom from Tirzah to Samaria  He built Samaria in the hill of Samaria  a place which he had purchased from Shemer  IKi","YearBCAD":-924,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3080,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"32 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3790,"Dating":"3080d AM, 3790 JP, 924 BC, 32 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":506,"EventTxt":"Omri died and was buried at Samaria  He was a poor father but Ahab the son who succeeded him was much worse  Ahab reigned   years  IKi","YearBCAD":-918,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3086,"SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3796,"Dating":"3086 AM, 3796 JP, 918 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":507,"EventTxt":"SK   In the  th year of his reign  Asa was diseased in his feet  He sought for help from the physicians and not from God   Ch","YearBCAD":-917,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3087,"SKing":"39 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3797,"Dating":"3087 AM, 3797 JP, 917 BC, 39 SK, 2 NK"}
{"Index":508,"EventTxt":"SK   In the end of the  st year of his reign  Asa died and was buried in a sepulchre which he had prepared in the city of David  The tomb was filled with sweet odours and spices   Ch       He was a good father and an even better son succeeded him called Jehoshaphat  In the very latter end of the  th year of Ahab s reign  he started to reign over Judah and ruled for   years  IKi        Ch","YearBCAD":-914,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3090,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3800,"Dating":"3090c AM, 3800 JP, 914 BC, 1 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":509,"EventTxt":"SK   When Jehoshaphat was established in his kingdom  he began by removing the high places and the groves  In the  rd year of his reign  he sent out the Levites and other chief men into all cities to instruct the people  God gave him peace","YearBCAD":-912,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 17:7-10","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3092,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"7 NK","JulPer":3802,"Dating":"3092c AM, 3802 JP, 912 BC, 3 SK, 7 NK"}
{"Index":510,"EventTxt":"SK   Athaliah the daughter of Ahab  king of Israel  married Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah  This union resulted from the marriage alliance Jehoshaphat made with Ahab   Ch     She had a son named Ahaziah  who at the age of   succeeded him in the kingdom   Ki          Ch","YearBCAD":-907,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3097,"SKing":"8 SK","NKing":"12 NK","JulPer":3807,"Dating":"3097 AM, 3807 JP, 907 BC, 8 SK, 12 NK"}
{"Index":511,"EventTxt":"SK   The eleventh Jubilee","YearBCAD":-906,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3099,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"9 SK","NKing":"13 NK","JulPer":3808,"Dating":"3099a AM, 3808 JP, 906 BC, 9 SK, 13 NK"}
{"Index":512,"EventTxt":"NK   Benhadad  king of Assyria  assembled his army together and with the assistance of   petty kings besieged Samaria  He was defeated by Ahab and fled  I","YearBCAD":-901,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 20:1-43","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3103,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"18 NK","JulPer":3813,"Dating":"3103c AM, 3813 JP, 901 BC, 14 SK, 18 NK"}
{"Index":513,"EventTxt":"NK   About a year later  Benhadad came up a second time as far a Aphek to fight with Israel  He was badly defeated and surrendered to Ahab  Ahab received him with all courtesy and honour and after a while let him go in peace  Ahab made a league of friendship with him  For this act  God pronounced judgment upon him by his prophet  I   However as a result of this league  there was   years of peace between the two nations  IKi","YearBCAD":-900,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 20:1-43","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3104,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"15 SK","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3814,"Dating":"3104d AM, 3814 JP, 900 BC, 15 SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":514,"EventTxt":"NK   When Ahab could not get Naboth to sell him his vineyard  he was depressed  Jezebel his wife  using false witnesses had Naboth condemned to death and stoned  Ahab got possession of the vineyard  For this wicked deed  the prophet Elijah told him of the destruction which was to befall him  Jezebel and all his posterity  When Ahab trembled at this and by a timely repentance  he obtained a respite of this judgment  I","YearBCAD":-899,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 21:1-29","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3105,"SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3815,"Dating":"3105 AM, 3815 JP, 899 BC, 16 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":515,"EventTxt":"SK   As Ahab had done  Jehoshaphat made Jehoram his son  viceroy of the kingdom  Jehoram the son of Ahab succeeded his brother Ahaziah IKi     as king over the Israelites in the  th year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah   Ki      He is said to have begun his reign  in the  nd year of Jehoram  the son of Jehoshaphat   Ki","YearBCAD":-898,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3106,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"21 NK","JulPer":3816,"Dating":"3106d AM, 3816 JP, 898 BC, 17 SK, 21 NK"}
{"Index":516,"EventTxt":"NK   Ahab in the  th year of the reign of Jehoshaphat  made his son Ahaziah viceroy in the kingdom  IKi","YearBCAD":-898,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3106,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"21 NK","JulPer":3816,"Dating":"3106d AM, 3816 JP, 898 BC, 17 SK, 21 NK"}
{"Index":517,"EventTxt":"SK   Jehoshaphat visited Ahab at the very end of the third year of peace which Ahab had made with the Assyrians  He was invited by Ahab to go with him to the siege of Ramothgilead  After being entreated he went but barely escaped from there with his life  I    Ch        When he returned home  the prophet Jehu  the son of Hanani reproved him for helping such a wicked king   Ch","YearBCAD":-897,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 22:1-53","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3107,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"18 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3817,"Dating":"3107d AM, 3817 JP, 897 BC, 18 SK, 22,2 NK"}
{"Index":518,"EventTxt":"NK   After Ahab convinced Jehoshaphat to go with him  he went to besiege Ramothgilead  Before he went  he asked what the outcome of the war would be from the   false prophets and from Micaiah  the true prophet of God  They all told him he would do well but Micaiah foretold his defeat  Ahab disguised himself but was slain in the fight  He was buried in Samaria  I","YearBCAD":-897,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 22:1-53\", \"Ch 18:1-34\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3107,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"18 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3817,"Dating":"3107d AM, 3817 JP, 897 BC, 18 SK, 22,2 NK"}
{"Index":519,"EventTxt":"After he was dead  Moab revolted from the Israelites   Ki         They had been in subjection to them ever since king David s days   Sa","YearBCAD":-897,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3107,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"18 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3817,"Dating":"3107d AM, 3817 JP, 897 BC, 18 SK, 22,2 NK"}
{"Index":520,"EventTxt":"SK   When Jehoshaphat had built a fleet  he send it to Ophir for gold  Ahaziah the wicked son of Ahab went into partnership with him on this venture  At first Jehoshaphat refused the joint venture IKi     but later agreed to it  For so doing  God destroyed the fleet and reproved him by his prophet Eliezer  the son of Dodavah","YearBCAD":-897,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 20:35-37","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3108,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3817,"Dating":"3108a AM, 3817 JP, 897 BC"}
{"Index":521,"EventTxt":"NK   Ahaziah king of Israel was injured when he fell through a lattice of his dining room in Samaria  He asked Baalzebub  the god of the Ekronites  if he would recover  The prophet Elijah destroyed with fire from heaven   captains and their companies of   who were sent to capture and bring him to the king  At last  he went voluntarily with the third captain that came for him  He told the king plainly that he would die      The king did die  He reigned two years  partly with his father  partly by himself  IKi","YearBCAD":-896,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 1:1-18","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3108,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3818,"Dating":"3108b AM, 3818 JP, 896 BC"}
{"Index":522,"EventTxt":"When Ahaziah was dead  his brother Jehoram  the son of Ahab succeeded him in the later end of the  th year of Jehoshaphat and reigned   years   Ki","YearBCAD":-896,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3108,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3818,"Dating":"3108b AM, 3818 JP, 896 BC"}
{"Index":523,"EventTxt":"Elijah was taken up into heaven in a fiery chariot","YearBCAD":-896,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 2:1-25","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3108,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"19 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3818,"Dating":"3108c AM, 3818 JP, 896 BC, 19 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":524,"EventTxt":"When Edom was still under the control of Judah  the three kings from Israel  Judah and Edom united to subdue the rebellious Moabites  In this war Elisha the prophet  miraculously furnished the army with water and assured them of the victory over their enemies  Mesha king of the Moabites was besieged in Kirhareseth and tried unsuccessfully to break out with the small forces he had left  He captured the firstborn son who would have succeeded his father the king of Edom and is called king of the Edomites by the prophet Amos  Am      He offered him for a whole burnt offering upon the wall of the city   Ki","YearBCAD":-895,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3109,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"20 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3819,"Dating":"3109c AM, 3819 JP, 895 BC, 20 SK, 2 NK"}
{"Index":525,"EventTxt":"SK   When Jehoshaphat was old  he desired to settle his estate  He gave the rest of his sons  many gifts and fortified cities in Judah  His oldest son Jehoram  whom he had formerly employed as his viceregent  was made consort with him in the kingdom  This was in the  th year of Jehoram king of Israel and he reigned for   years   Ch            Ki","YearBCAD":-892,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3112,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3822,"Dating":"3112c AM, 3822 JP, 892 BC, 23,1 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":526,"EventTxt":"Jehoshaphat died and was buried in the city of David  IKi      Ch     This good king s wicked son  Jehoram ruled alone for   years  When he was established in his kingdom  he slew all his brothers and many of the other princes in Judah      The Edomites revolted  They had been under the control of Judah since king David s time   Sa     Although they had been smitten by Jehoram  yet  according to the prophecy of Isaac  Ge     they shook off Judah s yoke for ever  Libnah  a city of the priests in the tribe of Judah  Jos     also revolted at this time","YearBCAD":-889,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 21:1-20\", \"Ki 18:20-22\", \"Ch 21:8-10\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3115,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"8 NK","JulPer":3825,"Dating":"3115c AM, 3825 JP, 889 BC, 4 SK, 8 NK"}
{"Index":527,"EventTxt":"SK   Jehoram followed the counsel of his wicked wife Athaliah and set up in Judah and Jerusalem the idolatrous worship of Baal just as Ahab  his father in law had done  He forced his subjects to worship Baal and he was reproved by a letter written by the prophet Elijah who foretold what calamities and punishments would happen to him      These events occurred as predicted","YearBCAD":-889,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 21:11-15\", \"Ch 21:16-20\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3116,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3825,"Dating":"3116a AM, 3825 JP, 889 BC"}
{"Index":528,"EventTxt":"SK   First God stirred up against him the Philistines and Arabians  These attacked Judah and took away whatever was found in the king s house  together with his sons and wives  Since all his other sons were slain  he had only Jehoahaz left      He was also called Ahaziah and Azariah and succeeded his father in the kingdom   Ch","YearBCAD":-888,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 21:1-20","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3116,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3826,"Dating":"3116c AM, 3826 JP, 888 BC"}
{"Index":529,"EventTxt":"SK   After this God struck Jehoram with an incurable disease in the bowels  which tormented him for   whole years   Ch","YearBCAD":-887,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3117,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"6 SK","NKing":"10 NK","JulPer":3827,"Dating":"3117c AM, 3827 JP, 887 BC, 6 SK, 10 NK"}
{"Index":530,"EventTxt":"SK   When Jehoram was afflicted with this sickness  he made his son Ahaziah  his viceroy in the eleventh year of Joram also called Jehoram  the son of Ahab   Ki","YearBCAD":-886,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3118,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"7 SK","NKing":"11 NK","JulPer":3828,"Dating":"3118d AM, 3828 JP, 886 BC, 7 SK, 11 NK3"}
{"Index":531,"EventTxt":"When Jehoram s bowels fell out  he died a miserable death and was buried in the city of David  but without any pomp and not among the kings   Ch       After this Ahaziah his son succeeded him in the  th year of Joram the son of Ahab and he reigned one year in Jerusalem  He followed in the steps of his wicked mother Athaliah and the house of Ahab  He set up and maintained the worship of Baal   Ki","YearBCAD":-885,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 22:1-4","BibBk1":"Ch","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"12 NK","JulPer":3829,"Dating":"AM, 3829 JP, 885 BC, 8,1 SK, 12 NK"}
{"Index":532,"EventTxt":"Ahaziah had a son by Zibia of Beersheba  whose name was Joash or Jehoash  He was proclaimed king at the age of     Ki         Ch","YearBCAD":-885,"Epoch":"5th Age","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"12 NK","JulPer":3829,"Dating":"AM, 3829 JP, 885 BC, 8,1 SK, 12 NK"}
{"Index":533,"EventTxt":"NK   Jehoram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out together with their armies to Ramothgilead against Hazael  He had recently succeeded Benhadad in the kingdom of Syria  as Elisha the prophet had foretold him  In that fight Jehoram was grievously wounded by the Syrians and he retired to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds   Ki        Meanwhile a certain son of the prophets sent by Elisha came to Ramoth and anointed Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son the Nimshi  king over Israel  He told him the will of God for the wiping out of the house of Ahab  As soon as Jehu was proclaimed king by the captains and officers of the army  he marched to Jezreel  There he slew both Jehoram and Jezebel     Jehu sent letters to Samaria which were responsible for the death of the seventy sons of Ahab as foretold by Elisha  He took with him Jehonadab  the son of Rechab and came to Samaria  There he destroyed all the family of Ahab with all the priests of Baal  Although he destroyed Baal worship  he still maintained the worship of Jeroboam s golden calves and the associated idolatry by the Israelites for all of his   year reign   Ki","YearBCAD":-884,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 9:1-37","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3120,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3830,"Dating":"3120b AM, 3830 JP, 884 BC"}
{"Index":534,"EventTxt":"SK   Ahaziah returned from the battle at Ramothgilead against Hazael  Later he went to Jezreel to see Jehoram the king of Israel who was recovering from his wounds  When Jehu found many of his family attending him there and various princes of Judah  he slew them all  Then he searched for Ahaziah himself who had escaped and fled to Megiddo  When he caught up with him on the way to Gur which is in Ibleam  in the tribe of Manasseh  he killed him in his chariot  Ahaziah was carried from there by his servants and was buried with his fathers in the city of David   Ki      Ch        When Jehu was on his way back to Samaria  he met   men of Ahaziah s relatives heading to Jezreel  There they intended to greet the king s children but Jehu had them all killed   Ki","YearBCAD":-884,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3120,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3830,"Dating":"3120c AM, 3830 JP, 884 BC"}
{"Index":535,"EventTxt":"When Athaliah  the daughter of Ahab  saw that her own son Ahaziah was dead  she killed all the royal family of the house of Judah and took control of the kingdom  Jehosheba  the daughter of king Joram  and wife to Jehoiada  the high priest  took the infant Joash who was the son of her brother Ahaziah  Joash and his nurse were hid for   years in the temple while Athaliah ruled  Thus she spared him from the slaughter of the rest of the royal family   Ki","YearBCAD":-884,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 22:10-12","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3120,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3830,"Dating":"3120c AM, 3830 JP, 884 BC"}
{"Index":536,"EventTxt":"Jehoiada the high priest  brought out Joash at the age of   and anointed him king  After he had Athaliah killed  he restored the worship of the true God  destroyed the house of Baal and commanded Baal s high priest Mattan to be killed before his altars   Ki          Ch       Joash began his reign in the  th year of Jehu and reigned   years in Jerusalem   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-878,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3126,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"7 NK","JulPer":3836,"Dating":"3126c AM, 3836 JP, 878 BC, 1 SK, 7 NK"}
{"Index":537,"EventTxt":"Amasiah the son of Joash and Jehoaddan  was born in Jerusalem because he was   years old when he began to reign   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-864,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3140,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"15 SK","NKing":"21 NK","JulPer":3850,"Dating":"3140c AM, 3850 JP, 864 BC, 15 SK, 21 NK"}
{"Index":538,"EventTxt":"Joash commanded the priests to repair the temple of God using the poll tax that was gathered for that purpose","YearBCAD":-857,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 12:4-16\", \"Ch 24:4-14\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3147,"Season":"Summer","SKing":"22 SK","NKing":"28 NK","JulPer":3857,"Dating":"3147d AM, 3857 JP, 857 BC, 22 SK, 28 NK"}
{"Index":539,"EventTxt":"The twelfth Jubilee","YearBCAD":-857,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3148,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3857,"Dating":"3148a AM, 3857 JP, 857 BC"}
{"Index":540,"EventTxt":"In the  rd year of his reign  Joash saw that the priests were quite slow in repairing the temple  Therefore he assigned the task to Jehoiada the chief priest and to others to complete that work","YearBCAD":-856,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 12:6-16","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3148,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"23 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3858,"Dating":"3148c AM, 3858 JP, 856 BC, 23 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":541,"EventTxt":"NK   Jehoahaz succeeded his father Jehu as king over Israel in the  rd year of Joash the son of Ahaziah  He reigned   years  Ki     and Hazael king of Syria cruelly oppressed the Israelites for his entire reign       as foretold by Elisha   Ki","YearBCAD":-856,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 13:3-7","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3148,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"23 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3858,"Dating":"3148c AM, 3858 JP, 856 BC, 23 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":542,"EventTxt":"Joash the son of Jehoahaz  was made viceroy with his father in the latter end of the  th year of Joash king of Judah  He reigned   years   Ki","YearBCAD":-841,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3163,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"16 NK","JulPer":3873,"Dating":"3163c AM, 3873 JP, 841 BC 38 SK, 16 NK"}
{"Index":543,"EventTxt":"After Jehoiada died  his son Zechariah the priest was stoned to death for reproving the Israelites for backsliding into idolatry  This was done by the king s command in the court of God s house","YearBCAD":-840,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 24:17-22","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3164,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"39 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3874,"Dating":"3164c AM, 3874 JP, 840 BC, 39 SK, 17,2 NK"}
{"Index":544,"EventTxt":"SK   The next year some small bands of Hazael  king of Syria attacked Judah and Jerusalem and killed all the chief of the people  They took away all their spoil to their king  When they were gone  Joash was left very sick  His servants conspired against him and killed him in his bed in revenge for Jehoiada s death at the beginning of the  th year of his reign   Ch             His successor  Amasiah in the latter end of the  nd year of Joash king of Israel  reigned   years   Ki       When he was established in his kingdom he killed the servants who murdered his father  However he spared their children according to the law of God as delivered by Moses   Ki        Ch","YearBCAD":-839,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 12:17-21","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3165,"SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"3 NK","JulPer":3875,"Dating":"3165 AM, 3875 JP, 839 BC, 40,1 SK, 3 NK"}
{"Index":545,"EventTxt":"NK   When Jehoahaz the son of Jehu had reigned   years  he died and was buried in Samaria     Shortly after his father s funeral  Joash visited Elisha the prophet who was lying on his death bed  Tearfully he asked counsel of him concerning the state of the kingdom  Elisha foretold that he should have   victories over the Syrians","YearBCAD":-839,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 13:1-9\", \"Ki 13:14-20\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3165,"SKing":"1 SK","NKing":"3 NK","JulPer":3875,"Dating":"3165 AM, 3875 JP, 839 BC, 40,1 SK, 3 NK"}
{"Index":546,"EventTxt":"NK   Jeroboam the second  seems to have been made viceroy of the kingdom by his father Joash  He went to war and in three battles overthrew Benhadad  who succeeded his father Hazael in the kingdom of Syria  He recovered from Benhadad the cities which Jehoahaz his father had lost  Hence we may gather  that Azariah king of Judah began his reign in the  th year of this Jeroboam   Ki","YearBCAD":-836,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3168,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3878,"Dating":"3168c AM, 3878 JP, 836 BC, 4 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":547,"EventTxt":"SK   Uzziah was born to Amasiah by Jecholiah of Jerusalem  He was also called Azariah and was   years old when he succeeded his father in the kingdom   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-826,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3178,"SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"16 NK","JulPer":3888,"Dating":"3178 AM, 3888 JP, 826 BC 14 SK, 16 NK"}
{"Index":548,"EventTxt":"Amasiah became proud of his recent victory over the Edomites  In this fourteenth year of his reign  as Josephus  lib    Antiquit  ca     states  he provoked Joash king of the Israelites to battle  In the battle at Bethshemesh he was defeated and taken prisoner  He was released when a payment of a large ransom including hostages was made","YearBCAD":-826,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 14:8-14\", \"Ch 25:17-24\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3178,"SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"16 NK","JulPer":3888,"Dating":"3178 AM, 3888 JP, 826 BC 14 SK, 16 NK"}
{"Index":549,"EventTxt":"NK   When Joash defeated Amasiah  king of Judah he took him prisoner  Joash broke down   cubits of the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim to the corner gate  When he had taken all the treasure from both the temple and the king s house  he returned to Samaria   Ki        Ch","YearBCAD":-826,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3178,"SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"16 NK","JulPer":3888,"Dating":"3178 AM, 3888 JP, 826 BC 14 SK, 16 NK"}
{"Index":550,"EventTxt":"Joash died   years before the death of Amaziah  Jeroboam his son succeeded him and reigned in Samaria   years   Ki","YearBCAD":-825,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3179,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"15 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3889,"Dating":"3179c AM, 3889 JP, 825 BC, 15 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":551,"EventTxt":"God used Jeroboam to deliver Israel  He recaptured Damascus and Hamath which rightly belonged to the tribe of Judah   Sa      Ch     He restored the former borders Nu     from the entrance into Hamath to the sea of the plain  This fulfilled the prophecy of the Lord which was spoken by Jonah the prophet  the son of Amittai   Ki","YearBCAD":-825,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3179,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"15 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3889,"Dating":"3179c AM, 3889 JP, 825 BC, 15 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":552,"EventTxt":"SK   When Amaziah discovered a conspiracy against him at Jerusalem  he fled to Lachish where he was murdered  From there he was carried to the city of David and buried   Ki        Ch       Uzziah  or Azariah succeeded him in the  th year of Jeroboam  king of Israel as reckoning from the time that he began to reign as co regent with his father as noted in   AM He reigned   years in Jerusalem  Ki       and under him the kingdom of Judah prospered as much as Israel did under Jeroboam the second  As long as he followed the advice of the prophet Zechariah  he applied his heart to religious matters  God prospered him and he subdued the Philistines and his neighbouring enemies  He became mighty in his kingdom","YearBCAD":-810,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 26:2-16","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3194,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"29 SK","NKing":"15 NK","JulPer":3904,"Dating":"3194c AM, 3904 JP, 810 BC, 29 SK, 15 NK"}
{"Index":553,"EventTxt":"SK   Now was the  th Jubilee held under two most prosperous kings  under whom also lived various great prophets in either kingdom  In Judah  lived that evangelical prophet  Isaiah  the son of Amoz  Isa       and Joel  the son of Pethuel  He prophesied before Amos  as Codamanus observes because in Joe     he predicted a coming drought which Amos in Am       said had happened  Amos lived in Judah  among the herdsmen of Tekoa and was called to be a prophet to the kingdom of Israel two years before the earthquake which happened in the days of these two kings Uzziah and Jeroboam the second  Am     Zee","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":554,"EventTxt":"NK   At the same time  Jonah the son of Amittai and Hosea the son of Beeri prophesied in Israel","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":555,"EventTxt":"Jonah was from Gathhepher   Ki     a town of the tribe of Zebulunjoh     in Galilee of the Gentiles  Isa     This is referred to by the Pharisees who spoke with Nicodemus  Joh     Search and know that out of Galilee  never arose any prophet  It seems that at the time the Syrians oppressed Israel  and all were vulnerable to their invasion  that they took great spoil  and no one was able to deliver them  He foretold that Joash his son Jeroboam  would deliver Israel out of their hands and avenge them of the wrong they had endured   Ki       Jonah was later sent to Nineveh  the capital city of Assyria  By his preaching he brought both the king and people to repentance    Mt","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jon 3:1-10","BibBk1":"Jon","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":556,"EventTxt":"When Jeroboam was successfully ruling Israel  Hosea foretold the ruin and desolation of it  He also lived to see its ruin as he continued as a prophet to the time of Hezekiah  Ho     In the  th year of his reign came the desolation of Israel   Ki","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":557,"EventTxt":"Amos was a third prophet taken from Judah as he kept his flocks  He was sent to prophesy to the people of Israel  Am           He was accused by Amasai the priest at Bethel  before Jeroboam  who commanded him to return into Judah  Amos pronounced judgment against Amasai saying vv Thy wife  shall play the harlot in the city and thy sons  and thy daughters shall fall by the sword  Thy land shall by divided by line  and thou shalt die in a polluted land   viz  of Assyria","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":558,"EventTxt":"when Israel shall be carried away out of her own land  Am","YearBCAD":-808,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3197,"Season":"Autumn","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3906,"Dating":"3197a AM, 3906 JP, 808 BC 4, SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":559,"EventTxt":"In Lydia  Ardysus of the clan of the Heraclidae  reigned   years  Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-797,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3207,"SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"29 NK","JulPer":3917,"Dating":"3207 AM, 3917 JP, 797 BC, 14 SK, 29 NK"}
{"Index":560,"EventTxt":"The kingdom of Macedonia  was set up by Caranus  a man of the clan of the Heraclidae","YearBCAD":-794,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3210,"SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"32 NK","JulPer":3920,"Dating":"3210 AM, 3920 JP, 794 BC, 17 SK, 32 NK"}
{"Index":561,"EventTxt":"SK   There was an eclipse of the sun  of about   digits this year on the  th day of June  during the feast of Pentecost     digits indicates a total eclipse    digits would be   of the sun s disk was covered   Another eclipse occurred of almost   digits      years later  on November  th   JP  during the Feast of Tabernacles  A third eclipse of over     digits happened the next year on May  th    JP during the Feast of Unleavened Bread     and  n original document  The prophesy of Amos     is referenced as he states  vv the sun shall set at noonday and I will bring darkness upon the earth in a clear day  I will turn your festivals into mourning and all your solemn songs into lamentations","YearBCAD":-791,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Am 8:8-10","BibBk1":"Am","AnnoMund":3213,"SKing":"20 SK","NKing":"35 NK","JulPer":3923,"Dating":"3213 AM, 3923 JP, 791 BC, 20 SK, 35 NK"}
{"Index":562,"EventTxt":"Up to this time  the early church fathers took this prophecy to refer to that darkness which came during the Feast of the Passover at the passion of our Saviour  In these three dark eclipses which came during each of these feasts  in which all the males were in Jerusalem before the Lord  that prophesy was thought to have been literally fulfilled  Among the Greeks  Thales the astronomer thought Amos was the first to predict eclipses of the sun   June      BC  JD=     middle of the eclipse in Jerusalem       hours GMT  for Babylon         maximum       Babylon        Data taken from Solar and Lunar Eclipses of the Ancient Near East from   B C  to with Maps by Manfred Kudlek and Erich Mickler  published in Neukirchen in    Unable to confirm data using Canon of Lunar Eclipses            Jean Meeus  Herman Muche     Editor","YearBCAD":-791,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3213,"SKing":"20 SK","NKing":"35 NK","JulPer":3923,"Dating":"3213 AM, 3923 JP, 791 BC, 20 SK, 35 NK"}
{"Index":563,"EventTxt":"NK   When Jeroboam died  the kingdom seriously declined  Tumults arose which headed them toward their ultimate destruction beginning first with Jeroboam s own family and then the whole kingdom  This was foretold in      All was reduced to anarchy among the Israelites for eleven and an half years and there was no king during this time  This is deduced when the times of these two kingdoms are compared  In Israel we understand that the   month reign of Zachariah the son of Jeroboam occurred in the last   months of the  th year of Uzziah  The one month that Shallum reigned was the first month of the  th year of Uzziah","YearBCAD":-784,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Am 7:1-8\", \"Ki 15:8-13\")","BibBk1":"Am","AnnoMund":3220,"SKing":"26 SK","NKing":"41 NK","JulPer":3930,"Dating":"3220 AM, 3930 JP, 784 BC, 26 SK, 41 NK"}
{"Index":564,"EventTxt":"SK   Uzziah  king of Judah and his wife Jerusha the daughter of Zadok had a son named Jotham  When Uzziah was quarantined because of his leprosy  Jotham ruled in the king s house and judged the people  When Uzziah died Jotham succeeded him as king when he was   years old   Ki        Ch           From this we can deduce that a short time later when Menahem  took over the kingdom of Israel  that Uzziah was an old man  It was at this time as he aspired to take the office of a priest that he was stricken with leprosy  This is contrary to what the Jews and Procopius Gaseus affirm  from    that this overtook him about the  th year of his reign  The earthquake occurred in the days of Uzziah and Jeroboam  Am       Zee     It is clear that when Jeroboam died  Jotham had not yet been born","YearBCAD":-783,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 7:1-25","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3221,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3931,"Dating":"3221c AM, 3931 JP, 783 BC"}
{"Index":565,"EventTxt":"SK   Eclipse of the sun  see note on   AM","YearBCAD":-781,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3224,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3933,"Dating":"3224a AM, 3933 JP, 781 BC"}
{"Index":566,"EventTxt":"SK   Eclipse of the sun  see note on   AM","YearBCAD":-780,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3224,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3934,"Dating":"3224c AM, 3934 JP, 780 BC"}
{"Index":567,"EventTxt":"In the summer of the year    the first olympiad took place  according to Greek chronologers   Choraebus of Elis won the race  The Iphitean account dates it the  th  As Julius Africanus shows out of the writings of Aristodemus Eleus and Polybius  as in the Greek edition of Eusebius by Scaliger  p      p     states  And here ends that interval of time which by the learned Varro  as in Censorinus  book  de die natali  reports is termed mythological because many mythological things are said to have happened  From this time on Greek history begins","YearBCAD":-776,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3228,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"35 SK","NKing":"9 NK","JulPer":3938,"Dating":"3228c AM, 3938 JP, 776 BC, 35 SK, 9 NK"}
{"Index":568,"EventTxt":"NK   Zachariah the son of Jeroboam  began his reign in the  th year of Uzziah king of Judah  He was the fourth and last of the family of Jehu as was foretold by God  He reigned for   months   Ki","YearBCAD":-773,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3232,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3941,"Dating":"3232a AM, 3941 JP, 773 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":569,"EventTxt":"At the end of those   months  he was murdered by Shallum the son of Jabesh  in the sight of the people   Ki      At this time the calamities foretold by Amos the prophet took place           vv The high places of Isaac shall be desolate and the sanctuaries of Israel made a wilderness  when I shall arise with a sword against the house of Jeroboam","YearBCAD":-773,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Am 7:1-17","BibBk1":"Am","AnnoMund":3232,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3941,"Dating":"3232a AM, 3941 JP, 773 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":570,"EventTxt":"Shallum the son of Jabesh  reigned one month in the  th year of Uzziah king of Judah   Ki","YearBCAD":-773,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3232,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3941,"Dating":"3232a AM, 3941 JP, 773 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":571,"EventTxt":"When Menahem the son of Gad  was going from Tirzah to Samaria  he killed Shallum and destroyed Tiphsah with its borders  He also violently slaughtered all the pregnant women","YearBCAD":-773,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 15:14-16","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3232,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3941,"Dating":"3232a AM, 3941 JP, 773 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":572,"EventTxt":"This Menahem  is by Supitius Severus in his  st book of Histo  Sacra  goes by the name of Manes  This person is also called Manichaus later known as the heretic  in that his name means a comforter","YearBCAD":-773,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3232,"Season":"Autumn","SKing":"38 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3941,"Dating":"3232a AM, 3941 JP, 773 BC, 38 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":573,"EventTxt":"Boccaris Saites  reigned in Egypt for   years   African","YearBCAD":-771,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3233,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3943,"Dating":"3233c AM, 3943 JP, 771 BC"}
{"Index":574,"EventTxt":"NK   While Menahem spent     months fighting to take over the kingdom  God stirred up Pul king of Assyria to invade the land of Israel  ICh      Ki","YearBCAD":-771,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3233,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3943,"Dating":"3233c AM, 3943 JP, 771 BC"}
{"Index":575,"EventTxt":"Pul seems to have been the father of Sardanapalus  from whose name he called himself Sardan pul just as Merodach king of Babylon  from Baladan his father  was called Merodach Baladan  Isa     The following chronologers agree that he is the same person  but call him by different names  Jul  African  calls him Acracarnes  Eusebius  calls him Oceazapes  Stephanus Bysantinus calls him Cindaraxes  Strabo  Arrian and Suidas  call him Anacyndaraxes  By others   as we find in Atheneus        Deiphosoph   he is called Anabaxares  Furthermore  I considered the number of years assigned by Africanus and Eusebius  to the reigns of him and his son  I then counted the years backwards from the beginning of Nabonassar to the end of Sardanapalus  reign  I believe both lived at the same time  This man named Pul seems to have been the same man who was converted and brought to repentance by the preaching of the prophet Jonah  This means that the men of Nineveh may have risen in judgment against this nation  God here raised up a repentant  heathen man to take vengeance on the unrepentent Israel","YearBCAD":-771,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3233,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3943,"Dating":"3233c AM, 3943 JP, 771 BC"}
{"Index":576,"EventTxt":"Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver to help settle and confirm him in his kingdom   Ki       In reference to this  some refer to Ho     vv When Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah saw his wound  then Ephraim went to the Assyrian and sent to king Jareb  who should defend or uphold him","YearBCAD":-771,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3233,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3943,"Dating":"3233c AM, 3943 JP, 771 BC"}
{"Index":577,"EventTxt":"When Menahem was thus confirmed in the kingdom  he was established in the latter end of the  th year of the reign of Uzziah  He held the kingdom for   years   Ki","YearBCAD":-771,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3233,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":3943,"Dating":"3233c AM, 3943 JP, 771 BC"}
{"Index":578,"EventTxt":"Sardanapalus held the kingdom of the Assyrians for   years  according to Jul  Africanus  and Euseb  In his Epitaph  which is contained in Atheneus      out of Clirarchus and in Strabo       and in Arrian        of the acts of Alexander  he is said to have built two cities in Cilicia in one day  These cities were Anchialus and Tarsus","YearBCAD":-767,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3237,"SKing":"44 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3947,"Dating":"3237 AM, 3947 JP, 767 BC, 44 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":579,"EventTxt":"SK   Ahaz the son of Jotham  was born in this year  He was   years old  when he started to reign  Ki      Ch     and reigned for   years  After his death  his son Hezekiah  is said to have been   years old  when he began to reign  Otherwise  Ahaz would only be     years old when his son was born  Hence  Tremelius understands that Ahaz was   years old not when he himself reigned  but when his father Jotham began his reign","YearBCAD":-762,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3242,"SKing":"49 SK","NKing":"10 NK","JulPer":3952,"Dating":"3242 AM, 3952 JP, 762 BC, 49 SK, 10 NK"}
{"Index":580,"EventTxt":"NK   Pekahiah succeeded his father Menahem  who died in the  th year of Uzziah  king of Judah and he reigned for   years   Ki","YearBCAD":-761,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3243,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"50 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3953,"Dating":"3243c AM, 3953 JP, 761 BC, 50 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":581,"EventTxt":"SK   Habyattes the elder  reigned in Lydia   years   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-759,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3245,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"51 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3955,"Dating":"3245c AM, 3955 JP, 759 BC, 51 SK, 2 NK"}
{"Index":582,"EventTxt":"NK   Pekah  the son of Remaliah  killed Pekahiah in his own palace in Samaria  He then reigned in Pekahiah  s place for   years reckoning from the   years of Uzziah king of Judah   Ki","YearBCAD":-759,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3245,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"51 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3955,"Dating":"3245c AM, 3955 JP, 759 BC, 51 SK, 2 NK"}
{"Index":583,"EventTxt":"SK   It was during the  th Jubilee when Isaiah saw the glory of the Lord sitting on his throne  God was surrounded with a guard of angels singing  Holy  Holy  Holy  Lord God of Sabaoth  The Jewish people grew more and more obstinate and blind every day lest they should understand the words of the prophets sent to them and be converted and healed     Joh","YearBCAD":-759,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 6:1-13","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3246,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3955,"Dating":"3246a AM, 3955 JP, 759 BC"}
{"Index":584,"EventTxt":"Isaiah s vision came in the last year of king Uzziah  Isa     He was buried in the city of David in the burying place of the kings  but apart from the rest because of his leprosy  Jotham his son succeeded him in the  th year of Pekah  king of Israel  He reigned   years in Jerusalem   Ki          Ch","YearBCAD":-759,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3246,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3955,"Dating":"3246a AM, 3955 JP, 759 BC"}
{"Index":585,"EventTxt":"Jotham fought a battle against the Ammonites and overthrew them  They became his tributaries for three years   Ch     He had two successors  Micah the Morasthite and Isaiah  Hosea executed the prophetic function  Mic     In his time also  as Josephus       Antiq  c     or    affirms  Nahum the prophet foretold the subversion of the Assyrians and of Nineveh  This came to pass   years later  By that reckoning  Josephus understands that Nahum prophesied in the time of Ahaz  the son of Jotham","YearBCAD":-759,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3246,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3955,"Dating":"3246a AM, 3955 JP, 759 BC"}
{"Index":586,"EventTxt":"In this year Hezekiah the son of Ahaz  was born by his mother Abi  the daughter of Zachariah  He was   years old when he began to reign   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-752,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3252,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"7 SK","NKing":"7 NK","JulPer":3962,"Dating":"3252c AM, 3962 JP, 752 BC, 7 SK, 7 NK"}
{"Index":587,"EventTxt":"Two towns were built in this year  Ardus was one of them  It was constructed on a very small island as Mela notes  The whole circumference of this island was taken up with this one town  Cyzicum was the second town located in Propontis","YearBCAD":-750,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3254,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"9 SK","NKing":"10 NK","JulPer":3964,"Dating":"3254c AM, 3964 JP, 750 BC, 9 SK, 10 NK"}
{"Index":588,"EventTxt":"Arbaces the governor of Media  scorned the effeminate ways of Sardinapalus  He conspired with Belesus the governor of Babylon by sending a battalion of     men of Medes  Persia  Babylon and Arabia  He was overthrown in three battles  but in the fourth the Bactrian soldiers defected over to him  He attacked his enemies by night and unawares and drove them from their camp  When Sardanapalus put all the command of the army into the hands of Salaemenus  his wife s brother  he was also defeated twice by the conspirators  As a result he was almost killed and all his army  When Nineveh was besieged  Sardanapalus sent three of his sons and two daughters into Paphlagonia with a great treasure  They gave it to Cotta  governor of that province  With this treasure Cotta dispatched messengers and commissioners throughout the land to conscript soldiers and provide all the necessities needed to endure a siege   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-750,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3254,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"9 SK","NKing":"10 NK","JulPer":3964,"Dating":"3254c AM, 3964 JP, 750 BC, 9 SK, 10 NK"}
{"Index":589,"EventTxt":"SK   Rome was founded by Romulus according to the reckoning of Fabius Pictor  the most ancient of all Roman writers  This date is confirmed according to the account of the secular games held by the ancient Romans most religiously  This happened shortly before the beginning of the  th Olympiad  on the feast of their goddess Pales  on the  th day of April  However the feast of Pales  according to Varro s account  was a full   years earlier than it is according to Fabius  The poet Ovid said of this day  vv Urbs oritur  quis tunc hoc ulli credere posses   Victorem torris impositura pedem  Fal","YearBCAD":-748,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3256,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"11 SK","NKing":"12 NK","JulPer":3966,"Dating":"3256c AM, 3966 JP, 748 BC, 11 SK, 12 NK"}
{"Index":590,"EventTxt":"That is  A city is born   which who then would have thought  That since the world Has in subjection brought","YearBCAD":-748,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3256,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"11 SK","NKing":"12 NK","JulPer":3966,"Dating":"3256c AM, 3966 JP, 748 BC, 11 SK, 12 NK"}
{"Index":591,"EventTxt":"In the  rd year of the siege of Nineveh the river overflowed with continual rains  It flooded a part of the city and undermined two and one half miles of the wall  When Sardanapalus knew this  he made a huge pile of wood in his palace court and set it on fire  which burned himself  his concubines  his eunuchs and all his riches  The palace itself was also burned to ashes","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257 AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":592,"EventTxt":"The conspirators entered by the breach in the wall made by the water  and took the city  They proclaimed Arbaces as their king   Diod        and Athena       from Ctesias   Therefore the kingdom of the Assyrians was destroyed  From the beginning of the reign of Ninus  they held all of upper Asia for   years as Herodus        c      affirms","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257 AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":593,"EventTxt":"After the kingdom fell  it was divided  Arbaces  whom Strabo calls Orbacus and Velleius Paterculus named Pharnaces freed his countrymen the Medes from the Assyrian yoke  Later  he enabled them to live according to their own laws  Herodotus  in the book previously mentioned  affirms this  Belesis  is called Baladan in the scriptures  Isa      Ki     Agathias        Histo  from Bion   Alex  Polyhist   calls him Belessas or Beleussus  Nicol  Damascennus  in his Eclogs  set forth by Hen  Valesius  Naminybrus  By Hipparchus  he is called Ptolomaus  Censorinus is called Nabonassarus  He held the kingdom of Babylon for  years","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257 AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":594,"EventTxt":"From twelve o clock  on the first day of the Egyptian month Thoth  from Wednesday  February  th  in the evening  in the year   BC  all astronomers unanimously start the calender of Nabonassar","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257b AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":595,"EventTxt":"Meles in Lydia reigned   years   Euseb  Chron   of whom more is to be read about in Herodotus      I e","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257b AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":596,"EventTxt":"Ninus the younger  held the kingdom of the Assyrians  reduced now to the old boundaries   The empire was quite diminished in Sardanapalus    years  Eusebius explained the errors in Chronology in many large volumes of his Greek Chron  out of Castor the Rhodian  This Ninus  for good luck  seemed to have assumed the name of the first founder of the Assyrian kingdom  His own original name was Eliam  as       Histor  Annal  and Thilgamus tell us  In the scriptures he is known as Tilgathpilneser ICh     or Tiglathpileser   Ki","YearBCAD":-747,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3257,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3967,"Dating":"3257b AM, 3967 JP, 747 BC"}
{"Index":597,"EventTxt":"Ahaz succeeded his father Jotham at the very end of the  th year of Pekah  the son of Remaliah and reigned   years in Jerusalem   Ki        Ch","YearBCAD":-742,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3262,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"18 NK","JulPer":3972,"Dating":"3262c AM, 3972 JP, 742 BC, 17 SK, 18 NK"}
{"Index":598,"EventTxt":"Towards the end of the reign of Jotham  God began to stir up Resin the king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah against Judah   Ki     Judah was terrified at the approach of these enemies and expected a quick defeat at their hands  God sent a gracious message to Ahaz by Isaiah the prophet with a promise of his deliverance and the destruction of his enemies  For a sign of his deliverance  when the incredulous king was asked what sign he wanted  he said none   God made him a promise that a virgin would bear Immanuel  He would be both God and man  or God with us  or dwelling in our flesh  With regard to his office  he is the only Mediator between God and man  ITi     He would bring to pass that God would be with us Isa     gracious and propitious to us and a very present help in trouble  Ps         Ro       This message was most befitting the present situation in that all promises of God in Christ  are Yea and Amen   Co     to be fulfilled generally in him and for him  Besides this the land of Judah was to be privileged to be Immanuel s land  Isa     Pertaining to the flesh  he was to be born not only of the Jews but also of the very house of David  According to the prophecy of Jacob  Ge     This would happen before the sceptre would depart from Judah  That is  before Judah would cease to be a nation ruled by kings  Therefore at that time Judah need not fear the destruction of the house of David or the nation of the Jews  However    years later this happened to the Northern Kingdom as predicted by Isaiah","YearBCAD":-742,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 7:1-8","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3262,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"18 NK","JulPer":3972,"Dating":"3262c AM, 3972 JP, 742 BC, 17 SK, 18 NK"}
{"Index":599,"EventTxt":"For a sign of the destruction of those kings who came against Ahaz  the prophet was commanded to bring out Ahaz s son  Shearjashub  He told Ahaz that his son would eat butter and honey until he was old enough to know right from wrong  Before this happened both these kings would be dead  Isa         At the same time Isaiah s wife  a prophetess  bore him another son  God named him Mahershalalhashbaz signifying that the Assyrian would hurry and take away the spoil  They would plunder both Syrians and Israelites before the child would be able plainly to pronounce  My father  or My mother  So the sons of the prophets were made to serve for signs from God to the Israelites  Isa         After these prophecies Rezin and Pekah came up together to besiege Jerusalem where Ahaz was  They could not take it as was predicted by Isaiah     Ki     This wicked Ahaz was no sooner delivered out of this imminent danger  but he forsook God his deliverer and walked in the ways of the kings of Israel  He set up the idolatrous worship of Baal and offered incense in the valley of Benhanan  He made his own son to pass through the fire  He offered sacrifices in the high places  upon the hills and under every green tree      Ki","YearBCAD":-742,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 7:1-7\", \"Ch 28:2-4\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3262,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"17 SK","NKing":"18 NK","JulPer":3972,"Dating":"3262c AM, 3972 JP, 742 BC, 17 SK, 18 NK"}
{"Index":600,"EventTxt":"SK   When Ahaz forsook God  God also forsook him  When Rezin and Pekah divided their forces  they overcame him  This they could not do when their forces were united  God gave him over into the hands of the Syrians who defeated him and carried away a great multitude of his people captive to Damascus  Also the king of Israel defeated him and slaughtered a great number of his people   Ch","YearBCAD":-741,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3263,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3973,"Dating":"3263c AM, 3973 JP, 741 BC, 2 SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":601,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Rezin conquered Elath  which Uzziah had recovered for Judah  Rezin rebuilt it and repopulated it with Syrians   Ki      Ch      Ki","YearBCAD":-741,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3263,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3973,"Dating":"3263c AM, 3973 JP, 741 BC, 2 SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":602,"EventTxt":"NK   Pekah killed     valiant men of Judah in one day  Zichri  a mighty man of the tribe of Ephraim  slew Maaseiah the king s son  Azrikam  the steward of the king s house and Elkanah who was next to the king in authority  The Israelites also carried away captive from Judah and Jerusalem     women  boys and maids  They plundered their goods and carried all away to Samaria  When warned by Hadlai a prophet of God  they released all of the prisoners and restored their goods to them in the presence of their princes and the whole congregation of Samaria  They treated them kindly and escorted them safely to Jericho","YearBCAD":-741,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 28:6-15","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3263,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"2 SK","NKing":"19 NK","JulPer":3973,"Dating":"3263c AM, 3973 JP, 741 BC, 2 SK, 19 NK"}
{"Index":603,"EventTxt":"SK   The Edomites invaded Judah and carried away many captives  The Philistines whom king Uzziah had conquered   Ch       now attacked the cities of Judah in the low countries and southern parts and dwelt there  God gave Judah over to their enemies because of Ahaz s sin and because he had led Judah into sin","YearBCAD":-740,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 28:17-19","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3264,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3974,"Dating":"3264c AM, 3974 JP, 740 BC, 3 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":604,"EventTxt":"Ahaz took all the gold and silver that was found in the Lord s house and in the treasury of the king s house  He sent it for a present to Tiglathpileser king of Assyria wishing him to come and deliver him from the kings of Syria and Israel  He came and took Damascus  and carried away all its inhabitants to Kir and killed Rezin the king of Syria     This fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah   Ki                 as well as of Amos who long before had foretold the ruin of the king of Damascus  in these words  VV I will send a fire upon the house of Hazael  which shall consume the palaces of Benhadad and I will break in pieces the bars of Damascus and root out the inhabitants of the valley of Aven  and him that beareth the sceptre out of the house of Eden and the people of Syria shall be carried away into Assyria  saith the Lord  Am","YearBCAD":-740,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 16:7-9","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3264,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3974,"Dating":"3264c AM, 3974 JP, 740 BC, 3 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":605,"EventTxt":"So the kingdom of Damascus  of Hamath came to an end   Am     and of Arpad  Jer     Isa                This kingdom began with a man called Rezon  IKi       and ended with one of the same name  It lasted for   generations  as Nicol  Damascenes  cited by Josephus        Antiquit  c     affirms  See note   A M","YearBCAD":-740,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3264,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3974,"Dating":"3264c AM, 3974 JP, 740 BC, 3 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":606,"EventTxt":"When Ahaz went to meet Tiglathpileser at Damascus  he congratulated him for his great victory  He saw there an altar and he sent the pattern of it to Uriah  the priest  so that he might make one like it in Jerusalem  When he returned  he and the people offered their sacrifices on it  He moved the brazen altar far from the front of the house so that it would not stand between his altar and the house of the Lord","YearBCAD":-740,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 16:1-20","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3264,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3974,"Dating":"3264c AM, 3974 JP, 740 BC, 3 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":607,"EventTxt":"NK   When Ahaz implored the aid of the kings of Assyria   as it is said in  Ch      kings in the plural  by a usual analogy  or change of the number  Ps     Jer         Isa      against Pekah  Tiglathpileser came  He led away the people of Gilead or Peraea  to wit  the Reubenites and the Gadites and the half tribe of Manasseh  to Habor and Hara and the river Gozan  When he then passed over Jordan  he occupied Galilee and carried away all the inhabitants of Naphtali  who Benhadad had left  together with the men of Galilee into Assyria  ICh      Ki     IKi     Isa","YearBCAD":-740,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3264,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"20 NK","JulPer":3974,"Dating":"3264c AM, 3974 JP, 740 BC, 3 SK, 20 NK"}
{"Index":608,"EventTxt":"SK   When Ahaz had now made himself a servant to the king of Assyria  then he found that he had received more harm than help from him   Ch       Isaiah had previously intimated to him of this using the allegory  vv The Lord shall shave off the hair of thy head and feet with an hired razor  from beyond the river  even the king of Assyria  and it shall also consume the beard  Isa","YearBCAD":-739,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3265,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3975,"Dating":"3265c AM, 3975 JP, 739 BC, 4 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":609,"EventTxt":"Therefore Ahaz built a secret passage between the king s house to the house of the Lord because he feared the king of Assyria   Ki     Tremelius understands this to mean that for fear lest the king of Assyria would assault him from that way and break into his palace  In the midst of all of his afflictions  he sinned still more and more against the Lord   Ch","YearBCAD":-739,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3265,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3975,"Dating":"3265c AM, 3975 JP, 739 BC, 4 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":610,"EventTxt":"NK   When Hoshea  the son of Elah  murdered Pekah the son of Remaliah  he took over the kingdom   years after Jotham started to reign over Judah      or the  th year of the reign of Ahaz  See Gill on  Ki     However the kingdom was in civil disorder and anarchy for nine years and Hoshea had a troubled reign","YearBCAD":-739,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 15:30-38","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3265,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3975,"Dating":"3265c AM, 3975 JP, 739 BC, 4 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":611,"EventTxt":"Candaules  whom the Greek authors call  as Herodotus said  Myrsylus  the son of Myrsus was the last of the family of the Heraclydae  He reigned in Lydia for   years   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-735,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3269,"SKing":"8 SK","NKing":"5 NK","JulPer":3979,"Dating":"3269 AM, 3979 JP, 735 BC, 8 SK, 5 NK"}
{"Index":612,"EventTxt":"Nadius  or Nabius reigned over the Babylonians for   years   Ptol  in Reg  Canone","YearBCAD":-733,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3271,"SKing":"10 SK","NKing":"7 NK","JulPer":3981,"Dating":"3271 AM, 3981 JP, 733 BC, 10 SK, 7 NK"}
{"Index":613,"EventTxt":"Chinzirus and Porus  reigned over the Babylonians    years   Ptol  in Reg  Canone","YearBCAD":-731,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3273,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"12 SK","NKing":"9 NK","JulPer":3983,"Dating":"3273c AM, 3983 JP, 731 BC, 12 SK, 9 NK"}
{"Index":614,"EventTxt":"NK   When Hoshea restored order in Israel  he began a peaceful reign in the latter end of the  th year of Ahaz king of Judah   Ki","YearBCAD":-730,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3274,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"13 SK","NKing":"1 NK","JulPer":3984,"Dating":"3274c AM, 3984 JP, 730 BC, 13 SK, 1 NK"}
{"Index":615,"EventTxt":"NK   Tiglathpileser or Ninus the younger reigned for   years according to Castor and died  After him came Shalmaneser  called Evemassar as in the Greek copy of Tobias  This man seems to be that Shalman  who in the prophesy of Ho      is said to have laid waste Betharbel  The place was famous later for the defeat of Darius the Persian  This is the country of Arbella  in the land of Assyria  beneath Arpad  Against Hoshea  king of Israel  Shalmaneser came up  He made him to serve and pay him tribute   Ki","YearBCAD":-728,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3276,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"14 SK","NKing":"2 NK","JulPer":3986,"Dating":"3276b AM, 3986 JP, 728 BC, 14 SK, 2 NK"}
{"Index":616,"EventTxt":"After Sabacon  an Ethiopian  had taken Boccoris king of Egypt alive  he burnt him in the fire and reigned in his place   years   Affica","YearBCAD":-727,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3277,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"4 NK","JulPer":3987,"Dating":"3277c AM, 3987 JP, 727 BC, 1,16 SK, 4 NK"}
{"Index":617,"EventTxt":"SK   In the last year of his reign  Ahaz made his son Hezekiah viceroy with him in the kingdom  This was in the latter end of the third year of Hoshea king of Israel  Hezekiah reigned  years in Jerusalem   Ki","YearBCAD":-727,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3277,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"16 SK","NKing":"4 NK","JulPer":3987,"Dating":"3277c AM, 3987 JP, 727 BC, 1,16 SK, 4 NK"}
{"Index":618,"EventTxt":"Jugaeus or Julaeus  reigned over the Babylonians   years   Ptol  reg  Canon","YearBCAD":-727,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3987,"Dating":"3278a AM, 3987 JP, 727 BC"}
{"Index":619,"EventTxt":"SK   Ahaz died in this year  The prophet Isaiah foretold the destruction of the Philistines  who at that time  unjustly held a part of Judah  as was shown before  in the  th AM      Likewise he predicted a great disaster to happen to the Moabites within three years       For fulfilment of these prophesies  see   AM and   AM","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 14:28-32\", \"Isa 15:1-16\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278b AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC"}
{"Index":620,"EventTxt":"SK   After Ahaz died  Hezekiah  toward the latter end of the first year of his reign in the first month Abib  opened the doors of the Lord s house which his father had shut up   Ch     He commanded the priests and Levites to sanctify themselves and then to clean up the temple   Ch","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":621,"EventTxt":"They were encouraged by Hezekiah and on the first day of the first month   Sunday  April  st  they sanctified themselves  According to the king s command  came to cleanse the house of the Lord  On the  th day of the some month   Sunday  April  th   they entered into the porch of the temple and sanctified the house of the Lord for   days  On the  th day of the first month   Sunday  May  th   they finished that work","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 29:15-17","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":622,"EventTxt":"Early next morning  Monday  May  th    king Hezekiah called together all the rulers of the city  He went up into the house of the Lord together with the people  With the ministry of the priests and Levites  he offered many sacrifices upon the altar of the Lord with great joy and gladness","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 29:20-36","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":623,"EventTxt":"According to the law in Nu        the passover was delayed until the second month for the following reasons  The passover could not be kept at the same time when that meeting and the cleansing of the temple was being done  The number of sanctified priests was not enough  All the people were not gathered together from all the country to Jerusalem  Notice was sent to all the people from Beersheba even to Dan  Not only the Jews  but some also out of the tribes of Asher  Manasseh and Zebulun  came together in Jerusalem  The rest of the tribes laughed at the notice      The altars for idols and of incense were destroyed first and then thrown into the brook Kidron  They killed the Pascal lambs on the  th day of the second month   Sunday  June  rd   They kept the feast of unleavened bread for   days  They offered their sacrifices of thanksgiving and sang praises to the God of their fathers      As further testimony of their thankfulness to God  they continued   more days  This time was kept and celebrated with great glee and joy of heart   Ch","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 30:1-12\", \"Ch 30:13-22\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":624,"EventTxt":"When they had finished these activities  then all the Israelites  who were present there  about the end of the second month  went out into all the cities of Judah  They broke down the images and cut down the groves and destroyed the high places and altars throughout Ephraim and Manasseh until they had finished the work  When this was done  the Israelites returned home   Ch","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":625,"EventTxt":"Hezekiah went further  He broke in pieces the very brazen serpent that Moses had set up Nu     because in those days the Israelites burnt incense to it  In contempt of it  he called it by a diminutive term  Nehushtan  a little piece of brass   Ki     He appointed the priests and Levites to their duties  He provided for them food and maintenance by establishing again the law of first fruits and tithes","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 31:1-21","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":626,"EventTxt":"On the  rd month  every man brought in their first fruits and tithes and gave them to the priests","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 31:5-7","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3278,"Season":"Spring","SKing":"1 SK","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3278c AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC, 1 SK"}
{"Index":627,"EventTxt":"SK   In the  th month after the harvest of the fruits of the whole year was completed  Ex     the collection of the first fruits and tithes was completed   Ch     Hezekiah appointed officers for the proper distribution of them","YearBCAD":-726,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 31:1-21","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3279,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":3988,"Dating":"3279a AM, 3988 JP, 726 BC"}
{"Index":628,"EventTxt":"NK   Hoshea the king of Israel  consulted beforehand with So king of Egypt and refused to pay tribute any longer to Shalmaneser   Ki","YearBCAD":-725,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3279,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3989,"Dating":"3279b AM, 3989 JP, 725 BC, 3 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":629,"EventTxt":"This So or Sua  as Jerome calls him  seems to be none other then Sabacon the Ethiopian","YearBCAD":-725,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3279,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3989,"Dating":"3279b AM, 3989 JP, 725 BC, 3 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":630,"EventTxt":"Chrysostome  in his  th Homile on John  says that this Hoshea made an alliance with the Ethiopians  Severus Sulpicius  in his sacred History      says vv that he allied with the kings of the Ethiopians  who at that time  held the kingdoms of Egypt","YearBCAD":-725,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3279,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"3 SK","NKing":"6 NK","JulPer":3989,"Dating":"3279b AM, 3989 JP, 725 BC, 3 SK, 6 NK"}
{"Index":631,"EventTxt":"NK   When Shalmaneser knew that Hoshea had allied himself with the king of Egypt  he first secured all the land of the Moabites  So that he might have no enemy at his rear to annoy his army  he razed to the ground their two chief cities  Arnon and Kirhareseth  This fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah foretold three years earlier      See Tremellius on this  Then he went through and wasted all the land of Israel and marched toward Samaria in the  th year of Hezekiah  In the  th year of Hoshea  he besieged Samaria for   years","YearBCAD":-724,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 16:7-1\", \"Ki 17:4-6\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3280,"Season":"Winter","SKing":"4 SK","NKing":"7 NK","JulPer":3990,"Dating":"3280b AM, 3990 JP, 724 BC, 4 SK, 7 NK"}
{"Index":632,"EventTxt":"After Nabonasser s   year reign  Mardocempadus began to reign in Babylon for   years according to Ptolemy s Reg  Canon  By the prophet Isaiah  Merodach Baladan  is called the son of Baladan  Isa     as being Belesis  or the son  or according to a most usual Hebrewism  nephew of Nabonasar  In Mardocempadus  first year the moon was eclipsed at Babylon  according to Ptolemy in his  th book of his great Syntaxis  c     This was in the  th of Nabonasar   th of the month Thoth  as the Egyptians call it   that is toward the end of our March  th  two and an half hours before midnight","YearBCAD":-721,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3283,"SKing":"6 SK","NKing":"9 NK","JulPer":3993,"Dating":"3283 AM, 3993 JP, 721 BC, 6 SK, 9 NK"}
{"Index":633,"EventTxt":"NK   Toward the end of the  rd year of the siege of Samaria  in the  th year of the reign of Hezekiah and  th of Hoshea  Shalmaneser took Samaria  He carried away the Israelites into his own country and settled them in Halah  Habor and the river Gozan and in the cities of the Medes  Tiglathpileser had formerly transported to this place the inhabitants of Perea  or the two tribes and a half living on the other side Jordan  ICh      Ki           Anarchy was in Media before the kingdom of Media was taken by Deioces  This gave occasion to the Assyrians to invade and take over that whole country  This was the place where Tobit or Tobias the elder states that he at this time with Anna his wife and his country men  the Nepthalites  were carried away into the land of the Assyrians  There they provided grain and other food for Shalmaneser s household  Also he was carried into Media and there placed in a principal city of Media called Rages  There he deposited ten talents of silver in the hand and trust of Gabael his near kinsman and one that was carried away captive with him to the same place  APC Tob     This was the end of the kingdom of Israel after if revolted from the kingdom of Judah   years earlier","YearBCAD":-721,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3283,"SKing":"6 SK","NKing":"9 NK","JulPer":3993,"Dating":"3283 AM, 3993 JP, 721 BC, 6 SK, 9 NK"}
{"Index":634,"EventTxt":"In the second year of Merodach s reign  there was another eclipse of the moon in Babylon  This happened in the  th year of Nabonasar  on the  th day of the month of Thoth  at midnight  The Julian calendar dates it on Saturday  March  th  Exactly   days and   and an half hours later  a third eclipse of the moon took place  This occurred on the  th day of the month Phamenoth Sunday  September  st  three hours and an half before midnight  Ptolemy       Magn  Syntax  c     and","YearBCAD":-720,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3284,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":3994,"Dating":"3284b AM, 3994 JP, 720 BC"}
{"Index":635,"EventTxt":"Seuechus the Ethiopian  Sabacon s son  reigned in Egypt for   years   African   He seems to also be called Sethos  priest to Vulcan who is mentioned by Herodotus in his second book c","YearBCAD":-719,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3285,"JulPer":3995,"Dating":"3285 AM, 3995 JP, 719 BC"}
{"Index":636,"EventTxt":"When Candaules indecently exposed his wife to his courtier named Gyges the son of Dascylus  his wife ordered Gyges to murder him  As a result he married the wife of the murdered king and took over the kingdom of Lydia  This is mentioned in a poem by Archilocus from the Isle of Paros  who lived at the same time  So the kingdom of Lydia went from the clan of the Heraclidae into the clan of Merduades  This clan ruled it for   years  Gyges himself reigned   years   Herod        Gyges was but a bondslave as appears by that saying of Cresus his grandchild in Xenophon   Justit Cyri         VV I understand that the first of my ancestors that here reigned  was made a king and a free man both at the same time","YearBCAD":-718,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3286,"JulPer":3996,"Dating":"3286 AM, 3996 JP, 718 BC"}
{"Index":637,"EventTxt":"Plato in his   de Repub  states that he was master of the king s cattle and his name was Gyges  In the eastern dialect this seems to have been Gug  or Gog","YearBCAD":-718,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3286,"JulPer":3996,"Dating":"3286 AM, 3996 JP, 718 BC"}
{"Index":638,"EventTxt":"When Gyges took over the kingdom  he sent various large offerings to Delphi  He made war upon Miletus and Smyrna and took the city of Colophos by force   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-717,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3287,"JulPer":3997,"Dating":"3287 AM, 3997 JP, 717 BC"}
{"Index":639,"EventTxt":"When the Gitteans revolted  Eluleus king of Tyre  sailed there and subjected them again  Shalmaneser the king of Assyria marched with his army and invaded all Phoenicia and came against Tyre  Shortly after he made peace with them and returned home again  Not long after  Sidon and Ace  called later Ptolomais  and Poletyrus or old Tyrus  with various other cities defected from the Tyrians to the Assyrians  When only the Tyrians now stood against him  he returned a second time  In this action the Phoenicians furnished him with   ships  and   sailors  The Tyrians attacked this fleet with only   ships  routed all the navy and took   prisoners  By this the Tyrians obtained a good reputation as a naval force  Shalmaneser returned to besiege Tyre  He set guards by the river and conduits which served the city and cut them off  This hindered them from getting water  They held out for five years and at last were forced to dig wells within their city walls to get water  This is from Menander of Ephesus  in his Chronicles  translated into Greek  from the Tyrian Annals  cited by Joseph     Antiq  c  ult  Eluleus is called Ayluleus by Rufinus an ancient Latin historian  Hence Scaliger calls him Eliseus  I disagree with him in this that he here says that the Cyprians were by Menander called Kitteans  However he by the name of Gitteans  understood indeed the inhabitants of Gitta  or Gath well known by that name in the Bible   Sa         ISa     These were also added to Judah by Hezekiah in the very time of this Eluleus or Eliseus  as may be gathered from Josephus  He says that Hezekiah made war on the Philistines and defeated them  He added all their cities  except one  and country from Gath to Gaza to the kingdom of Judah      Antiq  cap ult   Also from  Ki         Hezekiah smote the Philistines as far as Gaza and its territories  Isaiah prophesied against the Tyrians who at this time were grown proud and insolent by reason of their wealth and success in wars  Isa","YearBCAD":-717,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3287,"JulPer":3997,"Dating":"3287 AM, 3997 JP, 717 BC"}
{"Index":640,"EventTxt":"When Shalmaneser died  his son Sennacherib reigned in his stead  APC Tob     Herodotus in       calls him the king both of Assyria and Arabia too  It could be at that time that the Assyrians ruled over Peraea  or the land of Gilead and Hamath  or Ituraea and held also a part of Arabia  either Petraea  or Deserta  For that Ivah  or Ava  which Sennacherib boasted much of seems to have been conquered by him or his ancestors   Ki         Isa     This was a country lying in the desert of Arabia  Fram  Junius affirms based on  Ki      The prophet Isaiah foretold the calamity which was to fall upon the Moabites by Shalmaneser   of which I spoke in   AM  and   AM    This is taken from Bersus  History of the Chaldeans as cited by Josephus   lib     c      He says that Sennacherib reigned in Assyria and also that he waged a fierce war on all Asia and Egypt","YearBCAD":-717,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3287,"JulPer":3997,"Dating":"3287 AM, 3997 JP, 717 BC"}
{"Index":641,"EventTxt":"This war of his upon Egypt lasted   whole years and Palestina also joined with him in the war  This is deduced from Isa         Isaiah is told to take off his coat of hairy cloth  belonging to his prophetic function  as in Zee      from his loins and his shoes from his feet  He was commanded to walk up and down naked and bare foot for   years for a sign to the Egyptians and Ethiopians  This intimated that when that time expired  they likewise would be stripped of their clothes and go bare foot into captivity and bondage by the king of Assyria  This command the prophet is said to have received in the year when Tartan was sent by Sargon king of Assyria and besieged Ashdod and took it  Isa     Sargon is also called Sennacherib  Taran was one of his commanders   Ki     By Ashdod  that famous city Azotus  a city of the Philistines  we showed before from Josephus that it was conquered by king Hezekiah","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":642,"EventTxt":"Hezekiah had shaken off the king of Assyria s yoke  which his father Ahaz had taken  and would no longer serve him   Ki     In the  th year of his reign  toward the end of it  Sennacherib  came up against the kingdom of Judah  He besieged their fortified cities and took many of them  Isa      Ki      Ch     When Hezekiah perceived that he intended also to attack Jerusalem  he consulted with his princes  He plugged up all the fountains that were around the city and diverted the brook Kidron which ran through the region  Then he built up all that part of the wall which Joash the king of Israel had demolished in the time of Amaziah  He fortified the house of David  and provided arrows and shields in great abundance and set captains and colonels over the people  He called them together and he made a very short speech to them  He persuaded them to be of good courage and not to have any fear of the king of Assyria nor of his army","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 32:2-8","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":643,"EventTxt":"In those days when Hezekiah was very sick he was told by Isaiah that he would die  He poured out his tears and prayers to God and he was healed  Another   years were added to his life  Isa          Ki        Ch     He composed a song  First he showed the seriousness of his illness and the anxiety he had  He told of his prayer to God and then acknowledged the great benefit of his recovery received from God  Lastly he testified his faith in God  and promised to be everlastingly thankful to him","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":644,"EventTxt":"It is true that in the scripture this is recorded after the story of the slaughter of Sennacherib and his army  However not precisely but with a general annotation only of the time  In those days  For this happened before his sickness  these scriptures plainly show  VV I will add unto thy days fifteen years and will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria and I will defend this city","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":645,"EventTxt":"Isa        Ki     Now if we subtract from the   years which Hezekiah reigned  these   years  we shall find that the slaughter of Sennacherib and his army happened in the latter end of the  th year of his reign","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":646,"EventTxt":"The sign of Hezekiah s recovery which God at his request gave to him  was that miraculous going back of the shadow of the sun  upon the dial of Ahaz as recorded in Isa     vv Behold I will bring again the shadow of the degrees  which is gone down in the sundial of Ahaz    degrees backward  so the sun returned ten degrees  by which degrees it was gone down","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":647,"EventTxt":"As Jonathan the Chaldee Paraphraser interprets  the stone of the hours and renders it by the hours of the clock  Yet in his commentary on this passage he observes that the Hebrew word signifies degrees  Also in  Ki     he states  vv wilt thou that the shadow ascend   degrees  or that it return back   degrees","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":648,"EventTxt":"Nor may we ignore the Greek LXX interpretation of this passage since it is more ancient than any of these writings  It states that by these words used here  no other thing is meant in this history but the degrees of those scales or stairs which were made by Ahaz  Since it cannot be shown that until after their return from the captivity of Babylon  there was any observation or use at all of hours among the Jews  Others also attribute the invention of the Gnomon in the dial among the Greeks to men of a later date as Anaximadder or Anaximener  This I shall show later in the note on   AM  However it seems that they received it originally from the Babylonians as noted by Herodotus  when he says   lib     c      vv The pole and the dial and the dividing of the day into twelve hours  all these the Greeks learned from the Babylonians","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":649,"EventTxt":"As concerning the retrograde motion of the Sun as mentioned in  Isa     APC Sir     it is when the sun stood still at the prayer of Joshua the moon also stood still at the same time  Jos       It is apparent that with the sun the moon also  and all the frame of heaven went backward and that there was as much subtracted from the night  as there was added to the day  There was a miraculous alteration in the parts of the normal day  By divine providence things were so ordered that no harm or hinderance did happen to the constant and ever self like motion and harmony of the heavenly bodies  This is evident by those three solar eclipses  of which I spoke earlier  from Ptolemy  The account of these if calculated from our times backward yields the same result of the times as was formerly observed by the Chaldeans and in the same manner as if no such retrogradation or going back of the sun had ever happened","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":650,"EventTxt":"Now in the beginning of the  th year of Hezekiah s reign  Merodach  or Berodach Baladan  the son Baladan  the king of Babylon  sent messengers with presents to him  They wanted to know the reason for the miraculous retrogradation of the sun which happened in the world  Hezekiah from pride and vain ostentation showed them all his treasures and pomp of riches  God presently foretold him of the captivity of Babylon which was to happen  vv Behold the days come  that all that is in thine house and that which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day  shall be carried away into Babylon  nothing shall be left  saith the Lord","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":651,"EventTxt":"He added further that his sons which were not yet born should also be carried into captivity  vv Thy sons also  that shall issue from thee and which thou shalt beget  shall they take away and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon Isa         Ki","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":652,"EventTxt":"Nevertheless when Hezekiah with the inhabitants of Jerusalem  had humbled himself for his former pride  the fierce wrath of the Lord fell not upon them in the days of Hezekiah   Ch","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":653,"EventTxt":"Micah also the Morasthite  prophesied to the people in Hezekiah s days  vv That Zion should be plowed and Jerusalem laid in heaps and the mountain itself of the house of the Lord  as the high places in a forest Mic     Jer        The important thing to note is that the earlier eclipse data was not disturbed by the events in Hezekiah s day  Whatever happened  effected at the very least the sun  earth and moon system  God made time go backward not just have the earth rotate backward  Otherwise the eclipse data would be thrown off for eclipses that occurred before Hezekiah s event happened  An undesigned coincidence in the sciptures verifies their authority  Of all the people in the world  it is only recorded that the Chaldeans visited Hezekiah  They were very careful in noting astronomical events and had noticed something strange as far away as Babylon  They no doubt heard that Hezekiah had something to do with it and hence they went to him to learn more of this event  In   BC they turned over   years of astronomical observations to Callisthenes when Alexander the Great was in Babylon  Editor","YearBCAD":-713,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3291,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4001,"Dating":"3291c AM, 4001 JP, 713 BC"}
{"Index":654,"EventTxt":"Memnon writes that Astacum in Bithynia  was built by the Megarenses  in the beginning of the  th Olympiad   Biblioth Photii  p","YearBCAD":-712,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3292,"JulPer":4002,"Dating":"3292 AM, 4002 JP, 712 BC"}
{"Index":655,"EventTxt":"Herodotus   lib     c      tells us  that Sennacherib invaded Egypt  with a vast army and made war upon Sethon  the priest of Vulcan  This man was a weak king and famous for nothing except for being devoutly or rather superstitiously addicted to the worship of his petty god  Vulcan  Herodotus also adds that even in his time  there remained a stone image of Sethon holding a mouse in his hand  These words were engraved on the statue  vv Let every man that looks on me  Learn godly and devout to be","YearBCAD":-712,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3292,"JulPer":4002,"Dating":"3292 AM, 4002 JP, 712 BC"}
{"Index":656,"EventTxt":"For his and their countries and their own priesthood s honour  the priests in that area expound it this way  Sethon who was both king and priest  had by virtue of his piety and prayers to his god Vulcan prevailed with the god  For when Pelussum  which stands in the very entrance of Egypt was besieged by the enemy  their horse bridles  and buckles of their buckler  were so gnawn to pieces by mice that the next day they fled with the loss of many of their men  However  whatever the matter was at Pelusium  the undoubted word of the prophet assures us  that the Assyrians marched far into the very heart of Egypt and led away a great many captives","YearBCAD":-712,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3292,"JulPer":4002,"Dating":"3292 AM, 4002 JP, 712 BC"}
{"Index":657,"EventTxt":"Nahum s prophecy against No was likely fulfilled by this expedition of Sennacherib s  No was a large and strong city in Egypt  The prophecy was  vv yet was she carried away  she went into captivity  her young children also were dashed in pieces in the top of every street  and they cast lots for their honourable men and all her great men were bound in chains Na","YearBCAD":-712,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3292,"JulPer":4002,"Dating":"3292 AM, 4002 JP, 712 BC"}
{"Index":658,"EventTxt":"The prophecy made by Isaiah   years earlier concerning the rest of Egypt was fulfilled at this time     vv The king of Assyria shall carry away a great multitude of the Egyptians captive and of the Ethiopians young and old prisoners  naked and barefoot","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 24:1-23","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":659,"EventTxt":"do not see why the next two verses should not refer to the Jews  vv And they shall be ashamed of Ethiopia their expectation and of Egypt their glory  and the inhabitants of this country shall say in that day  Behold such is our expectation  whither we flee for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria and how shall we escape  Isa","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":660,"EventTxt":"The Assyrian messenger had a good reason to remind them of Egypt when he said  vv Now behold  you trust in the staff of this bruised reed Egypt  on which if a man lean  it will go into his hand and pierce it  for even so is Pharaoh  to all such as trust upon him   Ki","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":661,"EventTxt":"For we find the same simile used by God of the Egyptians and Israelites  in Eze       and in       Here many things were spoken against the vain hope which the Jews had of help from Egypt  vv Therefore  saith he  shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame  and your trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion  for the Egyptians shall help in vain and to no purpose  therefore have I cried concerning this  Their strength is to stay at home  Isa","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 30:1-31","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":662,"EventTxt":"When Sennacherib returned from Egypt into Palestine  he besieged Lachish with all his forces   Ch     Hezekiah sent to him at Lachish to buy his peace and agreed with him for peace at a certain price  Therefore he drained all his own treasure of which he had formerly been so proud as well as the treasury of the temple  He paid him   talents of silver and   talents of gold  When he took the money  he broke his agreement and sent from Lachish to Jerusalem Tartan  who had now taken Azotus and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh with a large army   Ki","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":663,"EventTxt":"When these came to Jerusalem  they stood at the conduit of the upper pool by the highway of the fullers field  After they called out to speak with the king  Eliakim  the son of Hilkiah and Shebna the recorder went out to them  When they would not surrender the city  Rabshakeh then cried out that Hezekiah did vainly rely on God for help and that he himself was sent by God  After he reviled the God of Israel and Hezekiah his servant with many reproachful sayings  he tried to make the people rebel and defect to the king of Assyria  This they spoke loudly in the Hebrew language so that the people who stood on the wall might hear and understand what they said  This they did to frighten and cause them anxiety so that in the resulting tumult they might easily assault and take the city","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 36:1-22\", \"Ki 18:17-37\", \"Ch 32:9-18\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":664,"EventTxt":"When Hezekiah heard of this  he tore his clothes  put on sackcloth and went into the house of the Lord  He sent Eliakim  Shebna and the elders of the priests  clothed likewise in sackcloth  to Isaiah the prophet  They asked him to seek counsel of God for this sad situation and to pray to God for help  The prophet encouraged them  He said that after the king of Assyria heard a rumour  he would lift his siege and return to his country and be murdered  This all came to pass","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 37:1-7\", \"Ki 19:1-7\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":665,"EventTxt":"When Rabshakeh could not take Jerusalem  he returned to Sennacherib  He left Lachish and besieged Libnah  Isa      Ki","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":666,"EventTxt":"Tirhakah king of Ethiopia did not invade Egypt and Syria as Scaliger groundlessly asserts in his notes on Eusibius  p      and in his Isagogical Canons  page    Rather he sent forces to assist and help the Egyptians and Jews  For the Scripture is clear  that he came to fight against Sennacherib  Isa      Ki     This Tirhakah  Strabo  lib     and     calls  Tearcon the Ethiopian and further notes from Megasthenes  a writer of the history of India  that he passed over into Europe and went as far as the pillars of Hercules","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":667,"EventTxt":"When Sennacherib at Libnah heard a report of Tirhakah coming  he sent his commander with railing letters to Hezekiah  He spoke of the God of Israel as if he were like one of the gods of the nations  mere works of men s hands  Hezekiah took it before the Lord in his temple and with many tears sought help and deliverance from God against the Assyrians  God answered him by Isaiah the prophet  He said that God would defend that city and that the king of Assyria should not so much as come there  but should return by the way he came      Ki       Ch","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 37:9-35","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":668,"EventTxt":"The very same night after these things happened at Jerusalem and a few days after his victory over the Ethiopians which happened about this time as some gather from       God sent his angel to their camp  He destroyed every man of valour  every commander  and chief man in the Assyrian army  The next morning there were found     dead men  After this Sennacherib shamefully broke camp and returned into his own land to rest at Nineveh  It came to pass that as he was worshipping before his god Nisroch  Adrammelech and Sharezer slew him with the sword  They fled immediately into the land of Ararat  or Armenia  and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead          Ch     All this was foretold by the prophet","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 18:1-19\", \"Isa 37:36-38\", \"Ki 19:35-37\", \"Isa 38:1-22\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":669,"EventTxt":"In the first chapter of the book of Tobit  there are these things found which belong to this story  When Sennacherib fled from Judah  he slew many of the Jews for the hatred he had toward the Israelites  Tobit  or Tobia the elder  stole away the dead bodies and gave them a proper burial  When he was accused of this to the king of Nineveh  he fled into hiding for a time  They plundered and spoiled of all his goods leaving him only Anne his wife and Tobias his son  After   days  or as the Greek copy has it  before   days  Sennacherib was murdered by his sons  When they fled into the mountains of Ararat  Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead  Some copies incorrectly call him Achirdon or Sarchedon  The new king set Achiacarus  the son of Hananeel  Tobit s brother  over all his father s affairs and his own  He was his steward and keeper of his accounts and the cupbearer having the privy seal and was the second man after the king","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":670,"EventTxt":"Hezekiah had his son Manasseh  by Hephzibah    years after his life was lengthened and   years before his death","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":671,"EventTxt":"The Medes had up until now lived without a king  After Dejoces would not judge their causes and controversies any longer  civil disorder ensued  The Assyrians used this occasion to take possession of many cities and places in Media as I noted before on   AM  The people did not like the resulting anarchy and they submitted unanimously to Dejoces  This was   years before Cyrus began his reign as Herodotus in his first book states quoting from Ctesias on this point  Both Dionysius  Halicarnasseus and Appianus Alexandrinus  in the beginning of his Roman Histories agree  Though Diodorus Siculus  in his second book  whether through faulty memory or poor copying puts Cyazaris for Dejoces  He is said to have been elected king over the Medes  about the second year of the  th Olympiad according to Herodotus  For subtracting   years from the beginning of the reign of Cyrus which he supposed happened in the beginning of the  th Olympiad results in the middle of the year   JP or   BC  It follows that the  st year of Dejoces the first king of the Medes must be in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad in the middle of the year   JP  This allowed the latter end of the second year of the same Olympiad to have been spent in the transaction of this business and election of the new king  This is the first epoch or point of the beginning of this new kingdom of the Medes  Herodotus correctly determined and recorded this fact  The precise times of every king s reign when compared with the eclipse of the sun  which happened in the reign of Cyaxares described later in the   AM  will be shown as we proceed","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3294,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3294c AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":672,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee which was the middle most of all the jubilees  was the most joyful except for the one at Solomon s dedication of the temple  The fresh memory of so great a deliverance and for the prosperity that happened made this one of the best jubilees ever  Many brought offerings and gifts to the Lord at Jerusalem and rich presents for the king  He was magnified later among all nations  and prospered in whatever he undertook to do   Ch","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3295,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3295a AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":673,"EventTxt":"After this great deliverance God prospered Judah greatly   Ch     Isa       That this was a jubilee is necessary to understand the sign of God s mercy given the year before to Hezekiah  vv You shall eat saith God  this year  that which groweth of itself  the second year  that which springeth of the   and in the third year  sow ye and reap ye and plant vineyards and eat of the fruit thereof  Isa      Ki","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3295,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3295a AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":674,"EventTxt":"The previous year s harvest was either gathered by the enemy which roved all over the country   according to God s threatening  Le     De     Jer      or spoiled and trodden underfoot by them  It would be necessary for the people to live that year upon that which grew by itself  Because this year was a Jubilee  it was not lawful either to sow or reap  Otherwise  if no Sabbatical year intervened  they might have done this  Since the Assyrian army was destroyed by the angel  there was nothing to hinder them from planting a crop  But the following year when there was neither enemy to frighten them  nor Sabbatical year to prevent them  they might legally resume farming as at other times","YearBCAD":-710,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3295,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4004,"Dating":"3295a AM, 4004 JP, 710 BC"}
{"Index":675,"EventTxt":"After Mardosempadus  or Merodach Baladan had reigned   years in Babylon  he was succeeded by Arkianus in the  th year of Nabonaser and reigned   years  Ptol  in Reg  Can","YearBCAD":-709,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3295,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4005,"Dating":"3295b AM, 4005 JP, 709 BC"}
{"Index":676,"EventTxt":"According to Eusub  Chron   Parion in the coast of Hellespont  near to Lampsacus was built or rather re established by the Milesians and Erythreans who sent a colony there at this time","YearBCAD":-709,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3295,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4005,"Dating":"3295b AM, 4005 JP, 709 BC"}
{"Index":677,"EventTxt":"Dejoces king of the Medes built Ecbatane this year in the first year of the  th Olympiad according to Eusebius  Greek Chronicle  This city in Ezr     is called Achmetha  but Ctesias in his Persica  as Stephanus Byzantinus states  called it Agbatam  A fuller description of the construction of it is in APC    where it is said that it was built by Arphaxad king of Medes  Herodotus and other writers attributed it to Dejoces  It appears that the same man was called by both names  More will be said on this in the notes on   AM","YearBCAD":-708,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jud 1:1-16","BibBk1":"Jud","AnnoMund":3296,"JulPer":4006,"Dating":"3296 AM, 4006 JP, 708 BC"}
{"Index":678,"EventTxt":"Taracas or Tirhaka the Ethiopian reigned in Egypt   years  See note on   AM   Africanus","YearBCAD":-705,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3299,"JulPer":4009,"Dating":"3299 AM, 4009 JP, 705 BC"}
{"Index":679,"EventTxt":"After Arkianus  there was no king for   years","YearBCAD":-704,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3300,"JulPer":4010,"Dating":"3300 AM, 4010 JP, 704 BC"}
{"Index":680,"EventTxt":"Belibus  or Belithus and Belelus  held the kingdom of Babylon for   years   Ptol  Reg  Canon","YearBCAD":-702,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3302,"JulPer":4012,"Dating":"3302 AM, 4012 JP, 702 BC"}
{"Index":681,"EventTxt":"Apronadius reigned in Babylon for   years   Ptol  Reg  Canon","YearBCAD":-699,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3305,"JulPer":4015,"Dating":"3305 AM, 4015 JP, 699 BC"}
{"Index":682,"EventTxt":"Hezekiah was buried in the upper part of the sepulchres of the family of David  All Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem paid him every honour possible   Ch     After Hezekiah  came his son Manasseh who reigned   years   Ki     He again set up the high places which his father Hezekiah had pulled down  He built altars to all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord  He made his son pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom  He used divinations and sorceries and soothsayings and set up a molten image in the house of the Lord  He made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to sin and do worse than all the nations  whom God had driven out before the Israelites   Ki          Ch       He also shed much innocent blood  insomuch that he filled Jerusalem with it  In addition to his own sin  he made Judah to sin and to do that which was evil in the sight of the Lord   Ki         Manasseh is thought to have cut the prophet Isaiah into two pieces with a wooden saw  The Babylonian Talmud in their treatise  Justin Martyr in his Coloquie with Tryphon  Jerome upon Isa     and others of our men  explain the passage in Heb       vv were sawed in pieces","YearBCAD":-698,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3306,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4016,"Dating":"3306c AM, 4016 JP, 698 BC"}
{"Index":683,"EventTxt":"as referring to Isaiah  For all this God threatened that  vv he would stretch out over Jerusalem  the line of Samaria and the plumb of the house of Ahab  and that he would wipe Jerusalem  as one useth to do  when he wipes a dish and turneth it upside down   Ki","YearBCAD":-698,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3306,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4016,"Dating":"3306c AM, 4016 JP, 698 BC"}
{"Index":684,"EventTxt":"Rigibelus reigned over the Babylonians for one year   Ptol  Reg  Can","YearBCAD":-693,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3311,"JulPer":4021,"Dating":"3311 AM, 4021 JP, 693 BC"}
{"Index":685,"EventTxt":"Mesissimordacus reigned over the Babylonians for   years   Ptol  Reg  Can","YearBCAD":-692,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3312,"JulPer":4022,"Dating":"3312 AM, 4022 JP, 692 BC"}
{"Index":686,"EventTxt":"There was a vacancy of a king in Babylon for   years   Ptol  Reg  Can","YearBCAD":-688,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3316,"JulPer":4026,"Dating":"3316 AM, 4026 JP, 688 BC"}
{"Index":687,"EventTxt":"According to Herodotus   lib     c     Dejoces extended the kingdom of the Medes  as far as the river Halys    years before the end of the reign of Aastyages","YearBCAD":-688,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3316,"JulPer":4026,"Dating":"3316 AM, 4026 JP, 688 BC"}
{"Index":688,"EventTxt":"In the  rd Olympiad  Herostratus Naucraties a merchant of Egypt  went to Paphos in the island of Cyprus  There he bought a little image of Venus about the size of the palm of a man s hand and of very ancient workmanship  By its power he was miraculously delivered from a storm at sea  He consecrated the image at Naucratis in the temple of Venus  with great solemnity  This is according to Atheneus  who was born in the same place  in his  th book Deipnosophist  However  according to Scrabo         there was no such town as Naucratis in Egypt at that time nor until later when it was built by the Milesians  This was in the time of Cyaxeris king of Medes and of Psamyticus king of Egypt  who both lived at the same time","YearBCAD":-688,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3316,"JulPer":4026,"Dating":"3316 AM, 4026 JP, 688 BC"}
{"Index":689,"EventTxt":"Civil disorder increased in Egypt for there was no king for   years   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-687,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3317,"JulPer":4027,"Dating":"3317 AM, 4027 JP, 687 BC"}
{"Index":690,"EventTxt":"After this Egypt was ruled by an aristocracy of   men who governed the kingdom by a Common Council  This government according by Herod         c     and Diod  Sic          is said to have lasted   years  Tremellius is of the opinion  that the burden of Egypt  spoken of by the prophet Isa       refers to the drying up of the river Nile as foretold in  vv They shall want of their waters  to run into the sea  so that their river shall be dried up and turning away their waters  they shall empty and dry up their channels fenced with banks","YearBCAD":-685,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3319,"JulPer":4029,"Dating":"3319 AM, 4029 JP, 685 BC"}
{"Index":691,"EventTxt":"Based on Herodotus  Tremellius states  vv The   petty kings using the labour of this poor people  shall strive to overrule the very works of nature and shall turn away the waters of Nile  Even to make its channels dry  They did this so that they might finish their pond or lake of Marios with their Pyramides and Labyrinth solely for their lust and pleasure s sake","YearBCAD":-685,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3319,"JulPer":4029,"Dating":"3319 AM, 4029 JP, 685 BC"}
{"Index":692,"EventTxt":"But Scaliger in his Canon  Isagog  understands it  that there should be there so great a drought that their river Nile in the summer season would not rise nor flow nor water Egypt as it normally did  He refers this prophesy to the earlier times of Soij or Sabbacon","YearBCAD":-685,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3319,"JulPer":4029,"Dating":"3319 AM, 4029 JP, 685 BC"}
{"Index":693,"EventTxt":"When the family of the Babylonian kings died out  after   years of no kings  Esarhaddon the king of Assyria conquered them and held that kingdom for   years   Ptolemy s  Can  Reg   It appears Assaradinus is the same person as Esarhaddon  This is from the similarity in the names and by the word of the Holy Scripture  It intimates that he was king both of Assyria and Babylon at the same time   Ki         See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-681,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3323,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4033,"Dating":"3323c AM, 4033 JP, 681 BC"}
{"Index":694,"EventTxt":"Ardys the son of Gyges  reigned in Lydia for   years  He captured Pryene and invaded Miletus   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-680,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3324,"JulPer":4034,"Dating":"3324 AM, 4034 JP, 680 BC"}
{"Index":695,"EventTxt":"In Sicily  the city Gela was built and in Pamphilia  Phaselis by two brothers  Antiphemus and Lacius   Euseb  Chron   They consulted the oracle at Delphi concerning a place to live  It answered that the one should sail westward and the other eastward  as Stephanus Byzantinus in the word Gela  reports  from Aristenetus on his first commentary of Phaselis  Heropythus in his book of the Borders of the Colophonians  said concerning the building of Phaselis  that Lacius who transported a colony there  met Cylabra  a shepherd with his flock  He gave him the price of the ground where he built his city from his provisions  Philostephanus in his book entitled  Of the Cities of Asia  gives a more detailed account of Lacius and a man from Argos  One of them went with Mopsus  the founder of the city Colophos  and whom some call Lindius  brother to Antiphemus the builder of Gela   Lindius is said to have been of Rhodes by Herodotus       and by Thucidides        Lacius was sent by Mopsus with another man  by the oracle and wish of Mantus and Mopsus  his mother  Because the decks of his ships were smashed in a tempest about the Chelidonian Isles  he could not arrive till late at night  There he bought the plot of ground where he built his city  as Mantus had foretold  He gave certain salt meats for it to Bylabra the owner of it  This is what he desired most from all their ship s provisions   Athens Deipnosoph","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":696,"EventTxt":"In this year the prophecy was fulfilled that was spoken by Isaiah      In the beginning of the reign of Ahaz  within   years  Ephraim shall be conquered and never be a nation again  For although most of them were carried away by Shalmaneser   years earlier and the kingdom utterly destroyed  yet among them who were left there was some form of government  Now they ceased to be a distinct people because of the many foreigners who came to live there  Compared to the total population  the small number of the Ephraimites was not significant  A few remained in their country as appears from the story of Josiah   Ch              Ki       There were every now and then new colonies of people sent from Babel  Cush  Halvah and Sepharvaim  These dwelt in Samaria and its cities   Ki     This was done by Esarhaddon king of Assyria  who was also called  Asnappar the Great and magnificent   This is evident by the confession of the Cushites in Ezr","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Isa 7:1-8","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":697,"EventTxt":"At the same time as Israel was conquered  the same Assyrian army attacked Judah  They captured Manasseh the king  as he was hiding in a thicket  They bound him with chains of brass and carried him captive into Babylon   Ch        Some think this calamity was foretold by the prophet Isaiah  when he says  vv within sixty five years Ephraim shall be so broken in pieces  that it shall be no more a people  And the head of Ephraim is Samaria  is the son of Remaliah  And if you will not believe  you shall not be established  Isa","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":698,"EventTxt":"Jacobus Capellus has noted in his Chron  that you yourselves also shall be broken in pieces  Further  he adds that also the Jews in Seder Olams Rabba and the Talmudists  cited by Rabbi Kimchi  on    state this","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 4:1-17","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":699,"EventTxt":"In the  nd year of Manasseh s reign  he was carried away captive into Babylon  After he repented of his sin    years before his death  God restored him again to his kingdom   Ch       His captivity likely did not last very long for no notice of it is taken in     It is recorded that he reigned   years in Jerusalem   Ki      Ch","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 21:1-18","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":700,"EventTxt":"When the new inhabitants of Samaria did not serve the God of Israel  some were killed by lions  When the king of Assyria was told this  he ordered that one of the priests  which were brought from there in the captivity  should be sent back  When the priest returned he made his residence at Bethel  There he taught them how to worship God but according to Jeroboam s religion  They worshipped the calf at Bethel as well as their old idols  They are said to have feared God and not to have feared him  There is little difference between worshipping many gods and no God at all   Ki         This was the beginning of the animosity which grew later between the Samaritans and the Jews  Ezr     Ne     Joh","YearBCAD":-677,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3327,"JulPer":4037,"Dating":"3327 AM, 4037 JP, 677 BC"}
{"Index":701,"EventTxt":"According to Euseb  Chron   Chalcedon  or Calcedon   as it is found on some old coins  was built by the Megarenses at the mouth of the Euxine Sea among the Thracians  They had possession of Bithynia in Asia   Thucidid        Strabo","YearBCAD":-675,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3329,"JulPer":4039,"Dating":"3329 AM, 4039 JP, 675 BC"}
{"Index":702,"EventTxt":"Psammiticus Saits  the son of Pharaohnecho  was murdered by Sabbacon the Ethiopian and one of those twelve tyrants of Egypt  Sabbacon took over the kingdom and reigned there   years   Herod        c     and c      Isaiah seems to allude to this when he says  vv And the Egyptians will I give up into the hands of lords  which shall lord it cruelly over them  till a fierce king shall come to rule them  Isa","YearBCAD":-670,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3334,"JulPer":4044,"Dating":"3334 AM, 4044 JP, 670 BC"}
{"Index":703,"EventTxt":"Psammitichus was sent away and confined in the low country near the sea  He hired soldiers out of Arabia and a number of pirates from Ionia and Carions  who roved about that shore and assembled the Egyptians who sided with him  In the main battle fought near to Memphis  he overthrew the rest of those domineering lords  For their good service  the Ionians and Carions had land assigned to them to live in  This land was around the cities of Bubastis and Pelusius  which stood upon the mouth of the river Nile  From that time on  the Greeks and other foreigners were always welcome in Egypt   Herod        Diod  Sic         The same Herodotus also reports  that after a   year siege  this Psammiticus took by force a large city in Syria called Azotus   ib  c      That is the city of Ashdod  I showed perviously on the note on   AM that it was taken by Tartan the commander of the king of Assyria and his army in one year  It was so destroyed by Psammitichus that as the prophet Jeremiah says there was but a remnant of its people left in his days  Jer","YearBCAD":-670,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3334,"JulPer":4044,"Dating":"3334 AM, 4044 JP, 670 BC"}
{"Index":704,"EventTxt":"After Assaridinus or Esarhaddon  Saosduchinus ruled both of the empires of Assyria and Babylon for   years   Ptol  Can  Reg   In the book of Judith that was written in the Chaldee language by some Jew living in Babylon  he is called Nabuchodonosor  a name common to all kings of Babylon  However he was called the king of Assyria and is said to have reigned in the great city of Nineveh  APC Jud     The learned Franc  Junius thinks that Saosduchinus is the same person as Merodach Baladan of the Bible  the grandfather of that Nebucadnetzar and great grandfather of Nebuchadnezzar  Hence he thinks it was Merodach Baladan who took king Manasseh prisoner to Babylon and released him later  For he states  this man was the first king of Babylon and was later made king of Assyria  succeeding in that kingdom after Esarhaddon the Great  When his brothers were found guilty of murdering their father  they were deemed unworthy of the kingdom  After this  all Asia was in a tumult from a war which lasted a long time after","YearBCAD":-668,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3336,"JulPer":4046,"Dating":"3336 AM, 4046 JP, 668 BC"}
{"Index":705,"EventTxt":"The succession of Asar Adon Merodach  Ben Merodach and Nebuchadnezzar  first and second  is only based on Anianus  that false Metasthenus  According to Junius  Merodach was not grandfather of Nebuchadnezzar or rather Nabopolastar of Nebuchadnezzar the great  Neither was he at first only a trustee of the king of Assyria and later came to be king both of Assyria and Babylon   Ki     Nor did he ever succeed Esarhaddon the great in any kingdom of his  since this Mardocempadus or Merodach died     years before ever Manasseh became king  Also   years after his death  Aassaradinus or Essarchaddon left Saosduchinus to succeed him in both the Assyrian and the Babylonian kingdom as we noted from Ptolemy s Canon  Reg  If Junius  a man of no less modesty than learning  had seen this  no doubt he would have altered his opinion in this point  Therefore I thought it good in this place to have the reader note that from an event that never happened he should not seek to interpret the prophecy of Eze                 as Junius distinguishes them  This is  Esarhaddon the Assyrian  was put down  or thrust out of his kingdom  by Merodach Baladan  Therefore  all defected from him and many of them fled to the king of Babylon","YearBCAD":-668,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3336,"JulPer":4046,"Dating":"3336 AM, 4046 JP, 668 BC"}
{"Index":706,"EventTxt":"As in the sentence following  So that now the land of Assyria  was most shamefully trodden under foot and brought into contempt of all men  Ver","YearBCAD":-668,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3336,"JulPer":4046,"Dating":"3336 AM, 4046 JP, 668 BC"}
{"Index":707,"EventTxt":"Meshullemeth the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah  bore to Manasseh his son Ammon  He was  years old when he began to reign   Ki","YearBCAD":-665,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3339,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4049,"Dating":"3339c AM, 4049 JP, 665 BC"}
{"Index":708,"EventTxt":"This was the  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-661,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3344,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4053,"Dating":"3344a AM, 4053 JP, 661 BC"}
{"Index":709,"EventTxt":"In APC Jud          we read that Nabuchadonosor  king of Assyria  in the  th year of his reign overcome Arphaxad the king of the Medes  the founder of the city Ecbatan  This battle was in the great plain of Ragau near to Euphrates and Tigris and Jadason in the plain of the country of Erioch king of the Elicians   We read this in the first chapter of the book of Judith which Jerome at the request of Paula and Eustochiam translated into Latin   However  whoever first published that book in Greek with many alterations and additions of his own  tells us that Nabuchodanosor in the  th year of his reign fought a battle with king Arphaxad  This was in a great plain near Ragau  Arphaxad was helped in the battle by all that inhabited the hill countries  all that bordered on the river of Euphrates and Tigris  and Hydaspes and that dwelt in the plain of Arioch king of the Elymeans  APC    After reviewing the battles mentioned before  he tells us  that he fought this battle against Arphaxad in the  th year  He conquered all of Ecbatan and in the hill country of Ragan  thrust Arphaxad through with his own spear  When he had accomplished his aim in the war  he returned to Nineveh to feast and celebrate with his army for   days  According to Herodotus  Dejoces  death occurred in the  th year of Saosduchinus  reign  One would argue that Saosduchinus and Dejoces are named Nabuchadonosor and Arphaxad in the book of Judith  In trying to render a reliable succession of kings in Media  to the fables of Cresias  Franc  Junius would need to divide the Median empire into two parts  However  Herodotus known as the father of histories sees no division of the kingdoms at all  Fr  Junius gives one of the kingdoms to Dejoces  also called Arioch  Jer      APC     The other part of Media he assigns to Artecarmins  whom Ctesias calls Articam and who is here called Arphaxed   This king Arphaxed  established his kingdom at Ecbatan to the end  He thought this to be a strong place in which he would best withstand the assault of Dejoces and all other enemies  Since no division ever was made of Media  both the name of Arphaxad and the Ecbatan kingdom should have been given to Dejoces and not to Arioch or Atticarmes  The book of Judith states that Arphaxad was the founder of Ecbatan  Herodotus and others affirm that Dejoces  also called Arphaxad  was indeed the founder  No one ever wrote that Arioch or Artecarmes built it","YearBCAD":-657,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Tob 1:5-6\", \"Jud 1:6-16\")","BibBk1":"Tob","AnnoMund":3347,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4057,"Dating":"3347c AM, 4057 JP, 657 BC"}
{"Index":710,"EventTxt":"After Dejoces died  Phraortes  his son succeeded him and reigned for   years   Herodotus     I e","YearBCAD":-657,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3347,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4057,"Dating":"3347c AM, 4057 JP, 657 BC"}
{"Index":711,"EventTxt":"According to the Chaldee copy of APC Jud     Arphaxad  or Dejoces  is said to be the  th king of Ecbatan but in the Greek  the  th   One year after Dejoces was overthrown  on the  nd day of the first month  Nabuchadonosor made plans to subdue nations and add countries to his dominion  He made Holophernes general of all his armies  Holophernes besieged Bethhoglah  also called Bethulia  a city of Judah  While this was happening he was beheaded by Judith  a woman of the tribe of Simeon  After the death of her husband Manasseh  who died in the time of the barley harvest  she spent   years of widowhood in that city  The Greek copy says she was a widow for   years  APC Jud","YearBCAD":-656,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3348,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4058,"Dating":"3348c AM, 4058 JP, 656 BC"}
{"Index":712,"EventTxt":"In this year  Isthemus and Borysthenes were built in the country of Pontus  Also  Lampsacus in Hellespont and Abdera in Thrace  were built according to Euseb  Chron  that is  Borysthenes by the Milesians of Ionia  Lampsacus by the Pheonceans and Abdera by the citizens of Clazomene  Solinus c    explains that the sister of Diomedes first built Abdera  After it fell into ruin it was rebuilt and enlarged by the Clazomenians  This took place in the  st Olympiad which ended a year prior to this date  The leader of the Clazomene colony  was Timesius a citizen of Clazomene   Herodotus       c       Herodotus also adds that Timesius was not able to complete the work because he was attacked by the Thracians","YearBCAD":-655,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3349,"JulPer":4059,"Dating":"3349 AM, 4059 JP, 655 BC"}
{"Index":713,"EventTxt":"Amon and Jedidah  the daughter of Adaiah had a son in Boscath  called Joash who was eight years old when he began to reign   Ki","YearBCAD":-649,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3355,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4065,"Dating":"3355c AM, 4065 JP, 649 BC"}
{"Index":714,"EventTxt":"Chyladanus succeeded Saosduchinus both in the Assyrian and Babylonian kingdoms  He reigned   years   Cano  Reg  Ptolemy   Alexander Polyhistor calls him Saracus  or Saracen   which means robber  or spoiler","YearBCAD":-648,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3356,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4066,"Dating":"3356c AM, 4066 JP, 648 BC"}
{"Index":715,"EventTxt":"By the oracle of Delphi  Grinus the son of Esanius  king of the island of Thera  was commanded to go build a city in Libya  This city was in ruins because no one knew where Libya was  It is said that for   years there was no rain in that island  All the trees there died in that drought except one   Herodotus       c","YearBCAD":-648,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3356,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4066,"Dating":"3356c AM, 4066 JP, 648 BC"}
{"Index":716,"EventTxt":"In this year king Manasseh returned from his captivity  He had partly restored the true worship of God  which he had formerly discredited  When he died he was buried in the garden of his own house       Ki     According to his last will or testament  as if he repented for his former evil doings  he deemed himself unworthy to lie among his own royal ancestors   Tremelius","YearBCAD":-643,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 33:1-16","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3361,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4071,"Dating":"3361c AM, 4071 JP, 643 BC"}
{"Index":717,"EventTxt":"After Manasseh died his son Amon reigned for   years  Amon forsook the Lord God and offered sacrifices to all the graven images  which his father had set up and he worshipped them  He never repented of this as his father did but sinned more than ever his father had   Ki","YearBCAD":-641,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 33:21-23","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3363,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4073,"Dating":"3363c AM, 4073 JP, 641 BC"}
{"Index":718,"EventTxt":"This wicked Amon was murdered in his house by his own servants  He was buried with Manasseh his father  in the garden of Uzzah  The people slew all that conspired against him   Ki          Ch","YearBCAD":-641,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3363,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4073,"Dating":"3363c AM, 4073 JP, 641 BC"}
{"Index":719,"EventTxt":"And to him succeeded his son Josias  a child of   years old  and reigned   years  Ki      Ch  l","YearBCAD":-641,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3363,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4073,"Dating":"3363c AM, 4073 JP, 641 BC"}
{"Index":720,"EventTxt":"Those of the isle of Thera  wearied by their seven years of drought  hired Corobius  a merchant in scarlet of the city of Itanus in the isle of Crete  He had formerly been driven by a tempest into a place called Platea  an isle of Libya  They sent him a second time with some of their own countrymen to find that isle  When they found it they left Corobius there with provisions for some months  They returned quickly to let their countrymen know what they had found  When they did not return to Platea at the appointed time  it happened that a ship of Samos  whose captain was Coleus came from Egypt  It put in there and left Corobius and his men another year of provisions  It then put out to sea again  It was caught by a strong wind and driven beyond Hercules  pillars into the main ocean and finally came to Tarteslus in Spain   Herod       c","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":721,"EventTxt":"The Thereans chose by lot from their seven towns people to establish a new colony  They sent them away to Platea in two ships under the command of one Battus  otherwise called Aristoteles  or Aristeus   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":722,"EventTxt":"Thales the son of Examius  was this year also born at Miletus in Ionia  This was the first year of the  th Olympiad according to Laertius notes in Apollodorus  Chronicle","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":723,"EventTxt":"After the Commerians were driven out of their dwellings by the Scythian Shepherds  called Nomads   they left Europe and went into Asia  Following the coast to Sardis  they captured all the city except the citadel  This was the time when Ardys  the son of Gyges  reigned there   Her        c    and   and in his  th book  c     and","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":724,"EventTxt":"When the Thereans had lived in Platea for two years  they left one of their company behind and all sailed to Delphi  There they enquired of the oracle why things were no better since they came into Libya  The oracle answered that they were not yet come to the city of Libya  where they were told to go  Therefore they returned again to Platea  They took the one they left there and they established a colony in a place in the land of Libya  opposite the isle of Platea  called Aziristus  This place was surrounded with most scenic hills and a river running around it on either side   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":725,"EventTxt":"In that place next to the gardens of the Hesperides and the greater Syrtus  or quicksand  the earth was covered with a shower of rain of pitch  or sulphur  Presently there grew up an herb called Sylphius or Laser i e  Benjamin  as the Cyreneans say  This occurred seven years before the building of their city   Theophrast  in his History of Plants        Pliny in his Nature  Hist        c","YearBCAD":-640,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3364,"JulPer":4074,"Dating":"3364 AM, 4074 JP, 640 BC"}
{"Index":726,"EventTxt":"Phraortes king of the Medes perished in the siege of Nineveh with a large number of his army  His son Cyaxares reigned for   years after him  In the beginning of his reign  he wished to avenge his father s death  He compelled all Asia as far as the river Halys to join with him in his war against the Assyrians   Herod","YearBCAD":-635,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3369,"JulPer":4079,"Dating":"3369 AM, 4079 JP, 635 BC"}
{"Index":727,"EventTxt":"When Josiah was   years old  he had a son called Jehoiakim by Zebudah the daughter of Pedaiah  of Rumah  He was   years old when started his reign   Ki","YearBCAD":-635,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3370,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4079,"Dating":"3370a AM, 4079 JP, 635 BC"}
{"Index":728,"EventTxt":"The same year his son was born he began to seek the God of his father David   Ch","YearBCAD":-635,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3370,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4079,"Dating":"3370a AM, 4079 JP, 635 BC"}
{"Index":729,"EventTxt":"Cyaxares defeated the Assyrians in battle but as he went to besiege Nineveh  a vast army of the Scythians attacked him  These were those Scythians who drove the Cimmerians from Europe  Pressing their advantage  they departed from the Lake of Meotis and left the mountain Caucasus on their left  They entered Media  under the command of their king Madois the son of Ptotothya   Herd     I e           c     and       c     Mados was also called Indathyrsus the Scythian who storming out Scythia  went over the country of all Asia until he came into Egypt  Strabo states this in the beginning of his Geography from Megasthenes and Arrian in his book Of the Affairs of Judah  Mados was the same man as Indathirsus  against whom Darius the son of Hystaspes later made such an unlucky voyage   Herod        c           When the Medes were defeated by the Scythians  they lost control of Asia  The Scythians held Asia for   years   Herod     I e     and       c      Tremellius and Junius refer that prophecy of Na     vv He  that is  Cyaxares  besieging Nineveh  shall reckon up his great  but they shall fall in their journey   that is  in the journey of the Scythians","YearBCAD":-634,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3370,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4080,"Dating":"3370c AM, 4080 JP, 634 BC"}
{"Index":730,"EventTxt":"Their coming at this time to Asia is better called a journey through Asia rather than an established government or kingdom in Asia  In   years  they overran  possessed and lost Media  Assyria and all Asia  vv they shall hasten to his wall  as if they would be his protector  i e  they shall come hastily to Nineveh  as if they had delivered it out of the hand of Cyaxares and would deliver it","YearBCAD":-634,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3370,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4080,"Dating":"3370c AM, 4080 JP, 634 BC"}
{"Index":731,"EventTxt":"In this year  Josiah had a son called Shallum or Jehoahaz by Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah  He was made king after his father at the age of   years  The people chose him for king passing over his older brothers   Ki       It seems the name of Shallum was changed to Jehoahaz for good luck  The other Shallum  the son of Jabesh  only ruled one month before he was murdered by Menahem   Ki       Of the four sons which Josiah had that are mentioned in ICh     this Shallum was named last not Johanan the firstborn  as some have thought  It is easily deduced that Jehoahaz was not the firstborn  For it is said that he was anointed by the people   Ki     However the firstborn of kings were not normally so anointed because the kingdom was theirs by common right  Also  Jehoahaz was   years old when he was anointed king  However  three months earlier his brother  Eliakim was made king at the at the age of    Hence he was older by two years than Jehoahaz  This is confirmed by Josephus  in his tenth book of Antiquities  c","YearBCAD":-633,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3371,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4081,"Dating":"3371c AM, 4081 JP, 633 BC"}
{"Index":732,"EventTxt":"Sadyattes  the son of Ardyis  reigned in Lydia for   years   Herodot     I e","YearBCAD":-631,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3373,"JulPer":4083,"Dating":"3373 AM, 4083 JP, 631 BC"}
{"Index":733,"EventTxt":"When the Scythians had subjected all of upper Asia  they went straight into Egypt  When they came as far as Syria Palestina  Psamitichus the king of Egypt met them in person  He persuaded them by gifts and presents not to go any farther","YearBCAD":-631,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3373,"JulPer":4083,"Dating":"3373 AM, 4083 JP, 631 BC"}
{"Index":734,"EventTxt":"On their return  they came to Askelon which is in Syria  The greater part of the army passed through the area without doing any damage  However some stragglers at the rear  robbed the temple of Venus Urania  For this all their posterity were smitten with the emerods   Herod        c      In this year  which was the second of the  th Olympiad  the Scythians invaded Syria Palestina   Eusebius Chron   Also Sinope  was built by the Milesians this year  It was the chief city in all the kingdom of Pontus   Strabo  th book  Phlegon says   cited by Stephanus de Tribibus   the Sinope was built by Macritius of the isle of Coos  It is certain that when the Cimmerians came to Asia after they fled from the Sythians  they built Chersonesus  in the same place where Sinope a city of the Greeks now stands   Herod        c      After settling in Aziristus for   years  the people of Thera were persuaded by the Libyans to leave  They moved to a place called Irasa and settled there near a fountain named after Apollos   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-631,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3373,"JulPer":4083,"Dating":"3373 AM, 4083 JP, 631 BC"}
{"Index":735,"EventTxt":"In the  nd year of the  th Olympiad  Battus built the city of Cyrene there  He reigned for  years and after him his son Arcesilaus for   years with those of the first colony only  Later in the reign of Battus  Arcesilaus  his son  went there with a great number of other Greeks who were stirred up by the oracle of Delphi  The city of Cyrene was built when Apryas reigned among the Egyptians   Herod        c      This is a better account of events than others have given","YearBCAD":-631,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3373,"JulPer":4083,"Dating":"3373 AM, 4083 JP, 631 BC"}
{"Index":736,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Josiah s reign  he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem from idolatry  He destroyed the high places  groves  and altars of Baal with the images  He burned the bones of their priests upon their own altars  He even went as far as to the cites in Manasseh  Ephraim  Simeon and Naphtali and destroyed all the altars  groves and carved images he found   Ch","YearBCAD":-630,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3374,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4084,"Dating":"3374c AM, 4084 JP, 630 BC"}
{"Index":737,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of king Josiah  Jeremiah was called by God to be a prophet  He refused  God called him again and encouraged him with promises and signs belonging to the office and function of a prophet  He was bid to prophesy to the Jews of the calamity which was to happen there by the king of Babylon  Jer           At the same time  Zephaniah and others warned the rebellious people to repent which they did not  Zep","YearBCAD":-629,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 25:3-5","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3375,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4085,"Dating":"3375c AM, 4085 JP, 629 BC"}
{"Index":738,"EventTxt":"Prosias  or Prusa was built in Bithynia   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-629,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3375,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4085,"Dating":"3375c AM, 4085 JP, 629 BC"}
{"Index":739,"EventTxt":"Nabopolasur of Babylon   who was made general of the army by Saraco also called Chinaladanus  king of Assyria and Chaldea   and Astyages   who was made governor of Media  by his father Cyaxares   made an alliance together  Astyages gave his daughter Amyitis in marriage to Nebuchadnezzar the son of Nabopolasur  The two men joined their forces and took the city of Nineveh with Saraco its king   We gather this from a fragment of Alexander Polyhistors that was misunderstood by Georgius Symelius  who cites it in Grac  Scalig  p         We find in the end of the book of the Greek copy of Tobit that Nabuchodonosor is called Nabopolasur and Assuerus is Astyages and is also called Ahasuerus  Da     Nineveh was taken while Tobit the younger was still living  When Shalmaneser took Samaria  he carried Tobit and his father captive to Assyria  Tobit is said to have lived   years  Since only   years passed from the captivity of Israel to this time  Tobit must still have been alive  When Josiah was reigning   as Jerom in his commentaries upon the prophet Jonah affirms  Nineveh was destroyed  Thus the prophecies of both Nahum and Isaiah  concerning the destruction of Nineveh were fulfilled  This is also described in","YearBCAD":-626,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 31:1-18","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3378,"JulPer":4088,"Dating":"3378 AM, 4088 JP, 626 BC"}
{"Index":740,"EventTxt":"When Saraco was killed  Nabopolasur ruled the kingdom of Chaldea for   years   Polyhistor  Berosus in his  rd book of the Affairs of Chaldea  Ptolemy  in Reg  Can","YearBCAD":-626,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3378,"JulPer":4088,"Dating":"3378 AM, 4088 JP, 626 BC"}
{"Index":741,"EventTxt":"Sadyattes king of Lydia  invaded the territory of the Milesians and started a war that lasted for   years","YearBCAD":-625,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3379,"JulPer":4089,"Dating":"3379 AM, 4089 JP, 625 BC"}
{"Index":742,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Josiah s reign  he charged Hilkiah the high priest to use the money which had been collected to repair the house of the Lord  When he was doing this he found the original book of the law  which was first laid up in the side of the Ark of the Covenant  De     This book seems to have disappeared ever since the beginning of Manasseh s reign  When he found it  he sent it by Shaphan the scribe to the king  After Josiah heard the book entirely read to him  he asked counsel of Huldah the prophetess  She prophesied to him that that kingdom should certainly be destroyed but not in his lifetime          The king called the elders of Judah and Jerusalem  with the priests and prophets  He had the book of the law read to all the people and renewed the covenant between God and the people  Again  he cleansed the city from idolatry  and throughly restored the worship of God        Ch       He demolished the altar and high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat had set up  He burnt the bones of the dead upon the altar as had been foretold   years earlier   Ki     When he had destroyed the altars which the kings of Israel had built in the cities of Samaria  slain all their priests and burnt dead men s bones upon them  he then returned to Jerusalem      Even with this renewing of the covenant and general reformation of religion  the inevitable decree of desolation to follow because of the people s sins still stood  From this time of renewing is the beginning both of the   years spoken of in the first of the prophecy of Ezekiel and also the   years of the iniquity of Judah  Eze","YearBCAD":-624,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 22:3-20\", \"Ch 34:8-28\", \"Ki 33:1-14\", \"Ki 23:15-20\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3380,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4090,"Dating":"3380d AM, 4090 JP, 624 BC"}
{"Index":743,"EventTxt":"Josiah kept the passover in the same  th year of his reign  on the  th day of the first month  Monday  May  th  in the presence of all Judah and Israel and the inhabitants of Jerusalem  He kept this with more solemnity than ever had been done by any of the kings of Israel or Judah in olden times          He took away all witches and soothsayers  all images and gods and all the abominations  which were found in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem  He obeyed all the words which were written in the book of the law that was found by Hilkiah   Ki","YearBCAD":-623,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ki 23:21-23\", \"Ch 35:1-19\", \"De 18:9-1\")","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3381,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4091,"Dating":"3381c AM, 4091 JP, 623 BC"}
{"Index":744,"EventTxt":"Toward the end of the  th year of Nabopolassur   which is the  th from the Epoch of Nabonazar   on the  th day of Eygptian month of Athyr  toward the  th of the month  the moon was eclipsed at Babylon  beginning   hours after midnight   Ptol  Syntax  p     Greek edition  This was on Saturday  April  nd or the  th of Athyr as it drew to a close  This is Ptolemy s meaning  when he says  that it was from the  th to the  th  lasting in all six hours after the midnight of the  th day to the sun rising when the  th day was to begin","YearBCAD":-621,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3383,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4093,"Dating":"3383c AM, 4093 JP, 621 BC"}
{"Index":745,"EventTxt":"Hamutal bare to Josiah  after Shallum  or Jehoahaz  Mattaniah  He was later called Zedekiah and was   years old when he began to reign  Jer      Ki","YearBCAD":-620,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3384,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4094,"Dating":"3384d AM, 4094 JP, 620 BC"}
{"Index":746,"EventTxt":"Xenophanes Colophonius  founder of the sect of the Eleatic discipline in philosophy  was born in the  th Olymiad   Elius Empiricus  in his first book  contra Mathematicos  c       More correctly related from Apollodorus  as cited by Clemens Alexandrinus        Strommat","YearBCAD":-620,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3384,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4094,"Dating":"3384d AM, 4094 JP, 620 BC"}
{"Index":747,"EventTxt":"The son of Sadyattes called Halyattes the younger reigned in Lydia for   years  He spent the first   years fighting the war against the Libyans that his father had started   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-619,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3385,"JulPer":4095,"Dating":"3385 AM, 4095 JP, 619 BC"}
{"Index":748,"EventTxt":"Jehoiakim son of Josiah  had a son  by Nehushta  the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem  called Jehoiakim or Jeconiah  He was   years old when he began to reign   Ki","YearBCAD":-617,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3387,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4097,"Dating":"3387c AM, 4097 JP, 617 BC"}
{"Index":749,"EventTxt":"Necho  the son of Psammitichus  reigned in Egypt   years   Herod        c      The Bible calls him Necho or Pharaohnecho   Ch      Ki     Jer     This man began a channel from the Nile to the gulf of Arabia  which cost the lives of     Egyptians  He abandoned the work when it was half done  He sent certain Phoenicians to sail round Africa  They set sail from the Gulf of Arabia or the Red Sea  They went into the southern sea and sailed around the coast  They finally came to the strait of Gibraltar and returned into Egypt  three years after they started out   Herod     I e     and       c","YearBCAD":-616,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3388,"JulPer":4098,"Dating":"3388 AM, 4098 JP, 616 BC"}
{"Index":750,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the war between the Lydians and the Milesians  the Lydian army had burnt the harvest of the Milesians  as they normally did each year  It happened  that the wind caught the flames and set the temple of Minerva in Assesus on fire and burnt it to the ground  After the army returned  Halyattes  became sick for a long time  Finally he sent to consult the Oracle at Delphi  The prophetess refused to entertain his request until the temple which his men had destroyed was rebuilt  Periander the son of Cyphelus  ruler of Corinth  found out the reply and told it to his good friend Thrasibulus  king of the Milesians  He cleverly ordered that when Halyattes and his ambassadors came about rebuilding the temple  the Milesians should be feasting and revelling using all the remaining grain and supplies in the city  Halyattes expected to find that the Milesians would be starving from the long war  However  when he saw they appeared to have plenty to eat  he made peace and a league of friendship with the Milesians  Halyattes built two temples of Minerva at Assesus to replace the one he destroyed  When he got well  he sent rich presents and offerings to Delphi   Herod        ca             with Polyanus        Stratag","YearBCAD":-614,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3390,"JulPer":4100,"Dating":"3390 AM, 4100 JP, 614 BC"}
{"Index":751,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-612,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3393,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4102,"Dating":"3393a AM, 4102 JP, 612 BC"}
{"Index":752,"EventTxt":"Anaximander Milesius  the son of Praxidemus  was born in Ionia  See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-611,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3393,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4103,"Dating":"3393c AM, 4103 JP, 611 BC"}
{"Index":753,"EventTxt":"By God s command  Necho king of Egypt went against the king of Assyria  who at that time made war with him and planned to besiege Carchemish on the river Euphrates   Ki         Josephus states that he went to fight against the Medes and Babylonians  who had overthrown the empire of the Assyrians   lib     Antiq  ca      Carchemish  at the time of Sennacherib belonged to and was occupied by the Assyrians     However when that kingdom was destroyed  it returned to the hands of the Babylonians  Just as when king of Persia defeated Babylon and Assyria  Ezr     he was called king of the Assyrians  so when the king of Babylon defeated Assyria  was likewise called king of Assyria  In addition the heathen authors also tell us  that Babylon was in olden times part of Assyria and the Holy Scriptures state that the kingdom of Chaldea was founded by the king of Assyria Isa      Nu     Isa     Na","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 35:20-22\", \"Isa 10:5-19\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":754,"EventTxt":"When Josiah unadvisedly entered into this war  he was slain   Ki        Ch       This happened in the valley of Megiddo which belonged to the tribe of Manasseh  Jos     Jud      Herod         Herodotus refers to this story saying  Necho attacked the Syrians with an army on foot and overthrew them in Magdala  After the fight he took a great city of Syria named Cadytis  Scaliger notes that this Cadytis was actually Kadesh which is mentioned in Nu      Scaliger also believes that Magdala and Megiddo  were located near each other  Because Magdala was the more noted place of the two  the fight was said to have taken place there  In the same way it is commonly understood that the battle between Alexander and Darius at Gaugamela  is said to have been fought at Arbela since Gaugamela was an obscure place  It may be that Magdala and Megiddo were the same place since that is the place from which that other Mary obtained her surname of Magdalene  In Mt     we see Magdalam is how the name is rendered  The Syrian renders it Mageda and the old Latin translates it Magedan  which appears to be similar to Megiddo","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":755,"EventTxt":"Since the good king was killed in this way and the fact that he lived postponed the Babylonish captivity from that nation   Ki     the last year s jubilee was turned into a year of lamentation  It almost became a common proverb  The lamentation of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddo  Zee     Not only all the people at that time bewailed the death of Josiah  but even later  a public mourning for him was voluntarily kept  The prophet Jeremiah also  wrote a song of memorial called Song of Threnes  or Lamentations  Ch       In this song he bewailed the calamities which were shortly to befall that people  Jeremiah wrote  vv The breath of our nostrils  the anointed of the Lord  is taken in their pits  of whom we said  under the shadow of his wings we shall live among the heathen  La","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":756,"EventTxt":"So that we may very justly question the first verse  or poem of that book which we find in the Greek and common Latin translation but disagrees with Jerome  It is prefixed before the Threnes or Lamentations of Jeremiah  vv And it came to pass after that Israel was carried into captivity  and Jerusalem laid waste  Jeremiah the prophet sat down and wept  and made this lamentation in Jerusalem and sighing and howling  out of the bitterness of his heart  said","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":757,"EventTxt":"Whoever added this should have noted the verse  vv Add not to his words  that he blame thee not and thou be found a liar  Pr","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":758,"EventTxt":"There was also a second Song of Lamentations for the miserable condition of the kingdom of the Jews after the death of Josiah  It was composed by the prophet Ezekiel and appointed to be sung","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 19:1-14","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":759,"EventTxt":"After the death of Josiah the people feared that the king of Egypt would invade when there was no king  They anointed as king his youngest son Shallum or Jehoahaz  He soon did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord even as his forefathers had done       Ch      See note in   AM","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 23:30-32","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394c AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":760,"EventTxt":"When Necho returned from Assyria  he disposed Shallum from the throne after he had only reigned   months  He made Eliakim his older brother king in the place of his father Josiah and changed his name into Jehoiakim   Ki            This was a public witness that he attributed the victory he had over the Assyrians to the Lord Jehovah only  He formerly prophesied that it was God who sent him against the Assyrians   Ch       He imposed a tribute of one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold on the land of Judah  He put Shallum or Jehoiakim in fetters at Riblah and carried him away prisoner into Egypt where he eventually died       Ch       Eze","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 36:2-4\", \"Ki 23:33-35\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394d AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":761,"EventTxt":"The prophet Jeremiah by God s appointment went to Shallum in the new king s palace  He earnestly entreated the king  his courtiers and all the people the with promises and threats from Almighty God  He foretold that Shallum or Jehoiakim would be carried away captive into Egypt  vv Weep not for him that is departed  meaning Josiah  nor make lamentation for  but weep for him that is to depart   that is Shallum  because he shall return no more to see his native soil  Jer","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3394,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3394d AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":762,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim  Jeremiah was commanded by God to stand in the court of the temple  He exhorted the people who assembled from all the cities of Judah to bow themselves there before the Lord  It being then the feast of Tabernacles  wherein all the males out of the cities were required to appear at Jerusalem  De       He told them to repent and when they would not  he denounced the judgment of God against them saying  vv That that house should become as Shiloh  and that city should be accursed among all the nations of the earth","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3395a AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":763,"EventTxt":"This resulted in his arrest by the priests and prophets and all the people that were then in the court  They accused him to be a man worthy of death  but he was acquitted and set at liberty by the public judgment of the princes and elders  Jer","YearBCAD":-610,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4104,"Dating":"3395a AM, 4104 JP, 610 BC"}
{"Index":764,"EventTxt":"Like Jeremiah  Uriah also the son of Shemariah from Kirjathjearim  prophesied against Jerusalem and the land of Judah  When Jehoiakim the king sought to put him to death  he fled into Egypt  The king sent after him Elnathan the son of Achor and other men who overtook him and brought him back to the king  He had him killed and threw his carcass among the vilest sepulchres of the common people  However Ahikam  the son of Shaphan who had formerly been a man of great authority with king Josiah   Ki       Ch     was a friend of Jeremiah  Ahikam prevented Jeremiah from being turned over to people to be killed  Jer","YearBCAD":-609,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4105,"Dating":"3395b AM, 4105 JP, 609 BC"}
{"Index":765,"EventTxt":"To these I might add the prophet Habakkuk  When he complained of the stubbornness of the Jews  God replied  vv That he would shortly send the Chaldeans into Ju","YearBCAD":-609,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4105,"Dating":"3395b AM, 4105 JP, 609 BC"}
{"Index":766,"EventTxt":"Further he declared his purpose concerning that matter  VV I will do a work in your days  which you will not believe when it shall be old unto you  For behold I will stir up the Chaldeans  a fierce nation and a swift  which shall walk through the breadth of the land  to possess a land which is none of theirs as their own inheritance   Hab","YearBCAD":-609,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4105,"Dating":"3395b AM, 4105 JP, 609 BC"}
{"Index":767,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim  Jeremiah foretold that Zedekiah should be king of Judah and Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon  He would conquer his neighbouring nations  Jer","YearBCAD":-609,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3395,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4105,"Dating":"3395b AM, 4105 JP, 609 BC"}
{"Index":768,"EventTxt":"The governor of Coelosyria and Phoenicia revolted from Nabopolassar king of Babylon  When Carchemish was taken  Nabopolassar sent against them his son Nebuchadnezzar  after he made him viceroy in the kingdom  with a large army  This was done in the latter end of the third and beginning of the fourth year of Jehoiakim  king of Judah  Da     Jer","YearBCAD":-608,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3397,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4106,"Dating":"3397a AM, 4106 JP, 608 BC"}
{"Index":769,"EventTxt":"When Nebuchadnezzar was made viceroy in the kingdom  God revealed to Jeremiah these things  First was the defeat of the Egyptians at the river Euphrates then later in their own country  Nebuchadnezzar would make himself master of Egypt  Jer        The first came to pass almost immediately  Pharaohnecho s forces at Carchemish were cut off by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon  in the  th year of Jehoiakim  Jer     The second happened after the taking of Tyre  in the  th year of the captivity of Jeconiah  Eze","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3397,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3397b AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":770,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Jehoiakim  which was the first of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon  the prophet Jeremiah reproved the Jews for not obeying the word of the Lord  He had proclaimed this from the  th year of king Josiah  even to that present  th year of Jehoiakim  that is for   years  All that time they were stubborn and disobedient to his admonitions as well as all the other prophets whom the Lord had sent  Again he told them of the coming of Nebuchadnezzar upon them and of their captivity in Babylon which was to last   years  He stated that Judah and the other nations were to serve the king of Babylon","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3397,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3397b AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":771,"EventTxt":"Lastly  the kingdom of Babylon itself would be destroyed and the land of Chaldea would be desolate  Jer           Many years earlier  this   years was mentioned by Isaiah in more obscure terms when he spoke of the destruction of Tyre  Isa","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3397,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3397c AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":772,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Jehoiakim  Baruch the son of Neriah wrote in a book according to what Jeremiah spoke  It had all the words of the Lord concerning Israel and Judah  from the time of Josiah until that day  He read them in the house of the Lord  in the audience of the men of Jerusalem  and of all the Jews who were assembled there from their cities  in the day of the fast  Jer        That is that solemn fast which was yearly kept on the  th day of the  th month  Le         Nu     five days before the feast of tabernacles  All the males from all the cities of Judah  were to appear at Jerusalem  See note on   AM  Baruch was extremely amazed and afflicted in his soul  with the horror of these dreadful judgments which he had written  Jeremiah comforted him  by the word of the Lord concerning this calamity which was to be brought upon all the land by the Babylonians and assured him of his own life  in the midst of all these troubles    In the passage      may allude to this also as well as the promises made concerning the restoration of the church","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 45:1-5\", \"Jer 31:1-32\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":773,"EventTxt":"When Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Judah  the Rechabites  of the descendants of Jonadab  the son of Rechab   Ki     for fear of the host of the Chaldeans and Syrians  left their tents and came into Jerusalem  They had dwelt in tents according to the rule of their forefather Jonadab      Since material in this chapter is written in the present tense  we gather that the time of the Rechabites refusing to drink wine occurred when the city was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar  Da","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 35:8-1","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":774,"EventTxt":"God gave Jehoiakim the King of Judah into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon  with part of the furniture of the house of the Lord  Da     This was in the  th month called Chisleu  as may be gathered from the anniversary of the fast which was kept in remembrance of this calamity and was a tradition of the Jews  Zee            It was kept in this month  Jer","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":775,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar chained Jehoiakim to carry him away to Babylon   Ch     Later upon submission and his promises of subjection  he let him stay in his own house where he lived as his servant for   years  From this time of the carrying of the king and people of the Jews into the bondage of Nebuchadnezzar  starts the   years of the captivity of Babylon which were foretold by the prophet Jeremiah  Jer","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":776,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar ordered Ashpenash  the overseer of the eunuchs  that he should carry from there the best of the children of Israel  both of royal blood and of the princes  Da     This was predicted by Isaiah the prophet to Ezekiel  Isa     They were under his care and to be educated for   years in the language and sciences of the Chaldeans  The best of them were to be picked to stand before the king and serve in his palace  Among those taken from the tribe of Judah  were Daniel  who was Belshazzar  Hananiah  who was Shadrach  Mishael  who was Meshach and Anani  who was Abednego  Each had his name changed at the discretion of the prince of the eunuchs","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 1:3-7","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":777,"EventTxt":"Now after those Scythians  of whom I spoke before  had taken their pleasure in Asia for   years  Cyaxares and the Medes gave them a great feast  When they were all drunk on a certain day  he had most of their throats cut   Herod        ca      In addition to these certain other Scythians of the nomads or shepherds were expelled from their own country by an opposing faction  They had been entertained by Cyaxares and by him employed  partly in hunting   partly in the education of children  After this massacre  when these were poorly treated by him  they killed one of the boys which they had taken to educate  They dressed his flesh like venison and set it before Cyaxares and his guests to eat  After this they quickly fled away to Halyartes the king at Sardis for protection  When Cyaxares demanded Halyartes surrender them to him  Halyattes refused  Hence started a five year war between the Medes and Lydians   Herod        ca        Concerning the Cimmerians   see note on   AM   Halyattes drove them from all Asia   Herod        ca","YearBCAD":-607,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3398,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4107,"Dating":"3398a AM, 4107 JP, 607 BC"}
{"Index":778,"EventTxt":"In the  th month of the  th year of Jehoiakim  there was a solemn fast before the Lord proclaimed to all the people at Jerusalem  This was in remembrance  it seemeth  of the taking of the city by the Chaldeans the year before in the same month  Baruch stood at the gate of the house of the Lord and read all the words of the Lord  These words were spoken by Jeremiah to him and written in a book  All the people who were assembled at Jerusalem from all the cities of Judah heard Baruch read the book  When the princes were told of this by Micah the son of Gemariah  they called Baruch to them  They heard him read the same book and fearing the king  advised Jeremiah and him  to hide  When the king heard part of the book read  he first cut the book through with a pen knife and then hurled it into the fire that was in the hearth and burnt it     In memory of this detestable act of the king  the Jews to this day keep a fast  upon the  th day of the  th month called Chisleu","YearBCAD":-606,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 36:9-25","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4108,"Dating":"3399a AM, 4108 JP, 606 BC"}
{"Index":779,"EventTxt":"When Jehoiakim had burnt the book  he ordered Jerahmeel the son of Hammelech  Seraiah the son of Azriel and Shelemiah the son of Abdiel  to apprehend Baruch the writer and Jeremiah the prophet  God hid them and against that impious king and his kingdom  pronounced this sentence  v    Thou hast burned this roll  saying  Why hast thou written therein  saying  The king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy this land and shall cause to cease from thence man and beast  Therefore thus saith the LORD of Jehoiakim king of J  He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David  and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat and in the night to the frost  And I will punish him and his seed and his servants for their iniq  and I will bring upon them and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem and upon the men of Judah  all the evil that I have pronounced against           AV","YearBCAD":-605,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jeremiah 36:29-31","BibBk1":"Jeremiah","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4109,"Dating":"3399b AM, 4109 JP, 605 BC"}
{"Index":780,"EventTxt":"Later by God s appointment  Baruch wrote again the words from Jeremiah  the same words  which he had written before and wrote many additional things","YearBCAD":-605,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 36:26-32","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4109,"Dating":"3399b AM, 4109 JP, 605 BC"}
{"Index":781,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar capitalised on his victory over Necho and took from the Egyptians all the lands they possessed between Egypt and Euphrates  From that time on  Necho did not venture out of Egypt   Ki     Meanwhile his father Nabopolassar  died in the land of Babylon  when he had reigned   years","YearBCAD":-605,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4109,"Dating":"3399b AM, 4109 JP, 605 BC"}
{"Index":782,"EventTxt":"When Nebuchadnezzar heard this  he ordered the deportation to Babylon of the captives of Jews  Syrians  Phoenicians and Egyptians  His army and equipment were sent there also  He posted a small company at the nearest way through the desert and returned to Babylon before them  He was made king over all his father s large dominions  He distributed the captives when they were brought to Babylon  into various colonies as he saw fit   Berosus       of the affairs  of Chaldea   The vessels and other furniture of the temple Nebuchadnezzar took away with him to Babylon were put in the temple of his god  Belus  Da      Ch     His son was named after this god  According to Abydenus in his Assyrian History and Brosus  he did greatly enrich and adorn that temple with the spoil which he had taken in that war","YearBCAD":-605,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4109,"Dating":"3399b AM, 4109 JP, 605 BC"}
{"Index":783,"EventTxt":"The rest of the Scythians who had escaped the slaughter of the Medes returning home  were met by a great army of lusty young men  These had been born of their own wives in their long absence by their slaves  With these they fought many a sharp battle but at last  laid aside their swords  Each man took a whip in his hand  as is more fitting for the correction of slaves  and thereby made them all to flee   Herod  in the beginning of his  th book","YearBCAD":-605,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3399,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4109,"Dating":"3399b AM, 4109 JP, 605 BC"}
{"Index":784,"EventTxt":"When Jehoiakim had lived   years in subjection to the king of Babylon  he rebelled against him   Ki","YearBCAD":-604,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3401,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":10,"Dating":"3401a AM, 41 10 JP, 604 BC"}
{"Index":785,"EventTxt":"Daniel and his three followers refused the diet provided for them from the king s allowance  They dined only on pulse and water  However they were found to look better and of a more fair complexion than the rest which did eat of the king s food  After three years  they were brought into court to attend the king  They greatly excelled in all matters of knowledge  wisdom  and science  which the king was pleased to ask them about  above all the Magi and astronomers that were in his kingdom","YearBCAD":-604,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 1:5-20","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3401,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":10,"Dating":"3401a AM, 41 10 JP, 604 BC"}
{"Index":786,"EventTxt":"In the second year of his kingdom  Nebuchadnezzar dreamed of the great image made of various metals  When he forgot his dream  he asked his Magi and astronomers what his dream was and what it meant  When they could not satisfy him in so unreasonable a demand  he commanded them all to be put to death  When Daniel saw the execution being prepared and understood the reason for it  he asked the king to delay for a while  Daniel and his companions prayed to God  God revealed the dream to Daniel and the interpretation of it  He declared to the king what his dream was and also the four monarchies which were to come  This was the meaning of the image which he saw in his dream  After this the king enriched him with great gifts and made him governor of all the province of Babylon and chief over all its wise men  Moreover at his request  he made his three companions  Shadrach  Meshach and Abednego  principal officers in all that province","YearBCAD":-604,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 2:1-49","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3401,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":10,"Dating":"3401a AM, 41 10 JP, 604 BC"}
{"Index":787,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the  th year of the war between the Medes and the Lydians  the war was stalemated  Thales the philosopher of Miletus had predicted to the Ionians that an eclipse of the sun would happen  When both the armies saw the day grow dark like the night  they stopped fighting  Later they made a peace between themselves by the mediation of Syennesis of Cilicia and of Labynitus the Babylonian  which was Nebuchadnezzar   Halyattes gave his daughter Ariena  to Astyages the son of Cyaxeres in marriage   Herod        ca      This eclipse as predicted by Thales  happened exactly when Cyaxeres the father of Astyages and king of the Medes and Halyattes Cresus  father and king of the Lydians were fighting together  This is confirmed by Endemus  in his Astronomical History  Also Pliny speaks of it and gave the following reason for the eclipse         c      vv Among the Greeks  the first one that found out how to predict the eclipses was Thales the Milesian  He foretold the eclipse of the sun  in the  th year of the  th Olympiad  which was in the reign of Halyattes","YearBCAD":-601,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3403,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4113,"Dating":"3403d AM, 4113 JP, 601 BC"}
{"Index":788,"EventTxt":"For so is the reading in the old copy  not of Astyages  as the common edition has it    years after the building of Rome  Clemens Alexan   lib     Strom   places this fight of Cyaxares and eclipse of the sun about the  th Olympiad  He differs greatly from the opinion of Endemus  whom he cites for it  For both the time assigned by Endemus and Pliny does not agree with Cyaxares  but with the reign of Astyages  Also from Ptolemy s  sun and moon tables  which are the same with those of Hipparchus  it appears plainly that the sun was eclipsed in the  th year of the  th olympiad  That is in the  th of Nabonasar  on the  th day of the Egyptian month Paeon   or Sunday  September  th according to the Julian Calendar    hours   minutes before noon  This eclipse was of   digits     digits is     and continued almost two hours","YearBCAD":-601,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3403,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4113,"Dating":"3403d AM, 4113 JP, 601 BC"}
{"Index":789,"EventTxt":"Plamnis the son of Neco reigned in Egypt for   years  Herod        c","YearBCAD":-600,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3404,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":14,"Dating":"3404c AM, 41 14 JP, 600 BC"}
{"Index":790,"EventTxt":"The Phocenses set sail from Ionia and built Marseilles on the coast of Liguria in Italy   years before the naval battle at Salamis   According to Marcianus in his Periegesis reports from Timeus   This was in the first year of the  th olympiad according to both Eusebius in his Chronicle and Solinus in Polyhistor  However the latter confounds this first colony of the Phocenses made in the days of Tarquinius Priscus with their later one under Servius Tullus  See note on   AM  The story of the wedding which was the occasion for the building of this city  is described in detail by Atheneus        from Aristotle  He speaks of the commonwealth of the Marseilians  Justin has a similar account in his  rd book out of Tro  Pomp  who relates the same thing  though differing in the names of the persons concerned","YearBCAD":-600,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3404,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":14,"Dating":"3404c AM, 41 14 JP, 600 BC"}
{"Index":791,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar s army of Syrians  Chaldeans  Moabites and Ammonites  attacked Jehoiakim and destroyed all of Judah   Ki     They took   prisoners from there in the  th year of Nebuchadnezzar  Jer","YearBCAD":-600,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3404,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":14,"Dating":"3404c AM, 41 14 JP, 600 BC"}
{"Index":792,"EventTxt":"Astyages or Ahasuerus  Da     who married Ariena the year before had a son called Syaxares or Darius  the Mede  He was   years old when he succeeded Belshazzar  who was slain  in the kingdom of the Chaldeans  Da       Astyages  in the lifetime of his father  gave in marriage his daughter  Mandanes  who was born by his former wife  to Cambyses son of Achemenes  king of Persia   This is according to Xenophon  who states this in his first book of the education of Cyrus   He derives his family pedigree from Perseus  From this union Cyrus was born the next year  Hence we do not believe Ctesias  who contrary to Herodotus and Xenophon and others  states that that Astyages was related to Cyrus in any way","YearBCAD":-600,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3404,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":14,"Dating":"3404c AM, 41 14 JP, 600 BC"}
{"Index":793,"EventTxt":"After Jehoiakim was taken prisoner by the Chaldeans  he was thrown out without a proper burial  buried like an ass  His body was dragged out of the gate of Jerusalem  according as was foretold by the prophet  Jer           Though in reference to the common course of nature  he also may be said to have slept with his fathers   Ki","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":794,"EventTxt":"After him  his son Jehoiachin  who was also called Coniah and Jeconiah  reigned   months and ten days in Jerusalem  He also did what was evil in the sight of the Lord  as his father Jehoiakim had done before him   Ki        Ch       God pronounced this most dreadful decree against him  vv Write this man childless  a man which shall not prosper in his   for none of his seed shall prosper to sit in the throne of David  nor reign any more in Judah Jer","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":795,"EventTxt":"Concerning this matter  refer to Christophorus Helvicus  book of the Genealogy of Christ  At this time  the prophecy of Jeremiah contained in Jer        seems to have been uttered","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":796,"EventTxt":"In the same year when the former army was sent  the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to besiege Jerusalem  When Nebuchadnezzar himself came to the city while his servants besieged it  Jehoiachim the king  with his mother Nehushta  a woman of Jerusalem and his servants and officers  with all his courtiers  came forth to the king of Babylon  This happened in the  th year of Nebuchadnezzar s reign over Babylon  He took from there all the treasure  both of the temple and of the king s house  He broke in pieces all the golden vessels and furniture  which Solomon had made for the temple of the Lord  just as the Lord  Isa     had foretold  He carried away king Jehoiachim to Babylon with his mother  his wives and his courtiers  From all of Jerusalem he took     men  the magistrates  every man of strength  all the carpenters and smiths  He left only at Jerusalem the poorer sort of people  From the other parts of the land  he carried away   able bodied men and   of the smiths and carpenters  These were all strong men and fit for war  They were carried prisoners into Babylon   Ki       Ch     Jer           Eze     Among the captives was Mordecai of the tribe of Benjamin  the son of Jair  Es       and Ezekiel the priest  the son of Buzi  Therefore he in his prophecy starts the captivity from this time  Eze       which he also calls his own banishment  Eze     An Epistle  said to be Jeremiah s  is sent to those that were appointed to be carried away to Babylon  It warned them to beware of the idolatry which they should see practised in Babylon  APC","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Bar 6:1-73","BibBk1":"Bar","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":797,"EventTxt":"While the king of Babylon thus ravaged in Judah  God prepared a worm which in due time should eat out this spreading tree  The cry of this poor people came to the Lord  vv O daughter of Babylon  wasted with misery  happy shall he be that shall reward thee  as thou hast served us  who shall take thy children and dash them against the stones  Ps","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":798,"EventTxt":"For in this very year  was Cyrus the Media Persian born whose father was a Persian and his mother a Mede  as I showed before  This very Nebuchadnezzar  at the hour of his death  as Abydenus has it  uttered this prophecy  NV There shall come a Persian Mule  who shall make use of your Devils  as his fellow  soldiers  to bring you into bondage","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":799,"EventTxt":"This was also foretold by that Oracle given to Croesus  vv When a mule king  shall to the Medes be born   c","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":800,"EventTxt":"The Pythian Priests interpreted this to refer to Cyrus  who was to be born of a father and a mother of two different nations  a Persian and a Mede   Herod        c     and     But most plainly and truly Isaiah foretold  Isa       that the Babylonians also should have a time wherein to endure their hell of slavery  Their children would one day be dashed against the stones before their eyes  Isa     These miserably captive Jews would one day be restored to their liberty  He called their deliverer many years before by his proper name of Cyrus  Isa         God gave him the reason for this unusual revelation  vv For my servant Jacob and for Israel my chosen s sake  have I called thee by thy name and given thee a surname  though thou hast not known me  Isa","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":801,"EventTxt":"As for the age of this Cyrus  Tully in his  st book de Divinations  cited it from Dionysius a Persian writer  in this manner  vv The sun appeared to Cyrus in his sleep  standing at his feet  When Cyrus endeavoured to take the sun in his hands three times  the sun turned aside and went away  The Magi  who are counted as wise and learned men among the Persians  said that by his three attempts to take hold of the sun meant that he should reign   years  This came to pass accordingly  for he started to reign at the age of   and lived to the age of","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":802,"EventTxt":"From which dream perhaps  so expounded by the magicians  Cyrus took his name  for  as Ctesias rightly says  vv Cyrus in the Persian language  means the sun","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":803,"EventTxt":"So also said Plutarch in his work on the life of Artaxerxes as well as Chur or Churshid  in the Persian poets  as it is said to this day  From the work of Tully s compared with Da     it appears that Darius the Mede or Cyaxares the son of Astyages that Cyrus  uncle was born before him  Therefore Xenophon in his book entitled  Of the Institution of Cyrus        coined the expression  vv seeing I am here present and am older than Cyrus  it is fitting that I speak first","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":804,"EventTxt":"And in book   by the same author  when Cyrus wrote to Darius  he used these words  VV I advise you  though I be the younger of the two","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":805,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar made Mattaniah the son of Josiah  king in place of Jeconiah his uncle and changed his name to Zedekiah  meaning the justice of the Lord  Jer      Ki     He had made a covenant with him and had taken an oath of allegiance from him and Zedekiah  had taken an oath by God to perform it   Ch     Eze         By giving him this new name  he intended to remind Zedekiah of the just judgment of God if he would break the oath","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":806,"EventTxt":"Zedekiah reigned a full     years in Jerusalem and did evil in the sight of the Lord his God  He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet who spoke to him in the name the Lord but stiffened his neck and hardened his heart that he might not return to the Lord God of Israel  Jer            Ki           Indeed  all the leaders of the priests and the people of the whole land transgressed the law and polluted the house of the Lord which God had sanctified in Jerusalem  Nor would they listen to the word of the Lord  which he spoke to them by the mouth of his prophet Jeremiah and other prophets  Instead  they despised them and mocked the messengers which God sent to them until the fire of God s fury burst upon his people  Jer","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ch 36:11-13\", \"Ch 36:14-16\")","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":807,"EventTxt":"After Jeconiah was carried away  God revealed to Jeremiah in a vision of two baskets of figs  the captivity of the new king Zedekiah and the remainder of the people  Jer","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":808,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of Zedekiah s reign  Jeremiah prophesied the captivity and restoration of the Elamites     For Nebuchadnezzar had taken from Astyages  the whole province of Elam  with the city Susa on the river Ulai and annexed it to his kingdom  Jer     Da       Later these Elamites combined with the Medes against the Babylonians  Isa     When Belshazzar was overthrown  they recovered their state again  under Cyrus  Their chief city Susa was made by Cyrus to be the seat of the Persian kingdom   Strabo","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 49:34-39","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":809,"EventTxt":"When ambassadors came from the various kings of Edom  Moab  Ammon  Tyre and Sidon to Jerusalem  to visit the new king Zedekiah  God told Jeremiah to give to each of them chains and whips to be presented to their masters  He commanded them all to submit to Nebuchadnezzar and stop listening to their wizards and stargazers  who advised them not to submit  He advised Zedekiah to remain loyal to the king of Babylon and to beware of the false prophets  By threats and promises he persuaded many of the people to submit to and obey the king of Babylon","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 39:1-18","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":810,"EventTxt":"When Jeconiah was carried away with the other captives  Zedekiah sent Elasah  the son of Shaphan and Gemariah the son of Hilkiah  to Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon  Jeremiah sent a letter by them which he had written to the elders and priests and prophets and the rest of the people  who had been carried from there by Nebuchadnezzar  king of Babylon  In the letter  the prophet instructed them how to behave themselves in captivity and comforted them with a gracious promise of deliverance at the end of the   years  He predicts the great calamities which were to fall on those whom they had left behind in Jerusalem  He foretold the miserable end which Ahab  the son of Kolaiah and Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah  the two false prophets should come to","YearBCAD":-599,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 29:1-23","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3405,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4115,"Dating":"3405c AM, 4115 JP, 599 BC"}
{"Index":811,"EventTxt":"Seraiah sent letters  as it seems  by Zedekiah s messengers  when they returned from Babylon  to Zephaniah   who was the second chief priest   Ki     and to the rest of the priests at Jerusalem  He denounced what the prophet Jeremiah had written to them  When this was read to Jeremiah  he pronounced a heavy judgment from God on him  Jer       At this time also it seems he made those notable prophecies concerning the kingdom of Christ and restoration of the church in","YearBCAD":-598,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 30:1-31","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3406,"JulPer":4116,"Dating":"3406 AM, 4116 JP, 598 BC"}
{"Index":812,"EventTxt":"Cresus was born  He was the son of Halyattes  king of Lydia and his mother was a woman of Caria  It appears that he was   years of age  when he began to reign   Herod     I e     and","YearBCAD":-597,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3407,"JulPer":4117,"Dating":"3407 AM, 4117 JP, 597 BC"}
{"Index":813,"EventTxt":"In the  th month of the  th year of Zedekiah  Hananiah a false prophet  made a false prophesy  He said that at the end of two years  all the vessels  and furniture of the house of the Lord and Jeconiah and all the people  who were carried away to Babylon would return and be brought home again  When Jeremiah mocked him  he took a yoke of wood from about Jeremiah s neck and broke it  He said  vv Thus shall the Lord break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar  within two years precisely  from off the neck of all the nations","YearBCAD":-596,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3408,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3408d AM,4118JP, 596BC"}
{"Index":814,"EventTxt":"Jeremiah replied  vv That God  instead of that wooden yoke  would lay an iron one upon the neck of all these nations  under which they should bow  and serve the king of Babylon","YearBCAD":-596,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 28:1-14","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3408,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3408d AM,4118JP, 596BC"}
{"Index":815,"EventTxt":"Hananiah the false prophet died in the seventh month according to the word of Jeremiah  Astyages  after the death of his father Cyaxares  reigned over the Medes   years   Herod        c      He is also called  Ahasuerus  Da     or Asuerus  APC Tob","YearBCAD":-596,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":18,"Dating":"3409a AM, 41 18 JP, 596 BC"}
{"Index":816,"EventTxt":"God by his prophet Jeremiah foretold that Babylon and the land of Chaldea should be overrun and laid waste by the Medes and Persians  He comforted his people with the sweet promises of their deliverance","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 50:1-51","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4119,"Dating":"3409c AM, 4119 JP, 595 BC"}
{"Index":817,"EventTxt":"Zedekiah  in the  th year of his reign  sent Seraiah  the son of Neriah  the son of Maaseiah to Babylon  to whom Jeremiah delivered the these prophecies of the destruction of Babylon  These were written in a book  He read the book to the people and threw it into the river Euphrates     His brother Baruch  son also of Neriah  the son of Maaseiah  Jer         Jeremiah s scribe  is thought to have gone to Babylon with Seraiah","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 51:59-64","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4119,"Dating":"3409c AM, 4119 JP, 595 BC"}
{"Index":818,"EventTxt":"Baruch is said to have read all the words of his own book to Jeconiah  the son of Jehoiakim and to all the captives that were then dwelling with him at that time in Babylon  This was in the  th year   that is after Jeconiah was carried away to Babylon  in the  th month  at the time when the Chaldeans took Jerusalem and burnt it with fire  APC   Some think that this was the same month when Jeconiah gave himself up to the king of Babylon and Jerusalem was taken and perhaps partially set on fire by the Chaldeans  For I cannot agree with Severus Salpicius  who perhaps taking it from that text  states in his first book of his Sacred History that at this very time  vv Nebuchadnezzar entered Jerusalem with his army and laid both city and walls  temple and all  even with the ground","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Bar 1:2-4","BibBk1":"Bar","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3409d AM,4119JP, 595BC"}
{"Index":819,"EventTxt":"Yet the former guess of Fran  Junius  concerning the quenching of the fire  and the taking of the city is somewhat more tolerable than that of our seminary priests of Downay when they said  vv that the whole time of the taking of Jerusalem  lasted eleven years before it was wholly burnt","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3409d AM,4119JP, 595BC"}
{"Index":820,"EventTxt":"That is from the time  when it was taken under Jeconiah until the time it was taken under Zedekiah  This book was written in the  th year of that interval of time  Hugo Grotius thinks that the first writer of it means here that the fifth year after the carrying away of Jeconiah  The phrase the rest of the burning of Jerusalem  was added later by someone else who was of opinion that Baruch never went to Babylon until after the burning of Jerusalem  which happened in the reign of Zedekiah","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3409d AM,4119JP, 595BC"}
{"Index":821,"EventTxt":"Ezekiel had his first vision from God in the beginning of the  th year from restoration of the worship of God in the  th year of Josiah s reign  or the  th year of the captivity of Jehoiakim or Jeconiah   th day of the  th month   on Saturday  July  th   He was among the rest of the company that were carried away to Babylon  by the river Chebar or Chaborra according to Strabo and Ptolemy  Eze         From here he was sent to be a prophet among the Jews of the captivity  When he came to those who dwelt at Telabib near the river Chebar  he sat down as a man distressed for   days  After this  God reminded him of his call with promises if he obeyed and with threats if he refused  He confirmed him with a new sign and gave him courage and boldness by his word","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 2:1-3","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3409d AM,4119JP, 595BC"}
{"Index":822,"EventTxt":"The prophet was commanded to make a drawing of the siege of Jerusalem  and to lie a long time on his side for   days  This was to be a type of how many days the siege of the city of Jerusalem would last and of the number of years of the iniquity of the house of Israel from the time of Jeroboam","YearBCAD":-595,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 4:1-17","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3409,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3409d AM,4119JP, 595BC"}
{"Index":823,"EventTxt":"Shortly after Plammis king of Egypt returned from his journey which he had made into Ethiopia  he died  His son  Apryes  succeeded him and reigned for   years   Herod        c     The scriptures call him Pharaohhophra  Jer     He and a well equipped army made an incursion into the Isle of Cyprus and upon Phoenicia  He took Sidon by force and the rest of that country by the very dread and terror of his name  After a main victory at sea  over both Cyprians and Phoenicians  he returned into Egypt with a huge spoil taken from them   Diod  Sic         It is reported of him  that he said that no God was able to put him out of his kingdom for he thought he made his kingdom very secure   Herod    c     In Eze      as Tremelius has noted  is in that allegorical Prosopopeia  most elegantly expressed  vv The river is mine own  for I have made for it myself","YearBCAD":-594,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3410,"JulPer":4120,"Dating":"3410 AM, 4120 JP, 594 BC"}
{"Index":824,"EventTxt":"When Ezekiel had lain   days upon his left side  he turned to his right and lay there   more days  This was a type of the many years of the iniquity of Judah  Eze     See also Eze","YearBCAD":-594,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3410,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4120,"Dating":"3410c AM, 4120 JP, 594 BC"}
{"Index":825,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Jeconiah s captivity and  th day of it   which was Wednesday  September  nd  God carried Ezekiel away by the Spirit to Jerusalem  In a vision there  he showed him the infinite idolatry practised there and the plagues which were to befall that city for this  Eze","YearBCAD":-594,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3410,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4120,"Dating":"3410d AM, 4120 JP, 594 BC"}
{"Index":826,"EventTxt":"According to his prediction  Pelatia  the son of Benaiah died  God comforted the godly in their captivity in Babylon by the sanctification of his presence and with his evangelical promises for the time to come  When the vision was over  the prophet was brought back by the Spirit to his people in Chaldea and there declares to them all that God had showed him","YearBCAD":-594,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 11:13-25","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3410,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4120,"Dating":"3410d AM, 4120 JP, 594 BC"}
{"Index":827,"EventTxt":"God by signs and words predicts Zedekiah s flight by night  the putting out of his eyes  his going into captivity and his dying in Babylon  Also he foretells the captivity of the Jews and the calamities which they were to endure before this captivity     In this same year  the next   chapters of Ezekiel were written  From his writings we understand that Daniel s name was at that time very famous for his continual prayers which he made for the people of the captivity  Eze       Zedekiah did not regard the covenant and oath which he had sworn and rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar  Eze","YearBCAD":-594,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 12:1-28","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":341,"Season":"l","JulPer":4120,"Dating":"341la AM, 4120 JP, 594 BC"}
{"Index":828,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Jeconiah s captivity  the  th day of the  th month  Sunday  August  th   Ezekiel reproved the elders for their gross hypocrisy in coming to ask counsel of God  He prophesied of the calamity that was to come on all flesh  He pronounced God s judgment on the idolaters and comfort to the godly","YearBCAD":-593,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 20:1-23","BibBk1":"Eze","JulPer":4121,"Dating":"3411d|AM,4121 JP, 593BC"}
{"Index":829,"EventTxt":"After Battus founded the kingdom of Cyrene  he was succeeded by his son Arcesilaus who reigned   years   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-591,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3413,"JulPer":4123,"Dating":"3413 AM, 4123 JP, 591 BC"}
{"Index":830,"EventTxt":"This was a sabbatical year in which the men of Jerusalem  set their servants at liberty according to the law  Eze     De            The men of Jerusalem also heard that Nebuchadnezzar was approaching with his army  Nebuchadnezzar marched against Zedekiah and ravaged all the country  He took their strong holds and came before the very walls of Jerusalem   Joseph  Antiq        c      He had taken all the cities of Judah  except Lachish  Azekah and Jerusalem  All of these cities were besieged by all his forces  Jer","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 34:8-10","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":831,"EventTxt":"The siege of Jerusalem did not begin until the middle of winter  In the  th year of the reign of Zedekiah on the  th day   Thursday  January  th  Nebuchadnezzar with all his army came before Jerusalem  He built forts all around it   Ki     Jer         In memorial of this event a yearly fast is kept among the Jews beginning from the captivity until this day Zec","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414b AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":832,"EventTxt":"On the same day of the siege of Jerusalem  God revealed to Ezekiel who was in Chaldea its complete destruction  This was represented to him in type to a seething pot  His wife died that day in the evening  He was told not to mourn her death  In this way he was to signify the grievous calamity of the Jews which was to surpass all expressions of grief by mourning","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 24:1-27","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414b AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":833,"EventTxt":"God told the prophet Jeremiah to tell Zedekiah of the complete destruction and burning of Jerusalem brought on by the king of Babylon  Zedekiah was to be carried away prisoner to Babylon  However  he would die in peace and have an honourable burial","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 34:1-7","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":834,"EventTxt":"Zedekiah imprisoned Jeremiah for his prophecy in the king s prison house  This happened in the  th year of Zedekiah and the beginning of the  th year of Nebuchadnezzar  He recovered the land of Hanameel  by right of redemption     All things then came to pass which he foretold  These are contained in","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 32:1-16\", \"Jer 32:1-33\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":835,"EventTxt":"Pharaohhophra  also called Vaphris  came with his army from Egypt  to help Zedekiah and the Chaldeans raised the siege before Jerusalem  Jeremiah was allowed to go free during the siege and had not been thrown into the dungeon until later  Zedekiah sent messengers to Jeremiah to ask him to make intercession to God for the deliverance of the people  Jeremiah told him that the Egyptians would return to their own land and the Chaldeans would return to Jerusalem and destroy the city by fire","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 37:3-10","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":836,"EventTxt":"When the siege was raised the people took back their Hebrew servants whom they had formerly set free  because they no longer feared the enemy  They made them serve them as before  which was contrary to the law and covenant  For this barbarous act  Jeremiah reproved them  telling them if they released their servants they would escape the sword  famine and pestilence of the returning Chaldeans  He told them the Chaldeans would be returning to make war again and would take their city and burn it to the ground  Jer","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":837,"EventTxt":"While the Chaldeans were perusing the Egyptian army  Jeremiah planned to escape but he was stopped by the princes  He was taken and scourged and cast into the dungeon in Jonathan s house for a long time     While Nebuchadnezzar was perusing the Egyptians in the  th year of his reign  he took   prisoners from Jerusalem and for safeguard  he sent them all back to Babylon  Jer","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 37:11-16","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":838,"EventTxt":"Pittacus of Mitylene was one of the   wise men  He was sent against Phrynon who was surnamed the Pancratiast  which means a man excellent in all feats of chivalry  Phrynon was an olympian who won the bell in the games at Olympus  At that time he was serving as a general of the Athenian army  He had taken two towns  Sigeum and Achilleum  from the Lacedemonians  with a Navy to Troas  In this battle  the Athenians were victorious  They took the shield of Abraeus  since the poet of Mitylene  had thrown it away in his efforts to escape  They hung it up in the temple of Minerva in Sigeum  After this  Phrynon challenged any man that dared to encounter him to a single combat  Pittacus accepted the challenge and with a little net which he had hid under the hollow of his shield  he caught him by the head and killed him with his three forked spear  The Mitylenians offered him a large portion of land for killing Phrynon  He only accepted as much land as he could throw his spear across  On this land he built a temple and called it Pittacium  This story seems to be mangled and is imperfect in Herodotus         c      However that defects in him is supplied by Plutarch  in his book entitled  De malignitate Herodoti  of the envy  or spitefulness of Herodotus  together with  Strabo        Polyenus         Festus  in the word  Retiarius a fighter with a net  and Diogenes Laetius         He tells us  that the Mitylenians for that service made him their sovereign  of their own accord    years before he died  He states this was in the third year of the  nd Olympiad  In carefully calculating it  I chose to place it in the  rd year of the  th  though Eusebius places it on the  nd year of the  rd Olympiad  This seems to more closely agree because in the Catalogue of the Victorious Runners who won prizes  Phrynon  is said to have gotten the bell in the  th Olympiad  The war did not end with this duel  but their quarrel was referred to by both parties to Periander of Corinth  who was also reckoned as another of the seven wise men of the world  As an indifferent arbitrator  he ordered that each party should hold what they had in their possession  The Mitylenians were to keep the Town of Achilleum and the Athenians Sigeum   Herod        c        Strabo        Periander out of Sosicrates shows that Laertius died   years after this and before the  th Olympiad  This reveals Herodotus  error in his account of times  where he makes this peace between the Athenians and Mitylenians  toward the latter end of the Successors of Pisistratus in Athens  government","YearBCAD":-590,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3414,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4124,"Dating":"3414d AM, 4124 JP, 590 BC"}
{"Index":839,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the captivity of Jeconiah and on the  th day of the  th month   on Sunday  February  st   Ezekiel prophesied against Pharaoh and all Egypt  Ezekiel foretold that Pharaoh would prove to be only a staff or reed to the house of Israel  Pharaoh s attempts to relieve Israel were all in vain  He predicted that Pharaoh himself would be over thrown in the desert of Libya by the Cyreraeans   see note in the year     Egypt was to be miserably wasted by the Babylonians and that desolation would last for   years","YearBCAD":-589,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 29:1-16","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3415,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4125,"Dating":"3415b AM, 4125 JP, 589 BC"}
{"Index":840,"EventTxt":"When Nebuchadnezzar had routed the Egyptian army  he presently returned to the siege of Jerusalem about the  th day of the  rd month  that is     days before he took it Eze       Jeremiah told Zedekiah that he would be given into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar  Zedekiah then command him to be removed out of the Dungeon of the prison in Jonathan s house and taken into the court of the prison  He was to be given a roll of bread each day as long as there was any bread left in the city  Jer","YearBCAD":-589,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3415,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4125,"Dating":"3415c AM, 4125 JP, 589 BC"}
{"Index":841,"EventTxt":"As the siege continued Zedekiah inquired of Jeremiah  but he still sent him the same answer  that both king and people must fall into Nebuchadnezzar s hands  He said if any stayed in the city they would perish by sword  famine or pestilence  However  if any would go out  and submit to the king of Babylon  they would have their lives saved","YearBCAD":-589,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 21:1-14","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3415,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3415d AM,4125JP, 589BC"}
{"Index":842,"EventTxt":"The princes cast Jeremiah into Malchiah s dungeon  which was in the court of the prison for answering the king in this way  He was delivered by the help of Ebed Melech  one of the kings Eunuchs  and was again consulted by the king  When he still continued in pronouncing judgment against the land of Judah  he was still kept in the court of the prison until the city was taken  Jer        He assured Ebedmelech  in the name of the   that he would be free from all harm and danger in that calamity","YearBCAD":-589,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 39:15-18","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3415,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3415d AM,4125JP, 589BC"}
{"Index":843,"EventTxt":"Tyre rejoiced to see the wretched condition Jerusalem experienced by Nebuchadnezzar s hand  However  in the    th year of Jeconiah s captivity  in the first day of the first month  Ezekiel prophesied that Tyre would also perish in like manner by the same hand and that all who saw her former wealth and bravery would be amazed  Tremellius and Pradus places this prophecy in the  th month  This would place it in the  th year of Jeconiah s captivity in Babylon  He also foretold the same misery for the Sidonians  Tyre s neighbours     At that time the fame of Daniel s wisdom was so great  even in foreign nations  that used to speak in a proverbial way as wise as Daniel  It was from this man that God upbraided Ithobolus king of Tyre  with his pride and arrogancy of his mind  vv behold  thou art wiser than Daniel  no secret can be hid from thee  Eze","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 26:1-18","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":844,"EventTxt":"In the same year  the  th day of the  rd month   Tuesday  April  th  God revealed his will to Ezekiel  of sending and arming Nebuchadnezzar against Pharaoh  to the ruin of Egypt","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 30:20-26","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":845,"EventTxt":"In the same year also  upon the first day of the  rd month   Sunday  June  th  God declared that the Egyptian  could no more avoid this determination  than the Assyrian could","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 31:1-18","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":846,"EventTxt":"Near the end of the    th year of Zedekiah  Jer     on the  th day of the  th month  Wednesday  July  th  the famine grew strong in Jerusalem  The city was broken up and the Chaldeans entered it     Jer","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 26:2-4","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":847,"EventTxt":"When the city was taken Zedekiah and all the men of war fled away by night","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":848,"EventTxt":"The Chaldeans pursued after them and took Zedekiah  They brought him as a prisoner to Riblah where Nebuchadnezzar was  He saw his children slaughtered and he had then his eyes put out  He was enchained with steel chains and carried away from there to Babylon   Ki       Jer               The prophecies were fulfilled of him  that with his eyes he would see the king of Babylon  Jer         but he would not see Babylon although he would die there  Eze","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":849,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  th month  Wednesday  August  th  Nebuzaradan  captain of the guard was sent by Nebuchadnezzar to enter the city  Ki     He spent two days preparing provisions  On the  th day of that month   Sunday  August  th  he executed his charge  He set fire to the temple and on the king s palace  He also burned to the ground all the noble men s houses  with all the rest of the houses in Jerusalem Jer         Our country man Tho  Lydiate  thinks that fire was set on it on the  th  but not burnt down till the  th  In remembrance of this calamity  the fast of the  th month was ordained to be kept Zec           This fast is observed by the Jews to this day  However it is kept by them on the  th day and not the  th of the month Ab  The temple was destroyed toward the end of the  th year of Nebuchadnezzar s reign  Jer       Ki     This was in the beginning of the first year of the  th olympiad  in the  th year  running of Nebonasar s account    years    months and   days  from the time that Solomon laid the first stone","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":850,"EventTxt":"On the same  th month  Jer     all the walls of Jerusalem were levelled to the ground  Nebuchadnezzar carried back to Babylon all the remaining people in the city  all those who had formerly fled over to him  all the common people of the city  all the treasure of the king and of his nobles and the furniture of the temple  Jer               Ki           Thus  Judah was carried away out of her own land  Jer      Ki       years after David began to reign over it  These events have been recorded from the dividing of the   tribes  from the tribe of Judah    years and from the destruction of the kingdom of Israel    years  Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"5th Age","TextSrc1":"Ch 36:18-20","BibBk1":"Ch","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":851,"EventTxt":"Nebuzaradan left the basest sort of the people in the land of Judah to dress the vineyards and to till the ground  The king appointed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam  a man of the same country as governor Jer          Ki         but without any kingly title  The reason for this is  as Severus Supitius  in his sacred History  notes vv To have some preeminence over a few miserable boors or persons  was not reckoned to be any dignity at all","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":852,"EventTxt":"Nebuzaradan took to Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah  Seraiah the chief priest and Zephaniah the second priest and the three keepers of the gate of the temple  and other principal men  They were put to death there  Jer        Ki       Jehozadak  the son of Seraiah and who after him came to be the high priest  was carried away captive to Babylon  ICh","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":853,"EventTxt":"Jeremiah was bound with chains and was carried with the rest as far as Ramah towards Babylon  There his irons were removed and he was set free  He was given his choice of either going to Babylon and there to be honourably treated or stay in the country with those miserable wretches who were left behind  He decided to stay and was sent back with money in his purse to Gedaliah the governor at Mizpah in the tribe of Benjamin  Jer","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":854,"EventTxt":"The captains and companies  who fled by night when the city was first taken   Ki     Jer     were scattered over the country  These with all the Jews who had fled to the Moabites and Ammonites and other nearby nations  after a while returned to Gedaliah in their own country  They were given a good provision of wine and oil and other summer fruits to live on  Jer        Ki","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":855,"EventTxt":"Ishmael  the son of Nethaniah  of the family of the kings of Judah was bribed by Baalis king of the Ammonites to kill Gedaliah  He came to him with ten resolute fellows to Mizpah  They were graciously entertained by Gedaliah who gave no credit to those who told him of Ishmael s treachery and died as a result","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Jer 40:13-16","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3416,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3416c AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":856,"EventTxt":"In the  th month  Ishmael with his ten companions murdered Gedaliah as well as any Chaldeans and men of arms they found in Mizpah     Ki     In remembrance of this  the Jews keep a fast to this day  on the  rd day of this month Tizri  A day or two later  the same Ishmael slew some more men  who clad in mourning apparel  brought offerings and frankincense from Sichem  Shiloh and Samaria to the house of the Lord that now lay in ruins  These were tricked into going to Mizpah  where they were murdered in the open streets  Their bodies were cast into the well of king Asa","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 41:1-3\", \"Jer 41:4-9\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3417a AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":857,"EventTxt":"Ishmael returned to the king of Ammon with the king s daughters and the rest of the people who were left at Mizpah as his prisoners  Johanan  the son of Kareah  met him with a band of men and took away all his prisoners and set them free  Ishmael with only eight men in his company fled to the Ammonites  Jer","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3417a AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":858,"EventTxt":"Johanan and all his captains with the rest of the people remained near Bethlehem  For fear of the Chaldeans they intended to flee into Egypt     Many of them went to Jeremiah and desired an answer by him from God about this plan  After   days  he told them God s message  He exhorted them not to leave their country  He assured them that if they stayed  God would protect them there and that no harm should come to them from the Babylonians  If they went into Egypt  everyone of them would perish by sword  by famine  by other kinds of death  The common people went into Egypt according to their old custom of never obeying good counsel nor God s commands  They took Jeremiah and Baruch the son of Neriah with them to Tahpanhes  Here Jeremiah declared to them in a type  the destruction of Egypt by Nebuchadnezzar        Severus Sulpicius  Sacred History","YearBCAD":-588,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 41:16-18\", \"Jer 42:1-43\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4126,"Dating":"3417a AM, 4126 JP, 588 BC"}
{"Index":859,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Jeconiah s captivity  on the  th day of the  th month   Wednesday  January  th  when news came to Ezekiel of the taking of Jerusalem  the prophet foretold of the utter destruction of the remaining Israelites  This was after the others had fled to Egypt","YearBCAD":-587,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 32:1-16","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4127,"Dating":"3417b AM, 4127 JP, 587 BC"}
{"Index":860,"EventTxt":"In the same  th year  in the first day of the  th month   Wednesday  March  nd  Ezekiel prophesied of the grievous plague and affliction which Nebuchadnezzar would bring on the land of Egypt","YearBCAD":-587,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 33:1-16","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4127,"Dating":"3417b AM, 4127 JP, 587 BC"}
{"Index":861,"EventTxt":"On the  th day  the same prophet predicted of Pharaoh and all the people of Egypt that they would be brought down as low as hell with the rest of the uncircumcised nations  Eze","YearBCAD":-587,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4127,"Dating":"3417b AM, 4127 JP, 587 BC"}
{"Index":862,"EventTxt":"Jeremiah prophesied of the destruction which would follow the Israelites at Migdol not far from the Red Sea  Ex     at Tahpanhes   or Daphne pelusium   at Noph  at Memphis and in Pathros  a country in Egypt  For a certain sign of their own misery  he gave them Pharaoh  or Apryes  king of Egypt  whom they should see brought low before their eyes  Jer","YearBCAD":-587,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4127,"Dating":"3417b AM, 4127 JP, 587 BC"}
{"Index":863,"EventTxt":"Obadiah the prophet uttered a prophecy against Edom  which shamefully gloated over the calamity of the Jews when Jerusalem was destroyed  Likewise Jeremiah did  Jer     Eze     and the authors of the Psalms            who wrote about the same time","YearBCAD":-587,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ps 79:1-1","BibBk1":"Ps","AnnoMund":3417,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4127,"Dating":"3417b AM, 4127 JP, 587 BC"}
{"Index":864,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus had lived   years or more with his father in Persia  his grandfather Astyages sent for him  He and his mother Mandane went to him in Media   Xenophon  li     of the Unstitu  of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-586,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3418,"JulPer":4128,"Dating":"3418 AM, 4128 JP, 586 BC"}
{"Index":865,"EventTxt":"When Ithobalus was reigning in Tyre  it was besieged   years by Nebuchadnezzar  Josephus reports this from Philostratus and other writers of the affairs of Phoenicia   Antiq        c             cont  Apion   During these   years  it seems that the neighbouring nations  the Moabites  the Ammonites and Edomites  were also subdued by Nebuchadnezzar  according to the predictions of the prophets","YearBCAD":-585,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 27:1-22\", \"Eze 25:1-17\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3419,"JulPer":4129,"Dating":"3419 AM, 4129 JP, 585 BC"}
{"Index":866,"EventTxt":"It was the  rd year of Nebuchadnezzar s reign when he lay siege to Tyre  which borders the land of Israel Jos     Nebuzaradan  captain of his guard  took away   remaining Jews and Israelites together to Babylon  Jer     This extreme depopulation was foretold by Ezekiel Eze       in reference to the iniquity of Israel lasting   years  which was distinct from Judah s iniquity lasting   years until it was ended","YearBCAD":-584,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3420,"JulPer":4130,"Dating":"3420 AM, 4130 JP, 584 BC"}
{"Index":867,"EventTxt":"Cyrus was now almost   years of age  Evil merodach  the king of Assyria s son  was about to marry a wife called Nicotris  He made an inroad  with a great army of cavalry and foot soldiers on the borders of Media  There he took his pleasure in hunting and harrowing the country  Astyages  Cyaxares  son and Cyrus  grandchild had just begun to bear arms  They marched out and met him in a battle with the cavalry and overthrew him  driving him out of his borders   Xenophon        of the institution of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-583,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3421,"JulPer":4131,"Dating":"3421 AM, 4131 JP, 583 BC"}
{"Index":868,"EventTxt":"After this Cyrus was called home by his father Cambyses  He had one year left of schooling  Xenophon in the same book tells us this  It is also referenced in Athenaeus    th book Dipnosoph out of Dion that Cyrus who served Astyages as the holder of his battle axe and later as one of his armour bearers returned into Persia  At that same time Angeres who was a musician sang a song while Astyages feasted his friends  He said  vv That a fierce wild beast  more fierce than any   was let go  and sent into a sunny country and that he should reign over all these provinces and should with a handful of men  maintain war against great armies   c","YearBCAD":-583,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3421,"JulPer":4131,"Dating":"3421 AM, 4131 JP, 583 BC"}
{"Index":869,"EventTxt":"Astyages tried to call back Cyrus again  but could not get him","YearBCAD":-583,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3421,"JulPer":4131,"Dating":"3421 AM, 4131 JP, 583 BC"}
{"Index":870,"EventTxt":"Cyrus spent   years among boys and then he spent ten years more among the youths   Xenophon       of the Instit  of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-582,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3422,"JulPer":4132,"Dating":"3422 AM, 4132 JP, 582 BC"}
{"Index":871,"EventTxt":"In the  th Olympiad  Epitelides the Lacedemonian  won the race in running  Certain men from Cnidos  not Rhodes  avoided the hostility of the kings of Asia by agreeing to make a colony elsewhere  They made Pentathlus a Cnidian  who was of the family of Hippotas  the son of Hercules  They moved to Sicily when Egesta and Selinunte were at war with each other  Pentathlus was killed while fighting within the ranks of the Selinuntians  The rest of them made Gorgus  Thestor and Epethirsis their captains  These men were all from the same family as Pentathlus was  They set sail from there and settled in the Isle of Lipara   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-580,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3424,"JulPer":4134,"Dating":"3424 AM, 4134 JP, 580 BC"}
{"Index":872,"EventTxt":"Arcesilars reigned   years in Cyrenaica and was succeeded by his son Battus who was surnamed Eudaemon  A large multitude of Greeks were advised by the Oracle at Delphi to go to Battus  They ravaged the lands of the bordering Libyans and divided it among themselves  Before this the colony in Cyrene consisted only of those who came from the Isle of Thera whose founder was Battus   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-575,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3429,"JulPer":4139,"Dating":"3429 AM, 4139 JP, 575 BC"}
{"Index":873,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the first month of the  th year of the captivity of Jeconiah   Tuesday  April  th  Jonathan the Chaldee Paraphrast states that   years after the destruction of Jerusalem  Ezekiel had a vision  In this vision the temple  the city and the kingdom of the Israelites was restored  This also foretold the restoration of the church by Christ with its greatness  honour and excellence","YearBCAD":-574,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 40:1-48","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3430,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4140,"Dating":"3430c AM, 4140 JP, 574 BC"}
{"Index":874,"EventTxt":"The Libyans were driven out of their lands and country by the inhabitants of Cyrenaica  They put themselves under the protection of Apryes king of Egypt  He gathered a great army together and sent them against the Cyrenians  The Cyrenians camped at a place called Irasa near the fountain called Thestis  They routed the army of the Egyptians so that only a few of them were left to return again into Egypt  The Egyptians grew angry with Apryes and revolted from him  They thought that he purposely sent them on a suicide mission to be rid of them  They reasoned that he did this so that he might more easily dominate the rest that were left   Herod        c              Diodor  sic","YearBCAD":-574,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3430,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4140,"Dating":"3430c AM, 4140 JP, 574 BC"}
{"Index":875,"EventTxt":"Amasis  also called Saits   who was frequently spoken of by Plato in his Timaeus  was sent by his father to stop this rebellion of the people  However  they made him king instead of his father  Apryes sent Paterbanes  a noble person  to call Amasis back  When Paterbanes returned  they cut off his nose and ears  because he did not bring Amasis back with him  After this unworthy act took place  all the people defected from him to Amasis   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-573,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3431,"JulPer":4141,"Dating":"3431 AM, 4141 JP, 573 BC"}
{"Index":876,"EventTxt":"Finally  Tyre surrendered to Nebuchadnezzar  It was not taken by force  and was ransacked by the soldiers  Eze       Therefore he replaced king Ithobains with Gaal  a man of the same country to be a petty king there  He governed them   years  as Josephus affirms from the Annals of the Phoenicians   lib     contra Apion","YearBCAD":-572,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3432,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4142,"Dating":"3432b AM, 4142 JP, 572 BC"}
{"Index":877,"EventTxt":"In the  st day of the  st month of the  th year of the captivity of Jeconiah   Tuesday  April  st   God promised to give all Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar for a spoil in recompence for his long labour in defeating Tyre","YearBCAD":-572,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 29:17-20","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3432,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4142,"Dating":"3432c AM, 4142 JP, 572 BC"}
{"Index":878,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus was   years old  he was taken from the rank of striplings  and reckoned among the number of men  according to the discipline and use of the Persians   Xenophon        of the institution of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-572,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3432,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4142,"Dating":"3432c AM, 4142 JP, 572 BC"}
{"Index":879,"EventTxt":"Taking advantage of the rebellion in Eygpt  Nebuchadnezzar invaded Egypt with his army after he was solicited by Amasis to help him against his father Apryes  After he conquored it from Syene to the ends of it  he made havock of the Egyptians and of the Jews which lived there  Some he killed and he lead away the rest into captivity according to Jeremiah s prophecies","YearBCAD":-572,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Jer 43:1-44\", \"Eze 29:1-31\")","BibBk1":"Jer","AnnoMund":3432,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4142,"Dating":"3432c AM, 4142 JP, 572 BC"}
{"Index":880,"EventTxt":"Pharaohhophra  or Apryes  was forced to retreat into the country of Thebez  It seems Nebuchadnezzar made Amasis his viceroy over all Egypt  Though Herodotus did not know of this for Scaliger observes in his notes  Ad Fragmenta  vv The priests of Egypt told him of such things  as he desired to know  They spoke only of things that glorified their nation  but concealed the rest  This showed their cowardice and slavery  and made payment of tribute to the Chaldeans","YearBCAD":-571,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3433,"JulPer":4143,"Dating":"3433 AM, 4143 JP, 571 BC"}
{"Index":881,"EventTxt":"When Nebuchadnezzar finished his conquests  he returned to Babylon  When at ease in his own palace  he had that remarkable dream of the great tree whose destiny was to be cut down  This tree represented him  The meaning of it was explained by Daniel when he could not learn it from his wizards of Chaldea  Da","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":882,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar now built up Babylon in wonderful magnificence and beauty  He built a whole new city outside the old one and enclosed all of it with a triple wall made of brick  As a favour to his Median wife called Amyrtis   of whom I spoke in   AM  king Astyages  daughter  he made that famous and so much renowned garden  born on pillars of which Berosus writes  vv He built that garden  called the Hanging Garden  because his wife desired the pleasure of the hills since she was brought up in Media","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":883,"EventTxt":"Q  Curtius said  vv It is said that a king of Syria  reigning in Babylon  built this great work at the importunity of his wife  whom he dearly loved  She desired to enjoy the pleasure of hills and woods  in that low country of Babylon and set her husband to the task of imitating the genius or spirit of Nature itself  by the amenity and pleasantness of this work","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":884,"EventTxt":"Those who would know more of the infinite magnificence and sumptuousness of this work must read the fragments which are left from Berosus and Abydenus  The former blames the Greek writers who attribute this work to Semyramis  where indeed  this and those other vast and magnificent structures were the works of this Nebuchadnezzar  So states Josephus  in his first Book centra Apion  The latter writer says plainly that those vast walls with their brazen gates were reckoned among the wonders of the world and remained to the times of Alexander the Great  Eubebius in his ninth book  De Evangelical Preparat  attributes this to Nebuchadnezzar  Clitarchus and others  who accompanied Alexander in that journey state that the circumfirence of that wall was   furlongs   about   miles  according to the number of the days of the year   Diod  Sic         They also state that every furlong s length of it was built and completed in one day   Q  Curtius        c","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":885,"EventTxt":"Twelve whole months were no sooner past  but Nebuchadnezzar  growing proud and boastful of the magnificency of his buildings  lost his mind and was put out of his palace  He spent seven years in the woods and fields among beasts  Da","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":886,"EventTxt":"Apryes gathered an army of     mercenaries from Ionia and Caria to help him fight with his son Amasis  at Memphis  The army was routed and he was taken prisoner  He was kept for a while in the city of Sais  Not long after this  he was strangled  according to the prophecy of Jer       Herod           and   and by Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":887,"EventTxt":"After his death Amasis reigned   years   Herod        c      and paid tribute all that time to the king of Babylon  The priests did not make that known to Herodotus","YearBCAD":-570,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3434,"JulPer":4144,"Dating":"3434 AM, 4144 JP, 570 BC"}
{"Index":888,"EventTxt":"The  th year of Jubilee","YearBCAD":-563,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4151,"Dating":"3442a AM, 4151 JP, 563 BC"}
{"Index":889,"EventTxt":"At the end of   years  Nebuchadnezzar humbly acknowledged the power of God  He was restored both to his right mind and his kingdom  He publicly proclaimed God s great grace and mercy shown toward him and his power over all nations","YearBCAD":-563,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 4:34-37","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4151,"Dating":"3442a AM, 4151 JP, 563 BC"}
{"Index":890,"EventTxt":"Nebuchadnezzar died after he had foretold that Cyrus would capture Babylon  So states Abydenus  quoted by Euseb        Prapar  Evang  c  ult   based on the account from the Chaldeans  He departed this life after he had reigned about   months as viceroy in the kingdom with his father and   years by himself","YearBCAD":-562,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4152,"Dating":"3442b AM, 4152 JP, 562 BC"}
{"Index":891,"EventTxt":"After Nebuchadnezzar  his son Evilmerodach reigned  In the  th year of the captivity of Jehoiachin  or Jeconiah  about the  th day of the  th month  Tuesday  April  th   Evilmerodach ordered Jeconiah to be promoted  Jer     Two days later he took him from prison  changed his prison clothes and sat him ahead of all the princes in his court  He counted him among the king s friends and for the rest of his life  Jeconiah ate at the king s table","YearBCAD":-562,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ki 25:27-29","BibBk1":"Ki","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4152,"Dating":"3442b AM, 4152 JP, 562 BC"}
{"Index":892,"EventTxt":"In Lydia after Haylyattes died  his son Cresus reigned for   years   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-562,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4152,"Dating":"3442b AM, 4152 JP, 562 BC"}
{"Index":893,"EventTxt":"After king Baal  the king of Babylon governed Tyre by judges  The first one was Ecnibalus the son of Baslacus  whom Scaliger calls  xl m  b l bAynk  He ruled   months  Next came Chelbes  the son of Abdeus  whom Scaliger also calls ydba  b fbklx   He ruled there   months according to Josephus who writes this from the Phoenician Annals    Josephus  Apion       <   >","YearBCAD":-562,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3442,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4152,"Dating":"3442b AM, 4152 JP, 562 BC"}
{"Index":894,"EventTxt":"Abhar the high priest judged Tyre   months  After him  Mitgonus and Gerastratus governed them for   years    Josephus  Apion       <   >","YearBCAD":-561,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3443,"JulPer":4153,"Dating":"3443 AM, 4153 JP, 561 BC"}
{"Index":895,"EventTxt":"When Croesus was living at Sardis  all the wise and learned men of Greece went to him including Solon the law maker  Solon had that famous discussion with Croesus about of the uncertainty of man s life and of all human happiness in it   Herod     I e       There exists at Laertius a short epistle of Solon s to Croesus that Solon wrote near the end of his life  He said that he was sent for by Croesus at the time Pisistratus governed Athens  At the same time  Aesop  a Phrygian who composed those famous fables  was sent for by Croesus to come to him at Sardis  Croesus held Aesop in great esteem  Croesus was upset with Solon and was dismissed in an uncivil manner because Solon spoke quite candidly to him  He sent him a letter stating that kings must have either very few or very pleasing words spoken to them  Solon wrote back that kings must have  either very few or very honest things spoken to them      Plutarch  Solon     I e","YearBCAD":-561,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3443,"JulPer":4153,"Dating":"3443 AM, 4153 JP, 561 BC"}
{"Index":896,"EventTxt":"Aesop went from Sardis to Delphi and was there most unjustly sentenced to die  Accordingly he was thrown down the rock there  called Phaedrias  about the  th olympiad according to Trabe  That is near the end of the  th year of that olympiad  if the times be correctly calculated  The revenge of this murder was often threatened by the Oracle there  It was later executed by Judmon  grandchild to that Judmon of the Isle of Samos  Aesop sometime had been with this slave and with Rhodope of Thracia  that famous strumpet   Herod        ca","YearBCAD":-561,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3443,"JulPer":4153,"Dating":"3443 AM, 4153 JP, 561 BC"}
{"Index":897,"EventTxt":"After Solon left Croesus  he went into Cilicia and there built a city  and called it Solos after himself  He settled certain Athenians there  In process of time  they corrupted the native language and were said to commit solecisms in their speech according to Laertius in his life reports  This place is more properly said of the Solii in Cyprus than of the Solenses in Cilicia  This is shown by Solon in his eulogies written to Philonyprus the king  recorded by Plutarch  in the life of Solon  Here Plutarch also tells us that this petty king of Cyprus made use of Solon s wit and counsel in some of his own affairs  He moved a little town formerly called Epea  into a lower ground more fit and useful for habitation and in honour of Solon  called it Solos","YearBCAD":-561,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3443,"JulPer":4153,"Dating":"3443 AM, 4153 JP, 561 BC"}
{"Index":898,"EventTxt":"After Solon departed  Croesus  who deemed himself the happiest man alive  found out by sad experience that all Solon had told him  of the instability of man s life and happiness of it was true  For shortly thereafter he had a dream in which he saw his son Atys thrust through with a spear  This was a portent of the violent death which was soon to happen to him  He sought diligently to prevent this and was prepared to marry him  Adrastus of Phrygia of the king s family there had slain his own brother  He was banished against his will by his father Midas  the son of Gordius   not that old Midas  the son of Gordias king of Phrygia  whose Epitaph made by Homer and set upon his tomb  Herodutus in the life of Homer recounts   He came to Sardis and Croesus pardoned him for this accidental death  When Croesus had done this  he committed to him the care and safe keeping of his son Atys  At that time  he was requested by the Mysians to come and help kill a huge boar which destroyed the grain and other crops growing about the hill Olympus  It also often killed many of the farmers  When Adrastus aimed at the boar with the point of his spear  he accidentally gored Atys and killed him  When Croesus had pardoned him for this  he killed himself on the tomb of Atys  When Croesus lost his son  he spent two whole years mourning for him  He broke off his mourning for fear of Cyrus  growing power and by whom he was afterward conquered   Herod     I e        whereof also you may see  what Hen  Valesius states in his collections  Diodo  Sic  p      and what Val  Max  states        c","YearBCAD":-561,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3443,"JulPer":4153,"Dating":"3443 AM, 4153 JP, 561 BC"}
{"Index":899,"EventTxt":"Evilmerodach the king of Babylon  was a wicked man  He had many attempts made on his life and was murdered by Neriglissoros  his sister s husband  when he had reigned little more than two years   Berosus       of the Chaldean Affairs  cited by Josephus       contra Apion  We read that Jeconiah king of Judah had a daily food allowance made for him for his diet until he died  Jer      Ki     Therefore  it is most probable  that Jeconiah himself died about the same time Evilmerodach died","YearBCAD":-560,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3444,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4154,"Dating":"3444c AM, 4154 JP, 560 BC"}
{"Index":900,"EventTxt":"After Neriglissoros murdered Evilmerodach  he reigned   years   Berosus       Chalean Affairs","YearBCAD":-560,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3444,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4154,"Dating":"3444d AM, 4154 JP, 560 BC"}
{"Index":901,"EventTxt":"In the kingdom of Media when Astyages or Assuerus died  APC Tob     he was succeeded by his son Cyaxares  Cyrus his mother s brother   Xenophon       of the Institution of Cyrus  This was in the beginning of the first year of the  th Olympiad    years before the death of Cyrus  Daniel calls Cyaxares  Darius the Mede  the son of Assuerus","YearBCAD":-560,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3444,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4154,"Dating":"3444d AM, 4154 JP, 560 BC"}
{"Index":902,"EventTxt":"The king of Babylon conscripted troops from his own subjects and help from Croesus the king of Lydia with the Cappadocians  the Phrygians  Carians Paphlagonians and Cisicians  on the west  On the east he approached the Indians also to join with him in battle against the Medes and Persians  He told them that they were two great nations who were now allied together  If they were not checked  they would eventually overrun and bring into subjection all countries near and far  Cyrus was made general of the Persian army by his father Cambyes and all the counsel of the kingdom  He was sent to Media with     soldiers and   commanders all of equal authority under his command   Xenophon        Institution of Cyrus   When he came he was made general of the Median forces by his uncle Cyaxares who had sent for him and was placed solely in charge of the war against the Babylonians  From this time are the   years of his reign or principality reckoned starting from the end of the  st year of the  th Olympiad   Julius Africanus        of his Annals  from Diod  Sic   Thallus  Castor  Polybius  Phlegon  and other chronologers also count this as the beginning of the reign of Cyrus as cited by Eusebius         de Prapara  Evangelica","YearBCAD":-559,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3445,"JulPer":4155,"Dating":"3445 AM, 4155 JP, 559 BC"}
{"Index":903,"EventTxt":"In the spring of that year  at the close of the same year of the same Olympiad  Solon  left Philocyprus the king and the Solii  He thought to return to Athens as we find in his eulogies as mentioned before in Plutarch  However  he suddenly became sick and died in Cyprus at the age of   years  Laertius says this happened in the year when Hegestrates was archon or president of Athens and in the second year of Pisistratus ruling there   Plutarch from Phanias the Ephesian","YearBCAD":-559,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3445,"JulPer":4155,"Dating":"3445 AM, 4155 JP, 559 BC"}
{"Index":904,"EventTxt":"In the  th year after the desolation of Jerusalem  the unknown author of  nd Esdras claims to have had that conference with the angel Uriel  This is recorded in APC      at what time Salathiel was captain of the people  APC  Es     because Jeconiah was dead","YearBCAD":-558,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 3:1-4","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3446,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4156,"Dating":"3446b AM, 4156 JP, 558 BC"}
{"Index":905,"EventTxt":"When Croesus was preparing to fight with Cyrus  he sent great presents to Delphi and consulted the oracle there concerning the matter of this war  This was   years before Sardis was taken   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-558,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3446,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4156,"Dating":"3446b AM, 4156 JP, 558 BC"}
{"Index":906,"EventTxt":"When the king of Armenia saw that the Babylonians were making preparations against Cyraxeres  he would neither send him aid nor pay him tribute any longer in spite of the agreement he had made when Astyages or Cyaxares had overcome and subjected him  Therefore  Cyaxares  under the pretence of a hunting trip  attacked Armenia and defeated both him and his son Tigranes in a battle  He put them under his control again  He also conquered the mountains which lie between Armenia and Chaldea and there built a strong fort  He made peace on certain conditions between the two nations   Xenoph        de Instit  Cyri","YearBCAD":-557,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3447,"JulPer":4157,"Dating":"3447 AM, 4157 JP, 557 BC"}
{"Index":907,"EventTxt":"Cyaxares and Cyrus marched against the Babylonian king  Croesus and the rest of the confederates and gained a major victory over them  The king of Babylon fell in the battle and Croesus with those which were left  broke his camp by night and fled  Cyrus who had made a league with the Hircanians who had defected to him from the Babylonians  used their help and guidance in the way to pursue the fleeing enemy  He overtook them and after another battle he defeated them  After Croesus sent away his women by night because the days were so hot  he left his camp with all his horses  The Hyrcanins fell upon the companies of the Cappadocians and Arabians and slew both their kings  Cyrus spared the lives of such as either were taken by force or had yielded to mercy  He divided the spoil of the battle among his soldiers   Herod","YearBCAD":-556,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3448,"JulPer":4158,"Dating":"3448 AM, 4158 JP, 556 BC"}
{"Index":908,"EventTxt":"Laborosoarchodus  son of Neriglissorus  was much more wicked than his father  He reigned after his father for   months in Babylon   Berosus","YearBCAD":-556,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3448,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4158,"Dating":"3448c AM, 4158 JP, 556 BC"}
{"Index":909,"EventTxt":"Balatorus reigned in Tyre for one year among other judges   Phoenici  Annal","YearBCAD":-556,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3448,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4158,"Dating":"3448c AM, 4158 JP, 556 BC"}
{"Index":910,"EventTxt":"Gobrias  had an only son who was killed by that new king of Babylon in a hunting match  He and his friends defected to Cyrus   Xen","YearBCAD":-556,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3448,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4158,"Dating":"3448c AM, 4158 JP, 556 BC"}
{"Index":911,"EventTxt":"Cyrus came to invade the country of Babylon  He stood outside the walls of the city and challenged the new king to a duel  Gadatas  was a noble man of whom this new king was jealous because the king s wife admired him  so he defected to Cyrus  The Babylonians sought revenge for this and spoiled Gadatas  lands  Cyrus pursued them and routed their forces  Unknown to Cyrus  the Cadusii  whom he had appointed as the rear guards of his army  had laid siege to a country near the city  They were cut off by the king of Babylon  When Cyrus first revenged the death of these men  he came to an agreement with the king to allow only the soldiers to fight allowing the peasants on both sides to hold a truce  He passed beyond the city and captured three of their forts  He returned to the confines of Assyria and Media from where he started  He invited his uncle Cyaxares to come him  When he came there  Cyrus honourably received and entertained him in the pavilion of the king of Assyria  Neriglostorus  Since winter was approaching  they consulted together about the things necessary to maintain the siege  should it carry on that long   Xenophon","YearBCAD":-556,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3448,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4158,"Dating":"3448c AM, 4158 JP, 556 BC"}
{"Index":912,"EventTxt":"After Laborosoarchadus  who was disposed of by his subjects for his acts of villany  Nebuchadnezzar s grandchild by his daughter succeeded him  He was his son by Evilmerodach and called by Berosus  Nabonidus  but by Herodotus  Labynitus  by Abydenus  Mabannidochus and by Daniel  Belshazzar  also Baltazar  He reigned   years  according to Berosus in his third book of his Chaldee History and Ptolemy in Can  Reg","YearBCAD":-555,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3449,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4159,"Dating":"3449b AM, 4159 JP, 555 BC"}
{"Index":913,"EventTxt":"In the first year of this king s reign  Daniel had a vision of   beasts which signified the   empires of the world  He also saw God overcoming all earthly powers and the sovereignty of the Son of Man in all things  Da","YearBCAD":-555,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3449,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4159,"Dating":"3449b AM, 4159 JP, 555 BC"}
{"Index":914,"EventTxt":"When Balatorus  the petty king of Tyre died  Merbalus was sent from Babylon to replace him and reigned for   years   Phoenis  Annal","YearBCAD":-555,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3449,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4159,"Dating":"3449b AM, 4159 JP, 555 BC"}
{"Index":915,"EventTxt":"In the  rd year of Belshazzar  Daniel had a vision of a ram and a goat  foreshadowed the destruction of the Persian Empire by Alexander and the great misery which Antiochus would bring upon the people of God  Daniel was living at Susa in the province of Elam  upon the bank of the river Ulai  Da        This river surrounds the citadel of Susa and parts the provinces of Susa and Elimais  That is the Susachaeans from the Elamites  as the inhabitants of those two provinces are distinguished by Ezr     and as Pliny       c     From this we know that at this time the province of Susa was not in the hands of the Medes or Persians  It was controlled by the Babylonians  under whom Daniel then lived  as I noted before in   AM","YearBCAD":-553,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3451,"JulPer":4161,"Dating":"3451 AM, 4161 JP, 553 BC"}
{"Index":916,"EventTxt":"Berosus tells us  in his third book of his Chaldee History  quoted by Josephus        cont  Apion   that those walls about the river of the city of Babylon   which were started by Nebuchadnezzar  were fully lined with brick laid with a kind of slime  or liquid brimstone  For his mother Nicotris  an astute woman  saw the gathering storm about to break upon Babylon  She had turned the river Euphrates  which normally ran swiftly in a straight course  After drawing it through many winding channels  which she had cut for that purpose  she made it to run more slowly than it did formerly  Then she raised a huge dam on each side of the river  Upstream from the city she constructed a huge lake into which she diverted the river  Thus  she left the channel of the river dry  When this was done  she lined the banks of the river inside the city brick walls  She installed watergates in the walls around the city  She also built a stone bridge in the middle of the city  When this was done  she diverted the river from the lake to its original channel   Herod     I e            The magnificence of this stone bridge which joined the king s houses  that stood on each side of the river  is described by Philostratus  in the life of Apollonius   lib  I e     He said that it was built by a queen that came out of Media  Hence we gather that as Nebuchadnezzar married Amyitis  so likewise his son  Evilmerodach married this Nicotris from Media","YearBCAD":-553,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3451,"JulPer":4161,"Dating":"3451 AM, 4161 JP, 553 BC"}
{"Index":917,"EventTxt":"When Merbalus died  the king of Babylon sent Hirom  his brother in his place  He reigned in Tyre for   years   Phoenic  Annal","YearBCAD":-551,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3453,"JulPer":4163,"Dating":"3453 AM, 4163 JP, 551 BC"}
{"Index":918,"EventTxt":"Darius the son of Hystaspis  was born  He was almost   years old shortly before Cyrus died   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-549,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3455,"JulPer":4165,"Dating":"3455 AM, 4165 JP, 549 BC"}
{"Index":919,"EventTxt":"When Croesus was made general of the army of the Babylonians and others  he crossed over the river Halys which divided the lands of Media and Lydia  Using the skill of Thales the Median philosopher  he crossed the river without a bridge and came into Cappadocia  There he took the city of Pteria and all the surrounding cities  He utterly destroyed the Syrians who had done him no wrong  Herodotus in  lib     c      states that Cappadocians were called Syrians by the Greeks","YearBCAD":-548,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3456,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4166,"Dating":"3456c AM, 4166 JP, 548 BC"}
{"Index":920,"EventTxt":"After Cyrus had sent to the Ionians to see if they would join him or remain loyal to Croesus  he fought an indecisive battle with Croesus  The next day Croesus returned to Sardis because Cyrus did not attack him again  He intended not to fight that winter but wait for the next spring  to march against the Persians  In the meantime  he sent all his auxiliaries to their homes and sent ambassadors to those who were loyal to him  as were the Lacedemonians  He ordered them all to come to meet at Sardis in five months  When Croesus had disbanded his army  Cyrus attacked him with all his forces  When this surprise attack was made  Croesus  though greatly troubled  still went forth to fight with him with such of his Lydians as he had  He trusted mainly in his cavalry  Cyrus thwarted his design by placing his camels in front of his troops  knowing that horses cannot tolerate the smell of camels  Therefore all the horses of Croesus turned tail and carried their riders away with them  However  the Lydians left their horses and set themselves in battle array  Yet at last  after many were killed on each side they fled  The Persians followed up on this victory and attacked Sardis which they took in   days  Croesus was condemned to be burned  When he came to the place of execution  he cried out  O Solon  Solon  whose wise counsel  concerning the instability of human affairs he had formerly so much despised  When Cyrus heard this he not only spared his life but took him also into his privy counsel  Cyrus arranged the funerals of Abradatos the king of Susa  who defected from the king of Babylon to him and was slain in the battle   Also he arranged the funeral of Panthea his queen who killed herself when she saw her dead husband  He made a huge and magnificent monument for them   Herod     I e      with Xeno  instruc        The collections out of Diod  Sic  by Hen  Vales  p     Plut  in the life of Solon  Ployan  in his stratag        in Cyrus and Croesus and Solinus in Polyhist         Eusebus in his Chronicles states that Cyrus attacked Sardis  in the  th Olympiad that is in its  st year","YearBCAD":-548,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3456,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4166,"Dating":"3456d AM, 4166 JP, 548 BC"}
{"Index":921,"EventTxt":"When Croesus sent his shackles as a present to Delphi  he complained in vain that he had been misled by the Oracle   Herod     I e        When the men of Ionia and Eolia  wanted to submit to Cyrus under the same conditions that they had formerly lived by under Croesus  Cyrus declined  He granted those terms only to the Milesians  who feared what might happen to them and had previously made peace with him   Herod        c           The rest of the Greek city states were fortified  They sent Pithermon of Phocca  with other ambassadors to the Lacedemonians to seek help from them which they refused to do  Yet they sent their ambassador Lachrines to Cyrus to warn him not to touch any of the Greeks in Asia  He sent them word again  that he would shortly make them stop caring for the Ionians and the rest of the Greeks in Asia and attend to their own affairs at home   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-548,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3456,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4166,"Dating":"3456d AM, 4166 JP, 548 BC"}
{"Index":922,"EventTxt":"Thales the Milesian advised them to hold a counsel at Treos  which was a city in the centre of Ionia   Herod     I e      Cyrus remained at Sardis and built battering rams and other equipment purposing to raze the walls of all that stood against him  The Carions sent and asked his help to settle their civil war  He sent Adusius  a Persian with an army  The Cilicians and Cyprians willingly joined this force  Adusius put an end to their difference  however he left sufficient garrisons of his own in the cities of either party   Xenoph        Instit","YearBCAD":-547,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3457,"JulPer":4167,"Dating":"3457 AM, 4167 JP, 547 BC"}
{"Index":923,"EventTxt":"At the end of the first year of the  th Olympiad  Thales the Milesian philosopher died   as Laertius states from of Sosicrates   Anaximander  his countrymen first observed the loxodromy  or motions of the stars in the Zodiac  as Pliny  from other authors states   lib     c      However Plutarch in his  nd book  de Placitis Philosophorum  has more correctly told us that that point of astronomy was known to Thales the Milesian  Anaximander s teacher  He died at the age of  in the  nd year of this Olympiad according to Laertius in his Chronicle of Appolodorus the Athenian  Further from Phavorinus  Varia Historia  he tells of his scientific inventions  He was the first to invent the sun dial which he installed in Sparta  He also invented the horoscopes for the finding out the equinoxes and solstices for the dial to determine the hour of the day  The horoscope or instrument is used to observe the equinoxes and the tropics  or the summer and winter solstice is different from this  Pliny attributes the invention of the dial and clock to Anaximenes  his scholar  and fellowcitizen   lib     ca      vv This rule and reason of shadows  which was also called Gnomonical  or Dial work  was first discovered by Anaximenes  Anaximander s student  He was the first that set up a Sciathericum  which is a dial to show what is the time in Sparta   See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-547,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3457,"JulPer":4167,"Dating":"3457 AM, 4167 JP, 547 BC"}
{"Index":924,"EventTxt":"Anaximenes the son of Eurystratus succeeded Anaximander in his school at Meletus according to Clemens   Alexandri  in his  st book of his Aronsat   Following the advise of Thales  Pythagoras went into Egypt when both his teachers Anaximander and Anaximenes were dead  Polyerates of Samos sent with him a letter of commendation to Amasis king of Egypt according to Laertius in his life of Pythagoras  It seems this Amasis was surnamed by the Egyptians Somnesartcus  Pliny  in his  th book  c      shows that in his reign Pythagoras came into Egypt  He stayed there   years and conversed with the priests  From them he learned his knowledge in astronomy and geometry  He was initiated into all their rites and ceremonies  according to Jamblichus   in the life of Pythagoras  c           Therefore he was circumcised by them and after he was admitted into the secrets of their religion so that he might more freely partake of the mystical philosophy of the Egyptians  In attaining this  he was mainly indebted to Sonchedes  the chief prophet among them   Clem  Alexan        Strom   I think this Sonchedes was from Sais  He talked much with Solon according to Plutarch in his life  They taught Pythagoras about Metempsuchosis  or transmigration of souls out of one body into another  according to Diodr  Sic  He was quite familiar with their books and writings about history   Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-547,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3457,"JulPer":4167,"Dating":"3457 AM, 4167 JP, 547 BC"}
{"Index":925,"EventTxt":"Hystaspes and Adusius united forces and conquered all Phrygia bordering on the Hellespont  They captured their king and brought him prisoner to Cyrus   Xenoph  Instit","YearBCAD":-546,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3458,"JulPer":4168,"Dating":"3458 AM, 4168 JP, 546 BC"}
{"Index":926,"EventTxt":"Cyrus committed Sardis to the keeping of Tabulus a Persian  He committed the treasure of Croesus and the rest of the Lydians to Pactyas of Lydia  He returned towards Ecbatan and took Croesus along with him  He paid little attention to the affairs of Ionia  No sooner had Cyrus left Sardis  but Pactyas immediately persuaded the Lydians to revolt from Cyrus and his governor  Tabulus  Using the king s treasure he hired soldiers from other parts and drove Tabulus into the citadel and besieged him there  When Cyrus was told this on his way he took the advice of Croesus  He sent back Mazares a Median  with a part of his army  He defeated the Lydians and made them agreeable to the rule of Cyrus   Herod     I e       So the nation that was famous for hard work  power and chivalry  grew soft from luxury and lost their courage and virtue   Justin  from Tragus        ca","YearBCAD":-546,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3458,"JulPer":4168,"Dating":"3458 AM, 4168 JP, 546 BC"}
{"Index":927,"EventTxt":"Mazares demanded Pactyas from Cumaeans where he had sought refuge  The Cumaeans consulted the Oracle at Branchis who said that they should deliver him up  Aristodicus the son of Heraclides persuaded them not to give him up to be slain by the Persians  Since they did not want him to stay lest Cyrus come and destroy their city  they sent him away safely to Mitylene  When the Mitylenians were ready to surrender him  the Cumaeans sent a ship to Lesbos and there took him to Chios  There the Chii drew him by force from the temple of Minerva and delivered him to Mazares  The Lesbos were rewarded by having Atarneum a place in Mysia opposite Lesbos given to them   Herod        ca        Plutarch seeks to justify both the Mitylenians and the Chii in this matter in his book  of The malignity of Herodotus  using the more ancient historian  Caron of Lampsacus  He states the matter thus  vv Pactyas hearing of the approach of the Persian s army  fled first to Mitylene  and then to Chios and there Cyrus took him","YearBCAD":-545,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3459,"JulPer":4169,"Dating":"3459 AM, 4169 JP, 545 BC"}
{"Index":928,"EventTxt":"When Mazares had captured Pactyas  he marched against those who with Pactyas had attacked Tabulus  He conquered the inhabitants of Priene  partly ravaged the country lying on the Maeander River  He gave both it and the city of Magnesia for a reward to his soldiers   Herod        ca","YearBCAD":-545,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3459,"JulPer":4169,"Dating":"3459 AM, 4169 JP, 545 BC"}
{"Index":929,"EventTxt":"Harpagus  who was a chief general under Cyrus  went with his army against Ionia  He fought with them  as Eusebius in his Chron  upon the  nd year of the  th Olympiad notes  for Mazares was dying of a disease  Harpagus  whom some erroneously call Harpalus  was made general in the place of Mazares  When Harpagus came into Ionia  he immediately besieged whatever city he came to  He took Phocaea  the capital city of all Ionia   Herod        ca","YearBCAD":-543,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3461,"JulPer":4171,"Dating":"3461 AM, 4171 JP, 543 BC"}
{"Index":930,"EventTxt":"The Phoeneans abandoned the city when they saw they could not hold it  They escaped by ship with their wives and children to Chios  Seeking revenge for the loss of Phocaea  they killed all the garrison which Harpagus had left there to hold it  From there they sailed to the isles of Oenusae and then to the isle of Cyrnus or Corsica  Here    years before they had made a colony and built a city called Alatia  When they had stayed five years and made all the neighbouring countries weary of them by their robbing and plundering  the Italians and Carthaginians sent a navy of   ships  After several naval battles  the Phocaeans won but at the cost of many lives and lost   ships  They moved to Rhegium in Italy and there built the city Hyela  later called Velia in the territory of Oenotria   Herod     I e       Also Thucides  lib     of his history  confirms that the Phocaeans  which built Marseillus  defeated the Carthaginians at sea  One group built Velia and another Marseilles  in the time of Servins Tullus king of the Romans  This was more than   years after the coming of Aeneas into Italy as is testified by Hyginus who is quoted by A  Gellius   lib     Noct  Attica  c      Concerning this colony of the Marseillius  Isocrates mentions in his Archidamus  See note on   AM      When Harpagus besieged the city of the Teians  they abandoned the city and sailed into Thrace  There they built a city called Abdera  This city was begun earlier and unsuccessfully by Timesius  a man of Clazomenae  See note on   AM  The rest of the Ionians  all except the Milesians who had before hand made a league with Cyrus  were conquered one by one by Harpagus  He allowed them to stay in their own country  They paid what was imposed upon them   Herod     I e         When they were afflicted in this manner  they assembled in their old common council of Ionia  called Panionium  Bias of Priene  chief of all the wise men of Greece  counselled that they should build a common navy and sail to Sardinia  There they should make a common city for all Ionians to live in and be free from this slavery and live happily   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-543,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3461,"JulPer":4171,"Dating":"3461 AM, 4171 JP, 543 BC"}
{"Index":932,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus had subdued Asia Minor  he immediately made war on the Assyrians  He marched with his army against Labynitus or Nabonidus their king   Herod     I e         The news of this came to Babylon two full years before the city was besieged  Jer     When Cyrus was marching toward Babylon  he was delayed at the river Gnides which runs into the Tigris  For want of boats  he could not cross over it  While he stayed there  one of the white horses which were consecrated to the sun  went into the river and drowned in its swift current  Cyrus was furious about this event and stopped his march to Babylon  That summer he had the river divided into   channels  He intended to make it so that a woman may pass through it and not get her knees wet   Herod        c                 c","YearBCAD":-540,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3464,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4174,"Dating":"3464c AM, 4174 JP, 540 BC"}
{"Index":933,"EventTxt":"The next year Cyrus marched to Babylon  Here Cyrus defeated  Belshazzar  or Nabonidus  The Chaldeans retreated into the city and resolved to endure a siege  Herod     I e      Jer          which they took lightly for two reasons  First  they had more than   years of provisions in Babylon  Secondly  they thought there were many in Cyrus  army who favoured the Chaldeans more than the Persians   Herod  ib  Xenophon  Instru","YearBCAD":-539,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3465,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4175,"Dating":"3465b AM, 4175 JP, 539 BC"}
{"Index":934,"EventTxt":"Cyrus made a vast trench around the wall of the city  He cast up the earth towards his own army and made bulwarks along it  He placed guards on these and divided his whole army into  parts  He ordered that each part would in turn stand watch for a month   Xenophon  ib","YearBCAD":-539,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3465,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4175,"Dating":"3465b AM, 4175 JP, 539 BC"}
{"Index":935,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus had spent much time in this work with little to show for it  at last he made a ditch from the river to that vast lake which was   or   furlongs wide    to   miles wide   Belshazzar s mother  Nicotris  had dug this lake  Then he opened the mouths of this and that other ditch which he had newly built about the city and let the river flow into them  Hence he made the channel which was not more than two furlongs wide    mile  passable for his men   Herod        c        Xenophon Institut         Jer","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":936,"EventTxt":"Cyrus with his army went through the water gates in the wall and got into the city on a festival day while all the men were at banquets   Herod     I e        Xenophon Institut         Jer       So vast was that city that as the inhabitants reported  when the outskirts of it were surprised and taken by the enemy  they who dwelt in the heart of the city  never heard of it   Herod     I e     Jer     alludes to this when it says  vv that post upon post and messenger upon messenger shall run to tell the king of Babylon  that all the outskirts of the city were possessed by the enemies","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":937,"EventTxt":"When Belshazzar and all his nobles were feasting  he ordered his servants to bring all the vessels of the house of the Lord  which Nebuchadnezzar his father  or grandfather  for he was his son s son Jer      had brought away from Jerusalem  As they glorified his idols and reproached the true God  God sent a hand to write on the wall of the room  where Belshazzar sat drinking  It wrote the number of years which the Babylonian Empire was to last and that it had been now weighed in the balance and was found wanting  Therefore it was to be transferred to the Medes  It also declared what was to happen to Belshazzar  When his wizards of Chaldea  could not read the writing  his queen advised him to send for Daniel  When he came  he read the writing and interpreted it for him  For his efforts  he was publicly proclaimed the third man in the kingdom    Since the king s wives are said to have been present at the banquet  Da       and the queen to have come in afterward  Da      this is to be understood of the queen mother  Nicotris  She was the mother of this last king of Babylon  as we have already shown out of Herodotus","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 5:1-31","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":938,"EventTxt":"In the same night of this banquet  Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans was slain Da     by the soldiers of Gobryas and Gadneas   Xen        Instr   So the Babylonian kingdom came to an end  as had been predicted                                       and the empire transferred to the Medes and Persians  Da","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Isa 13:1-14\", \"Hab 2:1-20\", \"Jer 25:1-38\")","BibBk1":"Isa","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":939,"EventTxt":"Darius the Mede  son of Assuccus or Cyaxares  the son of Astyages  took over the kingdom as given to him by Cyrus the conqueror  Da         Cyrus had set apart the king s house and all his palaces in Babylon so that if he should come to Babylon  he would have a palace of his own to stay in   Xenophon  Instit         The angel  in this first year of his reign  is said to have confirmed and strengthened him in his kingdom  Da     After this he is said to have reigned for   years","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":940,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus had set all things in order at Babylon  he returned through Media into Persia  to his father Cambyses and Mandana his mother who were yet living  From there he returned again into Media and married the only daughter and heir of Cyaxares  For a dowry he had the whole kingdom of Media given to him  After the marriage  he left for Babylon taking her with him  At Babylon he sent governors into all his dominions  Megabyxos went into Arabia  Artacaman went into Phtygia the Greater  Chrysantas went into Lydia and Ionia  Adusius went into Carin  Pharmichas went into Phrygia Hellespontiaca  or the Less  In Cilicia and Cyprus and Paphlagonia he sent no Persian governors because they submitted to him and of their own accord helped him against the king of Babylon  However  he made them pay tribute   Xen  Instis","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":941,"EventTxt":"All the countries which Cyrus subdued as general of the forces of Media  he added to the dominions of Cyaxares   Xen         Therefore it is most likely that at the former meeting in council  he made that distribution of the governments by Cyaxares  advise  Xenophon  lib      states about Cyrus  vv It seemed good unto him  to set governors over all the nations which he had subdued","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":942,"EventTxt":"Daniel  who  as it seems went at this time with Cyrus from Babylon to Media  said of Cyaxares  vv It seems good to Darius  to set over the kingdoms    governors  that they should be over all the kingdoms  Da","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":943,"EventTxt":"Over all the governors he made three overseers  the principal one was Daniel  As a result the rest were envious of him and had the king make a decree that  vv for   days time  no petition should be made to any god or man  but to himself only","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":944,"EventTxt":"When Daniel had broken this decree by praying to God  he was cast into the lion s den  He was delivered from the den with no harm done to him  Then Darius cast those plotters against Daniel into the same lion s den and published that famous decree through all his dominions  that every man should reverence and fear Daniel s God","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 6:1-28","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3466,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3466b AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":945,"EventTxt":"From the year of the Babylonian captivity of the Jews that started when Jehoiakim was defeated in the first year of Nebuchadnezzar  until the end of the first year of the reign of Darius the Mede  was almost   years  According to Jer     the captivity was almost over  vv Thus saith the Lord  when the   years shall begin to be finished with Babylon  then will I visit you and perform my good word unto you and will bring you again to this place and when you shall call upon me to depart from thence and when you shall pray unto me  then will I hear you","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3467,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3467a AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":946,"EventTxt":"Knowing the time of the captivity was almost up  Daniel prayed fervently for the remission of his own sins and of his people s and for the release from captivity  The angel Gabriel brought him an answer not only for this but also concerning the spiritual deliverance of the church to be effected at last by the death of the Messiah  He gave that famous prophecy of the   weeks","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 9:12-27","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3467,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3467a AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":947,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus had spent one whole year with his wife in Babylon  he assembled his whole army  It is said to have     calvary      iron chariots  and     foot soldiers  When he outfitted his troops he undertook that campaign whereby he is said to have subdued all nations from Syria to the Red Sea   Xenophon  Instit","YearBCAD":-538,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3467,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4176,"Dating":"3467a AM, 4176 JP, 538 BC"}
{"Index":948,"EventTxt":"After Cyrus  father Cambyses died in Persia  Cyaxares in Media held all the empire of the east  From this year  both Xenophon      Inst   reckons the   years of his reign  but the Holy Scripture from the records of the Medes and Persians  reckons this the first year  It states that in this year came that famous edict of his  Thus said Cyrus king of Persia  vv Into my hand hath God given all the kingdoms of the earth","YearBCAD":-537,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3468,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4177,"Dating":"3468a AM, 4177 JP, 537 BC"}
{"Index":949,"EventTxt":"In this year  the   years of the Babylonian captivity ended as foretold by Jeremiah and according to the prophecy of Isaiah who mentioned Cyrus by name  Isa           He gave permission to all the Jews dwelling anywhere in his empire to return into their own country  Those who returned he ordered to rebuild the temple of God  They could build it as large as they wished  Hag     They could use the resources from the king s treasury  Cyrus restored all the vessels of the house of God which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from there   Ch       Ezr","YearBCAD":-537,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3468,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4177,"Dating":"3468a AM, 4177 JP, 537 BC"}
{"Index":950,"EventTxt":"Cyrus made Sheshbazzar the captain of the Jews who returned to Jerusalem  According to Cyrus  orders  Sheshbazzar received from Methridates the treasurer all the vessels belonging to the temple  These were to be returned to Jerusalem  Ezr             Sheshbazzar was his Chaldean name but his Hebrew name was Zerubbabel  Ezr","YearBCAD":-537,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3468,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4177,"Dating":"3468a AM, 4177 JP, 537 BC"}
{"Index":951,"EventTxt":"The Jews prepared to return to their country  The poor were given an allowance to help with the costs  Ezr       There were     of the children of the province or poor people of the Hebrews born in Chaldea who returned  Their captain was Zerubbabel  the son of Shealtiel or Salathiel and their high priest  Jehu  or Jeshua  the son of Jozadak  In addition there were     proselytes  man servants and maid servants who also returned  Ezr     Ne           However the total sum given in Ezra is only      In Nehemiah  the sum is      Neither of these tally to     but at the end of each list the total of     was said to be the number of the whole congregation  Ezr     Ne     To tally to     the Hebrews in their great Chronicle  cap     tell us that we must include in this number  those of the other tribes of Israel  who came up out of the captivity with the Jews  For even at the end of the Jewish state  there was a remnant of the other ten tribes  Ac     not only of the dispersion  Jas     and at Jerusalem   Ch     Lu     and other cities of Judah  Ch           but also of those who still lived on their lands  Shalmaneser did not take everyone away from the tribes   see note on   AM concerning the history of Josiah  but he left a remnant of them  in their own country  who were later  together with the Jews and Benjamites and Levites  carried away by Nebuchadnezzar to Babylon and were now set at liberty and sent back again by Cyrus  After this first year of Cyrus  all the Israelites  are said to have dwelt in their own cities  Ezr     In the  th year of Darius  they are said to have been present at the dedication of the Temple and to have offered there   he goats for the sin of all Israel  Ezr       When Christ preached the gospel in Galilee  Mt     he fulfilled the prophesy of Isaiah that the people of Zabulon and Naphtali would see a great light  Isa        The chief men of their father s families came to Jerusalem and offered according to their ability toward the rebuilding of the temple      drachmas of gold      pounds of silver and   priests robes  Both the priests and Levites and the rest of the people  lived in their own cities","YearBCAD":-536,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 2:68-70","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3468,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4178,"Dating":"3468c AM, 4178 JP, 536 BC"}
{"Index":952,"EventTxt":"On the first day of the seventh month in the feast of trumpets  the Israelites all came from their cities to Jerusalem and there built the altar  Every morning and every evening they offered the daily sacrifice to God and on the  th day of the same month  they kept the feast of tabernacles  In addition  they provided materials and workmen for the building of the temple  as Cyrus had given them permission to do","YearBCAD":-536,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 3:1-7","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3469,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4178,"Dating":"3469a AM, 4178 JP, 536 BC"}
{"Index":953,"EventTxt":"In the second year  the second month  Jair  after their return from Babylon  they appointed Levites to oversee the work of the house of God  When they laid the foundation of the temple  the old men cried who   years earlier had seen the old temple standing  The young men greatly rejoiced to see the new temple going up","YearBCAD":-535,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 3:8-13","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3469,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4179,"Dating":"3469c AM, 4179 JP, 535 BC"}
{"Index":954,"EventTxt":"The Cuthaeans  the old enemies of the Jews  who had previously been settled in Samaria by Esarhaddon  cunningly offered to join them in building the temple  When the Jews refused their help  they hindered the Jews all they could in the work and discouraged the people from completing the task","YearBCAD":-535,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 4:1-4","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3469,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4179,"Dating":"3469c AM, 4179 JP, 535 BC"}
{"Index":955,"EventTxt":"This was the first sabbatical year kept by the Jews  after their return from the captivity of Babylon","YearBCAD":-535,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3470,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4179,"Dating":"3470a AM, 4179 JP, 535 BC"}
{"Index":956,"EventTxt":"The Samaritans by bribing certain courtiers of Cyrus  disrupted the Jews in their work of building the temple  Ezr     From this was the reason for the   weeks of mourning by the prophet Daniel  He continued his fast which was begun about the  rd day of the  st month in the  rd year of Cyrus through all the time of the feast of Passover  Da        After this on the  th day of the  st month  while he stood upon the bank of Hiddekel  or the River Tigris  he had the vision of the kings of Persia  of Alexander the great and his successors and their kingdoms  This is recorded in      and was the last vision that he had shortly before his death","YearBCAD":-535,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 10:1-12","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3470,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4179,"Dating":"3470a AM, 4179 JP, 535 BC"}
{"Index":957,"EventTxt":"Amasis  as it seems  defected from Cyrus  The people of Egypt who were carried away formerly by Nebuchadnezzar  after   years in exile they were now sent back again by Cyrus into their own country  They returned to their old kingdom toward the end of the life of Amasis  Egypt was again a kingdom  very old and ancient indeed  but the basest of all others and of no longer much use to any other country     Jer     Xenophon      Instit  Cyr   and also in the prologue to his whole work  states that Cyrus had Egypt in his possession  All authors agree that it was later subdued by his son Cambyses  Hence  we gather  that in the intermediate time  they enjoyed their freedom","YearBCAD":-531,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 29:11-16","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3473,"JulPer":4183,"Dating":"3473 AM, 4183 JP, 531 BC"}
{"Index":958,"EventTxt":"It may be that when Amasis revolted from Cyrus  that when Hirom had been king of Tyrus for a full   years   who was the last king mentioned by Josephus  in his catalogue of them  he was overthrown  In his place  they had governors set over them by other nations instead of being governed by men of their own country  For the very Punic names of those kings  show that they were all of the same country as Tyre  This situation was like the Egyptians who had been ruled by Amasis","YearBCAD":-531,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3473,"JulPer":4183,"Dating":"3473 AM, 4183 JP, 531 BC"}
{"Index":959,"EventTxt":"Cyrus died at the age of   years  He was first made general of the Median and Persian armies a full   years earlier  He took Babylon   years before his death and reigned for   years and a month or so","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":960,"EventTxt":"Authors differ as to how he died  Herodotus  lib     c      Justin from Trogus  lib     c     and Valer  Max   lib     c      say that he was slain in a fight against the Maslagetae or Scythians  He was decapitated by Tomyris their Queen and she threw him into a tub full of blood  She told him to satiate himself with blood with which he had so much thirsted after in his lifetime  Diod  Sic   lib      states that when she had taken him prisoner  she crucified him  Ctesias  lib       states that in a battle against the Derbicans  the nation bordering on Hyrcania  after he was wounded in the thigh by a certain Indian  he slew Amorraeus their king and his two sons  Three days later  he died  Johannes Malela of Antioch  from a forged book  attributed to Pythagoras of Samos  states that he was slain in a sea battle against the Samiaens  Xeno   instit         reports that he died a natural death in his own country of Persia  He ordered his sons that they should wrap his body neither in gold nor silver  but in plain cloth  and bury him in an out of the way place  They were to call all his friends  Persians and others to his grave and having there presented them with whatever was fit to be given them at the funeral of a fortunate man  they should be dismissed  His tomb was made at Pasarges  This is stated by those who wrote the nobel acts of Alexander the Great  as Curtius  Plutarch  Arrian  According to Strabo  lib    of his Geography   Aristobulus was sent by Alexander to see the tomb  He recites also this inscription found on his tomb  vv O man  I am Cyrus  who founded the Persian monarchy and was king of   and therefore envy me not that I have a monument","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":961,"EventTxt":"Strabo  from Onesicritus cites a Greek epitaph written for him   if any man will believe it   in Persian letters  It was  vv Here Cyras I do lie  who king of kings was high","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":962,"EventTxt":"It is of the same character with that one cited by Lucian  from the same Onesicritus in his discourse De Longavis  of long lived men  that Cyras missing at last those friends of his which his son Cambyse had taken away  he died for grief at the age of","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":963,"EventTxt":"Cyras left his kingdom to his eldest son Cambyses and to his younger son  Tanaoxaras  or Tanyoxareas  whom Herodotus calls Smerdis  Justin from Tragus calls him Mergis  Ctesias states he left the seigneuries or commanders  of Bactria  Choromnea  Parthia and Caramania  However  Xenophon   Instit         states it was of the Medes  Armenians and Cadusians","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":964,"EventTxt":"In the start of the kingdom of Ahasuerus  for by that name is Cambyses known in the language of the Scriptures  the Samaritans  who had before fought secretly to undermine the Israelites  now openly sent a letter to the king against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem  Ezr     They knew very well  what difference there was between the father and the son s nature and disposition  Cyrus was naturally kind and loving to those who were under him and the other furious by nature and sudden in his resolutions  This is noted of him in Diod  Sic  in his Excerptu  published by Henr  Valesius   p        with Herodotus        c","YearBCAD":-529,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3475,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4185,"Dating":"3475b AM, 4185 JP, 529 BC"}
{"Index":965,"EventTxt":"This was the  nd Sabbatical year held by the Jews after their return from Babylon","YearBCAD":-528,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3477,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4186,"Dating":"3477a AM, 4186 JP, 528 BC"}
{"Index":966,"EventTxt":"As Cambapheus an eunuch controlled the king of Egypt  likewise his first cousin  Isabat an Eunuch controlled Cambyses king of Persia  Cambapheus betrayed the bridges  passages and other things to the Persians when they promised him the government of Egypt for his trouble   Ctes  Persicor","YearBCAD":-526,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3478,"JulPer":4188,"Dating":"3478 AM, 4188 JP, 526 BC"}
{"Index":967,"EventTxt":"Following up on this information  Cambyses gathered an army and a navy  His army consisted of various other nations in his empire and of Greeks from Ionia and Eolia in Asia  His naval forces came mainly from the Sidonians and Cyprians  Polycrates  the king or tyrant of Samos  furnished him with   warships and he used as sailors all such as he suspected for enemies at home  He hoped they would die in Cambyses  service and never return home to bother him again   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-526,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3478,"JulPer":4188,"Dating":"3478 AM, 4188 JP, 526 BC"}
{"Index":968,"EventTxt":"Phanes of Halicarnaslus was a chief man among the aides of Egypt and well versed in their affairs  He hated Amasis and when he saw that Cambyses was preparing to fight against Egypt  he defected to him  He told Cambyses many secrets of the land of Egypt  When Cambyses was greatly perplexed as to how to cross the desert without proper water supplies  he advised him to send to the king of Arabia  to obtain permission to pass through his country for  Herod  lib    c        without his consent  no one could get to Egypt   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-526,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3478,"JulPer":4188,"Dating":"3478 AM, 4188 JP, 526 BC"}
{"Index":969,"EventTxt":"The king of Arabia made a league with Cambyses through the messengers that were sent to him  He sent all his camels laden with leather bags full of water to the places where Cambyses with his army was to pass   Herod  lib    c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":970,"EventTxt":"When Cambyses came with his army into Egypt  he found Amasis had died recently after he had reigned   years   Herod  lib    c           Diod  Sic         Biblioth   states that he died when Cambyses began his war in Egypt in the later end of the  rd year of the  rd Olympiad  His son Psammenitus   whom Ctesias calls Amyrteus  reigned   months   Herod        c      In this time it rained at Thebes  in the upper Egypt  This is taken for a good luck    Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":971,"EventTxt":"When the Persians passed those sandy dry deserts of Arabia  they came to the edge of Egypt   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":972,"EventTxt":"When Cambyses came to besiege Pelusium  he placed cats and dogs and sheep  and birds called Ibides and all kinds of living creatures  which the Egyptians worship for gods  in front of his army  The Egyptians did not shoot at the enemy lest they hurt their own gods  Hence Cambyses took Pelusium  got an toe hold on Egypt   Polyenus in the  th book of Stratag","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":973,"EventTxt":"The Greeks and Carians mercenaries who came to help the Egyptians hated Phanes who was instrumental in bringing this foreign army to Egypt  They slew his sons before his eyes and after drinking their blood started fighting with him   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":974,"EventTxt":"After a sharp encounter  many were slain on both sides and the Egyptians were routed   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":975,"EventTxt":"Cambyses sent a Persian herald up the river in a ship of Mitylene to Memphis  where the Egyptians had fled in great disorder and confusion","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":976,"EventTxt":"The herald exhorted them to surrender but the men of the city sallied out against the ship  captured and destroyed it  They tore everyone on board limb from limb  They retired into the city and later endured the siege for a short time   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":977,"EventTxt":"Arcesilaus  son of Battus the lame and of Pheretima his wife  surrendered Cyrene to Cambyses and agreed to pay him tribute   Herod        c      The inhabitants of Cyrene  the Barcei and the Libyans who bordered on Egypt were terrified with his success against their Egyptian neighbours  They submitted to him and sent their presents to Cambyses  Cambyses took what came from the Libyans graciously  The Cyrenians were so small and sent him only   minae of silver  He took it and threw it among the soldiers   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":978,"EventTxt":"Ten days after Cambyses had taken Memphis  he tried to humiliate Psammenites  He had imprisoned him with other Egyptians in the suburbs of the city  In contempt of Psammenites  he sent his daughter with other maidens of the Egyptian nobility with pitchers to fetch him water from the river  He sent the young son of Psammenties with     more of the same age and all principal noble men s sons with ropes about their necks and bridles in their mouths to be shamefully put to death  He did this in revenge of those men of Memphis who destroyed the ship and murdered the Mitylenians he had sent to them  He ordered that for every Mitylenian who was killed  ten of the chief of the Egyptians should be put to death  The first to die was the son of Psammenites  Cambyses would have spared him but acted too late to do so  However  Psammenites lived peacefully later with Cambyses  At last when Psammenites was convicted of stirring up the people to a new rebellion  he drank bull s blood and died   Herod        c        Cresias states however that he was sent away prisoner to live in Susa","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":979,"EventTxt":"Cambyses marched from Memphis and came with his army to the city Sais  When he came to the palace of Amasis  against whom he undertook this war  he had his body to be hauled from its vault and to be brought before him  He had its carcase whipped with scourges and all kind of reproach and contumely done to it  Then he had it consumed with fire   Herod        c      and Diod  Sic  in his Exce  published by Hen  Valesius  p","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":980,"EventTxt":"Cambyses conquered Egypt  in the  th year of his reign  He ruled there for   years   Jul  African  and Euseb  in Chronic  Grec  p      He killed     Egyptians in battle and sent away     as prisoners to Susa   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":981,"EventTxt":"Jamblicus reports that Pythagoras was among the rest taken to Babylon where he conversed with their wisemen   Jambli  in his Life  Another writer of his life  namely Malchus  or Paphyrius  says  that at Babylon  he not only conversed with the other Chaldeans  but applied himself also to Zabratus who purified and cleansed him from the sins of his former life  This Zabratus is thought by some  to have been that Nazaratus of Assyria  whom Alexander   Polyhistor I think  in his book of Pythagorical Opinions  infers that he was the teacher of Pythagoras  Some others mistaking the matter  judge him to have been the prophet Ezekiel  as Clement of Alexandra         Strom   states  All this shows is that he did converse with the wise men of the Jews in Babylon  He later made use of many of their opinions in the writing of his Philosophy  These writers are of that opinion  Hermippus  in his first book of Pythagoras  quoted by Josephus        cont  Apion   and in his first book  of Law Makers  cited by Origen         cont  Celsum   Aristobulus the Jew  a Peripatetic Phylosopher  in his first book to Phylometor  Clemens of  Alex        Strom    Eusebius        Prepar  Evangel   believes that the books of Moses were translated into Greek  before the Persian empire began  However it is far more likely that he got that part of his learning by talking with the Jews in Babylon  Pythagoras was familiar with Jewish writings according to Pyrphier in his Life  from Diogenes  of the incredible relation made of Thule","YearBCAD":-525,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3479,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4189,"Dating":"3479b AM, 4189 JP, 525 BC"}
{"Index":982,"EventTxt":"Cambyses wanted to prepare a navy to go against the Carthaginians but gave it up  The Sidonians  upon whom he relied for naval service  refused to go against their own colony and kindred  Meanwhile  he sent for some of the Itchthyophgaies  from the city Elephantina  These were well versed in the Ethiopian language  He sent them as spies to the Ethiopians called Macrogis  These are generally a very long lived people and live in the parts of Africa south of Egypt  bordering the India Ocean and Red Sea  The spies went under the pretense of bearing gifts for their king and wishing to see The Table of the Sun  The king of Ethiopia in the presence of them  took his bow  and bent it and then unbent it again  He gave it them to carry to Cambyses  and asked them tell him that when his Persians should be able to easily bend such bows as those he should  then and not before  gather a huge army and fight with the long lived Ethiopians   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":983,"EventTxt":"Cambyses  full brother  Smerdis  or Tanyoxarces tried to bend this bow and came within two fingers breadth of the notch  None of the other Persians came that close  Out of envy Cambyses dismissed him and sent him to Persia   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":984,"EventTxt":"In a rage  Cambyses ordered an expedition against Ethiopia without any provisions made for grain or food  Like a mad man  as soon as he had heard what his Ichthyophagites had said  he immediately marched away with all his own foot soldiers and ordered the Greeks to stay behind   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":985,"EventTxt":"When he came as far as Thebez in Egypt  he culled out about     of his army and sent them first to rob the land  then to burn the Temple of Jupiter Ammon and to make slaves of all the inhabitants of the place  He marched on towards Ethiopia   Id  ib  Diodor  Sic  in his Excerpta  published by Hen  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":986,"EventTxt":"On that journey Cambyses subdued the Ethiopians who bordered on the lower parts of Egypt and lived in the city of Nisa  They kept the holy days to Bacchus   Herod        c      To Saba the chief house or palace of the king of the Ethiopians and the island where it stood  he called Meroes in memory of Meroe  who was his wife and his sister   Strabo        of his Geogr  Josephus        Antiq  c      She had accompanied him into Egypt and died there  No other king of Persia before him had married their sister  Shortly after this  he married his older sister Atossa   Herod        c      After his death  she married Magus and after him  she married Darius Hystasphis   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":987,"EventTxt":"The army which went from Thebez against the Ammonians  travelled seven days over the sands and came to the city  Oasis   This city was inhabited by those Samians  which were of the Eserionian tribe   From there they came to a country called the isle of the happy ones","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":988,"EventTxt":"As they marched from there over the sandy plains and midway between Oasis  and Ammonia  it is said  that there arose a mighty strong wind out of the South while they were eating  It brought those shifting sands upon them and overwhelmed them all   Herod        c     Just     I e      Plutarch in the Life of Alexander  says  that there were     men lost in that land being buried by the sand storm","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":989,"EventTxt":"The army which with him against the Ethiopians  ran out of provisions after five days  When they had lost hope of any food  they cast lots and started to eat one another  When Cambyses saw this  he returned to Thebez  having lost much of his army   Herod        c     Seneca        c      Lucan in his Of His Natural Questions  says  And mad Cambyses  marching toward the east  Came to the long liv d Ethiopians  And wanting food  his own men up did  And yet the head of Nile never found","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":990,"EventTxt":"Cambyses returned to Memphis discharged his Greeks and shipped them home   Herod        c      He saw the Egyptians keeping an holy day because their god Apis had appeared to them  He thought they had done it for joy of his disastrous journey  He sent for Apis and killed it with his sword  He commanded all his priests to be scourged with whips and the rest of the Egyptians who were found keeping the holy day  were to be slain by his soldiers  Apis was wounded by him and died in the temple  The priests took the body of the beast and secretly buried it   Herod        c        Apis was a sacred bull worshipped in the temple of Ptah in Memphis","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":991,"EventTxt":"The Egyptians say that Cambyses who was mentally unstable  now went stark mad  This first manifested itself when he killed his own brother  After he sent him to Persia   as was said before  Cambyses dreamed that a messenger came to him from there who told him that Smerdis  his brother was sitting on the regal throne and touched the heavens with his head  He was astonished by this dream and immediately sent Prexaspes  his most trusted friend  to kill his brother Smerdis  When he came to Susa he had him murdered  Some say he took him on a hunting match  others report that he lured him along as far as the Red Sea and drowned him in it   Herod  c     c         Justin based on Tragus         c      states that this charge was committed to Cometes  one of the Magi and that he did not murder Smerdes or Merges until after Cambyses was dead  Ctesias  disagrees with Herodotus  He says that Spendahates  one of the Magi  was scourged by Tanyaxares  that is  by this Smerdis  commander  He accused him to Cambyses of seeking to make himself king  By the advise of Spendahates  he was sent for from Bactria to Egypt  He was forced to drink bull s blood and died from it  Spendahates was sent back into Bactria  Because he looked like Tanyoxarces or Smerdis he ruled there in his place","YearBCAD":-524,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3480,"JulPer":4190,"Dating":"3480 AM, 4190 JP, 524 BC"}
{"Index":992,"EventTxt":"After Harpagus  Oroetes  a Persian  was made governor of Sardis and of all the provinces of Lydia  Ionia and Phrygia by Cyrus  He is said to have sent a messenger to Polycrates of Samos to ask him about a certain matter  When the messenger came  Polycrates was lying on his bed in his chamber with Anacreon the Teian sitting by him  He was that excellent lyrical poet of Ionia and who  as Clem  Alexand  says  was the first inventor of love songs  Polycrates totally ignored the messenger  Oroetes resolved revenge for this insult  He sent Myrtus  a Lydian the son of Gyges  with another message to Polycrates that for fear of Cambyses  he would defect to him with all his treasure  Polycrates heeded the message and quickly went to Oroetes in person with Democedes  a noted physician of Crotona in Italy  When he came as far as Magnesia  Oroetes took him and crucified him  He let the Samians who came with him go free  The rest of them including Democedes were made his slaves   Herod        c        Valer  Max    lib     c  ult   relates that he was crucified by Orontes  for so he calls him  with Tully        de Finibius  who was governor under king Darius on the top of the mount Mycale  That is in that foreland of Ionia  which looks toward Samos  Darius at that time was one of the bodyguards to Cambyses and held no high office in the Persian empire  Herodotus states  Herod        c         that in Cambyses  expedition into Egypt  Syloson the brother of Polycrates  presented him with a most rich robe publicly at Memphis  Hence the saying  Syloson s robe  He also says  that Polycrates came to a foul end  This happened when Cambyses was in Egypt   Herod        c      and Pliny assents also  Pliny       c      where he says that this happened in the  th year after the building of Rome  which according to Varro was on the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-523,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3481,"JulPer":4191,"Dating":"3481 AM, 4191 JP, 523 BC"}
{"Index":993,"EventTxt":"When Cambyses saw his wife Meroe grieving for her brother Smerdis  he killed her too   Herod       c","YearBCAD":-523,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3481,"JulPer":4191,"Dating":"3481 AM, 4191 JP, 523 BC"}
{"Index":994,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Cambyses  the  th year of Nabonasser s calendar  upon the  th day of the Egyptian month Phamenoth   July  th   one hour before midnight  the moon was eclipsed at Babylon   Ptol  in his  Mag  Syntax        c","YearBCAD":-523,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3481,"JulPer":4191,"Dating":"3481 AM, 4191 JP, 523 BC"}
{"Index":995,"EventTxt":"Cambyses shot Prexaspes  son  who was his cup bearer with an arrow  The next day he had  principal men of the Persians who had done him no harm  buried alive with their heads downward  He ordered that Croesus  who had been for some time king of Lydia to be executed because had in a fair and friendly manner admonished him not to do such things  He changed his mind before the execution but killed those whom he appointed to kill Croesus  Many similar mad pranks he played on Persians and his friends while he stayed at Memphis  He opened many of their sepulchres to see the bodies of those who lay buried there  He went into the temple of Vulcan where he laughed exceedingly and mocked his image  Another time he went into the temple of the Cabirie  where only the priests were to go  After jeering their images  he had them all burned   Herod        from c        The rest of their temples  he either burnt down  pulled down  defaced  or destroyed  He did the same to their obelisks   Strabo","YearBCAD":-523,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3481,"JulPer":4191,"Dating":"3481 AM, 4191 JP, 523 BC"}
{"Index":996,"EventTxt":"Patizithes one of the magi  who Cambyses had left to oversee his private estate at home  found out about the death of Smerdis  This was a closely guarded secret known only to a few Persians  He set on the throne his own brother  who was also called Smerdis and very similar in features to the dead man  He immediately sent messengers to all parts of the empire and to the rest of the army in Egypt  that from now on they should obey only Smerdes the son of Cyrus and not Cambyses   Herod        c      Justin  Trogus     I e      states that Cometes one of the magi who killed Merges or Smerdes   to whom the kingdom rightfully belonged after Cambyses  set up his own brother Oropastes who also closely resembled Smerdes  However  Ctesias writes  that Bagabates the eunuch and Artasyras an Hyrcanian  who were with Cambyses in Egypt and of great authority under him took counsel while Cambyses was still living  They planned to set up as king Spendadates  one of the magi who also looked very much like Smerdes  when Cambyses died","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":997,"EventTxt":"Cambyses sent to the Oracle of Butis  It answered that he should die at Ecbatane  Cambyses took this to be the Ecbatane in Media where all his treasure was","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":998,"EventTxt":"As he stayed at Ecbatane in Syria  a messenger brought him word what the commandment of Patizithes was  When he heard of the conspiracy against him  he leaped on his horse  intending to march quickly with his army to Susa against the conspirators  As he was leaping  his sword fell out of its scabbard and ran into his thigh  On the  th day after the accident  he sent for the nobles of Persia to come to him  He told them of the death of his brother and the treason of the magi against himself  He charged them that by no means were to allow the kingdom to return to the Medes for Magus was a Median   Herod        c         Soon after this  his wound festered and he died when he had reigned only   years and   months   Herod        c        Josephus tells us that on his return from Egypt  he died at Damascus   Antiq        c      thus putting Damascus for Ecbatane in Syria as Herodotus had  Ctesias states that he came as far as Babylon and that there he was wounded and died  He wrote of his death and the signs leading up to it  vv When Cambyses was offering sacrifices  the beasts throats were cut and no blood came out  He was much amazed  Roxane bore to him a boy without a head and that amazed him more  The Magi told him that this portended that he should leave no successor of his own  His mother also appeared to him in a dream and seemed to threaten him with destruction  for his brother s death  This troubled him yet more than all the other signs  When he came to Babylon  he sat there whittling a little stick with a knife to pass the time  By chance he hurt a muscle in his thigh and died     days later   Ctesias   When he left Egypt  he left Aryander to govern it in his place","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":999,"EventTxt":"After Cambyses died  the Persians did not know that they had Magus for their king  They thought Cambyses  brother had indeed succeeded him in the kingdom  Perxaspes vouched for this and said that he never killed him nor was it in truth safe for him now to confess that he had killed a son of Cyrus   Herod        c      The ruse was easy to conceal for among the Persians it was proper that the king be rarely seen in public   Justin     I e      So it came to pass  that this Magus or Smerdes  who impersonated Smerdes the son Cyrus  peacefully held the kingdom for   whole months  thus making up the  th year of Cambyses  reign  During that time he spared no cost  to show all kinds of bounty and good will toward the subjects in all the empire  After he died Asia and all other nations except the Persians  mourned for him  He sent couriers throughout the empire and proclaimed three year s freedom from paying taxes and military service  He did this as soon as he took the title of king   Herod        c      He also took Atossa the daughter of Cyrus and all the rest of the wives of Cambyses   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":1000,"EventTxt":"Ammianus Marcellinus          out of ancient books reports that after Cambyses  death    Magi took over the management of the kingdom of Persia  Valer  Max  in his   th book  c       agrees with this also  Of them two were chief  named by Herodotus         c         Patizithes  whom Tragus calls Cometes and his brother  He was king in name only by impersonating the son of Cyrus  He was called by Herodotus  Smerdis  by Eschylus  Mardus  by Ctesias  Spendahates  by Trous  Oropastes and in the scripture  Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":1001,"EventTxt":"The Samaritans sent letters to this Artaxerxes asking him to forbid the further building of Jerusalem  They said it was a rebellious and wicked place and if it was rebuilt  it would never pay tribute to the kings of Persia","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Eze 4:7-16","BibBk1":"Eze","AnnoMund":3482,"JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3482 AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":1002,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes sent a letter forbidding the rebuilding of Jerusalem until he should so order  The Samaritans encouraged by this reply  came swiftly to Jerusalem and forced the Jews to stop building both the city and the temple  although Cyrus expressly ordered them to finish the temple  They stopped all work until the  nd year of the reign of Darius  Eze","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3483a AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":1003,"EventTxt":"While Artaxerxes held the kingdom  Oroetes the Persian  ruled at Sardis  He reproached Mitrobates  governor of Dascylium  in the continent of Asia for not having taken the Isle of Samos and annexing it to his government  In the lifetime of Polycrates  he took Mitrobates and his son Cranapes  both men of good esteem among the Persians and slew them  He committed other outrages also  He murdered a messenger sent from Darius because he told him something displeasing   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-522,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4192,"Dating":"3483a AM, 4192 JP, 522 BC"}
{"Index":1004,"EventTxt":"Ctesias tells us that Isabates the eunuch  who had the charge of carrying the body of Cambyses into Persia told the plot of the Magi to the army  When he was pursued by them  he fled for safety into a temple  There they decapitated him  However  Herodotus says  that   months after Cambyses  death  the matter was brought first to light by the cunning of Otanes the son of Pharnaspes and later more fully explained by Prexaspes  When Prexaspes was in a certain tower  he called the people to him and from there declared to them that Cambyses ordered him to murder his brother Smerdes  the son of Cyrus and that they were being ruled by the Magi  When he had said this  he threw himself down headlong among them   Herod        c         Justin from Herodotus and Trogus Pompeius  records Otanes discovery and the distraction of the Magi as follows  vv Ostanes  who is that Otanes  sent a messenger to his daughter  who was one of the concubines of the king and inquired whether it was a son of Cyras who was king  She replied that she did not know nor could she ask the other concubines because they were kept in seclusion from each other  Then he advised her that when her turn came to lie with him  she was to feel his head as he lay asleep  For Cambyses  or  as Herodotus has it  Cyrus had Magus  ears cut off  Later she assured him that the king had no ears  He told the princes of Persia and swearing an oath with them  they conspired against the imposter king  There were seven of them involved in this  Lest the matter be discovered  they hid a dagger in their coats and immediately went to the place where the king was  They killed those who stood in their way  At last they came where the Magi were assembled  The Magi slew two of the conspirators  Herodotus states they were only wounded  They were all laid hold of by the Magi who outnumbered them  Gobryas held one of them about the middle  His fellows could not get near to Magus to kill him for fear of hurting Gobryas  He bade them kill the Magus through his body  Fortunately  they killed the Magus  and did not harm Gobryas   Justin     I e","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1005,"EventTxt":"According to Ctesias  the names of these   Persians  whom Jerome on Da     calls the Magi  were these  Onophas  Iderues  Naradobates  Mardonisu  Barises  Artaphernes and Darius  the son of Bystaspes  Herodotus  calls them  Otanes  Hydarves  Megabyzus  Gobryas  Aspathines  Intaphernes and Darius  Darius had recently arrived there from Susa  where his father Hystaspes  was governor  Ctesias and Herodotus tell us that the Persians always kept a yearly festival upon the day when the Magi were overthrown","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1006,"EventTxt":"Six days after the Magi were overthrown  those   Persians met to decide what form of government suited Persia best  Otanes advised an aristocracy  Megabyzus  an oligarchy but Darius persuaded them to adopt a monarchy  Darius  opinion prevailed and was carried by majority vote  Otanes resigned all his rights to the other six on the condition that neither himself  nor any of his descendants should ever be subject to any of them or their posterity  Only his family among the Persians were left free and not subject to the king s command provided that they broke no law of the Persians  Since he was the first to act and organised the conspiracy  they thought it fit to heap all kinds of magnificence and honour upon him and his posterity  Each year he was presented with a Median Robe  For the election of a new king  they came to this agreement  Every one of them should get on horseback a little before sunrise and whoever s horse happened to neigh first after the sun was up would be king in Cambyses  place  The horse of Darius the son of Hystaspes  by the craft and subtilty of Oebaris  neighed first  All the rest leaped off their horses and adored Darius  crying  God save the king   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1007,"EventTxt":"Each of the seven had the following privileges  First  they should come to court whenever they pleased and have free access to the king   unless he was in bed with the queen  without any notice   Herod        c         Secondly  that they might each wear his turban differently from all other men  The king only and his heir wore their turbans upright   Seneca       de Beneficiis c      Plutarch in the lives of Theistocles and Artaxerxes  and the rest of the nobility wore them hanging backward  It was granted to them and their posterity that they should wear them pointing forward because when they went to kill the Magi  they used this as a sign between themselves   Plutarch in his Precepts of Government   For Darius had given this as a sign for each to know one another by in the dark  They were to turn the buckle that fastened their turbans at the back and wear it on the front   Polya     Stratag","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1008,"EventTxt":"The greatest privilege granted them was that although the king had a perpetual dictatorship over them  yet each man in turn would have a kind of tribunal power with him  I deduce this from the following  First  these conspirators foresaw that they would prove burdensome  and how I ask more than in this way   to Darius  so they bond him with an oath which was most religiously observed among the Persians  Darius swore that he would never put any of them to death  either by poison  or sword  or by any violent way  or by starving them   Valer  Max        c      Secondly  for that Eschylus  who was in the fight against the Persians at Marathon names two kings successively between the slaughter of the Magi and the reign of Darius  Maraphis and Artaphrenes  The first seems to be the one who Ctesias calls Mardonius and the other Artapherne  Lastly  for that in Ezra  in the edict of Darius  in the second year of his reign  for the rebuilding of the temple  we find Artaxerxes  also called by the name of king of Persia  Ezr      to have given his consent to it in his  nd year of his reign for the rebuilding of the temple  It is hard to understand this to mean any other than Artaphernes","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1009,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of his reign  Darius took Atossa the daughter of Cyrus  who had formerly been married to his own brother Cambyses and afterward to the Magus and made her his wife  He purposed to better establish his kingdom by marrying into royalty so that the kingdom might not seem to move to another family but rather remain in the family of Cyrus   Herod        c           c       Justin from Trogus    I e      And he was first called Ochus   Valer  Max        c      yet later when he took over the kingdom of Cambyses  he took his surname also  So I conceive  that both he was that Achash veroth  or Ahasuerus  which in the story of Esther  is said to have reigned from India to Ethiopia  over   provinces  His chief wife Atossa  was none other than Vashti as mentioned in the book of Esther","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1010,"EventTxt":"Ochus still continued governor at Sardis and kept a thousand Persians for guards about him  When Darius sent his royal letters by Bagaeus the son of Arton to the soldiers there  they killed him  His goods were confiscated and brought to Susa  Democedes  whom he had made his slave  a physician of Crotona   Herod        c        was also taken to Susa","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1011,"EventTxt":"It happened later that when Darius was hunting he fell from his horse and wrenched his foot badly  The Egyptian surgeons sought to straighten it  Their methods were so violent that he could not sleep for seven days  On the  th day  Democedes was brought in shackles to him  in a poor and ragged condition  He used such Greek somentations  that the king quickly went to sleep again and in a short time recovered  He was rewarded with rich gifts by the king and his wives  dwelt in a good house in Susa and sat at the table with the king  He had everything that his heart could wish except he was forbidden to go to Greece again  When Darius would have hung his Egyptian physicians because a Greek could do more in his cure than they all  Democedes obtained their pardon from the king  There was a certain fortune teller of Elis  who came in the company with him and had followed Polycrates to Magnesia and was brought to Susa among the rest of Oroetes  slaves  Democedes obtained his freedom   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1012,"EventTxt":"It happened later that Atossa  the daughter to Cyrus and wife of Darius had an ulcer in her breast  After it was lanced  it spread further and further  When Democedes had cured her of that sore  he prevailed upon her  to have the king to make war on Greece  Darius presently called   choice men  all Persians  He commanded them to follow Democedes and by his directions to spy out all the maritime places of Greece and bring him back again with them to him  They went into Phoenicia and from there to Sidon  There they outfitted themselves with ships and other provisions and sailed to Greece  They viewed all the seacoasts of Greece and drew maps of it  They were the first Persian spies that ever came to Greece  When they had viewed the most famous cities and places in the heart of Greece  they passed from there to Tarentum in Italy  From here Democedes stole away to Crotona where his own home was and there marrying the daughter of Milo Crotoniates  that famous wrestler  He did not return any more to Darius   Herod        c        Athanaus        Deipnosoph  and Aelian  Var  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3483,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3483b AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1013,"EventTxt":"This was the third sabbatical year held by the Jews after their return from Babylon","YearBCAD":-521,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3484,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4193,"Dating":"3484a AM, 4193 JP, 521 BC"}
{"Index":1014,"EventTxt":"Mordecai the Jew  is said to have had a dream in the Greek additions of APC    on the  st day of the month Nisan  in the  nd year of the reign of Artaxerxes the Great  for Ahasuerus or Darius the son of Hystaspes  concerning a river signifying Esther and two dragons portending himself and Haman  APC","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Est 11:1-12\", \"Est 10:4-13\")","BibBk1":"Est","AnnoMund":3484,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3484c AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1015,"EventTxt":"In the second year of king Darius  which was in the  th Olympiad  Haggai the prophet reproved the idleness of the Jews for not rebuilding of the temple  For not doing this was the cause of crop failures and other plagues which continually happened to them between the first and third Sabbatical years  He earnestly persuaded them to change there ways  Then  Zerubbabel  the governor of the Jews and Joshua the high priest and all the people earnestly started to rebuild the temple on the  th day of the same month","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Hag 1:1-15","BibBk1":"Hag","AnnoMund":3484,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3484c AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1016,"EventTxt":"On the  st day of the  th month in the same year Haggai encouraged the Jews to go on with the work with a promise of God s presence and blessing on them in it  Although the beginnings of this present structure did not compare with its glory   years earlier  he told them the Messiah  who was born   years later  would be first shown in the temple and of the peace which would flow to all nations  If they consider that fact  then they must acknowledge that the glory of this temple will excel the beauty of the former","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Hag 2:1-9","BibBk1":"Hag","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3485a AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1017,"EventTxt":"In the  th month of the  nd year of Darius  Zechariah the son of Barachiah exhorted the people to repentance","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Zee 1:1-6","BibBk1":"Zee","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3485a AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1018,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  th month of the same  nd year  about halfway between seedtime   which immediately followed the end of the sabbatical year   and the harvest  the temple began to be built on its old foundation by Zerubbabel and Joshua the high priest  with the assistance of Haggai and Zechariah the prophets  Ezr       Hag","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3485a AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1019,"EventTxt":"On the same  th day  the two last prophecies of Haggai  were revealed to him  One vision concerned the end of those plagues  The other was about the overthrow of various kingdoms and the exaltation of Zerubbabel","YearBCAD":-520,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Hag 2:10-23","BibBk1":"Hag","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4194,"Dating":"3485a AM, 4194 JP, 520 BC"}
{"Index":1020,"EventTxt":"Tatnai  governor of the countries of this side the river  Shetharboznai  and the Apharsachites their associates came to Jerusalem to hinder the work of the temple  They asked the chief of the Jews by whose command they did it  They answered that they did it by the authority of the edict of Cyrus  and went on with their work        The laws of the Medes and Persians were perpetual and unalterable  Da       Es         Therefore it was lawful for the Jews to proceed in the work without expecting any new order about it","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 5:3-5","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1021,"EventTxt":"Their enemies sent a letter containing the Jew s answer to Darius and desired that search might be made in the records at Babylon  They wanted to see if there were any such grant made by Cyrus or not and desired to know the king s further pleasure concerning this","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 5:5-17","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1022,"EventTxt":"The work was thus interrupted and the famine continued in Judah because the grain was not yet ripe  On the  th day of the    th month Sebat  in the  nd year of Darius  the prophet Zechariah had a vision of horsemen galloping up and down over the face of the whole earth which was at rest and quiet  When the prophet asked what it meant  God made a gracious answer with many comforting words to the angel who entreated God to cease his anger and fury against the Jews  Jerusalem and cities of Judah  These   years are to be reckoned  from the coming of the Assyrians and the last siege laid to Jerusalem   See note on   AM  Jer     Eze           This exhortation which is read in  Zee       was sent to the Jews still remaining in Babylon  They were told to get out as fast as possible to avoid that calamity  which a while later Darius brought upon Babylon when he took it","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Zee 1:1-3","BibBk1":"Zee","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1023,"EventTxt":"The edict of Cyrus for the rebuilding of the temple was found at Achmetha  or Ecbatan  in the province of the Medes  Darius sent this and a second command in favour of the Jews to Tatnai and his fellows  They were ordered not to hinder the work of the Lord s house but help it along  The costs of the project were to be taken from the king s tribute  They were to pay the costs for the daily sacrifices that were to be offered by the priests at Jerusalem  With this new command and the encouragement of Haggai and Zechariah  they enthusiastically completed the work","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 6:1-14","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1024,"EventTxt":"think that at this time  Artaxerxes  who Ezr     signed with Darius in this edict and shared power with him in ruling the kingdom was one of the   princes of Persia who slew Magus  That is he who Eschilus   in Persis  calls Artaphrenes Hellanicus   as his Scholiast terms him   Daphernes  According to Ctesias  Artaphernes and Herodotus  he is Intaphernes  Therefore  according to the privilege granted by Darius of seeing him without notice  he was detained by the doorkeepers of the bedchamber who told him that the king was asleep with the queen  He thought they lied to him and drew his scimitar and cut off both their ears and noses  tied the reigns of a horse about both their necks and sent them running  When they came to the king they showed him what they had suffered and why  The king sent for the rest of the seven princes individually  fearing that this might have been done by the common consent of them all  When he found this not to be the case  he executed Intaphernes and all his sons except the eldest whom he spared at his mother s petition  Herodotus relates this matter  Herod        c         as a thing that happened shortly after the execution of the Magi  However  Valer  Max  following other authors         c      tells us  that finding himself checked by these princes  put them all to death by a newly devised kind of punishment  He says that he made a lower room and filled it with cinders and supported the room over it with only one post  When he had feasted and filled them with food and drink  he put them all into that upper room  When they were all fast asleep  he had the post that supported the room removed and they all fell into the cinders in the lower room and died","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1025,"EventTxt":"Now though it be not very likely that they perished in this manner  yet is it very credible that he put them out of the government of the kingdom  and hence eased himself of their heavy yoke","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485b AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1026,"EventTxt":"And from that time on  Darius was an absolute monarch  He is called Ahsuerus in the Scriptures  Therefore Ahsuerus  made a feast in the  rd year  reckoned from the beginning of his reign in his palace at Susa  He wanted to show the glory of his kingdom and magnificence of his state  He invited all the governors and great men of his dominions  The feast lasted   days    Pliny        c      states that Susa was built by this Darius  This is also called Elian   Pliny       de Anima    c      and was embellished with magnificent palaces by him  Herodotus         c      tells us  that he made this his home and kept all his treasure there","YearBCAD":-519,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 1:2-4","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3485,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4195,"Dating":"3485c AM, 4195 JP, 519 BC"}
{"Index":1027,"EventTxt":"After this half year banquet was over  there followed another one lasting seven days  Everyone in Susa was invited  The men were sitting with the king in the court of the garden of the king s house and the women were within the palace itself with Vashti the queen   who is Atossa  the daughter of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-518,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 1:5-9","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3486,"JulPer":4196,"Dating":"3486 AM, 4196 JP, 518 BC"}
{"Index":1028,"EventTxt":"On the last day of this feast  the king being somewhat drunk  wanted to show off the beauty of his queen to the men and sent for her to come to him  She refused and by the advise of Memucan had her divorced  He was one of the seven wise men of the Medes and Persians who knew the laws and statutes of those countries  For these were the king s judges  which judged in all causes arising among the Persians and revealed all cases in point of law   Herod        c        Plutarch in the Life of Artaxerxes  They made a law that every man after this should be master in his own house","YearBCAD":-518,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 1:10-22","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3486,"JulPer":4196,"Dating":"3486 AM, 4196 JP, 518 BC"}
{"Index":1029,"EventTxt":"After this a search was made for all the fair damsels that were to be found in the empire to find a new queen for the king to replace Vashti  Among the ones selected  was Hadassah  a damsel of the Jews  who was also called Es  the daughter of Abichajile  a woman of Benjamin","YearBCAD":-518,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 2:1-8","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3486,"JulPer":4196,"Dating":"3486 AM, 4196 JP, 518 BC"}
{"Index":1030,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Darius  the  th day of the  th month  called Chisleu  the Jews through Sharezer and Regemmelech consulted with the priests and prophets concerning the appointed fast to be held on the day of the destruction of the city and temple of Jerusalem  God answered them that those fasts of the  th and  th months which they had observed for   years displeased him and reminded him of their obstancy and sins which caused that terrible desolation in the first place     From the destruction and the death of Gedaliah two months later  which was the reason for the fast in the  th month   to the very time of this prophecy  we  in our Chronology  count   years","YearBCAD":-518,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Zee 7:1-14","BibBk1":"Zee","AnnoMund":3487,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4196,"Dating":"3487a AM, 4196 JP, 518 BC"}
{"Index":1031,"EventTxt":"In     God tells them that he would restore Jerusalem and put an end to all their former miseries and that he would change their fasts into mirth and gladness  These fasts were      th month   th day when the city was taken     th month   th day when the temple was burnt     th month when Gedaliah was murdered and they were scattered among the nations     th month   th day when Nebuchadnezzar besieged the city under Zedekiah","YearBCAD":-518,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Zee 8:1-23","BibBk1":"Zee","AnnoMund":3487,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4196,"Dating":"3487a AM, 4196 JP, 518 BC"}
{"Index":1032,"EventTxt":"Toward the latter end of the  th year of Darius on the  rd day of the  th month  called Adar  the temple was finished  At the dedication  the Israelites who returned from the captivity  celebrated with great joy and many sacrifices  The priests and Levites performed their offices and duties in the temple","YearBCAD":-515,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 6:15-18","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3489,"JulPer":4199,"Dating":"3489 AM, 4199 JP, 515 BC"}
{"Index":1033,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  st month  they joyfully celebrated the first passover in the second temple and kept the feast of unleavened bread for seven days  For God had turned the heart of Darius  king of Assyria toward them  Ezr       After a   month seige  he took Babylon  by the help of Zopyrus  He could now rightly be called king of the Assyrians as well as the Persians   Herod        in fin    Justin at the end of his book","YearBCAD":-515,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3489,"JulPer":4199,"Dating":"3489 AM, 4199 JP, 515 BC"}
{"Index":1034,"EventTxt":"When Esther s turn came to be brought to the king Ahasuerus  she was brought from the Seraiglia to the king s chamber by Hegai the eunuch     vv The women in Persia  come round in their turns  to their husband s beds   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 2:12-15","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3490,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3490b AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1035,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Ahasuerus  reign  in the  th month called Tebeth  when Esther came to the king  she found grace and favour in his eyes above all the other damsels  He put the crown of the kingdom upon her head and made her queen in the place of Vashti  Es        From this I gather that as Vashti was Atossa  so Esther was the one Herodotus called the virgin Artystone  He said that Darius loved with her more than all his wives and he made a solid gold statue of   Herod        c           c      Hadassah  which was another name given to Esther sounds much like Atossa  Herodotus makes Artystone to have been Cyrus  daughter and Atossa s sister  We do not know whether Herodotus was not so well skilled in the Persian genealogies or that the Persians themselves for very envy concealed the name of Esther","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3490,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3490b AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1036,"EventTxt":"In honour of his new marriage  Ahasuerus made a most sumptuous feast for all his princes and servants and called it Esther s feast  He eased the provinces of many taxes and gave gifts according to the wealth of so great a king  Es","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3490,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3490b AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1037,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3490,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3490b AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1038,"EventTxt":"Haman  the son of Hammedatha the Agagite  of the tribe of the Amalekites  hated the Jew Mordecai because he would not fall down and adore him as others did  He resolved for his sake to be revenged of all the Jewish nation  which was always at odds with his De      and to destroy it  To find a good time to do this  he cast pur  that is  lots before him on the first month Nisan  in the  th year of king Ahasuerus  The lot fell on the  th month Adar","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 3:1-7","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1039,"EventTxt":"For vacuous reasons he offered Ahasuerus     talents of silver   which the king would not accept  and obtained a grant from him to destroy the Jews","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 3:7-1","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1040,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the first month  the king s edict was proclaimed in Susa and copies of it were dispatched by carriers into all the provinces of the empire  All Jews without respect to sex or age on the  th day of the  th month Adar were to be killed     When this happened  Mordecai  Esther and all the Jews  humbled themselves before the Lord  by fasting and prayer  Es         In memory of this their posterity to this day observe a solemn fast  upon the  th day of the month Adar  which they call Esther s fast","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 3:12-15","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1041,"EventTxt":"Esther went to the king in gorgeous apparel and was graciously received by him  She invited the king to a banquet  Meanwhile  Haman was busy having a gallows made for Mordecai","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 5:1-14","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1042,"EventTxt":"One night when Ahasuerus could not sleep  he had the records read to him  It was found that two of his servants  Bigthan and Teresh his doorkeepers  had plotted his death and that Mordecai had revealed this conspiracy to him  Thereupon he ordered that Mordecai should be highly honoured publicly by none other than Haman himself","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 6:1-14","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1043,"EventTxt":"Shortly after this  Haman was hung on the gallows he made for Mordecai     Haman s house was given to the queen  Mordecai  her uncle who had raised her  had daily honours bestowed upon him  Es","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 7:1-10","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1044,"EventTxt":"On the  rd day of the month Sivan  there was an edict proclaimed at Susa and copies of it sent away speedily by carriers into the   provinces  It stated that the Jews on the  th day of the month Adar  which was the day appointed for their massacre  could defend themselves and to kill any who attacked them  They could keep the spoil of any man killed  In Susa and in all the provinces there was great rejoicing among the Jews  People in various countries became Jews","YearBCAD":-514,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 8:9-17","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3491,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4200,"Dating":"3491a AM, 4200 JP, 514 BC"}
{"Index":1045,"EventTxt":"Happias  twenty years before the fight at Marathon  in which he served on the Persian side  was now an old man  He was expelled from Athens by the Lacedemonians and the faction of the Alemaeonidae  He left the Athenians  and went first to Sigeum and from there sailed to Lampsucus  to his son in law Aeanpias  father and from there went to Darius   Thucid         Now Pisistratus  the son of Hippias  had committed Segeum in Troas to Hegesistratus  base son  This was a place for Hippias and later for others of the family of Pisistratus to escape to when in trouble   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-510,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3494,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4204,"Dating":"3494d AM, 4204 JP, 510 BC"}
{"Index":1046,"EventTxt":"Upon the  th day of the  th month Adar  the Jews killed all those who intended to kill them by Haman s decree  In Susa and the palace  they killed   men together with Haman s ten sons  In the rest of the provinces  they killed     men but touched not one penny of their goods","YearBCAD":-509,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 9:1-16","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3495,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4205,"Dating":"3495b AM, 4205 JP, 509 BC"}
{"Index":1047,"EventTxt":"On the  th of the same month  the Jews in the provinces stopped killing their enemies and had a feast  They at Susa were granted one more day of vengeance by the king  They slew   more of their ene  and hung the carcasses of Haman s ten sons on the gallows  Es","YearBCAD":-509,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3495,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4205,"Dating":"3495b AM, 4205 JP, 509 BC"}
{"Index":1048,"EventTxt":"On the  th day  Jews who lived in Susa made merry and feasted  Es","YearBCAD":-509,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3495,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4205,"Dating":"3495b AM, 4205 JP, 509 BC"}
{"Index":1049,"EventTxt":"Mordecai began the custom of keeping a holiday in remembrance of Purim on the  th and  th days of the month Adar  This was established by Esther     This is the Jew s Shrovetide  when they read the history of Esther  As often as the name of Haman is read  they rap and make a noise with their hands or mallets upon the desk in their synagogues","YearBCAD":-509,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 9:23-30","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3495,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4205,"Dating":"3495b AM, 4205 JP, 509 BC"}
{"Index":1050,"EventTxt":"In the isle of Naxos  some of the rich were expelled by the poor  They resorted to Aristagoras  son of Molpagoras and son in law and first cousin by the mother s side  to Histiaeus  Tyrant of Meletus  Histiaeus had left Aristagoras governor there in his place when Darius had honoured him by taking him to Susa  Aristagoras told the matter to Artaphernes  son of Hystaspes and brother to Darius  governor of Ionia  who lived at Sardis  He persuaded him to take over for the king  Naxos  Paros and Andros and the rest of the Cyclades  all dependents of Naxos  Darius at Susa liked the idea and next spring he furnished   ships for that war   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-504,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3500,"JulPer":4210,"Dating":"3500 AM, 4210 JP, 504 BC"}
{"Index":1051,"EventTxt":"Artaphernes  made Megabates a Persian and a close cousin to him and Darius  commander in chief of the Persian army  He ordered him to go to Miletus with his fleet of   ships  He was to join forces with Aristagoras and the Ionian army  which he did  They sailed from there to Chios  A disagreement occurred between Aristagoras and Artaphernes  when they had spent four months in the siege of Naxos  Nothing came of the seige and each returned home again  accomplishing nothing   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-503,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3501,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4211,"Dating":"3501c AM, 4211 JP, 503 BC"}
{"Index":1052,"EventTxt":"The   years had elapsed from the taking of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar  This was the number of years of the bondage of that city as stated in  Isa        After this time  it seems they lived in freedom from any foreign subjection  until the time it was again taken by Alexander the Great","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3502,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3502b AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1053,"EventTxt":"Aristagoras feared what might happen to him because he had not been able to take Naxos  He had no money to pay his army  He began to think of revolting from the Persians  It happened that exactly at that time  a messenger came from Histiaeus in Babylon  His message was written in letters made with hot irons upon the flesh of his head and now overgrown with hair  He advised Aristagoras to defect from Darius and cause all Ionia to revolt  if he could   Herod        c     Polya  Stratag","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3502,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3502b AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1054,"EventTxt":"Aristagoras told this to his friends and persuaded them to side with him  Hecataeus the historian tried in vain to prevent them from rebelling against the king of Persia  The conspirators sent Iarrogaras to Myletus to the army  which upon their return from Naxos  remained there and by a stratagem  won over all the principal commanders of their fleet","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3502,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3502b AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1055,"EventTxt":"Aristagoras  now publicly revolted from Darius  He made a fair show of a kind of liberty to the Milesians  He took away the rulers that were in some cities of Ionia  He then went to the Lacedemonians to ask for their help but they flatly refused   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3502,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3502b AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1056,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the reign of Darius    of Nabonassar s era  on the  th day of the month Epiphus  according to the Egyptian calendar   November     there was an eclipse of the moon at Babylon ending about midnight   Ptol  Mag  Syntax        c","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3503,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3503a AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1057,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians sent to Sigeum for Hippias the son of Pisistratus  He went to Athens on the hope they gave to him that he may be restored to power  This was all in vain and returned to Asia  He accused the Athenians of many things to Artaphernes  hoping to bring Athens under the subjection of Darius   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3503,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3503a AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1058,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians understood that Hippias had defamed them to Artaphernes  they sent their messengers to Sardis to persuade the Persians not to give credit to those outlaws of the Athenians  However  Artaphernes advised them that if they loved themselves and their own safety  they should call home again and receive Hippias  They refused any such conditions  It happened that Aristagoras the Melesian returned empty handed from Sparta he came to Athens and there obtained   ships to aid the Ionians in their war against the Persians  They made Melantho an eminent man in Athens commander   Herod        c         This fleet  as Herodotus  Herod        c     ib   has well noted  was the beginning of all the trouble between the Greeks and Persians  This was the beginning of all the wars which occurred between the Greeks and the Persians and which ended in the ruin of the Persian Empire","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3503,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3503a AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1059,"EventTxt":"When Aristagoras returned to Miletus  he persuaded the Paeones to return to their own country  Megabuzus the governor of Thracia had carried them away from their own country on the banks of the River Strymon into Phrygia and by the authority of Darius settled them there  They took with them their wives and children and went away to the seaside  Some settled there for fear of going any farther  The rest went to Chios  from there sailed to Lesbos and to Doriscus  From there  they went by land into their own country   Herod        c      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-502,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3503,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4212,"Dating":"3503a AM, 4212 JP, 502 BC"}
{"Index":1060,"EventTxt":"The Athenian fleet arrived at Meletus  Five triremes of the Eretrians came with them to help the Athenians  There Aristagoras remained  He sent his own brother Charopinus commander over the Milesians and Helmophantus commander over the rest of the Ionians to fight against Sardis  The Ionians with the Athenians and Eretrians sailed to Ephesus  They left their ships at Coresus  a port of the Ephesians and marched to Sardis  They took and burnt it all except for the citadel which Artaphernes himself kept  They even destroyed the temple of Cybele  When the Lydians and Persians united forces they defended and held the market place through which ran the River Pactolus  The fearful Ionians retired to the hill Timolus next to the market and fled to their ships by night  The Persians who dwelt on that side the river Halys  gathered their forces and pursued them  They overtook them near Ephesus  fought and routed them  Many were killed including Enalcidas captain of the Eretrians  He won many garlands in many of their games and was highly commended in the poetry of Simonides  They who escaped from the battle  scattered into their various cities  The Athenians abandoned the Ionian cause from that time on  although they were earnestly entreated to help the Ionians by Aristagoras   Herod       c","YearBCAD":-500,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3504,"JulPer":4214,"Dating":"3504 AM, 4214 JP, 500 BC"}
{"Index":1061,"EventTxt":"Onesilus disposed of his older brother Gorgus  king of the Salaminians  and forced him to flee over to the Medes for help  Onesilus caused the whole island of Cyprus to defect from the Medes except for the people of Amathusa  When he was besieging that city  Darius received news of the burning of Sardis by the Athenians  He was very angry with the Athenians and ordered one of his attendants that as often as ever he sat eating  he should remind him three times of it by saying  Sir  Remember the Athenians  Heedlessly  he sent away Histiaeus  the brother of that Aristagoras from Susa to Meletus who later became the ringleader of the Ionian rebellion against him   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-500,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3504,"JulPer":4214,"Dating":"3504 AM, 4214 JP, 500 BC"}
{"Index":1062,"EventTxt":"The Ionians sailed into the Hellespont and took Byantium with other cities in those parts  When they sailed from there  they caused many of the cities of Caria to join with them in this war against the Persians  When the city Caunus heard of the burning of Sardis  they joined them when before this had refused to   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-500,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3504,"JulPer":4214,"Dating":"3504 AM, 4214 JP, 500 BC"}
{"Index":1063,"EventTxt":"At Clazomenae  which was an island but now joined to the continent of Ionia  by a neck of land   Strabo         Anaxagoras the philosopher  son of Hegesibulus was born  Olym      according to Diogenes Laertius in his life  from Apollodorus  Chronicle","YearBCAD":-500,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3504,"JulPer":4214,"Dating":"3504 AM, 4214 JP, 500 BC"}
{"Index":1064,"EventTxt":"While Onesilus and his army beseiged Amathusa  He received news that Artybius  a captain of the Persians  was heading to Cyprus with a very large army  Onesilus sent to the Ionians for help and they immediately sailed to Cyprus with a large fleet  The Persians left Cilicia and landed in Cyprus  They marched to the city of Salamis and sent the Phoenicians with their ships to take the point of a promontory in the island called  Claves Cyprus  i e  the keys of Cyprus  A naval and land battle ensued  At sea that day  the Ionians behaved valiantly  especially the Samians and defeated the Phoenicians  On land while the rest were busy fighting  first Stesenor  tyrant of the Curii  betrayed his companions and then presently the men of Salamis who fought in chariots  did likewise  The whole army of the Cypriots were routed and many were killed  Among the dead was Onesilus  the author of this war and Aristocypius  king of the Solians  son of that Philocyphrus  When Solon was at Cyprus  he greatly extolled him in his poetry more than all the other tyrants  When the Ioninas heard that Onesilus was slain  and the rest of the cities of Cyprus were besieged and that Salamis welcomed back Gorgus their old king  they quickly returned to Ionia  Of all the cities of Cyrpus  Soli held out the longest  After four months  the Persians undermined the wall around the city and took it  Hence the Cypriots paid dearly for their one year of liberty and were reduced again to slavery   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-500,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3504,"JulPer":4214,"Dating":"3504 AM, 4214 JP, 500 BC"}
{"Index":1065,"EventTxt":"The Persian leaders  Daurises  Hymaees and Otanes at Sardis who had married the daughters of Darius pursued the Ionians who had helped in the attack against Sardis  After they had routed them near Ephesus and driven them aboard their ships  they divided the rest of the cities among themselves so they could conquer them   Herod        c      Daurises subdued the lands adjoining to the Hellespont and took in five days the five cities  Dardanus  Abydus  Percote  Lampsacus and Paesus  He was on his way from there to the city Parios when he received news that all Caria had revolted from the king and joined with the Ionians  He abandoned his plan to take Parios and marched with all his army to Caria   Herod        c        Hymaees subdued the lands about Propontis and took the city of Cios in Mysia  When he heard that Daurises marched from Hellespont to Caria  he left Propontis and marched into Hellespont   Herod        c      Artaphernes  the governor of Sardis and Otanes the third commander attacked Ionia and part of Aeolia  In Ionia  they took the city of Clazomenae and in Aeolia  the city Cuma   Herod        c      After this  Anaxagoras with his men met together to decide on a place to flee to  In this meeting  Hecataeus the historian advised them to move to the isle of Leros and fortify it  They should stay there until it was safe to return to Miletus  Aristagoras advised them to sail rather to a place called Myrcinus  a city of the Edons  These people dwelt on the bank of the river Strimon which his own brother Histiaeus had formerly built  Aristagoras committed the government of Miletus to Pythagoras and with a group of volunteers he sailed from there into Trace and took control of the area he had planned to   Herod       c","YearBCAD":-499,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3505,"JulPer":4215,"Dating":"3505 AM, 4215 JP, 499 BC"}
{"Index":1066,"EventTxt":"When Histiaeus  the Tyrant of Miletus  was sent away from Susa by Darius  he came to Sardis  Artaphernes charged him with being the author of all the unrest and rebellion in Ionia  He escaped by night to the sea coast and sailed over into Chios  The people thought that he had been sent there by Darius to enlist their support against the Greeks and they put him in irons  When they understood that he came to help the Greeks  they quickly set him free  He immediately sent a message to Sardis  by Herminppus of Atarne  to persuade some Persians to revolt  When Artaphernes got wind of this when he captured the messenger  he killed those Persians  When this plot failed  Histiaens had the Chios escort him back to Miletus  The Milesians were glad to be rid of Aristagoras and did not want another tyrant in his place  When Histiaeus tried to secretly get into the city by night  the Mileasians wounded him in the thigh  When he was expelled from there  he returned again to Chios   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-499,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3505,"JulPer":4215,"Dating":"3505 AM, 4215 JP, 499 BC"}
{"Index":1067,"EventTxt":"Daurises the Persian led his army against the Carians  They met at a place called Columnae Albae or the White Pillars  near the river Marsyas  Pixodorus the son of Mausolus  a man of Cyndya  who had married the daughter of Sienoses the king of Cilicia  advised then to cross the river Maeander  They should have the river behind them and await the enemy there and fight from this good position  The opposite opinion prevailed that the Persians should fight with the river at their backs  This would cut off all retreat and force the Persians to fight harder  When the Carians and Persians fought near the river Marsyas  the battle was fierce and long  The Persians lost     men and the Carians      The Carians fled to Labranda to the temple of Jupiter and there decided what to do  Should they submit to the Persians or abandon Asia  At this time  the Milesians with their allies came to help them  Thus encouraged  they fought again with the Persians who invaded them  After a longer battle than the previous one  they fled again  They and the Milesians lost very many men  After these great losses  the Carians received more help and fought with the Persians a third time  When they heard that the Persians were sacking their cities  they lay in ambush for them as they were marching to Mylasa  This was planned by Heraclides of Mylasa the son of Ibanollis  They attacked the Persians at night and slaughtered them  The Persian commander  Daurisces and Amorges  Sismaces and Myrsus the son of Gyges  were killed   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-498,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3506,"JulPer":4216,"Dating":"3506 AM, 4216 JP, 498 BC"}
{"Index":1068,"EventTxt":"Hymees the Persian who led his army into the country of Hellespont  defeated all the Aeolians  who lived in the region of old Troy  He also subdued the Gergithes  the rest of those ancient Teucrians  After this he became sick and died at Troas   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-498,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3506,"JulPer":4216,"Dating":"3506 AM, 4216 JP, 498 BC"}
{"Index":1069,"EventTxt":"When Histiaeus the Milesian could not get ships from Chios  he went to Mitilene  Here the Lesbians let him have eight triremes and they sailed with him to Byzantium  Here they intercepted certain ships of the Ionians  who came out of Pontus  These submitted to the leadership of Histiaeus   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-498,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3506,"JulPer":4216,"Dating":"3506 AM, 4216 JP, 498 BC"}
{"Index":1070,"EventTxt":"Aristagoras  Histiaeus  brother  was with his army at the siege of Mircinus  a city of the Edones  He and his men were slain by the Thracians who lied to him about granting him safe passage from the place   Herod        c      Thucidides          reckons from this time that it was   years  to the starting of a colony of the Athenians by Agnon the son of Nicias  at Amphipolis  Diod  Sic  in his  th book  says  was done in the  th Olympiad  That period of time  we have here followed our relation of the six years  ending the year following  of the rebellion of the Ionians against the Persians","YearBCAD":-498,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3506,"JulPer":4216,"Dating":"3506 AM, 4216 JP, 498 BC"}
{"Index":1071,"EventTxt":"All the Persian commanders united in one huge naval and land force to take the city of Miletus  Among the navy the Phoenicians were the best sailors  They were helped by the Cypriots  who were recently subdued by the Persians   the Cilicians and the Egyptians   Herod        c      This threat seems to be mentioned by Diogenes Laertius in his life  in those letters which are attributed to Anaximines the Melesian  written to Pythagoras who was living at Crotona  He lived there for   years and then went to Metapontus and there lived the rest of his days   Justin from Trogus       c      This was the fourth year of the  th Olympiad   as Euseb  has it in his Chron   which takes up part of this and part of the next year","YearBCAD":-497,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3507,"JulPer":4217,"Dating":"3507 AM, 4217 JP, 497 BC"}
{"Index":1072,"EventTxt":"The Ionian fleet had   ships and the Persians had    Aeaces the son of Solyson  the tyrant of Samos and other tyrants of Ionia  who had been expelled by Aristagoras  were now in the Persian army  They tried to draw as many of the countrymen as they could from the Ionian to the Persian side  The naval battle between the Phoenicians and the Ionians happened at Lada  a little island lying opposite Miletus  Of the   ships that came from the isle of Samos    cowardly fled home from the battle  Likewise   more of the Lesbian ships and others of the Ionians fled  There were   ships of the Isle of Chios which fought valiantly until at length having taken many of the enemy s ships and lost many of their own  they returned home with what they had left  Some were closely pursued by the enemy and ran aground at the promontory of Mycale  They escaped to the shore and after travelling all night on foot  they came safely to Ephesus  Here  the women were celebrating their feast and sacrifices called Thesmophoria  in honour of their goddess Ceres  The men of the city thought that the Chians were thieves who came to spoil them at that time  They attacked them suddenly and slew them  Dionysius  captain of three ships of the Phoenicians  captured three ships of the enemies  He did not sail to Phocaea  which he knew was about to fall to the enemy with the rest of the Ionian territories but sailed directly to Phoenicia  Here he sank a number of cargo ships  and robbed them of their valuable cargo  He then set sail for Sicily   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-497,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3507,"JulPer":4217,"Dating":"3507 AM, 4217 JP, 497 BC"}
{"Index":1073,"EventTxt":"When the Persians had defeated the Ionians at sea  they attacked the beleagued city of Miletus  both by sea and land  They undermined its walls with all kinds of engines of war and they utterly overthrew and razed it to the ground in the  th year after Aristagoras began his rebellion against the king of Persia   Herod        c      Some of the Mileseans who escaped with certain of the Samians  started a colony in Sicily   Herod        c      The rest were carried away to Susa  Darius inflicted no more punishment on them and settled them in the city of Ampa on the Persian Gulf near the mouth of the Tigris River  The Persians took the plain and low grounds lying near the city of Miletus and gave the mountainous parts to the Carians of Pedasus to possess   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-497,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3507,"JulPer":4217,"Dating":"3507 AM, 4217 JP, 497 BC"}
{"Index":1074,"EventTxt":"After the taking of Miletus  the Carians were all quickly captured  Some surrendered willingly and others by compulsion   Herod        c      When Histiaeus the Milesian heard what happened to his city Miletus  he sailed with the Lesbians who were with him to Chios  He easily subdued them because they were greatly weakened by their heavy losses at Lada  He went from there with a strong party of Ionians and Eolians to Thasos  While he was besieging Thasos  he heard that the Persians were attacking the rest of Ionia  He lifted his siege from Thasos and he immediately sailed to Lesbos with all his forces  When he saw that his men were short of food  he sailed to the province of Atarnis and intended to forage for food there and in the country lying by the river Caicus in the province of Mysia  Harpagus the Persian was in those parts with a very large army  He attacked Histiaeus as he came from his ships at a place called Malena and took him alive and killed most of his men  After Histiaeus was brought prisoner to Sardis  Artaphernes crucified him and sent his head to Darius at Susa  Darius criticised them for not bringing him alive to him  He ordered that his head should be interred  as a man respected by him and the Persian nation   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-497,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3507,"JulPer":4217,"Dating":"3507 AM, 4217 JP, 497 BC"}
{"Index":1075,"EventTxt":"The Persian navy wintered near Miletus  They captured the islands bordering on the continent and in less than two years captured Chios  Lesbos  Tenedos  and the rest   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-496,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3508,"JulPer":4218,"Dating":"3508 AM, 4218 JP, 496 BC"}
{"Index":1076,"EventTxt":"After the islands were taken  the Persian captains captured the cities of Ionia  When they were subdued  they selected the most beautiful boys and girls from among them and sent them to Darius  They burned the cities and their temples  Hence the Ionians were three times brought into bondage  once by the Lydians and now twice by the Persians   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-496,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3508,"JulPer":4218,"Dating":"3508 AM, 4218 JP, 496 BC"}
{"Index":1077,"EventTxt":"Before the Phoenician fleet came  the inhabitants of Byzantium and of Chalcedon  which is opposite it  abandoned their cities and fled to the remotest parts of the Euxin Sea  Here they built a city called Mesembria   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-496,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3508,"JulPer":4218,"Dating":"3508 AM, 4218 JP, 496 BC"}
{"Index":1078,"EventTxt":"The Phoenician fleet sailed from Ionia and subdued all that lay on their left hand as you go into the Hellespont  What lay on the right hand in Asia was already subdued by the Persians  The fleet took Chersonesus and its cities except the city Cardia where until then Miltiades the son of Cimon  had been tyrant   Herod        c         When Miltiades sailed from Cardia with five triremes for Athens  the Phoenicians pursued him and took one of his ships containing his son Metiochus  He was sent prisoner to Darius who honourably received him  Darius gave him both house and lands and a Persian woman for a wife  She bore him many children   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1079,"EventTxt":"When Artaphernes the governor of Sardis  found the Ionians fighting among themselves  he sent for some of each side to come to him  He made peace with them on certain conditions  He made them to settle their differences by arbitration rather than by killing each other and thus ruining their nation   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1080,"EventTxt":"When Artaphernes made peace  he surveyed their country by parasangs  as the Persians called every division and it contained   furlongs or     miles  He assigned a tribute on every such division which was paid yearly to the king  The rate was similar to what they paid formerly to Darius   Herod        c      That rate was first levied when Darius became king and he imposed it on all his empire  Herod        c         and before he was master of the islands   Herod        c      According to Herodotus  we observe that to facilitate taxing  the   provinces mentioned in Esther  were now by Darius reduced to    yet the bounds of that empire were still the same stretching from India to Ethiopia  One side was conquered by Cambyses and the other by Darius  Concerning the revenue from India  Herodotus states  vv Since the Indians were the most populous nation  more than all other men living that we know  they pay far more tribute than any other nation does  that is   talents of gold dust and this is the twentieth part or a Satrapie","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1081,"EventTxt":"Since we find that when Darius was made king  he did not control India  as is evident even by Herodotus himself   Herod        c       therefore it is likely that when the tax rate was set by Artaphernes in Ionia  a similar tax was done all over the kingdom by the governors of each of the provinces","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1082,"EventTxt":"It would be considered then  whether that which is said in   vv After this the king Ahasuerus imposed a tribute upon the land and isles of the","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 10:1-3","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1083,"EventTxt":"That King Ahasuerus made all the earth and all the islands of the sea pay tribute refers to this very time  For as Thucidides          tells us   and Plato in his Menexenus confirms  that Darius  by the means of his Phoenician fleet  subdued all the islands lying in the Aegean Sea  Diodorus Siculus          states that they were all lost again by his son Xerxes immediately after his defeat in Greece  It was after the  th year of his reign that the scripture states that Ahasuerus imposed this tribute upon the isles  For in the war of Xerxes against Greece  all the islands which lay between the Cyanean Isles and the two forelands  that of Triopium in Cnidia and that other of Sumium in Attica  sent him ships  Diodorus Siculus         states that his successors held none of them all except for Clazomene  which was at that time a poor small island  Thucidides         and Cyprus  This is demonstrated by the tenor of Antalcidas  peace as recorded by Xenophon        Hellenic   This seems to me to be a good argument  that the Ahasuerus mentioned in Esther is none other than this Darius  For this and other such like impositions laid upon the people  the Persians used to call him a crafty merchant or huckster  as Herodotus notes of him  Under Cyrus and Cambyses  his two predecessors  there was no mention of any tribute charged upon the subject but that they only brought the king presents   Herod        c      Also  we read in the  th book of the Epitome of Strabo  vv The first that ever brought up paying of tribute  was Darius Lonimanus","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1084,"EventTxt":"mistaking the surname of Artaxerxes the grandchild and giving it to the grandfather  vv for before him  men paid their kings  from what every country yielded  as grain  horses   c","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1085,"EventTxt":"And Polyuenus   Stratagem         states that vv Darius  was the first that ever imposed a tribute upon the people  Nevertheless  to make it more palatable to them  he had his officers set the rate first  When they imposed a very heavy tax  he took off one half of it which they willingly paid and took it for a great favour too from the king s hand","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1086,"EventTxt":"This story is mentioned also  by Plutarch in his Apothegmes of Kings and Emperors","YearBCAD":-495,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3509,"JulPer":4219,"Dating":"3509 AM, 4219 JP, 495 BC"}
{"Index":1087,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of this spring  the king relieved all the commanders and sent away the young gentleman Mardonius  the son of Gobryas and who recently married to the king s daughter Arotozostra  He came to the seaside in Cilicia with a vast well equipped army and navy  He sent his army overland to Hellespont while he took the navy into the parts of Ionia  He put down the Tyrants in each of the cities restored their elected governments  Shortly after this  he subdued the Thasy by his fleet and the Macedonians by his army  His navy sailing from Thasus to Acanthus  While they tried to round the cape of the mount Athos  a mighty tempest destroyed   of his ships and over     men  While Mardonius with his army stayed in Macedonia  the Thracians  called the Brygi  attacked his camp at night  They killed many of his men and wounded Mardonius  When he had subdued Macedonia  he left and returned into Asia","YearBCAD":-494,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3510,"JulPer":4220,"Dating":"3510 AM, 4220 JP, 494 BC"}
{"Index":1088,"EventTxt":"The next year  Darius ordered the inhabitants of Thasus  who had been accused of intending a rebel against him  to demolish the walls of their city and to send away all their shipping to Abdera  He then determined to see whether the Greeks would fight or submit to him  He sent ambassadors into Greece with the order to demand earth and water from them  He ordered his towns on the sea coast  to send fighting ships and others to send horses to him  Therefore  many in Greece and in the adjacent isles gave him earth and water  The inhabitants of the Island of Egina were the first to do this   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-493,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3511,"JulPer":4221,"Dating":"3511 AM, 4221 JP, 493 BC"}
{"Index":1089,"EventTxt":"The Eginetae who were traitors to Greece  were presently attacked by Cleomenes  king of the Spartans  Demaratus  the other Spartan king  was expelled when a disagreement arose between him and Cloemenes  He fled to into Asia to Darius who entertained him magnificently and gave him cities and lands to rule   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-492,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3512,"JulPer":4222,"Dating":"3512 AM, 4222 JP, 492 BC"}
{"Index":1090,"EventTxt":"There was an eclipse of the moon at Babylon in the  st year of Darius   th of Nobonasar  the  rd day of the month Tybi  April  th  half an hour before midnight  Ptol  mag  Syntas        c      Darius removed Mardonius from his command because of the poor handling of the navy  He sent others to take charge of the war against the Eretrians and Athenians  These were Datys  a Median and Artaphernes   whom the Scholiast of Aristophanes calls Artabaxus  commander of the horses  the son of his brother Artaphernes  As they were encamped in a plain of Cilicia near the sea  they repaired all the naval forces and prepared their ships to transport the horses which the tributary cities had provided  With the army and horse on board  they sailed for Ionia  Herod        c         with a fleet of   ships  Yet Plato in his Menexenus  counts only   ships and     soldiers  Lysias also confirms this number  in the Epitaph which he made  upon the Corinthian Auxiliaries  However  Emilius Probus  in the life of Miltiades  says  there were in that fleet    s      soldiers and     horses","YearBCAD":-491,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3513,"JulPer":4223,"Dating":"3513 AM, 4223 JP, 491 BC"}
{"Index":1091,"EventTxt":"The Persians sailed from Samos to Naxos and burned all its houses and temples  They spared Delos and went to other the islands  From there they took captive both men to serve them and their children for hostages  When the Casrystii refused to do this  they were besieged until at last they also were forced to surrender their city and themselves to the enemy   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-490,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4224,"Dating":"3514c AM, 4224 JP, 490 BC"}
{"Index":1092,"EventTxt":"The Persians took Eretria after seven days siege  After spending a few days in settling things there  they sailed to the land of Attica and destroyed a great part of it  At last by the guidance of Hippias the son of Pisistratus they came to the plain of Marathon  They were defeated by the men of Athens and of Platea  under the command of Miltiades  He had taken command of the Chersonesus in Thracia  The Greeks lost   men  the Persians      Herod        c","YearBCAD":-490,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3514,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4224,"Dating":"3514c AM, 4224 JP, 490 BC"}
{"Index":1093,"EventTxt":"The Persians fled to their ships many of which were sunk or captured  In both the fights  the Persians lost     men  Hippias  a former the Tyrant of Athens  died there  who had been the author of this war   Justin out of Trogus        c      The whole army of the Persians at this battle consisted of       Valer  Mas        c      Plutarch thinks it was less as he states in the beginning of his Parallels  Justin and Orosius following him and say  they were in all     men  Aemilius Probus in his Militiades  states there were     solders and     calvary  On the Athenian side there were     and of their auxiliaries out of Platea       states Justin with Orosus  Probus assures us  that the Athenians  with the men of Platea totalled but      This significant victory happened on the  th day of Boedromion  the  rd month in the Attio calendar after the summer solstice according to Plutarch in the life of Camillus  When Phanippus was in charge of Athens  Plutarch has it in the Life of Aristides that in the  rd year of the  nd Olympiad    years before the death of Darius  Likewise Severns Sulpitius  in his  nd book of his Sacra Hisoria states the same thing  This was in the  th year before Xerxes entered into Greece   as Thuscidides in his  st book of his history states and Lysias in his Epitaph of the Corinthian Auxiliaries confirms  and   full years before the sea fight at Salamis in the same month of Boedromion   Plato       de Legibus","YearBCAD":-490,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4224,"Dating":"3514d AM, 4224 JP, 490 BC"}
{"Index":1094,"EventTxt":"Datis and Artiphernes returned into Asia taking with them their captives of Eretria to Susa   Herod        c        According to Ctesias  Datis was slain in the fight at Marathon and the Athenians refused to give the Persians his body","YearBCAD":-490,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3514,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4224,"Dating":"3514d AM, 4224 JP, 490 BC"}
{"Index":1095,"EventTxt":"When the Eretrian captives were brought to Darius  he had them settled in a part of the Cissian country called Anderica    furlongs    miles  from Susa   Herod        c      This is described in more detail in Philostratus  in the life of Apollonius         c","YearBCAD":-489,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3515,"JulPer":4225,"Dating":"3515 AM, 4225 JP, 489 BC"}
{"Index":1096,"EventTxt":"After Darius had spent   years in making greater preparations against Greece than before  in the fourth year the Egyptians revolted   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-487,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3517,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4227,"Dating":"3517d AM, 4227 JP, 487 BC"}
{"Index":1097,"EventTxt":"When Darius was now ready to begin his war against the Egyptians  and Athenians  he was required by the laws of the Persians to name his successor in the kingdom","YearBCAD":-485,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3519,"JulPer":4229,"Dating":"3519 AM, 4229 JP, 485 BC"}
{"Index":1098,"EventTxt":"Artobazanes  whom others call Artemenes  or Ariamenes was his son by Gobryas his daughter  He was born to him before he came to be king and claimed the succession by right of Primogeniture or as the firstborn  Xerxes  who was born after Darius became king by Atossa the daughter of Cyrus who founded the Persian Monarchy  was named to be the next king   Herod        c         There was friendly rivalry between the two brothers  For more on this  see Justin  from Tragus         c      and in Plutarch  in the Life of Artaxerxes and in his Apothigmes and in his treatise on brotherly love","YearBCAD":-485,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3519,"JulPer":4229,"Dating":"3519 AM, 4229 JP, 485 BC"}
{"Index":1099,"EventTxt":"When Darius had declared Xerxes to be the next king  when he was now ready to take his journey  According to Diod  Sic           he was on his way into Greece in the year after the revolt of the Egyptians  Toward the later end of that year he died after he had reigned for a full  years   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-485,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3519,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4229,"Dating":"3519c AM, 4229 JP, 485 BC"}
{"Index":1100,"EventTxt":"After him came Xerxes  the  th king of Persia after Cyrus  He trusted in his riches   as they were indeed exceeding great  and stirred up his own subjects together with all his allies and friends to make war on the Greeks according to the prophecy of Da        In was not his original intention but was put up to it by Mardonius  his first cousin from Alevada  the kings of Thessaly of the family of Pisistratus and by Onomacritus  a Sorcerer of Athens   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-485,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3519,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4229,"Dating":"3519c AM, 4229 JP, 485 BC"}
{"Index":1101,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of the second year of his reign after the death of Darius  Xerxes made an expedition against the rebellious Egyptians  After he had subdued them  he brought them into a harder state of bondage than they had ever felt under his predecessors  He made his brother Achaemenes  the son of Darius  ruler over them   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-484,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3520,"JulPer":4230,"Dating":"3520 AM, 4230 JP, 484 BC"}
{"Index":1102,"EventTxt":"In this year Herodotus  the historian  the son of Lyxus and Eryone was born at Halicarnassius in the province of Caria  He was   years old when the Peloponesian war began   A  Gellius       c      affirms from Pamphyla  At that time  Artemelia  the daughter of Lygdamis of Halycarnassus  after the death of her husband  obtained the tyranny which her husband held  This occurred during the schooling of her young son  whose name was Psindelis  as may be gathered from Suidas  in Herodotus  She ruled over the Halicarnassians  the Coi  the Nisirians and Calydonians  After a while she came into Greece with five good fighting ships to help Xerxes in his war   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-484,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3520,"JulPer":4230,"Dating":"3520 AM, 4230 JP, 484 BC"}
{"Index":1103,"EventTxt":"Xerxes gathered together from all of his empire  Egypt  Phoenicia  Cyprus  Cilicia  Pamphylia  Pisidia  Lycia  Caria  Mysia  Troas  Hellespont  Bithynia and Pontus    ships to meet him at Cuma and Phocaea in Ionia  He set out from Susa with all the troops and cavalry he could muster in the beginning of the  th year of the  th Olympiad  However  Diod  Sic  in the beginning of his    th book   merges the events of these   years into one and states this was done in the first year of the Olympiad  Herodotus   Herod        c      affirms that this preparation took place   whole years before this year but with a note on the previous chapter which cannot be consistent with the exact passing of the time  He says  vv from the subduing of Egypt  he took   years in gathering an army and in making his preparations  In the beginning of the  th year  he began to march with a huge army","YearBCAD":-481,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3523,"JulPer":4233,"Dating":"3523 AM, 4233 JP, 481 BC"}
{"Index":1104,"EventTxt":"He left Susa in the beginning of his  th year  not from the subduing of Egypt but from his becoming king  Hence both Justin from Trogas         c      and Orosius follow Herodotus incorrectly and assign these five years  Julianus in his first Oration of the praises of Constantius  incorrectly says  that Xeres spent ten years preparing  More ingenuous than all these   though he is not overly exquisite in his account  is Labianus  He says that between Darius and Xerxes there was ten years spent in the preparation against Greece  Since we have formerly showed from Plato that from the fight at Marathon to the fight at Salamis which was fought in the first year of the  th Olympiad   almost a full year after Xerxes left Susa   only ten years elapsed","YearBCAD":-481,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3523,"JulPer":4233,"Dating":"3523 AM, 4233 JP, 481 BC"}
{"Index":1105,"EventTxt":"At Critalis in Cappadocia  all Xerxes  forces met  From there he passed over the river Halys and came to Celaena  a city in Phrygia  Here Pythius  a Lydian   Pliny       c     says he was a Bithynian  the son of Atyis entertained him and his whole army in a most magnificent and sumptuous manner  From here  they passed by Anava  a city of Phrygia and Lough where salt was made and he came to Colossae in Phrygia  Here the river Lycus disappears underground  From there he came to a town called Cyndra in Phrygia  then to Lydia and then passed by the river Maeander  He passed the city called Callatebus and he finally arrived at Sardis  From here he dispatched his messengers into Greece to demand of them earth and water  That is he required them to surrender to him   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-481,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3523,"JulPer":4233,"Dating":"3523 AM, 4233 JP, 481 BC"}
{"Index":1106,"EventTxt":"In the mean time  the navy was at Eleus in Chersonesus  From here part of the army dug through the neck of the mount Athos for   furlongs      miles   They and the Bastinadoes were compelled to do this work  The neighbouring inhabitants were compelled to help  Bubares the son of Megabysus and Artachaeus the son of Artaeus  both Persians were appointed to oversee the work  When that neck of land was cut through and the sea let in  the channel was wide enough so that two large ships with their oars extended might pass each other without touching   Herod        c        Another part of the army built a bridge of ships over the Hellespont  where the sea from Abydus to the shore  on the other side  is   furlongs  a mile  wide  When the bridge was completed  there arose a fierce storm and destroyed it  Xerxes in a rage caused   stripes to be given to the Hellespont and a pair of shackles to be thrown into the sea to bind and fetter it with  He decapitated those who made the bridge and then employed others to work to make the bridge stronger   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-481,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3523,"JulPer":4233,"Dating":"3523 AM, 4233 JP, 481 BC"}
{"Index":1107,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring  Xerxes with his whole army left Sardis where they spent the winter and marched toward Abydus  As he was starting his journey  the sun stopped shining  There were no clouds and the air was clear  The day was turned into night  At this incredible sign  Pythius the Lyidan was terrified   for it was no natural eclipse as the astronomical tables easily show  and besought the king that of his five sons who were in his army  he would leave his oldest out to be a comfort to him in his old age  In a rage  Xerxes had his oldest son cut in two and his whole army marched between the parts of his body   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524b AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1108,"EventTxt":"Hermotimus  who was an Halicarnaslaean  was the most influential of all the other eunuchs with Xerxes  When he came into the country of Atarne  in the province of Mysia  he sent for Panionius of the Isle of Chios  He was a slave trader and a eunuch also  His wife and children came with him  He made the father castrate his sons and then had them do the same to their father  Thus Hermotimus was avenged of the wrong done to him   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524b AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1109,"EventTxt":"Xerxes and his army went from Lydia to the River Caiicus and the country of Mysia  From there they came into the country where old Hium or Troy stood  As he slept that night at the foot of the hill Ida  there arose a terrible thunder storm which killed many in his army  After this they came to the River Scamander which they drained dry  It was not able to satisfy the men and animals with water  When Xerxes was there  he went up to see the old habitation of king Priame  There he sacrificed to Minerva of Troy    oxen  The Magi that attended him offered cakes to the nobles  After this a panic fell on his army at night and he left there in the morning as soon as it was light and came to Abydus   Heriod        c           Here Xerxes took a fancy to see all his army at once  Therefore he had a luxurious hall built of fair white stone and he sat in the hall  From there he could see his navy at sea and all his army  He wanted to see a sea battle too  After that battle was done  the Phoenicians won the prize  The king took great pleasure in the battle and in the number of his men  He looked at all the sea of Hellespont covered with his ships and all the shores and plains about Abydus with his soldiers  When he considered the shortness of man s life and that none of all these men would be alive after   years  he wept   Herod        c         Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524b AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1111,"EventTxt":"Xerxes sent his Uncle Arcabanus to be viceroy at Susa and there to take care of his house and the kingdom  He prepared to enter Europe  As soon as the sun was up  he held a golden vial in his hand over the sea  He prayed to the sun that nothing might hinder him in the conquest of Europe  till he had gone to its utmost bounds  When he had said this  he flung both the vial and a golden goblet and a Persian cimitre into the sea  When this was done  he sent his cavalry and foot soldiers to pass over the bridge on the right hand which was toward Pontus  On the left hand which was toward the Aegean Sea  he made all the bag and baggage  servants and carriages to pass over  It took a whole week to cross over  When all this was done  the navy sailed from the Hellspont west to a place called Sarpedon s cape  His army passed through Chersonesus to Agora and turned aside to a place called the Black Bay the mouth of the Black River  It was not able to supply enough water for all his army to drink  When they passed this river  the army marched west to Doriscus  This is the name of a sea coast and of a spacious field in the country of Thracia through which the large river Hebrus flows  Here they camped   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1112,"EventTxt":"When the Navy came to this place  they were haled ashore  Xerxes wanted to count all his navy and army  According to Herodotus  his foot soldiers numbered   myriads  or       men   Herod        c     His horses  besides camels and chariots    myriads  or     horses   Herod        c      Among the commanders of his army  he mentions two of Darius  sons born by his queen Artistone   I conceive to have been Esther   The one he calls Arsames was commander of the Ethiopians from the south of Egypt   Herod        c      The other he calls Gobryas who was leader of the Maryandent and Ligyes and Syrians   Herod        c      Diodorus Siculus tallies his foot soldiers at   myriads or     men  less than half of what Herodotus says  Yet the number which Diodorus attributes to the foot soldiers  Cresias assigns to the whole army of all types  viz    myriads besides the chariots  Isocrates in his Paenathenaica says that in his army of foot soldiers was   myriads or     men  Elian        c      of his Various History assigns this to the whole army  Pliny counts them at     men        c     and calls Xerxes  Darius  Justin  from Tragus and Orosius  follow him         c      and state that Xerxes had of his own subjects      men and     auxiliaries from his friends  Emilius Probus  in the life of Themistocles  says  that his foot soldiers were     men and his cavalry         His naval force had   ships of which the Phoenicians supplied him with   including the ones sent by the Syrians in Palestine   Herod        c      By Palestine he meant all the sea coast of Syria as far as Egypt   Herod        c      In another place he states it had in old times been Syria Palestine  Herod        c      and that its inhabitants were all circumcised   Herod        c      The Jews were also part of the Persian Empire  Josephus states that some of his countrymen were in this army against the Greeks  To prove this  he cites those verses of the poet   Choerilus        cont  Apion   His camp a nation strange to see  did follow  Who spoke the language of Phoen  And did the hills of Solymi inhabit  Near to a broad lake which on them doth border  Whose heads were rounded and on their bald crowns  Of a horse head the dried skin did wear     By this  the learned Salmasius also thinks that the Jews were meant in his Linguae Hellenistacae Ossilegio  Although Scaliger   In notes suis ad fragmenta  and Cunaeus         De Rep  Hebra  c      and that most learned Bochartus  in Geogra  Sacra Par           c      takes them to be the Soylmi in Pisidia     Besides these fighting ships  Herodotus tells us that he had   cargo ships  some of   oars  others of   oars a piece  besides smaller vessels and ships to carry horses for a total of","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":3000,"EventTxt":"Herod        c      Diodor  Sic  says  there were more than   fighting ships  for carrying horses    and   cargo ships of   oars a piece  The Poet Eschyius in Persia brings in a messenger reporting the number of those ships in this manner  I know that Xerxes ships a thousand   But full two hundred and seven ships he had  Exceeding swift ones  So the fame doth go     Whether he means that the total sum of them was a   and so the   swift ships was part of the total or whether both sums added together to give    If so this agrees best with the particular catalogue of the ships which every nation contributed to this expedition as mentioned by Herodotus  It is not clear from the poetry what the exact total should be  Ctesias seems to favour the former opinion and so does Tully in the first of his Orations against Verres  Iscocrates in his Panegyric and Panathenaic Orations  agrees with the latter  Lysius in his Epitaph  says there were about   ships  plus   cargo ships  Justin must be wrong when he says there were       ships  Herodotus determines that about     troops were in the   ships which came from Asia in this way  He has   men in every hold plus   passengers from the Persians  Medes and Sacaeans for a total of     passengers  In the   cargo ships he places     men and average of about   per ship  So the whole navy consisted of     men  The number of the army was       foot soldiers and     cavalry  The Arabians who had charge of the camels and the Libyans who tended the wagons totalled about      The total number in Xerxes  forces would be       plus horses  boys and other servants and besides those who supplied the camp with food   Herod        c         Xerxes marched from Doriscus into Greece  As he came to any country  he conscripted all who were fit for fighting   Herod        c      He added   ships to his navy and added   more troops per ship for a total increase of the naval forces by     men  Herodotus thinks that his army increased   myriads  or      Diod  Sic  thinks the increase was less than      So the total of Xerxes  army in European and Asiatic soldiers amounted to       men  He thinks that the number of boys keeping the horses  servants and sailors in the cargo ships and others  was greater than the number of soldiers  So that if that former sum should be but doubled  the number of those which Xerxes carried by sea to Sepias and by land to Thermopylae would come to       men  This does not include the women cooks and eunuchs for no man can tell the exact number of them  Neither could he exactly number the horses and other beasts of burden and the Indian dogs with their keepers that followed the nobles in the camp for their pleasure  Hence it is no wonder that so many rivers were exhausted from the thirst of so many people   Herod        c        Juneval states in Statyr     We now believe that many rivers deep  Did fail the Persian army  at a dinner","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1118,"EventTxt":"Therefore the less of a wonder that both Isocrates in his Panothenaic oration and Plutarch in his Parallels report that Xerxes took over       men into Greece     Yet in this huge host  there was not a man as handsome as Xerxes or one that might seem more worthy of that great empire than he   Herod        c      Like Saul among the children of Israel  ISa       so Xerxes might well seem to have been worthy of a crown  Yet  if you speak as a king  says Justin from Tragus  you will find cause to commend his wealth  mentioned before in Da     rather than by his character  of which he states  vv there was such infinite abundance in his kingdom  that when whole rivers failed the multitude of his army  yet his wealth could never be exhausted  As for himself  he was always seen last in the fight and first in the flight  He was fearful when any danger was but puffed up with pride when there was none","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1120,"EventTxt":"Leonidus king of Sparta with an army of   Greeks  interposed himself against him and his whole army of     troops at the pass of Thermopylae in Theslaly  It was called that from the hot springs which were there  In this epitaph by Herodotus we read   Herod        c      Here against three hundred thousand Persians  Four thousand Spartans fought it out and died","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1121,"EventTxt":"For thirty myriads is     which are the number stated by Theodoret         was the size the whole army  Diod  Sic         in this very epitaph  p     in the Greek and Latin edition  For  the   myriads have   myriads  which make      Yet  p      he says  that the whole army consisted of a little less  than   myriads or       troops  When referring to this fight at Thermopylae   p      he says that   men held off   myriads or       troops  Justin relating the same story from Tragus         c      states that   men  broke into the camp of      or as in Orosius      men  Isocrates in his Archidamus says  that   of them went against     Persians  Instead of the   mentioned by Isocrates  Justin and Orosius say it was   and Diodorus     These are those who were left when the rest of the Greeks were sent away  They held out against the Persians to the last man including their Spartan king Leonidas  Of this number    were Spartans  the rest  Thespians and Thebans   Herod        c         They slew     of the enemy   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1122,"EventTxt":"While these things happened at Thermopylae  various naval battles occurred about Artemisium  a cape of Eubaea   Herod        c      Eurybiades  a Lacedemonian  was admiral of the fleet of   ships  besides   others of   oars a piece    were sent by the Athenians and Plataeans   Herod        c      Yet  Isocrates  in his Areopagitical Oration  says that the Athenians supplied only   ships  Emelius Probus states that the whole Greek fleet had   ships and that   of them were from the Athenians  Themistocles  Herodotus  Diodorus and Probus all say this battle was a draw  neither side winning  Isocrates in his Panegyrical Oration and Elian         c     Varia Histor   say the Persians were decisively defeated  The day when this battle was fought  is said by Elian  to have been upon the  th of Thargelion  which was the second month of the spring with the Athenians  This does not agree with Herodotus  who  Herod        c      says  that this was done in the middle of summer after the end of the spring when the Olympiad games were held in spite of all the trouble in Greece   Herod        c      This was the  th Olympiad  Others like Dionysius  Halicarnaslaeus  in his Roman Antiquities          states that it was at that time that Xerxes made war upon the Greeks","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1123,"EventTxt":"Four months after crossing the Hellespont with his army  Xerxes came to Athens  He found it abandoned by all its inhabitants  Callias was the ruler of Athens at this time   Herod        c      In this year  Anaxagoras of Clazomenae  a scholar of Anaximenes the Milesian  at the age of   was made public reader of philosophy in Athens according to Laertius from Demerrius Phalercus in his Catalogue of the   Rulers of Athens  At this time philosophy was first brought from Ionia to Athens  according to Clemens Alexan         strom   who states  vv when Xerxes had taken Athens  he took also a multitude of books  which Pisistratus and the Athenians had there stored  He sent them to Persia  The the rest of the city  except the Acropolis  he burned according to A  Gellius         Noct  Attica","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1124,"EventTxt":"do not agree with him for Herodotus states plainly that all the Acropolis was burn   Herod        c      Likewise states Ctesias  Diod  Sic  further affirms that the temple of Minerva which was undoubtedly in the Acropolis  was destroyed","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524c AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1125,"EventTxt":"The further Xerxes marched into Greece the more nations joined him  The Meleinses  the Dorienses  the Locri  the Baeothians  Caristians  Andrians  Teniaus and various others sent troops  Hence his army and navy were no less at Salamis and Athens than when he first landed at Sepias and came to Thermopylae   Herod        c      The verses of Eschilus mentioned earlier seem also to imply this where he tells us that at the fight at Salamis there were   or  hips of his  Ctesias says that in that fight the Persians had   ships  Plutarch in his discourse  De glor  Athen  i e  of the glory of the Athenians  where he says that the victory of Themistocles at Salamis  was gotten with the loss of a   enemy ships  At the naval battle before Salamis  the Greek fleet was far greater than when they fought at Artemisium  They had   tall ships of war  of which Sparta sent    The Athenians had there    Herod        c             Plutarch agrees with Herodotus about the number of the Athenian ships   Plutarch  in the Life of Themistocles   Herod        c      Diod  Sic          says of the Athenians that they had   ships in the battle  Ischylus says  that the whole number of the Greek ships in the fight before Salamis was but   besides ten others of an extraordinary size  However Ctesias writes that there were   in the Greek fleet  There they lost   ships and the Persian s lost   besides those which were taken with the men in them   Diodor  Sic         Ctesias reports that the Persians lots   ships during that battle  Artemisia  the queen of Halicarnassus  who came to aid Xerxes  was praised by him for her heroic courage   Justin        c      Xerxes on this occasion was heard to say  vv That his men had played the women and the women the men  in that service   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1126,"EventTxt":"Under the leadership of Eurybiades  the Lacedemonian and the sage and prudent counsel and great prowess of Themistocles the Athenian  the Greeks won as big a victory at Salamis as they did at Marathon  Plutarch contradicts himself as to the time when the battle at Salamis was fought  For in the Life of Lysander and in his discourse on the glory of the Athenians  he says it was the  th day of the month Munichon   which is the first of the months of spring with the Athenians   However  in the Life of Camylus  he says it was on the  th day of Boedromian  which was their third month in summer  It is true that in the Bay of Saron  also called the Bay of Salamis  Strabo        between the two islands of Salamis and Igina  there was a night battle at sea between   Lacedemonian ships commanded by Gorgopas and   Athenian ships commanded by Eunomus  This was near Zoster a cape of the isthmus of Attica  In the days of Artarxerxes  Memoir  king of Persia  of which Xenophon  in his fifth book of his history of the Greeks  mentions this  vv In a sea battle made by moon light  Gorgopas took   tall ships of war and drawing them after him carried them away to Egina  The rest of the Athenian fleet fled home to their port of Piraum","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1127,"EventTxt":"It was the  th day of that lunar month among the Athenians  when Gorgopas attacked that small fleet of the Athenians  It happened to be a full moon  which helped the Athenian fleet sail to safety with the loss only of   ships  Therefore the Athenians consecrated that day to Diana and kept it as a holy day to her honour  Hence Plutarch confounded this later sea battle fought at Salamis with that other one fought in the same place against Xerxes in his discourse  Of the Glory of the Athenians  Through error he wrote of it in this manner  vv They consecrated the  th day of the month Muichlon to Diana  because upon that day after the victory won by the Greeks  the Goddess appeared full that night","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1128,"EventTxt":"For that the victory of the Greeks against Xerxes happened about the  th day of Boedromion  Plutarch says in a treatise of his  Of days    quoted by himself in the life of Camillus  It plainly appears in Herodotus that  Herod        c      the main day of that holy day was the  th of the month Boedromion  On this day the mysterious Pomp of Jacchus was openly shown to the people  according to Plutarch in the Life of Camillus  Themistocles prevented his countrymen from pursuing the enemies after their defeat at Salamis when they fled  He said this  vv Now  let us stay in Greece and take care of ourselves and our families and look to the tillage and sowing of our land  since the enemy is expelled from it  When the spring comes  then will we take time to sail into Hellespont and Ionia","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1129,"EventTxt":"Hence concludes the argument that the Persians were vanquished at Salamis not in the beginning of the spring but in the latter end of summer","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1130,"EventTxt":"After the sea battle Xerxes executed certain Phoenicians who were the first that fled and threatened the rest with punishments answerable to their conduct  For fear of this  the Phoenicians returned that day to Atrica  The night after  they sailed to Asia   Diod  Sic        in the  st year of the  th Olympiad   Many other ships  fearing more the rage of the king than the fury of the enemy  slunk away to their homes   Justin      c      Xerxes was terrified by this disaster at sea and committed his sons to Artemesia the queen  She transported them to Ephesus to be with Hermotimus their governor   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1131,"EventTxt":"Cleombrotus of Sparta  the brother of Leonidas who died at Thermopylae  built a wall across the neck of land which is called Isthmus Corinthiacus  This was to stop Xerxes from coming by land into Peloponsus   Herod        c      While he was offering a sacrifice against the Persians  the sun was eclipsed  When this happened  he withdrew his army which was building this fortification and he died shortly after this  He was succeeded by his son Pausanias  as first cousin and tutor of Plistarchus  a child  the son of the dead Leonidas   Herod        c      The Prutenian account tells us of an eclipse of the sun of   digits    of total  at     pm that lasted   minutes on the  nd day of October","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1132,"EventTxt":"To speed Xerxes on his way out of Greece  Themistocles sent a phoney message to him from Salamis that the Greeks planned to send a fleet of ships to Hellespont to destroy his bridge  When he heard this  he made all speed to get out of Europe into Asia   Herod        c       Diod  Sic        in the  st year of the  th Olympiad and Plut  in the Life of Themistosles","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1133,"EventTxt":"Xerxes resolved to leave  He sent his fleet from Phalerus to Hellespont to guard the bridge  He and Mardomius and his army marched speedily towards Thessalie   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1134,"EventTxt":"When Mardonius came with Xerxes into Thessalie  he chose from all his army      men  These he kept with him to continue the conquest of Greece  Because the year was far spent  he wintered in Thessalia   Herod        c        Justin from Tragus         c      and Plutarch in the Life of Aristides agree with Herododus  However  Diod  Sic  states that there remained with him at least     troops","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1135,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the Lacedemonians by the command of the Oracle at Delphi  sent a herald to Xerxes to require reparation from him for the death of their king Leonidas  He answered that Mardonius should pay them their due  After this  he left Mardonius in Thessalie and hurried to the Hellespont  He took a large number of troops for his guard  The rest he left to be brought after him by Hydarnes   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1136,"EventTxt":"The army which he left behind with Mardonius was first hit by famine then a pestilence  So many died that the highways lay strewn with the dead carcases of them  Both birds and beasts of prey followed the army by the smell whereever they went   Herod        c       Justin       c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1137,"EventTxt":"In Asia  the Archaeanactidae held the kingdom of Bosphorus Cimmerius for   years  Diod  Sic         in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad  These had their beginning from Archaeanacres of Mitylene whom are said to have built Sigaeum with the stones dug from the ruins of Troy   Strabo","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3524,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3524d AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1138,"EventTxt":"After   days  Xerxes came to the Hellespont   Herod        c      Emil  Probus states it was less time than that in his Life of Themistocles  He says  vv that upon the way that he took six months in going into Europe  on the same way out  he spent less than   days returning to Asia","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1139,"EventTxt":"When Xerxes found his bridge smashed by the winter storms  out of fear he crossed in a small fishing boat  vv And truly it was a thing worth the sight and a rare example of human frailty and change of things in this world to see him lie sulking in a small boat  A little before the whole sea seemed too little to contain him  He was destitute of a page to wait upon him whose army the very earth seemed to groan for the burden of it   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1140,"EventTxt":"When the army which followed him under the command of Hydarves found the bridge smashed  they crossed over in boats to Abydus  On the other side they found much more food than they had on their way  They gorged themselves with food and with change of water  they died by the score  The rest accompanied Xerxes to Sardis   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1141,"EventTxt":"While Xerxes was on the way to Sardis  he sent Megabyzus to destroy the temple of Delphi  When he desired to be excused  Mattacus an eunuch did the task and returned to Xerxes   Ctesius","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1142,"EventTxt":"When the news came to Susa by the couriers who were sent that Xerxes had taken Athens  the Persians were so happy that they strewed all the streets with myrtle boughs and burnt frankincense in them  They set themselves wholly to sacrificing and feasting  When the news of his defeat at Salamis came  their attitude changed so that every man rent his garments and filled all places with howlings and lamentations   Herod        c      Ischylus described this turn of affairs in his Life in Persia","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1143,"EventTxt":"When the remaining fleet and sailors had ferried the army from Chersonesus to Abydus  they wintered at Cuma in Eolia   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1144,"EventTxt":"Artabazus the son of Pharnabazus accompanied Xerxes with     soldiers to Hellespont  When he saw that he was safely landed in Asia  he returned and stayed near Pallene after Mardonius had wintered in Macedonia and Thessalia and had not looked after the rest of the army  While Artabazus stayed there  he found that the city of Pntidea with Pallene revolted from Persia and Olynthus was planning to  He besieged Potidea and Olynthus  When he captured Olynthus and killed all its Pottiean inhabitants  he put Critobulus of Torona  a Chalcedonian  in charge of the place   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-480,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4234,"Dating":"3525a AM, 4234 JP, 480 BC"}
{"Index":1145,"EventTxt":"When the Persians besieged Potidea for   months  a huge tide of the sea broke in upon them over their trenches forcing them to lift the seige  Many perished in that flood  When others fought to swim to safety  the Potideans went in boats and knocked them on the head  Those that escaped  Artabazus took with him into Thessalia to Mardonius   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525 AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1146,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of spring  the rest of the Persian fleet which had wintered at Cuma  sailed to the Isle of Samos where others of their navy had wintered  The largest part of this navy were Persian and Median sailors  They were joined shortly after by certain commanders  Mardoutes Fitz Bargeus and Attanites Fitz Artacheus  They staying there with   ships to keep all of Ionia from revolting  This number includes the Ionians that were with them under their command   Herod        c      However  Diodorus says that there were no less than   ships at Samos which awaited any Ionian revolt in this a year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525b AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1147,"EventTxt":"The Greek fleet consisted of     ships under two commanders  Leotychides king of the Spartans and Xanthippus an Athenian  They sailed to Egina where messengers came to them from Ionia begging them to immediately come and relieve them in Ionia  After a while they sailed as far as to Delos   Herod        c        However  Diodorus tells us  that after thay stayed some days at Egina  they sailed to Delos with   ships","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525b AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1148,"EventTxt":"Xerxes is said to have built both a palace and a citadel at Celene in Phrygia   Xen  in his Expedition of Cyrus","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525c AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1149,"EventTxt":"Mardonius with his army came to Athens which was not yet reinhabited ten months after it was first taken by Xerxes  Whatever Xerxes left standing  he destroyed and burnt down  From there he marched into the country of Megare  which was the farthest place west that the Persians went in Greece   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525c AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1150,"EventTxt":"While the Greek fleet stayed at Delos  messengers came to them from Samos  asking their help for themselves and the rest of the Greeks who lived in Asia  against the Persians  At a council of war  Leotychides the king of Sparta resolved to liberate all the Greek cities from the Persians  They entered into a league with the Samians who came with their whole fleet to Samos and stayed near the Temple of Juno  They prepared for a naval battle against the Persians   Herod        c         Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1151,"EventTxt":"When the commanders of the Persian navy stayed at Samos  they heard that the Greeks were coming against them  Knowing they were no match for them in a naval battle  they allowed the Phoenician ships to sail off  The rest sailed to Micale  which is a cape in Ionia where the army was  It was left there by Xerxes to keep Ionia under submission    men were under the command of Tigranes who was the tallest and most handsome man of all the Persians  Near to the temple of Ceres of Eleusis  they drew up their ships and enclosed them with a rampart which they fortified with stones and stakes and anything else they could find there   Herod        c        They sent to Sardis and the other neighbouring places for more soldiers  With these reinforcements  they had     troops  They prepared for a battle   Diod","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1152,"EventTxt":"In an engagement of cavalry between the Greeks and Persians near Erythrae in Beotia  the Persian commander Masistius was killed by the Greeks  The Greeks called him Macisias  Great lamentations were made by the Persians when he died   Herod        c         and Plutarch  in the Life of Aristide","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1153,"EventTxt":"The Greeks under the command of Pausanias the son of Cleombrotus  routed the Persian army of     at Platea according to Ctesias  Emil  Probus  in his Pausanias  says there were     soldiers and     cavalry  Plutarch in the life of Aristides affirms  that there were no fewer than     men  To this     Herodotus adds also  about     Greek mercenaries hired by Mardonius   Herod        c      Diodorus Siculus  to the  th Olympiad  says  that Mardonius had besides the troops left by Xerxes  also from Thracia and Macedonia and other allies over     soldiers  In total he had over     in his army  Herodotus and Plutarch affirm that the Athenians had at least   men  The entire Greek army numbered     men according to Diodorus Siculus  Trogus  Pompelus and Orosius or     according to Herodotus   Herod        c      Plutarch says the Greeks lost   men in the battle   Plutarch  in the Life of Aristides  Diod  Sic  says they lost     men","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1154,"EventTxt":"The Persian general of the entire army  Mardonius the son in law   not of Xerxes  as Imil  Probus  in the life of Pausanias  of Darius who was father to Xerxes   as I showed before in the note on   AM  was slain in this battle  He was hit by a stone flung at him by Aimnestus or Arimnestus  a man of Sparta   Herod     I e       Plutarch in the life of Aristides   Pausanias         Ctesias was incorrect when he said that he was only hurt and so escaped for a time  Later he was killed in a hail storm when he was destroying the temple of Apollo  However  Justin from Trogus and from Justin Orosius states that Mardonius  accompanied with a very small company escaped from there as from a shipwreck","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1155,"EventTxt":"When the Persian army lost their general  they fled to a fortress of theirs made of wood  The Greeks overcame it and killed over     of them   Diodorus Siculus   So that of the     of them  there were not left   men in addition to the   who fled with Artabazus   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1156,"EventTxt":"Leotychides  who commanded the Greek navy came to Mycale to liberate the Ionians from the Persians  With his own army and their help  he obtained there a most memorable victory  He slew over     Persians besides Mardontes the Persian naval commander and Tigranes the general of the army  The two other commanders of their fleet  Artayntes and Ithramitres fled  The rest that escaped fled to the tops of the cape of Mycale   Herod        c          Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1157,"EventTxt":"Both these fights happened near to the two temples of Ceres of Elensis on the same day of the same month  The one battle was at Platea in Europe  early in the morning and the other at Mycale in Asia later in the afternoon  The news spread swiftly far and wide that in a few hours the news of the victory at Platea came to Mycale the same day before the battle   Herod        c          Justin       c      However  Diod  Sic  thinks  and that more probably  that Leotychides heard nothing at all of what was done at Platea but cunningly spread such a rumour among his soldiers to encourage them  The day of these two battles  Elim  Var  Hist        c      says  was the  th of the month Thargeleon  the  nd month in the spring with the Athenians  Plutarch with more wisdom says it was in the month Boedromion which was the  rd month in summer  It was either on the  rd day of it  in the life of Camillius and in his discourse of the glory of the Athenians   or on the  th   the Life of Aristides  This battle at Micale happened in the second year after Xerxes  first entering into Greece   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1158,"EventTxt":"At this time all Ionia revolted from the Persians   Herod        c      together with the Eolians and their bordering Islands   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1159,"EventTxt":"The Greeks completely burned the Persian ships and camps  They returned to the Isle of Samos and consulted together on how to move the Ionian nation out of Asia  Diod  says they planned to move the Eolians to Greece too since they were exposed to the danger of the Persian cruelty  The Athenians feared that the Ionians  who were now an independent colony would intermix with the rest of Greece  They opposed this plan since the Ionians were also Greeks  they could count on Greece for help against the Persians  They desired that the Ionians remain in Asia   Herod        c     Diod        in  nd year of  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1160,"EventTxt":"They of Greece entered into a league with those of Samos  Chios  Lesobs and the other islands who had joined in this war against the Persians  They confirmed this with a solemn oath to last for ever  They sailed in a group towards Hellespont and on their way came to anchor first at a cape called Lectium  When an opposing wind changed to a favourable one  they passed on to Abydus  When they found the bridges there already broken down which they intended to destroy  Leotychides with his men of Peloponesus returned home  The Athenians under Xanthippus and  as Thucidides says  with their allies from Ionia and Hellespont who had revolted against the Persians  journeyed from Abydus to Chersonesus and there besieged Sestos  Artayctes  a Persian  was a wicked man whom Xerxes had made governor of that province  The town was surrounded by the strongest wall of any other towns in the area  Ocbasus a Persian  who had stored the cables used in the construction of the bridges at Cardia  left that place and came to Sestos also   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1161,"EventTxt":"Artabuzus the son of Pharnaces  with   men who fled from the battle at Plataea  travelled quickly through the countries of Phocis  Thessalie  and Macedonia  to Thracia  They took the shortest overland route to Byzantium  Many men were left behind in his march  Some were killed by the Thracians  some of hunger and some from the journey  When he arrived at Byzantium  he crossed over to Asia by ship   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1162,"EventTxt":"Those who had saved thmselves in the top of the rock at the cape of Micale  retreated to Sardis where Xerxes still was  On that journey Masystes  one of the sons of Darius Hystaspes  had charged Artayntes one of the chief commanders of the fleet at Mycale with cowardess  When Artayntes attacked him with his sword  Xenagoras of Halicarnassus stepped in and stopped the fight and saved Masystes from that attack  For so saving Xerxes  brother s life  he was made governor of Cilicia   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1163,"EventTxt":"While Xerxes spent his time at Sardis  he there fell in love with his brother Masystes  wife  When he could not seduce her  he married her daughter Artaynta to his own son Darius hoping to get his will of her the more easily by this act  When the wedding was over  he returned to Susa   Herod        c      leaving part of his army at Sardis to continue the war against the Greeks   Diod  Sic  In  nd year of  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-479,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3525,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4235,"Dating":"3525d AM, 4235 JP, 479 BC"}
{"Index":1164,"EventTxt":"In his flight  Xerxes burnt the Oracle of Apollo Didymeus  in Branchis  as he did all the other temples in Asia except at Ephesus  After those of Branchis handed over the treasury of their god  they all went along with him  fearing that if they stayed behind  they would have been punished for sacrilege and treason   Strabo        with Solinus c      Herodotus says that Xerxes left Sardis and went to Susa but Diodorus says he went to Ecbatane  Ctesias writes that he went from Babylon to Persia  Arrian in his book of Alexanders  Acts  affirms that after he came to Babylon  he demolished the temple of Belus and all other consecrated places including the Sepulchre of Belus  Strabo         says that he took away the statue of Belus made of solid gold twelve cubits high  When the priests opposed it and would not allow it to be removed  he slew them   Herod     I e","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1165,"EventTxt":"While the Athenians besieged Sestos  the autumn was approaching and they had still not taken it and planned to abandon the seige  However  the people within were so driven with famine that they were boiling their bedcords for food  Artayctes and Oebasus with many of the Persians climbed over the walls by night and fled  When the inhabitants knew this early the next morning  they surrendered to the Athenians   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1166,"EventTxt":"A great number of prisoners were taken at Sestos and Byzantium by the Athenians and their confederates in the army  The confederates of their own accord  offered to refer the division of the prey to Cimon  a young Athenian gentleman  He set all the persons on the one hand and all the clothes and ornaments which they wore on the other  He gave them first choice saying the Athenians would take what was left  Herophytus of Samos persuded them to take the clothes and ornaments instead of the people  Later  the friends and kinsmen of the prisoners  came from Phrygia and Lydia and redeemed those prisoners at a high price  With the money  Cimon maintained the fleet four whole months and brought much silver and gold into the treasury at Athens  This act gave him a reputation of wisdom with the Athenians  They received so much money by the bargain  they laughed at their fellows who had formerly laughed at them   Plutarch in the Life of Cimon and Polyanus        Straug","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1167,"EventTxt":"When Oebasus had escaped into Thracia  the Thracians  called Absynthii  captured him and sacrificed him to their god Plestorus  His companions were killed by various ways  Artayntes and his followers were captured at Egos Potamus and carried prisoner to Sestos  By the sea side  where Xerxes had made his bridge  or as others say  on a hill near the city Madytus  there they set up gibbets and hung them there after they stoned his own son to death before his eyes  When this was done  the Athenians returned into Greece  In addition to the money  they took the cables and ornaments of the bridges  which were made over the Hellespont  They planned to hang them as trophies in their temples   Herod        c          Xanthippus left a garrison in Sestos and dismissed all strangers  He with his own companies returned to Athens  So the war of the Medes  as they call it  came to an end after it had lasted a full two years   Diod  Sic        in the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1168,"EventTxt":"Bagapates the eunuch died after he had sat by the tomb of Darius for   years   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1169,"EventTxt":"Megabysus accused his wife Amyris  Xerxes  daughter  of adultery  She very sharply blamed his daughter for it   Ctesias  All the while  he committed both adultery and incest  Xerxes turned his lewd affection from his brother Masystes  wife  to their daughter Artaynta  whom he had now made his own daughter in law  He lay with her continually at Susa   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-478,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3526,"JulPer":4236,"Dating":"3526 AM, 4236 JP, 478 BC"}
{"Index":1170,"EventTxt":"Pausanias the son of Cleombrotus was sent as general of the Greeks from Lacedemonia to free the Greek cities that were still held by the the Persians  He had   ships from Peloponesus and   more from Athens  Diodor  says   ships  commanded by Aristides  They sailed to Cyprus and liberated many cities held by Persians   Thucid        Diodor  Sic  in the  th year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-477,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3527,"JulPer":4237,"Dating":"3527 AM, 4237 JP, 477 BC"}
{"Index":1171,"EventTxt":"When Xerxes was celebrating his coronation day  he gave his queen Ametris any wish she wanted  She asked for Masystes  wife  Xerxes brother  She had her breasts  nose  ears  lips and tongue cut off and so sent her home again  Masystes conspired with his own children to steal away to the province of Bactria  He wanted to make himself governor and incite Bactria and the Saca to rebel against the king  He was intercepted on the way by Xerxes  soldiers and he  his children and all that were in his company were killed   Herod        c        The governmant of Bactria was given to Hystaspes  the son of Xerxes   Diod  Sic  in the  th year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-477,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3527,"JulPer":4237,"Dating":"3527 AM, 4237 JP, 477 BC"}
{"Index":1172,"EventTxt":"When Pausanias returned from Cyprus  he captured Byzantium  On his own authority  he sent the Persians whom he had captured  some were close friends and kinsmen of Xerxes  home safely to Xerxes  He let on that they had escaped  All this business was negotiated by Gongylus an Eretrian  He also used him to carry letters to Xerxes that expressed his desire to marry Xerxes  daughter  In return he promised to bring Sparta and all Greece  under his subjection  Xerxes was glad for this news  He replied to him by Artabazus the son of Pharnaces  He said it would be easier to communicate his counsels with Pausanias when they were closer  Therefore he gave him the government of the province of Daseylis and recalled Magabates who was governor there before  With these hopes  Pausanias grew more insolent than before and began to live like a Persian and behaved imperiosly towards those who were in league with that state  Most of them  especially the Ionians and others who had been recenty liberated from their slavery under the Persians  defected to the Athenians and desired to serve under them   Thucid","YearBCAD":-476,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3528,"JulPer":4238,"Dating":"3528 AM, 4238 JP, 476 BC"}
{"Index":1173,"EventTxt":"When Pausanias was accused by the Spartans  he was recalled from Byzantium  He was found guilty and condemned for some small misdemeanours but acquitted of treason against the state  Nevertheless  he was removed from the government of Hellespont  On his own without asking permission he hired a ship under the pretence of aiding in the war effort for the Greeks in those parts  He wanted to advance his own interests with Xerxes  When the Athenians would not allow him to stay in Byzantium  he returned not to Sparta but stayed at Colonae in Troas  He was again accused at Sparta that he consorted with the Persians and that he was up to no good while he was in those parts  When he was accused at Sparta  he was sent for again by the Ephori  When he arrived  they threw him into prison but after a hearing he was acquitted again   Thucid","YearBCAD":-475,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3529,"JulPer":4239,"Dating":"3529 AM, 4239 JP, 475 BC"}
{"Index":1174,"EventTxt":"In Greece because of the hatred to Pausanias  the common dislike of the Lacedemonians was transferred to the Athenians  Under a pretence of revenging the wrong done to the various countries by the common enemy  the Athenians made a tax of money and ships that each city should contribute against the Persians  The cities in Greece and the Greek cites in Asia readily agreed to this for the common safety of all  The first tax amounted to    not as Diodorus has it     talents  It was stored in the Isle of Delos which was the common treasury of all Greece   Thucid        Diod        Justin       c     Plutarch and Emil  Probus  in the life of Aristides","YearBCAD":-474,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3530,"JulPer":4240,"Dating":"3530 AM, 4240 JP, 474 BC"}
{"Index":1175,"EventTxt":"When Pausanias was exposed by Argilius  his homosexual lover  to whom he had committed his last letters to be sent to Artabazus  the Ephori starved him to death   Thusic        Diod        Emil  Prob  in the Life of Pausanias","YearBCAD":-474,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3530,"JulPer":4240,"Dating":"3530 AM, 4240 JP, 474 BC"}
{"Index":1176,"EventTxt":"Artabazus  an Hyrcanian  was captain of the guard and was most trusted and had more authority with Xerxes  as his father Artasyras had previously with Darius  He conspired with Mithridares an eunuch  chamberlain to the king   Cresias calls him Spamitres of Aspamiters  who was his close friend and kinsman  He was let into the bedchamber with his seven young robust sons at night and they slew Xerxes as he lay in his bed  In the middle of the night they went speedily to Artaxerxes and told him that Darius   who was the eldest of the three sons of Xerxes  had killed his father so he would be king sooner   Elian        c     relates this as if it were indeed the truth  By this lie  he persuaded Artaxerxes to have the king s guard kill his brother Darius   Ctesias  Diod  Justin       c","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1177,"EventTxt":"By Artabanus  plot  Artaxerxes was the next king   Ctesias  He was a man of a mild disposition and full of magnanimity to all  He was surnamed Longimanus because his right hand was longer than his left   Plutarch in the beginning of the life of Artaxerxes   The   first months of his reign are attributed to Artabanus   Euseb  in his Chron   It seems for that period of time  he ruled all things in Artaxerxes  name  Diodorus intimates that Artabanus was presently executed for his murder of Xerxes and Darius  Yet there was some time elapsed before this happened as appears by the more complete accounts of this by Ctesias and Justin","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1178,"EventTxt":"Themistocles of Athens was suspected of the conspiracy with Pausanias for the betraying of Greece into the hands of the Persians  They searched for him and had they found him they would have killed him  Therefore he fled from Greece and came to Pydna  a town beside the Thermaic Bay of Macedonia  There he found a merchant ship going into Ionia and went aboard  A tempest carried the ship into the middle of the Athenian forces which besieged Naxos  The captain of the ship who was well paid by Themistocles  lay a whole night and a day at anchor beyond the Athenian fleet  When the tempest was over  he came safely to Ephesus   Thucid        Emil  Prob  in the life of Themistocles  Polyan        Stratag   Plutarch reports that he came to Cuma and found many sea captains wanting to capture him  especially Ergoteles and Theodoras  Xerxes had promised   talents to whoever would bring him his head  Therefore  he quietly left the area and came to a little town called Etas in Eolia  He hid for a few days in the house of one Nicogenes  a very wealthy man in those parts who was very familiar with several of the king s most trusted attendants  Diodorus calls him Lysitheis and says further  that he was a man of so very great wealth that when Xerxes passed that way he feasted both him and all his army in a very magnificent manner  By this good host s means  he was put into a covered wagon  such as the kings and other great men s harlots used among the Persians  He came safely into Persia according to both Plutarch and Thucidides  However  Thucidides only says  that he went the way from the sea side into Persia in the company of a certain Persian  Herodotus tells us that from Ephesus to Sardis is a   day s journey and from there to Susa    months   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1179,"EventTxt":"Artabanus planned to kill Artaxerxes  as he had done to his father and brother  He told his plan to Megabyzus  whom he knew to be unhappy for the jealousy of his wife s supposed unfaithfulness  She was Amytis the sister to Artaxerxes  They swore secrecy to each other  but Megabysus presently went and disclosed the matter to the king who put Artabanus to death  Then also came to light  his hand in the death of Xerxes and his son Darius  Aspamitres  or Spamitres the eunuch  who was involved with him in this  was cruelly executed by certain racks and other engines in a boat   This is described more fully by Plutarch  in the life of Artaxerxes   Ctesias   For Megabysus  Justin puts Becabasus  as consort with Artabanus in this plot and sets out the manner of Artabanus  death thusly  vv Artaxerxes  fearing the number of Artabanus  children  commanded all the army to be ready in the field the next day  He planned to review his troops  the number of them and also how every man could stand to his arms  When Artbanus was there present in his armour  Artaxerxes said  that his own armour was a little short for him and that he would change with Artabanus  When Artabanus at the command of the king  had taken off his armour  Artaxerxes ran his naked body through with his sword","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1180,"EventTxt":"From the size of his armour  we may learn that Artaxerxes  was not at this time a child as Justin claims  but that he was a man and old enough that the Scripture tells us  that in the  th year of his kingdom  he was a father of several sons  Ezr","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1181,"EventTxt":"After Artabanus  death  there was a battle fought between his friends and the other Persians in which three of his sons were slain  Megabysus on the Persian side was seriously wounded  This grieved Artaxerxes  his sisters  Amytis the wife of Megabysus  wife and Rhodogyne and his mother Amestris  Megabyzus recovered due to the great skill of Apollonis  a doctor from the Isle of Coos  After this Bactria revolted from Artaxerxes and a different Artabanus was made governor there  Between Artabanus and them a field was selected where they parted on even terms   Ctesias  Yet those words in the Greek are ambiguous  For either it may be meant  as I have here expressed it  according to the interpretation of it made by Hen  Stephanus  He says that there was another Artabanus made governor of Bactria instead of the former  or that there was at this time another Artabanus who was governor of that province not the same person whom the king killed  If we take the latter sense  then this revolt of the Bactrians must refer to a later time but if the first  then to the present time  For at this time  Hystaspes  Xerxes  son  was governor of Bactria according to Diodor  Sic  He was the middle brother between Darius and Artaxerxes according to Ctesias  It seems reasonable that when Hystaspes saw his younger brother Artaxerxes preferred before him in the kingdom  he would incite not only the Bactrians whom he governed but also all his other friends  to recover his right of the kingdom","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1182,"EventTxt":"Eusebius in his Chron  notes  that in the  th year of this  th Olympiad   upon which we now are  Themistocles fled to the Persians  This agrees with the account of Thucidides  He places the coming of Themistocles to Artaxerxes  between the siege of Naxos and that famous victory over the Persians at the mouth of the river Eurymedon by Cimon the Athenian  He makes the beginning of the reign of Artaxerxes to happen at the same time for he says that Themistocles sent letters to Artaxerxes when he was recently crowned king  He desired his favour and offered him his service against the Greeks  From this we may fully discern that the true beginning of Artaxerxes  reign was almost a full nine years earlier than it is commonly said to have been   Since this was written in   new evidence has been found confirming Ussher s date  vv The date commonly given for this is B C    but Ussher gave    and Hengstenberg and others contend that this is the true date  Hengstenberg shows in his Christiology how the mistake arose  Vitringa rectified the date  and Kriiger  by independent enquiry  also proved the old date was wrong  Some hieroglyphic inscriptions in Egypt have shown that Artaxerxes was associated with his father in the twelfth year of the reign of Xerxes  and this information confirms the date given by Ussher and others   article Seventy Weeks  p     Concise Bible Dictionary  Bible Truth Publishers    Industrial Road  Addison  Illinois     Ussher correctly identifies the starting date for Artaxerxes reign at   BC  From this we can correctly calculate the start of Daniels   weeks of years  Those who use the date of   BC are forced to bend the Bible to fit with this incorrect date  One of the most common methods is to fudge the date of the death of Christ and to assume the that a prophetic year was only   days long  Nowhere does the Bible state this and at no time in recorded history did any people use a year of exactly   days  This is merely another attempt to bend the Bible to fit the opinions of men  The start of Artaxerxes reign is confirmed by three authorities  the Bible  Eusebius in his Chronicles and by Thucidides who was born about   years after this time  A threefold cord is not easily broken  Editor","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1183,"EventTxt":"Plutarch from Phanias reports that Themistocles was brought into Artaxerxes favour by Artabanus  a colonel  According to Eratosthenes  he obtained this favour from the colonel by the means of his harlot who was from Eretria  He does not explain which Artabanus this was  whether he was the one slain by Artaxerxes or that Artabanus that Xerxes entrusted government of his kingdom   years earlier when he went to Greece  For if he meant the first  then Themistocles must have come to Artaxerxes within the first   months of being crowned king according to Euseb  If someone else then the time he came to the king might have happened in any other month of that year  This would agree well with Thucidides  where he says  he was brought to Artaxerxes  when he was newly crowned king","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1184,"EventTxt":"If was the right of the office of the colonel or chiliarch  being the second officer in the kingdom  to bring those who were to be admitted into the presence of the king   Emilius Probus  in the life of Conon   Elian          Vartius Histor  c","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1185,"EventTxt":"When Themistocles was thus graciously received by the king  a new danger presented itself  Mandane a daughter of Darius Hystaspes  lost all her children in the naval battle before Salamis  She sought revenge upon Themistocles for this  When she could not prevail with the king  or her friends and great men in the court  she stirred up the common people  When they all rushed into the court  Artaxerxes told them fairly  that he would refer the whole matter to the judgment of his lords  So by appointing a time for a hearing  he saved Themistocles from the people s hands   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-473,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3531,"JulPer":4241,"Dating":"3531 AM, 4241 JP, 473 BC"}
{"Index":1186,"EventTxt":"In the second battle  a strong wind in their favour helped the Persians defeat and again subject the Bactrians to Artaxerxes   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1187,"EventTxt":"Themistocles spent a whole year in learning the Persian language  laws and customs of the country  When he came to trial  he cleared himself of all the charges and endeared himself to the king as no other Greek had done before him  Artaxerxes took him on hunting trips and had him attend his private delights and recreations at home  He was admitted to the presence of Amestris the king s mother and conversed familiarly with her  He bestowed on him also  a Persian wife of noble parentage  excellent for beauty  and goodness of disposition  He had servants to wait on him and cupboards of dishes of all sorts and all other things  These were for his needs and entertainment   Thucidides        Diodorus Siculus        Plutarch in the Life of Themistocles","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1188,"EventTxt":"When Demaratus the Lacedemonian  who returned from Greece with Xerxes  displeased the king greatly when he rode into Sardis in his chariot wearing his turban upright on his head in a way reserved only for kings  Themistocles interceded for him and Artaxerxes wrath was pacified so that they became friends again   Plutarch in Them  with Seneca       de Benesi c","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1189,"EventTxt":"When Themistocles was made governor of the province of Magnesia  he returned into Asia   Thucid","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1190,"EventTxt":"On his return  he escaped an ambush planned by Epyxius  a Persian governor of the Upper Phrygia and the Pisidians  He was warned in a dream of it by Dinaymena  the mother of the gods when he was resting at noon  As a memorial  he built her a temple at Magnesia and made his own daughter Muesiptolema to be a consecrated priestess to her   Plutarch in Themistocles  Some say it was his wife   Strabo","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1191,"EventTxt":"So that Themistocles might appear in Asia with the greater honour  the king gave him besides the government of the province of Magnesia  the very city of Magnesia on the Meander River  This city paid the king yearly fifty talents  This paid the food for his table  Lampsacus in Hellespont supplied him with money to buy him wine for his meal  Myus  at the mouth of Meander paid for his second course  Neanthes Cyzioenus and Phanias and Atheneus         c      listed two more cities in the country of Troas  that is Percotes and Palescepsis to supply him with clothes and carpets   Thucid     Diod        Plut  and Emil  Prob  in the life of Themistocles","YearBCAD":-472,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3532,"JulPer":4242,"Dating":"3532 AM, 4242 JP, 472 BC"}
{"Index":1192,"EventTxt":"Cimon the son of Miltiades  who was general in the battle at Marathon  was now made general by the Athenians against the Persians  He set out from the Pyreum at Athens with   fighting ships bound for Caria  Ships from Ionia and other parts joined him to increase the size of the fleet to   ships  The coastal towns which were founded by the Greeks revolted from the Persians to him  The rest which were inhabited by the natives of the country and held by the Persian garrisons  he attacked and conquered  When he finished his work in Caria  he sailed into Lycia and did in like manner there  When they submitted to the Athenian government  he demanded ships of them and greatly increased his navy   Diod","YearBCAD":-471,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3533,"JulPer":4243,"Dating":"3533 AM, 4243 JP, 471 BC"}
{"Index":1193,"EventTxt":"The Persians conscripted into the army what men they could from the other dominions of the kings  For naval forces  they sent to the Phoenicians  Cyprians and Cilians  The chief commander of all the Persian fleet was Tithraustes  a bastard son of Xerxes   Diod          Ephorus says that he was admiral of the fleet and Pherendates commander by land  Callisthenes says that Ariomandes the son of Gobryas commanded the army   Plut  in Cimone","YearBCAD":-471,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3533,"JulPer":4243,"Dating":"3533 AM, 4243 JP, 471 BC"}
{"Index":1194,"EventTxt":"After the Athenians had subdued Naxos   Thucidides         they and their confederates under the conduct of their general Cimon  in only one day  defeated the Persians both in a naval battle sea fight not far from the Isle of Cyprus and also in a battle on land at the mouth of the river Eurymedon in Pamphylia  This was in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad   Diod  Sic         He was of the opinion   and so was Justin        in sine   that Xerxes was yet living contrary to what Thucidides states  who of these lived closest to that time  Therefore Eusebius is right when he says this great victory was in the  th year of Artaxerxes  He also notes  vv Cimon obtained this victory by sea and land against the Persians  near the River Eurymedon and so the war with the Medes ended","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1195,"EventTxt":"For from the beginning of Artaxerxes  reign  as we have put it according to Thucidedes  account  his  th year was the same as the  rd year of the  th Olympiad mentioned here by Diodorus  Eusebius puts the first year of his reign with the first year of the  th Olympiad  Hence he must of necessity have placed his  th year with the  th year of the same Olympiad  The best way is to set down this whole matter in the same order as we find it in Diodor and Plutarch  thusly","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1196,"EventTxt":"When Cimon had heard that the king s captains had taken up their station with a great army by land and a fleet by sea in the coast of Pamphylia  he stayed at sea so that they might not come within the Chelidonian Islands  He went with   ships from Cnidus and Triopium to the Greek city of Phaselites  When they would not allow his navy into their port nor defect from the Persians  he burned their country and assaulted their city  Nevertheless  at the intercession of those of Chios  who were in the fleet  peace was made on the condition that they should pay ten talents and follow Cimon in the war against the Persians   Plut  in the life of Cimon","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1197,"EventTxt":"When Cimon understood that the Persian fleet sailed about the coast of Cyprus  he presently set sail towards them with   ships against   of theirs   Diod  Sic   Though Ephorus says that the Persians were   and Phanodemus   strong  Yet these did nothing worthy of so great a navy  They that were next to the land abandoned their ships and fled to land to the army that was arranged in battle array there  The rest were attacked by Cimon  taken and killed   Plutarch  Thucidides says that they took all   of the Phoenician ships and sank them  Emil  Probus  in the life of Cimon  says that he overcame and took all the fleet of the Cyprians and Phoenicians to the number of   ships  Diodorus states that the Athenians sank many of their ships and took   ships with their crew as prisoners  When the soldiers were fled from the ships into Cyprus  they took those ships without any prisoners  These verses recall this victory which the Athenians made and offered to their god  They are found both in Diodorus and also in Aristides  Platonic Oration  For these when soldiers all were killed at land  An hundred ships of the Phoenicians took  All full of men","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1198,"EventTxt":"Plutarch in his little discourse of the Athenian glory  says that Cimon brought from Eurymedon about   Phoenician ships of war  Diodorus affirms that he took not only more than   but also   ships  that is  the whole Persian navy and     men","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1199,"EventTxt":"Cimon was not satisfied with this victory at sea  He attacked the land army of the Persians in Asia which he saw ranged on the shore near the mouth of the river Eurymedon  To better achieve victory  he dressed all his soldiers in the Persian clothes which he had taken  The Persians thought these were their navy and welcomed them  Therefore  Cimon  as soon as it was night   and it was very dark without the moon shining  landed his men  They attacked the enemies camp and killed all they met  Pherendates  one of the two chief commanders and the king s brother s son was killed as he lay in his pavilion  The enemy was soon put to flight   Diodorus  Commenting on this stratagem  Polyenus          mentions but mistakenly says that Cimon landed his men in Cyprus and not in Pamphilia  Likewise does Julius Frontinus  in the end of his  th book  where Conon is found written instead of Cimon","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1200,"EventTxt":"Cimon captured   Phoenician ships near Hydus which were not in the battle nor had even heard of it","YearBCAD":-470,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3534,"JulPer":4244,"Dating":"3534 AM, 4244 JP, 470 BC"}
{"Index":1201,"EventTxt":"Cimon sailed from Athens with   ships and captured   Persian ships in the Chersonese of Thracia  He expelled the Persians and Thracians and took possession of the place for the Athenians  In all Asia from Ionia to Pamphylia  the Persian army was driven out   Plut  in the Life of Cimon   Pericles assumed the leadership of Athens  He set out with   ships and Ephialtes with   more  They sailed beyond the Chelidonian Islands in the sea of Pamphylia  never saw a Persian ship all the way  according to Plutarch from Calisthenes  Isocrates  in his Panathenaic  says  that neither a Persian war ship went closer to Greece than the port Phaselis nor any company of them by land crossed over the river Halys  However  Diod  writes that when the Persians saw the increase of the Athenian power  they started building ships faster than ever","YearBCAD":-469,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3535,"JulPer":4245,"Dating":"3535 AM, 4245 JP, 469 BC"}
{"Index":1202,"EventTxt":"Ezra the priest  a scribe or a lawyer skilled in the law of Moses  obtained permission from Artaxerxes the king and his seven counsellors to resettle the Jewish state and to reform the religion at Jerusalem  By this grant  it was again made lawful for all the willing Jews to return  They could send or carry with them any gold or silver that either the king and his nobles or the Jews would offer to their God  There were also thereby given all sorts of furnishings for the Lord s house  The treasurers beyond the river were ordered to supply them with all other needs from the king s treasury  All who worked in the temple would be free from tribute  All the people were allowed to live according to their own laws  Ezr","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3537,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3537b AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1203,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Artaxerxes  the first day of the first month  Ezra  with a great number of Jews  left Babylon for Israel  Ezr","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3537,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3537c AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1204,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  st month  they left from the river Ahava and on the  th day of the  th month  in the  th year of Artaxerxes  reign  they arrived at Jerusalem  They rested there for   days  Ezr","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3537,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3537d AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1205,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  th month  the gold and silver which they had brought was weighed and with the other furnishings  were put in the house of the Lord  Those who returned offered their sacrifices to God  When this was done  the king s edicts were given to the governors and rulers beyond the river who showed much favour to the people and the house of the Lord","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 8:33-36","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3537,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3537d AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1206,"EventTxt":"When Ezra knew that the Israelites had intermarried with the heathen he mourned and fasted  He publicly made intersession to God  to avert his wrath on them     When many of the people sorrowed for this  Shecaniah advised Ezra to direct the people that they would vow to God to put away their heathen wives and the children whom they had by them  This was done","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ezr 9:1-15\", \"Ezr 10:1-17\")","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3538a AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1207,"EventTxt":"Those who returned from captivity  were ordered to appear at Jerusalem within   days  Those that did not would be punished  Therefore all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered in the court of the temple  on the  th day of the  th month  They trembled over the seriousness of the matter and because of the inclement weather  Ezra commanded every male to separate himself from his heathen wife  This they agreed to and desired that judges might be appointed to see that the orders were followed  Two priests and two Levites were appointed to help carry this out","YearBCAD":-467,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ezr 10:7-15","BibBk1":"Ezr","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4247,"Dating":"3538a AM, 4247 JP, 467 BC"}
{"Index":1208,"EventTxt":"This examination was held from the  st day of the  th month to the  st of the  st month  In two months the matter of the heathen wives was settled  Ezr","YearBCAD":-466,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4248,"Dating":"3538b AM, 4248 JP, 466 BC"}
{"Index":1209,"EventTxt":"Themistocles died a natural death at Magnesia  Others say he poisoned himself voluntarily when he saw that he could not subdue Greece as he had promised the king   Thuc         Cicero says in his Laelius  that he killed himself   years after the death of Coriolan  According to Dionysius Halicarnassaeus  that would be in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad  That year has this note by Eusebius in his Chron  vv Themistocles  whom his own worth had made the conqueror  his own country s wrong made him the general of the Persians  However  so that he might keep himself from attacking it  he appointed a sacrifice at which he drank a bowl full of the bull s blood  Hence he fell as a noble sacrifice of piety  dead before the altar  So memorable was his departure from this life that it had this effect that Greece would never need another Themistocles after him","YearBCAD":-466,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4248,"Dating":"3538d AM, 4248 JP, 466 BC"}
{"Index":1210,"EventTxt":"Concerning his death  Tully in his Burtus  makes Pompo Atticus to state it this way  vv For as you now tell us a tale of Coriolan  so Clitarchus and Stratocles do the same of Themistocles  Thucidides  who was an Athenian of noble rank and an excellent man  lived not long after him  He says only that he died and that he was buried privately in some place in Attica and that there was some suspicion that he poisoned himself  Concerning him these men write that when he had sacrificed a bull  he drank the blood of it in a basin and died in that place","YearBCAD":-466,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4248,"Dating":"3538d AM, 4248 JP, 466 BC"}
{"Index":1211,"EventTxt":"Though indeed before the writing of this History by Thucidides  the Athenians themselves had heard it from Aristophanes  in Equitibus  He wrote this in Athens the  th year of the Peloponesian war  when Stratocles was ruler of Athens  He states that Themistocles died from the drinking of bull s blood","YearBCAD":-466,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3538,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4248,"Dating":"3538d AM, 4248 JP, 466 BC"}
{"Index":1212,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-465,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3540,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4249,"Dating":"3540a AM, 4249 JP, 465 BC"}
{"Index":1213,"EventTxt":"Inaros  the son of Psammericus king of Libya  not a Lydian as Ctesias has it  journeyed from Marca a city bordering on Pharus caused much of Egypt to defect from Artaxerxes  He was proclaimed king by them and sent for the Athenians at Cyprus  These were engaged in a war with   ships  some of their own and the rest from their allies   Thusid","YearBCAD":-460,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3544,"JulPer":4254,"Dating":"3544 AM, 4254 JP, 460 BC"}
{"Index":1214,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes heard of the Egyptian revolt  he gathered an army and a navy from all his dominions  He spared no pains nor cost in doing this   Diodorus Siculus   nd year   th Olympiad  This is   years earlier than the more precise account given by Thucidides","YearBCAD":-460,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3544,"JulPer":4254,"Dating":"3544 AM, 4254 JP, 460 BC"}
{"Index":1215,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes planned to head this army into Egypt but his friends persuaded him otherwise  He sent his brother Achemenes to head that expedition with     soldiers and   ships   Ctesius  Diodorus agrees with him that he sent Achemenes as general in this Egyptian war but he says that he was the son of Darius and Artxerxes was his great uncle and he had only     troops  He means by this that it was Achemenes the son of Darius Hystaspis and Atossa  to whom Xerxes had given the government of Egypt after Xerxes had conquered it   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-460,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3544,"JulPer":4254,"Dating":"3544 AM, 4254 JP, 460 BC"}
{"Index":1216,"EventTxt":"When Achemenes  also called Achemenides  came into Egypt  he refreshed his army at the Nile River after the long march and prepared for battle  Those on the other side gathered what forces they could from Egypt and Libya and waited for the Athenians to arrive   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-459,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3545,"JulPer":4255,"Dating":"3545 AM, 4255 JP, 459 BC"}
{"Index":1217,"EventTxt":"The Athenians came from sea and entering the mouth of the Nile  They quickly made themselves masters of the river   Thucid   Inaros  together with Charamitis  who was admiral of a fleet of   Athenian ships defeated the Persians  Of the   Persian ships  they took   with all their men and sank the other     Ctesias  But Diodorus Siculus tells us  that the entire Athenian fleet of   ships at Cyprus came to Egypt  not   ships only  as Ctesias said","YearBCAD":-459,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3545,"JulPer":4255,"Dating":"3545 AM, 4255 JP, 459 BC"}
{"Index":1218,"EventTxt":"Inaros with his own Egyptian troops and Athenian reinforcements  fought a battle with the Persians on land  By their sheer numbers  the Persians were winning  When the Athenians came and forced their one wing of troops to retire  many Persians were killed  The rest of the Persian army fled and many were slaughtered   Diodor   Of the     men who Achemenes brought into the battle  he and     of his troops were killed  He died of a wound which he received from Inaros  own hand and his body was sent to Artaxerxes   Ctesias  Herodotus mentions  Herod        c           c      that Achamenes a son of Darius and of other Persians were slain by Inaros a Libyan  son of Psammitichus at Papremes","YearBCAD":-459,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3545,"JulPer":4255,"Dating":"3545 AM, 4255 JP, 459 BC"}
{"Index":1219,"EventTxt":"The Athenians routed the Persians and took two thirds of Memphis  They attacked the other part called the White Wall  where the Persians and Medes had fled   Thucid  and Diod","YearBCAD":-459,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3545,"JulPer":4255,"Dating":"3545 AM, 4255 JP, 459 BC"}
{"Index":1220,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes heard of this great defeat  he sent Megabasus a Persian to Sparta with money to pay the Peloponesians to attack the Athenians  He thought that this would draw the Athenians from Egypt  The Lacedemonians would not take his money nor yield to any of his plans  When the king realised this  he called Megabazus home again with the money that was left  He commanded Megabyzus  the son of Zopyrus to make provisions to go to Egypt   Thucid  and Diod   Megabysus was formerly a general in Xerxes  army   Herod        c      He married Xerxes  daughter  Amytis   Ctesias  He was the son of Zopyrus who recovered Babylon for Darius  the son of Hystaspes  according to Herodotus at the very end of his third book","YearBCAD":-458,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3546,"JulPer":4256,"Dating":"3546 AM, 4256 JP, 458 BC"}
{"Index":1221,"EventTxt":"Artabazus and Megabyzus were made commanders for the war in Egypt  They had an army of     troops   Diod   Ctesias says they only had","YearBCAD":-457,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3547,"JulPer":4257,"Dating":"3547 AM, 4257 JP, 457 BC"}
{"Index":1222,"EventTxt":"When they came into Cilicia and Phoenicia  the commanders stayed for a time to allow the army a rest after so long a march  Meanwhile  they ordered the Cilicians  Cyprians and Phoenicians to provide the navy  They of Thrice provided   ships  fully manned and equipped for war   Diod   Oriscus was the admiral of the fleet   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-457,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3547,"JulPer":4257,"Dating":"3547 AM, 4257 JP, 457 BC"}
{"Index":1223,"EventTxt":"They spent almost a whole year in training the troops for war  The Athenians continued to besiege the fort of the White Wall in Memphis  The Persians manfully defended it and the Athenians saw no possibility of taking it by a direct attack  However  they besieged it for all this year   Diod","YearBCAD":-457,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3547,"JulPer":4257,"Dating":"3547 AM, 4257 JP, 457 BC"}
{"Index":1224,"EventTxt":"When the Persian commanders in Asia had trained their troops  they marched from there through Syria and Phoenicia  Their navy of   ships sailed along the coast as they went  When they came to Memphis   Diod   their army of     was joined by     troops left by Achemenes in Egypt  They fought a fierce battle with the Egyptians and many died on each side  More Egyptians were killed than Persians  Megabyzus wounded Inaros in the thigh who fled into the stronghold  called Byblus  on the Isle of Prosopitis in the river of Nile  He was joined by the surviving Greeks but the Greek general Charamites was killed in this battle  All Egypt except that fort of Byblus defected to Megabysus  Ctesias","YearBCAD":-456,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3548,"JulPer":4258,"Dating":"3548 AM, 4258 JP, 456 BC"}
{"Index":1225,"EventTxt":"When Megabysus had driven both Egyptians and Greeks from the field of battle and out of Memphis  he besieged them in the little Isle of Prosopitis for   months   Thucid","YearBCAD":-456,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3548,"JulPer":4258,"Dating":"3548 AM, 4258 JP, 456 BC"}
{"Index":1226,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the reign of Artaxerxes  in the  th month called Chisleu  Nehemiah was at Susa  the winter quarters of the Persian kings   Athenaus  Despnosoph      When he received news how the wall of Jerusalem was still broken down and the gates burnt with fire  he mourned  fasted and prayed to God  He asked that God would forgive the people s sins and give him grace in the eyes of the king","YearBCAD":-455,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 1:1-11","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4259,"Dating":"3550a AM, 4259 JP, 455 BC"}
{"Index":1227,"EventTxt":"In the same  th year of the king  in the month Nisan  Nehemiah s turn came to serve as cupbearer to the king  Both the king and queen   whom I suppose to be her whom Ctesias calls Damaspia  noticed his sorrowful appearance  He presented his request to them and obtained permission from the king to be the governor of Judah and to rebuild Jerusalem    This event marks the start of Daniel s   weeks  Da        For starting date of Artaxeres reign  see note on   AM    Editor","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 2:1-6","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550c AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1228,"EventTxt":"Nehemiah with a commission and supplies from the king came to Jerusalem in spite of the opposition from the governors Sanballat the Horonite of Moab and of Tobiah the Ammonite  He began the work and replied to them who laughed at him for undertaking so foolish an undertaking","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 2:7-20","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550c AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1229,"EventTxt":"The Persian commanders in Egypt made the river dry which flowed around the Isle of Prosopitis by diverting the water into another course  This left the Athenian ships aground and joined the Isle of Prosopitis to the mainland  As soon as the Egyptians saw the Athenian ships aground  they surrendered and made peace with the Persians  When the Athenians were deserted by the Egyptians  they burned their ships so they would not fall into the hands of the enemy  The Persians crossed the dry channel and took the island  When they saw the valour of the Athenians and remembering the losses they had received by them previously  they allowed the   of them to return home with their possessions   Thucid  Diod  Ctesias","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550c AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1230,"EventTxt":"The fortunes of the Athenians in Egypt  where they had spent   years in war came to naught  Egypt returned under the control of Artaxerxes except for Amyrtaeus  who was king of those who lived in the low countries of Egypt  They could not take him because of the vastness of the low country and its inhabitants were most warlike   Thucid","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550c AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1231,"EventTxt":"Eliashib  the son of Joiakim  the son of Jehu  or Jehoshua  the high priest and the rest of the Jews  started to build the wall of Jerusalem  Neh        on the  th day of the  th month Ab  Neh","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1232,"EventTxt":"Sanballat and Tobiah with the Samaritans and other enemies of the Jews  first laughed at this new work  When they saw the wall half up  they stopped mocking and consulted how to destroy the builders  When Nehemiah knew this  he first prayed to God and then ordered his men to be ready for a battle  Thus he thwarted the plans of their enemies Neh","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1233,"EventTxt":"When Nehemiah heard the outcries of the people  he ordered them to be freed  the slaves from their bondage and the debtor from their debt  Those who had mortgaged their lands or goods were to be freed from their debt  He set a good example by releasing his debts and all engagements of lands or goods made to him and freed the poor of public taxes  He gave liberally to those in need","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 5:1-19","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1234,"EventTxt":"Nehemiah was not only in danger from Sanballat and other enemies abroad but also from false prophets and false brethren at home  They tried to hinder the work as much as the others did  In spite of these difficulties  the wall was finished in   days  on the  th day of the  th month called EM","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 6:1-19","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1235,"EventTxt":"The dedication of the wall was performed with much celebration and great joy  Neh","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1236,"EventTxt":"Nehemiah took care of the various offices belonging to the house of the Lord  He appointed governors over the city and ordered its guards  He called the congregation together and numbered those who had returned from the captivity  He selected a number of people to live in the city with the rest of its inhabitants  Everyone according to his ability  made their various offerings to God","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 7:1-73","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1237,"EventTxt":"When   Greek ships were sent to Egypt to relieve those who were there for so long  they knew nothing of what had happened to their country men  They anchored at Mendesium which is a mouth of Nile  They were attacked by the Persians from the land and the Phoenicians by sea  Most of them were killed  A few escaped to carry news to Greece  Of that great army which was there before  only a few returned into Greece again  Most were lost as they passed through the deserts of Libya to get to Cyrene  This was the sad end which came to that great expedition of the Athenians in Egypt   Thucid","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3550,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3550d AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1238,"EventTxt":"In the feast of trumpets  in the  st day of the  th month  all the Jews came together at Jerusalem  The law of God was read by Ezra and expounded to them  When they heard it  they were all greatly grieved and wept  They were encouraged by Nehemiah  Ezra and the Levites to keep that feast with joy","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 8:1-12","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1239,"EventTxt":"On the  nd day of the same month  the elders of the families  the priests and Levites consulted with Ezra concerning questions arising from the reading of the law  They were encouraged to keep the feast of tabernacles    outside in the fields in booths made of boughs as stated in the law  Le","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Neh 8:13-15","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1240,"EventTxt":"On the  th to the  st day  the feast of Tabernacles was celebrated with great care and devotion  For   days together  the law of God was read and the  th day also was kept very solemnly according to the law  Le     vv Neither was there the like feast of Tabernacles kept from the days of Joshua  the son of Nun  to that time and there was great joy made  Neh","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1241,"EventTxt":"Of this the Jews in their Greater Chronicle   c     speak in this manner  vv It may be said that he compares this the return of the children of Israel into the land in the days of Joshua  For as in the days of Joshua they were bound to tithes  to the year of Shemite  or Remission and to Jubilees and to the hallowing of their walled towns  So now in their return in the time of Ezra  they were in like manner obliged to keep the law of tithes of the years of Shemite or Releasings  of Jubilees and to the hallowing of their walled cities  They rejoiced greatly before the Lord","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1242,"EventTxt":"On the  th of this month  the Israelites who returned  separated themselves from all strangers  made public profession of their repentance     They renewed their covenant with God and bound themselves to observe the law of God  his worship     and the law  Le     De     of the sabbath and the sabbatical year  Neh","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Neh 9:1-38\", \"Neh 10:1-39\")","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1243,"EventTxt":"The chief heads of the people feasted at Jerusalem  The rest cast lots  according to which every tenth man would live in Jerusalem     I","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Neh 11:1-36\", \"Ch 9:1-44\")","BibBk1":"Neh","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1244,"EventTxt":"Megabyzus left Sartamah as governor of Egypt and returned to Artaxerxes with Inaros and some other Greeks  He gave them his word that they would not be harmed  Artaxerxes carefully observed this though he was incensed against Inaros for having slain his brother Achemenes  When his mother Amestris  called Amytis by Ctesias  desired vengeance on Inaros  the Greeks and Megabyzus  the king refused her request   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-454,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3551,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4260,"Dating":"3551a AM, 4260 JP, 454 BC"}
{"Index":1245,"EventTxt":"The Athenians sent Cimon their general with a fleet of   ships of their own and their confederates into Cyprus    went to Egypt to Amyrtaeus who was still in Egypt  The rest besieged Citium  a city in Cyprus   Thucid         At this time Artabazus and Megabyzus commanded the Persian forces  Artabazus had his fleet of   ships around Cyprus  Megabyzus with the army of     troops stayed in Cilicia   Diod  Sic        in the  rd year of  nd Olympiad","YearBCAD":-450,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3554,"JulPer":4264,"Dating":"3554 AM, 4264 JP, 450 BC"}
{"Index":1246,"EventTxt":"Cimon sent messengers to the oracle at the temple of Ammon to ask about some secret matter   Plutarch in the Life of Cimon","YearBCAD":-450,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3554,"JulPer":4264,"Dating":"3554 AM, 4264 JP, 450 BC"}
{"Index":1247,"EventTxt":"In the siege of Citium in Cyprus   as Thucidides says  Cimon died either of a natural disease   as Emil  Probus has it  or  as others say  of a wound which he received in battle  When he was about to die  he advised those that were about him to conceal his death and to return home as fast as they could  It happened that this secret was well kept and all the Greek army returned home safely under the conduct  as Phanedemus speaks  of Cimon who had been dead a whole month  Those who were sent to consult the oracle  received the answer that Cimon was already with him  When they returned to Egypt and they understood that Cimon died at that very time when the oracle answered them   Plutarch in the Life of Cimon","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1248,"EventTxt":"When the Greek army returned from Egypt  they who besieged Citium in Cyprus  were short of supplies  They lifted their siege and sailed to Salamis in the same island  Here they fought with the Phoenicians  Cyprians and Cilicians  by sea and land  In the naval battle  they sunk many enemy ships and captured a   with all the soldiers and sailors still in them  The rest they pursued as far as Phoenicia  The Persians with the remaining ships  fled into Cilicia where Megabyzus was with the army  The Athenians sailed there as fast as possible and landed their men on the open shore and attacked the enemy  In this fight  Anaxicrates who commanded the fleet  behaved himself most courageously and died a most noble and heroic death  They defeated the Persians and slew many of the enemy  They returned to their ships and sailed home with those returning from Egypt   Diod  Sic  in the  rd and  th year of the  nd Olympiad   as he stands corrected from Thucidides  Elian writes that the Athenians lost in Egypt   ships and in Cyprus   with all their equipment   Elian  Variar  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1249,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes heard of the loss of his men in Cyprus  he sought advice from his council concerning this war  It was resolved that it was for the good of the kingdom that peace should be made with the Greeks  Therefore the king wrote letters to the captains and commanders in Cyprus that they make peace with the Greeks on any terms  Hereupon Artabazus and Megabyzus sent messengers to Athens to seek peace  When the Athenians had consented to their conditions  they sent commissioners to represent them having full power and authority  The leader of the group was Callias  the son of Hipponicus   Diod  in the  th year of the  nd Olympiad   At this time  the men of Argos sent their messengers to Susa to know if Artaxerxes would honour the league they had made with his father Xerxes  or if he considered them enemies  Artaxerxes answered that the league continued and that he considered no city more friendly to him than Argos   Herodotus        c","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1250,"EventTxt":"The peace between the Athenians and their confederates on the one side and the Persians on the other was concluded with these conditions  vv That no Persian governor would at any time come within three days journey of the sea and that there would be no warship from either side be found between Phaselis and the Cyantan Isles","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1251,"EventTxt":"Or as Plutarch expresses it  vv That the king would not have any warships in all the sea between the Cyancan and the Cheldonian Islands","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1252,"EventTxt":"When the king and his council of war had subscribed to these articles  then the Athenians took an oath that they would not invade any of the king s provinces   Diod  in the  th year of the  nd Olympiad","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1253,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  in the life of Cimon  says that they built an altar in memory of this peace and that they gave many honours on Callias who had been the architect of it","YearBCAD":-449,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3555,"JulPer":4265,"Dating":"3555 AM, 4265 JP, 449 BC"}
{"Index":1254,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes wearied for   years with his mother s nagging  gave Inaros the Egyptian king and the Greeks that came with him into her hand  The queen had the body of Inaros to be so racked and stretched out and wrenched several ways  He hung on three different crosses at one time  She had the   Greeks  for she could catch no more  decapitated   Ctesius  Thucidides says that Inaros king of Libya was taken by treachery and crucified  Herodotus tells us  that his son Thammyras by the favour of the Persians  held the government of Egypt which his father had held before him   Herod        c","YearBCAD":-448,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3556,"JulPer":4266,"Dating":"3556 AM, 4266 JP, 448 BC"}
{"Index":1255,"EventTxt":"Megabyzus was greatly grieved by the death of Inaros and those Greeks  He asked permission to go to his own government in Syria  He had secretly sent the rest of the Greeks there  He following them there and as soon as he came to Syria he revolted from the king and gathered an army of     men   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-448,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3556,"JulPer":4266,"Dating":"3556 AM, 4266 JP, 448 BC"}
{"Index":1256,"EventTxt":"Osiris was sent against Megabyzus with an army of     men  In the battle  Osiris wounded Megabyzus with a dart in the thigh two inches deep  Likewise  he wounded Osiris with a dart first in the thigh and then in the shoulder  As Osiris fell from his horse  Megabyzus caught him about by the middle and saved him  Many of the Persians fell and the two sons of Megabyzus  Zopyrus and Artipsyus fought valiantly that day  Megabyzus won and carefully returned Osiris to Artaxerxes who demanded his return   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-447,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3557,"JulPer":4267,"Dating":"3557 AM, 4267 JP, 447 BC"}
{"Index":1257,"EventTxt":"Another army was sent against Megabyzus  The general was Menostanes  or Menostates  son to Artarius  governor of Babylon and brother to king Artaxerxes  In the battle  Megabyzus wounded Menostanes in the shoulder and in the head  Neither of those wounds were mortal  but when it happened  he and all his army fled and Megabyzus had a most glorious victory   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-446,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3558,"JulPer":4268,"Dating":"3558 AM, 4268 JP, 446 BC"}
{"Index":1258,"EventTxt":"Artarius  Artoxares the eunuch  a Paphlagonian and Amestris  the queen mother  persuaded Megabyzus to come to terms with the king  After much effort  Artarius  Amytis  wife and Artoxares  who was now   years of age and Petisas  the son of Osiris  prevailed with him to come to the king  When he came  the king sent him word that he freely pardoned him all his past offences  A little later when the king was hunting  a lion set upon him  When Megabyzus saw the lion raised upon his hind feet  slew him with his spear  The king was angry with him because he had done it before the king could  He commanded that Megabyzus be decapitated  The intercession of Amestris  Amyris and others  spared his life and he was sent away and confined to the island of Cirta in the Read Sea  sic   Artoxares the eunuch for having spoken too freely with the king on the behalf of Megabyzus  was banished into Armenia   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-446,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3558,"JulPer":4268,"Dating":"3558 AM, 4268 JP, 446 BC"}
{"Index":1259,"EventTxt":"When Herodotus read his books at Athens before the council there  he was much honoured for them  according to Euseb  in his Chron  There Scaliger notes that Herodotus wrote his books before his going into Great Greece  Southern Italy  not in Great Greece itself as some think following Pliny on this  We shall see more in the next year  But I observe that in these books mention is made often of the Peloponesian war  both in  the  th book c     and in the  th book c      In the former reference  a thing is related that was done in the  nd year of that war  In the later  a thing that happened in the  th year of it at Decelaea  This is   years after the time consigned by Euseb  to the reading of his book at Athens  See more on this in the year  nd","YearBCAD":-445,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3559,"JulPer":4269,"Dating":"3559 AM, 4269 JP, 445 BC"}
{"Index":1260,"EventTxt":"In the first year of the  th Olympiad  when Praxiteles was the governor of Athens    years before the Peloponesian war began  the Athenians sent a colony into Great Greece  Southern Italy  to rebuild the decayed city of Thurii  Lysias  a youth of   years of age was one of the leaders in this group  Plutarch and Dionysus Halicarnassaeus in the life of Lysians the Orator  along with Herodotus who was   years old  Although he was born at Halicarnassus in Caria  he obtained the surname of Thurius after this because of his part in reestablishing Thurii   Strabo        The  th Olympiad happened on the  th year from the founding of Rome  according to Varro s account  In this year Pliny says that Herodotus compiled his History in Thurii in Italy   Pliny       c      as mentioned in the previous year","YearBCAD":-444,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3560,"JulPer":4270,"Dating":"3560 AM, 4270 JP, 444 BC"}
{"Index":1261,"EventTxt":"In this year all wars ceased throughout Asia  Greece  Sicily  Italy  Gaul  Spain and almost the entire world   Diod  Sic   rd year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-442,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3562,"JulPer":4272,"Dating":"3562 AM, 4272 JP, 442 BC"}
{"Index":1262,"EventTxt":"After Nehemiah had governed Judah for   years  that is from the  th year of the reign of Artaxerxes to the  nd of the same  he returned to the king   Ne","YearBCAD":-442,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3562,"JulPer":4272,"Dating":"3562 AM, 4272 JP, 442 BC"}
{"Index":1263,"EventTxt":"In his absence Eliashib the priest  who was over the chamber of the house of God and had made an alliance with Tobiah  prepared a room for him in the court of the temple  In this place the gifts and tithes were formerly kept  The son of Joiada  the son of Eliashib the high priest   who was a different man from Eliashib of whom I just mentioned  became son in law to Sanballat the Horonite after he married his daughter  When Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem with a new commission  he quickly redressed and severely punished these and other wrong doings","YearBCAD":-442,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ne 13:1-31","BibBk1":"Ne","AnnoMund":3562,"JulPer":4272,"Dating":"3562 AM, 4272 JP, 442 BC"}
{"Index":1264,"EventTxt":"After Megabyzus had lived   years in exile  he fled from the Island where he was confined and feigning himself to be a pisagas   i e  leper in the Persian language and one to whom no man might approach  he came home to his wife Amytis  By her and Amestris  the king s mother  he was at last reconciled to the king  He sat at the king s table as before and died at age    The king grieved very much for him   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-441,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3563,"JulPer":4273,"Dating":"3563 AM, 4273 JP, 441 BC"}
{"Index":1265,"EventTxt":"In this year  the Samians and Milesians went to war over the ownership of the city of Priene  This was the beginning of the  th year   according to Thucidides  of the   years of peace and the league between the Athenians and Lacedemonians  It was in the middle of the  th year of the  th Olympiad according to Diodorus  Priene was a city in Caria  which the Samians and Milesians each claimed  The Milesians were too weak to defeat the Samians  They drew to their side some Samians who were unhappy with things in their country  They went to Athens and complained of the behaviour of the citizens of Samos  The Athenians sent for them to lay down their arms and negotiate the matter at Athens  When the Samians refused to do this  Pericles prevailed to have war declared against them  He did this as a favour to his prostitute Aspasia  that famous courtesan whom he doted on not so much for her beauty as for her wit  She was the daughter of Axiochus of Milesia  The Athenians sent a fleet of   ships under the command of Pericles and easily took the city of Samos  He changed the government from an aristocracy to a democratic one","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1266,"EventTxt":"After Pericles returned from Samos  there arose in Samos a terrible sedition  Some wanted a democratic government and others wanted the old aristocracy  Those who disliked the democratic form  conspired with the chief men of the city and sent to Asia to Pissuthnes  the son of Hystalpes the governor of Sardis  When they had made a league with him  he gave them a band of   soldiers  They returned in the still of the night to the Samos and were joined by others of their consorts  They surprised and captured the town  They declared themselves enemies to the Athenians and took the whole garrison of them with the captain and officers  They sent them to Pissuthnes as a gift  They immediately marched against Miletus  The inhabitants of Byzantium were also allies with them against the Athenians","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1267,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians heard of the revolt of Samos  they sent   ships    went towards Caria to attack the Phoenician fleet in those parts and into Chios and Lesbos to take on allies from there  The other   vessels continued with Pericles as the admiral and his   colleagues  The Samians recalled their   ships which they had sent full of soldiers to assault Miletus  They were joined by   more ships  They fought with the   ships of the Athenians near an island called Tragia and were defeated  From there the Athenians with   more ships from home and  more from Chios and Lesbos  went and landed with their forces on the Isle of Samos  They captured the island and made a triple ditch about the city by land  They besieged the city with their ships","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1268,"EventTxt":"A few days later Pericles learned by letters from Caria and Caunus  that the Phoenician fleet was coming towards him to relieve Samos  He left part of his army to maintain the siege and took   ships from the navy  He went as fast as he could to meet the Phoenician navy  Stesagoras went with him with   ships from Samos","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1269,"EventTxt":"The Samians took advantage of the absence of Pericles  Under the command of Melislus  the son of Ithogenes an outstanding philosopher  they attacked the Athenian camp which was neither fenced nor manned as it ought to have been  When they sunk the ships which kept the island and defeated and routed the army  they freely traded and brought in supplies for   days","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1270,"EventTxt":"When Pericles heard what had happened to his men at Samos  he hurried back as fast as he could with a larger fleet  Thucidides  Agnon and Phormio joined him with   ships  Tlepolemus and Anticles brought   more ships from Athens  Chios and Mitylene sent him   ships  With these great forces  he attacked and defeated Melislus  He besieged the town by land and sea as before and harassed them with frequent assaults on every side  Some say that those engines of battery  as Rams and Vines and Galleries were first invented here by one Artemon of Clazomena  Ephorus the historian confuses him with Artemon Periphresus of whom Anacreon the poet in his poetry mentions   recited by Athenaeus         Thucid          Diod  Sic  in the  th year of  th Olympiad   Plutarch in the life of Pericles","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1271,"EventTxt":"After a   month siege  the Samians surrendered  The town was immediately destroyed and they gave hostages for their fidelity in time to come  They gave up all their ships  They paid for the expense of the war and made an instalment payment then  Those of Byzantium submitted to the Athenian government as before   Thucid","YearBCAD":-440,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3564,"JulPer":4274,"Dating":"3564 AM, 4274 JP, 440 BC"}
{"Index":1272,"EventTxt":"Spartacus succeeded Archaeanactides in the kingdom of Bosphorus Cimmerius   Diod  the  rd year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-438,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3566,"JulPer":4276,"Dating":"3566 AM, 4276 JP, 438 BC"}
{"Index":1273,"EventTxt":"Spartacus died after reigning   years   Diod  Sic  in the  th year of the  th Olympiad  In the  rd year of the  th Olympiad  he states that he reigned   years  The interval between these two Olympic years assigned by him the one to the beginning  the other to the end of his reign only make up   or at most both parts being included only   years of his reign  After him came Seleucus","YearBCAD":-433,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3571,"JulPer":4281,"Dating":"3571 AM, 4281 JP, 433 BC"}
{"Index":1274,"EventTxt":"At Athens in the year when Apseudes was over the government and in the last year almost ended in the  th Olympiad  Metone observed the summer solstice to be upon the  st day of the Egyptian month  Phamenoth  or the  th day of June  according to the Julian calendar  in the morning   Ptolemy  in his Mag  Syntax       c      From this he formulated the Cyclus Punaris  or the circle of the moon which we call the Golden Number of   years   Diod  Sic  the  th year of the  th Olympiad  He deduced the beginning of this cycle from the next new moon following that solstice on the  th day of July  according to the Julian calendar","YearBCAD":-432,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3572,"JulPer":4282,"Dating":"3572 AM, 4282 JP, 432 BC"}
{"Index":1275,"EventTxt":"Arcesilaus was killed by his subjects the Cyrenians  He was the  th king in that state and the man who in the  rd year of the  rd Olympiad  won the  st Pythian race with his chariot  He was made famous for that by Pindarus  in his  th and  th Ode  When his son would have succeeded  he was disallowed by the Cyrenians  Thereupon he sailed into the Hesperides or western islands and there died  So that kingdom of Cyrenia which had stood for   years came to an end  It had four kings of the name of Battus and four of the name of Archelaus  These interchangeably succeeded each other in the kingdom according to the oracle at Delphi as reported by Herod   Herod        c       Scholiast  Pind  in Od     Pythion","YearBCAD":-431,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3573,"JulPer":4283,"Dating":"3573 AM, 4283 JP, 431 BC"}
{"Index":1276,"EventTxt":"Toward the end of the  st year of the  th Olympiad  when there were only two months remaining in the rule of Pythodorus of Athens in the beginning of the spring  the Peloponesian war started between the Lacedemonians and the Athenians  The nations living along the coast of Asia  sided with the Athenians  All the Carians  the Dores  the Ionians  those of Hellespont  and all the adjoining islanders supported Athens except for the two islands of Melos and Thera  Both sides sent their embassies to Artaxerxes asking for help   Thucid","YearBCAD":-431,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3573,"JulPer":4283,"Dating":"3573 AM, 4283 JP, 431 BC"}
{"Index":1277,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of this war lived   famous historians  Hellanicus of the age of    Herodotus at   and Thucidides at     A  Gellius  in his  th book  c     states this from Pamphylia         Thucidides wrote the entire history of this war to its  st year  He carefully wrote what happened by the winters and summers  He began every summer from the first of the spring and every winter from the first of autumn","YearBCAD":-431,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3573,"JulPer":4283,"Dating":"3573 AM, 4283 JP, 431 BC"}
{"Index":1278,"EventTxt":"In the first summer of this war  there was a total eclipse of the sun that was so dark  the stars appeared in the sky   Thucid         This caused great fear among all men as a sad and great omen in the world  When Pericles saw the captain of the ship he was on  troubled by the eclipse  he put his cloak over his eyes  He asked him whether he was afraid at that or whether he thought it portended any great event or not  When he said no  then Pericles replied what was the difference between this covering of the sun and that except that the eclipsed area was much larger than my cloak   Plutarch in the life of Pericles  He discussed with him the causes of the eclipses of the sun and moon and their motions by which they moved  according as he had learned from his teacher Anaxagoras  He persuaded his fellow citizens not to trouble themselves with a vain and needless fear   Valer  Max        c      This eclipse happened on August  rd at   o clock in the afternoon at Athens  About    or   digits of the sun was covered","YearBCAD":-431,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3573,"JulPer":4283,"Dating":"3573 AM, 4283 JP, 431 BC"}
{"Index":1279,"EventTxt":"A dreadful plague started first in Ethiopia and spread from there into Libya and Egypt and especially into the regions of the Persian dominion  It raged unchecked in the city of Athens in the  nd year of this war   Thucid         From a historical perspective  he documents the nature of this plague  He was sick with it and often in company with those who were sick  Hippocrates as a physician who lived in Athens and was used in the curing of various persons afflicted with the plague  He describes the plague from a medical view point         Epidem  Sect      Lucretius  who lived many years after  describes this in his poetry","YearBCAD":-430,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3574,"JulPer":4284,"Dating":"3574 AM, 4284 JP, 430 BC"}
{"Index":1280,"EventTxt":"A sedition happened in a town of the Colophonians  called Notium  When Itamenes and his Median soldiers were called in by one of the sides  they came and possessed the strongest part of the town   Thucid","YearBCAD":-430,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3574,"JulPer":4284,"Dating":"3574 AM, 4284 JP, 430 BC"}
{"Index":1281,"EventTxt":"In the later end of this summer  Aristeas  the son of Adimantus a Corinthian and the ambassadors of the Lacedemonians  Aneristus and Nicolaus  and Patrodemus and Timagoras of Tegrea and Polis of Argos  journeyed into Asia toward Artaxerxes to ask of him aid of men and money for the war  They went by Thrace and came to its king  Sitalces  the son of Tereas  They planned to pass over the Hellespont and to go to Pharnaces  the son of Pharnatacus  hoping to have him convoy them to safely to Artaxerxes  They were betrayed by Saducus  the son of Sitalces the king and Nymphodorus of Abdera  the son of Pytheus  They were all taken to Athens  The Athenians without any hearing killed them the same day they arrived and threw their bodies into a ditch   Thucid        with Herod        c","YearBCAD":-430,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3574,"JulPer":4284,"Dating":"3574 AM, 4284 JP, 430 BC"}
{"Index":1282,"EventTxt":"The following winter the Athenians sent   ships to Caria under the command of Melesandrus  They intended to gather money from those parts and to rid the seas of pirates  These were from Peloponesus and preyed on poor merchants ships with their cargo which they traded along the coast of Phaselis  Phenice and other ports of the continent  Melesandrus with his Athenians and other confederates did not stay at sea  They went ashore in Licia and were defeated by the enemy  He and most of his army were killed   Thucid","YearBCAD":-430,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3575,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4284,"Dating":"3575a AM, 4284 JP, 430 BC"}
{"Index":1283,"EventTxt":"Seleucus  the king of Bosphorus Cimmerius  died after ruling for   years   Diod   th of the  th Olympiad   After him Spartacus the  nd reigned for   years","YearBCAD":-430,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3575,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4284,"Dating":"3575a AM, 4284 JP, 430 BC"}
{"Index":1284,"EventTxt":"Pericles died in the  th year of  th Olympiad   Diod           years and   months after the beginning of the Peloponesian war which he was the main cause of   Thucid         He was senior statesman had continued as a prince of the Athenian state for   years   Cic        de oratore and Plutarch in the life of Pericles","YearBCAD":-428,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3576,"JulPer":4286,"Dating":"3576 AM, 4286 JP, 428 BC"}
{"Index":1285,"EventTxt":"In the year Anaxagoras of Clazomenae died  He was Pericles  teacher and was born in the  th Olympiad and died in the  st year of the  th Olympiad  according to Laetius in his life from Apollodorus  Chron  However  there it is incorrectly stated as Olympiad    He adds that the men of Lampsacus bestowed on him an honourable burial with this epitaph  as recorded also by Elian         Var  Histor  c  ult   on his tomb  Great Anaxagoras lies here in mould  Who did all secrets of the heavens unfold","YearBCAD":-428,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3576,"JulPer":4286,"Dating":"3576 AM, 4286 JP, 428 BC"}
{"Index":1286,"EventTxt":"In the winter season of the  th year of the Peloponesian war  the Athenians sent   ships commanded by Lysicles with four commissioners to collect their tribute from their confederate cities  Lysicles went from place to place to gather money  When he was leaving Myus through Caria  the Carians and Anaeitae ambushed and killed him and most of his army   Thucid","YearBCAD":-427,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3577,"JulPer":4287,"Dating":"3577 AM, 4287 JP, 427 BC"}
{"Index":1287,"EventTxt":"When Alcides  the commander of the Lacedemonian fleet  came to the cape of Myonesus in the country of the Teii  he killed most of the Greeks whom he had taken prisoners from Asia  When he came to Ephesus  some messengers from the Samians who were of the Anaeitae  rebuked him  They said he was wrong to deliver the Greek nation from servitude if he purposed to destroy people who never bare arms against him nor were his enemies  Their only crime was being forced to pay tribute to the Athenians  He then spared the rest and let them go","YearBCAD":-427,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3577,"JulPer":4287,"Dating":"3577 AM, 4287 JP, 427 BC"}
{"Index":1288,"EventTxt":"A new broil arose between the old citizens which dwelt in the lower town of Notium and those which had recently fled there  When these saw the power of the Arcadians and other barbarians as Pissuthnes which the governor of Lydia had sent  They made a wall around the upper town for a fortification against the lower town  They made a league with the Colophonians who lived in the upper town and sided with the Medes making one accord with them  The other side sent for Pachetes  a captain of the Athenians to come and help them  When he came  he defeated Hippias  Pissuthnes the captain of the Arcadians in the fort was asked to leave the fort for a talk  They promised him that if they could not agree  he could return safely to the fort again  When he came  Pachetes took and committed him to safe custody without manacles or fetters  He attacked and captured the fort  Everyone in the fort was killed  both Arcadians and Barbarians  Lastly  to keep his word with Hippias he let him return safely to the fort  As soon as he came to the fort  they laid hold on him again and shot him to death with arrows  So Pachetes restored Botium to the Colophonians  except to those who had sided with the Medes  Afterward the Athenians sent a colony there and governed the place according to their own laws  They gathered as many of the Colophonians from all parts as they could find to live there   Thucid        Polya  Stratag","YearBCAD":-427,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3577,"JulPer":4287,"Dating":"3577 AM, 4287 JP, 427 BC"}
{"Index":1289,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes sent Artaphernes  a Persian ambassador  with a letter written in the Assyrian language to Lacedemon  Among other things he said that he did not know what they wanted from him for they had sent so many ambassadors to him  None of them agreed with each other  Therefore if they would have him understand what they wanted  they should send some men of their own to him   Thucid","YearBCAD":-425,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3579,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4289,"Dating":"3579c AM, 4289 JP, 425 BC"}
{"Index":1290,"EventTxt":"In the interim  Artaxerxes died and his son Xerxes succeeded him for only one year   Diod  Sic  the  th year of the  th Olympiad  His mother Damaspia died the same day that her husband Artaxerxes  as the sequel shows  did  Bagorazus the eunuch carried the bodies of both the father and mother into Persia   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-425,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3579,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4289,"Dating":"3579c AM, 4289 JP, 425 BC"}
{"Index":1291,"EventTxt":"In the winter of the  th year of the Peloponesian war  Aristides  the son of Archippus  one of the captains who were sent from Athens to gather the tribute of their confederates captured Artaphernes the Persian ambassador as he was going to Lacedemon  This was at a place called Etone on the river Strimon  He brought him as a prisoner to Athens whom the Athenians presently sent back to Ephesus accompanied with an ambassador  When they came there and heard that Artaxerxes had recently died  they returned home again   Thucid","YearBCAD":-425,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4289,"Dating":"3580a AM, 4289 JP, 425 BC"}
{"Index":1292,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the next summer  the beginning of spring   Thucidedes says there was a partial eclipse of the sun  beginning on the first day of spring  on the  st day of March  according to the Julian Calendar  This was toward the end of the  th year of the  th Olympiad  in the morning  The sun was more than half eclipsed  according to the Prutenian account","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3580b AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1293,"EventTxt":"The exiles from Mitylene after their city was taken by the Athenians joined with the exiles from Lesbos  They hired some others from Peloponesus and went and took Rhaetium  After they received money from them  they spared the city  From there they went to Antandrus and it was betrayed into their hands  Their initial purpose was to liberate Mitylenian cities in Actea now controlled by Athens and in particular  Antandrus  They fortified it  Using timber from the hill Ida  they planned to build ships  They hoped to take over the city of Lesbos and other cities in Eolia   Thucid","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3580b AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1294,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Aristides and Demodocus also called Symmachus  the captains of the Athenian Navy were in the Hellespont gathering their tribute  Lamachus  their third captain  was gone with   ships into Pontus  When they heard that the Mitylenians purposed to fortify Antandrus  they gathered an army of their confederates and set sail for Mitylene  When the enemy sallied out from there  they defeated them in the field and captured the town  When Lamachus who was gone into Pontus  came to the mouth of the river Caleces   Diodorus calls it Cachetes  in Heracleotis  he left his ships at anchor and spoiled all the country about Heraclea  These cities favoured Persia and had refused to pay tribute to Athens  After a heavy rain  the swollen river current drove their ships on the rocky shore  He lost his whole fleet and a large part of his army besides  He could not return home by sea and dared not return by land with so small a company through so many fierce and warlike nations  The Heraclea  used this occasion to befriend these nations rather than to be revenged of them  They used the tribute for Athens to influence friends and buy provisions for their return trip home  Lamachus  with the company which he had left went overland through the country of the Thracians  who dwelt on the Asian side and came safely to Chalcedon   Thucid        Diodor        Justin       c","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3580c AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1295,"EventTxt":"When Xerxes was roaring drunk on a festival day  he was killed in his chamber when he was sleeping  His brother Secundianus  born of Aloguna  a Babylonish woman and Pharnacyas an eunuch  murdered him   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3580d AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1296,"EventTxt":"Secundianus had for a long time borne a grudge to Bagoras the eunuch  He picked a quarrel with him for burying his father s body without his advise and ordered that he be stoned to death  His army took offence at this even though he gave them much money  From that time on the army hated him for murdering his brother   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3580,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3580d AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1297,"EventTxt":"Secundianus sent for his brother Ochus whom his father Artaxerxes had made governor of Hyrcania  He refused to come  He sent word he would come but he did not  This he did often  Finally he gathered a mighty army and intended to take over the kingdom  Arbarius who was general of the cavalry to Secundianus  defected to Ochus  Arxanes  the governor of Egypt  also defected  Artoxares came in person from Armenia and asked if he planned to make himself king   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-424,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3581,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4290,"Dating":"3581a AM, 4290 JP, 424 BC"}
{"Index":1298,"EventTxt":"Ochus was made king and called himself after that time Darius  By the advice of both Parysatis  his wife and his sister  he first tried to win over his brother Secundianus  Menosthanes  who was the greatest man with him among all his eunuchs  urged Secundianus not to believe his words nor have any treaty with faithless men  However  Secundianus came to a treaty and was captured there and died when thrown into a heap of ashes   Ctesias  Concerning this type of punishment  see note on  b AM and APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-423,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3581,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4291,"Dating":"3581b AM, 4291 JP, 423 BC"}
{"Index":1299,"EventTxt":"When Secundianus  or Sogdianus  was dead  then Ochus reigned alone and was known by the name of Darius Nothus  This happened toward the end of the first year of the  th Olympiad   Thucid          Diod  Sic   rd year  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-423,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3581,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4291,"Dating":"3581b AM, 4291 JP, 423 BC"}
{"Index":1300,"EventTxt":"When the men of Delos were driven out of their country by the Athenians  Pharnaces gave them Adramyttium in Asia to live in   Thucid        Diod  Sic   rd year  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-422,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3582,"JulPer":4292,"Dating":"3582 AM, 4292 JP, 422 BC"}
{"Index":1301,"EventTxt":"The Athenians  by command of the oracle at Delphi  restored those of Delos to their island again   Thucid","YearBCAD":-421,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3583,"JulPer":4293,"Dating":"3583 AM, 4293 JP, 421 BC"}
{"Index":1302,"EventTxt":"Those of Byzantium and Chalcedon were joined by the Thracians and passed with a great army into Bithynia  When they had wasted the country and forced many of the smaller towns  they used unmeasurable cruelties toward them  When they had gathered an huge multitude of men  women and children  they butchered everyone of them   Diod   st year of  st  Olympiad","YearBCAD":-416,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3588,"JulPer":4298,"Dating":"3588 AM, 4298 JP, 416 BC"}
{"Index":1303,"EventTxt":"Jubilee   was the last one seen by the prophets of the Old Testament  For in Ne     is not to be understood of Darius but of this Darius Nothus in whose time Ne     signifies  that Johananes  called also Johannes and Jonathan  obtained the high priesthood after his father Joiada   whom Josephus calls Judas   Jadduas  son  who succeeded his father in the priesthood  was born then also  These things Nehemiah mentions only in passing  His book ends with the time of Artaxerxes Longimanus  the father of this Darius  of whom Josephus        cont  Aplons  says  vv From the death of Moses to Artaxerxes  king of Persia who succeeded Xerxes  the prophets wrote   books  From Artaxerxes to our time  all things indeed have been likewise committed to writing but not held in the same esteem as the former because the succession of the prophets one after another has been uncertain","YearBCAD":-416,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3589,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4298,"Dating":"3589a AM, 4298 JP, 416 BC"}
{"Index":1304,"EventTxt":"Euseb  in Chron  in the  nd year of Artaxerxes  with whom the continued history of Nehemiah ended  states  vv Hitherto  the divine Scriptures of the Hebrews contain the annals of the times  Those things which were done among them after this time  we must derive from the books of the Maccabees and from the writings of Josephus and Africanus  He wrote a general history of things done among them down to the Roman times","YearBCAD":-416,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3589,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4298,"Dating":"3589a AM, 4298 JP, 416 BC"}
{"Index":1305,"EventTxt":"Malachi  the last of the prophets  was contemporary with Nehemiah  This we gather from the following  He nowhere exhorts the people to build the temple as Haggai and Zechariah did  Since the Temple was now built  he reproved those disorders among the Jews which Nehemiah at his second return with a new commission did also  These are  the marriage with foreign women  Mai     withholding of tithes  Mai     and abuses in the worship of God  Mai         Now they were no longer to expect a continual succession of prophets as before  Therefore Malachi in the last words of his prophecy exhorts them that they should hold fast to the law of Moses until Christ that great prophet of the church should appear whose with his forerunner John the Baptist  vv in the spirit and power of Elias  to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the rebels to the wisdom of the just Mal     Lu     Mt         to which has reference to Jerome        of his comment upon Isaiah chapter     After Haggai and Zechariah and Malachi  I see no other prophet till John the Baptist  See APC IMa         and  August  de Cicit  Dei       c","YearBCAD":-416,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3589,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4298,"Dating":"3589a AM, 4298 JP, 416 BC"}
{"Index":1306,"EventTxt":"We read in the book of Pirke Abbeth  that the men of the Great Synagogue succeeded the prophets  However  the Jews in later times count even Haggai  Zechariah and Malachi  among them and make Ezra the president of this Great Synagogue","YearBCAD":-416,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3589,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4298,"Dating":"3589a AM, 4298 JP, 416 BC"}
{"Index":1307,"EventTxt":"Pissuthnes the governor of Lydia  revolted from Darius  Therefore Tissaphernes  Spitladares and Pharmises were sent against him  Pissuthnes went to meet them  He had with him Lycon an Athenian with the Greeks under his command  The king s commanders bribed Lycon and his Greeks to abandon Pissuthnes  Then they drew in Pissuthnes with the promise of safely an brought him to the king  which they did  The king ordered   Away with him to the ash heap and gave his government to Tislaphernes  Lycon had cities and countries given to him for a reward for his treachery   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-414,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3590,"JulPer":4300,"Dating":"3590 AM, 4300 JP, 414 BC"}
{"Index":1308,"EventTxt":"Eusebius in his Chron  notes that Egypt rebelled from the Persians and that Amyrtaius Saites reigned there for   years  This seems to be the same Amirtaeus who Herodotus writes of   Herod     I e           c      where he shows that he did the Persians much damage","YearBCAD":-414,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3590,"JulPer":4300,"Dating":"3590 AM, 4300 JP, 414 BC"}
{"Index":1309,"EventTxt":"In the  th summer of the Peloponesian war  when Nicias would have withdrawn his army at night from before the walls of Syracuse in Sicily  there appeared an eclipse of the Moon about ten o clock at night in the month Metagiton  This was on the  th of August  according to the Julian Calender  At the sight of this  he was so terrified that he did not withdraw at that time  By delaying he and his whole army perished   Thucid        Polyb        Diod  Sic  year    of    Olympiad  Plin        c     Plutarch in the life of Nicias and in his book  De Superstition","YearBCAD":-413,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3591,"JulPer":4301,"Dating":"3591 AM, 4301 JP, 413 BC"}
{"Index":1310,"EventTxt":"The next winter  Tissaphernes of Lydia and Pharnabazus of Hellespont  two governors of Darius whose countries bordered the sea coast in the lesser Asia  sought to recover the old tribute from the Greek cities lying within their control  Recently the Athenians had forbidden them to pay tribute to the king  They dealt with them underhandedly to make them defect from the Athenians  They solicited the Peloponesians in general to make a new war on Athens and had the Lacedemonians in particular become allies of the Persian king  When the Athenians power was thus weakened in Asia on whom Pissuthnes had founded all his hopes  Tissaphernes sought by all means how to capture Amorges a bastard son of Pissuthnes who had taken up arms in Casia  He was commanded to send him alive or dead to the king  When he found that the citizens of Chios and Erythrae were ready to revolt from the Athenians  he sent his messenger with theirs to Lacedemon to negotiate the matter by the common agreement   Thucid","YearBCAD":-413,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3591,"JulPer":4301,"Dating":"3591 AM, 4301 JP, 413 BC"}
{"Index":1311,"EventTxt":"At the same time Calligetus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicum who were both banished from their country  came to Lacedemon  They were sent by Pharnabazus who had entertained them during the time of their exile  They went in the name of the inhabitants of Cyzicum  to got ships to carry them into the Hellespont  When the messengers of Pharnabazus and Tislaphernes each made their request separately  the Lacedemonians were divided as to what to do  Some advised that Ionia and Chios should be helped first  others the Hellespont  Alcibiades helped decide the matter  He was a condemned man at Athens who lived in Sparta  in a house with Endius  one of the Ephore who was a friend of his father  Therefore they made an agreement with the Chii and Erythraeans and ordered   ships to be sent to help them  Calligetus and Timagoras  who were there on the behalf of Pharnabazus and the men of Cyzicum  contributed nothing toward this fleet for Chios  They withheld the   talents which they had brought with them to hire ships for themselves because they planned to prepare a fleet of their own   Thucid","YearBCAD":-413,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3591,"JulPer":4301,"Dating":"3591 AM, 4301 JP, 413 BC"}
{"Index":1312,"EventTxt":"In the  th summer of the Peloponesian war  Alcibiades an Athenian  and Chalcideus a Lacedemonian were sent by Endius and the rest of the Ephori with   ships into Ionia  They planned to try to make the Greek cities defect from the Athenian side  The Clazomenae went to the mainland and built a strong fort there so they would have a safe place to go if their island was attacked  Similarly  did the other islands that revolted from the Athenians  They built forts and prepared for war   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592 AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1313,"EventTxt":"Strombichides  the commander of the Athenians came with   ships to Samos  Another ship joined him here and they sailed to Teus  They persuaded them not to defect from the Athenians  Chalcideus came there also with   ships and some foot soldiers from the Clazomenians and Erythreans  The Teians at first refused to receive the soldiers but when they saw the Athenians had fled  they took them in  These waited for the return of the Chalcideus from pursuing the Athenians  When they did not return  they threw down the wall which the Athenians had made on the land side with the help of those who were under the command of Tages Tissaphernes  When Chalcideus and Alcibiades had pursued Strombichides as far as Samos  more ships from Chios joined them and they sailed to Miletus  By the means of Alcibiades  who had an important acquaintance with the noble men there  they persuaded them also to defect from the Athenians  When the Athenians followed them there  they were kept out by the Milesians  They retreated to an island called Lada opposite Miletus   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592 AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1314,"EventTxt":"Therefore  the Chii sailed with   ships to the city  Anaea in Caria to learn the status of Miletus and to induce other cities to defect from the Athenians  They were called back by Chalcideus because Amorges the son of Pissuthnes was approaching with his army  They came to a small town Diosbierou in Ionia  When they saw a fleet of   Athenian ships that were sent from there under the command of Diomedon to join with Thrasicles  they dispersed themselves  One ship went to Ephesus  the rest to Teus  Four were captured by the Athenians but all the men on them had escaped to shore  The rest of the ships came safely to Teus  After this when the Athenians were gone to Samos  the Chii pursued their purpose with the remainder of their fleet and forces and drew over to their side cities of Lebedus and Eras in Ionia   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592 AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1315,"EventTxt":"After the foot soldiers of the Chii departed from Teus  Tissaphernes came there with his army and pulled down what was left of the walls of Teus and went away  No sooner was he gone then Diomedon  with   Athenian ships came there and was received by the Teians also  He went to Eras and when he was unable to capture it  he went his way   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592 AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1316,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians had taken the fort which the Clazomenians had built on the continent  they forced them to return to their island  The leaders of the revolt were sent to Daphnus  The Clazomenians again submitted to the Athenians   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592 AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1317,"EventTxt":"That same summer  the Athenians with   ships  which were at Lada opposite Miletus  landed at Panormus  They attacked Chalcideus  the Lacedemonian and killed him and all that were with him  They returned from there   days later and erected a monument in memory of what they had done  Because this was done by those who did not control the country  the Milesians demolished it   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592c AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1318,"EventTxt":"In the end of the summer  the Athenians with   soldiers and   men from Argos and many of their other confederates sailed to Samos with   ships commanded by Phrynichus and Onomacles and Saronidas  From there they sailed for Miletus and positioned their army before the city    Milesian soldiers attacked them  Alcibiades  with those whom Chalcideus had brought from Peloponesus and certain soldiers  These came from a foreign nation which followed Tissaphernes and were commanded by Tissaphernes  The Argivi which led the van in the wing where they were  trusting too much in their valour and were routed by the Milesians  The Ionians were held in contempt by the Argivi  They lost   men but eventually the Athenians won the battle  They set up a monument in the field and besieged the city on that peninsula  When news came that a fleet from Sicily and Peloponesus was heading that way  they followed the advice of Phrynicus and withdrew to Samos   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592c AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1319,"EventTxt":"When the fleet came with the ships of Chios which had formerly been beaten by Chalcideus  they were asked by Tissaphernes to attack Jasos  Here lived Amorges the bastard son of Pisluthnes   who had revolted form the king   The Peloponesians under the command of Astyochus the admiral to whom Theramenes a Lacedemonian had brought that fleet and the Syracusans  who were very courageous under their general Hermocrates  suddenly attacked the Jasians and took the city  The Jasians incorrectly thought that these were friends  The Peloponesians took Amorges alive and gave him to Tissaphernes to be sent to Darius  if he pleased  They sacked the city of Jasos  which through a long peace was quite prosperous and took much spoil  The mercenaries hired by Amorges were spared because most of them were Peloponesians  They enlisted them for their own service  The town was handed over to Tissaphernes with all its people  Everyone was redeemed by paying half a crown  They returned to Miletus and they accompanied overland Paedaritus  who was sent by the Lacedemonians as governor for Chios and the mercenaries of Amorges  They went as far as Erythrae and left Philippus  governor of Miletus   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592c AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1320,"EventTxt":"The next winter after Tissaphernes had put a garrison in Jasos  he came to Miletus and there according to a promise made at Lacedemon paid them and their mercenaries their wages  This was an Athenian drachma for each one  He bargained with them for the same wage for future service","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592d AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1321,"EventTxt":"Astyochus the admiral of the Lacedemonian fleet with   ships of Lacedemon and as many of Chios sailed to Clazomenae when the seige of the city Pteleum failed  There he ordered all who favoured the Athenians to leave and live at Daphnus  Tamos the governor of Ionia gave similar orders  When they refused  he attacked the unwalled town  He was unsuccessful and left  He encountered a violent storm at sea  He came safely to Phocaea and Cuma but the rest of his ships were driven ashore on the isles lying opposite Clazomenae  Marathusa  Pela and Drymissa  They stayed here for   days because of the storm  They spoiled the goods which the Clazomenians had transported there for fear of the war  The rest of the goods they put on board their ships and carried them to Astyochus at Phocaea and Cuma   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592d AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1322,"EventTxt":"The same winter Hippocrates of Lacedemon set sail for Cnidus from Peloponesus with   Thurian ships under the command of Dorieus and two others commissioned with him  one of Laconica and another of Syracuse  Cnidus had revolted from Tissaphernes  When the Milesians heard this  they sent to Hippocrates and asked him to leave one half of his ships at a garrison at Cnidus and to go with the rest and raid ships laden with cargo from Egypt  These ships lay at Priopium which is a cape of Cnidea  When the Athenians heard of this  they went from Samos and surprised the six ships which lay at Trippium to guard those places  However  the sailors escaped  and the Athenians found only empty ships  They came to Cnidus and almost took it by surprise when they attacked it  It was an unwalled town  They decided to wait and attack again the next day  The Cnidians cast up some earth works about the town that night  Also they were joined by those who were forced ashore at Triopium  When they saw it would be harder than ever to take the town  they plundered the country and returned to Samos   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3592,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3592d AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1323,"EventTxt":"When the Spartans evaluated the league between Chalcideus and Tissaphernes  they thought it a bit unfair to them  They drew up another one between the Lacedemonians and their confederates on the one side and Darius  his sons and Tissaphernes on the other  This was in clearer terms than the former one and was subscribed in the presence of Theramenes of Lacedemon  When Theramenes gave the command of the navy to Astyoctus  be boarded a little boat and left   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3593a AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1324,"EventTxt":"Pharnabasus  the governor for the king in Hellespont  had previously sent Calligetus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicum to Sparta asking for ships  This was granted    ships were sent under the command of Antisthenes  a Lacedemonian  in the middle of winter from Peloponesus into Ionia  The Lacedemonians also sent     commissioners of theirs  one was Lycas  the son of Arcesilaus  to advise Astyochus in the management of this war  After they came to Miletus  they were ordered to send some or all of these   ships to Pharnabazus in the Hellespont  Clearchus would be made commander of this fleet  If they saw cause  they could put Antishenes in charge of the navy instead of Astyochus  He was under suspicion by Pedaritus who had letters against him  These commissioners sailed from Malea  a port in Peloponesus and first came to the island of Melus  They sailed widely around it to avoid the enemy and landed at Caunus in Asia   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3593a AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1325,"EventTxt":"When Astyochus came to Cnidus  he quickly left it to meet the Athenian fleet which waited for the Peloponesian ships coming from Caunius  The Athenians won the first battle here but when they lost the second one they retired and came to Halicarnassus  The victorious Peloponesians returned to Cnidus  After this the Athenians sailed to an island called Sima where they were soundly defeated  They dared not attack the Lacedemonian navy which lay at Cnidus but took only some tackle and baggage from Sima  When they attacked Lorymae on the continent  they returned again to Samos   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3593a AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1326,"EventTxt":"When all the Peloponesian navy of   ships met at Cnidus  the     commissioners discussed with Tissaphernes matters already transacted  They looked for any fault in it and planned how the war for the future might be carried on for the best advantage on both sides  Lichas said that in view of what had happened  that neither of the two leagues which were made with Theramenes were as they should be  They could not tolerate that the king should hold onto all those countries which he or his ancestors had held previously  He said for this reason that all the islands  all Thessaly  Locri and all Baeothia must again be under the king s authority  The Lacedemonians  instead of freeing the Greek cities would enslave them to the power of the Persians more than ever  Therefore  they should form of a new league between them or abandon this one and never ask nor receive stipend more of the king of Persia according to the previous leagues  Tissaphernes grew angry  tore up the treaty and went his way   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3593a AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1327,"EventTxt":"Letters came from the Peloponesians to Astiochus that he should remove Alcibiades as admiral  He was under suspicion and he was a professed enemy of Agis the king of Lacedemon  When Alcibiades heard about this  he fled secretly to Tissaphernes  he persuaded him not to pay so much for the Peloponesian navy but rather hold matters in a balance  This way neither the Athenians or the Spartans would win the war  When each side had been exhausted by warfare  they would more easily be brought under the king s control  Pisander with ten ambassadors from Athens entreated Tissaphernes and Alcibiades for terms that would benefit both states  However  Alcibiades in the name of Tissaphernes made such demands  they thought to abandon all discussion and do nothing even though they yielded to many of them  He demanded that they should surrender into the king s hands all Ionia and its adjacent islands  When they agreed  he then demanded that the king could make as many ships as he pleased and sail them where he pleased whenever he wanted to  When the Athenians knew that these demands were intolerable and they were being abused by Alcibiades  they broke off the talks in a rage and returned to Samos   Thucid","YearBCAD":-412,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4302,"Dating":"3593a AM, 4302 JP, 412 BC"}
{"Index":1328,"EventTxt":"Toward the end of this winter  Tissaphernes went to Caunus and planned to recall the Lacedemonian commissioners back to Miletus and pay them lest the Spartans become his enemies too  When they came he paid them all their arrears and made a third league with them  It stated  vv In the  th year of the reign of Darius  when Alexipidas was Ephorus  i e  agreements were made  in the field of Maander  between the Lacedemonians and their confederates on the one side and Tissaphernes and Hieramenes and the sons of Pharnacus on the other  concerning the affairs of the king and of the Lacedemonians and their confederates  It stated that whatever country in Asia is the king s that let him hold it still and of his own countries let him dispose as he will   c","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1329,"EventTxt":"But concerning the payment of their yearly stipend it was thus agreed  vv That Tissaphernes should pay the fleet that was there  till the king s ships came  After they were come then the Lacedemonians and their confederates would maintain their navy if they wished  If they would rather have a stipend for it  then Tissaphernes should furnish it  but on the condition that at the end of the war they should refund all the money which they had received   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1330,"EventTxt":"From this we may gather the full meaning of what Justin             more concisely stated  vv Darius the king of Persians  making a league with the Lacedemonians by Tissaphernes  his governor of Lydia  promised to bear all the charge of the war","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1331,"EventTxt":"In the very beginning of the next summer which began the  st year of the Poloponesian war  Decylidas  a Lacedemonian was sent from Miletus overland with a small company into Hellespont  He was to stir up the city of Abydus which was a colony of the Milesians to rebel against the Athenians  First this city  then two days later Lampsacus defected from Athens to Decylides and Pharnabazus","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1332,"EventTxt":"When Strombychides heard this news  he sailed from Chios to Lesbos with   Athenian ships  When the Lesbians attacked him  he routed them and took the unwalled town on the first assault  When he settled matters there  he went to Abydus  When they repulsed his attack  he sailed to Sestos and placed a strong garrison there to defend all of the Hellespont   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1333,"EventTxt":"The whole navy of the Athenians came together at Samos  they entered a covenant with the Samians to join in restoring the democratic state in Athens and to abolish the newly appointed junta of    They bound themselves with a solemn oath to do this and appointed Thrasibulus and Thraiyllus as captains for this purpose  They consulted about calling home Alcibiades hoping by his means to make Tissaphernes stop supporting the Lacedemonian party and to gain the king s favour for their side   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1334,"EventTxt":"Among the seamen of the Peloponesians who were at Miletus  there was a general dislike for Tissaphernes and Astyachus  When the Spartans were a strong naval force and the Athenians weak  he would never fight with the Athenians nor to this day would  Although he knew of the divisions among the Athenians  he would not help the Lacedemonian navy  Tissaphernes was disliked for he did not send for the navy of the Phoenicians as he promised  Nor did he pay them their wages except when he pleased and then only a portion and not the full amount  Therefore they wanted the matter decided in battle  Astyochus and his confederates commanded the Milesians to march overland to the cape of Micale while they went by sea with the whole fleet of     ships to the same place  When the Athenians whose   ships were anchored at Glauca near Micale saw the fleet coming  they weighed anchor and sailed as fast as they could to Samos  When Strombichides with his fleet heard of this  he hastened to come from Hellespont to help the Athenians  The Peloponesians withdrew and returned to Miletus  The Athenians now had   ships  all strong and well equipped  They followed them home to Miletus  They landed and arranged their army in the open field  When the Peloponesians would not come  they sailed back to Samos without attacking anything  After this the Peloponesians saw they were no match for the Athenian navy  Neither could they pay so many seamen  especially when Tissaphernes  was so churlish in sending in their payment according to agreement  They sent Clearchus away with   of their ships into Hellespont to Pharnabasus who earnestly desired their coming and promised to pay them very liberally  Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593b AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1335,"EventTxt":"When Thrasybulus left Tissaphernes  he brought back Alcibiades with him to Samos  The army made him one of their chief commanders and committed everything under his direction  When he was made commander of the Athenian army  he sailed back to Tissaphernes so that he might tell him everything  He handled matters so cunningly to his own advantage so that he could make the Athenians afraid of Tissaphernes and Tissaphernes of them at his pleasure   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1336,"EventTxt":"This had a disastrous effect on the morale of the Peloponesians who were anchored at Miletus  They hated Tissaphernes more than ever so that they began to mutiny again against him and Astyochus  They now charged him with collusion with Tissaphernes for his own personal advantage  The sailors from Syracuse and Thurii demanded in a very saucy and mutinous manner that Astyochus pay them  When he replied roughly and threatened to imprison Doricus the commander of the Thurian squadron for supporting his sailors  they rioted and rushed upon him   The Greek scholiast of Thucidides  understand that Hermocrates  commander of the Syracuse squadron is meant  not Doricus   He would have been killed had he not fled to a nearby altar  The Milesians got secretly into the fort which Tissaphernes had built and expelled the garrison of soldiers and took over the fort  This action was well received by the rest except for Lychas the Lacedemonian  He said that the Milesians and the rest under the king s authority ought to obey Tissaphernes so long as he governed so moderately as he did and until the war would be over   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1337,"EventTxt":"While they were busy in this altercation  Pindarus arrived who was sent from Lacedemon to succeed Astyochus in the command of the navy  After Astyochus had given him command  he sailed home to Lacedemon  Tissaphernes sent Gauletes  his messenger along with him  Although he was born in Caria he spoke both the Greek and Persian language  He was to charge the Milesians for the surprise attack on his citadel and to clear him from those false accusations which the Milesians and Hermocrates of Syracuse had made  Tissaphernes knew that the Milesians would accuse him for conspiring with Alcibiades against the Lacedemonians","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1338,"EventTxt":"Tissaphernes saw that the Peloponesians were against him  Among other things they did not like when he allowed Alcibiades to return to his own people again since he now openly favoured the Athenians  Tissaphernes went to Aspendus where the Phoenician fleet of   ships had come  To clear himself  he took Lichas the Lacedemonian along with him  leaving his agent Tamos with them to ensure the wages were paid to the Peloponesian navy  Moreover the Peloponesians at the request of Tissaphernes  sent Philippus a Lacedemonian  with two ships to Aspendus to see the Phoenician fleet  When Alcibiades learned that Tissaphernes was at Aspendus  he came with   ships to Caunus first and then to Phaselis  Everywhere he promised his friends many supplies and all kinds of help  When he returned to Samos  he informed them that he had so arranged matters so that the Phoenician fleet would not assist the Peloponesians and Tissaphernes had now become more friendly to the Athenians than ever  It was true that Tissaphernes met with the Phoenicians at Aspendus  but would not let any ship go to the Peloponesians  He put them off with this weak excuse that not as many ships came to him as the king had commanded  However his purpose was to hold both parties of the Greeks in suspense  By siding with neither he hoped to make them destroy each other   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1339,"EventTxt":"The junta of   at Athens was dissolved and replaced by    The new government ratified the recalling of Alcibiades home into his country   Thucid         By the same order he was joined in his commission by Thrasybulus and Theramenes although they were absent at the time  Hence by the valour and virtue of the new government  the Athenian state was in a short time  greatly reformed and brought into a better order than ever before   Emil  Prob  in the life of Aleibiades","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1340,"EventTxt":"While the Peloponesians waited at Miletum  none of those whom Tissaphernes had left behind when he went for Aspendus took care to pay the navy  Neither did Tissaphernes himself pay them nor did the fleet come which he had promised  Both Philippus  who was sent with Tissaphernes to Aspendus and Hipposcrates from Phaselis wrote to Mindarus  who had the charge of the navy that he should not expect any ships or anything else of value from Tissaphernes  On the contrary  Pharnabazus  who served the king in these parts of Hellespont  showed them all the favour and friendship that they could imagine  For he solicited their coming and of his own accord incited all the Greek cities within his province  to defect from the Athenians  which Tissaphernes would have seemed to do too  hoping thereby to increase his own power  Mindarus was bothered by this news and made ready instantly   ships  He gave the word that they should leave suddenly so that the Athenians at Samos would not find out  He left Miletus and sailed straight to Hellespont  When Thrasyllus heard of this  he followed him from Samos with   ships   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1341,"EventTxt":"Mindarus and the Syracuse squadron had a fierce naval battle with Thrasyllus and Thrasybulus at the cape of Cynos sema  a place known by old Hecubae s tomb   The Athenians won losing only   ships but captured   of the enemies  ships  For more details see   Thucid         Diod  Sic   nd year of  nd Olympiad","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1342,"EventTxt":"The Athenians repaired their fleet as best they could  On the  th day after this fight they sailed from Sestos to Cyzicum which had revolted from them  When they saw   ships at Harpagium and Priapus which came from Byzantium  they attacked them  When they had beaten those who defended the ships from the shore  they captured the ships for their own use  They sailed to the unwalled town of Cyzicum and captured it and extorted a large sum of money from them   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593c AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1343,"EventTxt":"Alcibiades sailed from Samos with   ships and exacted large sums of money from those of Halycarnasius  He destroyed the country of Cos and fortified the town of Cos with a wall  Since winter was now approaching  he returned with much spoil to Samos   Thucid         Diod   nd year of  nd Olympiad","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593d AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1344,"EventTxt":"Astacus a Persian and lieutenant to Tissaphernes conceived a secret deadly hatred against the men of Delos  These were driven out of their old habitation and dwelt at Atramytrium  When he came that way  he sent for all the chief men among them as friends and confederates to come and serve the king in his wars  At the time when they were altogether eating dinner  he surrounded them with his soldiers and they killed everyone with their darts   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593d AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1345,"EventTxt":"Those of Antandrus in Eolia feared lest Astacus would do the same to them  They also disliked the heavy taxes which he imposed on them  Therefore  they sent for some Peloponesian soldiers from Abydus  They brought them secretly over Mount Ida into their city and expelled the garrison of Astacus from the citadel   Thucid","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593d AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1346,"EventTxt":"Tissaphernes returned from Aspendus into Ionia and was greatly disturbed by this last attempt of Antandrus and with others of Miletus and Cnidus  There the inhabitants expelled his garrisons also  He thought himself wronged by the Poloponesians  Therefore  he feared worse things from them and was troubled lest Pharnabazus in a shorter time and with far less cost should seem to have done more against the Athenians than he had done  Therefore he planned to go in person to the Poloponesians in Hellespont to reason with them concerning their expelling his garrison from Antandrus and to clear himself from the charges against him concerning the Phoenician fleet and other matters  As soon as he was come to Ephesus  he sacrificed to Diana   Thucid        in fi   Here ends the History of Thucidides which Theopompus continues for   more years and Xenophon for   years after that   Diod   nd year of  nd Olympiad   The writings of Theopompus are lost but the latter we do have partially preserved for us  Besides the poem of his history  we lack the first two years of it  That is from the end of the summer of the  st year of the Peloponesian war where Thucidides left off  to the end of the  rd summer of the same war","YearBCAD":-411,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3593,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4303,"Dating":"3593d AM, 4303 JP, 411 BC"}
{"Index":1347,"EventTxt":"Concerning the   ships sent back to Phoenicia  Tissaphernes cleared himself with the Lacedemonians by saying that he had received news that the coast of Phoenicia was in danger of attack by the Arabians and the king of Egypt  meaning king Amyrteus   as Diod  Sic  has it   rd year of the  rd Olympiad   However  Thucidides states that there only came   ships to Aspendus from Phoenicia and that they were all sent back again by Tissaphernes contrary to his promise","YearBCAD":-410,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3594,"JulPer":4304,"Dating":"3594 AM, 4304 JP, 410 BC"}
{"Index":1348,"EventTxt":"There was another naval battle between the Lacedemonians and Athenians at Cynos  sema  This was described by Theopompus  as a certain nameless Greek writer says  in the life of Thucidides","YearBCAD":-409,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3595,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4305,"Dating":"3595c AM, 4305 JP, 409 BC"}
{"Index":1349,"EventTxt":"Thymochares came to Athens with a small fleet of ships  There was another naval battle between the Lacedemonians and Athenians  The Lacedemonians under the command of Hegesandridus won   Xen  in the beginning of his History of the Greeks","YearBCAD":-409,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3595,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4305,"Dating":"3595d AM, 4305 JP, 409 BC"}
{"Index":1350,"EventTxt":"Not long after this in the beginning of winter  Dorieus  the admiral of the Thurian fleet from Italy sailed with   ships from Rhodes to the Hellespont to meet Mindarus  He was at Abydus for a meeting of all the friends and confederates of the Peloponesian nation  When Dorieus had sailed as far as Sigeum  a port in Troas  the Athenian navy at Sestos found out about his trip and destination  They sailed toward him with   ships  When Dorieus heard of their coming  he fled from there and beached his ships on the Rhaetaean shore  When he landed his men  with the help of the men of Dardania  they warded off an Athenian attack  When the Athenians saw that they could not prevail  they sailed back to Madytus to join the rest of their army  Mindarus who at that time happened to be at old Troy sacrificing to Minerva  saw this battle  He raced with   ships to the cape of Dardania to meet Dorieus and to save his ships  He also found the army of Pharnabazus ready to help the Lacedemonian navy against their enemies  The Athenian fleet of   ships came close to the shore of Abydus and there started a naval battle  Mindarus commanded   ships besides those of Dorieus  He placed the Syracusians in the left wing and he took the right wing  On the other side  Thrasybulus had the right wing and Thrasyllus the left  The fight lasted from morning to evening  neither side winning  Suddenly Alcibiades came sailing in with   fresh ships from Samos headed towards the Hellespont  When the Lacedemonians saw this  they fled towards Abydus  The Athenians chased them and captured   of their ships  A violent storm arose which prevented the Athenians from finishing off their enemies  The Peloponesians all escaped safely to shore and fled to the army of Pharnabazus that was there  During the battle  Pharnabazus rode his horse into the sea up to its saddle skirts and fought  He commanded his army to do likewise  The Peloponesians locked their ships close together into one mass and fought against their enemies from the decks close to the shore  When the night was drawing on  the Athenians returned to Samos with   empty ships which they had captured and there own fleet including the damaged ships  The next morning as soon as it was light  they gathered what spoils they could from the wrecked ships of their enemies  They erected a monument to the event and then left   ships to guard the Hellespont  The rest of the fleet was assigned to various destinations  Some gathered their tribute money  One of their chief captains  Thrasyllus  sailed back to Athens to let them know what a victory they had  He desired a supply of men and shipping for the carrying on of the war in those parts   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic        Plutarch in the Life of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-409,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3595,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4305,"Dating":"3595d AM, 4305 JP, 409 BC"}
{"Index":1351,"EventTxt":"About the first watch of the night  Mindarus went back to the seaside  and gave orders for repairing his ships which were damaged in the battle  He sent in all haste to Lacedemon for fresh supplies both by land and sea  While this was happening he planned to join his army with Pharnabazus to capture the tributary cities of the Athenians  that were in Asia   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-409,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3595,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4305,"Dating":"3595d AM, 4305 JP, 409 BC"}
{"Index":1352,"EventTxt":"In the mean time  Tissaphernes came into the Hellespont  Alcibiades planned to magnify himself after so glorious a victory over the Lacedemonians  He came to Tissapernes with rich presents and a princely train  Tissaphernes was in ill repute with the Lacedemonians and feared lest some accusation would be made against him to Darius  He laid hold on Alcibiades and put him in irons at Sardis  He pretended that this was the king s command and to show that he counted the Athenians as enemies  Within a month  he escaped with a fellow prisoner  Manitheus of Caria  He got horses and they escaped by night to Clazomenae  They let on that it was with the consent of Tissaphernes   Xenoph  Hellen        Plutarch in Alcibia","YearBCAD":-409,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4305,"Dating":"3596a AM, 4305 JP, 409 BC"}
{"Index":1353,"EventTxt":"Toward the end of winter  Mindarus with   ships went to Cyzicum and joined with the army of Pharnabus  They captured Cyzicum by force    ships under the command of Alcibiades  Thrasybulus and Theramenes attacked him  Mindarus was first routed at sea and then in a second fight on land in which Mindarus fought bravely and was killed  When the troops from Syracuse saw no means of escape  they set their own ships on fire  The rest of the fleet was captured by the Athenians who sailed them all to Proecannesus  This fight is more fully described  by Xenoph  Hellen        by Diod  Sic        by Plutarch in the Life of Alcibiades and by Polyanin  Stratag","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1354,"EventTxt":"The next day  the Athenians sailed from Proeconnesus to Cyzicum and they were received into the city which was abandoned by Pharnabazus and the Peloponesians   Xenoph   There they erected two monuments  the one for their victory at sea at the isle of Polydorus and the other for that on land where they first put the enemies to flight   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1355,"EventTxt":"Alcibiades stayed at Cyzicum   days  When he had extracted a vast sum of money from them  he departed without doing them any harm and returned to Proeconnesus   Xenoph","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1356,"EventTxt":"The commanders of the Athenians which remained behind at Cyzicum  came at length to Chalcedon  There they walled Chrysopolis and made it a place to gather tolls from every ship that passed by from Pontus   Xenphon Hellen        Polyb        p     Diod  Sic   th year of  nd Olympiad  They left a garrison and a fleet of   ships there under the command of Theramenes and Eubulus  This was to keep the town  to watch what ships came in and out at the mouth of Pontus and to do what mischief they could to the enemy   Xenoph","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1357,"EventTxt":"The Athenians intercepted letters written concisely from Hippocrates  the lieutenant of Mindarus to Lacedemon to the Ephori concerning the loss they had sustained at Cyzicum  It said  VV A  is lost  Mindarus is dead  Our men starve  We know not what to do   Xenoph  and Plutarch","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1358,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians sued for peace which was opposed by those who made a living from the war   Justin        c      For though the moderates of the Athenians were inclined to peace yet those who made their living by it chose to continue the war  Cleophon was one of the principal leaders of this latter group  He had spoken many proper things  Diod  Sic  elegantly expresses it  vv He made the people proud by recounting to them the greatness of their good successes  as if fortune did not bestow her favours in the war by turns","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1359,"EventTxt":"Cleophon with his fiery speeches stirred up the people to a carry on the war  though to his own shame later  He made lyres and it was common knowledge that he had been a slave and kept in irons  Later by various devices came to live in Athens  At this time  he won the people over to him by his munificence and grew so bold as to openly profess  vv that he would with his own hand cut off that man s head whomever he were  that would offer to speak any more of a peace","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1360,"EventTxt":"This is according to Eschines in his Oration  De false legation  i e  of a false embassy","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1361,"EventTxt":"The Peloponesians and their confederates from Syracuse and as many as had escaped alive from the fight  went to Pharnabazus  He courteously entertained and comforted them   Diod  Sic        He said they should not be discouraged by the loss of a few wooden ships since the king had more than enough wood in his kingdom to build more ships  The main thing was that the men were safe  He gave every man a new suit of clothes and two months pay in advance  He armed the sailors and placed garrisons all along the sea coast of his government  He assembled all the commanders of cities  and captains of every ship and ordered them to build as many new ships at Antandrus  as they had lost  He paid for this and allowed them to use timber from the mount Ida  When this was done  he sent to relieve Chalcedon   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596b AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1362,"EventTxt":"While this navy was being built  the men of Syracuse joined with the inhabitants of Antandrus and built a wall around the town  They greatly fortified the place  In return the Antandrians gave the Syracusians free use of their city   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596c AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1363,"EventTxt":"The captains of these troops from Syracuse were exiled by their country men at home  Their general Hermocrates  accused Tissaphernes at Lacedemon and they believed him and also the testimony of Astyochus  Hermocrates returned to Pharnabazus and without even asking he received from him a large sum of money  When he procured men and ships  he returned into his own country   Xenoph  Hellen        with Diod  Sic   th year of  nd Olympiad","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596c AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1364,"EventTxt":"Parasippidas was condemned to be exiled to Sparta  because it was thought that by his plotting with Tissaphernes  he had procured all that favoured the Lacedemonian party  In a riot at the isle of Thasus he was expelled  Cratesippidas was sent to replace him and take charge of the navy at Chios   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596c AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1365,"EventTxt":"With   ships he wasted his time about the coast of Ionia and did nothing worth the speaking of for a long time  Later when he was paid by the exiles from Chios  he brought them home again  He routed out the   of the opposing faction  These lived at Atarneum  the most fortified place on the continent opposite Chios and made daily attacks on them from there   Diod  Sic   th year of the  nd Olymiad","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596c AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1366,"EventTxt":"In the  rd Olympiad  Eubotas the Cyrenian won the prize in running  Archippus was the Ephorus at Lacedemon  Euctemon was the Archon at Athens  There was a new game introduced in the Olympics  It was a race by a team of mules pulling a coach  called EugwqizA or sugwqiz   Xenoph  Hellen          Diod  Sic          Pausan          Eliac  Julius Africanus in Catalog  Stadionicarum  Africanus adds that in the same Olymnpiad  Polydamantes the Seotussian won the prize at wrestling  He was the same man whom Darius Nothus sent for by messengers with large gifts for him to come to him at Susa  When he came he slew three of the king s guard  who were called the Immortal Guard   Herod        c      These rushed in on him all at once according to Pausan in his later book Eliator  In the same book  he mentions Eubotas  surnamed Stadionicus  who when the Oracle of Ammon had foretold that he should win the prize at running  had his own statue made before hand  When he did win the prize  he dedicated his statue in testimony of this all in one day","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596d AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1367,"EventTxt":"In this year  the Medes who had defected from Darius the king of the Persians  submitted to him again   Xenoph  Hellen         Herodotus in the beginning of his History   c      relates how the Medes revolted from Darius  They were defeated and again brought under his control  Because he makes mention of the war at Decelaea   Herod        c      which was waged   years earlier and of Amyraeus  son reigning after him   Herod        c       of whom I shall speak more in the year following   I gather that he either wrote or at least revised his History in the very later end of the Peloponesian war","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596d AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1368,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the summer  Thrasyllus at Athens  took command of the ships committed to his charge with   sailors  These were all armed as targeteers and he was to join with those other targeteers at Samos  When he had stayed there   days  he sailed to the coast of Pygega in Ionia  He first wasted the country in that area  He came at last with his army before the wall of the town  When some reinforcements came from Miletus  they attacked the lightly armed Athenians who were busy gathering the spoil from the country  The rest of the Athenians came to relieve their troops  and killed most of the Milesians  They gathered   of their bucklers from the slain and erected a monument with them  The next day they sailed to Notium and there took on supplies  They sailed to Colophas which presently yielded to them  The next night they entered into Lydia when their grain was almost ripe  They set many villages on fire  While they were scattered here and there and minded nothing but their plundering  Stages  a Persian   the same Tages  as it should seem  which I mentioned before in the year of the world   rom Thucidides  attacked them with his horse and took one prisoner  and slew seven of them   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596d AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1369,"EventTxt":"When Tissaphernes understood that Thrasyllus was ready to set sail for Ephesus to attack it by surprise  he gathered all the troops he could find  He sent about messengers into all parts  to order men to come in and defend Diana of the Ephesians  When Thrasyllus had spent   days in Lydia  he set sail for Ephesus  He landed his foot soldiers at Coressus  but the cavalry  targeteers and all the other soldiers  he landed on shore near a bog on the other side of the town  As soon as it was light  they approached the town in two companies  The troops in the town with the reinforcements Tissaphernes had sent them first attacked the foot solders who were at Coressus  They had routed them and pursued them to the seaside killing   men  After this they returned quickly and attacked those who were located near the bog  When they routed the Athenians and killed   of them  they erected one monument there and another at Coressus  Concerning their reinforcements  they highly rewarded the companies from Syracuse and Selinuntia because they behaved most valiantly  They promised freedom from taxes for ever to those that were expelled from their home city   Xenoph  Hellen         Plutarch also in the Life of Alcibiades mentions a brass monument set up to mock the Athenian nation","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596d AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1370,"EventTxt":"After a truce was made  the Athenians received the bodies of their slain and buried them at Notium  They sailed away to Lesbos and Hellespont  When they anchored at Methymna  a city of Lesbos  they spied   ships of the Syracusians with whom they fought at Ephesus  They attacked them and took   ships with all the men in them and routed the rest  They pursued them as far as Ephesus  Thrasyllus sent all the prisoners which he had taken to Athens  except for Alcibiades an Athenian  first cousin to Alcibiades and a banished man  These two were executed  They sailed for Sestus where the army was  From Sestus the whole army went to Lampsacus for the winter which they reckon from the beginning of autumn  When Alcibiades at Lampsacus wanted to create one large army  his soldiers refused to be mixed with those who had served under Thrasyllus  They said  We who have ever been conquerors  to be counted with those that were beaten and routed but the other day   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3596,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3596d AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1371,"EventTxt":"When Alcibiades and Thrasyllus troops had wintered together at Lampsacus   Diodorus writes  Labdacus  had fortified the area  They went to besiege Abydus  Pharnabazus came with a very great army to relieve it  He fought with the Athenians and was routed  Alcibiades chased Pharnabazus with his cavalry and   foot soldiers following him  He did not stop the chase until late in the night  After this victory  the whole army became friends and mixed with each other  They returned triumphantly into their camp from where they set out","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3597a AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1372,"EventTxt":"The next day Alcibiades set up a monument and went and wasted Pharnabazus  province with fire and sword without any opposition  All the priests which he took  he let go free without a ransom   Plutarch in Life of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3597a AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1373,"EventTxt":"When the Lacedemonians were upset with Tissaphernes  they sent Boeotius and other ambassadors with him to Darius  Boeotius easily obtained from Darius all that they ever wanted   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3597a AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1374,"EventTxt":"In the same winter Alcibiades and Thrasyllus armies attacked various countries that belonged to Darius on the continent and reeked havock there   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-408,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4306,"Dating":"3597a AM, 4306 JP, 408 BC"}
{"Index":1375,"EventTxt":"Darius put his   year old son Cyrus the younger in charge of all the sea coast  He was born after his father became king   Ctesias affirms this and Plutarch also in the Life of Artaxerxes   He had the title of satrap or governor of all those countries  He headed the army that was in the plain of Castolus in Lydia  He was ordered to join with the Lacedemonians in fighting the Athenians   Xen  Hellen             Expedit  Cyri        in instio   Justin  Justin        c      from Trogus  says  vv Darius king of Persia made his younger son Cyrus governor of all Ionia and Lydia  It was he who restored the Lacedemonians to former strength","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597b AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1376,"EventTxt":"Diodorus expressly states that Darius sent his son Cyrus to this very end  that in pursuing the war against the Athenians  he should relieve and help the Lacedemonians    st year of the  rd Olympiad   He also correctly states that Cyrus was made commander of all the governors by the sea coast   nd year of the  th Olympiad   and  in the  nd year of the same Olympiad  that he was made commander in chief  over all the provinces lying on the sea coast  It is obvious that both Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus though both satraps and governors of their provinces were both under his command","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597b AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1377,"EventTxt":"We read in Euseb  Chron  that after Amyrtaeus of Sois  Nepherites the king of a new dynasty succeeded him in the kingdom of Egypt  However we find   Diod  Sic   st year Olympiad    that next before Nephereus or Nepherites  Psammitichus reigned in Egypt  He was descended of the family of that old Psammetichus whom Manetho places in the  th Dynasty who was also of the Sais  Manetho       So that a man may well doubt  whether this was not Pausiris the son of Amyrtaeus  who by the help of the Persians recovered his father s kingdom  as Herodotus states   Herod        c      Concerning the number of this and other Egyptian kings  reigns  we have already discussed in our Egyptian Chronology","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597b AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1378,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring when Pantacles was Ephorus in Sparta and Antigenes Archon in Athens had held office for a year  the Athenians with all the forces they could gather  sailed into Proeconnesus  They left there and camped before Chalcedon   Xenoph  Hellen         Diodor  says that they went to Theramenes  who at that time lay before Chalcedon with   ships and   men   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597c AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1379,"EventTxt":"When the inhabitants of Chalcedon heard of the approach of the Athenian army  they sent away all their goods to the Thracians of Bithynia who were their neighbours  When Alcibiades heard of this  he went with all his cavalry and a part of his foot soldiers and demanded all those goods from them  He threatened force if they refused to deliver them  When he received these goods  he made peace with the Bithynians and returned to his camp before Chalcedon  He built a wooden wall before the city across the neck of land from sea to sea  When Hippocrates the Lacedemonian commander saw this  he gathered all his forces and fought with Thrasyllus  The battle was drawn for a great while until Alcibiades came in with his forces  both of cavalry and footmen  Hippocrates was killed and his men fled back into the city  While the fight continued  Pharnabazus and all his army came another way outside the wooden wall  He fought unsuccessfully to break through to rescue Hippocrates  He retired to Heracleum or the Temple of Hercules  which was in the territory of Chalcedon where his own camp was well entrenched   Xenoph  Hellen        and Plutarch in the Life of Alcibiadis","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597c AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1380,"EventTxt":"After this Alcibiades and Chersonesus went into the Hellespont to gather tribute  The rest of the commanders   though Diodorus says  only Theramenes  came to an agreement with Pharnabazus concerning Chalcedon  He would give them   talents and would convoy the Athenian ambassadors safely to the king  By solemn oath they covenanted with each other that the men of Chalcedon would pay the Athenians the same tribute as they did before with all arrears  In the mean time  the Athenians would not bother Chalcedon  until the return of their ambassadors from the king and the return Alcibiades  They sent two commissioners from Chalcedon and Pharnabazus sent two more from Crysopolis  They swore to keep this covenant and pledged their support to each other   Xenoph","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1381,"EventTxt":"When these things were done  Pharnabazus returned and wanted the ambassadors who were to go to the king  to meet him at Cyzicum  The names of the ambassadors were Dorothius  Philodices  Theogenes  Euryptolemus  Mautitheus and Cleostratus and Pyrolochus both from the Argivans  Passipedas and other ambassadors from the Lacedemonians also went  These all journeyed to the king  Hermocrates  who was banished from Syracuse and his brother Proxenus went with the group   Xenoph","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1382,"EventTxt":"While Pharnabazus was escorting the ambassadors to the king  Clearchus  a Lacedemonian commander  came to him from across the sea  He wanted money to pay their army and to assemble the ships into a fleet that were scattered  some at Antandrus  some in Hellespont and some in other places  He hoped to cause trouble for the confederate states of the Athenians  He hoped to draw off their forces from Byzantium  In his absence  Byzantium was betrayed and surrendered to the Athenians   Xenop","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1383,"EventTxt":"As these Athenian ambassadors were on their way to the king  they met Boeotius and the rest of the Lacedemonian ambassadors returning from the king  Cyrus was with them on his way to become governor of all the sea coasts of those parts  When they saw him they asked if they might safely continue their journey to the king and if not that they be allowed to return home safely  However  Cyrus ordered Pharnabazus either to turn over the ambassadors to him or to send them home again  Since Pharnabazus did not want the Athenians to know what was planned against them  he stalled for time  Sometimes he told them that he would take them to the king and sometimes that he would send them home again  So he delayed for three years  or rather  indeed of three months  and in the end by Cyrus  consent  he sent them home   Xenop","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1384,"EventTxt":"Alcibiades took   ships from Samos and sailed into the Bay of Ceramus in Caria  He gathered   talents and pillaged no less than   ships which he had either searched or sunk  He returned to Athens where he was declared general of all their armies with full and absolute power of command and received   talents from of the treasury of the city   according to Lysias  in his oration  against his son Alcibiades   He raised an army of   foot soldiers and   cavalry with   ships   Xephon  Hellen     Diod  Sic        Justin        c       Plutarch and Emil  Probus  in the Life of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1385,"EventTxt":"Satyrus the son of Spartacus  ruled the kingdom of Bosphorus Cimmerius for   years   Diod  Sic  year   Olympiad","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1386,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians replaced Cratesipidas their admiral when his term expired  by Lysander  When he came to Rhodes  he gathered the fleet there and sailed to the Isle of Cos and Miletus  From there he went to Ephesus with   ships and stayed there until Cyrus came to Sardis   Xenoph  Hellen         Ephesus welcomed him and the Lacedemonians  They were grieved by the loss of trade caused by the Persians  The Persian governors stayed most often at Miletus and attracted all the trade from them to that city  Therefore Lysander made Ephesus his residence and ordered all merchant ships to unload there  He made docks and had all ships for the navy built there  In a short time he filled their port with ships and their city with commerce and wealth   Plutarch  in the Life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1387,"EventTxt":"When Lysander knew that Cyrus came to Sardis  he and the rest of the commissioners from Sparta went there to him  He charged Tissaphernes very heavily  When the king ordered him to support the Lacedemonians to rid the sea of the Athenians  he on the contrary by Alcibiades  subordinate grew remiss  He kept back their pay from the mariners and utterly destroyed the Lacedemonian navy  Cyrus was more than willing to receive any information against Tissaphernes who was not a good fellow  Lysander befriended Cyrus  The more Lysander pressed Cyrus to do things  the bolder Cyrus was to promise that all would be done  Cyrus added that it was his father s command that it should be so and assured him that there would be no want either of effort or money on his part  For that purpose  he raised the pay of the mariners and sea soldiers from   soles by the day to    He paid the whole army all that was in arrears and advanced a whole month s pay  He paid to Lysander   darics for that purpose  By this  he put heart and courage into his seamen more than ever and left the Athenian fleet almost without sailors for the most of their ships  Because of greed for better pay  they left the Athenians and went to Lysander  Those who stayed grew idle and careless in the service and mutinous and troublesome daily to their commanders   Xenoph  Hellen        Diodor        and Plut  in the Life Lysander","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1388,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians heard this they were discouraged and through Tissaphernes  they sent ambassadors to Cyrus  Cyrus refused to see them even though Tissaphernes himself spoke for them  He told Cyrus that what he did  he did upon the advice of Alcibiades  His counsel was to hold the Greeks in balance and let neither side beat the other  Allow them to continue the war and by this to consume one another to nothing   Id  ibid   Although the Poloponesians were supported by the Persian purse  yet the Athenians held out for   whole years against them   Thucid         Who can wonder that the Athenian state was defeated and came to nought since the power of all the east helped in their destruction   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1389,"EventTxt":"Lysander returned to Ephesus and he rested for a while  In that time    of his damaged ships were refurbished   Xephon  Hellen       He sent for the leaders from every nearby city and made an alliance with them  He assured them that if everything in this war went as he hoped  he would make everyone of them a prince with his own city  They were so enthused that every man was ready to do more than Lysander could reasonably require from them  He had more provisions for the war effort than he could have imagined   Diod","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1390,"EventTxt":"When Alcibiades had heard that Thrasybulus was gone out of Hellespont to fortify Phocaea  he sailed to him  He left the fleet in the meantime  under the charge of Antiochus with a strict command that he should in no wise stir or fight with Lysander in his absence  However  Antiochus planned to sail to Ephesus with his own vessel and one other from Notium  as Xenophon and Plutarch state   Diodorus says  that he selected   of his best ships   He skirted along under the very noses of Lysander s ships  First  Lysander set out with a small company of ships and pursued him  When more and more ships came to help Antiochus  Lysander drew out his whole fleet and the Athenians did the same from Notium and other places  They arrived there in a disorderly way  They quickly lost   ships and the rest fled to saftey  Antiochus was killed in the fight  Lysander erected a monument at Notium and returned with the ships which he had taken to Ephesus  The remaining ships of the Athenians went to Samos  When Alcibiades heard what had happened  he went with his whole fleet before the port of Ephesus and there ranged it in battle array  Lysander did not stir for he had far fewer ships than the Athenians  Alcibiades returned to Samos again   Xenoph  Helllen        Diodor        Plut  in the Lives of Alcibiades and Lysander","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1391,"EventTxt":"Alcibiades sailed from Samos to Cuma  He made many false charges against them and after he took many of them prisoners  he brought them aboard his ships  The Cumeans rallied and attacked their enemies  Alcibiades was able to hold them off until the rest of those in that area came to their aid  Alcibiades returned the prisoners and was forced to flee to his ships for safety  This bothered him so he sent for more troops to Mitylene  He drew his men forth in a battalion before the walls of Cuma and dared them to come out to battle  When no man stirred  he led his men back to Mitylene after he first ravaged the surrounding country","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1392,"EventTxt":"The Cumeans sent to Athens and made their case against Alcibiades for plundering a confederate city and the surrounding area which had not offended the Athenians  When this case was made  others also complained about his conduct and misdeeds  A garrison in Samos  which did not like him  stole over to Athens and informed against him  They publicly charged him before the whole assembly of the people that he was dishonest and had secret communications with the Lacedemonians  They said he had private correspondence with Pharnabazus who assured him that if the Lacedemonians won  he would be made ruler of Athens   Diod","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3597,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3597d AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1393,"EventTxt":"The Cumeans on the one side and Thrasybulus on behalf of the armies on the other  accused Alcibiades of many wrong doings in his administration  Colon with   assistant commissioners were sent to replace Alcibiades as general of the army  When he heard of this  he sailed secretly to his own lands and citadels in the Chersonesus of Thrace   Diodor       Xenoph  Hellen        Plutarch in the Life of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-407,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4307,"Dating":"3598a AM, 4307 JP, 407 BC"}
{"Index":1394,"EventTxt":"Lysander sent for men having leadership qualities from the nearby cities and asked them to make as many friends as he could and help him  He assured them as before that as soon as the Athenians were defeated  he would replace the democratic governments in all those cities and make each one of them a ruler in his own city   Plut  in the Life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-406,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4308,"Dating":"3598b AM, 4308 JP, 406 BC"}
{"Index":1395,"EventTxt":"The moon was eclipsed   hours after sunset  Xenoph  Hellen         on the  th of April  according to the Julian Calendar  This is verified by the astronomical calculations","YearBCAD":-406,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4308,"Dating":"3598c AM, 4308 JP, 406 BC"}
{"Index":1396,"EventTxt":"When Pityas was Ephorus at Sparta and Callias  Archon at Athens  Lysander s year of command expired  Callicratidas was sent to be admiral of the navy  Although Lysander hated him  he surrendered the command of the ships but he returned the money he had received from Cyrus for the navy  to Cyrus at Sardis  He told Callicratidas to go ask Cyrus if he could have it and see how he could get money to pay the navy  This forced Callicratidas to go to Lydia to Cyrus and get money for the navy  Since he was not well known  he quickly grew impatient waiting to see Cyrus  He was put off from day to day  He said the Greeks had come to a low estate if they must now stand begging for pay from a company of barbarians  He delivered his request and left   Xenoph  Hellen        and Plut  in the Life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-406,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4308,"Dating":"3598c AM, 4308 JP, 406 BC"}
{"Index":1397,"EventTxt":"Callicratidas sailed to Miletus and got the money from them for the navy  He sailed to Chios and took the citadel of Delphinium which was held by   Athenians and destroyed it  After he got more money there for the sailors  he went to Teos  He slipped into the town by night and sacked it  He came to Lesbos  where he took Methymna the chief city of the island  Conon  the Athenian  hurried to their rescue but arrived too late  When he came and found the situation hopeless  he began to sail away  Callicratidas chased him with his fleet of   ships  He attacked and defeated him  Conon lost   ships and fled with the   that were left to Mitylene  Callicratidas followed him there and blockaded him by sea and land  While he besieged Mitylene  Cyrus sent the money to him  he asked for   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-406,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4308,"Dating":"3598c AM, 4308 JP, 406 BC"}
{"Index":1398,"EventTxt":"The Athenian navy of   ships sailed to Mitylene to break the blockade  Callicratidas  left Eteonicus with   ships to continue the siege and he sailed with   ships to the Arginuse Islands which were between Malea  the bay of Lesbos and Cape Catanis in Asia  He attacked the Athenians and was killed  The Athenians won the battle but lost   ships and most of the crew  A few were saved by swimming to shore  The Peloponesians lost   ships and fled to Chios  Most of the remaining fleet retired into the countries of Curna and Phocea   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic         This battle at the Arginuse Islands happened when Callias was Archon at Athens  the  rd year of the  rd Olympiad  This is confirmed by Xenophon and Diodorus  Atheneus affirms this in his  th book  Delphosoph","YearBCAD":-406,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3598,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4308,"Dating":"3598c AM, 4308 JP, 406 BC"}
{"Index":1399,"EventTxt":"Cyrus killed his two first cousins  Autobezaces and Mitreus  the sons of his father Darius  sister  When they met him  they had not pulled in their hands within their sleeves  This honour was reserved for the king only  Hieramenes and his wife  the parents  as it seems  of those who were killed heard about this  They told Darius that it was a shame for him to ignore so foul a deed by his son  Therefore  Darius sent for his son to come to him pretending that he was sick  Darius was in his camp at Thamneria in the country of the Medes where he went with his army against the Cadusians  a bordering nation which had recently revolted from him   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1400,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians who were scattered in the countries of Eolia and Ionia  met together at Ephesus  They sent messengers to Lacedemon to let them know how things went with them in Asia and to request that they might again have Lysander for their general  He had proved his worth in the previous year  Cyrus also joined with them in this request  Their law stated that the same man could not be twice admiral of their fleet  Therefore they gave the title of admiral to Aracus but committed the whole management of the war to Lysander as a lieutenant to Aracus  Lysander came to Ephesus and sent to Eteonicus to come to him with his ships from Chios  He was to gather from Peloponesus and other lands all the ships that he could  Lysander repaired those which he had and built new ones in the port at Antandrus   Xenophon  Hellen        Diodorus in the  rd and  th years of the  rd Olympiad  Plutarch in the Life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1401,"EventTxt":"Lysander journeyed to Cyrus and desired money from him as before  He got it after much difficulty  Cyrus made it appear to him that because he was so generous to him in the past  he was short of funds  Lysander immediately appointed sea captains over every ship and paid every ship and sailor his due   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1402,"EventTxt":"When the Carthaginians captured Gela in Sicily  they took the huge brass statue of Apollo  which was in his temple in the suburbs of the city  back to Tyre   Diod  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1403,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus received his father s message  he sent for Lysander to come unto him at Sardis  He did not want him to fight the Athenians at sea until he had a far larger fleet than he had now  He promised that when he returned he would bring with him a very great navy from Phoenicia Cilicia and other surrounding areas  He committed the care of all the cities of his government to Lysander  All tributes that belonged to him  he assigned to Lysander  What was left over he said Lysander could keep for himself   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    Plutarch in the Life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1404,"EventTxt":"Cyrus journeyed to his father and took Tissaphernes as a friend along with him and   Greek foot soldiers under the command of Xenophon of Arcadia   Xenophon de Expedit  Cyri     l p","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1405,"EventTxt":"When Cyras was gone  Lysander paid his army and went with his fleet to Ceramium a bay in Caria  He attacked the town Cedreas which was a confederate of the Athenians and captured it the next day  He sacked it and enslaved its inhabitants who were no better than a kind of half barbarous people   Xenoph  Hellen         However Diodorus  year    Olympiad     states  vv Lysander  with a great number of ships attacked Thasus  a city of Caria and confederate of the Athenians  He took it by force  and cut the throats of the   men there  He sold the women and children as slaves and levelled the city to the ground","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1406,"EventTxt":"He writes Thasians instead of Cedrenians  These were the inhabitants of the isle of Thasus  These lived far off from there  After the defeat of the Athenians at Egos Potamos and the final ruin of Athens  the Thasians were not taken by force by Lysander but surprised by a rase of his  This we may easily learn from a broken passage of  Emil  Probus  in the Life of Lysander   and the complete account of the matter by  Polyenus        Stratagem","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599 AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1407,"EventTxt":"At Miletus  a man overturned the democratic government there with the help of Lysander  In the Feast of Bacchus  they cut the throats of   of those those who opposed them in their own homes  Afterward in a crowded market  they seized   more of the richest people and cut off their heads  About   of the important people who feared for their lives  fled to Pharnabazus  the Persian governor in those parts  He entertained them very kindly and gave every one of them a statue of gold  He gave them a citadel in Claudia called Clauda to live in   I think this may be the island of Clauda mentioned in Ac        Dior  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1408,"EventTxt":"The Athenians set sail from Samos and came to Chios and Ephesus  When they had wasted the king s countries in these areas  they prepared for a sea battle  Meanwhile Lysander sailed with his fleet from Rhodes and left Ionia on the right hand and went to Hellespont  He planned to blockade that strait and destroy all cities in those parts that had revolted from him   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1409,"EventTxt":"Lysander sailed from Abydus with his fleet to Lampsacus  a confederate city of the Athenians  He was met by the men from Abydus who came by land and others under the command of Thorax  a Lacedemonian captain  They attacked the city  captured and sacked it  It was rich  full of grain  wine and other provisions  He sent away the Athenian garrison  According to his word  he allowed all freemen there to enjoy their liberty  When he had given its spoil to his soldiers  he left the place to its inhabitants   Plutarch  in the life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1410,"EventTxt":"The Athenian navy of   ships  was wholly surprised and taken by Lysander at Egos Potamos  in the strait of Hellespont  Barely   ships escaped with   soldiers and their commanders   Plutarch  in the life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1411,"EventTxt":"Conon their admiral  saw the Athenian cause was now hopeless  He did not want to return to Athens for fear of the cruelty of his country men  He escaped with   ships only to Cape Abarinders in Lampsacus  He took from there some main masts of Lysander s ships and sailed away to to his good acquaintence  Euagoras  king of Cyprus  He sent a small ship to Athens to tell them what had happened to him at Egos Potomos   Plutarch  in the life of Lysander  with Isocrat  in his Euagoras  Aristot         Rhetor  Justin       c     and Aristid  in Oratio  Rhodiaca","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1412,"EventTxt":"Lysander had rifled their camp and carried away the ships  prisoners and spoils and everything else  He found the Triumphant Songs to Lampsacus for pipe and flute  The same day he sent Theopompus who had been a Milesian pirate  to Lacedon with the news of this victory  He went in the best ship with pennants and streamers flying and all other magnificent attire  Philocles the captain took   days to complete the journey  They had   Athenian prisoners with them who had their throats cut except for Adimantus   Xenoph  Diodor  Plutarch","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1413,"EventTxt":"When Lysander had set all things in order at Lampsacus  he sailed to Byzantium and Chalcedon  Both cities opened their gates to him and sent away the Athenian garrisons in both places giving his word for safe conduct  When they who had formerly betrayed Byzantium to Alcibiades got away  they first went into Pontus and from there to Athens where they were all made free citizens  Lysander placed Sthenelaus  a Lacedemonian as governor of both Byzantium and Chalcedon  He returned to Lampsacus to repair his navy   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1414,"EventTxt":"Lysander expelled from every city any who favoured the Athenians and destroyed the democraties and all other forms of government he found  He left them only  Harmostae as they were called in Sparta or Moderators to govern them  Each city was divided into ten wards  He appointed ten men to rule the city  He only chose those who were formally loyal to him or would sware allegence to him  Thus he created a Decemvirate or a government of ten men in every city  These were all loyal to him and did his bidding   Plut  and Emil  Prob  in the life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1415,"EventTxt":"After Lysander had spent a little time in this  he sent word to Sparta that he was ready to sail with   ships  Together with Agis and Pausanias  the Spartan kings  he immediately came to besiege Athens  hoping to take it in a short time  When he found that they defended themselves beyond his expectation  he returned into Asia  There he abolished all deomocraties and established everywhere his Decemvirates or government by ten men  He killed many and forced the rest to flee for their lives  At Miletus he helped his friends destroy the democratic there  They had joined an opposing party  He most cunningly managed the matter so that he delivered no less than   of the democratic party to be murdered by those which stood for an aristocracy in that city   Plutarch  in the life of Lysander","YearBCAD":-405,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3599,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4309,"Dating":"3599d AM, 4309 JP, 405 BC"}
{"Index":1416,"EventTxt":"The Athenians were besieged by sea and land by the Lacedemonians  They surrendered under certain conditions  However  on the  th day of Munichion the Attic month  the  th of April  according to the Julian Calender  as Plutarch in his life reports  they were told that they had broken the articles because they had not demolished their walls within the   day time limit  Hence  it is gathered  that that peace tready was made upon the  th of their month Munichion  that is on April    Thus ended the Peloponesian war after   years of fighting   Thucidides in his  th book","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1417,"EventTxt":"Shortly after this peace  Darius king of all Asia died after he had reigned for   years  His oldest son  Artaxerxes reigned for   years after him   Diodor  Sic  year   Olympiad     However  Ctesias who was physician to Artaxerxes  says  that Darius Ochus died at Babylon  He was succeeded by Arsacus or Arsaces who was born to him by Parysatis before he became king  When he became king  he changed his name to Artaxerxes  From respect the greatness of that king  he was surnamed Mnemon  To which also  as I conceive refers that account of  Athenaus        Deipnosoph   where he says that when Ochus was dying  he was asked by his oldest son by what wisdom and policy he had guided the state for so many years  He wanted to learn from the king the correct way to rule the kingdom  The old king replied that he had done it by always doing right to both God and man  Darius Ochus was often urged by his wife Parylatis  who loved her younger son Cyrus more than the older to follow the example of Darius Hystaspes  He left his first son that was born after he became king  the kingdom not the first born son who was born before this  However he would not listen to her  By his last will  he gave the kingdom to his oldest son Artaxerxes and to his younger son Cyrus all those cities and territories which he had at that time under his government in Asia   Plutarch in the life of Artaxerxes  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1418,"EventTxt":"As soon as Artaxerxes came to the throne  his wife Statyra persuaded him to take Vadiastes  who had murdered Terituchmes  her brother and husband to Amistris  who was Artaxerxes  own sister  He had his tongue to be drawn backward out of his mouth and be cut off and he was killed  He made Mitredates or Mithridates  son   who had preserved the city Zaris for the son of Terituchmes   satrap or governor in his place   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1419,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes went to Pasargada  where according to the custom  he was to take off his robe and to put on the robe which old Cyrus had worn before he became king  He was inaugurated according to the ancient regal ceremonies by the priests of Persia  Tissaphernes brought him the priest  who had instructed his brother Cyrus in his childhood  according to the custom of his country and taught him the principles of the art of magic  He was trusted by Artaxerxes when he accused Cyrus of plotting against the king  When Artaxerxes was taking off his own robes  he attacked his brother and planned to murder him in the very temple   Plutarch  in the life of Artax","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1420,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes had his brother held for he planned to have him executed  He put him in gold chains out of the respect of his royal blood  When he was to be killed  his mother caught him about the middle and then threw her hair around his neck and tied him with her hair  After many tears and lamentations she secured his pardon and position back  He was sent again to his command in Lydia and the other sea towns in Asia   Plutarch  in the life of Artax   Xenoph  in Expediso  Cyri        Justin        c  Ult   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1421,"EventTxt":"Alcibiades feared the power of the Lacedemonians who commanded all the sea and land  He left that part of Bithynia which belonged to the Thracians and carried with him a great quantity of silver and gold  However  he left much more behind in the citadel where he had been  As soon as the Thracians knew about his wealth  they planned to catch him and take his money  They missed him for he stole secretly away to Pharnabazus in Phrygia  He was so taken and enamoured with Alcibiades  gentle behaviour that no man was so close to him as Alcibiades was  Hence he gave him the citadel of Grynium in Phrygia  He made   talents a year in tribute from the place   Plut  and Emil  Prob  in the life of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1422,"EventTxt":"The Lysandrian feast and games were instituted in honour of Lysander  When Antimachus and Niceratus contested in Poetry  Lysander gave the garland to Niceratus  Antimachus was so disappointed that he burnt his own poem  The youth  Plato  cheered him and told him that ignorance harmed only the ignorant themselves  as blindness did the blind   Plut  in the life of Lysander  with Diod  Sic   th  year  rd Olympiad  from Apollodorus","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3600c AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1423,"EventTxt":"In the next Olympiad after the capture of Athens by Lysander  Crocinas a Thessalian won the prize in running  This was the  th Olympiad  Xenephon  Xeneph  Hellen      states that there was an eclipse of the sun which the astronomical calculations show happened on the morning of September","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3600,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3600d AM,4310JP,404BC"}
{"Index":1424,"EventTxt":"When Cyrus returned safely into Lydia  he remembered how his brother had shackled him and began to plan how he might avoid future problems with his brother and how he might make himself king  Therefore he gathered as many Greek soldiers as possible and made various excuses to gather a great army from many nations  He planned a surprise attack on his brother   Xenoph  Exped  Cyr        Plutarch in the Life of Artaxerxes   He sent Lysander a gift of a ship made all of gold and ivory    cubits  a yard  high  He congratulated him with this gift for the great sea victory he had  Lysander put the present in the treasury of Brasidas and Acanthians   Plutarch in his Lysander  Lysander came to him at Sardis to deliver a present from all the confederate cities  Among these things was perhaps that jewel or necklace  which Elian   Var  Histor        c      says  was sent to him from Scopas the younger from Thessaly  Cyrus welcomed him and showed him his orchard which he had laid out and planted himself  He entertained Lysander with a discourse on husbandry as recorded by Xenophon in his Oesonimies  in the person of Socrates","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3601a AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1425,"EventTxt":"Among the Persians  Satabarzanes accused Orontes for keeping company with Parysatis  the king s mother  His other wife had always been faithful to him  Therefore Orontes was executed  Parysatis grew unhappy with her son and had Mithridatis that son of Terituchnes  son to be poisoned   Ctesias","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3601a AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1426,"EventTxt":"When Alcibiades learned that Cyrus intended to make a war against his brother with the Lacedemonian s support  he planned to go quickly to Artaxerxes  He wanted to be the first to expose this treason and hoped to get some reward for himself as Themistocles had done before him  He also wanted the king s help to free his country of Athens from their Lacedemonian bondage  Meanwhile  Critias  one of those   tyrants  whom Lysander had set over the Athenians to rule them  told Lysander to have Alcibiades killed or all that he did at Athens would be undone  Lysander did nothing until a cipher was brought him from Lacedemon ordering him to kill Alcibiades  Lysander sent to Pharnabazus to let him know that unless he immediately gave him Alcibides either dead or alive  the league between the king and the Lacedemonians would be broken and war would break out again  Pharnabazus sent Susamithres  uncle and Magaeus   whom Emil  Probus calls Bagoas  to murder Alcibiades while he was in a certain place in Phrygia called Melissa near the mountain of Elophois  He was preparing for his journey toward the king","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3601a AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1427,"EventTxt":"The people of the country whom they had hired to kill him  dared not attempt it directly  In the dead of the night they put a great pile of wood around the house where he was sleeping and set it on fire  When Alcibiades escaped they shot arrows at him which killed him  They carried his head to Pharnabazus  His sweet heart wrapped the rest of his body in her own gown   A little before he had dreamed that he was wrapped in it   She buried the body in the same fire which the house was burned with and gave him as honourable a funeral as she could afford   Ephorus       cited by Diod  year    Olym     Aristot  Histor  Animal        c     Cic        de Divina  Valer  Max     I e     Justin        c     Athen  Deipnosaph        Plutarch and Emil  Prob  in their lives of Alcibiades","YearBCAD":-404,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4310,"Dating":"3601a AM, 4310 JP, 404 BC"}
{"Index":1428,"EventTxt":"Clearchus a Lacedemonian was a tyrant of Byzantium  He was overthrown by his own people under the leadership of Panthoedas  He stole away by night and came into Ionia  He learned that Cyrus planned to attack his brother  He befriended Cyrus and was made general of all his forces  Cyrus found that he was a proud  courageous and daring man  He gave him   dracmas  He raised forces and marching from Chersonsus and attacked the Thracians that bordered northward upon Hellespont  Because it seemed to the advantage of the Greeks  therefore the cities of Hellespont contributed willingly to the support of the army  So that these forces were maintained secretly for the service of Cyrus   Xenophon de Expedit  Cyri        Diodor  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-403,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4311,"Dating":"3601b AM, 4311 JP, 403 BC"}
{"Index":1429,"EventTxt":"Lysander brutally wasted the province of Phrygia and other places under the government of Pharnabazus  Therefore he complained about this at Lacedemon where he was held in great esteem and much beloved because he had much wealth and always supported their state against its enemies  Therefore the Ephori were greatly displeased with Lysander  They killed Thorax  his good friend because they found that he had a store of money in his house  They sent their cypher to Lysander and recalled him from Asia  Hereupon Lysander entreated Pharnabazus to write letters to justify him  This he publicly did  These were so well done that Lysander could not have wished for better  Since he had other letters already written  he inserted them into the bundle when they were sealed  He sent them away by Lysander to Lacedemon for the Ephori  Thereby  he was made to be the accuser against himself   Plut  and Emil  Prob  in their lives  of Lysander and Polyanus        Stratagem","YearBCAD":-403,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4311,"Dating":"3601c AM, 4311 JP, 403 BC"}
{"Index":1430,"EventTxt":"Not long after this  he was permitted by the Ephori to travel to visit the temple of Jupiter Ammon  He pretended that it was to pay the vows which he had made before he entered into certain battles which he had fought in their service  However the real purpose was to bribe the priests there for his own ends  To that end  he carried with him a large sum of money  There he had an old friend of his father  King Lybis  In memorial of that friendship his father named his younger brother  Lybis  The chief priest of that oracle would not be bribed and informed against him at Sparta  When he returned to Sparta  he was called into question for it but was acquitted by the court   Diodor  year   of the  th Olympiad  Plutarch and Emil  Probus in their lives of Lysander","YearBCAD":-403,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3601,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4311,"Dating":"3601c AM, 4311 JP, 403 BC"}
{"Index":1431,"EventTxt":"At this time all the cities of Ionia  except Miletus which was under the government of Tissaphernes  defected to Cyrus  When Tissaphernes was residing at Miletus  he learned that the Milesians were also inclined toward Cyrus  He thwarted their purpose by killing some of them and expelling others  When these came to Cyrus  he graciously received them  He immediately gathered an army by land and sea to restore to them their city   Xen  De Expedit  Cy        p      Among his army was Socrates of Achaia with   foot soldiers and Pasio of Megara with almost   more   Xen  De Expedit  Cy        p     Cyrus  admiral  Tamos an Egyptian  blockaded Miletus with   ships   Xen  De Expedit  Cy        p","YearBCAD":-402,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3602,"JulPer":4312,"Dating":"3602 AM, 4312 JP, 402 BC"}
{"Index":1432,"EventTxt":"Cyrus sent to Artaxerxes requesting that he would entrust those cities to him rather than with Tissaphernes  His mother supported him in this  When the king learned that there was no treason in this action  but Cyrus had kept an army only to oppose Tissaphernes  he was content that they should forget past differences  For Cyrus duly sent to Artaxerxes the tribute from those cities  which Tissaphernes had formerly held   Xen  De Expedit  Cy        p","YearBCAD":-402,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3602,"JulPer":4312,"Dating":"3602 AM, 4312 JP, 402 BC"}
{"Index":1433,"EventTxt":"This Cyrus was never king either of Persia or Babylon  He is the man  whom Geor  Harvartus fancies was the king who after the end of the Babylonian captivity  allowed the Jews to return home with their governor Zerubbabel and Joshua  or Jeshua  the son of Jozadak the high priest  However  it was Artaxerxes Mneonon who was then king of Persia  and Johannes  who in Ne            is called Johanan and Jonathan  was the high priest of the Jews  The governor of the Jewish nation was a certain Persian Lord  whom Josephus Antiquit         c      says was called Bagoses a captain of another Artaxerxes as Rasinus translates him  That is another descendent from Artaxerxes Longimanus of whom Josephus had spoken in the next precedent chapter  But the relationship which he makes between these men is this","YearBCAD":-402,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3602,"JulPer":4312,"Dating":"3602 AM, 4312 JP, 402 BC"}
{"Index":1434,"EventTxt":"Jesus was brother to Johannes the high priest whom Bogoses was a close friend and promised to bestow the next high priesthood on him  Confident of Bogoses  support  Jesus became very bold  First he had an argument with John and then a public brawl with his brother in the very temple  He provoked John so much that his brother slew him in the place  When this happened  Bagoses came and profaned the temple by entering it  He said that the high priest had already polluted it with his own brother s blood  For the next   years he vexed the Jews for that murder and lay a heavy fine upon them  Before they offered their daily sacrifice  they should pay  not for every year  as the common translations of Josepheus and from them Salianus have it  but for every lamb    drachmas  This punishment continued only as long as that Johannes was the high priest  We determine this happened in the reign of Artaxerxes Mnemon  not Artaxerxes Ochus  With the beginning of Artaxerxes Mnemon s reign we therefore reckon this because we find mentioned Johannes or Johanan  though not then the high priest  in Ezr     Ne      For between the  th year of Artaxerxes Longimanus to which that history of Ezra refers and the end of the  th year of Artaxerxes Mnemon s reign  before which we suppose and take for granted  that this Johannes did not die  there was at least   years according to our account  So he died after living over   years and his son Jaddus succeeded him in the priesthood and held it to the reign of Alexander the Great  He died about the age of    if we suppose that he was born the end of Darius Nothus  reign  This is an aside  We now return to the history of Cyrus the younger  who died before he was   years old","YearBCAD":-402,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3602,"JulPer":4312,"Dating":"3602 AM, 4312 JP, 402 BC"}
{"Index":1435,"EventTxt":"Cyrus sent messengers to Lacedemon and asked them that as he from time to time had supported them with men and money against the Athenians  so now they would send him men  He bragged that if they sent them footmen  he would give them horses  if horsemen  chariots  if they had lands  he would give them towns  if towns  cities for their reward  For their wages  they would have it not by number but by weight paid to them  Hereupon  the Lacedemonians determined what he asked for was right and that this war be to their advantage  Ignoring the fact that this war was against Artaxerxes  they planned to send him aid hoping to ingratiate themselves to Cyrus  If things did not go as planned they had a good excuse to Artaxerxes that they had decreed nothing against him in person  The Ephori sent letters to their admiral at Samos to do whatever Cyrus required   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year   Olympiad    Justin       c  ult  Plutarch in the Life of Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603 AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1436,"EventTxt":"Therefore the Lacedemonian admiral with his ships sailed to Ephesus to meet with Tamos the Egyptian  admiral to Cyrus and offered Tamos his services to the best of his ability  He joined his fleet with Tamos  fleet  They sailed around the coast of Ionia to Caria so that Syenesis the governor of those lands  would not move to hinder Cyrus in his march by land against his brother   Xenoph  Hellen         Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     Xenophon  Cy        p         Diodorus says  that Samos  the Lacedemonian admiral at Samos  had   ships and Tamos had    Upon the more accurate testimony of Xenophon  in his book of this journey  undertaken by Cyrus  Tamos had only   ships and Pythagoras the Lacedmonian      for he makes him to be the other admiral and not Samos","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603 AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1437,"EventTxt":"Cyrus with his army of foot soldiers resolved to march into upper Asia under the pretence that he went against the Pisidians who often attacked areas under his control  Thereupon he sent for Clearchus the Lacedemonian  Aristippus of Thessaly  Xenes of Arcadia  the banished of Miletus  the army which besieged Miletus  He sent Proxenus a Boeotian with all the speed he could make to the Greeks and others to come quickly to Sardis   Xenoph  de Exped  Cy","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603 AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1438,"EventTxt":"When Tissaphernes determined that a much greater force was being assembled then an attack on the Pisidians would require  he hurried away with   cavalry as fast as he could to Artaxerxes  When he knew what was happening  he prepared for war   Xenoph  de Exped  Cy","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1439,"EventTxt":"Cyrus left some of his trusted Persian friends to manage affairs at Lydia  He entrusted his good friend Tamos  the Egyptian admiral to take care of the cities of Ionia and Eolia in his absence  He marched with his army towards Caria and Pisidia under the pretence that certain persons in those parts were unruly   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     vv But how Cyrus gathered his army  marched against his brother  how the battle was fought and how Cyrus perished in it and how those Greeks who went with him  came back again safely to the sea  i e  into Asia Minor  Themistogenes of Syracuse has recorded  Xenophon states this in the beginning of the third book of his Greek History  If we compare this part of the history with Plutarch s book   de Gloria Athenicusium   he says that Xenophon wrote a history of himself  He recorded how he was a captain and what exploits he did  Then he said that Themisogenes of Syracuse had written it  thus giving away the glory of this his writing to another man so that the things therein written of himself  might find the more credit in the world","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1440,"EventTxt":"And another place in Suidas  he shows  vv That the Expedition of Cyrus  which commonly goes with Xenophon s History of the Greeks and some other pieces concerning his own country  were all of Xenophon s own writings","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1441,"EventTxt":"For indeed  these books of the Expedition of Cyrus went before with the rest of his Greek Histories  In the end of it  he plainly says  that the writer of it was present at all those events  Therefore the work itself  which is everywhere full of Xenophon s noble acts  is attributed to him not only by Plutarch but long before him by Cicero  Dionysins  Halicarnassaeus  Hermogenes  Laertius  Athenaeus and  not to speak of our Divines  Eusebius  and Jerome  by Arianus of Nicomedia  Themistogenes also had the nick name of New Xenophon as we read in Photius and Suidas because he compiled the discourses of his teacher Epictetus in   books  as Xenophon had done for those of his teacher Socrates  Also  as Xenophon had written that Expedition of Cyrus in   books  so he had written the Expedition of Alexander in   books  Although Xenephon in his Expedition of Cyrus which has a brief preface to every book but not to the set in general as Laertius has noted  Where as in every book except the  th  Themistogenes made a preface using a summary of the previous books which Xenophon did not do in his books  Themistogenes has details in those books which do not flatter Xenophon  Therefore  I am rather inclined to think that these books were written by Themistogenes and not by Xenophon  However  I followed the authority of those ancient writers  I have all along cited him by the name of Xenophon  as they have done before me","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1442,"EventTxt":"Now of those five points mentioned by Xenophon  Xenop  Hellen         and said to have been written by Themistogenes the first four are entirely in the first book of this Expedition of Cyrus     The gathering of his army     Their marching into upper Asia and coming to the place where they fought     The details of the battle     The fall of Cyrus in that battle","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1443,"EventTxt":"Cyrus left Sardis  where Xenophon had met him after being sent for from Athens by Proxenus the Boeotian  There he volunteered for the action  as we find in the  rd book and came to Celaenae in Phrygia  He stayed there   days  During that time Clearchus and other Greek commanders came from various parts to him  They assembled a force of       foot soldiers and about   targeteers","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603b AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1444,"EventTxt":"From Celaenae  Cyrus came with his army to the bank of Cayster  He received money from Epiaxa the wife of Syenesis the king of Cilicia   Cyrus was formerly thought to have been too familiar with her   He paid his army the   back months he owed them plus the next month in advance  Epiaxa arrived at Tartius in Cilicia   days before Cyrus  She persuaded her husband Syenesis to come there also and to give Cyrus a vast sum of money toward the support of his army  Both Ctesias and Diodorus add  that Syenesis  like a wise man  supplied both Cyrus and Artaxerxes with the necessities for the war  For having two sons  he sent one of them to Cyrus with a competent number of men for his service  However he had sent away the other privately before to Artaxerxes to let him know that with such an army as Cyrus had  he dared not oppose Cyrus but publicly joined with him  Nevertheless he was loyal to Artaxerxes and would defect to him as soon as he could find an opportunity  Cyrus stayed   days at Tarsus where the Greek companies told him plainly that they would march no farther  Clearchus by his tact  changed their mind so they marched to Issus  This was the remotest city of Cilicia where Cyrus  fleet met him bringing him   foot soldiers  but Diodorus says    The Lacedemonians had sent these men to Cyrus under the command of Chirosophus  Also   foot soldiers who had formerly served Artaxerxes under their captain Abrocomus came into his camp  However  Abrocomus left Phaenicia with     men and marched to Artaxerxes and arrived   days before the battle  By leaving the place where he was  Cyrus passed the straits of Syria and without halting came to the place of the pending battle  He travelled from Ephesus to that place in   days and marched   parasanges or about   miles or over   miles a day","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1445,"EventTxt":"According to Plutarch  the battle was fought at Cynaxa which is about   miles from Babylon  According to the  nd book of the Expedition of Cyrus  that the fight was about   miles from Babylon  Jacobus Capellus  thinks it should be read  from Susa  In the army of Cyrus there were about     Greek soldiers although Justin         c  ult   says  there were not more than      Of these  there were     foot soldiers and   targeteers  From the other nations      men and about   hooked chariots  Artaxerxes had     men and   hooked chariots  However  Ctesias Cnidius  who was in the battle is quoted by Plutarch and Ephorus who is cited by Diodorus state there were only      In the battle     soldiers of Artaxerxes died according to Diodorus and   on the side of Cyrus  However  Ctesias in Plutarch states that Artaxerxes lost not more than   soldiers and not more than     died that day  This battle was fought the  th year Olympiad    when Xenaenetus was archon in Athens and one year before Socrates was put to death there   Diogenes Laertius  in the life of Socrates","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1446,"EventTxt":"In this battle the two brothers met and Artaxerxes was first wounded through his coat of armour  Ctesias helped him recover from this wound  Cyrus carried on with good success against his brother  fearing no danger and was slain by an unknown hand in the battle  Artaxerxes spent his rage upon the dead body of his brother  He severed his head from the body of him and cut off the hand from the arm that had wounded him  He carried it about in a triumphant manner  When his sorrowful mother came to Babylon she tearfully gathered up his remains and buried them there  The battle between the two brothers is more fully described by Plutarch  from Ctesias and Dinon","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1447,"EventTxt":"When the king came to rifle his camp  he found and took the concubine of Cyrus  She was a woman much renowned for her wit and beauty   Xenoph        p     Exped  Cy   She was a Phoecaean who was born in Ionia the daughter of Hermotimus  Her name was Mitto but was changed by Cyrus to Aspasia because she seemed equal to Aspasia the Miletian  who was the mistress of Pericles  See note on   AM  Artaxerxes was anxious to get her  When she was brought to him all bound  he grew exceedingly angry with those who had brought her and laid them in irons  She was most highly esteemed of all the   concubines he had and he doted on her the most   Plut  in the lives of Pericles and Artaxerxes  Ilian  Var  Hist        c     Justin        c","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1448,"EventTxt":"The Greeks on the other side did not know that Cyrus was dead so they kept on fighting  In their quarter they beat back Tissaphernes and all his forces with a squadron of about   Greeks according to Isocrates  In his Panegyric  he adds  vv that they were not of the best Greeks but the mere refuse of them and such as could no longer live in their own homes  These now in a strange country  forsaken of their companions  betrayed by their companies and bereft of their captain whom they followed to this war","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1449,"EventTxt":"The king came with most of his army to rescue Tissaphernes  He entered their camp and rifled it  However  when the Greeks returned from the pursuit of Tissaphernes  they recovered their camp and drove the king from it  They spent the night there with no food and went hungry the next day too  This is the end of Xenophon s first book of Cyrus  Journey","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1450,"EventTxt":"The second book describes how these Greeks under the command of Clearchus planned to return home again  Tissaphernes promised to escort them back with his own forces and to guide them  He broke this promise  He rounded up Clearchus  with Proxenus  Agias and Socrates with  more captains and   soldiers to be murdered  Ctesias also in his Persian History   which the author of this book of the voyage of Cyrus had undoubtedly read  had formerly told us how cunningly Tissaphernes worked  Using Menon  a Thessalian and by his promises he captured Clearchus and the rest mentioned in the group  They were put in irons and sent to the king at Babylon  Ctesias tells how he was the physician to Parysatis  the king s mother  Through her he was able to help Clearchus while he was in prison  Through her request to the king  the king had promised that Clearchus would not be harmed  However  by the instigation of Statyra his queen  the king had Clearchus and all the rest of the commanders except Menon to be butchered  All the bodies were thrown out and devoured by wild beasts and birds  Only the body of Clearchus was covered and preserved by a huge sandhill caused by a strong wind   Ctesias in the collections of Photius and Plut  in the life of Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603c AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1451,"EventTxt":"In Xenophon s  rd and  th book  he narrates the journey back to Greece of the rest of the Greeks whom Tissaphernes did not capture  Xenophon had the soldiers choose new captains to replace the ones they lost  Xenophon was chosen to replace Proxenus  He describes their journey through many enemy countries and how they endured the very cold winter and many hardships and dangers  Finally they returned home safely  This account is found in Diodorus Siculus   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     and in Isocrates  Panegyric","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603d AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1452,"EventTxt":"For his good service in this war  Artaxerxes gave Tissaphernes all the governments which his brother Cyrus held in addition to what he had before   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad      He lavished many other expensive gifts and favours on him  Lastly  he gave him his own daughter for a wife  Tissaphernes was his most confident friend and servant   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603d AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1453,"EventTxt":"For   days  Parysatis  the king s mother tortured the Carian who mortally wounded Cyrus in the thigh  She had his eyes pulled out and boiling lead poured in at his ear holes until he died  Mithridates  who first wounded Cyrus and bragged that he had killed him  was put between two boats  He lay there for   days until he was eaten out with worms  Parysates won Bagabaeus  the king s eunuch from the king at a dice game  It was he who ordered Cyrus  head and right hand to be cut off  She had him flayed alive and then his body was laid across three crosses and his flayed skin hung near it  After this by the humble suit of the king  Parysatis stopped mourning for her son Cyrus   Ctesias and Plutarch in the life of Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603d AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1454,"EventTxt":"Parysatis had the queen Statyra  her daughter in law poisoned  Statyra had a trusted maid servant called Gingis or Gigis  Dinon says she willing helped in the death of Statyra  Ctesias said she did it against her will  The one who gave the poison was called Bellitara by Ctesias and Melantas by Dinon  There is a little bird in Persia called Rhintaces or Rhindaces which has no excrements at all but all its guts are full of fat  One of these birds  Parysatis cut in two with a knife and gave the poisoned half to Statyra as they sat at dinner  This is what Ctesias thinks happened  However  Dinon says that it was Melanta not Parysatis  who served her the poisoned bird  When the Queen died in extreme torments after this  the king suspected his mother for it  She was well known for her cruelty and implacable disposition of nature  He had the servants and carvers to be questioned and used the rack on them  Parysatis kept Gingis a long time in her own chamber and though the king required her yet would she not give her up to justice  At last Ginges desired to steal secretly to her own home by night  Artaxerxes captured her and punished her as a poisoner  He did not harm his mother but when she asked permission to go to Babylon  he gave it to her  However  he told her that while she lived  he would not come there   Plutarch  in the life of Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603d AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1455,"EventTxt":"Aristo  with some others  surprised the city of Cyrene  In the battle they slew   of the principal men of the inhabitants  The rest escaped  These joined with some   of the Missenians  whom the Lacedemonians at this time had expelled from their country  They fought in an open field with those who had taken their city  In the fight  many of the Cyrenians on both sides were killed  Almost all the Missenians were killed  When the fight was over  the Cyrenians agreed with an oath to forget the past and live together peacefully   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3603,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3603d AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1456,"EventTxt":"Tissaphernes  Diodorus incorrectly writes Pharnabazus  was sent by Artaxerxes to take charge of all the governments in Asia Minor  He also wanted all the cities of Ionia   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3604a AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1457,"EventTxt":"When Tissaphernes came  all the governors and cities who had followed Cyrus were afraid and sued for peace  Tamos the Egyptian who was the most important of these  was governor of Ionia   See notes on      b AM   He loaded his fleet with all his treasure and his sons except Gaus   who later became the king s general  and sailed to Egypt  He visited Psammyticus the king and was confident of good treatment because of how he had treated Psammyticus in the past  However  Psammyticus disregarded past favours done to him and butchered him and his children to get the ships and treasure which he had brought   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3604a AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1458,"EventTxt":"The Greeks  of whom I spoke before  departed from Trapezus which was the first Greek city they came to  It is situated on the coast of the Euxine Sea in the country of Colchos  After a   day march  they came to another Greek city in the same country of Colchos  It was also a sea town as was the former town and was called Cerasunta  They stayed there   days and numbered their men  Only   remained of the   they started with  The rest were lost  Either they were killed by the enemy in the battle or they died in the snow or of other sicknesses on their return journey  From there  they went through the countries of the Mosynaecori  the Chalybes and Tybarenians and came to a Greek town called Catyora  a colony of the Synopians    months or rather  as the order of the history implies    months after the battle in the country of Babylon  They journeyed from there to this place in   days and marched   parasanges or  iles  about   miles per day   They stayed here   days   Exped  Cy         Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-401,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4313,"Dating":"3604a AM, 4313 JP, 401 BC"}
{"Index":1459,"EventTxt":"During their stay here  they got their provisions partly from the market of Colyora and partly by plundering the countries around Paphlagonia  On the other hand  the Paphlagonians  if they found any of them straggling from the camp  they attacked them  Finally  Corylas  who was governor of the Paphlagonians  made peace between them  Afterward these Greeks were transported by ship by the men of Heraclea and Synope  They came to Harmone  a port of Synope where they stayed   days  From there they went to Heraclea in the country of the Myrianden  It was a colony of the city of Megara  They came to a peninsula called Acherusia and divided themselves into three companies","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1460,"EventTxt":"The   plus foot soldiers of the Arcadians and Achaeans were transported by ship by the Heracleans  They hurried aboard hoping to surprise the Thracians who inhabited Bithynia so they might get all the more spoil  They landed at night at Calpe which is in the middle of their sea coast  They went to the next towns and villages about   miles up the country  When these Thracians were attacked  they fought back and killed many of the Greeks  One regiment of them with their colonel Smicrates was entirely cut off  Only   soldiers and their captain Hegesandrus escaped in another company  The rest fled to a hill for safety and were besieged by the Thacians","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1461,"EventTxt":"Chirosophus with   foot soldiers and   targeteers   who were Thracians and had followed Clearchus on that journey  went from Heraclea all along the country by foot  He finally came into Bithynia  Not feeling well  he with his men sailed to Calpe","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1462,"EventTxt":"Xenophon with his brigade of   foot soldiers    targeteers and about   cavalry came by sea into a country which separates the Thracians of Bithynia from the country of the Heracleans  He marched through the centre of the country and came and rescued those who were besieged in the hill by the Thracians  Finally they assembled again as one body at the port of Calpe   Exped  Cy","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1463,"EventTxt":"Chirosophus died here and was replaced by Neo  an Asinian  When he saw his troops hungry and short of supplies  he gathered   men and went foraging all over the country of Bithynia  Pharnabazus sent his cavalry to help the Bithynians  He hoped to keep these Greeks out of his lands  On the first attack  the cavalry killed at least   Greeks and the rest fled to a hill for safety  Xenophon rescued them from the enemy and they all returned safely to the camp before sunset  When Spithridates and Rhathines came with more troops to help the Bithynians  the Greeks won a notable victory and erected a monument in memory of it there  They returned the   or   miles to their camp by the seaside  After this victory  their enemies provided for their own safety by driving their cattle and carrying away their families and goods to more remote parts  When the Greeks passed through Bithynia  they found nothing of use to them  They returned back a day and a night s journey into Bithynia again  They found and brought from there some prisoners  sheep and other provisions for their own needs  After   days  they came to Chrysopolis  a city of the Chalcedonians and stayed here   days  They sold their plunder here   Exped  Cy","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1464,"EventTxt":"Pharnabazus feared that these Greeks would make war on his country  He arranged with Anaxibius  the Lacedemonian admiral to ship them all out of Asia to Byzantium  When Anaxibius returned from there with Xenophon into Asia  he received word at Cyzicum from Aristarchus the new governor of Byzantium  Polus was appointed admiral in his place and he was on his way as far as Hellespont  Therefore he sailed from thence to Patros  He sent to Pharnabazus and requested the money which he had promised him for shipping the Greeks from Asia  When he did not get it  he planned with Xenophon to hastily carry the Greeks back again into Asia  Pharnabazus prevailed upon Aristarchus  the governor of Byzantium so that he thwarted that plan  Since the winter was not over  Xenophon hired himself to Senthes the king of Thracia  The cold was so extreme that many Greeks lost their noses and ears from frostbite   Exped  Cy         Diodorus tells us that some Greeks returned into their own country but almost  ollowed Xenophon into Thracia   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     Hence  it appears  that his number is incorrect where he says that only   men came to Chrysopolis   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604b AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1465,"EventTxt":"The Ionian and other Greek cities throughout Asia did nor accept Tissaphernes  government  They wanted their freedom and feared Tissaphernes because they had always preferred Cyrus over him  They sent messengers to the Lacedemonians asking them for help  Since they were the protectors of all Greece  they wanted them to take over so that their country could be free from war and they could have liberty as other Greeks   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olymipiad","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1466,"EventTxt":"This petition was very welcome to the Lacedemonians  Like most men  the more they had the more they wanted  They were not content to have doubled their empire by taking over Athens  Now they wanted to control all of Asia too   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1467,"EventTxt":"Therefore  the Lacedemonians promised them aid in the first message they sent back  They immediately sent to Tissaphernes to ask him not to make war on the Asian Greek Cities  Out of contempt for them  he wasted all the region around the city of Cuma and took many prisoners  Then he came with his army and besieged the city  Because the winter was coming  he could not take it at that time  So he set a great ransom on the prisoners and abandoned his siege   Diod  Sic  year    Olymipiad","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1468,"EventTxt":"After this Thimbron went into Asia with an army of   newly made citizens of Laconia   f Pelopnoesus and   Athenian cavalry  The cavalry had formerly served the   tyrants of Athens  The city desired that this group should be wasted by foreign services rather than be kept at home to do greater mischief  When Thimbron  came into Asia  he increased his army by troops from the confederate cities there   Xenoph  Hellen         At Ephesus  he added   more troops from these cities for a total army of about   men  He marched about   miles into the country and took Magnesia on his first assault  It was a city under Tissaphernes  government  From there he went to Tralles a city of Ionia and began to besiege it  Since its location was very strongly fortified  he left it and went back to the unwalled town of Magnesia  He feared that as soon as he was gone  Tissaphernes would take it again  He moved it to a hill nearby called Thorax which was a more easily defended position  He plundered the enemies  country and greatly enriched his army  When he heard that Tissaphernes was coming down upon him with an army of cavalry  he retired to Ephesus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymipiad    He was not a match for the cavalry and dared not stay in the plain  He thought it enough if he were able to keep the countries where he was from being plundered by the enemy","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1469,"EventTxt":"When the Greeks under Xenophon had served Senthes   months in Thracia  Charminus and Polynicus were sent from Thimbron to tell them that he needed their help in Asia against Tissaphernes  He would pay each soldier a daric a month  Each captain of a company would be paid   darics and every colonel    Xenophon told them that he personally planned to return home  Most of the army came to him and earnestly asked him not to leave them until he had led them to Thimbron  Therefore  he went aboard with them and sailed to Lampsacus  There he met and conferred with Euclid  the Phliasian poet  After they passed through the territory of Troas  they came to Pergamus  Xenophon was entertained by Hellas the wife of Gongylus of Eretria and her two sons  Gorgius and Gongylus  By her counsel  he went to capture Asidates the Persian  This he failed to do and exposed himself and his men to great danger  Finally by chance  his soldiers captured him with his wife and children and cavalry and all that they owned  They were very rich  Thimbron came and received the army from Xenophon  He added these troops to the rest of the Greeks in his army and he led them against Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus   Exped  Cy","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1470,"EventTxt":"Here ends the   books of the Expedition of Cyrus  The writer of it  whomever he was  was present for all these events  He concludes his book  with this epilogue  The king s governors in the counties which we passed through  were these  vv Artimas of Lydia  Articamas of Phrygia  Mithridates of Lycaonia and Cappadocia  Siennesis of Cilicia  Dernes of Phenicia and Arabia  Belesis of Syria and Assyria  Rhoparas of Babylonia  Arbacas of Media  Teribazas of Phasis and Iberia  the Carduchi  the Chalybes  the Azacrones  the Colchi  the Mosynacci  the Coeti  The Tybareni had no governors but were all free people  Corylas was governor of Paphlagonia  Pharnabazus of Bithynia  Seuthes was king of the Thracians  on the European side","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1471,"EventTxt":"The whole journey  going and coming  lasted   days  They travelled   parasanges  or   miles    miles allowing     miles per parasange   The whole expedition lasted   months","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604c AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1472,"EventTxt":"When Thimbron was strengthened with these new troops he dared to pitch his camp in the fields under Tissaphernes  nose  Pergamus voluntary surrendered to him  Likewise did Tenthrania and Halisarnia which were commanded at that time by Eurysthenes and Procles  the descendants of Demaratus of Lacedemon  Gorgins and Gongylus  the two brothers mentioned previously had already joined him  One held Gambrius and Palegambrius  the other Myrina  and Grinium and Thimbron captured the other weaker places by force   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-400,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3604,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4314,"Dating":"3604d AM, 4314 JP, 400 BC"}
{"Index":1473,"EventTxt":"Thimbron besieged Larissa  a town in Asia called Egyptia when it would not surrender to him  While he besieged it with little effect  the Ephori at Sparta sent him letters stating that he should leave Larissa and march to Caria and on to Ephesus  Dercylidas  an excellent engineer and for his wit he was surnamed Sisyphus  was on his way to take command of the army  When Thimbron returned to Sparta  he was there accused by various confederate cities  for allowing his army to plunder them  Therefore he was banished from the city   Xenoph  Hellen        Diod  Sic   nd year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1474,"EventTxt":"Mania was a woman of Dardania  of manly courage  After the death of her husband Zenis  she had managed very well the government of Eolia under Pharnabazus and had taken in various sea towns  as Larissa  Hamaxitus and Colone  She was most treacherously murdered by her son  in law Midias when she was about   years old  Her   year old son was murdered with her  Midias seized the two strong towns  Scephis and Gergitha where she had stored most of her treasure  The garrisons in the rest of the towns remained loyal to Pharnabazus  Midias sent messengers to Pharnabazus with great presents desiring that he might manage the whole government of those parts upon the same terms that Mania did  This was for nought  Pharnabazus answered that he should never rest if he did not avenge the murder of Mania   Xenoph  Hellen        Polyae        in Tania  or Phania  for so by a misprint Mania is called","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1475,"EventTxt":"Dercylidas saw that he had to deal with both Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes  two great commanders each supported by a large army  When he saw that they were at odds with one another  he made peace with Tissaphernes  Xenoph  Hellen        with Justin       c     where yet Hercylidas is put for Dercylidas","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1476,"EventTxt":"After Dercylidas had first conferred with Tissaphernes  he marched to Eolia without plundering the country  Eolia was under Pharnabazus  government  He had an old grudge against Pharnabazus for an insult he received from him while he commanded at Abydus under Lysander  Larissa  Hamaxitus and Colonae surrendered to him without a fight   Note that here Diodorus Siculus has Arista instead of Larissa   Neandrus  Ilium also surrendered to him  The Cocylitae did not fight with him  Cebrene  a very strong and fortified city did not wish to be assaulted and also surrendered  He left a large garrison there and he immediately marched with the rest of his army to Scephis and Gergithe  Midias feared the very inhabitants of that place and Pharnabazus  He went out with hostages to parley and to seek to join forces against a common enemy  Dercylidas laid hold of him and told him plainly that there was no hope of any friendship between them unless he would set free all the citizens of those places which he held to live according to their own laws  He marched into Scepsis with him and there offered sacrifice to Minerva  He expelled Midias  soldiers and persuaded the inhabitants to defend their newly acquired liberty  He next went to Gergithe with his army  When Midias desired that he would at least leave him that city  he ignored Midias  request  Midias ordered the gates to be opened and Dercylidas entered the city  He found the money which Mania had there  sufficient to maintain an army of   men for almost a whole year  He took the money and sent back Midias to live as a private citizen at Scepsis  Xenophon tells us  that in   days  he took   cities  Diodorus  Diod  Sic   nd year of the  th Olympiad   writes that what by force and tricks he used to take over all the cities and country of Troas","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1477,"EventTxt":"There was a quarrel between Artaxerxes and Euagoras the king of Salamis in the isle of Cyprus  He had expelled from there Abdemon Thyrsius who was governor of the place and one who was a good friend of Artaxerxes  Theopompus   Excerpta Photii  num      calls him  Abdymon Cityces  This quarrel was settled by the mediation of Conon the Athenian  who had lived with Euagoras and Ctesias the Cnidian  who had long lived in the court in Persia  The condition was that Euagoras would pay a certain tribute to Artaxerxes and also a gift was sent to Satibarzanes  Ctesias also sent letters to Euagoras to make amends with Anaxagoras a king of the Cyprians  Other similar letters were written by Euagoras and Conon  Ctesias has all these inserted into his History of the Persian Affairs","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1478,"EventTxt":"When Dercylidas had gone this far into these parts  sent to Pharnabazus  to know whether he wanted war or peace  Pharnabazus was afraid what might happen to Phrygia where he lived  Phrygia bordered Aeolia  which was now controlled by Dercylidas  Therefore  Pharnabazus wanted a truce   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3605,"JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3605 AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1479,"EventTxt":"When this truce was concluded  Dercylidas marched into that part of Bithynbia which the Thracians held and there spent the winter  Pharnabazus liked this because the Thracians of that country often made inroads on Phrygia and Dercylidas plundered that part of Bithynia at will  He had plenty of provisions for the winter   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3606a AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1480,"EventTxt":"About   Odrysian cavalry and   targeteers were sent from Senthes  the king of Thracia  to help Dercylidas  When they first arrived  they forraged Bithynia and were almost cut off there  After this they stayed close with the Lacedemonian army and heavily plundered the territories of the Bithynians   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3606a AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1481,"EventTxt":"When spring was coming  Dercylidas moved from Bithynia and came to Lampsacus  Three ambassadors from Sparta  told him that his command was extended for another year  The Ephori of Sparta told the army there  that in the former time the soldiers had been extremely injurious to their confederates  They were commended for their good behaviour  He replied that it was the same soldiers who followed Cyrus in his wars but that they were under new commanders  This was the reason for the change of behaviour  When this was done  Dercylidas sent the ambassadors from Ephesus to take their journey through the Greek cities and countries in those parts  He told them how glad he was that they would find them all in so peaceable and prosperous estate   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-399,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4315,"Dating":"3606a AM, 4315 JP, 399 BC"}
{"Index":1482,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors left  Dercylidas sent again to Pharnabazus  to know whether he would extend the truce from the previous winter or if he wanted war  Pharnabazus wanted to continue the truce  Therefore  Dercylidas passed with his army over the Hellespont and came into the Chersonesus of Thracia  This city contained   furlongs which he enclosed with a strong wall  This work started in the spring and was finished before the beginning of autumn   Xenophon Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     Contrary to his custom  Diodorus combines the events of two years in one passage","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4316,"Dating":"3606c AM, 4316 JP, 398 BC"}
{"Index":1483,"EventTxt":"Conon the Athenian wrote his letters from Cyprus to Artaxerxes  concerning his own affairs  He desired these to be presented to him  either by Zenon of Crete  a dancer  or by Polycritus of Mendes a physician  or in their absence  by Ctesias  who was likewise a physician  It is said that when this letter came into Ctesias  hands  he added his own letter with it  Conon asked the king to send Ctesias to him  as an important man for the king s service in those parts especially in matters pertaining to the sea  Ctesias wrote that the king of his own accord sent and employed him in that service  Plutarch   Plutarch in Artaxerxes   wrote concerning the letters of Conon to the king and to himself and the speech which he gave to the king to understand the matter  These he has inserted into his own history  He relates also that at the same time when the Lacedemonians had sent ambassadors to the king  he committed them to custody and kept them there","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4316,"Dating":"3606c AM, 4316 JP, 398 BC"}
{"Index":1484,"EventTxt":"After Pharnabazus made truce with Dercylidas  he journeyed to the king and charged Tissaphernes before him  He said that Tissaphernes had not opposed Lacedemonian s army when it came into Asia  Instead  he supported them there at the king s expense  He told the king that it was a shame that the king s war should not be pursued to a conclusion  Rather  his enemies should not be bribed with money and but driven out with armies  He persuaded the king to supply a fleet and make Conon the Athenian the admiral  He together with the advice of Euagotas the king of Cyprus persuaded the king to give   talents to Pharnabazus for this purpose  The king commanded him to commit the charge of the Phoenician fleet to Conon and to make him commander in chief  over all his naval matters   Diod  Sic  year   of the  th Olympiad  with Isocrates in his Euagoras and in his Oration ad Philip  and Pausanias  in Attices and Justinus        c","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4316,"Dating":"3606c AM, 4316 JP, 398 BC"}
{"Index":1485,"EventTxt":"When Pausanias returned from the court  he made Conon admiral of the seas  He made many generous promises on the king s behalf  Conon was not fully furnished with a fleet  He took the   ships he had ready and sailed into Cilicia  There he prepared for war   Diod  Sic  year   of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4316,"Dating":"3606c AM, 4316 JP, 398 BC"}
{"Index":1486,"EventTxt":"Ctesias was sent by Artaxerxes to the seaside  He went first into Cnidia his own country and from there to Sparta  He says toward the end of his History which as Diodorus says ended with the third year of this  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3606d AM,4316JP, 398BC"}
{"Index":1487,"EventTxt":"Dercylidas returned from Chersonese into Asia  As he reviewed the cities he found that the bandits of Chios had taken over Atarne  They were using this as a base to make inrodes upon Ionia and lived on the spoil they found  Although Atarne was well fortified and contained much food  he besieged it for   months   Xenophon  Hellenic","YearBCAD":-398,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3606,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3606d AM,4316JP, 398BC"}
{"Index":1488,"EventTxt":"When Atarne surrendered  he put Dracon of Pellene in charge of it  He supplied the city with ample provisions so that he could use it for a good place to retreat to  He went to Ephesus   Xenophon  Hellenic","YearBCAD":-397,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3607,"JulPer":4317,"Dating":"3607 AM, 4317 JP, 397 BC"}
{"Index":1489,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors from Ionia came to Sparta  they stated that if Caria where Tissaphernes resided was invaded  they thought that Tissaphernes would quickly grant them permission to live according to their own laws  The Ephori wrote to Dercylidas that he should march to Caria with his army  Pharaces their admiral was to sail the fleet into those parts also   Xenophon  Hellenic","YearBCAD":-397,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3607,"JulPer":4317,"Dating":"3607 AM, 4317 JP, 397 BC"}
{"Index":1490,"EventTxt":"At this time Pharnabazus went to Tissaphernes because Tissaphernes was the chief general and to let Tissaphernes know that he was ready to join with him in making war on the Greeks  Therefore they went to Caria to settle matters there  When they had put garrisons there  they returned to Ionia  Dercylidas heard that they had crossed the river Meander  He conferred with Pharaces and showed him that he feared lest Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus would both attack Ionia which now had no of garrisons  Then  Dercylidas crossed over the Meander also   Xenophon  Hellenic","YearBCAD":-397,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3607,"JulPer":4317,"Dating":"3607 AM, 4317 JP, 397 BC"}
{"Index":1491,"EventTxt":"In the Persian army there were     foot soldiers and     cavalry  Dercylidas  army had about   men   Diod  Sic   nd year of the  th Olympiad  The soldiers from Peloponesus were prepared to fight  The ones from Priene and Achilium  the isles and the other towns of Ionia were cowards  They abandoned their weapons in the grain which grew abundantly in the fields lying upon the Meander and fled  However  Tissaphernes remembered how well the Greeks who were in Cyrus  army had fought against himself and imagined that all Crecians would likewise be cowards  Therefore he did not attack them as Pharnabazus wanted to  He sent to Dercylidas and desired to come to talk with him  After an interchange of hostages  they met to discuss a peace treaty  Dercylidas demanded  that the king should allow all the Greek cities to be free  Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus demanded that the Lacedemonian forces should withdraw from the countries of the king s dominions and their commanders from the cities  A truce was to continue until Dercylidas could receive an answer from Sparta  Likewise Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus waited for an answer from the king  So both armies withdrew  The Persians returned to Tralles and the other to Leucophris   Xenophon  Hellenic          Diod  Sic   nd year of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-397,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3607,"JulPer":4317,"Dating":"3607 AM, 4317 JP, 397 BC"}
{"Index":1492,"EventTxt":"Now a certain man called Herodas of Syracuse in Sicily was living at that time with a ship captain in Phoenicia  He noticed that war ships were arriving daily  Others were being outfitted and others were being constructed  A navy of   ships was being prepared  Herodas boarded the first ship bound for Greece and went to Sparta  He told them that a large fleet was being made ready at Phoenicia  The purpose and destination of this fleet  he did not know  The Lacedemonians were much troubled by this news  Agesilaus one of their two kings was asked by Lysander to go with an army into Asia against the Persians  He was to take with him   men of Sparta whom they would choose to manage that war  The first man they picked was Lysander  He hoped to use this occasion to restore the Decemvirates throughout all the cities in Asia which he had set up before  The Ephori later had abolished these and ordered every city to live according to their own laws  So Agesilaus took   of the newly made citizens of Sparta and   from their confederate cities with provisions for six months  They sailed from Geraeium a port in Eubaea  with all the forces that he could gather and came to Ephesus  He did this so quickly that he landed there before Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus heard that he had set out  Thereby it came to pass  that he found them all unprepared for his arrival  Xenophon in  Xenoph  Hellen         and in his Oration  of Agesilaus with Plutarch and Emil  Probus  in their several lives of Agesilaus and Pansa in Laconicis  Pansa says that he landed first at Sardis","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1493,"EventTxt":"Agesilaus raised   more soldiers at Ephesus  He had an army of     foot soldiers and   or  as the Latin translation has it    cavalry  To this a rabble of other men who followed the camp for pillage  These were as numerous as the army   Diod  Sic  year   of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1494,"EventTxt":"Tissaphernes sent to him to know why he came into Asia  He replied that he came to restore freedom to the Greek cities  Tissaphernes desired him to wait for   months so that he might send to the king  He assured him of a favourable reply from the king  Agesilaus sent Heripadas  Dercylidas  and Migialius to him to take an oath of him that he meant no guile but would do what he possibly could to procure the peace which he had promised  On behalf of Agesilaus  they would swear to Tissaphernes to keep the truce if Tissaphernes would keep his part of the bargain  Tissaphernes disregarded his oath and sent to the king to increase his army  Although Agesilaus knew well what he intended to do  yet he kept the truce   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":3,"EventTxt":"and in his book of Agesilaus  with Plutarch and Emil  Probus  in Agesil","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1495,"EventTxt":"While Agesilaus stayed at Ephesus  civil disorder broke out in the cities  Neither the democratic government was obeyed which the Athenians set up nor the Decemviral which Lysander had set up  All became suitors to Lysander who was well known among them that he would obtain from Agesilaus for them what they desired  Hereupon it was that Lysander always had a large court of attendants and suitors about him so that Lysander now seemed to be king and Agesilaus a private citizen  This was a thorn in Agesilaus  side  Therefore he began to take the administration of matters from Lysander s hands and to reduce his authority  Then he sent him on an errand into Hellespont  When Lysander found that Spithridates  a Persian   Plutarch calls him Mithridates  was under Pharnabazus  he desired to speak with him  After a conference Lysander persuaded him with his children and such wealth as he had and   calvalry to defect from Pharnabazus  Spirthrides left what he had safely at Cyzicum and came with his son to Lysander  He escorted them to Agesilaus who was glad to see him  Spirthides told Agesilaus exactly how things were with Pharnabazus   Xenoph  Hellen     and Plut  in the life of Agesilaus and Lysander","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1496,"EventTxt":"When Tissaphernes got more troops from the king  he became insolent and proclaimed war against Agesilaus unless he would leave Asia  Agesilaus was glad for this and ordered his men to prepare for war  He sent to the Ionians  Eloians and those of Hellespont to send to him at Ephesus all the troops they could spare  Tissaphernes thought that he would march into Caria but Agesilaus went with his army into Phrygia  In a suprise attack on the cities there  he obtained a vast some of money and other provisions from them and so came safely and without halting near to Daseylium  His cavalry scoured the country ahead of the army  They met with the cavalry of Pharnabazus and were routed  In that encounter they lost   men and   horses  When Agesilaus with his foot soldiers came to their rescue  the Persians on the other side retired having only lost one man   Xenoph  Hellen        and in his Agesilaus  with Plutarch and Emil  Probus in their Agesilaus likewise","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1497,"EventTxt":"Agesilaus spent most of that summer plundering Phrygia and the nearby countries  He enriched his army with plunder  Toward the autumn he returned to Ephesus   Diod  Sic  year   of the  th Olympiad  and there spent the winter   Emil  Prob  in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-396,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3608,"JulPer":4318,"Dating":"3608 AM, 4318 JP, 396 BC"}
{"Index":1498,"EventTxt":"Nephereus or Nepherites reigned in Egypt for   years","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1499,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians sent to Nephereus to join them against the Persians  Instead  he sent them a gift of tackle and   war ships and     bushels of wheat   Diod  Sic  year   of the  th Olympiad   Justin calls him Hercinion and so does Orosius  He relates the matter in this manner  The Lacedemonians  ambassadors asked for naval help from Hercinion They received   war ships and     bushels of wheat   Justin       c     and Orosius       c","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1500,"EventTxt":"Pharax the admiral of the Lacedemonian fleet  set sail from Rhodes with   ships and came to Sasanda a citadel in Caria about   miles from Caunus  He sailed from there and attacked the town of Caunus and Conon the Athenian who had   ships there  When Artaphernes and Pharnabazus came with an huge army to relieve Caunus  Pharax lifted his siege and returned with all his fleet to Rhodes  After this  Conon assembled   ships and sailed toward Chersonesus  At the same time the Rhodians kept out the Poloponesian fleet and revolted from the Lacedemonian state  They received Conon with all his fleet into their port and city  It happened that the Egyptian fleet which knew nothing of this change of affairs  boldly anchored off the island with all their cargo of wheat which was sent to the Lacedemonians  Conon with the Rhodians attacked them and brought all their men and cargo into the port and stored the grain there   Diod  Sic  year   Olympiad     The soldiers rebelled against Conon because the king s officers defrauded them of their pay  They asked for their pay the more boldly  because they were used in so great a service and served under so great a commander as Conon   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1501,"EventTxt":"Agesilaus knew that he was no match for the enemy in the plains without sufficient cavalry  He raised more troops  He ordered throughout all the confederate cities that such of them as were rich and did not want to fight themselves should send to him a horse with a rider in his place  When the spring was coming  he commanded all his army to assemble at Ephesus  He carefully trained both cavalry and foot soldiers for war  During this preparation  he made the city of Ephesus seem more important than before  He made it the centre of the war effort   Xenoph  Hellen        and in his Agesilaus  and Plutarch and Emil  Pro  in the same man s life","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1502,"EventTxt":"A whole year had elapsed since Agesilans came from Sparta  The   commissioners assigned to him returned to Sparta  Lysander the head of the commissioners returned with them   others were sent to replace them of whom Heripidas was the leader  From these Agesilaus chose Xenocles and another one to lead the cavalry and Scythes to command the foot soldiers of the newly made citizens of Sparta  Heripidas was to lead them who had served under Cyrus  Migdon was over those who were sent by the cities of Asia  Agesilaus let it be known that he would march into the strongest part of the enemies  country so that they be mentally prepared for a fierce battle  Tissaphernes thought that he had done this to amuse him a second time and to keep him at home  He marched directly into Caria commanding his cavalry to stay behind and hold the plain of Maeander  However Agesilaus did indeed  exactly what he had said and his whole army attacked the country of Sardis  When he had marched for   days and saw no enemy  he gathered from there a huge stock of all kinds of provisions for his army  On the  th day the enemies  cavalry was spotted  They found the Greeks scattered abroad and busy plundering the country  They attacked and killed most of them  When Agesilaus came to their rescue  he saw that the enemies  foot soldiers had not arrived  Since he was fully prepared  he attacked the enemy near the River Pactolus and won a great victory  He captured their camp  He found riches amounting to more than   talents of money  He transported all their camels into Greece  At this time  Tissaphernes stayed at Sardis  Therefore  he was charged by the Persians to be a deserter","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1503,"EventTxt":"That is according to Xenophon  However  Diodorus  states that Tissaphernes was present in the fight with     cavalry and     foot soldiers  Agesilaus came down from the hill country of Sipalus and overran all the plain around Sardis  He pillaged the land and destroyed a garden of Tissaphernes  It was enclosed and set with all sorts of trees and other things for pleasure  infinitely sumptuous and of most exquisite workmanship and beauty  Agesilaus turned from there and sent Xenocles with     to lie in ambush midway between Sardis and Tybarnae to intercept some Persians who were to pass that way  In this second battle with the Persians  he defeated them and killed over   men  He took a great multitude of prisoners and captured their camp that was full of wealth  After all this  Tissaphernes fled to Sardis and Agesilaus returned to the seaside with his army  Pausanias also in his Laconica  writes  that Agesilaus fought with Tissaphernes in the plain country of Hermus and there defeated the cavalry and foot soldiers of the Persians  This was the largest Persian army since the time when Xerxes went into Greece or when Darius went into Scythia  It is best to trust Xenophon s account who was not only a reader to Agesilaus   as Cicero   de Orators affirms   and was very intimate and familiar with him   as Emil  Pro  Says in the Life of Agesilaus and Diogenes Laertius  in the Life of Xenophon reports  Moreover  he was with him in all this war in Asia and the next year returned with him to Greece","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1504,"EventTxt":"Conon the admiral of the Persian fleet had often sent letters to the king asking for pay for the navy  When this failed  he went personally to the king  Pharnabazus also encouraged him to accuse Tissaphernes of treason to the king  Therefore  Colon committed the charge of the navy to Hieronimus and Nicodemus  both of Athens  in his absence  He sailed into Cilicia and from there came to Thapsacum in Syria  He went on a barge down the river Euphrates to Babylon  There he talked with Tithraustes the Chiliarch who held the highest position next the king  Colon showed him who he was and that he desired to speak with the king  He could not be admitted to the presence or speak with the king without adoration  that is by prostrating himself before the king  Therefore he did his business with him by letters and messengers  He was successful  The king declared Tissaphernes to be a traitor and ordered Conon to take charge of the war against the Lacedemonians and to pay the navy using whomever he pleased to choose for that office  He was highly rewarded for his service and sent to the sea with authority to order what shipping he needed from the Cypriots and Phoenicians  These ships would guard the sea before the next summer and Pharnabazus was assigned to him for an assistant as Colon requested   Diod  Sic  year    of the  th Olympiad  Justin       c     Emil  Pro  in the life of Conon","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1505,"EventTxt":"Concerning the Cypriots  it is to be noted that at the very time while there passed courtesies and presents between Artaxerxes and them  the king intended to make war against them  It lasted   years before it ended    of which he spent in preparations for it  This we shall show later when we come to the fourth year of the  th Olympiad  from Diod  Sic  He speaks of the cause of that war  of which   years  it seems that only   were spent in preparation  At this time  Isocrates made his Panegirical oration in which he mentions many vain attempts made upon Euagoras by Artaxerxes  He says  vv He made war on Euagoras who was governor of one poor city in Cyprus and one who had formerly served him and became his vassal and lived on an island  He suffered a great loss at sea and had no more than   targeteers to defend his state with  Yet  weak as he was  the king has not been able to have his will of him  though he has now spent six whole years in a war against him","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1506,"EventTxt":"Parysatis  the queen mother  urged the king on against Tissaphernes  She hated him because of what he did to her son Cyrus  The king committed the war to Tithraustes and gave him letters for the cities and commanders in those parts ordering them all to do whatever Tithraustes required of them   Diod  Sic  year    of the  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1507,"EventTxt":"When Tithraustes left  the king gave him two letters  In the one for Tissaphernes  he requested him to continue the war against the Lacedemonians  In the other  he sent to Ariaeus the commander of Larissa requiring him to help Tithraustes in the murder of Tissaphernes  Tithraustes delivered to Ariaeus as soon as he came to Colossae in Phrygia  When Ariaeus had read them  he sent for Tissaphernes asking him to come to Colossae  He wanted to consult with him about the king s matters especially concerning the war against the Greeks  Whereupon Tissaphernes suspected nothing and left his army at Sardis  He came quickly to Colossae with a troop of   Arcadians and Milesians and stayed at the house of Ariaeus  When he went to take a bath he laid aside his sword  Ariaeus with his servants seized him and put him into a closed coach and sent him away as a prisoner to Tithraustes  He took him as far as to Celaena and there cut off his head and sent it to Artaxerxes  Artaxerxes ordered it carried to his mother who was exceedingly glad to see it  So were all the Greek women  whose husbands had followed Cyrus in his war and were afterward killed by Tissaphernes  treachery   Diod  Sic  year    of the  th Olympiad  Polyanus stratagem        Xenoph  Hellen        and in his book of Agesilaus  and Plut  in the lives of Artax  and Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1508,"EventTxt":"Tithraustes sent messengers to Agesilaus to let him know that Tissaphernes who had started this war  had been punished for it  He stated that now the king had a good reason to withdraw his army from Asia and to leave the cities there to the use of their laws and pay the king their former tribute  Agesilaus told Tithraustes that he could not do this without the consent of his country  Finally  they came to this agreement  that he with his army would withdraw into Pharnabazus  country and would receive   talents to support them there until he received instructions from Sparta   Xenophon Hellen         However  Diodorus writes  that after a parley Thithraustes and Agesilaus made a truce for   months  Xenophon in his book written to glorify Agesilaus  added that when Tithraustes offered him a great sum of money  if he would withdraw out of the king s territories  Agesilaus replied  vv Tithraustes  it is more honourable with us that a general to enrich his army rather than himself and to take spoils from his enemies rather than rewards","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1509,"EventTxt":"While Agesilaus marched toward Phrygia which was under Pharnabazus  command  he received a Scytala or a letter from the magistrates of Sparta  They said that he should take charge of the navy as well as of the army  He should appoint as admiral of the navy whomever he saw fit  Whereupon in a short time  he raised a navy of   ships from the public contributions of the cities and the generousity of private citizens who desired to reward him personally  He appointed as admiral  Pisander  his wife s brother  He was a man desirous indeed of praise  honour and courage but unskilled in naval matters   Xen  Hellen        Plut  in his Agesilaus  Pausan  in his Laconica","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1510,"EventTxt":"Pisander went away to the navy and Agesilaus continued on his way into Phrygia  Tithraustes knew that Agesilaus had no intention of leaving Asia but rather hoped to vanquish the king s forces right there  He sent Timocrates of Rhodes  for so Plutarch also calls him in his Laconical Apophthegmes  however the name of Hermoerates has crept in  in his life of Artaxerxes  into Greece with gold of the value of   talents of silver  He bribed the chief cities to conspire together  in a common war on the behalf of the Athenians against the Lacedemonian party   Xenoph  Hellen        Plut  in his Artax  Pansanias in his Laconica and Messenica","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3609,"JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3609 AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1511,"EventTxt":"About the beginning of autumn  Agesilaus entered into Phrygia which was under Pharnabazus  government  He pillaged all that country and took over all its cities either by force or voluntary surrender  He was persuaded by Spithtidates to march into Paphlagonia and to cause them to revolt from the Persians  Coyts its king  was previously sent for by Artaxerxes but would not go  He joined with Agesilaus  Spithridates persuaded Coyts to give   cavalry and  oot soldiers to assist him  Agesilaus rewarded Spithridates for this by procuring Cotys  daughter for his wife   Xenoph  Hellen        and in his Agesilaus and Plutarch likewise in his   Agesilaus was always very desirous to reward his friends as it appears by that Epistle Laconically written and attributed to him  vv If Nicias has not done you wrong  forgive him  if he has forgive him for my sake  however forgive him","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3610a AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1512,"EventTxt":"Plutarch in his Agesilaus and in his Laconical Apophthegmes","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3610a AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1513,"EventTxt":"He marched from Paphlagonia to Dascylium where Pharnabazus  palace was  Around there were many towns full of provisions  Here he spent the winter and maintained his army   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-395,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4319,"Dating":"3610a AM, 4319 JP, 395 BC"}
{"Index":1514,"EventTxt":"When his soldiers were foraging  they were not as wary as they should have been of their enemy because up until now they had never been bothered by them  By chance  Pharnabazus attacked them with two hooked chariots and   men as they were pillaging the area  The Greeks saw him and rallied into a troop of   men  Pharnabazus put his hooked chariots in the front  followed them with his cavalry and ordered them to drive into the middle of them  When the chariots had broken in and disordered them  his cavalry attacked killing   of them  The rest fled back to Agesilaus who was not far off with his foot soldiers   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610b AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1515,"EventTxt":"Three or four days later  Spithridates found that Pharnabazus was with his army in a spacious unwalled town called Caije about   miles from there  He told Heripadas  chief of the council of war  about this  Spithridates asked Agesilaus to give him   foot soldiers    targeteers and as many cavalry that would voluntarily go with him  Less than half of each type of soldiers went with him  However  he set out with those which he had as soon as it grew dark  He came upon Pharnabazus at the very dawning of the day and slew the Mysians who happened that time to be on guard  The whole army was terrified and fled  Spithridates entered their camp and there took much booty including Pharnabazus  pavilion with all his luxurious furniture and wealth  Pharnabazus feared the Greeks and like the Scythian nomads  moved his camp here and there  never staying long in any one place  His main concern was that the enemy would not know where to find him  Heripedas made a rigourous search for the spoil  His soldiers stripped Spithradates and his Paphlagonians of all there plunder  After this  they spent all the next night taking what they could and went to Sardis to Araeus  He had formerly revolted from the king and served against him  In this Asian expedition  Agesilaus was more troubled by this departure of Spithridates  Megabates his son whom Agesilaus exceedingly loved and of these Paphlagonian troops         Diod  year     th Olympiad and Plutarch in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610b AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1516,"EventTxt":"After this  Agesilaus and Pharnabazus came to a parley by the mediation of Apollophanes from Cyzicum who was a friend of both of them  They tried to come to an agreement  Pharnabazus  as Xenophon has it in his oration concerning Agesilaus  openly stated that unless the king would make him absolute and sole commander of the army  he would revolt from him  If he could command all the forces then he would fight the war against Agesilaus as long as he could  Agesilaus told him that he would quickly depart out of his territory and not trouble him as long as he could find business elsewhere  As soon as Pharnabazus left  the son of his wife Pharapyta came running to Agesilaus and entered into a league of friendship with him  They gave each other gifts as tokens of their love         Diod  year     th Olympiad  and Plutarch in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610b AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1517,"EventTxt":"When spring came  Agesilaus came into the plains of Thebes and pitched near the temple of Diana Astyrina  There he gathered an exceedingly great store of wealth  He outfitted his troops to march into the upper countries  He did not doubt that the countries which he left behind him would defect from the Persians   Xenophon        Hellen   His fame was very great in Persia after spending two years in that war   Plutarch  in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610b AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1518,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians learned that the Persians were bribing the principal cities in Greece to unite and revolt against them  They sent Epicidas to Agesilaus  to recall him to defend his own country  Although  Agesilaus was bothered by being taken from this great war  he wrote that he would obey their command   Plutarch  in his Agesilaus   He sent this letter to the Ephori which Plutarch inserted among his Apophthegmes  vv Agesilaus to the Ephori  greetings  we have subdued a great part of Asia  routed the barbarians and provided a great store of arms in Ionia  However because you have set a certain day to return by  I will obey your command and peradventure be back before that day  For I am king not for myself  but for you and our confederates  For a king is truly a king  when he is commanded by the laws  Ephori and the other magistrates of the city","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610c AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1519,"EventTxt":"It is said also that he told his friends in jest that the king had driven him from Asia with     archers  He meant that Timocrates  agent had distributed     golden darics  which were stamped with archers among the leaders of every city to create a common war against the Spartans   Plutarch in his Laconical Apophthegmes and in his Artaxerxes   c","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610c AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1520,"EventTxt":"When Agesilaus returned  he left Euxemus behind him to be commander in chief with  oldiers to assist the Ionians if needed  So that he might return with a good army  he promised great rewards and honours to those cities and commanders who would send him the best cavalry and foot soldiers  Hence he made them all jealous of one another to see who could supply the best troops for him   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610c AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1521,"EventTxt":"When Xenophon returned with Agesilaus into Boeotia to fight against the Thebans  he deposited half the gold which he had obtained on his expedition with Cyrus  at Ephesus with Megabyzus  the treasurer of the temple of Diana  He knew that by going with Agesilaus to battle he might be killed  He was killed later at Coronaea  Therefore  Xenophon ordered the treasurer that if he survived the battle he wanted the gold back  Otherwise all of it was to be consecrated to the goddess Diana  The rest of his gold he sent as offerings to Apollo at Delphi   Expedit  Cy        and Diog  Lacrtius in Xenophonte   Agesilaus consecrated a tenth of all that he had obtained in his two years of war in Asia to Apollo at Delphi  This amounted to about   talents   Xenoph  and Plutarch  in their several lives of Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610c AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1522,"EventTxt":"When Agesilaus had crossed the sea at Hellespont  he received news of the victory which the Lacedemonians had near Corinth  Thereupon  he sent back Dercylidas into Asia to inform the Ionians  This was to encourage them and strengthen their loyalty to the Lacedemonian party   Xenoph  Hellen        and Plut  in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"3610c AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1523,"EventTxt":"About this time the famous naval battle happened at Cnidus near the hill called Dorius   Pausan  in the  nd book of his Eliaca  Eubulus or Eubulis was governor at Athens  He took office at the very beginning of the  rd year of  th Olympiad according to Lysias  a very good author in his Oration concerning the acts of Aristophanes","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3610d AM,4320JP, 394BC"}
{"Index":1524,"EventTxt":"The commanders of the Persian fleet lay near to Doryma in Chersonesus with more than  ships  Pharnabazus commanded the Phoenicians and Conon the Athenian commanded the Greek squadron  Pisander   for whom Periarchus is incorrectly written by Diodorus  the Lacedemonian admiral sailed from Cnidus with   ships and came to a place called Physeus in Chersonesus  After he left there  he came upon a part of the king s fleet  He won the first battle with them  When the rest of the king s fleet came to their rescue  the friends of the Lacedemonians cowardly fled to land  Pisander with his ship attacked the thickest part of the enemy and slew many of them but died heroically in the fight  Conon with his men pursued the Lacedemonians hotly to land and took no less than   of their ships  The rest fled and returned safe to Cnidus   Xenoph  Hellen        Diodorus year   of the  th Olympiad  Justin       c     Emil  Probus in the life of Conon","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3610d AM,4320JP, 394BC"}
{"Index":1525,"EventTxt":"When Agesilaus was now ready to invade Boeotia  he received news of the defeat of the Lacedemonian fleet and of the death of Pisander  his wife s brother  At that very instant  the sun was eclipsed and looked like a half moon   Xenoph  Hellen        and Plut  in his Agesilaus  This happened on August  th   BC  as appears by the astronomical accounts","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3610d AM,4320JP, 394BC"}
{"Index":1526,"EventTxt":"After this great victory at Cnidus  Pharnabazus and Conon expelled all the Lacedemonian governors and garrisons from all the islands and sea towns  They were told that they would never put any citadels in their towns but that they should hence forth live according to their own laws   Xenoph  Hellen        Hellen   First the Coi  then the Nisaeans  then the Teians  and those of Chios defected from the Lacedemoians  Then they of Mitylene  of Ephesus and Erythrae  did so also  Almost immediately  all the rest of the cities defected from the Lacedemonians  Some expelled the Lacedemonian garrisons  set up and maintained their own government  Others put themselves into Conon s hands  From that time on  the Lacedemonians lost the sovereignty of the seas   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3610d AM,4320JP, 394BC"}
{"Index":1527,"EventTxt":"Dercylidas  an old enemy of Pharnabazus  at this time was at Agidus  He did not yield to Pharnabazus  commands as the others did but having made a grave and pithy speech to the inhabitants  He urged them to remain loyal to the Lacedemonians  When other commanders were expelled from there cities  they came to Dercylidas and were warmly received  Those that did not come voluntarily  were invited to come  When a multitude of them were come  Dercylidas went over to Sesus on the other side and there wooed all who were expelled from their commands on the European side  He encouraged them as he had done to the rest on the Asian side  He told them that in Asia itself which from the beginning belonged to the king  various places  as the small town of Temneus  Egae in Eolia and other places remained loyal and did not yield to the king   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3610,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3610d AM,4320JP, 394BC"}
{"Index":1528,"EventTxt":"When Pharnabazus planned to attack Ephesus  he turned over   ships to Conon  He ordered him to meet him at Sestus  He himself sent threatening letters to both places telling them that unless they expelled the Lacedemonians he would count them as his enemies  When they refused  he commanded Conon to blockade them by sea  Pharnabazus went and wasted all the country about Abydus  When they still refused to yield to him  he left and went home  He ordered Conon to deal with the cities bordering on the Hellespont  He was to assemble the greatest fleet that they could possibly make by next spring  So the winter was spent making this fleet","YearBCAD":-394,"Epoch":"6th Age","JulPer":4320,"Dating":"361 la AM, 4320 JP, 394 BC"}
{"Index":1529,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of spring  Pharnabazus assembled a mighty fleet and hired any ship he could  Pharnabazus took Conon with him and went through the middle of the islands of the Aegean Sea and came to Melus one of the Sporades  From there he could easily land in Laconia the country of the Spartans","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611b AM, 4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1530,"EventTxt":"When Pharnabazus had wasted the country  he planned to return into Asia  Before he went  Conon prevailed with him to leave the navy with him  With it he would go to Athens and would repair the long walls and fortify the port of Poyroeum  He said that this would greatly trouble the Lacedemonians  Pharnabazus approved of this plan and gave him money to do that work  Conon came to Athens with   ships and started to repair the walls both of the city and port  He gave   talents that he received from Pharnabazus  to his fellow citizens   Xenoph  Hellen         Diod  Sic  year    and    of the  th Olympiad  Plut  in his Agesilaus and Laconical Apophthegmes  Justin       c     Emil  Prob  in the life of Conon","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611c AM, 4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1531,"EventTxt":"When the Lacedemonians heard that the Athenians were rebuilding their walls  they sent Antalcidas to Tiribazus  another chief commander of the king who lived at Sardis  He wanted to make Tiribazus their friend and to mediate a peace between him and them  The Athenians also sent Conon and various others to him as did the Boeotians  Corinthians and those of Argos  Now when they all came before Tiribazus  Antalcidas told him that he was come to sue for a peace between the king and his country men as the king desired  To that end  the Lacedemonians would not fight with him for the Greek cities in Asia but would be content if all the islands and other countries outside Asia might be free and live according to their own laws  When all the rest of the messengers disavowed that motion  the meeting broke up and every man returned home again  Although Tiribazus saw that it was not safe for him to make a league with the Lacedemonians without the king s consent  yet secretly he furnished Antalcidas with money to build up their navy again  He did this so that the Athenians and their confederates might be the more agreeable to a peace with the king  He imprisoned Conon at Sardis charging him guilty of everything the Lacedemonians said of him  They said Colon had used the king s soldiers and money only to get towns and cities for the Athenians and to restore Ionia and Eloia to them  After that  Tiribazus made a journey to the king to inform him of the Lacedemonians  purposed treaty and to tell the king what he had done to Conon and why he had done it  He then wanted direction from the king as to what to do   Xen  Hellen        with Plut  in his Laconical Apophthegmes  an in his Agesilaus  Diod  Sic   rd year of the  th Olympiad  Emil  Prob  in the life of Conon","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611d AM,4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1532,"EventTxt":"After Saryrus  King of Bosphorus died  his son Leuco reigned for   years   Diod  Sic   th year of  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611d AM,4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1533,"EventTxt":"Parysatis the king s mother  had her trusted servant  hide slips of palm trees in the heap of sand and dust that buried the body of Clearchus as I mentioned earlier  Now after   years  a beautiful grove of palm trees grew which shaded all the place  as Ctesias reports in his Persica  He adds that when the king knew of this he greatly repented for killing Clearchus  a man whom the gods themselves respected   Ctesias  in the Excerptions of Photius  and Plut  in the life of Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611d AM,4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1534,"EventTxt":"Some write that Conon was carried away prisoner to the king and executed   Isocrates in his Panegyric   However  Dinon  an historian and of great authority in Persian matters says that he escaped from prison  Dinon did not know if this happened with or without Tiribazus  knowledge and consent   Emil  Prob  in his Conon","YearBCAD":-393,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3611,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4321,"Dating":"3611d AM,4321 JP, 393 BC"}
{"Index":1535,"EventTxt":"While Tiribazus was with the king  the king sent Struthas into lower Asia to take charge of the naval affairs  The Lacedemonians knew that Struthas hated them for the many injuries which Alcibiades had inflicted on the Persians in those parts and that Struthas favoured the Athenian party and their confederates  Therefore  they sent Thimbron to attack him  Thimbron sailed to Ephesus  From there and other places  on the Meander and from Priene  Leucophrye and Achillium  he plundered the king s neighbouring countries   Xenoph  Hellen         He took over Ioadae and Coressus  a mountain   miles from Ephesus  He had   men whom he had brought with him in addition to those which he raised in Asia  He often made incursions from there and wasted all provinces and nearby places that were under the kings control   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-392,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3612,"JulPer":4322,"Dating":"3612 AM, 4322 JP, 392 BC"}
{"Index":1536,"EventTxt":"After a while  Struthas  with a large company of cavalry    foot soldiers and almost     targeteers camped near the Lacedemonian army  When Struthas knew that Thimbron did not keep military order in sending his men out for service  he sent some cavalry into the plain country  He intended that they would attack whomever they found  When he saw Thimbron send out forces in small numbers and not in military order to relieve them that were attacked  then Struthas and his main body of his cavalry  all in good battle array  attacked them  Thimbron and his dear friend Thersander were killed in the first attack  Thersander was an excellent minstrel and a very good soldier  Hereupon  the rest of the Greeks fled  The Persians chased them  Some they killed  others were captured and only few Greeks escaped to Cnidus and other Greek cities   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-392,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3612,"JulPer":4322,"Dating":"3612 AM, 4322 JP, 392 BC"}
{"Index":1537,"EventTxt":"Ecdicus was sent by the Lacedemonians with   ships to help the bandits of Rhodes  He came to Cnidus and found that the Rhodians were very strong on land and sea and had a fleet twice as big as his  Therefore he stayed at Cnidus without attacking them   Xenoph  Hellen     Diod  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-391,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3613,"JulPer":4323,"Dating":"3613 AM, 4323 JP, 391 BC"}
{"Index":1538,"EventTxt":"In the same fleet  the Lacedemonians sent Diphridas with orders to land in Asia and to man all those cities which had adhered to Thimbron  He was to assemble the remaining troops from Thimbron s defeat and any other soldiers he could get  He started the war anew against Struthas  It was his good fortune to capture Tigranes  Strathus  son in law as he was going with his wife to Sardis  He let him go after extracting a large sum of money from him which he used to pay his army   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-391,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3613,"JulPer":4323,"Dating":"3613 AM, 4323 JP, 391 BC"}
{"Index":1539,"EventTxt":"Euagoras the king of Salamis in Cyprus  ruled almost the entire island through the exploits of his son Protagoras   Isocrates in his Euagoras   The rest of the island  he took over partly by force and partly by persuasive words  The inhabitants of Amathusa  Solos and Citium sent to ask for help from Artaxerxes  They charged Euagoras with the killing of Argyris who was  while he lived  a confederate of the Persians and undertook to help the king get the whole island under his control  Artaxerxes wanted to check Euagoras and desired to control Cyprus so he could use it as a base to defend Asia  He ordered an attack against Euagoras and sent away the ambassadors  He ordered that all his sea towns in Asia to start building and outfitting all the ships they could  Artaxerxes went through the cities of upper Asia and raised a large army   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     He made Antophradates  the governor of Lydia the general of the army  and Hercatonnus the commander of Caria  the admiral of the naval forces   Theopomp  in Biblioth  Photis  p     Instead of making war against Euagoras  Hercatonnus secretly gave him money to hire mercenaries   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    and year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-391,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3613,"JulPer":4323,"Dating":"3613 AM, 4323 JP, 391 BC"}
{"Index":1540,"EventTxt":"When the Lacedemonians saw that Ecdicus did not have enough forces to help their friends  they recalled Telentias from the bay of Corinth and sent him with   ships to replace Ecdicus  Telentias was to support as best he could the Rhodians who favoured the Lacedemonian party and to repress their enemies  When Telentias came to Samos he added more ships to his fleet  From there he sailed to Cnidus and dismissed Ecdicus  He set sail for Rhodes with a fleet of   well furnished ships   Xen  Hellen        with Diod  Sic  year     th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-390,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3614,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4324,"Dating":"3614c AM, 4324 JP, 390 BC"}
{"Index":1541,"EventTxt":"As he was on his way to Rhodes he came upon Philocrates who was sailing from Athens to Cyprus with   ships to help king Euagoras  Telentias took these and carried their spoil to Cnidus where he sold it  So it happened that they who were enemies to the king of Persia  plundered them who were going to make war against the king   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-390,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3614,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4324,"Dating":"3614c AM, 4324 JP, 390 BC"}
{"Index":1542,"EventTxt":"The Athenians saw that the Lacedemonians were recovering their naval power  They sent Thrasybulus with a fleet of   ships against them  He sailed first into Ionia and gathered money from their confederates  He found that all the cities in Asia welcomed him because of that correspondence which was between the king and them  Therefore he set sail for Byzantium and farmed out the collection of the    duty on all ships that passed through that strait  When he made a league of friendship with the Chalcedonians  he returned from the Hellespont   Xen  Hellen        with Diodor  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-390,"Epoch":"6th Age","Dating":"3614d|AM,4324JP, 390 BC"}
{"Index":1543,"EventTxt":"After this he returned into Asia with his fleet and he sent for the required tribute from those of Aspendus which they paid  He anchored his fleet at the mouth of the river Eurymedon  However  some of his company went up into the country and plundered their goods  The men of Aspendus were furious and waited for a chance to strike back  When it came  they attacked and killed many of them including Thrasybulus while he was sleeping in his tent  This act terrified the Athenian captains and they quickly boarded their ships and sailed to Rhodes  The Athenians immediately sent Argyrius to replace Thrasybulus   Xenoph  Hellen        Diodor  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-390,"Epoch":"6th Age","Dating":"3614d|AM,4324JP, 390 BC"}
{"Index":1544,"EventTxt":"Although the Lacedemonians had little reason to find fault with Dercylidas  actions  yet they sent Anaxibius to replace him in the government of Abydus  Anaxibius was in favour with the Ephori and promised to do wonders if he might be furnished with men and money  Therefore they gave him   ships and money to hire and pay   sailors  When he came to Abydus  he raised the land forces with the money which he brought  He caused various cities of Eolia to defect from Pharnabazus  He wasted the enemies  country  When he got   more ships  he troubled the Athenians which sailed along that coast  If he happened to find any of their ships straggling from the rest  he captured and brought them to Abydus   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-389,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3615,"JulPer":4325,"Dating":"3615 AM, 4325 JP, 389 BC"}
{"Index":1545,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians heard of this  they sent Iphicrates who recently returned from Corinth  with   ships and   targeteers  to maintain what Thrasybulus had gotten  He sailed into those parts against Anaxibius  When he came into Chersonesus both he and Anaxibius established a company of pirates and land robbers  to carry on the war for them   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-389,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3615,"JulPer":4325,"Dating":"3615 AM, 4325 JP, 389 BC"}
{"Index":1546,"EventTxt":"Anaxibius went to Antandrus with his mercenaries and his own country men and   foot soldiers from Abydus  There he was very kindly welcomed and entertained  Meanwhile Iphicrates placed ambushes for him in the mountain passages before Anaxibius could return from there to Abydus  The vessels which had carried Iphicrates over at night  Iphicrates ordered to row up the Hellespont that men might think that he was on board and that he was going as his custom was to collect money  The men of Abydus who led the troops came into the plain which lies near a place called Cremastes   where there are gold mines  and the rest were coming down the steep hill and Anaxibius with his Laconian troops followed them  Iphicrates with all his men  rose out of their ambush and attacked them  Anaxibius was thus entrapped  fought courageously and died along with   other Lacedemonians  governors of various cities  The rest fled and Iphicrates pursued them to the very gates of Abydus  Of these    died in addition to   foot soldiers from Abydus  Iphicrates returned into Chersonesus   Xen  Hellen        in  fi","YearBCAD":-388,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3616,"JulPer":4326,"Dating":"3616 AM, 4326 JP, 388 BC"}
{"Index":1547,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians sent Hierax to replace Teleutias as admiral of the fleet  Teleutias returned home  He was dearly loved and admired by his troops   Xenophon Hellen","YearBCAD":-388,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3616,"JulPer":4326,"Dating":"3616 AM, 4326 JP, 388 BC"}
{"Index":1548,"EventTxt":"Shortly after  the Lacedemonians sent Antalcidas to replace Hierax hoping that they would please Tiribazus  When Antalcidas came to Ephesus  he left Nicholochus  lieutenant there  Antalcidas and Tiribazus went together to the king to conclude the peace which was then being disturbed   Xen  Hellen        Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1549,"EventTxt":"To secure Abydus  Nicolochus sailed from Ephesus and on the way he landed at Tenedos  He wasted their country and extracted a sum of money from them and then went on his journey to Abydus  Meanwhile the Athenian captains  who were at Samothrace Thasus and other places nearby hurried to come to the relief of Tenedos  When they found that Nicolochus had safely arrived at Agidus  they left Chersonesus with   ships and besieged him as he stayed at Abidus with   ships   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1550,"EventTxt":"Chabrias with   targeteers and   ships was publicly sent by the Athenians to help Euagoras  He did not leave the place till he had subdued the whole island for him  By this the Athenians became famous in the world   Xenoph  Hellen       and Emil  Prob  in the Life of Chabrias   Lysias the orator  in his oration upon Aristophanes  mentions the embassy sent from the Cypriots to the Athenians asking for aid","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1551,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes detested the Lacedemonians and always said  as Dinon reports  that they were the most impudent of all men living  However  when he saw Antalcidas  the Leonidas and the Calicratidas dance before him  he fell infinitely in love with him  When Antalcidas was eating supper  Artaxerxes sent him a garland made of roses and saffron from his own head  It was dipped in a most costly ointment  He was to wear it for the king s sake  Antalcidas replied  vv Sir  I take and thank you for this noble gift and favour but the perfume of its ointment mars the natural scent and fragrance of the flowers","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1552,"EventTxt":"Plut  in his Artax  and in his Polopidas and in his Sympos        ques     Athenaeus Deiphos        Elia  Varia  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1553,"EventTxt":"Tiribazus returned from the king with Antalcidas when he had made a firm league and alliance in case the Atheninas and their confederates would not partake in that peace which he had negotiated  When Pharnabazus went to the king who was in upper Asia  he married the king s daughter   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1554,"EventTxt":"When Antalcidas returned  he heard that Iphicrates and Diotimus besieged Nicolochus in Abydus with all their fleet  Antalcidas went there by land and sailed at night  He let on that he was summoned to Chalcedon  However  he besieged the port of Percope  When   captains on the Athenian side heard that Antalcidas sailed for Chalcedon  they planned to follow him upon the trade route to Proeconesus  As soon as they sailed by  Antalcidas sailed back to Abydus  By this stratagem  he placed   swift ships in an ambush and intercepted   ships which Thrasybulus the Athenian brought from Thrace to join the main Attic fleet   Xenoph  Hellen         Polyanus        Stratag  in Antalcida","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1555,"EventTxt":"Antalcides received   ships from Syracusae and other parts of Italy which were brought him by Polyxenus and others  From Ionia  Pharnabazus sent ships  He also received ships from Atiobarzanes  his old friend  With his fleet of   ships he was absolute master of the sea  Thereby he forced those ships which came from Pontus and were bound for Athens to discharge their cargo in a port friendly to the Lacedemonian party   Xenoph  Hellen","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1556,"EventTxt":"When Tiribazus had summoned all to come that would subscribe to the peace treaty of Artaxerxes  all the Greek cities sent their ambassadors  He showed them the document with the king s seals attached  He had it read to them  vv The King Artaxerxes thinks it reasonable that the cities which are in Asia as also the islands of Clazomena and Cyprus should be under his government  All other Greek cities  regardless of size  should be free and live according to their own laws  This excludes Leminus  Imbrus and Scirus  which are under the control of the Athenians  Those who shall not receive this peace  I will with those who agree to his peace  wage war by land and by sea with ships and with money","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1557,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors returned to their respective cities with the terms of the peace  Although they were grieved to see the Greek cities in Asia under subjection  they accepted the peace   Xen  Hellen        Isocrates in Panathen  Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Plutarch in Agesil  and Artaxers  and in his Laconical Apophtheg  Aristides in his Leutric    and     This peace was proclaimed   years after the sea battle at Egospotamos and   years before the battle at Leuctra in Boeotia   Polyb","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1558,"EventTxt":"When this peace was made  Agesilaus   according to Xenophon  was very earnest to see that the terms were observed  The Lacedemonians appointed themselves defenders of the peace in Greece  Artaxerxes wrote a letter to Alcibiades which he sent by a Persian with Callias a Lacedemonian  He offered Alcibiades both hospitality and friendship  Alcibiades declined the offer and told the king s messenger to tell his master that  vv He need not trouble himself to write letters to him  For if he continued a good friend to the Lacedemonians  they would be good friends  But if he did any ill to them  he should not think that any of his letters should win him his friendship   Plutarch in his Laconical Apophthegmes","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1559,"EventTxt":"In those articles of Antalcidas  peace  formerly related from Xenophon  who could not be ignorant of its terms  we find that not all the islands bordering on Asia but only two were given to the king  However Plutarch in the life of Artaxerxes  seems to think otherwise  These islands were Clazomenae  which as I showed before    AM and   AM was then an island  and Cyprus  The nature of this peace now drew Chabrias from Cyprus  when he had already subdued it for Euagoras  Euagoras armed almost every man in the island and mustered a huge army against Artaxerxes  When Artaxerxes had made peace with the Greeks  he ordered all his forces to prepare for the conquest of Cyprus        Diod  Sic    year  Olympiad","YearBCAD":-387,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3617,"JulPer":4327,"Dating":"3617 AM, 4327 JP, 387 BC"}
{"Index":1560,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes mustered     foot soldiers and prepared   ships to attack Euagoras  the king of Cyprus  Orontes  the son in law to the king was the general of the army  The admiral of his fleet was Tiribazus  These two assumed their positions at Phocia and Cuma  They first sailed to Cilicia and from there landed in Cyprus  They waged a fierce war against Euagoras  He procured supplies from the Egyptians  Tyrians  Arabians and others who were enemies of the Persians  He had a fleet of   ships of which   were from Tyre and the rest were his  He had  oot soldiers and a huge number of auxiliaries from other parts  Since he had plenty of money  his army grew exceedingly large   Diod        year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-386,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3618,"JulPer":4328,"Dating":"3618 AM, 4328 JP, 386 BC"}
{"Index":1561,"EventTxt":"Euagoras encouraged a number of pirates he had at his command  to attack the enemy cargo ships  Some they captured  others were sunk and the rest dared not sail for fear of them  When the food ran out for the Persian army  some of the mercenaries killed their commanders and the whole army was in rebellion  Hence the officers of the army and Gaus the chief officer at sea were barely able to quiet them  Whereupon  the whole navy sailed for Cilicia and brought food from there for the camp  Acoris king of Egypt supplied Euagoras all the grain  money or other provisions that he could wish for   Diod        year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-386,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3618,"JulPer":4328,"Dating":"3618 AM, 4328 JP, 386 BC"}
{"Index":1562,"EventTxt":"Euagoras knew that his fleet was far too weak for the enemies  Therefore he furnished   more of his own ships and had   more sent to him from king Acoris  His fleet now totalled   ships  In the first encounter by land  he defeated the Persians and routed them again at sea  He suddenly attacked their fleet as they were sailing to Citium and sunk some of them and captured others which were separated from the main body of the navy  When the admiral of the Persian navy and the rest of the commanders had time to recover  they counter attacked and the battle was fierce  At first Euagoras had the upper hand  When Gaus attacked with all his forces and personally fought very courageously  Euagoras  men fled with the loss of many of his ships  After the Persians won  they assembled their land and naval forces at Citium  When they outfitted  they went to besiege Salamis  the chief city  by land and sea   Diod        year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-386,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3618,"JulPer":4328,"Dating":"3618 AM, 4328 JP, 386 BC"}
{"Index":1563,"EventTxt":"Immediately after the fight Teribazus went into Cilicia to carry the news of the victory to Artaxerxes  Euagoras left Salamis to be defended by his son Pythagoras   Protagoras perhaps  of whom I formerly made mention from Isocrates in   AM   He committed the charge of the whole isle to him  Euagoras escaped by night with only   ships and sailed to Egypt  He persuaded Acoris to make a war upon the Persians with all the power he could   Diod        year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-386,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3618,"JulPer":4328,"Dating":"3618 AM, 4328 JP, 386 BC"}
{"Index":1564,"EventTxt":"Euagoras returned to Cyprus but with far less money than he expected  When he found Salamis strongly besieged and himself abandoned by his confederates  he sent to Tiribazus to ask for peace  Tiribazus who was commander in chief  replied that he would grant peace provided that he would surrender all Cyprus except Salamis into the king s hand and pay the king s tribute  He would submit to the authority of the king  As hard as these conditions were  Euagoras agreed to them only he would be subject to the king as one king is to another not as a slave to his master  Tiribazus rejected this   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1565,"EventTxt":"Orantes the other commander in chief who envied the position of Tiribazus  secretly sent letters to the king  his father in law  Among other matters  he accused Tiribazus of planning a rebellion  Also that he had secretly made an alliance with the Lacedemonians and used all means to win over to himself all the main captains and commanders of the army  The king believed these lies and ordered Orontes to seize Tiribazus and send him to him   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1566,"EventTxt":"Orontes feared Tiribazus but devised this plan  There was a house which had a great vault in it  Over this vault he placed a bed and removed its bottom  He covered it over with tapestry and many costly covers  Then he asked Tiribazus to come to him  pretending that he wanted a conference about some urgent matters  When Tiribazus came in  he sat down on the bed and fell through into the vault  He was caught and sent bound in chains to the king   Polyan  Stratag","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1567,"EventTxt":"Now Orontes commanded all the forces in Cyprus  He saw that Euagoras had taken fresh courage and endured the siege more stoutly than before  His soldiers were discontented by Tiribazus  misfortune  When Orontes received no commands he abandoned the siege  He granted Euagoras a peace on the terms Euagoras had purposed to Tiribazus  These were that he would pay a yearly tribute to the king  he would continue to be king of Salamis and as a king he would be obedient in all things to the king  Hence this war in Cyprus ended  which had lasted   years of which   years were spent in preparations and only   years in the war  The king had spent     talents on it  When all was done  Euagoras was in the same state as he was when the war began   Isocrates in his Euagoras  Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1568,"EventTxt":"Gaus  vice admiral of the navy and son in law to Tiribazus  feared lest he be thought to know of Tiribazus  plans that he might meet the same fate as Tiribazus  He thought of defecting from the king  With wealth and soldiers enough and having the loyalty of the chief captains of the navy  he confederated with Acoris king of Egypt and the Lacedemonians to make war on Artaxerxes   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1569,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes followed the example of Cambyses   Herod        c     Valer  Max        c      and had certain of his judges to be flayed alive and their skins hung over the judgment seats  He did this so that they who judged would know what hung over their heads and might be the more careful to do justice to his people   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-385,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3619,"JulPer":4329,"Dating":"3619 AM, 4329 JP, 385 BC"}
{"Index":1570,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes lead an army of     men against the Cadusii  a people lying between the Euxine and the Caspian Sea   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Plut  in Artaxerxes   In this war  many important men died on each side  One on the king s side was Camislates  a Carian who was a brave and valiant man  The king had made him governor of the part of Cilicia  which lies next to Cappadocia and is inhabited by the Leucosytians  In honour of him  the king made his son Datames  governor in his place  He also did great exploits for the king in this war   Emil  Prob  in the Life of Datames","YearBCAD":-384,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3620,"JulPer":4330,"Dating":"3620 AM, 4330 JP, 384 BC"}
{"Index":1571,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes  army in this war was very short of supplies  So much so that a man could hardly buy the head of an ass for   drachmas  Teribazus  who lived then as a poor neglected and contemptible soldier in the army  relieved them in this manner  There were at that time two kings of the Cadusians and they kept their camps separated  Therefore Teribazus told his plan to Artaxerxes  He went to one of the kings and sent his son secretly to the other  Each deceived the king and persuading him that the other king had secretly sent to Artaxerxes to make a peace with him for himself and to leave the other out  Hereupon  each king sent ambassadors  the one with Teribazus  the other with his son to the king and he made peace with them both  So the war was ended   Plut  in Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-384,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3620,"JulPer":4330,"Dating":"3620 AM, 4330 JP, 384 BC"}
{"Index":1572,"EventTxt":"Upon this  the king referred the case of Teribazus to three honourable persons  He made his innocence so obvious and showed that his services to the king were so great  that they declared his innocence  After this  the king held him in very high esteem and heaped great honours on him  Orontes was condemned as a false accuser and thrust from the king s favour  He was counted as an ignominious person after that   Diod  Sic  year     Olympiad","YearBCAD":-384,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3620,"JulPer":4330,"Dating":"3620 AM, 4330 JP, 384 BC"}
{"Index":1573,"EventTxt":"While Gaus was in Cyprus  the Greeks who served under him there  wrote letters against him and sent them to Ionia  To find out who they were  and what they wrote he did the following  He prepared a ship with sailors  He had the captain say that he was sailing for Ionia  The ship stayed for a while to get as many letters aboard as possible and at last set out  Shortly it turned back into a creek not far from the place where it set out from  Orontes went there on foot  All the letters aboard were given to him  After Gaus had read them and found out who had sent them  he had them all executed by torture   Polyan  Stratag        for Gaus is incorrectly written Alos and Glos","YearBCAD":-384,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3620,"JulPer":4330,"Dating":"3620 AM, 4330 JP, 384 BC"}
{"Index":1574,"EventTxt":"After Gaus had provoked the Egyptians and Lacedemonians to war against the Persians  he was killed  I do not know how nor by whom and his plans came to naught  After his death  Tachos got an army and built the town Leuca on a high hill that bordered on the sea  He also built a temple for Apollo  Shortly after this he died  The Clazomenians and the men of Cuma disagreed over who owned this town  The Clazomonians were quicker and took control of it  So all rebellions in Asia ceased  After the death of Gaus and Tachos  the Lacedemonians abandoned Asia and had nothing more to do with it   Diod  Sic  year     Olympiad","YearBCAD":-383,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3621,"JulPer":4331,"Dating":"3621 AM, 4331 JP, 383 BC"}
{"Index":1575,"EventTxt":"When Pharnostratus was governor of Athens  in the month Possideon in the  th year of Nabonassar s account on the  th day of the Egyptian month  Thoth  at     am December  rd   BC  there was a small eclipse of the moon observed at Babylon   Hipparch  in Ptol  in his great Syntax        c  ult","YearBCAD":-382,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3622,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4332,"Dating":"3622b AM, 4332 JP, 382 BC"}
{"Index":1576,"EventTxt":"In the same man s time  in the month Scirrophorion and in the same year of Nabonassar  on the  th day of the month Phammenoth at     pm June  th   BC another lunar eclipse was observed at Babylon   Hipparch  in Ptol  in his great Syntax        c  ult","YearBCAD":-382,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3622,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4332,"Dating":"3622c AM, 4332 JP, 382 BC"}
{"Index":1577,"EventTxt":"When Evander was governor of Athens  in the month of Possideon  in the  th year of Nabonassar s account  the  th day of the month Thoth  at     pm December  th   BC there was a third lunar eclipse observed at Babylon  This was a total eclipse   Hipparch  in Ptol  in his great Syntax        c  ult","YearBCAD":-382,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3623,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4332,"Dating":"3623a AM, 4332 JP, 382 BC"}
{"Index":1578,"EventTxt":"Acoris king of Egypt bore an old grudge against the king of Persia  He gathered a huge army of aliens  especially from Greece  He made Chabrias the Athenian the general of the army  He  without any orders from or consent from Athens  assumed this charge in Egypt and prepared all he could for this war against the Persians  Artaxerxes made Pharnabazus general of his army for this war  When he had made many preparations for it  he sent messengers to Athens and there charged Chabrias for offering his service to the Egyptians  Thereby they would lose Artaxerxes favour  He desired that they would send to him Iphicrates their general  The Athenians who were mainly desirous to endear the king to them and to keep Pharnabazus as their good friend  sent for Chabrias from Egypt and gave Iphicrates orders to go and help Pharnabazus   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-377,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3627,"JulPer":4337,"Dating":"3627 AM, 4337 JP, 377 BC"}
{"Index":1579,"EventTxt":"Iphicrates had the charge of     mercenaries committed to him by Artaxerxes  By continual training and exercise  he made them expert in the art of military affairs  Later among the Romans a skilful soldier was commonly called a Fabian soldier after Fabius and likewise in Greece a good soldier was called an Iphicratian soldier after Iphicrates   Emil  Prob  in Iphicrates   Pharnabazus spent many years in preparing for this war  One time when Iphicrates found Pharnabazus a man so voluble in his speech and so slow in his actions  he asked him the reason why  Pharnabazus said the reason was because I am master of my words  but the king of my actions   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-377,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3627,"JulPer":4337,"Dating":"3627 AM, 4337 JP, 377 BC"}
{"Index":1580,"EventTxt":"Hecatonus Mausolus was made a governor of Caria and so ruled for   years   Diod  Sic  year   of Olymp      He married Artemisia  the older of his two sisters   Strabo","YearBCAD":-377,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3627,"JulPer":4337,"Dating":"3627 AM, 4337 JP, 377 BC"}
{"Index":1581,"EventTxt":"After Acoris died  Psammuthis reigned   year in Egypt","YearBCAD":-376,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3628,"JulPer":4338,"Dating":"3628 AM, 4338 JP, 376 BC"}
{"Index":1582,"EventTxt":"After him  came Nepherites  the last of the dynasty of the Mendesians  and reigned   months  Then arose the first of the dynasty of the Sabennitae  called Nectanabis who reigned   years","YearBCAD":-375,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3629,"JulPer":4339,"Dating":"3629 AM, 4339 JP, 375 BC"}
{"Index":1583,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes was now ready to make war on Egypt  To get more aid from Greece  he sent his ambassadors there to encourage them to make a general peace among themselves  The terms were that every city should from that time on live according to their own laws and they should have no garrisons among them  All the cities of Greece accepted this  except the Thebians   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-375,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3629,"JulPer":4339,"Dating":"3629 AM, 4339 JP, 375 BC"}
{"Index":1584,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes  army was assembled at Aeon in Syria  he had     troops under Pharnabazus and     Greeks under Iphicrates  In the navy  excluding cargo ships  he had   ships with   banks of oars and   of   oars a piece  The first type are called trireis in Greek  the other teiacitioui  In the beginning of the summer  i e  in the first of the spring  the Persian navy sailed for Egypt and came to the frontier town near Syria called Pelusium  They found it exceedingly well fortified by Nectanabis  Hence they put out to sea again and when they were out of sight  they steered for Mendesium  a city on one of the mouths of the Nile  There the shore runs a great way out from the land  They landed   men and Pharnabazus and Iphicrates went to surprise a fort that stood on the very mouth of the river  When they came there    Egyptian cavalry and foot soldiers came to defend the place  There was a fierce skirmish between them  At last  the Egyptians were overwhelmed with the number of Persians which came thronging from the ships to help their troops  They were totally surrounded and were slaughtered  Many of them were taken and the rest fled to a little town nearby  Iphicrates  men pursued them and entered pell mel with them into the gate and captured it  They rased it to the ground and carried away its inhabitants as prisoners   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-374,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3630,"JulPer":4340,"Dating":"3630 AM, 4340 JP, 374 BC"}
{"Index":1585,"EventTxt":"Iphicrates advised them to go presently by water to assault Memphis  the main city of all Egypt  It had no garrison and he thought they should attack it before the Egyptian forces came in to defend it  Pharnabazus did not agree  He would stay until his army came and so they could attack them with less danger  By this delay  the Egyptians had enough time to get supplies into Memphis and from there they made various attacks on the small town which the Persians had seized as I had said before  They skirmished frequently with them and slaughtered many of them  When the time of the year came  the Nile flooded all the country around there and helped fortify Memphis  Therefore the Persian commanders thought it foolish to fight against nature and withdrew from there for the present  So all those huge preparations came to naught   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-374,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3630,"JulPer":4340,"Dating":"3630 AM, 4340 JP, 374 BC"}
{"Index":1586,"EventTxt":"As soon as they returned to Asia  Iphicrates lost favour with Pharnabazus  Iphicrates feared that he might be thrown into prison as happened to Conon  Therefore  he sailed secretly to Athens by night  Pharnabazus sent for him and charged that he was the reason why Egypt was not conquered  The Athenians replied that they would punish him if they saw fit  Shortly after this  the Athenians made him the admiral of all their fleet   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-374,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3630,"JulPer":4340,"Dating":"3630 AM, 4340 JP, 374 BC"}
{"Index":1587,"EventTxt":"Nicocles an eunuch in Cyprus  murdered Euagoras and made himself king of Salamis according to Diodorus in this year s account  Euagoras was murdered by an eunuch   Aristotle    of his Politic  c      but states that his name was Thrasydaeus  We learn from Theopompus  Biblioth  Photii  n      that Euagoras  by this eunuch s help got to lie with the daughter of Nicocreon  He was that tyrant of Cyprus  who  Plutarch in his life  invited Isocrates to supper and that was the cause of his death  Nicocles was Euagaoras  own son according to Isocrates  He had   talents from Nicocles for his written oration that he sent to him   Plutarch in the life of Isocrates  We still have his oration addressed to Nicocles concerning the functions of a king  Another oration entitled Nicocles concerns Nicocles  duties as a prince  A third oration called Euagoras  is a funeral oration made for him  Nicocles in this very year solemnified his father s funeral in a costly and magnificently pompous manner  He held all types of games of music  dancing  wrestling  ship fights and cavalry battles for the funeral  Therefore Isocrates wrote this oration to him in praise and commendation of his father  He hoped that this would serve both Nicocles and his sons and children after them as an example and exhortation of well doing  vv Supposing  that this will serve both you and your children  and the other descendants of Euagoras for utmost encouragement to your well doing   Isocrates in his Euagoras","YearBCAD":-374,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3630,"JulPer":4340,"Dating":"3630 AM, 4340 JP, 374 BC"}
{"Index":1588,"EventTxt":"Hence we may amend that error in Diod  Sic  and say truly that Euagoras was murdered by Thrasidaeus an eunuch and that his own son Nicocles succeeded him in the kingdom of Salamis","YearBCAD":-374,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3630,"JulPer":4340,"Dating":"3630 AM, 4340 JP, 374 BC"}
{"Index":1589,"EventTxt":"When Alcisthenes was governor at Athens  the Greek cities resumed their infighting  Artaxerxes sent ambassadors to urge them to obey the peace treaty and live peacefully with each other  All the Greek cities except Thebes swore an oath to keep the peace  When the peace was made and agreed to by the Athenians  Lacedemonians and Artaxerxes  Iphicrates was recalled with his fleet   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Xenoph  Hellen        and Diony  Halicarnas  in the life of Lysias","YearBCAD":-371,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3633,"JulPer":4343,"Dating":"3633 AM, 4343 JP, 371 BC"}
{"Index":1590,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  in the life of Agesilaus   shows that this peace was concluded and made among the Greeks at Lacedemon on the  th day of the month Scirrophorion with the Athenians and in the last month of Arcisthenes  governorship at Athens on Thursday  July      BC","YearBCAD":-371,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3633,"JulPer":4343,"Dating":"3633 AM, 4343 JP, 371 BC"}
{"Index":1591,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians were badly defeated at Leuctra by Epaminondas  They immediately sent Agesilaus to Egypt and Antalcidas to Artaxerxes to get money  Artaxerxes rejected Antalcidas  request with much scorn and indignation  When he returned he starved himself to death because he had been so spitefully used by Artaxerxes and he feared what the Ephori would do to him   Plut  in Artax","YearBCAD":-370,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3634,"JulPer":4344,"Dating":"3634 AM, 4344 JP, 370 BC"}
{"Index":1592,"EventTxt":"Artabarzanes sent Philiscus of Abidus  who was one of Artaxerxes  lords to Greece to resolve matters between Thebes and their confederates and the Lacedemonians  Philiscus summoned them all to Delphi  Thebes was adament that Messene should not be under the Lacedemonian jurisdiction  Philiscus was so offended by this that he left   of his best soldiers to assist the Lacedemonians against Thebes  Philiscus returned to Asia   Xenoph  Hellen     Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-369,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3635,"JulPer":4345,"Dating":"3635 AM, 4345 JP, 369 BC"}
{"Index":1593,"EventTxt":"When Thebes controlled Greece  they thought it good to send their ambassadors to the king of Persia  For this purpose they called their confederates together and pretended that Euthycles of Lacedemon was already with the king  They sent to the king  Pelopidas from Thebes  Antiochus the athlete from Arcadia  Archidamus of Eleus  a town in Thrace and one other from Argos  When the Athenians heard this  they sent their ambassadors  Timagoras and Leontes  to the king  Among them all Pelopidas was the most gracious in the king s eyes and next to him was Timagoras  All of the others were most honourably treated by the king   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1594,"EventTxt":"Ismenias from Thebes was joint commissioner with Pelopidas in this embassy  When he was brought by Tithraustes the chiliarch into the presence of the king  he was asked to prostrate himself before the king  He dropped his ring before him and presently fell all down and recovered his ring  The king thought he did this to honour him and gave him whatever he asked   Plut  in Artax  Elia  Var  Hist        c","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1595,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Timagoras the Athenian sent a confidential letter by Bubaris  secretary to the king  For his trouble he received   darics  Timagorous had a rich supper sent him at his lodging  Whereupon the king s brother Ostanes  said to him       Remember Timagoras this supper  For it is not sent you for any lowly purpose","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1596,"EventTxt":"This sounded like he was upbraiding Timagoras for some treasonous purpose in him rather than congratulating him for the gift sent to him   Plut  in Artax   It is also said that the king gave Timagorous   cows because he was so sickly and the cattle would give him milk on his journey home  The king also gave him a costly bed and furniture along with some servants to make it because the Greeks were not skilled in such matters  Moreover the king had him carried all along to the seaside in a litter because of his weakness  The king gave those who carried him   talents for their work   Plut  in Artax  and in his Pelopidas  In  Athena         we are told that Timagoras  after his prostration to the king was treated with great honour by the king  He adds only      vv that the king sent him some dishes from his own table","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1597,"EventTxt":"Concerning the costly bed and furniture and the men to make it   as if the Greeks knew not how to make a bed   that were sent by Artaxerxes  he says it was to Timagoras of Crete or Eutimus of Gortyna in Crete  as Phanias in the Peripatetic calls him","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1598,"EventTxt":"Pelopidas by his gracious behaviour with the king  got letters from the king stating that the king ordered that Messene should be exempt from Lacedemonian jurisdiction and the Athenians were required to withdraw their ships  If they did not obey  the king proclaimed open war against both of them  If any city refused to follow him in this war then that city would be the first of all other cities to be made an example of  When Leontes spoke publicly that it was time for the Athenians to look for new friends instead of the king  Artaxerxes asked that if the Athenians did not like it  they should come and state the reasons why not   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1599,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors came home  the Athenians took Timagoras and decapitated him for his prostration to the king  They were insulted that the grovelling flattery of one of their citizens should subject the whole honour of the Athenian state to the domineering power of the Persians   Valer  Max        c       In the text  Darius is written by mistake for Artaxerxes   Others say that it was for his base acceptance of the king s gifts  For more of this see  Plutarch in his Artax  and Pelopidas   Xenophon says that he was accused by his companion Leontes of not lodging with him and communicated all his counsels with Pelopidas  This no doubt was the main cause for his execution","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1600,"EventTxt":"Thebes summoned all the cities of Greece to hear the king s letters read  They were publicly read by the Persian that brought them  He first showed them the king s seal on the letters  The letters stated that all who would be friends to the king and Thebes were required to take an oath for the observance of the contents of those letters  The delegates and later the cities refused to take that oath  Hence that mission to Artaxerxes and the sovereignty of Greece engineered by Pelopidas and Thebes came to naught   Xen  Hellen","YearBCAD":-368,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3636,"JulPer":4346,"Dating":"3636 AM, 4346 JP, 368 BC"}
{"Index":1601,"EventTxt":"Jubilee","YearBCAD":-367,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3638,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4347,"Dating":"3638a AM, 4347 JP, 367 BC"}
{"Index":1602,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes sent other ambassadors into Greece to require them to stop these wars and to make a peace among themselves  In the end  he prevailed with them   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-366,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3638,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4348,"Dating":"3638d AM, 4348 JP, 366 BC"}
{"Index":1603,"EventTxt":"Eudoxus the Cnidian  surnamed Endoxos  that is the famous  was in his prime at this time  He went to Egypt with Chrysippus a physician  and carried with him letters of commendation from Agesilaus to Nectunabis who commended him to the priests there  After spending time with Iconupni of Heliopolis   whom Clemens Alexan  in the first book of his Stromat  calls Conuphis  Apis the bull came to lick his cloak  Whereupon the priests said  that he would become very famous but it would not be long lived   Phavorinus in his commentaries  When Eudoxus had stayed in Egypt for   months  he shaved himself all over to his very eye brows and wrote the Octocris  as some say  This we have in our discourse on the Macednian and Asiatic year   c  ult   From there he is said to have travelled to Cyzicum and Propontis and to have spread his philosophy in those parts  He finally came to Mausolus   Diog  Laertius in his Eudoxus   Others say that Eudoxus went with Plato to Egypt and they both studied   years with the priests there   Strabo","YearBCAD":-366,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3638,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4348,"Dating":"3638d AM, 4348 JP, 366 BC"}
{"Index":1604,"EventTxt":"At Heraclea in Pontus  the common people wanted all debts to be cancelled and all lands equally shared among them  The nobility sent to Timotheus  Prince of Athens and also to Epaminondas of Thebes for help against them  When they refused  they recalled Clearchus home whom they had formerly exiled and begged his help to repress the common people   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-365,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3639,"JulPer":4349,"Dating":"3639 AM, 4349 JP, 365 BC"}
{"Index":1605,"EventTxt":"Clearchus used the dissention among the people as an occasion to become ruler of the city  He dealt secretly with Mithridates king of Pontus  He was an enemy in Greece  Clearchus agreed with Mithridates that when he was called home  he would betray the city into Mithridates  hands and control it after this as governor under Mithridates  When Clearchus set a time to deliver the city into Mithridates his hand  Clearchus captured Mithridates and those that accompanied him when they came to take over the city  Clearchus threw them into prison and let them go when he had extorted a huge sum of money from them  So instead of maintaining the rich men s cause against the people  he made himself a patron of the common people against them  He stirred up the common people against them and behaved cruelly toward the nobility  When the people had made him ruler Clearchus cast   of the chief of them  for the rest were fled  into prison  After first taking away their goods  he had them executed   Justin       c      He followed the example of Dionysius the tyrant of Syracuse and he ruled the city for   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    with the Collections of Photius in his Biblioth  from Memnon the Historiographer of Heraclea  n","YearBCAD":-364,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3640,"JulPer":4350,"Dating":"3640 AM, 4350 JP, 364 BC"}
{"Index":1606,"EventTxt":"Tachos  whom Polyanius        Stratgem   calls Thamos  Aristotle        of his Oeconomics  Taos and Julius Africanus  Teos  reigned in Egypt for   years","YearBCAD":-363,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3641,"JulPer":4351,"Dating":"3641 AM, 4351 JP, 363 BC"}
{"Index":1607,"EventTxt":"With this year Xenophon concludes his   books of his Greek history  Anaximes Lampsacenus concludes the first part of his history  He starts from the birth of the gods and creation of mankind and ends with the battle of Manthinea in which Epaminondas was killed  The history is in   volumes and records almost all things that happened among either the Greeks or the barbarians   Diod  year    Olympiad     In the second part he sets down all the deeds of Philip of Macedonia and his son  Alexander the Great   Pausa     of his Eliaca","YearBCAD":-363,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3641,"JulPer":4351,"Dating":"3641 AM, 4351 JP, 363 BC"}
{"Index":1608,"EventTxt":"After Mithradates king of Pontus died  Ariobarzanes  the governor of Phrygia under Artaxerxes  seized the kingdom of Pontus and ruled it for   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    and year    of Olympiad","YearBCAD":-363,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3641,"JulPer":4351,"Dating":"3641 AM, 4351 JP, 363 BC"}
{"Index":1609,"EventTxt":"When Clearchus the tyrant of Heraclea found that the chief men of Heraclea who had fled from there stirred up all the neighbouring cities and states against him  he freed all their slaves  He gave them their masters  wives and daughters in marriage and threatened death to those that would not  By this he made those slaves more loyal to him and made them more hostile to their masters  Many women reckoned these forced marriages to be worse than death itself  Therefore before their wedding  many murdered their husbands to be and then killed themselves  At last the nobles had a battle with Clearchus  He won and took the nobles as prisoners and led them in a triumph through the city in the sight of all the people  Then he put some of them in irons  others on the rack and others he put to death  He left no part of the city free from the sight and sense of his cruelty   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-363,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3641,"JulPer":4351,"Dating":"3641 AM, 4351 JP, 363 BC"}
{"Index":1610,"EventTxt":"The Lacedemonians became the enemies of Artaxerxes when he claimed to be their friend and yet ordered them to withdraw from Messene and to make it a distinct member in the league of Greece   Xenoph  in his Agesulaus  and Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Ariobarzanes  the Governor of Phrygia joined with the Lacedemonians  He  as I said before  after the death of Mithridates had taken over the kingdom of Pontus   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1611,"EventTxt":"Autophrades  the governor of Lydia besieged Ariobarzanes in Assos  a city of Troas  However  he lifted his seige and fled in fear when Agesilaus  who was now old  came into Asia only to raise money for his country  Cotys  who besieged Sestus and was under Ariobarzanes  command  lifted his seige also  Mausolus who besieged Assus and Sestus with   ships was persuaded to withdraw and he returned home with his fleet  Ariobarzanes       a friend of the Lacedemonians  furnished Agesilaus with money for his country and sent him on his away   Xenoph  in his Agesilaus   Polyanus         mentions the siege of Ariobarzanes by Autophrates in Adramytium","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1612,"EventTxt":"Mausolus  called his friends together and told them that unless Artaxerxes was given an excessive sum of money  he would take away his country which he held by inheritance from his father  His friends thought the country brought him  in an instant  an infinite sum of money   Polyenus       Stratag   compared with  Aristot  in his Oeconomics   However they saw that he was not going to yield to Artaxerxes  Mausolus allied himself with those governors and captains who were rebelling against Artaxerxes  At this time all of Ionia  Lycia  Pisidia  Pamphilia and Cilicia were in rebellion against him  In addition  the Syrians  Phoenicians and almost all that bordered on the Asiatic sea rebelled  Also  Tachos king of Egypt  proclaimed open war against Artaxerxes and was busy everywhere building ships and raising forces for the war  Many of these came from all of Greece and Tachos formed an alliance with the Lacedemonians   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1613,"EventTxt":"When all these rebellions happened at once against Artaxerxes  he lost half of his revenues  The remainder was not enough for the war considering that he was to support a war against the king of Egypt  all the Greek cities and countries in Asia  Also he had to war against the Lacedemonians and their confederates  namely the governors which held the sea towns and regions in all Asia under their command   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1614,"EventTxt":"The king of Egypt sent for Agesilaus  promising to make him general of his army   Xenoph  in his Agesilaus   He was sent there by his country and used the money from Tachos to hire mercenaries  He loaded his ships with   foot soldiers and took with him   Spartan commissioners for his War Council   Plut  in his Agesilaus  and Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     When the news of his landing came to the courtiers in Egypt  they strived to be the first to send him presents  When they came to him  they scorned him  They saw no attendants about him but only a decrepit and wearisome old man  lying along on the beach sloven like and of a small stature  They loathed his sordid and insulant behaviour all the more when they saw that he selected only some grain and veal from all the rich foods they sent him and threw away the dainties  sweet meats and precious ointments to his soldiers   Plut  and Emil  Prob  in his Agesilaus   The king of Egypt did not keep his promise and did not make him the general of his army   Xen  in his Agesilaus   He derided him for the smallness of his stature and said that whoever spoke the old proverb was correct  vv The hills were great with young and delivered a mouse","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1615,"EventTxt":"which when Agesilaus heard  he said in a rage  vv I will one day seem a lion to him   Athenae        with Plutarch","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1616,"EventTxt":"Chabrias the Athenian  was not sent by public authority as Alcibiades was  Tachos persuaded him to serve him as a private citizen   Diod  Sic  and Plutarch   When Chabrias saw the king was short of money  he advised him to take what money he could from the rich and promise them to be paid from his yearly taxes  By this means  Tachos gathered an enormous sum of money without injuring anyone   Polya  Strat         Aristotle        of his Oeconomics   numbers this as but one of the many schemes he had for raising money at this time","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1617,"EventTxt":"They who rebelled in Asia  made Orontes the governor of Mysia  their commander in  chief  When he received enough money to pay for     mercenaries for one year  he captured those who had contributed the money and sent them as prisoners to Artaxerxes  He than betrayed various other cities  forts and mercenaries to the king s officers that the king had sent into those parts   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Polyanus mentions this war by Orontes and Autophradates and other officers of the kings   Polyanus       Stratag   Diodorus assures us that in the last year of Artaxerxes Mnemon both Autophradates and Orontes and other commanders defected from him  Therefore  we must conclude  that Autophradates stood for his son Artaxerxes Ochus and that it was Orontes which made the war against him","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1618,"EventTxt":"Artabazus  who commanded Artaxerxes Mnemon s army  attacked Cappadocia  Datames the governor of that province attacked Artabazus with a strong body of cavalry and     mercenaries on foot  Then Mithrabarzanes his father in law and general of his cavalry stole away from him at night with all his cavalry and fled to Artabazus  Mithrabarzanes and his troops were well paid for this treachery  For it happened that they were attacked and hewed in pieces by both the armies from each side  Diodorus adds  that when Artaxerxes was told that Datames had brought Artaxerxes this noose as a joke  Artaxerxes quickly tried to rid his hands of him and shortly after this  Artaxerxes had him secretly killed  However  it appears from Emil  Prob  that Datames lived long after this  He acknowledges that Datames  affairs were carried out in an obscure way  Hence he says  that he was most careful determining what happened  This he does in such a way as to easily discern that what he did was all in the reign of Artaxerxes Ochus","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1619,"EventTxt":"Rheomithres was sent by the alliance of Persian governors to Egypt  He received   talents and   ships and returned with them to Leucas in Asia  When he sent for many of the governors and leaders to come to him there  he siezed them and sent them all away as prisoners to Artaxerxes  By this act  he re ingratiated himself with the king who was previously displeased with him   Diod  Sic  year   Olympiad","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3642,"JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3642 AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1620,"EventTxt":"When Tachos was fully prepared for war  he put Agesilaus in command of the     Greek mercenaries  His fleet of   ships was under Chabrias who was very skilful in naval affairs   Polya       Stratag   His     Egyptian foot soldiers where under Nectanabus  his brother or sister s son   The Greek word is ambiguous   Tachos was commander over all these forces  Although Agesilaus tried to persuade him to prosecute the war by his officers and to stay in Egypt  yet he refused   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     Nevertheless  Agesilaus  against his better judgment went with him by sea to Phoenicia   Plutarch in his Agesilaus","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3643a AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1621,"EventTxt":"While the Egyptian fleet lay in Phoenicia  Nectanabus was sent to capture some principal cities of Syria  Nectanabus made an agreement with the one whom Tachos had left for governor of Egypt and Nectanabus proclaimed himself king of Egypt  He bribed the army commanders with expensive gifts and promised the soldiers many things so they would side with him against his father   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3643a AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1622,"EventTxt":"Tachos was now utterly deserted by his own subjects and also by Agesilaus whom he had formerly offended by that base jest he made of him  Fearing the worst  Tachos fled from there to Sidon in Phoenicia and from there to the king of Persia   Xenophon and Plutarch affirm and Theopompus and Lysias of Naucratis  in his affairs of Egypt  both cited by Athensus in      c      Diodorus and Elian say further that he was very graciously entertained by Artaxerxes  Although I cannot believe Diodorus that Artaxerxes presently made him general of all the forces which he had then raised to make a war upon Egypt and that he returned with them to Egypt and was there reinstated as king by Agesilaus  Neither can we believe  Elian        Var  Histor  c      where he tells us that Tachos had formerly lived frugally at home and now he died by gorging himself with food after the Persian manner  Lynceus or Lyceas  whom I mentioned before  teaches us  that his Egyptian diet was far more sumptuous than that of the Persian one   cited by Athenaus        c    Deip","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3643a AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1623,"EventTxt":"After this another man made himself king in Mendes with an army of       Plut  in his Agesilaus   Now there were   kings in Egypt  Agesilaus followed Nectanabus whom he thought most favoured the Lacedemonians   Xen  in Agesilaus   He was with him in a long siege in a citadel  Nectanebus grew impatient of being confined and wanted to risk a battle  Agesilaus left him and stayed behind in the citadel until the whole citadel was quite surrounded with siege works and the enemy all around them except for a little place where there was yet a passage through  Then Agesilaus sallied out into that narrow passage and made his way through with a great slaughter of the enemy  He had their siege works at his back so that they could not surround him   Plut  in Agesil  Polya  Stratag        with Diod  year    Olymp      Diodorus writes Tachos  instead of the king of Mendes","YearBCAD":-362,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4352,"Dating":"3643a AM, 4352 JP, 362 BC"}
{"Index":1624,"EventTxt":"Agesilaus defeated the other king who hated the Greeks and took him prisoner  He restored Nectanabus to his kingdom and made him a loyal friend of the Lacedemonians   Xenophon in Agesilaus   However  Emil  Prob  attributes this restitution of the king to Chabrias  The reason for this was that it was done jointly by the Lacedemonians and Athenians  Now from this time until Nectanabus was put out of the kingdom was   years according to Diodorus  Hence the length of his reign was   years not    as Africanus and Eusebius have it","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643b AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1625,"EventTxt":"Nectanabus entreated Agesilaus very earnestly to spend that winter with him  However he hasten home for Sparta was engaged in a war and he knew they needed money and maintained a foreign army  Therefore Nectanabus dismissed Agesilaus very honourably and gave him besides all the other gifts      or  as Emil Probus has it      talents   Plut  in Ages","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643b AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1626,"EventTxt":"When Agesilaus got this money  he hurried home in the dead of winter  He feared lest the Lacedemonians would spend the next summer idle and do nothing against their enemies   Xen  in Agesil   A storm cast him on a deserted shore called Menelai Portus  that is Port of Menelaus lying between Cyrene and Egypt  There he fell sick and died  His friends lacked wax and preserved him with honey and carried him to Sparta   Plutarch and Emilius Probus  in Agesilaus   Diodorus says that his body was buried there in a most royal manner   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643b AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1627,"EventTxt":"Ochus  the lawful son of Artaxerxes  had his brother Arsames murdered who was born from a concubine and dearly loved by his father  He had Harpates the son of Titibazus murder him  When Artaxerxes heard what had happened to his much beloved son  took it to heart and died from grief   Plut  in Artaxerxes","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643c AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1628,"EventTxt":"Ochus knew that his father was highly respected by his people when he was alive  If the news of his death got out  Ochus would not be respected at all  Therefore  he had all the princes and nobles and others that were around him keep the death of his father secret for   months  In the meantime he sent letters into all the provinces in the king s name with his seal on them  requiring that every man accept Ochus for their king   Polya        Stratag","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643c AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1629,"EventTxt":"Heraclea the wife of Clearchus the tyrant of Pontus bore him a son whom he called Dionysus  The son lived   years   Athenaus       and Mnemonin in the collections of Photius  c","YearBCAD":-361,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3643,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4353,"Dating":"3643c AM, 4353 JP, 361 BC"}
{"Index":1630,"EventTxt":"When all men had acknowledged Ochus for king  he announced the death of his father and commanded a public mourning to be made for him according to the Persian manner   Polia         He assumed the name of his father  Artaxerxes   Diodor  Valerius Max   Then he filled his court with the blood of his kindred and nobles without respect to kin  sex or age   Justin        c      He caused his own sister  whose daughter he had married  to be buried alive with her heels upward  An uncle of his with more than   children and grandchildren was brought into a court and there shot to death with arrows   Valer  Max        c      If seems this uncle was the father of Sisygambis who was the mother of Darius the last king of the Persians  She was the queen that Curtius states  Curtius        c      had her father and   brothers executed by Ochus in one day","YearBCAD":-360,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3644,"JulPer":4354,"Dating":"3644 AM, 4354 JP, 360 BC"}
{"Index":1631,"EventTxt":"The states of Chios  Rhodes  Byzantium and Chos  revolted from Athens at the same time  This was called Bellum Sociale  i e  the confederates war  When the Athenians besieged Chios  the Athenians received help from their own confederates and Mausolus the petty king of Caria   Demosthenes in his Oration of Peace and of the Rhodians liberty  Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-358,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3646,"JulPer":4356,"Dating":"3646 AM, 4356 JP, 358 BC"}
{"Index":1632,"EventTxt":"In the first year of the  th Olympiad   as it is rightly read in Eusebius  Chron  from Fuxius  copy  corrected by Arnaldus Pontacus  Alexander was born to King Philip at Pella in Macedonia  Alexander was called the Great because he conquered all Asia  He lived   years and   months according to Arianus  report from Aristobulus and died in the end of year   Olympiad      in the month before the month of Thargelion according to the Attic calendar as we shall see when we come to that year  It follows that he must have been born in this year and that in the third month called Boedromion in the Attic calendar  Hence those who  as in Elian Variar Histor        c      have said that he was born and died in the sixth day of the month Thargelion are incorrect  Plutarch  in the life of Alexander  says  that he was born on the  th day of the month Hecatombeon  called Lous by the Macedonians  There was a good reason why they who lived at that time recorded that he was born on the  th day of the month Lous  At that time the month Lous with the Macedonians was the same time as Meton s Boedromian  This appears in King Philip s Epistle to the Peloponesians  as we have already showed in our discourse in the first chapter of the Macedonian and Asiatic years  The historians and other writers of later times did not note this and found the Syro Macedonian month Lous in Calippus to coincide with the month Boedromion among the Athenians  Hence they thought that Alexander had been born upon the  th day of the month Boedromion","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1633,"EventTxt":"This is the source of the error of Plutarch  which he corrects later by making a more grievous mistake  He says  vv The same day that Philip took Pitidaea  there came to him three reports  one from Pharmenion that he defeated the Illyrians  the second  that he had won the race with his horses at Olympius and the third that his son Alexander was born","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1634,"EventTxt":"For we learn from Demosthenes  in his oration against Leptines  and Diodorus  year of  rd Olympiad    that Polydaea was not taken this year  but two years earlier  If it had been so that Alexander had been born in the  th Olymp  and upon the  th day of Hecatombaeon  it is incredible that he should not have heard of the birth of his son a great deal sooner than he could possibly have done of winning the race of Olympus  For that race was to be run on the day of the full moon and the decision made on the race on the  th day of the same month  This we are taught by the old Scoliast of Pindarus  upon his  th Ode or Hymn of his Olympics  Justin from Trogus tells us more clearly         c      vv The same day on which Alexander was born  news came to him of two victories he had  the one about the battle in Illyrium and the other in a race at Olympus where he sent his chariot with four horses to run","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1635,"EventTxt":"These reports appear to agree with each other  Although I grant that it may be not improbable that Alexander s birth was in the summer season of that year wherein the Olympic games were held at Olympus in Elis  However the testimony of Aristobulus  to whom Alexander was so well known in person  is so firm and strong an argument to me of the day on which he was born  Hence I have no doubt that Philip his father was informed of the race won by him at Olympus before his son was born","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1636,"EventTxt":"The same day that Alexander was born  the temple of Diana at Ephesus burned  Hence came the joke either from Timaeus  as Cicero has it  or from Hegesias the Magnesian according to Plutarh says that  vv Diana being away from home that night to do work at Olympius could not save her own temple   Cit        de Natura deorum and       de Divina and Plut  in his Alexander","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1637,"EventTxt":"When the one who started the fire was put on the rack  he confessed that he did it on purpose  He wanted to be world famous for destroying so famous and excellent a work  Hence by the common council of all Asia  it was decreed that no man should ever after mention him   Valer  Max        c     Aul  Gell        c      However  Theopompus in his History mentions him  It was either Erostratus  as we read  in Strabo        and Solinus c      or Lygdamis  as Hesychius  In the word Lygdam","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1638,"EventTxt":"The priests in Ephesus at that time thought that the burning of this temple was but the harbinger of some greater evil to follow  They ran up and down as if they had been mad and cut their faces  saying  that some great calamity was that day born against all Asia   Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1639,"EventTxt":"Artabazus rebelled against Ochus  He joined his forces with those of Chares the Athenian and defeated an army of     Persians  Chares gathered enough spoil to pay for all his army  The king took up this matter with the Athenians  They heard a rumour that the king was about to send   ships to help their enemies against whom Chares at that time was fighting  They quickly agreed to a peace with their enemies so that war between them and their confederates  called Bellum sociale  was ended   Diod  Sic  year    and    of the   Olymp","YearBCAD":-356,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3648,"JulPer":4358,"Dating":"3648 AM, 4358 JP, 356 BC"}
{"Index":1640,"EventTxt":"Leuco  the king of Bosphorus Cimmerius  died  He was succeeded by his son Spartacus who reigned   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-354,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3650,"JulPer":4360,"Dating":"3650 AM, 4360 JP, 354 BC"}
{"Index":1641,"EventTxt":"When Artabazus was abandoned by Chares and the Athenians  he resorted to the Thebians  They sent him   men under Pammenes  Pammenes with this army went over into Asia and joined with Artabazus  forces  Together they overthrew the king s army in two great battles   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-353,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3651,"JulPer":4361,"Dating":"3651 AM, 4361 JP, 353 BC"}
{"Index":1642,"EventTxt":"When Clearchus the tyrant of Heraclea in Pontus was celebrating the feast of their god Bacchus  he was murdered in the  th year of his reign   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      The man behind the murder was Chion of Heraclea  the son of Matris  a scholar of Plato s and a cousin of Clearchus  Also in on the plot were Leonides and Antitheus both scholars in philosophy  as was Euxenon  Also in on this were some   others of Clearchus  allies and relatives  They waited for the time when the tyrant was busy and attentive with the sacrifice with the rest of the people  Then Chion ran him through with his sword  He fell grievously tormented with pains and haunted with the apparitions and ghosts of those whom he had most barbarously murdered and died the next day  Most of the conspirators  if not all  were either shortly cut in pieces by his guard although they stoutly defended themselves  Those that escaped were captured shortly after and died after horrible torture which they endured with incredible constancy and patience   Memnon in Excerpt  c     Justin        c  ult  and Suidas in Clearchus   See also the Epistles attributed to this Chion  as written by him to his mother Matis","YearBCAD":-353,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3651,"JulPer":4361,"Dating":"3651 AM, 4361 JP, 353 BC"}
{"Index":1643,"EventTxt":"Satyrus  brother to Clearchus  succeeded him in that government and reigned   years  He was not content with the death of the conspirators but executed all their children although they were innocent of their father s deeds  He was left as guardian and protector of Timotheus and Dionysius  brother s children  He was very respectful of them  Although he had a wife whom he loved very dearly yet would he have no children by her  least they might in time prove dangerous to his brother s children   Memnon in Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-353,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3651,"JulPer":4361,"Dating":"3651 AM, 4361 JP, 353 BC"}
{"Index":1644,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of   Olymp  not in the  nd year of the  th Olympiad  as is incorrectly reported by  Pliny lib     c     and     Mausolus the Dynasta or petty king of Caria  died  Artemisia  his sister and wife  succeeded him and reigned for   years since her husband had no children   Diod  and Strabol      From the fervent love she had of the memory of him  she took his bones after they were burnt and beat them to a powder  This was mingled with a most precious perfume and put into her drinking water  She was zealous to be the living and breathing tomb of her deceased husband   A  Gill        c     Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-352,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3652,"JulPer":4362,"Dating":"3652 AM, 4362 JP, 352 BC"}
{"Index":1645,"EventTxt":"In the  th Olympiad  not in the    as Suidas in Thoidectes has it  Artemisia proclaimed a contest for all to come and show their wit and art in praise and honour to her dead husband  Various illustrious men came to this contest  Theopompus from Chios  the best man of all the scholars of Isocrates   Diony  Halicarnasseus in his Epistle to Pompeius  Theodectes a poet of tragedies from the city of Phaselis in Lycia and also a scholar of Isocrates and Naucrates Erythtaeus from Naucratis in Cyrenia  These were all mentioned by Photius  in Biblioth  c         Plutarch  in his life of Isocrates  and other writers say that Isocrates entered the contest too  However this was not the Isocrates from Athens  but another by the same name  He was his scholar and successor in his office according to Suidas  from Callisthenes the Orator  In that contest of wits  Theopompus  as some say  and as others  Theodectes the Tragedian  who left a tragedy entitled Mausolus  won the prize   A  Gell        c     Suidas  in Theodecters and Isocrates   Although it seems that everything did not happen as Theopompus expected because when he was later writing a history  he states in it that  Mausolus never spared for any villany if he might get money by it","YearBCAD":-352,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3652,"JulPer":4362,"Dating":"3652 AM, 4362 JP, 352 BC"}
{"Index":1646,"EventTxt":"In all likelihood  he would never have written this if things had happened there according to his expectation   Snidas in Mausolus","YearBCAD":-352,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3652,"JulPer":4362,"Dating":"3652 AM, 4362 JP, 352 BC"}
{"Index":1647,"EventTxt":"Theopompus  of whom I have spoken before  who was an historian and Theodoctes a Tragedian  I must mention what is reported by Demetrius Phalereus in Aristeas  and from him by Josephus         anti  c     and by Euseb  de Prapar  Evengel        c     and    and in his discourse of the Septuagint Interpretation     Theopompus wanted to insert some things from the books of Moses into his history but lost his mind for   days  During this time when his sanity returned  he earnestly sought God to reveal to him the reason why this great judgment was upon him  In a dream it was told him that it was because he was about to mix those divine oracles with his human studies and publish them to the world  When he abandoned that idea  he was restored to his right mind again  When Theodectes planned to use some things from the Holy Writ into his tragedy he was writing  he suddenly lost his sight  When he realised the reason for this  he asked God s mercy and he was restored to his perfect sight again","YearBCAD":-352,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3652,"JulPer":4362,"Dating":"3652 AM, 4362 JP, 352 BC"}
{"Index":1648,"EventTxt":"Artimisia wanted to perpetuate the memory of her husband  She had built a stupendous tomb for him at Halicarnassus that was considered one of the seven wonders of the world  However she pined away at last and died of grief   Cicero  Tuseul  Quest        Strabo        A  Gell        c      To make this tomb most grand  she had the most famous and skilful workmen in the world order the construction  Scopas  from the east  Bryaxis  from the north  Timotheus from the south and Leochares from the west  Although she died before the work was finished  yet they did not stop the work until it was completed  They knew that by so doing they would also immortalise their own names and glory in it   Pliny       c     with Vitruvins in the Proeme of his  th    Therefore ever after this even in Rome  every sumptuous and magnificent building was called a mausoleum   Pausan  in his Arcadica","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1649,"EventTxt":"After her death her brother Idrieus or Hidrieus headed the government of Caria for   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      He was the second son of Hecatomnus and married Hecatomnus  second daughter Ada  his own sister  according to the law of Caria   Strabo        Ariannus  of the Gests of Alexander","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1650,"EventTxt":"When Thebes was running out of money to carry on their war against the Phoenicians  they sent ambassadors to Ochus and received   talents from him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1651,"EventTxt":"The Phoenicians and especially the inhabitants of Sidon had been badly abused by Ochus and revolted from him  They sent to Nectabenus king of Egypt and formed an alliance with him in a war against the Persians  They prepared a large fleet of ships and had many foot soldiers  They cut down the king s garden and orchard and burnt the hay that was provided for the king s stable  They killed those Persians that had wronged them  Therefore the governors of Syria and Cilicia made war on them  Tennes the king of Sidon  received from the king of Egypt    Greek soldiers under the command of Mentor of Rhodes  These combined with his forces and routed the Persians and drove them from all Phoenicia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1652,"EventTxt":"The petty kings of the   cities of Cyprus who were subject to the king of Persia followed the example of the Phoenicians and agreed with each other to defect from the king  Each of these kings prepared for war and made himself absolute sovereign each in his own city  Artaxerxes Ochus ordered these kings to be subdued by Idricus  He recently became king of Caria and by long tradition of his ancestors was loyal to the kings of Persia and helped in their wars  He sent into Cyprus   ships containing   mercenaries under the command of Phocyon the Athenian and of Euagoras who formerly had been a king there  These began by attacking the strongest city first and besieged Salamis  Many came to the battle from Syria and Cilicia which lay opposite Cyprus  They hoped to get much spoil from the battle  The army of Phocyon and Euagoras was twice as big as before   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1653,"EventTxt":"Artaxerxes Ochus mustered an army of     foot soldiers and     cavalry with   ships and   cargo ships to carry provisions  He left Babylon and went toward Phoenicia and the seaside  Mentor  whom the Sidonians had made commander over the Greek mercenaries  was frightened by his coming  He sent a man called Thessalion to Artaxerxes  offering first to betray all the Sidonians into his hands and later to help him conquer Egypt  When Thessalion had delivered his message and received the king s promise  he kissed his hand to seal the agreement  He returned to Mentor and told him of the king s promise  The Sidonians knew nothing of this   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1654,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Ochus sent his ambassadors into Greece their help against the Egyptians  The Athenians and Lacedemonians answered him  that they would keep the peace made with him  but were unable to help him at this time  However  Thebes sent him   foot soldiers under the command of Lachetes  Argos also sent him   men with no Greek appointed to be over them because the king wanted to have Nicostratus to command them  He was a high spirited man and he imitated Hercules by fighting with a lion s skin wrapped about him and carried a club in his hand  The Greeks who dwelt on the seacoast of Asia  sent him   men  The total Greek forces were     men  Before they arrived  the king had advanced past Syria to Phoenicia and had pitched his camp not far from Sidon   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1655,"EventTxt":"Tennes the king of Sidon  joined with Mentor in his treason and assigned him to the guard of a certain quarter in the town and left him to manage the betrayal on that side  Tennes with   men went out of the city and pretended that he would go to the common meeting of Phoenicia  He had in his company   of the principal councillors of the city  He gave these to be butchered by Artaxerxes who were the authors of that defection from him  Shortly after   more of the chief of the Sidonians came to Artaxerxes to beg for mercy with olive branches in their hands  Artaxerxes had them all shot with arrows as he had done to the former group  He understood that according to Tennes the king that the city would be unconditionally surrendered to him  The Greeks which he bribed  opened the gates to let the king into the city and so betrayed the city to Artaxerxes  Once he was in  he saw that Tennes was of no further service to him and had his throat cut   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1656,"EventTxt":"The Sidonians had burned all their ships before the king came so that no one could escape by ship  When the city was taken  each man shut himself up in his own house with his wife and children and then set his house on fire  Over     perished in the fire  Mixed with cinders of the place was molten silver and gold  The king sold this for many talents  The rest of the cities in the area were terrified and surrendered to the king   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1657,"EventTxt":"From there the king went and captured Jericho   Solinus c      He took many along with him from Judah to serve him in his war against Egypt  This we gather from Aristeas  book of the Septuagint Interpreters and also in the Epistle of Ptolemy Philadelphus to Eleasarus  it is said  vv that many of the Jews were carried away into Egypt by the Persians  while they bare the sway there","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1658,"EventTxt":"This saying of his is to be referred to this time of Artaxerxes Ochus  Also that place in Justin  where he says         c      if there is any truth in either of them  vv that Xerxes was the first of the Persians that subdued the Jews Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-351,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3653,"JulPer":4363,"Dating":"3653 AM, 4363 JP, 351 BC"}
{"Index":1659,"EventTxt":"While Salamis was besieged by Phocyon and Euagoras  all the rest of the cities submitted to the Persians  Only Protagoras king of Salamis held out against them  Euagoras wanted to be restored to his father s kingdom in Salamis  Some men treated him poorly and made accusations against him to the king  Euagoras saw that the king favoured Protagoras over him and gave up in his request to be restored to the kingdom  He went and cleared himself of all charges before the king  He did this so well that the king gave him a far better dynasty in Asia  At last Protagoras voluntarily submitted to the king and held the kingdom of Salamis peacefully after that   Diodor  year   Olympiad     This Euagoras of whom we now speak  it seems was the grandchild of another Euagoras who died   years before by his son Nicocles  For that Euagoras the elder  had a son Nicocles who succeeded him in the kingdom of Salamis  Another called Protagoras  appears from Isocrates  This younger Euagoras who succeeded Nicocles  seems to have been put from his kingdom by Protagoras who was his uncle  He received a better territory than Salamis from Ochus  But by his misdeeds there  he was forced to flee again into Cyprus  He was captured and executed as a malefactor according to Diodorus","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1660,"EventTxt":"Eusebus in Chron  shows that in this  rd year of the  th Olympiad  Ochus forced Nectanebus to flee into Ethiopia and took over all Egypt  He put an end to the kingdom of Egypt  This time was the period of Manetho s Commentaries concerning the history of Egypt and how Egypt was captured by Ochus  Diodorus in this year gives a long account of this","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1661,"EventTxt":"After Orchus destroyed Sidon  the auxiliary forces came to him from Argos  Thebes and the Greek cities in Asia  He united all his forces and he marched to the lake of Sirbonis  Most of his army perished in the bogs of Barathra because they had no guides  From there he marched to Pelusium at the first mouth of the Nile River  It was held by a garrison of   men under Philophron  Here the Greeks encamped close to the city and the Persians camped   miles off  Ochus divided the Greeks into three brigades each of which was to have two commanders  one a Persian and the other a Greek  The first brigade  the Boeotians  were commanded by Lachertes a Theban and Rosaces a Persian  governor of Ionia and Lydia  The second one  the men of Argos  were commanded by Nicostratus a Greek and Aristazanes a Persian  The third brigade was under Mentor  who betrayed Sidon and Bagoas an eunuch of Persia  To each of these Greek brigades were added various companies and troops and sea captains with their squadrons of ships  On the other side  Nectanebus had in his army     auxiliary Greeks and as many to help him from Libya and     from his own country of Egypt who were called Warriors  He had an exceeding large number of river boats  outfitted to fight in the river Nile if required  When he had supplied every place with reasonably sufficient garrisons  he with     Egyptians    Greeks and one half of his Libyans  defended the passages which lay most open and easiest for invasion","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1662,"EventTxt":"When things were thus ordered on both sides  Nicostratus who commanded the Argivians  obtained some Egyptian guides whose wives and children were kept as hostages by the Persians  With his pprtion of the ships  he crossed over one of the channels of the Nile that would be most out of sight from the Egyptians  When the closest garrisons of the Egyptians knew this  they sent to cut them off  over   under Clinius who was from the Isle of Cos  In that encounter  the Greeks on the Persian side slew almost   men on the other side along with their commander Clinius  When Nectanebus heard of this slaughter  he with his army he had about him retired to Memphis to secure that place  Meanwhile Lacrates  who commanded the first brigade of the Greeks  hurried to attack Pelusium  He drained away the water that ran around Pelusium by a ditch that he cut  He raised a mount on the very channel of the old river and there planted his batteries  The Greeks within courageously defended the place  However when they heard that Nectanebus had left the field and retired to Memphis  they sued for peace  Lacrates told them and bound it with an oath that when the town was surrendered  they with their belongings would be all sent to Greece  When they heard this they surrendered the town","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1663,"EventTxt":"Mentor who commanded the third brigade  saw that all the cities were manned with two nationalities  the Greeks and Egyptians  He spread a rumour that Artaxerxes planned to deal most graciously with those who willingly submitted to him  The rest would be treated like those in Sidon  Everywhere the Greeks and Egyptians strived to be the first to surrender their cities to the Persians  Bubastus was the first city to surrender to the Persians  followed by all the rest of the cities  They settled for the best terms they could","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1664,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile when Nectanebus was at Memphis  he heard how all the cities defected to the Persians  Despondent  he gathered all the treasure he could and fled to Ethiopia   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad      Others report  that he shaved his head and disguised his appearance  He went to Pelusium and from there sailed to Philip king of Macedonia at Pella   see the Excerpta  Barbaro Latina  published by Scaliger  p     the Chronicle of Alexandria  or Fasti Siculi  published by Raderus  p     Cedrenus in the Basile Edition  p     and Glycas  p     from Psendo Callisthenes  fabulous history of the Deeds of Alexander","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1665,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes Ochus had possessed all of Egypt  he dismantled all the fortifications of the main cities and destroyed their temples  He got an infinite amount of treasure  Moreover  he took away all their records from their most ancient temples  The priests bought these again by paying a great some of money to Bagoas the Eunuch   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad      Ochus also is said to have derided their ceremonies and their god  Apis   Severus Suppicitsus in his sacred History         The Egyptians called him an ass for his poor behaviour and spirit  Therefore  he violently took their god Apis the bull and sacrificed him to an ass   Elian  Varia  Histor        c      Then he ordered his cooks to prepare the bull for dinner   Suidas in Ochus","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1666,"EventTxt":"After this Ochus rewarded his Greeks who helped him win this victory with wealth and honour  each man according to his deeds  He sent them all away to their own country  He left Pherendates as his viceroy in Egypt  After so great a conquest  he was covered with glory and loaded with spoils  He returned to Babylon with his army   Diod  Sic  year   Olympiad     where he also took many Jews as prisoners  He settled most of them in Hircania which bordered on the Caspian Sea  Georgius Syncellus  from Julius Africanus reports in this  vv Ochus the son of Artaxerxes  made a journey into Egypt  He led away some Jews as captives  He settled some of them in Hircania near the Caspian Sea and the rest in Babylon  There they continue to this day as many Greek writers report","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1667,"EventTxt":"Hecataeus Abderia also  in his first book  De Judais  cited by Josephus  in his  st book Contra Apionem  mentions many tens of thousands of Jews who were carried to Babylon  Later they were settled in Hircania  Paulus Orosins also writes         c      vv Ochus  who is also called Artaxerxes  after his great and long war in Egypt was ended  carried away many of the Jews  He commanded them to settle in Hircania near the Caspian Sea  Here they continue to this day and prosper and increase in population  It is thought that they will one day break out from there into some other quarter of the world","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1668,"EventTxt":"This opinion seems to have no basis except of the passage in APC     concerning the ten tribes who were carried away by Shalmaneser  of the Jews  of certain Hebrews shut up I know not where and of a river Sabbation  Petrus Treccensis in his scholastical history   Esth  c      and from Vincentius Bellovacensis in his Specul  Histor         c      mentions these ten tribes  They were later closely confined in the Caspian Mountains  But these things do not agree with Josephus  whom he alleges for his author  Rather they agree with the writings of that false Gorion and Methodius and even with those fictitious accounts from the Mahometan s Koran  concerning Alexander","YearBCAD":-350,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Es 13:40-46","BibBk1":"Es","AnnoMund":3654,"JulPer":4364,"Dating":"3654 AM, 4364 JP, 350 BC"}
{"Index":1669,"EventTxt":"Ochus rewarded Mentor of Rhodes with   talents in money and very rich furnishings for his house  He made Mentor governor over all the Asiatic shores with full and absolute power to suppress all rebellions which happened in those parts  This great grace and favour he used well  Previously Artabazus and Memnon made war against Ochus  See notes on   AM and   AM  and were driven from Asia  They fled to Philip king of Macedonia and lived with him  Philip secured pardons for Artabazus and Memnon from the king who sent for them both to come to him with all their families  Artabazus had by Mentor and Memnon s sister      sons and  daughters  With so numerous a progeny  Mentor was exceedingly delighted and as each son grew up Mentor made them officers in the Army   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-349,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3655,"JulPer":4365,"Dating":"3655 AM, 4365 JP, 349 BC"}
{"Index":1670,"EventTxt":"Hermias  the archon of Atarne  was in rebellion against Ochus and had many strong cities and citadels under him  Mentor invited him to a peace conference and promised him that he would get him a pardon from the king  When Hermias came  Mentor captured him and took his signet ring  He sent letters in the name of Hermias that required the captains and garrisons everywhere in his dominion to surrender to the ones carrying these letters  This they did immediately   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    and Polyanus Stratag         In like manner he did the same with all the other rebels of the king  Some he took by force and others by tricks  He brought them all under the king s subjection again  He periodically sent the king Greek mercenaries  He managed the government with great wisdom  valour and loyalty to the king   Diod  Sic  year    and    Olymp     and Demosthenes in his Oration  contra Aristocratem","YearBCAD":-349,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3655,"JulPer":4365,"Dating":"3655 AM, 4365 JP, 349 BC"}
{"Index":1671,"EventTxt":"When Spartacus the king of Bosphorus Cimmerius was dead  his brother Parysades succeeded him in the kingdom and held it for   years   Diod  Sic  year    of    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-349,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3655,"JulPer":4365,"Dating":"3655 AM, 4365 JP, 349 BC"}
{"Index":1672,"EventTxt":"In the  st year of the  th Olympiad  when Theophilus was archon in Athens  Plato died who was the philosopher and founder of the old academia   Hermippus in Laertius  Dionysius Halicarnasseus  in his Epistle to Ammeus concerning Demosthenes and Atheneus       c      The saying of Numenius the Pythagorean as reported by Hesychius the Milesian   in Numenius   vv Whatever Plato said concerning God and the world  he stole it all from the books of Moses","YearBCAD":-348,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3656,"JulPer":4366,"Dating":"3656 AM, 4366 JP, 348 BC"}
{"Index":1673,"EventTxt":"Hence came that famous saying of his  reported by Hesychius and his follower Suidas  Even before them Clememens Alexandrinus  Stromat      said of him  vv for what is Plato  but Moses put into good Greek","YearBCAD":-348,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3656,"JulPer":4366,"Dating":"3656 AM, 4366 JP, 348 BC"}
{"Index":1674,"EventTxt":"He says that Plato translated many things from the books of Moses and put them into his own writings  Aristobulus the Jew  See note on   AM  said the same so that I shall not try to defend the authority of Justin Martyr  Clement of Alexandria  Ambrose  Theodoret  Johannes Philoponus  writing on the Hexameron and other Christians","YearBCAD":-348,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3656,"JulPer":4366,"Dating":"3656 AM, 4366 JP, 348 BC"}
{"Index":1675,"EventTxt":"After Plato died  Aristotle  who founded the sect of the Peripatetic Philosophers  travelled to Hermias the eunuch and ruler of Atarve  of whom I spoke in the previous year  He lived with him for   years  according to Laertius from Apollodorus  Chronicle and Dionysius in his previously cited Epistle to Ammeus  Strabo         tells us  that he lived at Assos  which was under the dominion of Hermias and Assos is mentioned in Ac      Aristotle was closely related to Hermias because he married Pythiades the adopted daughter of Hermias  She was either the natural daughter of Hermias  sister or brother  I know not if Aristotle the Peripatetic  as we find in Euseb  de Preparat  Evangel  lib      from the affection he had for Hermias married her after the death of Hermias  While he remained in Asia  he met a Jew who was a man of great learning and temperance  He came from upper Asia to the seaside  There he talked in Greek with Aristotle and any others who wanted to hear him   Clearchus of Solos a principal scholar of Aristotle  as cited by Josephus        contra Apionem   in his  st book de Somno  i e  of sleep   So that perhaps to this Jew it is that the Peripatetic sect of philosophers owe so many of their good sayings  They follow closely the words of Moses and the prophets as our Clement of Alexandria affirms from Aristobulus         Strom","YearBCAD":-348,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3656,"JulPer":4366,"Dating":"3656 AM, 4366 JP, 348 BC"}
{"Index":1676,"EventTxt":"Satyrus  the ruler of Heraclea in Pontus turned over the government to Timotheus  the oldest son of his brother Clearchus  Shortly after this  Satyrus was striken with a most grievous and incurable disease  A cancer grew in his groin which never stopped growing inward until he died at the age of   years  He ruled Heraclea for   years   Meknon in Excerpt  c       Timotheus took his younger brother Dionysius into the government and appointed him to be his successor in case he should die   Meknon in Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-346,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3658,"JulPer":4368,"Dating":"3658 AM, 4368 JP, 346 BC"}
{"Index":1677,"EventTxt":"Memnon of Rhodes  a Persian commander mentioned earlier  sent for Hermias the eunuch and ruler of Atarne  He came suspecting nothing for he was invited as a friend  Memnon seized him and sent him as a prisoner to the king who hanged him  The philosophers  Aristotle and Xenocrates  a Chalcedonian who was born in Bithynia were with Hermias  They got away and escaped from the Persian territories   Strabo         When Aristotle had lived with Hermias   years he went to Mytilene when Eubulus was archon at Athens  in year    of the Olymp      According to Laertius from Apollodorus  Chronicles and also Dionys  Halicarnas  in his Epistle to Ammaeus mentioned previously   There is also extant in Laertius an Epigram of Aristotles  on a statue of Hermias at Delphi  vv Him did the king of Persia stay Contrary to Jove s law or reason  Not by force or bloody fray  But by a friend s detested treason","YearBCAD":-345,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3659,"JulPer":4369,"Dating":"3659 AM, 4369 JP, 345 BC"}
{"Index":1678,"EventTxt":"Therefore I thought it fit to insert this here that no man might think that Aristotle was in anyway party to his death  This they might incorrectly think based on those words of Tertullian where he says that Aristotle made his friend Hermias to leave his place in shame","YearBCAD":-345,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3659,"JulPer":4369,"Dating":"3659 AM, 4369 JP, 345 BC"}
{"Index":1679,"EventTxt":"Idrieus  Prince of Caria died  His enormous wealth is noted by Isocrates  Oration to Philip of Macedonia   His wife Ada who was his sister  succeeded him and ruled for   years   Strabo        Diod  Sic  year    Olymp   In Asia it was common after the time of Semiramis  for wives to succeed their husband s in their kingdoms   Aria in Exped  Ales        p","YearBCAD":-344,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3660,"JulPer":4370,"Dating":"3660 AM, 4370 JP, 344 BC"}
{"Index":1680,"EventTxt":"Pexodarus the youngest son of Hecaromnus  expelled his sister Ada and ruled for   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      He left her the revenues from only the town of Alinda to live on","YearBCAD":-340,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3664,"JulPer":4374,"Dating":"3664 AM, 4374 JP, 340 BC"}
{"Index":1681,"EventTxt":"Pexodarus sent for Orontobates a Persian lord  to make him his consort in the government of Caria  He gave him his daughter Ada for a wife   Aria        Strabo","YearBCAD":-340,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3664,"JulPer":4374,"Dating":"3664 AM, 4374 JP, 340 BC"}
{"Index":1682,"EventTxt":"Philip king of Macedonia and his army of     men besieged Perinthus  a town in Thracia that was on the Propontus  They were well equipped with battering rams and other devices and they constantly tried to destroy the walls so the inhabitants had no time for rest or respite  The king of Persia was becoming alarmed by Philip s success  He ordered his commanders and governors in Asia to send to relieve Perinthus  They were to send all they could which they did   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      This was the main reason Alexander gave in a letter to Darius why he invaded Asia   Aria        p","YearBCAD":-340,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3664,"JulPer":4374,"Dating":"3664 AM, 4374 JP, 340 BC"}
{"Index":1683,"EventTxt":"When Artaxerxes Ochus had reigned for   years  he became sick  Bagoas was the eunuch and chief man under him as chiliarch of the kingdom  Bagoas gave him poison to kill him  Artaxerxes  physician helped Bagoas do this   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     and year    Olymp      Severin Sulpitiscs  Histor  Sacra        Bagoas was an Egyptian and so hated Ochus for killing their god Apis that he revenged that sacrilege  as Sulpitius speaks  done to his nation by killing the king  He cut his flesh into gibbets and threw it to the cats to eat  I do no know what he put into the coffin in place of his flesh  From his thigh bones he made belts and handles for swords and by this represented his propensity to blood and slaughter   Elian  Varia  Histor        c      When Artaxerxes was dead  Bagoas was the most powerful man in the kingdom  He made Artaxerxes  youngest son Arsen the king and executed all his brothers  The young king would have no one left to help him and would be forced to depend on Bagoas all the more   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     and year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-338,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3666,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4376,"Dating":"3666c AM, 4376 JP, 338 BC"}
{"Index":1684,"EventTxt":"Timotheus the tyrant of Heraclea in Pontus  died   years after his father Clearchus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp        For his great kindness  he was not called any more a tyrant  but a gracious lord and saviour  His body was honourably interred by his brother and successor Dionysius  All sorts of justs  tiltings and wrestlings were done  Some were performed then as time permitted and some later which were done with greater pomp and magnificence than the former ones   Memnon in Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-338,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3666,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4376,"Dating":"3666c AM, 4376 JP, 338 BC"}
{"Index":1685,"EventTxt":"At the general assembly of all Greece at Corinth  Philip king of Macedonia  was made general of all the Greek forces  He had absolute power over them to make war against the king of Persia  Presently  he started to make many preparations for the war  He assessed the number of soldiers to be levied from every city and then returned into Macedonia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-337,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3667,"JulPer":4377,"Dating":"3667 AM, 4377 JP, 337 BC"}
{"Index":1686,"EventTxt":"The next spring  Philip sent three of his captains into Asia  Parmenio  Amyntas and Attalus  with part of his army  They were to plunder the king s countries and to liberate the Greek cities   Justin        c     Diod  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1687,"EventTxt":"When Bagoas the eunuch knew that Arsen plotted revenge against him  he killed Arsen and all his children in the  rd year of his reign  When the king s family was utterly destroyed  he set up Darius  a his friend and the son of Arsamis who was a brother to Artaxerxes  Darius claimed the crown as next of kin   Diod  Sic        year    Olympiad     However Justin        c      speaks of him in this manner  vv Codomannus  in regard for his outstanding virtue  was made king by the people and the name of Darius was given him for majesty s sake","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1688,"EventTxt":"Alexander the Great  in Q  Curtius         c      uses these words  vv For Darius did not come to the crown by succession but by the mere procurement and favour of Bagoas the Eunuch","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1689,"EventTxt":"Again in a letter Alexander sent to Darius   Arianus        p      he charges him  vv As a murderer Bagoas had Darius made king  Darius got that kingdom wrongfully and not according to the laws of the Persians but by great injustice","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1690,"EventTxt":"Strabo says          vv When Bagoas had murdered Arsen  he set up Darius who was not of the king s blood in his place","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1691,"EventTxt":"Lastly  Plutarch in his first book  of the fortune of Alexander  introduces him as speaking to Fortune in this manner   for so it should be  in his printed copies  vv Darius who was a slave and a courier of the kings  thou  Bagoas  madest king of the Persians","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1692,"EventTxt":"Also Hesychius tells us in his Lexicon  Astandes  means carrier Suidas states  vv Astandae and Angati  in the Persian language  are those who carry letters from post house to post house until they come to the place of their destination","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1693,"EventTxt":"So Darius was one of them who in Es      are called  ykrtfta and as ajatdud  In Elian it is written for augaidud so for dulhd  We are there to read dild  from the same place in Plutarch","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1694,"EventTxt":"Bagoas planned to poison Darius also  When the plot was discovered  Darius sent for him  When he came  he was ordered to drink of it  When he refused  Darius had it poured down his throat   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad         He told the people that he had killed him in self  defence   Q  Curtius       c","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668c AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1695,"EventTxt":"When Philip was yet living  Darius planned to attack him in Macedonia   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1696,"EventTxt":"Sanballat  a Cuthaean  from whom the Samaritans had their beginning  was made governor of Samaria by Darius  He gave his daughter in marriage to Nicasus the son of Manasses brother to Jaddus the high priest at Jerusalem  He hoped by this marriage to be held in better esteem with the Jews   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1697,"EventTxt":"Philip  king of Macedonia was celebrating the marriage of his daughter Cleopatra with Alexander the king of Epeirus at Egaeas  He was murdered by Pausanias  the son of Cerastes  of Orestis  a place in Macedonia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin       c     Joseph        c      Alexander in his letter to Darius stated that his father was murdered by assassins hired by Darius and paid with a huge sum of money   Q  Curtius       c      in Arria        p","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1698,"EventTxt":"A little before Philip was killed  Neoptolemus a tragedian is reported by Diod          to have sung an ominous song before him  This very song was later sung before Caligula the emperor on the very day when he was murdered  according to Suetonins in his life reports  vv Muester  the actor sung and acted that very song which before Neoptolemus the actor did in a play when Philip  the king of Macedonia  was killed","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1699,"EventTxt":"Josephus did not understand this part of the Roman history too well         Antiq  c      Later he had spoken of Muester and the song which he sang  Rusinus translates it thus in Latin and I to this effect in English saying  vv The actor danced the fable of Cynuras in which both Cinyras and his daughter Marrha were killed","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1700,"EventTxt":"Josephus draws from this that they were both killed on the same day  vv It is known that the murder of Caligula happened on the same day as Philip  the son of Amyuntas king of Macedonia was slain by one of his friends called Pausanias as he was going into the theatre","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1701,"EventTxt":"So some men place both these murders on January  th  However the time of Philip s death is best known by the time when Alexander succeeded him in his kingdom","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1702,"EventTxt":"After the death of Philip  Pythodemus  as Arrian or Pythodorus   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad     calls him  was archon in Athens  Alexander succeeded his father at age     Plutarch and from Trogus  Justin  Although Arianus  in the beginning of his History of Alexander says that he was about   years old when  after his father s death  he journeyed into Peloponesus  This may lend some doubt to him being   years old  Nothing is said of how long the interval was between his father s death and his journey there  The exact age is determined from the time of his death as mentioned at the end of the same history  It is said that he lived   years    months  Of that time  he reigned   years and   months  Subtracting   years and   months from of the total age gives a result of exactly   years to the month  It appears that Philip died at the end of the Macedonian month Daesis   I shall in due time publish these   I therefore gather that Alexander began his reign about the  th month before the  st of the month Dii  Hence Philip was murdered about the  th of September in which month of ours the month Dii begins  This I have documented in my discourse on the solar year of the Macedonians and Afiaticks  It was not the  th of December","YearBCAD":-336,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3668,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4378,"Dating":"3668d AM, 4378 JP, 336 BC"}
{"Index":1703,"EventTxt":"Alexander came to Peloponese and followed his father s example  He summoned all the cities of Greece to Corinth  He was by the general vote of all the Greeks there except the Lacedemonians  made general in his father s place to go against the Persians   Justin       c     Diodorus       Arrian       p","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669 AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1704,"EventTxt":"He returned from there into Macedonia  in the very beginning of the next spring  He went through Thrace and attacked the Illyrians and the Thribulli   Arrian         In a battle on the bank of the Danow  he defeated Syrmus  the king of the Triballi   Plut  in Alex   Meanwhile  he had news that the Athenians  Lacedemonians and Thebans  were defecting to the king of Persia  The instigator of this was Demosthenes the orator who had been bribed with a vast sum of money from the Persians  He made a speech and assured them that Alexander with all his forces were defeated by the king of the Triballi   Justin          c     with Eschines in his Oration cont  Ctesiphontem   Further  the Athenians by certain of their officials sent Demosthenes  letter to the Athenian captains in Alexander s army  They asked Attalus  one of the   captains sent by Philip into Asia to revolt from Alexander  Like the other Greeks  they revoked their order making Alexander the general of the Greek forces   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Demosth  his Oration for Ctesiphon","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669 AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1705,"EventTxt":"Memnon the commander from Rhodes  was sent into Phrygia with   soldiers  After passing by the hill Ida  he suddenly attacked the city of Cyzycum  He was unable to defeat it but wasted their territories and returned loaded with a vast amount of spoil from there   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1706,"EventTxt":"When Pexodarus was dead  his son in law  Orontobates succeeded him in the kingdom of Caria by the authority of the Persian king   Strabo       Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1707,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had conquered those barbarous people he returned to Greece  The country was all in a turmoil  On his way  he befriended the Thessalonians and journeyed through the pass of Thermopylae  He won the Ambracia to him by his kindness  He and his army went into Boeotia and camped before Cadmaea  which was held by a garrison of Macedonians  The Atheninas sent their officials to ask his pardon which he gave them  However  Thebes refused his pardon when he offered it  Therefore he besieged the city   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1708,"EventTxt":"He sent Hecateus with an army into Asia to capture Attalus  Attalus sent the letter which he had received from Demosthenes to Alexander  with a very detailed excuse and justification for his actions  Nevertheless Hecataeus followed his commission and captured him  He sent him packing into another world  So the Asian Macedonian army had peace and the rebellions ceased   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1709,"EventTxt":"Parmenio  who was always loyal to Alexander  took Grinium by force and sold all its townsmen for slaves  From there he went and besieged Pitane  When Memnon approached  he so frightened the Macedonians that they lifted their siege   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1710,"EventTxt":"Callas  with a Macedonian army and other mercenaries  fought with the Persians in the country of Troas  His small forces defeated the Persians and forced them to retire to Rheteum   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3669,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3669d AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1711,"EventTxt":"Alexander laid Thebes in Boeotia level with the ground   Diod  year    Olymp      in October which was the time when the Mysteries were kept in Athens  They did not observe that holy solemnity that year because of what happened   Plut  in Alexan  and Arrian             men in Thebes were killed and     were sold for slaves  All went to ruin except only the houses of the priests  his father Philip s friends and Pindarus the poet   Elian  Varia  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3670a AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1712,"EventTxt":"Alexander at a common council of Greece was chosen general a second time to go against the Persians  Alexander went to visit Diogenes the philosopher   Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-335,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4379,"Dating":"3670a AM, 4379 JP, 335 BC"}
{"Index":1713,"EventTxt":"When he returned to Dios a town in Macedonia   Arrian        p      all his thoughts were upon the conquest of Asia  In his sleep the likeness of the High Priest of Jerusalem appeared to him  who bade him be courageous and bold  He was to quickly enter Asia with his army and that he would conduct his armies in the conquest of the Persian Empire   Josephus  Antiquit        c     s","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670b AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1714,"EventTxt":"Therefore in the very beginning of the spring  Alexander left his own home and after a   day march  he came to Sestus  From there his army crossed over into Asia   Arrian          Euaenetus was then the archon at Athens   This was     years before he died according to Clement of Alexandria as he notes from the most ancient chronologies        Strom   That is  this was the  rd month before Ctesicles came to be archon in Athens  In which time  Diod  Sic  places his trip into Asia in the  rd year of his reign  Zosimus follows Diod  Sic  without noting his error         Histor   It was in the second year of his reign  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1715,"EventTxt":"He left Antipater behind in Europe with     foot soldiers and       cavalry to tend to matters there  Alexander with   ships sailed to Troas   Diod  year    Olymp      but ordered Patmenion to transport the largest part of his foot soldiers and cavalry from Sestus to Abidus  This he did with the help of   ships and a number of cargo ships   Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1716,"EventTxt":"Even those who were present do not agree on how many men Alexander took into Asia  In  Polybius       c     in fi   Calisthenes states he had   cavalry and     foot soldiers  In Plutarch  in his discourse of Alexander s fortune  Aristobulus is alleged to say that he had     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Ptolemy the son of Lagus and later king of Egypt says there were     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Anaximenos of Lampsacus says there were     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Livi         agrees with Aristobulus and says there were   cavalry  Diodorus          Justin     lie      and Orosius         c      agree with Calisthenes that there were   cavalry  Although  Arrian         says  that he had more than   cavalry  Diodorus has a total of   when you sum his numbers  In the number of foot soldiers he says there were     and agrees with Calisthenes  Aristobulus and Ptolemy  Livi says there were more than     foot soldiers  Arrian says that there were not many more than     soldiers  Justinus and Oronus make it to be      Concerning the number of     foot soldiers which Calisthenes and Anaximenes mention  Julius Frontinus assigns to his whole army in this way  vv Alexander of Macedonia  with     men  all veteran soldiers  trained under his father Philip attacked the whole world and slew an infinite number of his enemies   Frontin  Stratag        c","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1717,"EventTxt":"To pay his army  Aristobulus says Alexander took only   talents of money  Duris says he had only   days  of provisions  Sicritus adds  that he went in debt   talents to pay for his army   Plutarch in his life and in his book of the fortune of Alexander","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1718,"EventTxt":"As soon as he landed on the Continent  Alexander was the first of all of them to throw a spear on shore  This signified his taking possession of all Asia  He leaped on shore and danced about in his armour  He offered sacrifice and besought the gods  vv that those lands might willingly receive him for their king","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1719,"EventTxt":"Then he went and sacrificed to the ghost of Achilles  from whom he was descended on his mother s side and to Ajax and other Greek heros who died in the war of Troy   Diodor  Justin  Arrian  He commended the very good fortune of Achilles in two points  First he had so true a friend about him as Patroclus  Secondly  he had a man like Homer to sing his praises   Plut  in Alex  Cic  pro  Archia Poeta  and Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1720,"EventTxt":"When he came into Ilium  he sacrificed to Pallas of Troy  He hung his own arms in her temple and took from there in place of them  some other arms from the chancel  They were there from the time of the of the Trojan war   Diodor  Arrian   Among the other relics they showed the lute of Paris  Alexander said  he would have thanked them if they could have showed him the lute of Achilles by which he had sung the praises of famous men   Plut  in Alex  Elia  Variar  Hist        c","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1721,"EventTxt":"From Ilium he went to Arisbe to join his whole army that had crossed over by sea  The next day he passed by Percota and Lampsacus  He camped at the Prosactium River   Arrian         He planned to utterly destroy Lampsacus and its inhabitants for he thought they had or were planning to defect to the Persians  He saw Anaximines the historian  a man very well known to him and to his father  coming to meet him  He guessed his errand and swore first saying  vv whatever he desired of him  that he would not do","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1722,"EventTxt":"Then Anaximines replied  vv Sir  I beseech you to destroy Lampsacus","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1723,"EventTxt":"Alexander was caught in his own net by the wit of the man  Though much against his will  he went his way and spared the place   Valer  Max        c     Pausan  in his Eliaca        Snidas  in the word  Anaximenes","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1724,"EventTxt":"After much difficulty and danger  Alexander crossed the Granion River in Phrygia and planned a battle with the Persians in the plain of Adrastia  Justinus and Orosius say the Persians had     foot soldiers and     cavalry  Arrian some what improbably adds that besides the mercenaries there were less than     foot soldiers  Diodorus is more cautious and says  that the Persian cavalry was more than     and the army was under     men      Persian foot soldiers and   cavalry died in the battle according to Plutarch  Diodorus reports that they lost     foot soldiers and no less than   cavalry and had more than     taken prisoner  Arrian  account states that the Persian cavalry lost   men and their foreign mercenaries were almost all killed    were taken prisoner  Orosius  account is quite fantastic when he says there were     slain         c","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1725,"EventTxt":"In this fight Alexander who wore that armour which he had taken from the temple of Palas at Ilium  had his head piece cut in pieces to his very hair  Plutarch from Aristobulus states he lost   cavalry and   foot soldiers  However  Justin and Orosius say that   cavalry and   foot soldiers died  According to Arrian  Alexander lost about   men in total who were all Macedonians  Lysippus made brass statues of them  Others say that he lost   cavalry and   foot soldiers  The next day  Alexander had these men buried with all funeral rights  This great and memorable victory opened the way to the empire of all Asia  It happened in the month Daesius with the Macedonians and on the  th of Thargehon with the Athenians or Sunday  May  th   BC in year   of the Olympiad    This we have discussed in detail in our discourse on the Macedonian and Asiatic Solar year   c     pg","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1726,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had rested his army  he marched forward through Lydia and came to Sardis  The city with all it provisions and treasures  was voluntarily surrendered to him by Mithrinnes  or Mithrenes  its governor   Diodorus  Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670c AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1727,"EventTxt":"He went to Ephesus and replaced the oligarchy with a democratic government  He assigned all the tributes which were formerly paid to Darius  to Diana  The Ephesians cried out for justice against those who had robbed the temple of Diana  They demolished the statue of Philip which was set up there  They took Syrphaces  his son  Pelagon his son and the children of the brother of Syrphaces and stoned them to death   Arrian         Moreover they enlarged and beautified the temple itself which was burned down by Erostratus on the night when Alexander was born  They appointed Dimocrates the architect to oversee the work  Alexander later used him to build Alexandria in Egypt   Julius Solinus  c     Artemidorus mentions  Strabo        that Alexander promised to pay for the construction of the temple if the Ephesians would allow him to take the credit as the builder of the work  but they refused","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670d AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1728,"EventTxt":"While Alexander stayed at Ephesus  ambassadors came to him from Magnesia and Tralles and surrendered their cities to him  He sent to meet them  Parmenion with   foreign foot solders and   of his Macedonian troops  with   cavalry from his auxiliaries  He sent also Alcimalus the son of Agathocles  to the cities of Eolia and Ionia  which were held before by the Persians with about the same number of troops as he had sent with Parmenion  Everywhere  he abolished the oligarchies in their cities and set up democratic governments  He gave them permission to live according to their own laws and abolished the tribute they paid to the Persians   Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670d AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1729,"EventTxt":"He stayed at Ephesus and sacrificed to Diana  With his whole army in battle array  he went in a procession to her  The next day he went to Miletus with the rest of his foot soldiers  archers  agrians  the cavalry from Thrace and aides of his confederates and his own troops   Arrian         There the Persians who escaped from the fight at Granicum had fled with their general Memnon   Diodor     days before they arrived  Alexander had sent Nicanor with   ships to capture of the isle of Lada  opposite Miletus  He held it with   men from Thrace and other nations so that when the Persian fleet of   ships came there  they could not get to the mount of Micale   Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670d AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1730,"EventTxt":"Alexander besieged Miletus by land and sea and battered their walls  They finally surrendered to him  The   Greek mercenaries had fled from there to a nearby little island  Alexander took and enlisted them among his own troops  He gave the Milesians their freedom and all the non Greeks there he either killed or sold for slaves   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Arrian","YearBCAD":-334,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3670,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4380,"Dating":"3670d AM, 4380 JP, 334 BC"}
{"Index":1731,"EventTxt":"Alexander dismissed his fleet of   ships    ships according to Justin        c     s   He retained   Athenian ships to carry his battering rams with   Justin        c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1732,"EventTxt":"Memnon of Rhodes  sent his wife and children to Darius  as a pledge of his loyalty and was made general of all his army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1733,"EventTxt":"Alexander marched with his army into Caria  Everywhere he went  he proclaimed liberty to all the Greek cities  He said they could live by their own laws and be free from Persian tribute  He made it clear that this war was to liberate of the Greeks from Persian rule   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1734,"EventTxt":"While he was on his way  Ada met him  She had been expelled by her brother Pexodarus from the kingdom of Caria  She surrendered her city Abinda which was the strongest place in all Caria  She desired to be restored to her grandfather s kingdom and promised further to help him take the rest of the forts and cities of that country  These she said were in the power of her close friends  She adopted Alexander for her son  In return he gave her the town of Abinda and he proclaimed her queen of Caria  He bid her claim Caria and did not refuse to be called her son  Whereupon all the cities of Caria sent their officials to him  They gave him crowns of gold and offered him their service in whatever he would ask them to do   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Strabo        Arrian        Plut  in Alexander","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1735,"EventTxt":"Orontobates a Persian  held Halicarnassus a city of Caria  ever since the days of his father  in law  Pexodarus  Memnon of Rhodes the Persian general  had joined him with all his forces  Alexander encamped before its walls and began to assault and batter it very intensely  Ephialtes an Athenian  behaved valiantly in the defence of the city  When he and others were slain at the breaches in the wall  then Memnon and the Persian princes and captains placed a strong garrison of their best soldiers in the citadel  They then sailed with the rest of the people and all their belongings to the Isle of Cos near to Rhodes  When they were gone  Alexander cast a trench and built a strong wall on it around the citadel  He razed the city to the ground  He left garrisons there and in other parts of Caria  He placed Ptolemy over   foreign soldiers and   cavalry  He left the government of that whole country of Caria to his adopted mother  Ada   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1736,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave his Macedonians who had married wives shortly before they started on this journey  leave to go and spend their winter months with them  They could leave Caria to rejoin their wives  He appointed Ptolemy the son of Seleucus who was one of his captains  to be their commander  He sent with him Caenus the son of Polemocrates and Meleager the son of Neoptolemus who were recently married  He ordered them that when they returned they should bring all the newly married troops to him and with them as many cavalry and foot soldiers as possible from the country where they wintered   Arrian        and Q  Curtius in the beginning of his  rd book","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1737,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Parmenion to Sardis and made him commander over all the cavalry of his confederates  He ordered him to take with him all the Thessalian cavalry and auxiliaries and all carts that he could make  They were to go ahead of him as far as Sardis  while he went to Lycia and Pamphylia  He took all the sea towns so that the navy of the enemy would be useless to them  On his way  he captured a very strong town called Hyparna on his first attack  He allowed the mercenary soldiers to depart in safety  From there he marched into Lycia  The city Telmessus conditionally surrendered to him  When he crossed the Xanthus River  the cities of Pinara  Xanthus  Patara and   smaller towns surrendered to him   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1731,"EventTxt":"Alexander dismissed his fleet of   ships    ships according to Justin        c     s   He retained   Athenian ships to carry his battering rams with   Justin        c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1732,"EventTxt":"Memnon of Rhodes  sent his wife and children to Darius  as a pledge of his loyalty and was made general of all his army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1733,"EventTxt":"Alexander marched with his army into Caria  Everywhere he went  he proclaimed liberty to all the Greek cities  He said they could live by their own laws and be free from Persian tribute  He made it clear that this war was to liberate of the Greeks from Persian rule   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1734,"EventTxt":"While he was on his way  Ada met him  She had been expelled by her brother Pexodarus from the kingdom of Caria  She surrendered her city Abinda which was the strongest place in all Caria  She desired to be restored to her grandfather s kingdom and promised further to help him take the rest of the forts and cities of that country  These she said were in the power of her close friends  She adopted Alexander for her son  In return he gave her the town of Abinda and he proclaimed her queen of Caria  He bid her claim Caria and did not refuse to be called her son  Whereupon all the cities of Caria sent their officials to him  They gave him crowns of gold and offered him their service in whatever he would ask them to do   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Strabo        Arrian        Plut  in Alexander","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1735,"EventTxt":"Orontobates a Persian  held Halicarnassus a city of Caria  ever since the days of his father  in law  Pexodarus  Memnon of Rhodes the Persian general  had joined him with all his forces  Alexander encamped before its walls and began to assault and batter it very intensely  Ephialtes an Athenian  behaved valiantly in the defence of the city  When he and others were slain at the breaches in the wall  then Memnon and the Persian princes and captains placed a strong garrison of their best soldiers in the citadel  They then sailed with the rest of the people and all their belongings to the Isle of Cos near to Rhodes  When they were gone  Alexander cast a trench and built a strong wall on it around the citadel  He razed the city to the ground  He left garrisons there and in other parts of Caria  He placed Ptolemy over   foreign soldiers and   cavalry  He left the government of that whole country of Caria to his adopted mother  Ada   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad    Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1736,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave his Macedonians who had married wives shortly before they started on this journey  leave to go and spend their winter months with them  They could leave Caria to rejoin their wives  He appointed Ptolemy the son of Seleucus who was one of his captains  to be their commander  He sent with him Caenus the son of Polemocrates and Meleager the son of Neoptolemus who were recently married  He ordered them that when they returned they should bring all the newly married troops to him and with them as many cavalry and foot soldiers as possible from the country where they wintered   Arrian        and Q  Curtius in the beginning of his  rd book","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1737,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Parmenion to Sardis and made him commander over all the cavalry of his confederates  He ordered him to take with him all the Thessalian cavalry and auxiliaries and all carts that he could make  They were to go ahead of him as far as Sardis  while he went to Lycia and Pamphylia  He took all the sea towns so that the navy of the enemy would be useless to them  On his way  he captured a very strong town called Hyparna on his first attack  He allowed the mercenary soldiers to depart in safety  From there he marched into Lycia  The city Telmessus conditionally surrendered to him  When he crossed the Xanthus River  the cities of Pinara  Xanthus  Patara and   smaller towns surrendered to him   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671 AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1738,"EventTxt":"In the middle of winter  Alexander went to Myliada in Greater Phrygia and made a league with the ambassador who came to him from Phaselis and the lower Lycia  They surrendered all their cities into his hands  A short time later  Alexander went to Phaselis and razed a strong fort which the Pisidians had built to harass the inhabitants of Phaselis with   Arran","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1739,"EventTxt":"While Alexander was near Phaselis  he received a rumour that Alexander Aeropus whom he had made commander of the Thessalian cavalry intended to kill him  However he and his two brothers Heromenes and Arrobaeus were suspected to be involved in Alexander s father  Philip s death  For Darius received letters from Alexander Aeropus by Amyntas who fled to him  Darius sent Asisines  a Persian  to the sea side under the pretence of having a message for Atysies the governor of Phrygia  The real purpose was to assure Alexander Aeropus that if he killed Alexander  the kingdom of Macedon would be his and Darius would give him   talents of money besides  However Asisnes was intercepted by Pharmenion and put to the rack  He confessed all and he was sent away heavily guarded to Alexander  Alexander looked carefully into the matter and sent Amphoterus to Pharmenion with secret instructions to seize Aeropus and put him in prison   Arran         It was to this matter that Alexander wrote in his letter to Darius  According to Q  Curtis         c      he said  vv When you have forces of your own  yet you go to sell your enemies  heads since you who were recently the king of so great an army would hire a man to take away my life with   talents   Just        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1740,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Phaselis with his army and travelled along the coast to Pergae  From there he came to Aspendus and besieged it  Although the city was situated on a high and rugged mountain  it surrendered to him  He next went into Pindia and tried unsuccessfully to take the city of Telmislus  Instead he made a league with the Selgians who were enemies to the Telmissians  He took Salagassa by force and killed about   Pisidians  He lost his captain Cleander with about   of his own men  From there he went to capture the other cities of Pisidia  Some of their stronger places he took in by force and others surrendered conditionally  After this he came into Phrygia to the marsh lands of Ascania  After his  th camp  he arrived at Celenae   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1741,"EventTxt":"The citadel of Celenae was held by the Persian commander with a garrison of   Carians and   Greek mercenaries  After a   day s truce   in which the commander expected relief from Darius   he surrendered to Alexander   Arrian        and Curtius        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1742,"EventTxt":"Alexander left a garrison of   in Celenae  After he had stayed there   days  he made Antigonus the son of Philippus  governor of Phrygia  He made Balacrus the son of Amyntas the commander of the auxiliaries in his place  Alexander marched to Gordium  He sent a letter to Parmenion that he should not sail to meet him at Gordium   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1743,"EventTxt":"Parmenion with his army and the Macedonians which had leave to be with their new wives  came to Gordium  The army he had recently raised was under the command of Ptolemy  Caenus and Meleager  That army consisted of   Macedonians foot soldiers and   cavalry    Thessalian cavalry and   cavalry from Elis led by Alcias who was from the same country   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1744,"EventTxt":"Darius made Memnon admiral of his fleet and chief commander of all the seacoast  Memnon planned to carry the war from Asia into Macedonia and Greece  He outfitted a navy of   ships and captured the isle of Chios and the rest of the cities and places in Lesbos except Mitylene   Diod  year    Olymp     with Arrian        in prim","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1745,"EventTxt":"The elders of Jerusalem were offended that Manasseh the brother of Jaddua  the high priest  had married a foreign wife contrary to the law  They demanded that he either divorce her or give up his priestly office  Hereupon Jaddua was forced to forbid him to serve at the altar  Manasseh went to tell Sanballat his father in law that he loved his daughter very much but did not want to loose his priesthood for her sake  This was an honour belonging to him by his birthright and it was very highly esteemed by the Jews  Sanballat replied that if Manasseh would not divorce his wife  he would help him stay in the priesthood and make him a high priest and prince of all his own province and build a temple on the hill overlooking Samaria for him  The temple would be at least as good as the one in Jerusalem  Sanballat would do all this by the authority of Darius the king  Manasseh was encouraged by these promises and stayed with his father in law  He hoped to get the priesthood as a gift and by the authority of Darius  Hereupon all the priests and other Israelites who had married foreign wives resorted to him  Sanballat furnished them with money and lands to farm  He promoted the ambition of his son in law as much as possible   Josephus       Antiq  c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1746,"EventTxt":"Alexander undid the Gordian knot  He either pulled out the peg or pin in the beam according to Arrian or he cut it in pieces with his sword  as others state   Plutarch in Alexander  Arrian        Curtius        Justin        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1747,"EventTxt":"Alexander departed from Gordium in Phrygia and went to Ancyra  a city in Galatia  Ambassadors from Paphlagonia came to him and made a league with him and surrendered their country to him  He appointed Calas  a prince of Phrygia to be their new governor  When he had received the new troops from Macedonia  he marched into Cappadocia  He subdued all the country on this side the river Halys and some part of the other side   Arrian        with Curtius       c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1748,"EventTxt":"Memnon died at the siege of Mitylene  Before he died  he appointed Autophradates and Pharnabazus the son of Artabazus to take over the forces until Darius would direct otherwise  They took command subject to certain conditions  Autophradates took over the main body of the ships  Pharnabazus with some ships sailed into Lycia and took with him some mercenaries   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1749,"EventTxt":"After the death of Memnon  Darius conscripted soldiers and ordered them from all countries to come to him at Babylon   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      When he had set up his standard there  he pitched camp and mustered his army  He put a huge trench around the camp that was capable of containing       armed men  Like Xerxes had done with his troops  he went and counted all his forces  The sum came to     Persians of which     were cavalry  The Medians sent     cavalry and     foot soldiers  From the Barcans   who were a people bordering upon Hircania  according to Stephanus  there were   cavalry and     foot soldiers  From Armenia there came     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Hircania sent   cavalry and the Derbices sent him     foot soldiers and   cavalry  From the Caspian Sea came   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Those that were from smaller nations amounted to   foot soldiers and   cavalry  He also had     Greek mercenaries  Curtius says this army        c      had only   men  However  Diodorus says they were     foot soldiers and     cavalry  This number is in the newer editions of Justin  as amended from the manuscripts  Although the older editions  together with Orosius  who follows him in every point  have only     foot soldiers and     cavalry  Both historians  Arrian        and Plutarch in Alexan   say the total number of men was","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1750,"EventTxt":"Charidemus from Athens was a man well skilled in military matters  After Alexander had expelled him from Athens  he defected to Darius  He advised Darius not to manage the army personally but leave it to some general who had proven himself in previous battles  He further stated that an army of     men of which one third would be Greeks would be enough for this battle  By his sage and good counsel  he so incensed the princes with envy and angered the king that he was executed for it   Diod  year    Olymp     Curtius        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1751,"EventTxt":"Darius sent Thymondas or Thymodes  Mentor s son  a bold young man  to Pharnabazus to get from him all the mercenaries whom Memnon had under his command  He was to bring them to Darius and Pharnabazus was to replace Memnon as head of the forces there   Curtius        c     Arrian         in prin","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671b AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1752,"EventTxt":"Alexander committed the charge of Cappadocia to Abistenes  according to Curtius  or  to Sabictas  as Arrian has it   He marched with his whole army to the passes in Cilicia and came to a place called Cyrus  Camp   It was either named after the older Cyrus  as Curtius states or from the younger Cyrus as Arrian thinks  About     miles from there  he found that those passes were controlled by a strong garrison of the enemy that Parmenion had left there  In the first watch of the night  Alexander with his company of foot soldiers troops with shields  archers and his band of Agrians secretly went to attack that garrison  When the garrison heard a rumour about his coming  they threw away their weapons and fled  Arsames the governor of Cilicia had wasted all the country with fire and sword so that Alexander could not get provisions from the place  Then he left Tarsus and went to Darius   Arrian         Curtius        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1753,"EventTxt":"Alexander went very quickly to Tarsus  Since he was so hot from the journey he took off his armour and leaped into the cold water of the Cydnus River which ran through the city  This so shocked his system that he lost his voice and despaired of recovery and waited to die   Justin          c      Curtius adds that this was in the summer season and that the heat of the day was increased by the intensity of the sun in the climate of Cilicia         c      Aristobulus says  that he fell sick by over exerting himself  Arrian         Philip a physician gave him a portion which he took and it cured him immediately  Parmenion had warned him that Philip was set to poison him   Justin  Czardas  Arrow  Pleiad  and Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1754,"EventTxt":"Orontobates the Persian  held out in the citadel at Halicarnassus  with Myundus  and Caunus and Thera and Callipolis against Alexander  They were defeated in a battle by Ptolemy and Asander  The enemy lost about   foot soldiers and   cavalry and had at least   men taken prisoner  After this the Myndians  Caunians and most of the places in the region surrendered to Alexander   Arrian        Curtius       c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1755,"EventTxt":"Darius had a bridge built over the Euphrates and crossed over with his army in five days   Curt       c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1756,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Parmenion to possess the pass which divides Cilicia from Assyria or Syria  This pass is much like the former pass in Cilicia  Alexander followed after him from Tarsus and came to Anchislos on the first day   Arria         From there he marched to Soli and placed his own garrison in the fort there  He levied     talents of silver from the inhabitants for they seemed to favour Darius more than him   Arrian        Curt        c      From there he went with   Macedonians  all his archers and Agrians and went into the hill country of Cilicia  Within   days time  by diplomacy he won them over to him and he returned to Soli  He had sacrificed to Eseulapius and his whole army had gone in procession with burning tapers in their hands  They passed the time with wrestling matches  music and other games  He allowed the city to become a democracy   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1757,"EventTxt":"The Greek soldiers whom Thymodes received by the arrangement with Pharnabazus  were almost Darius  only hope of victory  When they came to him  they were very earnest with him to retire and stay in the plain country of Mesopotamia  Failing that  he should break this vast army of his into parts and not hazard everything on the chance of one battle  Darius did not like their advice for he wanted to finish things quickly  The winter  beginning with autumn  was now drawing on and he sent away all his money  jewels and precious belongings with a reasonable guard to Damascus in Syria  The guard was under the command of Cophenes  the son of Artabazus   Arrian         Darius with the rest of his army marched on to Cilicia  His wife and mother and daughter and little son  according to the custom of Persia  followed after the camp   Curt        c      He left his baggage and such people as were unfit for the war at Damascus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1758,"EventTxt":"When Sanballat heard that Darius was coming into those parts  he told Manasseh that he would quickly do what he had promised him concerning the high priesthood  This he would do when Darius returned in victory over his enemies  All those inhabitants of Asia were absolutely certain Darius would win   Josephus Antiq        c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3671,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3671d AM,4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1759,"EventTxt":"Alexander wanted Philotas to bring the cavalry through the Aleian plains in Lycia to the Pyramus River  Philotas came with the foot soldiers and Alexander s troops to Magarsus  Alexander sacrificed to Minerva at a place called Minerva Magoris        Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1760,"EventTxt":"After he built a bridge over the Pyramus River  he came to the city Mallos in Cilicia   Curt        c      He offered to the ghost of Amphilochus the founder of that place  as to a demi  god  When he found the inhabitants in turmoil and unrest  he befriended them and freed them from paying tribute to Darius   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1761,"EventTxt":"While he stayed at Mallos  he received news that Darius with all his army were encamped at a place called Sochos  This was two day s journey from those passes which I mentioned earlier that parted Cilicia from Assyria or Syria  Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1762,"EventTxt":"From Mallos Alexaxander came to Castabala which was another town in Cilicia  There Parmenion met him  Alexander had sent him to find the way through a forest which he had to go through to come to the town of Issos  Parmenion had seized the way in that forest and left a small company to hold it  He went forward and took the town of Issos also  It was abandoned by the inhabitants when they heard he was coming  He went further and he cleared out all those who were set to guard the inner parts of those mountains and put garrisons everywhere of his own in those places  When he had cleared all those parts of the enemy  he returned to Alexander and told him what he had done   Curt         c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1763,"EventTxt":"Alexander came with his army to Issos  He held a council of war to determine whether he should march on or stay there and expect the supplies which he knew were coming to him from Macedon  Parmenion advised that he could not find a better place to fight than that place  No more could come to fight on the one side than on the other because of the narrowness of the pass   Curt         c      Callisthenes  as he is said in Polybius  says  that when Alexander first came into Cilicia  he received from Macedon    foot soldiers and   cavalry   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1764,"EventTxt":"When Darius had gone through the pass of the hill Amanus  he marched toward Issus  He did not know that he had left Alexander behind him  When Darius had taken the town  he cruelly tortured and put to death a poor company of Macedonians whom Alexander had left there  They were not able because of sickness or other infirmity to follow the camp  The next day Darius marched to the Pinatus River   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1765,"EventTxt":"When Darius heard that Alexander was approaching in battle array  he immediately crossed over the Pinarus River with     cavalry and some     lightly armed foot soldiers so that he might have more time to organise his army for the battle  First  he placed those     heavily armed Greek mercenaries  Opposite the Macedonian squadron on both sides he placed the     Cardaeans who were also heavily armed foot soldiers  He could not possibly arrange them into one squadron and do battle because the place was too narrow  As for the rest of the troops whether heavily armed foot soldiers or those from other countries  he put them together in no particular order behind the main battle line of the Greeks and Cardaeans   Arrian         However Curtius        c     states  vv Nabarzanes who was general of Darius  army  was on the right wing with the cavalry  Next to him were almost     slingers and archers  Thymodes also was in the same wing  commanding some     Greek mercenaries  This was  no doubt  the very cream of the whole army  They were a match for the Macedonian phalanx  On the left wing  was Aristomedes a Thessalian with     foot soldiers from various countries  In the rear  he placed his reserves from the most warlike nations  that he had in all his army  In that wing was the king protected by a guard of   choice cavalry and     foot soldiers  The Hircanian and Median cavalry followed them  Next to them were arranged the cavalry and foot soldiers of the other nations  Some were on the right hand and some on the left  Before this battalion were arranged like this went   slingers and javeliners  All the ground that was there in that pass was filled up entirely with men  The wings reached from the one mountain and the other to the very sea  The queen and the king s mother and the rest of the women were placed in the midst of the army","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1766,"EventTxt":"Callisthenes  who himself was in this battle  says  that there were     cavalry and as many auxiliaries all set to encounter the Macedonian phalanx  However  Polibius         says that Alexander s army consisted wholly of     foot soldiers and   cavalry  He shows the many inaccuracies of Callisthenes  He points out that for inexperience in the marshalling of an army  Callisthenes had written many absurdities and impertinencies in the description of this battle","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1767,"EventTxt":"In the morning when Hephaestion came to Alexander to encourage him to start the battle  he forgot himself and greeted him  vv God help you sir","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1768,"EventTxt":"instead of  vv God save you sir","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1769,"EventTxt":"All the troops who were there  were disturbed by what this meant  They thought he had meant that the king had not been well in his wits  Hephaestion himself grew amazed by his own mistake  When Alexander knew this  he took it up and said that I thank him for his good omen  For this tells me  that we shall all by God s help come safely out of this battle today  This is related by Eumenes Cardianus in his Epistle to Antipater  He was present when the words were spoken and stumbled himself into a similar error  as it is in Lucian s discourse  Of Men s Misunderstandings in their speech","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1770,"EventTxt":"Arrian says  that this battle was fought  when Nicostratus   or as Diodorus Siculus has it  when Micocrates  was archon of Athens  in year   of the      th Olympiad  This was in the month Maemacterion  whose new moon fell on the Wednesday  October  th  In it the Persians lost     cavalry and     foot soldiers  A number of other writers agree with him concerning the losses in the cavalry  Concerning the foot soldiers  they all vary extremely not only from him but from each other  Justin says  there were      Orosius       Curtius       Diodorus       Plutarch says that in all  they lost     men  Justinus and Orosius add  that there were     captured  On Alexander s side  there were   wounded men  They lost   foot soldiers and   cavalry according to Curtius  Concerning the number of the cavalry  Plutarch  Justin and Orosius agree with this  Diodorus says he lost   foot soldiers  the other writers say he lost","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1771,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy the son of Lagus  who was a servant of Alexander  states that in the pursuit of Darius  the squadron marched over the slaughtered bodies of the enemy   Arrian  lib      Although less than   cavalry followed Alexander in the pursuit of Darius yet they slew a huge multitude of the enemy   Curt        c      When Darius was thrown from his coach he climbed onto a mare  She remembered her foal at home and ran so fast that Alexander could not catch up to him   Elianum Historia Animali        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1772,"EventTxt":"Alexander grew weary of the pursuit of Darius  Since the night was drawing on  he gave up all hope of catching Darius  When he had travelled   miles  he returned to Darius  camp about midnight  His men had captured it shortly before this   Diodor  and Curt   They found Darius  mother whom Diodorus calls Sisygnambis  but Curtius  calls Sysigambis  His wife was there also whom Justin says was his sister as well  Darius  son Ochus who was almost   year s old and Darius  two daughters of marriageable age were also found  Also they found a few other noble men s daughters  Most of them had sent their wives and daughters to Damascus with their baggage  Even Darius had sent most of his treasure there as we said before  They found whatever luxurious furniture was the the king s custom to take with him to war  In Darius  camp  Alexander found about   talents of silver   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1773,"EventTxt":"Early the next morning  Alexander took Hephestion with him and went to see the two queens  When Sisygambis mistakenly fell down at Hephestion s feet  she asked Alexander s pardon for it  He replied smiling  vv No harm  for this is Alexander too","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1774,"EventTxt":"Diodor  Curtius  Arrian   In so few words  he gave half of himself away to his friend   Valer  Max        c      As for the two queens and to the women about them  Alexander restored to them all their attire  dressing and ornaments  He added much more of his own belongings to this as well  He did not permit any man to be uncivil with the women   Arran        with Plut        de fort  Alex","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1775,"EventTxt":"In his flight  Darius came to a place called Sochos about two day s journey from the passes of Amanus as we noted before  From Arrian we learn that he collected any Persians and others who survived the battle  He took   of them with him to Thupsacus so that he might have the great Euphrates River between him and Alexander   Curt        c     Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1776,"EventTxt":"Amyntus the son of Antiochus  Thymodes the son of Mentor  Aristomedes Phercus and Bianor of Acarnania had previously defected to the Persians from the Greeks  They fled with  en in their company to Tripoli in Phoenicia  They found ships which had just arrived from Lesbos  They captured them and sailed to Cyprus and then to Egypt  They burned the ships they did not need so they could not be followed   Arrian        with Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     and Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1777,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Balacrus  the son of Nicanor  one of the leaders of his bodyguard  governor of Cilicia  Alexander replaced Nicanor by Menetes  the son of Dionysius  He put Olyperchon the son of Simeus  in charge of the brigade to replace Ptolemy  the son of Seleucus  who was slain in the recent battle  He gave   talents to the men of Solos in Cilicia  These were not paid their wages that he had enlisted them for  He restored to them their hostages that he had taken from them   Arrian         He built   altars  one to Jupiter  another to Hercules and a third to Minerva on the banks of the Pinarus River  Then he marched into Syria and sent Parmenion with the Thessalian cavalry to Damascus before him  Darius had all his treasure here  The cavalry had behaved very courageously in the recent battle  If they captured the city  they would be rich from the spoil   Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1778,"EventTxt":"As Parmemion was on his way to Damascus  he intercepted a message sent to Alexander from the governor of Damascus who offerred to betray the city to Alexander  The  th day he came to Damascus  The governor pretended that he could not hold the city  The next morning before sunrise  he took all the king s treasure  which the Persians call his Gaza  and pretended that he would flee away and save it for Darius  Instead he gave it to Parmenion  As soon as he had done that there was a heavy snow storm and the ground was frozen solid","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1779,"EventTxt":"Among the women that fled from there and were captured  there were   virgins  daughters of Ochus  the last king before Darius  Also in the group were Ochus  queen  the daughter of Oxatris the brother of Darius  the wife of Artabanus a principal man at court and his son Iloneus  There was also taken the wife of Pharnabazus whom Darius had made commander of all the towns and cities lying on the sea with   daughters of Mentor  The wife and son of that most noble Memnon was taken  There was hardly any noble man s house of the court of Persia  which had not his share in this calamity   Plut  in Alexan   Parmenion s report to Alexander indicated that among the rest he had taken   of the king s women who were skilful in music    weavers or knitters of crowns    cooks and   cooks  maids    white meat makers    makers of drinking cups    wine cellar men    apothecaries and confectioners","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1780,"EventTxt":"Also taken were   talents in coins  bars of silver    weight      men    camels which were beasts of burden   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1781,"EventTxt":"The one that betrayed the place  who  as it seems was Cophenes by whom Darius sent his treasure to Damascus   one of his countrymen cut off his head and carried it to Darius   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1782,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Parmenion   according to Curtius  or Memnon   according to Arrian   the governor of Coelosyria  He gave him his auxiliary cavalry for the defence of that province  The Syrians were not totally subdued and did not submit to this new governor  However  they were quickly suppressed and then they submitted to all the commands   Arrian        Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1783,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Parmenion to seize the Persian fleet  Others that were with him  he sent to hold the cities of Asia which had surrendered to him  After the battle of Issos  Darius  own commanders surrendered with all their gold and treasure to Alexander  He marched into Syria and many kings of the east came and submitted to him  These he treated accordingly  Some he made a league with  while others he replaced with new kings   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1784,"EventTxt":"Gerostratus was at that time king of the Isle of Aradus with the adjoining sea coast and of some places also lying further inland  Like the other kings of Cyprus and Phoenicia  they had consolidated their fleets under Darius  Persian commander  Antophradates  Gerostratus  son Strata who was viceroy of Aradus in his father s absence  met Alexander as he was on his way into Phoenicia  He placed a crown of gold on Alexander s head and surrendered the isle of Aradus with Marathus  a large rich town opposite Aradus on the continent  the city Mariamme and whatever else belonged to his father   Arrian        Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1785,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had graceously received Strabo  Alexander marched to the city Marathon  From there he received letters from Darius who wanted to ransom his women captives  Alexander answered in a letter and sent Thersippus to deliver it   Justin       c     Curt        c     Arrian        Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      He wanted back the Greek ambassadors that were sent to Darius before the battle at Issos  Alexander understood that they were taken at Damascus  When Darius sent them  Alexander dismissed the two ambassadors of the Thebans  Thessalicus and Dionysodorus  Also he sent away Iphsicrates of Athens who was the son of that famous Iphicrates  Euthycles the Lacedemonian  he committed first to custody and later released him from irons  Later when everything went well for Alexander  he was sent away too   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1786,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Maratho and captured the city Biblus which conditionally surrendered to him  The Sidonians who had not long before been so terribly abused by Ochus sent to Alexander and desired to submit to him  They hated the Persians and king Darius   Arrian        Curt        c      At that time Strabo reigned there  Because this surrender came more from the people than from Strabo  Alexander replaced Strabo by Abdolominus who lived by tending a poor garden there  Alexander gave him not only the rich furniture of Strabo s house but added various other rich gifts from what he had taken from the Persians  The new king controlled all the adjoining territories of Sidon   Curt        c     Justin        c      Plutarch in his discourse of the fortune of Alexander  calls this man Alynomus the king of Paphon  Diodorus calls him Ballinomus and says that Alexander made him king of Tyre","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1787,"EventTxt":"All of Syria and Phoenicia except Tyre were under Alexander s control  Alexander and his camp were on the continent  Between him and Tyre was a narrow channel of the sea  The Tyrians had sent a very massive crown of gold to him for a present and congratulated him for his great success  They sent him many provisions from their city  He received their presents as he would from good friends  He used many gracious and friendly words to them expressing his great desire to see their city and to sacrifice to Hercules  They told him that there was an alter in Palaetyrus or Old Tyre in the continent near by and that it would be better to offer sacrifice to Hercules on that one since it was the older of the two altars  When he heard this he was so enraged that he vowed to destroy their city  It happened that at the same time there came certain select men from Carthage to perform a yearly sacrifice to Hercules  The Tyrians were the founders of Carthage and the Carthaginians had honoured them as the father of their city  These men exhorted them to hold out and to endure the siege like men  They assured them of speedy supplies and aid from Carthage for at that time the Carthaginians  were a very strong naval power   Curt        c        Justin        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1788,"EventTxt":"Thus Tyre was resolved for a war and they endured a   month siege   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Josephus Antiq        c     Curt        c     Plutarch in Alexander   Their king Azelmious was absent at sea  He left Autophradates  his son behind him in the city   Arrian         Alexander levelled Palaetyrus or old Tyre to the ground  He sent for all the men in the surrounding country to come and help his men throw the stones and rubbish of the entire city into the channel that ran between the two cities  He made a causeway of half a mile long over to Tyre from the old city according to Diodorus  Curtius         c      agrees with him  Pliny        c     said it was   paces long   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1789,"EventTxt":"Amyntas the son of Antiochus had with him   Greeks who had fled from the battle of Issos  as I mentioned previously   Sabaces a Persian and governor of Egypt was killed in the battle of Issos  They set sail from Cyprus to Pelusium and seized the city  Amyntas pretended that he came to take charge of it by the order of Darius to replace Sabaces  From there he went with his army to Memphis  At the news of his coming  the Egyptians came from the towns and the country to help him against the Persians  With their help  he routed the Persians when they attacked him and forced them into the city again  Soon after by the advice of Masases their captain when he saw the Greeks scattered about the country and busy plundering it  Masases sallied forth again  In a surprise attack  he cut Amyntas and all his troops in pieces   Curt        c            c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1790,"EventTxt":"Some of Darius  captains and their troops who escaped from the battle at Issos along with some Cappadocians and Paphlagonians went to retake Lydia  Antigonus  who was Alexander s commander  routed them in three battles  At the same time  the Macedonian fleet came from Greece and attacked Aristomenes  who was sent by Darius to retake the Hellespont  They sunk or took all the Persian fleet   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1791,"EventTxt":"While Alexander besieged Tyre  he sent to Jaddua the high priest at Jerusalem and demanded from him supplies and other provisions plus the tribute they formerly paid to Darius  Jaddua replied that he was bound by a former oath of allegiance to Darius and that he could not be freed from that oath as long as Darius lived  Alexander was very angry and swore that as soon as he had taken Tyre  he would march against Jerusalem   Josephus Antiq        c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1792,"EventTxt":"At the start of the siege of Tyre  Sanballat the Cuthite  defected from Darius and came with   men   Newer additions of Josephus say   not    Editor  Alexander graciously received him  Sanballat asked permission to build a temple on his own land and to make his son  in law  Manasseh the high priest who was the brother to Jaddua the high priest at Jerusalem  When he obtained permission and because he was now growing old  he started the work quickly  He built a temple and made Manasseh the high priest of it  He thought that by this he would bestow great honour to the posterity of his daughter   Josephus Antiq        c     s","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1793,"EventTxt":"Alexander purposed to make a broader causeway from the continent for an easier approach to Tyre  After he had built new engines of war  he marched with his targeteers and a squadron of Agrians  to Sidon  There he gathered as many ships as he possibly could for he knew it would be impossible to take Tyre as long as the Tyrians were masters at sea   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1794,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  when Gerostratus the king of Aradus and Enulus the king of Byblus found that all their cities were already taken by Alexander  they abandoned Antophradates and his fleet and came with their fleets to Alexander  Some ships of the Sidonians also came with them  Now Alexander had a navy of   ships  At the same time Rhodes sent a fleet of   ships to Alexander  One ship  was called Periplus    more came from Soli and Mallus    came from Lycia  Macedon sent a ship of   oars under Captain Proteas  the son of Andronicus  A little time later certain kings of Cyprus sent   ships to the port of Sidon  They heard of his victory at Issos and the news that all Phoenicia had yielded to him  Alexander forgave them their previous wrongs they had done to him  For previously they sided with Darius of necessity not by their free choice   Arian         Azelmicus  the king of Tyre  left Antophradates and came to his own city of Tyre while it was thus besieged  He was in it when it was taken later according to Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1795,"EventTxt":"In Mount Lebanon  Alexander cut timber for his ships  The wild Arabians suddenly attacked the Macedonians while they were busy at their work  They slew   of them and carried away almost as many prisoners  Alexander left Perdiccas and Craterus  or as Polyaenus seems to say  Parmenion  to continue the siege of Tyre  He went with a running camp into Arabia   Curt        c      Polyaenus confirms that he made an excursion into Arabia         Stratag   Arrian gives more details  He says that Alexander with certain cavalry troops  light targeteers and his squadron of Agrians went into Arabia as far as to Anti Lebanon  Plutarch tells us that he marched against the Arabians who dwelt opposite Anti Lebanon","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1796,"EventTxt":"When he was come to the mountainous country of those parts  he planned to leave his cavalry and march on foot as others did  The body of his army had gone a good distance before him and the night was approaching and the enemy was close  Lysimachus  his childhood instructor was exhausted from the journey and Alexander did not want to leave him in that condition  Alexander encouraged him and helped him along  Before he knew it  he and his group were separated from the rest of his company  He would have to pass that night in the dark in a bitter cold frost and in a place devoid of all relief  Nevertheless  he saw not far off many fires made by the enemies  Since he had a nimble and active body  he ran to the next fire and killed the enemies that sat by it  He brought away a firebrand and kindled a fire for himself and the small group of Macedonians that were with him  This fire became so large that the enemies were terrified and did not move against him  So he and his company lay safely all that night  This story Plutarch tells of him from Charaetes  a Mitylean and one of those who wrote the Deeds of Alexander","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1797,"EventTxt":"When he had taken all that country  partly upon amicable terms and partly by force  he returned to Sidon after only     days from the time he left  He found Alexander the son of Polemocrates  had recently arrived with   Greek mercenaries   Arrian","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1798,"EventTxt":"His navy was now outfitted and totalled   ships according to Curtius or to   according to Diodorus  Alexander sailed from Sidon for Tyre in a very good formation  He was in the right wing  in a Quinquereme  or ship of five decks high  In that squadron were also the kings of Cyprus and the rest of the Phoenicians except for Pintagoras or Pythagoras  He and Craterus commanded the left wing   Arrian        Curt        c","YearBCAD":-333,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4381,"Dating":"3672a AM, 4381 JP, 333 BC"}
{"Index":1799,"EventTxt":"Thirty commissioners arrived from Carthage and brought Tyre word that the Carthaginians were so embroiled with war at home that they could not possibly send help to them at this time  This did not discourage the men of Tyre  However  they sent away their wives and children to Carthage  as being a safer place for them no matter what happened at Tyre   Curt        c     with Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin       c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1800,"EventTxt":"When Apollo had appeared to various men in dreams and signified that he would leave the city  the superstitious men of Tyre took good golden chains and bound his image tightly to the foot of his shrine  His image was sent there from Syracuse according to Curtius or from Gela in Sicily by the Carthaginians as we have noted from Diodorus   See note on   AM   They fastened the chain to the altar of Hercules the tutelar god of that city as if he should be able to hold Apollo by his strength from leaving   Curt        c     Diod Sic  year    Olymp     Plutarch in Alexander","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1801,"EventTxt":"While Alexander besieged Tyre  ambassadors from Darius came to him and offered him     talents  not as Valer  Max  wrote        to ransom his mother  wife and children and all the territory lying between the Hellespont and the river Halys  Darius would give his daughter in marriage to Alexander  This offer was discussed in a council of his friends  It is reported that Parmenion said that if he were Alexander  he would not refuse those conditions  Whereupon Alexander replied that no more would he if he were Parmenion  Alexander wrote back to Darius that he offered him nothing but what was already his  Therefore he wished him to come in person to ask for his wife back and to accept such conditions as Alexander would give him   Arrian        Justin       c     Curt        c     Plutarch in his Apostchegmes and in his Alexander Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1802,"EventTxt":"Tyre was taken  when Anicetes   or Nicetes according to Dionys  Halicarnas  in Dinarchus  was archon in Athens in the month of Hecatombaeon   Arrian        p      In the middle of that month  the   Olympiad ended  In Plutarch we find that it was on the  th day of the month Loi according to the Macedonian calendar and the  th of Hacatombaeon on the Athenian calendar  This was July  th as I have shown  in the end of chapter    of my discourse of the Solar years of the Macedonians and Asians","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1803,"EventTxt":"Justin         c      says it was taken by treason  Polyaenus by a stratagem         stratag   and Diodorus  Arrian   Curtius say by pure force  When the enemies had got into the city  yet the townsmen maintained the fight until there were   thousand of them cut in pieces   Diodorus","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1804,"EventTxt":"Arrian states that there were   of the inhabitants killed  Curtius says that after the battle   more were hung up all along the shore  Diodorus states that Alexander hanged   young men all in their prime  Justin says that in remembrance of the old slaughter the inhabitants had made  he had all that were captured  crucified  He put them to a death befitting a slave because the Tyrian slaves had made a conspiracy against their own masters and had murdered all the freemen of that city with their own masters  They set up their own government and killed everyone except Strata an old man and his son  On him and his posterity  they established the kingdom","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1805,"EventTxt":"Concerning Alexander  Justin further adds  vv that he spared all the descendants of Strata and restored the kingdom to him and his posterity","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1806,"EventTxt":"This means perhaps Ballonymus  whom Diodorus confounds with Abdolominus  whom Alexander made king of the Sidonians a short time earlier   Alexander left the city to be repopulated by its innocent and harmless inhabitants  When he had abolished that wicked generation of slaves  he hoped to be considered the founder of a new and better people there","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1807,"EventTxt":"By this means it was  that Justin from Trogus  made Alexander the restorer and rebuilder of Tyre         c        All other writers made him not its founder but its destroyer  The prophecy of Isaiah concurring with this  Isa     compared with APC IMa     For if we believe Curtius  Alexander spared those who fled to the temples and slew everyone else and set fire to their houses  According to Diodorus  he made slaves of all that were not able to bear arms  together with the women and girls  This was over     even though most had been sent away to Carthage  However  according to Arrian  Alexander spared all that Azelmicus and the commissioners who came from Carthage had brought to the sacrifice of Hercules  He sold all the rest for slaves  to the number of","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1808,"EventTxt":"Curtius says that the Sidonians which joined in with the rest of Alexander s soldiers did not forget their blood ties between them and the Tyrians  For they believed that they were all brought there by Agenor who was the founder of both cities  The Sidonians got     on their ships and saved them  Curius        c      states  vv Tyre quickly recovered and later grew to be a city again","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1809,"EventTxt":"Strabo        p      states  vv After this enormous calamity brought on them by Alexander  they quickly overcame their misfortunes by their navigational skills and with their purple dye industry","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1810,"EventTxt":"Justin        c      states  vv By their parsimony and industry  they quickly recovered strength again","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1811,"EventTxt":"This happened so quickly that in the  th year from then  they endured another siege from Antigonus who was then lord of all Asia  This siege lasted not   months as in the case of Alexander  but a full   months   Diod  Sic        year    Olymp      They were not now content with their little city which was joined to the continent by Alexander s causeways and other works  They so enlarged their boundaries that in Pliny s time the wall of their city enclosed almost   miles  When one included Palaetyrus or Old Tyre with it the whole enclosure came to no less than   miles   Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1812,"EventTxt":"Admetus  who first got onto the wall with   targeteers were all slain at the very first encounter with the enemy  In the whole time of the siege  no more than   Macedonians were lost   Arrian","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1813,"EventTxt":"Alexander offered sacrifices to Hercules and went in procession with his whole host in full armour to his temple  He held a show also with his ships and caused wrestling and other games to be performed by torch light  There was a certain Tyrian ship consecrated to his honour which he had captured  This he rededicated to himself   Arrian         He took the golden chain from off of Apollos  image and the robes he was attired with  He gave the image a new name  Alexander s friend   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Timaeus states that Alexander captured Tyre on the very exactly the same day that the Carthaginians had taken the image of Apollo from Gela in Sicily  The Greeks offered to Apollo a magnificent and solemn sacrifice as if by his power and favour they had captured Tyre   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1814,"EventTxt":"As soon as Alexander had taken Tyre  he marched into Judah   Euseb  Chron  with Pliny        c      and subdued all that part of Syria which is called Palestina   Arrian        p      He went in person against those places that would not willingly submit to him   Curt        c      When he was on his march to Jerusalem  Jaddua the high priest who was terrified by his former threats and now feared his rage  resorted to God by prayers and sacrifices for the common safety of all  God warned him in a dream that he should make a holy day in the city and open wide the city gates  He and the rest of the priests would go forth in their priestly raiment and all the rest of the people would be clothed all in white and accompany him to meet Alexander  When Alexander saw this company coming to him from a distance  he went all alone to the high priest  After he prostrated himself before that God whose name he saw engraven in the golden plate of his mitre he greeted him  When Parmenion asked the reason for his behaviour  he replied that while he was still in Macedon planning the conquest of Asia  there appeared to him a man clothed like this high priest who invited him into Asia and assured him of all success in the conquest of it  The priests went before him as he entered into Jerusalem  He went up to the temple and sacrificed to God in the manner the priests showed him  They had showed him the book of the prophet Daniel in which it was written that a Greek should come and destroy the Persians  Da             He did not doubt but he was the one in the prophecy  After this he dismissed the company   Joseph        c     s","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1815,"EventTxt":"The next day  he assembled the people and asked them what they wanted from him  They replied they wanted nothing but that they might live according to the laws of their own country and that every  th year   in the sabbatical year when there was no harvest  they might be exempt from paying any tribute  He granted all they asked  When they asked further that he would allow the Jews who dwelt in the countries of Babylon and Media to live according to their own rites and laws he answered  that he would grant that request as soon as he had taken those countries too  When he told them that if any of them would follow him in his wars they could use their own rites wherever they came  many enlisted to serve him  When he had settled all matters in Jerusalem  he left and went to the rest of the cities of that country and was joyfully received everywhere   Joseph        c     s","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1816,"EventTxt":"One of Alexander s captains  Callas went and recaptured Paphagonia  which defected from Alexander after the battle at Issos  Alexander s captains Antigonus Lyconia and Balacrus captured the city of Miletus after they defeated Darius  captain Idarnes   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1817,"EventTxt":"Alexander had given the government of Cilicia to Socrates and wanted Philotas the son of Parmenion  to take care of the country about Tyre  Coelo Syria was committed to Andronicus by Parmenion  He wanted to follow Alexander in the war  Alexander commanded Hephastion with the fleet  to scour the coast of Phoenicia  He went with his whole army to Gaza  Curt        c      and besieged the garrison of Persians for two months   Diod  Sic  year    Olympiad       Josephus         c     s       It appears modern editions of Josephus have deleted part of chapter    Editor","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1818,"EventTxt":"According to Josephus  the name of the captain of the garrison at Gaza was Babemeses  or according to Curtius and Arrian  Batis an Eunuch  He was very loyal to his king   He hired some Arabian mercenaries and made good provision of food and other things  He defended the walls  which were very strong with a small company of men","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1819,"EventTxt":"Alexander received two wounds at this siege  When Batis was taken alive  Alexander had cords or thongs drawn through his ankles and tied him to a chariot  He was dragged around the city  In that siege     Persians and Arabians died  The Macedonians also lost men   Curt        c      Alexander sold all the women and children there for slaves  He repopulated the place with inhabitants from the neighbouring parts and made that the location of his garrison   Arrian        in fin   Those words of Strabo are not easily understood unless they refer to the former state of that city  He states    Strabo             vv Gaza which was formerly a glorious city  was destroyed by Alexander and remained desolate","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1820,"EventTxt":"We will say that this was meant of a later Gaza built in another place which Jerome in his book  De Locis Hebraicis  i e  of places in Judea  affirms in this way  vv The question is  how in one of the prophets it is said  And Gaza shall be turned into an everlasting heap  which is thus answered  There are scarcely left to be seen any sign of the old city  The present city of Gaza was built in another place instead of the location of the one which was destroyed","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1821,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had done what he wanted to do to Gaza  he sent Amyntas the son of Andremon  with   ships to Macedon to bring him the best of the youth for his army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Curt        c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3672,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3672c AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1822,"EventTxt":"From Gaza  Alexander marched into Egypt as he formerly planned    days after he left Gaza  he came to a place which he named Alexander s Camp  From there he came to the city Pelusium   Arrian        in pri  Curt        c      He did not go back again from Gaza to Jerusalem  as Josephus incorrectly reports","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1823,"EventTxt":"A large number of the Egyptians who were expecting Alexander s arrival  assembled at Pelusium  They were offended by the Persian s pride  avarice  and sacrilege and eagerly welcomed the arrival of the Macedonians   Curt        c     Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1824,"EventTxt":"Alexander left a garrison in Pelusium and ordered his ships to go up the river to Memphis  He marched by land to Heliopolis having the Nile on his right all the way  Wherever he went  all the cities opened their gates to him  He passed the desert of Egypt and came at last to Helsopolis  After crossing the river  he marched toward Memphis   Arrian         The Persians who were there did not hinder his coming when they saw the general defection of the Egyptians from them  When he was not far from Memphis  he was met by Astraces  who commanded the garrison for Darius  He gave Alexander   talents and all his master s wardrobe   Curt        c      However Curtius writes the name Astraces instead of Mazaces as he does in chapter   of the same book  Likewise  Arrian in the beginning of his third book  states that Mazaces a Persian whom Darius had made governor of Egypt received Alexander into that province and its cities in a very friendly way","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1825,"EventTxt":"Alexander offered his sacrifices at Memphis and there held games of wrestling and other activities and music  The most expert and skilful men of all Greece entered these games to try to win the prizes  He came down the river to the sea  He put his targeteers  archers and Agrians and the his troops aboard the ships of his confederates and they sailed to Canopus  There he picked a choice site for the city of Alexandria which was between the Egyptian Sea and Marea or Lake of Mareotis  He named the future city after himself   Arrian         In that part of it which lies next to the sea and the shipping docks  there was a street called Racotis   Strabo        p     Pansanius  in his Eliaca  p     Tacit  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1826,"EventTxt":"Alexandria was built not in the  th   as Eusebius in Chron and from him  Byril  of Alexandria        cont  Julianuni and Cedrehus state  but in the  th year of Alexander s reign and in the very first year of the    th Olympiad as Solinus has it in chapter   not as Diodorus in the  nd year and much less  as Eusebius in the  rd year   For the exact time when Alexandria was built we can determine precisely from the interval of time between the taking of Tyre and that great battle at Gaugamela and his deeds in that interim  From this and from the  th year of Darius and Thoth in  th year of Nabonasar s account which falls in with the  th day of September according to our Julian calendar or year    of the Olymp     th  Ptolemy of Alexandria  deduces the years of Alexander  whom in the Preface of his Procgeiroin Kanomoun  whereof this is one  he  after the fashion of all Alexandrians  calls Ktishn i e  his founder","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1827,"EventTxt":"Dinocrates was the man who designed and laid out streets of this city  whom Plutarch both in his life and also in the  nd book of the fortune of Alexander  calls Stesicrates and other books  call otherwise   Dinocrates was that famous architect whose skill and industry the Ephesians used in the rebuilding of their temple of Diana  For the excellency of his workmanship showed in the temple deserves the second place after the original builders of the temple  in the annals of the world   Strabo        p     Valer  Max     I e     Vitruvins  in the Proaeme of his second book  Pliny       c            c     Solin  c        Ammia  Marcell","YearBCAD":-332,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4382,"Dating":"3673a AM, 4382 JP, 332 BC"}
{"Index":1828,"EventTxt":"Alexander got them started and wanted them to work quickly  He journeyed to the temple of Jupiter Ammon   Plutarch in his Alexander  with Arrian         from an ambition which he had because he was told that Perseus and Hercules had been there  Callisthenes  in the history which he wrote of Alexander affirms this and is cited by Strabo         p","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1829,"EventTxt":"Therefore he went as far as Paraesonium along by the seaside  He found some fresh water by the way   miles from Alexandria according to Aristobulus   in Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1830,"EventTxt":"He was met about midway by the ambassadors from the Cyrenians  They presented him with a crown and other costly items  Among these were   horses that were trained for war and   chariots each drawn by   horses  These were the best horses that could be found  He accepted these gifts and made a league of friendship with them   Diod  Sic  Olymp       year","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1831,"EventTxt":"He went from Paraetonium to Mesogabas where the temple of Hammon was through dry countries  He wandered over the plains while the hot wind blew from the south  Callisthenes says that he was saved from death partly by a shower of rain that fell which settled the sand and partly by a flock of crows which led him on the way   Strabo       p      He adds further this fable to the story  Often when the men wandered out of the way in the dark  the crows with their cawing would call them back into the right way again   Strabo        p     Plut  in his Alex","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1832,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy the son of Lagus states that there were two dragons which went before the company making a noise and led them into and from the temple again  However Aristobulus  with whom most writers agree  states that there were two crows which still kept on flying before the army and that these were Alexander s guides on the way there   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1833,"EventTxt":"When he came to a lake of bitter waters  as they called them  he went about   miles from there  He passed by the cities called after Hammon s name  After a day s journey from there they came to Jupiter Hammon s grove and temple   Diod  Sic  Olymp     year","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1834,"EventTxt":"There the priests of the temple were secretly bribed before hand and instructed what to say  As soon as Alexander came to enter within the temple doors  they all came and greeted him by the name of Hammon s son   Justin         ca      So we learn by this event that the god although deaf and dumb had the power through the priests to lie as they wished  One who comes to consult the oracle could be told exactly what he wanted to hear   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1835,"EventTxt":"Callisthenes states that the priests permitted no one but Alexander to come into the temple in his ordinary dress  All the rest were required to change their clothes and to hear the oracle from the outside  The oracle told Alexander various things by signs and vague language  However  the oracle told Alexander plainly that he was Jupiter s son   Strabo       p      Yet Alexander in a letter to his mother Olympias  said that he had received many secret oracles there which he would tell to her alone when he returned   Plut  in Alex","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1836,"EventTxt":"At the same letter or in some other letter to his mother   which I am sure was meant by Tertullian in his book de Pallio  Alexander said that he was told by Leo  a principal priest among the Egyptians  that they who were now gods were formerly men  In worshipping them  the nations preserved the memory of their kings and ancestors   Aug  de Civit  Dei        c        and de Consen  Evangelist     I e     Minutius Felix  in Octavio  with Cyprian  in his book de Idosor  vanitate   In the beginning of his letter that he had written this to his mother  he opened with  vv Alexander the king  the son of Jupiter Hammon  sends greetings to his mother Olympias","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1837,"EventTxt":"She very wittily in her answer replied  vv Now my good son I pray thee be content and do not accuse me nor lay anything to my charge before Juno  For she will do me some shrewd turn  if you in your letters make me a step queen to her   M  Varro  in a book of his  entitled Orestes  vel de Insania  in Aul  Gellius       c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1838,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had received such an answer  it pleased him well as he by his own confession admits  He returned from there to Egypt by the same way as he went according to Aristobulus  Ptolemy says he went by a shorter way to Memphis   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1839,"EventTxt":"When he arrived at Memphis  Antipater had sent   Greek mercenaries under the command of Menaetas the son of Hegesandrus  About   cavalry from Thracia  were led by Asclepiodorus  At Memphis  Alexander sacrificed to Jupiter and made oblations to him with his whole army  They were all in their complete armour  They held games  activities  wrestlings  other events and music   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1840,"EventTxt":"He ordered the inhabitants of the neighbouring towns and cities to leave their dwellings  He moved them into Alexandria and populated that place with a huge number of inhabitants   Curt        c     and Justin       c        He also moved a colony of the Jews there whose virtue and good behaviour he much approved of and deemed them worthy of special trust  As a reward for their service in the war he made them free citizens and gave them equal honours and privileges with the Greeks  The group that was there went by the name Alexandrians and also by the name of Macedonians   Josep        de  Bello Jud  c     p     and       cont  Ap  p     in the Greek and Latin Edition","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1841,"EventTxt":"He also gave lands to Sanballat s soldiers  whom he ordered to follow him into Egypt into the country to Thebais  He entrusted them with the keeping of that territory in his absence   Josephus Antiq        c     s","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1842,"EventTxt":"Alexander had a burning desire to go and visit the inner and more remote parts of Egypt and Ethiopia  His present war with Darius forced him to delay such expeditions  He made Esehilus and Pencestes  the Macedonian governors of Egypt with a   man army  He ordered Polemon to defend the mouths of the Nile River with   ships   Curtius       c     Although  Arrian tells us that he made Pencestes the son of Macatetus and Balacrus the son of Amyntas  commanders of the foot soldiers whom he left there  He made Polemon the son of Theramenes  admiral of the fleet to defend the mouths of the Nile River with all the sea lying next to Egypt  For the civil government of the whole country  he committed its care to Doloaspes  a native of Egypt according to Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1843,"EventTxt":"Curtius further tells us that he left Apollonius to govern Africa that bordered on Egypt and Cleomenes to gather the tribute from both Africa and Egypt  To much the same end  Arrian tells us  that he left Apollonius the son of Charinus to govern Libya which bordered on the west of Egypt  He appointed Cleomenes to take care of Arabia on the east from the city called Urbs Heroum which borders on Arabia Petraea  He was ordered to receive all tribute  He committed the judicial administration to the presidents and justices of the country as it was done before  In the second book of Aristotle s Occonomicks Cleomenes of Alexandria is mentioned as governor of Egypt  He is the same person whom Arrian         of the History of Alexander  called Ecnaucratius  Freinshemius who is very good at finding errors  says that in the one it should be  of the Nauacritians or Naucratites and in the other  commander of Alexandria in Egypt  The result of this is that Cleomenes governor of Alexandria was a native of Naucratis which was an ancient colony made in Egypt by the Milesians  He was in charge of the administration and populating this city  We may partly gather from Aristotle who says that Alexander ordered him that he should populate a city near Pharos   Alexandria is only a mile by sea from there   He should redirect all the trade from Canopus to Alexandria  Justin         c      clearly states that Alexander committed the building of Alexandria to Cleomenes  It may be added that Alexander wrote to him   years later and ordered him to build two temples to the deceased Hephaestion  one in Alexandria and the other in Pharos  Also all bills of lading and other contracts of merchants should have the name of Hephaestion inscribed on them according to Arrian         Histor   He adds further that this Cleomenes was a most wicked man and one that did the Egyptians a thousand injustices","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1844,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was gone down the Nile  Hector  a son of Parmenions  who was in the flower of his youth and a great favourite of Alexander desired to catch up to him  He jumped into a little boat and others jumped in also  So much so that the overloaded boat sank and Hector drowned  The king was very grieved at the loss of him and when the body was recovered  he gave it a splendid funeral   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1845,"EventTxt":"Shortly after this  Alexander received news that Andromachus was burned alive by the inhabitants of Samaria  He immediately marched away as quickly as he could to exact vengeance of them for it   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673b AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1846,"EventTxt":"Alexander made bridges over the Nile and every point of it around Memphis at the beginning of spring  He went from there toward Phoenicia   Arrian        p      While he was on his way  those who had murdered Andromachus  were delivered into his hands and executed  He sent Memnon to replace Andromachus   Curt        c      When he captured the city of Samaria  he gave it to be inhabited by his Macedonians   Eusebius in his Chron  and from him Cedrenus derived it   However  the territory that belonged to it  he gave to the Jews for their loyalty to him  They did not pay him any tribute for it according to Josephus who gets it from Hecaraeus of Abdera         cont  Apion  p      The temple in the mount Gerisim was spared  If any at Jerusalem were in trouble for eating forbidden meats  breaching sabbath or such like crime  they immediately defected to the Sichemites and said that they were falsely accused   Josephus Antiq        c      Similar quarrels between the Jews and Samaritans did not only happen here but in Egypt at Alexandria because of the different customs and rites used in the two temples   Josep        c     andl     c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1847,"EventTxt":"When Alexander came to Tyre  he met his fleet which he had sent there ahead of him  He sacrificed a second time to Hercules and held games and exercises of wrestling and music and the like   Arrian         The kings of the Cyprus had the duty of providing suitable actors for them  Nicocreon  king of Salamis  sent Theslalus  a man very much favoured by Alexander  Pasicrates king of Solos sent Athenodorus  who took the prize from all by the majority decision   Plut  in Alex   These kings of Cyprus had long before defected from Darius to Alexander and sent him ships when he besieged Tyre  From that time on  he always honoured them as they deserved   Curt        c      Concerning Nicocreon it is said that Anaxarchus of Abdera the philosopher said to Alexander as he sat at supper  according to Laertius   in his Life   that there was also a certain Persian governor had been served there  For this saying of his  Alexander later had him put to a most miserable death","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1848,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Caeranus of Berthaea treasurer of Phoenicia to gather his tribute there  In Asia  he had Philoxenus do the same in the regions beyond the mountain of Taurus  He put Harpalus into their former job of being in charge of the money which was in his own treasury  He sent Menander  one of his confederates  into Lydia to be the governor  He put Clearchus into Menander s former job of overseeing the foreigners  He replaced Arimna by Asclepiodorus  the son of Eunicus to be governor of Syria   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1849,"EventTxt":"When these tasks were done  Alexander offered at Hercules  shrine a great vessel of gold with thirty dishes in it  Now he was anxious to get after Darius  so he marched forward toward the Euphrates River   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1850,"EventTxt":"When news came to Darius that wherever he went  Alexander would follow him  he ordered all countries no matter how far they were away  to come to him at Babylon  His army was now grown to about half the size it was at Issos in Cilicia  Many lacked weapons  which were provided for them   Curt        c      He is said to have     cavalry and     foot soldiers  At Issos  his forces in both kinds far exceeded these in number  It is certain that the number found in Justin         c     and in Orosius        c      is short of what it really was      or     foot soldiers and     cavalry  Plutarch  in Alex   says they were       and in his Apophthegmes          which is incorrectly printed  It should be        With this Diodorus agrees somewhat  He says there were     foot soldiers and     calvary  Arrian attributes to the foot soldiers only as much as Plutarch does to the sum of both of cavalry and the foot soldiers  That is a       and adding     cavalry to that number  Though some instead of   thousand  put there     cavalry so that the number of cavalry might be some what more proportional to the number of the foot soldiers  Also so that the number of cavalry might not here seem so far less of what it was at Issos  However  Curtius         c      says it was far in excess of it  In addition he had   iron chariots and   elephants which the Indians brought him  On the other side  Alexander s army had not more than   cavalry and     foot soldiers in it   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1851,"EventTxt":"Darius moved with this vast army from Babylon to Nineveh  He had the Tigris River on his left hand and Euphrates on his right  His army filled all that huge plain of Mesopotamia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Curt        c      When they had crossed the Tigris River  he heard that the enemy was not for off  He sent Satropaces  general of his cavalry with   choice men to hinder the approach of the enemy  He ordered him to burn and lay waste all the lands through which Alexander was to pass  Darius thought want of supplies might defeat Alexander since he had nothing else but the spoil of the country for supplies  Darius marched to Arabela and left his baggage there  He marched forward as far as the Lycus River where he made a bridge  When he and his army had crossed over it in   days  they marched   miles to the Bumelus River   Curt        c      Arrian says that he pitched his camp at Gaugamela by the Bumelus River  for so he calls the place         p      not as in        c      Bumadus  It was a level field for if there were any hilly or uneven ground there  Darius ordered it to be made level  This would allow his cavalry to a freer range to attack  Also the whole area would be more open to his view   Arrian        Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673c AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1852,"EventTxt":"Alexander advanced to Thapsacus  a large city in Syria  in the month Hecatombeon  when Aristophanes was archon at Athens  That is in year   of the    th Olympiad in the very beginning of that year  Here the Euphrates River had a ford where Alexander found   bridges already made  They were not completely finished nor quite reached to the other bank  Mazaeus was sent by Darius to secure that crossing  As soon as Mazaeus heard that Alexander was coming  he fled with all his army  When he was gone  Alexander quickly completed the bridges to the other side and his army crossed over and then marched toward Babylon  They left the Euphrates River and the mountains of Armenia on their left hand  They did not take the shortest route there  The longer route was more suitable for provisions for his army and was cooler and more comfortable for the march  On the way  he intercepted some scouts from Darius  They informed him that Darius with all his army was on the bank of the Tigris River to prevent him from crossing there  His forces were now far more numerous than when he fought with Alexander in Cilicia  When Alexander went there  he did not find Darius or anyone else   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1853,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Alexander crossed the Tigris River  Although there was no one there to hinder him  it was difficult and dangerous to cross  The river ran quite swiftly there  However  he crossed safely and lost nothing except a small quantity of his baggage   Arian        Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Curt        c      From Thaphacus where they crossed over the Euphrates to the place where he crossed the Tigris  Eratosthenes  calculates to be   stadia or   miles   Strabo        p     and       p","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1854,"EventTxt":"Alexander broke camp from the bank of Tigris and led his army through the country of Assyria  On his left hand were the mountains of Sogdiana and on the right  the Tigris River  The  th day after crossing the Tigris  Mazaeus attacked him with   cavalry  Alexander sent Aristo  who commanded the cavalry of Paeonia to counter the attack  Aristo singled out Satropaces  the commander of that troop and ran a spear through his throat  Although wounded  he fled away and Aristo chased him through the middle of the enemies  troops  He knocked him off his horse and decapitated him  Aristo brought his head and threw it down at Alexander s feet  He said  vv Sir  in our country  such a present used to be rewarded with a cup of gold","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1855,"EventTxt":"Alexander smiled and replied  vv Yea  with an empty one  but I will give thee one full of wine   Arrian        Curt        c     Plutarch in Alexander","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1856,"EventTxt":"Alexander camped there   days and ordered to move the next day  That night there was an eclipse of the moon in the first watch of the night  At first the moon was dimmed  Soon after the entire face of it turned a blood like colour  The whole army  considering the upcoming battle  were first troubled and later terrified at this sight   Curt        c         Pliny correctly noted that  vv The moon was eclipsed at Arbela  in the  nd hour of the night  and was then seen rising in Sicily   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1857,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy in his Geography         c      is incorrect where he states that  vv The moon eclipsed in the  th hour of the night and was seen at Carthage at the  nd hour of the night","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1858,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  in Alexan   correctly states that the eclipse happened in the month Boedromion  about the beginning of the Great Mysteries at Athens  That is in the full moon at the very middle of that month  At this time of the month the Great Mysteries started and were celebrated for a few days after this  The astronomical account shows that the eclipse happened on the  th day of our September","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1859,"EventTxt":"To encourage his soldiers who were distressed at this sight  he consulted with the Egyptian soothsayers he had with him  Their answer was that the sun represented Greece and the moon  Persia  Therefore as often as the moon was eclipsed  it portended the ruin to those nations which she represented   Curt         c      Alexander presently offered sacrifices to the sun  moon and the earth because all three must be in correct position for an eclipse of the moon  Aristander  who was Alexander s soothsayer  declared publicly that the eclipse portended all good and happy success to Alexander and the Macedonians  Therefore  the battle should be fought in that very month and that the sacrifices that were offered did predict a victory for Alexander   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1860,"EventTxt":"When Alexander knew the soldiers were now very confident of victory  he ordered them to march on the second watch of the next night  They had the Tigris on the right hand and the Gordiaean mountains on the left  The next morning  Alexander with a small troop attacked   Persian scouts  Some they slew and the rest he took prisoners  He then sent some of his own company on to discover what was ahead  He also wanted them to put out the fires in the towns and villages that the inhabitants had set on fire  When they fled from the enemy  they set fire to the barns and stacks of grain  Although the tops were burned  the fire had not consumed the pile  Hence the Macedonians saved a large quantity of food for themselves  Mazeus  who before had burned what he pleased  now fled before the rapidly approaching enemies leaving much untouched   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1861,"EventTxt":"Alexander knew that Darius was not more than   miles away  Since he had plenty of provisions for his troops  he stayed there for   days   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3673,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3673d AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1862,"EventTxt":"During this time Alexander intercepted certain letters sent from Darius in which he tried to incite the Greeks to murder or otherwise to betray Alexander   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1863,"EventTxt":"Statira the wife of Darius was weary of this long trip and vexed in her mind  aborted the child she was carrying and died  Alexander was deeply grieved by this and prepared a very elaborate and costly funeral for her   Curt        c     Justin        c     Plutarch in Alex  and       de fortu  Alex","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1864,"EventTxt":"While others were busy with the funeral  Tirus or Tyriotes an eunuch  stole away and carried the news of her death to Darius  At first he was infinitely perplexed and troubled at it  However  when he understood Alexander s respect he always had for her and his chaste behaviour towards her  he lifted up his hands to heaven and prayed to the gods  He asked that if it were decreed and there was no remedy left for him  he wished that none might sit on the throne of Cyrus but so just an enemy  so merciful a conqueror  as Alexander   Curt        c     Plutarch in Alex","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1865,"EventTxt":"Darius was so overcome with Alexander s great clemency and chastity toward his wife that he again tried to make peace with Alexander  He sent   of his most principal men to offer Alexander new conditions  He sent     talents for the ransom of his mother and two daughters  He also offered Alexander his other daughter Septina or Statipna or Sartina or Statyra  various editions of Curtius use all these variations  for a wife   Curt        c      Whatever lay between the Hellespont and the Euphrates he would give as a dowry  Alexander replied that had always found the money of Darius soliciting sometimes his soldiers to revolt from him or sometimes his nearest friends to murder him  Therefore he was resolved to pursue him to the death  not any longer as a noble enemy but as a malefactor and a poisoning murderer  Whatever Darius had already lost or yet remained in his hands was the reward of war  Further  war would set the bounds between their two kingdoms and each would have what tomorrow s fortune would give   Curt        c     Justin       c     Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1866,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors returned and told Darius that he must fight  Therefore  he presently sent Mazaeus ahead of him with   cavalry to hold the passes where the enemy was to come  With the rest  he marched in good battle array     miles and there made a stand  He expected the enemy to attack him there  Alexander left all his luggage within his camp and set a reasonable guard to keep it  He advanced to meet the enemy   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1867,"EventTxt":"At that very instant  a sudden panic gripped his army  The sky  for it was the summer season  seemed to sparkle and shine out like fire  They imagined that they saw flames of fire issuing from Darius  camp  By sound of trumpet  Alexander signified to them that all was well  He ordered the Antesignary  i e  those that stood next to the standard  in every company to put down their weapons at their feet  They should pass the word to those that followed to do likewise  When this was done  Alexander showed them there was no cause of fear and that the enemy was yet far off  Finally they recovered their courage and took up their weapons again  For more safety  Alexander decided to make his stand and to fortify his camp   Curt        c     Polya  Stratag","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1868,"EventTxt":"Alexander drew out all his forces by night and marched about the second watch and planned to fight as soon as it was day   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1869,"EventTxt":"Mazeus had taken up his stand with a choice company of cavalry on the rise of a hill to better view the enemy  The next day he left the place and returned to Darius  No sooner was he gone then the Macedonians captured it  They wanted the advantage of high ground and also a good vantage point to view the enemy forces in the plain   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1870,"EventTxt":"Alexander commanded his mercenaries from Paeonia to march in front  He drew his phalanx of Macedonians into two wings  both flanked with cavalry   Curt        c      The camps were about     miles apart  The army of Alexander came to some hills from where they might view the enemy  When he consulted his captains whether the main battle should be fought closer to the enemy or they should make a stand right there until he had better viewed the ground where they were to fight  Most were favoured the former but Parmenion favoured the latter which Alexander agreed with   Arrian         Therefore they resolved to camp on one of those hills  He immediately ordered the troops to build a camp there  This was quickly done  He went into his own pavilion and from there viewed the army of the enemy beneath him in the plain   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1871,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile the horse boys and other rag tag that followed the camp started fighting among themselves for fun  They called the captain of the one side Alexander and the captain of the other  Darius  When Alexander heard this  he had the rest stop fighting and had the two captains fight between themselves  Alexander helped captain Alexander on with his own armour and Philotas gave captain Darius  armour  All the army watched while these two fought  They thought it foreshadowed the outcome of the battle  It happened that he who played Alexander defeated the one who played Darius  He was given a reward    townships and the honour of wearing a Persian garment that was given to him   Eratosthenes  in Plut  in his Alexan","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1872,"EventTxt":"Alexander s friends now came to him and complained that the soldiers were planning among themselves in their tents to take all the spoil for themselves and to put nothing into his treasury  At this Alexander smiled and said  vv This is very good news  my friends that you bring me for I see by this they mean to fight and not to flee","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1873,"EventTxt":"Many of the common soldiers came to him to encourage him and not be afraid of the number of his enemies  They would not be able to endure the very first noise or shout of them  In this place does Ndassf does not signify  the smell of them  or of their arm pits  as Xylander translates it  Plut  in his Apophthemes","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1874,"EventTxt":"The    th night after the eclipse of the moon  the two armies lay within sight of each other  Darius kept his men in their arms all night and reviewed them all by torch light  So that all the plain lying between the mountain Niphat and the Goriaeans hills shone with torches  While his army was sleeping  Alexander was up with his soothsayer Aristander before his pavilion engaged in certain arcane and secret rites and ceremonies and offered sacrifice to Apollo   Plut  in Alexan   Curtius states  vv Aristander in a white robe  carrying bunches of vervain in his hand and his head covered  mumbled certain prayers which the king was to say after him to propitiate Jupiter  Minerva  and Victoria","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1875,"EventTxt":"Parmenion and his other friends advised him to attack Darius in the dead of night and thereby conceal from his soldiers the terror of the fight since he was so heavily out numbered  He replied that he did not come there to steal a victory   Plut  Curt  Arrian   On the contrary  Darius feared least he be attacked in the night  He knew his camp was no better fortified than it should be  Therefore he kept his men up all night in arms  Lack of sleep was the main reason his men lost the battle the next day   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1876,"EventTxt":"Alexander was troubled in his mind with what might happen the next day and did not sleep at all that night until toward the morning  Then he fell into so deep a sleep that when it was fully day they could not wake him  When his friends asked him what made him sleep so soundly  he answered thus  It was Darius  who by gathering all his forces into one place  had eased him of thinking how to follow him into various other countries   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin        c     Curt        c       Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1877,"EventTxt":"Justin says         c      this battle was fought by Alexander  in the  th year of his reign in the very end of it and in the beginning of the  th  Although Jerome commenting on Da     disagrees and states that he overcame and slew Darius in the  th year of his reign  Arrian says this battle was fought when Aristophanes was archon at Athens in the month Pyanephion  The prophecy of Aristander was fulfilled when he said that in that very month when the moon was eclipsed  Alexander should fight and defeat Darius   Arrian        p      Both Arrian and Diodorus state that the battle was fought in the year when Aristophanes was archon at Athens  Dionysius Halycarnass places the battle in the following year when Aristophontes was archon at Athens by simple mistake in the name in his Epistle to Ammaeus   Aristander was correct when he foretold that Alexander should gain that great victory over Darius in that very month  However Arrian  mistakes one month for another and says that it was in the month Pyanepsion  However the astronomical calculations show that eclipse was in the month Boedromion  On the  th day after the eclipse Alexander had that battle   as Plutarch affirms in Alexander  In his Camillus Plutarch says  that he got that victory on the  th day of the last quarter of Boedromion which is the  th day of Boedromion  This month had   days and corresponds to October","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1878,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Lagus and Aristobulus who were both in the battle testify that this battle was fought at Gaugmela near the Beumelus River  Strabo         p       Plutarch  in Alex  in some copies  as also in Zonaras  is written as Gausamela   Arrian         p      and Ammina  Maycellinus          agree with this  Gaugamela was only a small country village  The sound of the name is harsh on the ear  According to Strabo and Plutarch  it means the house of a camel  or rather  the body of a camel  for so that word armgAwn means in the Chaldee and Syriac language  Therefore  according to Arrian it came to pass that this glorious victory is said to have been won at Arbela  It was a large and a famous city in those parts  Likewise Strabo says that because the other was a correct location and Arbela a famous city   This is mentioned in Ho      See note on   AM  Therefore the Macedonians in their writings  first wrote this and then other historians took it from them and said that the battle was fought and victory won at Arbela  Neither of these places were very near each other  There were about   miles between the Bumelus River where Gaugamela was and the Lycus River where Arbela stood   Curt        c      Between     Lycus and the country of Ardria  or Atyria   which was the old name by which Assyria was called as Diodorus in the life of Trajan shows     The borders of the region of Babylon   in which Nineveh and Gaugamela both were located     The Capros River","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1879,"EventTxt":"in an equal distance from each point  was located Arbela and the hill Nicatorium  called by Alexander after this victory near it   Strabo in the beginning of his  th book shows this  Hence it appears that Arbela  in Ptolemy s  th table or Map of Asia  should be located where Gaugamela is  Both places are located in the same place according to him  These cities were not on this side but on the further side of the Lycus River  This disagrees with Strabo  Eratosthenes  report   as written by Strabo        p       Curtius and Arrian  When all of these are diligently compared together  we may gather  that Gaugamela and Arbela were not   to   miles from each other  as some have reported and as Arrian notes       p                p      but a little more than   miles apart","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1880,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus reports that when the fight was over there was found a description of Darius  battle plans as we find in  Arrian        p      Curtius         c         details the battle plans for both armies","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1881,"EventTxt":"Darius left his chariots and threw away his weapons and mounted his mare that just had a new foal  He fled as fast as she could carry him  Plut  in Alex   just as he did at the battle at Issos  as I showed before from Elian  He tells us in the same place that for this very purpose Darius always had mares that had recently foaled with him in the battle field  So with very few in his company  he came to the Lycus River  When he crossed it some advised him to destroy the bridge after him to hinder the pursuit of the enemy  When he considered how many there were behind him who were yet to cross  he replied that he had rather leave a way for a pursuing enemy than take one from a fleeing friend   Curt        c        Justin        c      In Justin s work we find Cydnus instead of Lycus printed  In the note on   AM  we showed that the Cydnus River ran through the middle of the city Tarsus in Cilicia  From there Orosius who followed Justin very closely made the mistake of saying that this last great battle between Alexander and Darius was fought at Tarsus         c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1882,"EventTxt":"When Mazeus pressed hard on the squadron of the Macedonians  Parmenion sent to Alexander who had chased the enemy as far as the Lycus River  He wanted Alexander to come and help them  However  when Mazeus heard that Darius had left the battle  he fled also  He did not go the shortest way to Babylon but went around over the Tigris River  This was a longer but safer route  He brought what was left of his army safely to Babylon   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1883,"EventTxt":"About midnight  Darius came to Arbela  Many of his nobles and other soldiers resorted there too  He called them together and said that his purpose was to leave all for the present to Alexander  He would flee to the utmost borders of his kingdom and there begin the war afresh on Alexander   Curt        c      Presently he went on horseback and fled over the mountains of Armenia into Media  With him were a few of his kindred and his guard  The guard was called Melophori  i e  apple bearers because they each bore a golden apple on the point of his spear  Later    mercenaries under the command of Paron of Phocaea in Ionia and Glaucus of Aloe joined him   Arran","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1884,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was returning from the Lycus River  he had his fiercest battle yet with the Parthian  Indian and some elite Persian cavalry  In the encounter  he lost   men plus his captains Hephaestion  Caenus  and Menidas  Alexander was severely wounded but recovered   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1885,"EventTxt":"In the main battle  Alexander lost at most   foot soldiers but   cavalry of which half were his confederates  On the other side      were slain and a much larger number taken prisoner  He captured all the elephants and as many of the chariots that were not broken in the battle   Arrian         However Diodorus states that     Persian s cavalry and foot soldiers died  On the Macedonian side    were missing and a large number were wounded  Curtius","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":4,"EventTxt":"c  ult   says that     Persians and less than   Macedonians died  The total killed in the three battles  this  Issos and at Granicum  Orosius        c     over the last   years plus   or four months is given as follows  vv In such a multitude of calamities  it is a thing incredible  that in three battles fought within three years time there should be slain     cavalry and foot soldiers  These were from a kingdom and those nations from which a few years earlier had slain     men In addition to those   battles in those three years  a number of cities in Asia had been destroyed with their inhabitants  All Syria was laid waste  Tyre was destroyed and all Cilicia depopulated  Cappadocia was subdued and Egypt and Rhodes sold into slavery  Many provinces bordering on the mount Taurus were brought into subjection  Mount Taurus was forced to receive the yoke which it had so long striven to avoid","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1886,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had rested his cavalry that were with him  he set out at midnight toward Arbela  He understood that Darius had stored there all his money and royal provisions which Alexander purposed to capture with a surprise attack  The next day he came to Arbela  He did not find Darius but all his treasure  his shield and his bow   Arrian         Diodorus says that he found there   talents  Curtius said    All the wealth of the whole army had been stored in that place         c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1887,"EventTxt":"With this battle the empire of Persia seemed to have been ended  Alexander was proclaimed king of Asia and thereupon offered magnificent sacrifices to his gods and distributed among his captains houses  territories and provinces at his pleasure   Plut  in Alexander","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1888,"EventTxt":"Because he knew the air would be infected with the stench of the dead carcases  he hurried to get away from Arbela   Diod  Sic  in the beginning of his second part        Curt        c      After   days he came to a city called Mennis where there is a fountain which issued sulphur or liquid brimstone   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1889,"EventTxt":"As Alexander came toward Babylon  Mazeus  who had fled there from the battle  humbly met him with his children that were of age  He surrendered himself and them with the city of Babylon  into his hands  Alexander received him and his children very graciously  Babophanes  who had the keeping of the citadel there with the king s treasure did not want to be out done by Mazaeus  He covered all the way where Alexander was to pass with flowers and garlands  On each side of the path he had silver altars  burning frankincense and all sorts of sweet odours  Alexander was guarded with armed men  He commanded all the men of Babylon that came to meet him follow behind him after the last of his foot soldiers  Alexander in his chariot made his entrance into the city and went up to the king s palace  The next day he viewed the king s treasure   Curt        c     Justin       c      He stayed   days and refreshed and rewarded his soldiers  According to the better copies have it and Orosius agrees with this as does Curtius         c      His army spent the same number of days there in relaxation  Diod  Sic   year    Olymp      confirms that they stayed there longer than   days  They like the spaciousness of the city and the entertainment which they were given by the residents","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1890,"EventTxt":"Among those who entertained Alexander in this city were the Chaldeans  They talked with him concerning the course and motions of the stars and sudden change of events   Curt        c      The Chaldeans gave Callisthenes one of Alexander s followers  the observations of the heavenly bodies for   years of time  He gave them to Aristotle in Greece  This I mentioned in note on   AM < >  This information came from Porphyrie","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1891,"EventTxt":"Alexander consulted with the Chaldeans  He followed their advice and sacrificed to Belus  He did whatever they asked of him concerning temple repairs  Alexander commanded the Babylonians to repair the temples which Xerxes had previously demolished and in particular  the temple of Belus  that was located in the heart of the city  He ordered that all the rubbish be immediately carried out of the temple   Arrian        p             p      This work was so great that it took     men two months to clear the place where the temple stood   Strabo        p      When Alexander commanded all his army to help to carry away the rubbish  only the Jews refused to help in that work  Hecataeus of Abdera  who was then with Alexander  stated that they endured many a blow and many other grievous inconveniences  When Alexander heard their reasons for refusing  he exempted them from the task   Josephus cont  Apion        p","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1892,"EventTxt":"Alexander marvelled most at that hole in the earth in Ecbatana or rather in Batana  as other copies have it   Batana  which is a city placed by Stephanus Byzantinus near the Euphrates and not Ecbatana  the city of Media is meant here   Flames of fire continually shot forth as from a fountain and an active spring of Naphta shot out fire not far from that hole  Plutarch   in his life  describes these effects in more detail","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1893,"EventTxt":"Alexander  ordered Bagophanes  who had surrendered the citadel of Babylon  to follow him  He committed the keeping of the citadel to Agathon  from the town of Pydna along with   Macedonians and   mercenaries  He made Mazaeus  who surrendered the city to him  governor of all the province of Babylon  He appointed Apollodorus from Amphipolis and Menetes from Pella in Macedonia  to be commanders of that militia in Babylon and all the other countries west as far as Cilicia  For that purpose he left with them    soldiers with   talents of silver to hire mercenaries  He appointed Asclepiodortus  the son of Philotas  to collect his tribute in those parts  He sent Mithrines  who surrendered the city Sardis to him  to be governor in Armenia   Diodor  Arria  Curtius","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1894,"EventTxt":"From the money which he found in Babylon  he gave to every Macedonian cavalry man    pounds  to every foreign cavalry man   pounds  to every Macedonian foot soldier    pounds and to every foreign foot soldier   month s pay   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp        An Attic ounce or pound contained   drachmas  Curtius confounded this with the Roman denarius and said that he gave to every Macedonian cavalry man   denarii and to every foreign cavalry man   and to every foot soldier     Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1895,"EventTxt":"Alexander was on his way from Babylon when Amyntas the son of Andromenes  came to him with a number of men sent to him by Antipater the governor of Macedon  From Macedon came   cavalry and   foot soldiers  from Thrace    cavalry and   foot soldiers  from Peloponesus    foot soldiers and   cavalry  This is according to Curtius but Diodorus has a little less than   cavalry  With them went the sons of   of the principal nobles of Macedon to be Alexander s body guards   Diod    Curt","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1896,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had received these troops  he continued on his journey  After marching   days  he came into a country called Sitacine  but Curtius calls it Satrapene  This country abounded with provisions and he stayed there many days  He held contests to test every man s prowess and dexterity in the feats of chivalry  He gave the   best men command of   troops  He then divided his whole army into so many brigades  Before this  they were organised into companies of   and their captains were not chosen by contests of skills  Before  the cavalry of every nation served together apart from other nations  Now he made no difference based on nationality  He appointed as commanders  those who were most skilled in the war no matter what country they were from  He reformed the martial discipline of his army in many points  As a result  all the troops liked him better than ever and were more ready to serve him  He continued his journey   Diod    Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1897,"EventTxt":"As Alexander approached Susa  he was met by the son of the governor of Susa  with letters from Philoxenus  Alexander had sent him away immediately after the battle at Arbela to Susa  The letters said that the inhabitants of Susa had surrendered their city and all the treasure there was kept safely for him   Arrian         The son of Abulites  the governor of the city  told him the same message  He did this either voluntarily or according to some  by the orders of Darius so Alexander would be detained there longer  This would give Darius more time to raise a new army against Alexander   Diod  and Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1898,"EventTxt":"The king entertained the young man with much grace and favour  He used him for his guide to the Idaspes or Choaspes River  This river is a narrow and violent stream  Abulites met Alexander and gave him costly gifts which included some dromedaries which are camels that run very fast and   elephants which Darius had sent for from India   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1899,"EventTxt":"The day after he left Babylon  he came to Susa  After he entered the city  he received     talents of silver with all of the king s wardrobe and other belongings   Arrian         Curtius states he received much more silver in bars  Diodorus calculates upward to     talents of silver and gold in bars and ingots and   talents minted into darics  Plutarch mentions     talents in coins and   talents worth of Hermionic scarlet  This had been stored there   years earlier and looked as fresh as it did the first day it was put there","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1900,"EventTxt":"Alexander offered sacrifice according to the Macedonian manner by torch light and held gymnastic sports and exercises   Arrian   He sat down on the royal throne of Persia which was far higher than for the size of his body to sit on  His feet could not reach to the step by which he mounted the throne  One of the pages took the table that Darius used to eat his meals from and put it under him for a footstool  When Philotas saw this  he persuaded Alexander to take it as a sign of good luck   Diod    Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1901,"EventTxt":"The robes and other purple clothes which were sent to Alexander from Macedon with those which made them  he sent to Darius  mother Sysigambes  whom he highly respected and honoured as a son should do to his mother  With the gift he added the message that if she liked those clothes  she would do well to let her young nieces learn to make them  When he knew that she was quite troubled  he personally went to her and excused himself for his ignorance of the Persian manners and comforted her again   Curt        c      So he left her and Darius  two young daughters and his little son Ochus at Susa  He left some to instruct her and them in the Macedonian language   Diod","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1902,"EventTxt":"He continued on to the farthest borders of Persia and left Archelaus with a garrison of  oldiers to keep the city  He appointed Xenophilus to hold the citadel and Callicrates to gather his tributes  He committed the civil government of the province of Susa to Abulites  who had surrendered the city to him   Curt        c      He sent back Menetes to the sea coast and made him governor of Phoenicia  Syria and Cilicia   Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1903,"EventTxt":"After a   day march  Alexander came to the Pasitigris River and crossed it with   foot soldiers and   or   cavalry  He went into the country of the Uxians which bordered on the province of Susa  It extended into the main part of Persia between which there is a narrow pass  Madates  the governor of this country  had married Sysigambes  niece","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1904,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave Tauron   mercenaries and   Agrians and ordered him to march as soon as it was dark  He was to follow his guides in the secret passes that they would show him  He was to advance as far as to the city which Alexander planned to besiege  Alexander took with him the captains of his troops  his targeteers and some   other soldiers  They marched in the third watch of the same night and by day break came to those passes  which opened into the Uxian s country  When he had gone through them  he came and besieged the city  When the Uxians saw they were besieged on all sides  they sent from the citadel there   men to ask for his pardon but he would not give it  Finally  when he received letters from Sysiagambes  he did not only pardon her kinsman  Madates but set at liberty all he had taken prisoner who had voluntarily submitted to him  He left the city untouched and all their land free from tribute   Curt        c      Arrian reports from Ptolemy Lagus  that through Sysigambes  request  he left them their lands to till but levied a yearly tribute on them of   horses    beasts of burden and   sheep  This whole account is related differently by Diodorus  Curtius and Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1905,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had subdued the country of the Uxians  he added it to the province of Susa  He divided all his forces between himself and Parmenion  He ordered that the luggage  the Thessalian cavalry  confederates  foreign mercenaries and the heavily armed soldiers to go with Parmenion through the plain country  He took the Macedonian foot soldiers and the cavalry of his confederates  He sent before them the light cavalry with the squadron of Agrians and archers to reconnoitre  They went by the way of the mountains which run all along in a ridge as far as Persia   Curt        c     Arrian","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1906,"EventTxt":"On the fifth day after this   according to Diodorus and Curtius  he came to the passes of Persia  called the Susian Pyles  or Gates  Diodorus states that Ariobarzanes  the Persian  held these with     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Arranius states that he had about   foot soldiers and   cavalry  He repulsed Alexander s attack and made him retreat about   miles from that pass  At last he captured a shepherd who was born of a Persian mother but begotten by a father born in Lycia  He guided Alexander through narrow and craggy bypaths and over certain snowy mountains  Alexander routed the enemy and took control of the pass  Ariobarzanes with some   cavalry and   foot soldiers broke through the army of the Macedonians  There was a great slaughter on both sides  Ariobarzanes hurried to get into Persepolis which was the capital city of that kingdom  He was unable to reach it and the enemy was at his very heels  Ariobarzanes attacked them and in the second battle his forces were cut to pieces by Alexander  This is more fully related in  Diodor  Curtius  Arria  Plutarch  and Polyanus        Stratag","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1907,"EventTxt":"As Alexander was marching toward Persepolis  he received letters from Tiridates  Darius  treasurer in that place  He told Alexander that when the inhabitants of Persepolis heard of his coming  they were ready to take the king s treasure and share it among themselves  He desired Alexander to come quickly to prevent this  Alexander left his foot soldiers to come later and travelled all night with his cavalry  Although they were already tired with so long a journey  they came by day break to the Araxes River  After they made a bridge  they crossed over it with his army   Diodor  and Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1908,"EventTxt":"When he came within a quarter mile of the city  about some    for so Diodorus  Justinus and Suidas  in the word Alexander  report  not   as Curtius  poor Greek slaves led by Euctemon of Cuma in Eolia  came out as humble suppliants to meet him  These were the ones whom the former kings of Persia had taken in the wars and made slaves  They were cruelly treated  Some had their feet  hands  ears or noses cut off  They were all branded in the face with letters or other marks  These besought him that as he had done in Greece so he would now promise to deliver them from the slavery of the Persian cruelty  Later  when he offered to send an escort with them into Greece  they desired of him rather to give them lands in that place  They feared that they would not prove a comfort but an abomination to their friends and kinsfolks at home  Alexander approved their request and gave each of them   drachmas   Curtius writes denarios instead of drachmas  He gave every man and women   suits of clothes    yoke of oxen    sheep and   bushels of wheat  They could now go to till and sow the land which Alexander had given them  Moreover  he exempted their land from paying any tribute and left some to protect them and to see that no man would harm them   Diod    Curtius        c     with Justin        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1909,"EventTxt":"The next day  he called all the commanders and captains of his army together  He told them that this city Persepolis  the metropolis of Persia  had always been against the Greeks  Therefore he was resolved to give all its plunder to the soldiers  except for the king s palace  After this there was a huge slaughter of the prisoners whom they had taken  This he avowed as his own act in writing since he thought it to be for his honour that he commanded them as enemies to be so butchered  Plutarch said that he found as much treasure there as at Susa  Diodorus writes that when he came into the citadel  he found     talents  calculating the value of the gold by the rate of the silver  Curtius agrees   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1910,"EventTxt":"When Alexander first sat down on the royal throne under a golden canopy in Persepolis  Demaratus the Corinthian and an old friend of his and his father is reported to have fallen like an old man  weeping  He said that those Greeks missed a great event who died before that day and had not lived to see Alexander sitting on Darius  throne   Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1911,"EventTxt":"Alexander committed the keeping of the citadel of Persepolis to Nicarthides with a garrison of   Macedonians  Tiridates  who delivered the treasure to Alexander held the same position which he had under Darius  He left there a great part of his army and baggage and committed the keeping of the city to Parmenion and Craterus  Alexander with a   cavalry and lightly armed foot soldiers went to visit the inner parts of Persia when the constellation Pleiades arose   beginning of the fall  Although he was plagued with storms and other tempestuous weather on the way  he came to a place all covered with snow and frozen over with ice  When he saw that his soldiers did not want to go any farther  he leaped off his horse and went by foot over the ice and snow  When the country people  who lived in scattered cretes and cabins saw the enemy troops  they started killing their children and others who were not able to go with them  They all fled to the wild woods and mountains covered with snow  However  some of them were convinced to talk with Alexander  They were not afraid and submitted to him  Alexander did not allow any of his troops to harm them   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-331,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4383,"Dating":"3674a AM, 4383 JP, 331 BC"}
{"Index":1912,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had laid waste to all the country of Persia and taken its various towns  he came into the country of the Mardi  This was a warlike nation and of much different behaviour from the Persians  After Alexander had subdued them  he returned to Persepolis on the  th day after he set out from there  He bestowed rewards on his captains and others  every man according to his deeds  He gave away almost everything he had gotten there   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1913,"EventTxt":"This journey was taken  as I said before  about the time of the rising of the seven stars  Only Curtius notes this  Plutarch states that because the winter was now approaching he planned to give his army some rest  Therefore  he spent   months in Persia  Pliny        c      tells us that the Athenians began their winter upon the Ides of November when the seven stars set  However the amount of time from the time of the battle at Gaugamela  shows that Alexander could not come to Persepolis before our December  Others also cast a doubt concerning the Mardi expedition  Curtius tells us that he did not subdue them until after the death of Darius   Curt        c      This may be true unless we distinguish the Mardi of Persia  Herod     I e      Nearchus in Strabo         p       Arrian  in his Indica  p      from the Mardi who bordered on Hircania  Neither do other writers agree with Curtius where he says  vv He gave away almost all that he got at Persopolis","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1914,"EventTxt":"For he speaks expressly of that and not of what he got at Pasargadis   as we showed before in the note   AM  from Jacobus Capellus  He well agrees with that which he wrote in the very end of the next precedent chapter       where he says that Alexander commanded horses and camels to be sent for from Babylon and Susa to carry those     talents which he found in this city  This we may compare with Strabo         p      where he says  vv He carried all the money of Persia from Susa  which was full of treasure and rich goods  It is known for certain that whatever he got in Babylon and in Darius  camp never was included in this total  In Persia and Susa he found     talents  some say     talents","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1915,"EventTxt":"Diodorus Siculus states  vv When he was forced to lay out much of the money he had found there to pay for the war  he planned to send part of it to Susa to be stored in a bank there  He had to get a multitude of draught horses  carriages and   camels with pack saddles from Babylon and from Mesopotamia to carry his treasure to its destined places","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1916,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  in Alexan   states  vv His money and wealth he took from there needed     yoke of mules and   camels to carry it away","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1917,"EventTxt":"After Darius had stayed a while at Ecbatan in Media  he gathered together those who were left of after the defeat and replaced the weapons they had lost in the battle  He also sent letters to the governors in Bactria and other countries to remain loyal to him   Diod  Sic         nd part  His purpose was that if Alexander stayed about Susa and Babylon  he would stay in Media to see whether they who were around him might unite in a new battle against Alexander  However  if he found that Alexander planned to pursue him  then he would retire to Parthia and Hircania  or even into Bactria  By laying waste all the countries as he went  he would leave Alexander no possibility of following him for lack of forage  Therefore he sent away before him all the women and other baggage and carriages to the Caspian Gates  or passes  He stayed at Ecatane with a small force to see how things would unfold   Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674b AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1918,"EventTxt":"Alexander made a feast celebrating his previous victories and offered magnificent sacrifices to his gods  He feasted his nobles with a most sumptuous banquet and with a number of whores and curtisans  each with her ruffian  Among these there was an Athenian called Thais who was a sweet heart to Ptolemy the son of Lagus  Alexander was as drunk as she was  He commanded all Persepolis  both city and citadel  to be burnt to the ground and caroling and instruments of music should play all the while  This was against the advice of Parmenion  if Alexander would have listened  It is true that after he slept on it  it grieved him greatly for what he had done  He said  vv The Greeks could not have been more revenged by the Persians  if they had been forced to have seen him sitting in Xerxes  throne   Curt        c     Diod  Plut  Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1919,"EventTxt":"The next day  he gave   talents to that shepherd of Lycia who had guided and showed him the way into Persia   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1920,"EventTxt":"After this  Alexander took Pasargada  It was a city built by Cyrus and was surrendered to him by its governor  Gobares  He gave Alexander   talents   Curt        c      Alexander visited the sepulchre of Cyrus according to Strabo s account from Aristobulus who was present at that time   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1921,"EventTxt":"Then he took the rest of the cities of Persia  some by force  others voluntarily surrendered   Diod   This seems to have been when the seven stars rose in the morning sky  From this time  the ancients reckoned the beginning of summer  not at the morning setting of them and beginning of winter when according to Curtius  Alexander took his journey into the heart of Persia","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1922,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Phrasaortes the son of Rheomithris  governor of Persia  Arrian         and then went into Media  He got reinforcements from Cilicia  The   foot soldiers and   cavalry where under the command of Plato  an Athenian  After this he advanced to find Darius   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1923,"EventTxt":"Darius had planned to leave Ecbatane and flee into Bactria  Since he feared lest Alexander would overtake him on the way  he changed his plans  At that time  Alexander was about   miles away  No distance seemed great enough to prevent Alexander from catching up to him  Therefore Darius resolved that instead of fleeing  to try his fortune in another battle  He had     men about him  of which   were Greeks under the command of Patran  All these men were loyal to Darius  In addition he had   archers and slingers  He had   cavalry consisting for the most part from Bactria under the command of Bessus the governor of Bactria   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1924,"EventTxt":"Diodorus states that there were     Persians and Greek mercenaries  Arrian states there were only   cavalry and   foot soldiers  He also says that Darius carried with him out of Media no more than   talents  However  Strabo        p      says that when Darius fled out of Media  he took   talents  Those who murdered Darius rifled and shared the money among themselves  Diodorus   year    Olymp        says  that when Alexander pursued Darius he had the same number of talents with him  Atheneus        p     of the Greek and Latin Edition   states from Chartetes his history of Alexander  that the custom of the Persian kings was  wherever they went  to have over the king s bedchamber  a garret with five chests in it  In these were kept   talents of gold and they were called the king s pillows  At the back stairs in another room  were always kept   talents in three chests and that was called the king s bench to sit on","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1925,"EventTxt":"Bessus  the governor of Bactria and Nabarzanes the commander of   cavalry both who had followed Darius in his flight  commanded their soldiers to seize Darius and to bind him  They resolved that if Alexander overtook them  they would purchase their freedom by delivering Darius bound into Alexander s hands  However  if they could escape from Alexander  they would renew the war against Alexander in their own names   Curt        c           Arrian        p            Justin        c      states that this happened in a town in Parthia called Thara or rather  Dara  It was so called later by Arsaces  the first king of Parthia  in remembrance of this villany against Darius  He adds from Trogus that this was done by a kind of fate that the Persian empire should end in the land of those who were preordained to succeed the Persians in the empire","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1926,"EventTxt":"The king s treasure and baggage was rifled  as if it had all been enemies  goods  Bessus and Nabarzanes with Braza  or Barzaentes  the governor of the Arachoti and Drangian took Darius  They carried him away prisoner in a cart  To show some respect  they placed golden chains on him  To escape detection  they covered the cart with a lowly dirty covering made of skins and had strangers drive it  If any man should ask  they could not tell who was in it  Those who were his jailors followed from a distance  The Persians were won over by Bessus  generous promises and since there was no one else left to whom they might unite with  they joined with the Bactrians  Bessus was made general in the place of Darius by the Bactrian cavalry and the other nations who had accompanied Darius in his flight  Artabazus and his sons with those which he commanded and the Greeks under Patron  did not go with Bessus  They left the road way and went up the mountains and marched away to Parthiene   Curt        c     Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1927,"EventTxt":"Alexander changed his course for Media and attacked the Paritacae  and subdued their country  He made Oxoathres the son of Abuletus governor over them   Arrian  p","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1928,"EventTxt":"Tabas was a town in the remotest border of Paritocene  Alexander was told by some who had abandoned Darius and fled to Alexander that Darius had quickly gone into Bactria   Curt        c      When he was within   days journey of Ecbatane  he was more accurately told by Baistanes the son of Ochus who reigned in Persia before Darius that Darius had fled from Ecbatane   days earlier   Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1929,"EventTxt":"When Alexander came to Ecbatane  the Thessalian and others of the confederate cavalry refused to accompany him any further  He dismissed them to return into their own countries  When they left he gave them over and above their regular pay    talents to be shared among them   Arrian        Plut  in Alexan   However  Diodorus and Curtius  refer to this event as happening after the death of Darius and in a general way without any special mention of the Thessalian troops  They say that he gave to everyone that served in the cavalry a talent  or   deneers  as Curtius        c      expresses it  Everywhere he calls a drachma  a deneere  Diodorus adds that he gave to every foot soldier ten minas i e    drachmas and abundant provisions for every man for his return journey to his home country  To everyone that would continue in his service  he gave   talents in coined money  When he found that the number of them that stayed was large  he appointed Epocillus to escort the rest to the seaside in Asia  The Thessalians that returned left their horses with him  He wrote to Menetes  the governor in those parts that as soon as they arrived there he should furnish them immediately with shipping and have them transported to the European side   Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1930,"EventTxt":"To pay the vast sums he gave to the soldiers that left  Alexander was forced in spite of all his haste in the pursuing Darius  to levy a vast quantity of money in the way as he went  Diodorus states that he received of Darius  treasurers    talents over and above that which they had bestowed among his soldiers with cups and other rewards  This amounted to over      The amount they either stole or took by force was calculated to be a great deal more  according to Diodorus   p     in the Greek and Latin Edition  Curtius        c      agrees fully when he says  vv In the next plundering that he made  he raised     talents  From which      Justin has            c      talents were spent in one largesse which he bestowed among his soldiers  His treasurers brought      him of so much more","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1931,"EventTxt":"However  we read in Arrian   p      that now he ordered Parmenion to take all the money which was brought to him from Persia and store it in Ecbatane under the keeping of Harpalus  He was to guard it with   Macedonians and some cavalry of his confederates  Now this money was brought and stored in Ecbatane  Some reckon it to have amounted to     talents   Strabo        p      Diodorus agrees and says also that Parmenion had the charge of all that treasure   p      Justin        c      says  that the treasure amounted to     talents and that Parmenion was in charge of keeping it  Diodorus and Justin are more correct in making Parmenion the keeper of it than Arrian who names Harpalus to that office  We showed before that he was left behind in Babylon to gather up the tribute and other duties for Alexander in those parts","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1932,"EventTxt":"Here Arrian tells us that Alexander sent away Parmenion with certain brigades of foreigners  the Thracian cavalry and others except the troops of his own fellow cavaliers  They were to march through the country of the Cadusians into Hircania  He wrote also to Clitus  captain of the king s troops that as soon as Clitus came from Susa to Ecbatane   for he was left behind sick at Susa  he should take such cavalry as were left there to guard the money and to march into Parthia and to meet him there","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1933,"EventTxt":"Alexander took with him the troops of his fellow cavaliers  vant      couriers  mercenaries led by Erigyius  the Macedonian squadron  except those who were left at Ecbatane to guard the money   the Agrians and the archers and he went after Darius  Since he marched so far so fast  many of his foot soldiers and cavalry were not able to follow  They fainted in the way and perished  However Alexander continued and on the    th day he came to Rages   Arrian         In those     days  he went over   miles  On this long journey  the cavalry followed him very cheerfully although they lacked water in many places  Of that company which set out with him from Ecbatane  there were only   with him at the end of his journey   Plut  in Alex","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1934,"EventTxt":"This city of Rages  APC Tob          is a day s journey from the Caspian Gates or passes to anyone that would ride at Alexander s pace  Darius had already passed through them  Many of those who set out with him on his journey slipped away and returned home  Also many of them returned to Alexander on the way   Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1935,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave up all hope of overtaking Darius  He rested there   days  When he had refreshed his army  he made Oxydates a Persian  governor of Media  whom formerly Darius had committed to prison in Susa and planned to decapitate him   Arian        with Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1936,"EventTxt":"From here Alexander went with his army into Parthia  The first day he camped near the Caspian Gates or passes  The next day he went through the passes and came into places that were well populated  He ordered provisions to be brought to him  for he was told that he was to go through countries lacking such provisions  He sent Coenus with the cavalry and a few foot soldiers abroad to forage   Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1937,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Bagisthenes a great man in Babylon  came from Darius  camp to Alexander  He told Alexander that Darius was not yet laid hold on but was in great danger either of death or bonds   Arian          Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1938,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Alexander pursued him harder and did not wait for Coenus to return from foraging  He took along with him his fellow cavaliers  his vant      couriers  the mercenary cavalry led by Erigyius  the Macedonian battalion  except those that were to guard his treasure  with the Agrians and Archers  He left Craterus to command the rest and ordered him to come after him at a more leisurely pace  He travelled all that night and the next day until noon and rested for a while  He travelled all night again and early next morning he came to the camp of Darius from where Bagisthenes had come to him  He continued and rode all that night and the next day until noon  He came to a certain village where they who had the charge of keeping Darius stayed the day before according to Arrian  Curtius states this was the place where Bessus first laid hold on Darius","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1939,"EventTxt":"When he was about   miles from the place where Bagisthenes first came to him  he found Melon who was Darius  interpreter  He was unable through weakness to follow Darius any further  When he saw Alexander approaching so quickly  he made as if he had fled over to Alexander from Darius for fear lest he should be taken for an enemy  He told Alexander what happened and where they went  However his men were quite weary and needed rest  Alexander took   choice cavalry and selected from them   Dimachs        who and what they were  you may learn from Pollus and Hesychius  These wore heavy armour yet rode on horse back  If the need arose  they could get off their horses and serve as foot soldiers according to Curtius  However  Arrian        c      states that when he saw the foot soldiers could not possibly keep pace with him on horse back  he made about   of the cavalry get off their horses and commanded the captains and best men of the foot soldiers to mount the horses with all their armour on  He ordered Nicanor  who commanded the targeteers and Attalus  the captain of the squadron of Agrians  to follow in the way that Bessus had gone with his men with those who were most lightly armed  He commanded the rest to come later in a phalanx formation","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1940,"EventTxt":"While Alexander was busy giving orders  Orcillus and Mithracenes came to him  They abhorred Bessus for his treachery and fled from him to Alexander  They told him that the Persians were not more than   miles away and that they could lead him to them by a shorter way  He used them as guides and set out early in the evening with a select company of cavalry  He ordered the Macedonian phalanx to follow him as fast as they could  When he had gone about   miles  he was met by Brocubelus  called by Arrian p     Antibelus  the son of Mazeus  sometimes governor of Syria under Darius  He told him that Bessus was not more than  miles ahead of him  His army thinking they were out of danger  marched in no particular order  It seemed they were bound for Hircania  Brocubelus said that if he hurried  he might attack them when they were all straggling from their colours   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1941,"EventTxt":"When Bessus and his consorts found that Alexander was on their heels  they went to Darius where he was in his poor tilted cart  They wanted him to get onto a horse and save himself by fleeing  When he refused to do this  Satibarzenes and Barsaentes each shot an arrow and wounded him  They also houghed the horses that drew the cart so that they might go no further and killed his two servants that still attended Darius   Curt        c     with Arrian  p     I      Only his dog stayed with him   Elia  Histor  animal        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1942,"EventTxt":"When they had done this  Satibarzanes and Barzaentes with   cavalry fled away as fast as possible   Arrian  p      So that they might not be pursued together  Nabarzanes fled into Hircania and Bessus into Bactria  After the rest had lost their captains  they scattered here and there  Only   cavalry stayed together  undecided as to fight or flee   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1943,"EventTxt":"When Alexander saw what confusion the enemy was in  he sent Nicanor to ask them to stay  He followed after him  After they had killed about   that would not yield  Alexander drove the rest before him like so many cattle without harming them and gave the word to stop the killing  He advanced so quickly that barely   cavalry followed him  The number of prisoners was greater than of those that captured them  So far had fear bereft them of their senses that they never considered either their number or how few their enemy troops were   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1944,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile the horses which drew Darius  cart  wandered from the road since there was no one to drive them  When they had gone about half a mile  they stopped in a certain valley  They were exhausted from the hot weather and sore from the injuries they received  There was a fountain of water close by  Polyustratus a Macedonian learned of this fountain from the people of that place  He was exhausted from the heat and his wounds and went to quench his thirst there  As he was taking up water in his helmet  he noticed the arrows in the bodies of the horses that drew the cart   Curt        c      When he came nearer  he saw Darius lying in the cart seriously wounded but not quite dead  Darius called to him for a little water  When he drank it  he desired him to thank Alexander for the favour which he had showed to his mother  wife and children  He begged nothing for himself but a decent burial  He desired no revenge as Alexander did  For if Alexander neglected revenge  it might prove both dishonourable and dangerous to him  The first concerned Alexander in a matter of justice  the other concerned his personal safety  Darius in a token of his sincerity gave Polyustratus his right hand and told him to carry it to Alexander  So when Darius had given his hand to Polystratus  he gave up the ghost   Just     II  c       Plut  in Alexander","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1945,"EventTxt":"So Darius died at age   in the year when Aristophontus was archon in Athens in the month Hecatombaeon   Arrian        p      He had reigned for   years    years had passed from the year of the death of Cyrus who set up the Persian Empire until now  which was the very beginning of the  rd year of the    th Olympiad  From this time Calippus  a man renowned by Aristotle who was at that time famous in his school at Athens        of his Metaphysics   began his epoch or account of   years as we find by various astronomical observations of Ptolemy in his great book  Syntaxis  Although Strabo          says that Darius lost his empire at the battle of Gaugamela fought   months  sic  original has   years  earlier and Justin         confirms this that then Alexander took the empire of Asia from Darius  However since it appears that Darius was murdered by his kinsfolk  he lost his life and kingdom at the same time  Justin      fin   We can not doubt that Calippus in memorial of the founding of Alexander s Empire made this the starting point of his Periodus or calculation of years  The Macedonian Empire","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1946,"EventTxt":"The empire of Alexander lasted   years according to Isidore and Beda from Eusebius  Chronicle  Jul  Africa  states   years and the historian who wrote in the time of Alexander Severus    years  Tome    Antiqu  Lectio  Henr  Canisis  p      Strabo        fin   allows   or  years  Nicephorus Constantinopolitanus in his Chronicle  states   years  Clemens Alexandrinus         Stromat   is wrong when he says it was   years  It is most obvious that from the month Hecatombaeon when Darius died  when Aristophontes was archon at Athens  to the month Thargelion when Alexander died  as we shall show presently   when Hegesias was archon in Athens  only   years and   months passed  In this short period of time  Alexander did so many and great feats of arms in the east that he may well be said to have flown rather than to have marched over all those regions  Hence it is said that in  Da      Alexander is described under the figure of a goat who came from the west over the face of the whole earth  He never so much as touched the ground  In  Da      Alexander is compared to a winged leopard  Hierome notes on this passage that of all the beasts  the leopard is the swiftest and most impetuous  He adds that nothing was done so swiftly as his conquest  He took everything from the gulf of Venice and the Adriatic Sea to the very Indian Ocean and the Ganges River  He did this not so much by war but as by his reputation  What he did after the death of Darius  is set down by Diodorus          nd part   by Justin          by Curtius     last books of his History   by Plutarch  in his life  and by Arrian          I have inserted these accounts from the various authors in this work","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1947,"EventTxt":"Darius was no sooner dead then Alexander rode on his horse to the place where he lay  When he saw his dead body  Alexander wept to see so unworthy a death happen to so noble a person  He took his own coat and placed it over him and immediately sent his body to his mother to be buried in a royal manner with the kings of Persia  He also took Darius  brother Oxathres into the circle of his friends and nobles  He bestowed upon Oxathres all honour belonging to his high place and parentage  Alexander planned to pursue Bessus but since he and his army had escaped to Bactria and Alexander could not reach him at this time  he returned again","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1948,"EventTxt":"While he remained at Hecatompulis which was a city in Parthiene built in former times by the Greeks  he gathered a good store of provisions  All the army grew restless as they lay idle in their quarters and they all wanted to return to Greece as soon as possible  When Alexander had allayed this desire  they all asked him to lead them wherever he would and they would follow him  After   day s march through the country of Parthiene  he came into the borders of Hircania which Nabarzanes had captured  He left Craterus with the troops he commanded  Amyntas  brigade    cavalry and   archers  They were to keep Parthiene safe from the incursions by the bordering countries  He commanded Erigyius to take care of the carriages and to follow him through the plain country with a considerable company to guard them  Alexander took his targeteers and the cream of the Macedonian squadron and some archers  When they had marched about   miles  they camped in a plain near a small river","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1949,"EventTxt":"After he had refreshed his army   days there  letters came to him from Nabarzanes  who  together with Bessus  had murdered Darius  He surrendered to Alexander  From here Alexander moved     miles through an almost impassable way  No enemy opposed him and he got through  When he had gone almost another   miles  Phradapharnes governor of Hercania and Parthia met him  He surrendered to Alexander along with all those who had fled to him after the death of Darius  Alexander graciously received them all  He next came to a town called Arvas  Here Craterus rejoined him  He had taken in all the countries which he had passed through  He brought with him Phradates or Autophradates  the governor of the country of the Tapurins  Alexander restored him to his government again and sent him back home","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1950,"EventTxt":"When Alexander came to the nearest borders of Hircania  Artabazus the Persian  who was an old friend of Philip met him  At this time he was banished by Ochus and had always remained most loyal to Darius  He was now   years old  He came to Alexander with Cophenes and   other sons of his  all born by the same mother who was the sister of Mentor and Memnon  Alexander received them all most graciously  Ariobarzanes and Arsames  who were governors under Darius came and submitted to Alexander","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1951,"EventTxt":"Alexander now invaded the country of the Mardians which bordered on Hircania  They held the mountain passes and met Alexander with an army of   men  Alexander attacked the army  slew many of them and took more of them prisoners  The rest fled into the craggy mountains  Finally they returned his cavalry man Bucephalus  whom they had captured  They sent   ambassadors to him to ask his pardon  When Alexander had taken hostages  he made Autophrodates governor over them as well as the Tapurins","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1952,"EventTxt":"From there he returned in   days to the place from where he set out against the Mardians  From there Andronicus the son of Agerrus and Artabazus brought with them   Greek mercenaries of Darius to Alexander    ambassadors who had been sent to Darius from various counties  also came to him  Alexander put   Lacedemonian ambassadors and Dropis the Athenian to prison  Democrates the other Athenian ambassador who always opposed the Macedonian party comitted suicide because he did not expect a pardon from Alexander  He freed the ambassadors from Sinope and Hecraclides who were sent from Carthage and the other ambassadors from Greece  He gave the command of the Greeks who stayed in his service to Andronicus  When he had doubly honoured Artabazus and gave him greater honours than he held under Darius  Alexander sent him home","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1953,"EventTxt":"When these matters were taken care of  he marched against the greatest city of all Hircania  called Zeudracarta or Zadracarta and there stayed   days  Nabarzanes came to him there and brought with him many presents  Among these was Bagoas  an eunuch of rare beauty who was later highly respected and could do whatever he wished with Alexander","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1954,"EventTxt":"At this place  Thalestris or Minithaea came to Alexander with   ladies  She was the queen of the Amazons which is a place between the two rivers  Phasis and Thermodoon  She left the rest of her army at the borders of Hircania and came hoping to be with child by him  She stayed   days  Curtius in this account contrary to the stream of all geographers  locates these Amazons on the borders of Hircania         c      However  Justin says that they bordered on Albania         c      Clitarchus says that Thalestris came from the Caspian Gates and the Thermodoon River to Alexander  It took her a   or   day journey to reach him through many counties         c      The journey was at least   miles   Strabo         Her visit to Alexander is recorded by Polycrates  Onesicritus  Antigenes  Hister and various others  However  Aristobulus Chares the historian  Ptolemy Lagus  Anticlides  Philo Thebanus the historian  Hecateus Eretriensis  Philippus Chaleidensis and Duris Samius say that it is a mere fable  Alexander seems to agree  In his Commentaries to Antigonus  in which he recorded the events exactly  he says that a certain Scythian offered him his daughter for a wife  No mention is made of an Amazon  It is also reported that Onesisieritus  many years later was reading his  th book to Lysimachus who was then reigning  When he mentioned something of an Amazon that came to Alexander  Lysimachus smiled and said  VV I pray sir  where was I all the while   Plut  in Alex  see Strabo        p     and Arria        p","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1955,"EventTxt":"When Alexander returned to Parthiene  he indulged himself there in all kinds of Persian luxuries  He commanded also his nobles to take and wear the long Persian robe of cloth of gold and scarlet  If any of the common soldiers wanted to marry a Persian  he allowed it","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1956,"EventTxt":"Bessus now wore his turban upright and pointed along with other regal attire  He assumed the title of Artaxerxes and king of Asia  He gathered into a body all those Persians who had fled into Bactria  With these he had Bactrians  the Scythians and others who lived as far as the bank of the Tanais River  He planned to make a war on Alexander","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1957,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Amminapes a Parthian  governor of Patthia and Hircania under him  Amminapes with Mazeus or Mezaces  had delivered Egypt into his hands  Alexander had Tlepolemus the son of Pythophanis  one of his friends   Arrian        p      in the government with Amminapes  Although Curtius says  that he made Menapis  for so he calls Amminapes  governor of Hircania  who before was banished by Ochus and had fled to his father Philip for refuge         c      Justin says that when Alexander had subdued Parthia  he made a certain noble man of Persia  called Andragoras its governor  From him the kings of Parthia descended since Arsaces notes him as the founder of the Parthian kingdom  He was also called Andragoras   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1958,"EventTxt":"After this  Alexander came to Susia  a city of the Arians  Sanbarzanes  governor of the Arians  came to him  Alexander restored his government to him  He also had Anaxippus  one of his nobles to hold the government with him  He gave him   javeliners on horse back to attend him  He could put these in places where he thought best to keep the Arians from being plundered or injured by the army as it passed by","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1959,"EventTxt":"Alexander was now ready to march against Bessus  When he saw that his army was so loaded with the spoil and luxurious goods they were in no condition to march  he first commanded his own goods than their goods to be burned  He kept only what was necessary for their immediate needs","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1960,"EventTxt":"Nicanor  the son of Parmenion  the captain of the Argyraspides   i e  of the silver shields  or targeteers   died suddenly and everyone mourned his passing  Alexander was especially grieved and would have stayed to be present at his funeral but lack of provisions in that place would not permit him to  Therefore he left Nicanor s brother Philotas there with   men to take care of the funeral  Alexander went on his journey in pursuit of Bessus","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1961,"EventTxt":"Satibarzanes  to whom Alexander had restored his government over the Arians  as mentioned earlier  murdered Anaxippus with his   javeliners on horse back  He gathered all the forces he could to the chief city of the Arians  called Chortacana or Artacoana  When he heard that Alexander was coming  he planned to go and join with Bessus in a common war against the Macedonians","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1962,"EventTxt":"When Alexander heard of this  he halted his journey into Bactria  He marched   miles in two days and came to Attacoana  Satibarzanes with   cavalry  for that was all he could gather at that time  fled into Bactria to Bessus  The rest escaped to the mountains  Alexander pursued Satibarzanes a long time but was not able to overtake him  He attacked those who were in the mountains and took the craggy rocks where     armed Arians had fled  Alexander returned to Attacoana which was besieged by Craterus during this time  Craterus had prepared all things for an assault and waited for Alexander to lead it so that the honour of taking the place would fall to Alexander not him  Joab did the same for David   Sa       When the king came  he found them ready to plead for his mercy  He pardoned them and lifted his siege  He restored to every man what was his  Within   days he had taken all the places of that country and made Arsaces their governor","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1963,"EventTxt":"Fresh supplies came to Alexander  Zoilus brought him   cavalry from Greece  Antipater sent him   soldiers from Illyrium  Philip the son of Menelaus brought him mercenary cavalry from Media along with   of the Thessalians that Alexander  at Ecbatane  had given leave to return home  They refused and continued with Alexander  From Lydia came  oot soldiers with   cavalry under the command of Andromachus  according to Arrian","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1964,"EventTxt":"With these new forces Alexander came to the Drangeans  whom Arrian calls Zarangeans  whose governor was Barzaentes  He was one of those who with Bessus and Nabarzanes had turned on Darius  He feared punishment from Alexander and fled away to the Indians on this side the Indus River","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1965,"EventTxt":"Alexander spent   days in the chief city of the Drangean country  Some of his own people began to conspire his death  Dimnus  a Macedonian  revealed to Nicomachus  Alexander s bard that   days from then  Alexander would be murdered and that he was in on the plot with various nobles  Although Nicomachus was sworn to secrecy by Dimnus  he told the matter to his brother Ceballinus and wished him to tell the king of it  Since Ceballinus could not get to Alexander  he told it to Philotas first  When he found that Philotas was indifferent and likely in on the plot  Ceballinus went to Metron  a noble young gentleman and in charge of the artillery  He advised Metron to tell Alexander about it immediately  When Alexander heard of it  he immediately ordered all those in the plot to be arrested  When Dimnus was taken  he knew why and killed himself with his sword  When Ceballinus was questioned  he protested that the very hour he heard of it that he told the matter to Philotas and requested him to tell the king  When Philotas was questioned about this  he said it was true  He said he meant no harm but only through his carelessness he did nothing thinking it was a baseless rumour  When Philotas was put on the rack  he confessed all and was executed with the rest of the conspirators  Philotas was the son of Pamenion who was next to Alexander in authority","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1966,"EventTxt":"Alexander Lyncestes was also called before a council of Macedonians for his previous conspiracy for which he was in prison for   years   Diodorus   Curtius  This is that Alexander Aneropus who before the battle at Issos   years earlier was put in prison for plotting the king s death   Diodorus  Justin and Arrian  See note on   AM  Lyncestes had plotted Alexander s death several times previously  Alexander spoke the following to his council of Macedonians   Curt        c       vv Alexander Lyncestes was twice arraigned for two counts of treason against my life  I have twice taken him out of the hand of justice and when he was convicted a third time  I gave him a reprieve and kept him in prison these   years   For so it should be according to the true Palatine Manuscript and not   years  as in the ordinary printed books   Until now you desired that he be given his just punishment","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1967,"EventTxt":"When he was questioned concerning that latest attempt on Alexander s life  he could not answer without faltering  Therefore without any more adieu  he was thrust through with lances by those which stood about and heard him at the bar","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1968,"EventTxt":"After the body of Lyncestes was carried from the place  the king still sat at in the judgment seat  He had Amyntas the son of Andromenes with Attalus and Symmias  brothers  all very close to Philotas to be brought to the bar  When Polemon who was the youngest of the group had heard that Philotas was put on the rack  he fled but was captured and brought to judgment  Finally  Alexander acquitted them all  as a result of the general intercession of those that were there  Then he immediately sent Polydamas whom Parmenion loved very much  with two Arabians on dromedary camels into Media  They were to get there before the news of the death of Philotas reached those lands  They had letters for Cleander  Sitalces and Menidas  the commanders in the army under Pamenion  to kill him  He was the governor of Media and had the greatest reputation and authority next to the king in the army  Parmenion was now   years old  After he had read Alexander s letter and was reading the second letter written to him in the name of his son Philotas  he was stabbed to death  Cleander sent his head to the king and would hardly allow the rest of his body to be buried  Strabo        p      tells us  that this all happened in   day s time  An ordinary journey normally took   to   days just to get there","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1969,"EventTxt":"Alexander feared least the glory all his actions might be blemished with the cruelty by the previous action  He did as Gaus formerly did   See note on   AM  He let it be known that he was to send some of his friends into Macedonia  He advised all men that wanted to write to their friends in those parts not to miss this opportunity of sending a note back home since they were going further east  Every man wrote a letter and he ordered to have all the letters brought to him  By this he found out what everyone thought of him  He put all those whom he found either weary of the war or unhappy with his actions  into one company  He called this the unruly company and put Leonidas  formerly an intimate friend of Parmenion s  in charge of it  Then he divided his fellow cavaliers into two regiments  He assigned the one part to be commanded by Hephaestion and the other by Clitus","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1970,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had settled matters among the Drangians  he marched toward them who were called of old  Agriaspe  or Arimaspi  In later times Cyrus called them the Euergetae  i e  Benefactors for a good deed they did to him  Alexander was warmly received and entertained by them","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1971,"EventTxt":"After staying   days in that country  he had news that Satibarzanes with   cavalry from Bessus  had attacked the Arians and made them defect from Alexander  Against Satibarzanes  he sent   Greek foot soldiers and   calvary under the command of Erigyius and Caranus  Diodorus says that Stasanors commanded together with Artbazus  the Persian  Andronicas and Phrataphernes  the governor of Parthia","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1972,"EventTxt":"He stayed with the Euergetae and sacrificed to Apollo  He committed Demetrius to prison  He was one of the captains of his bodyguard       whom Alexander suspected of conspiracy with Philotas  He replaced him with Ptolemy the son of Lagus  He gave to the Euergetae a large sum of money and such lands as they desired which was not much  When he was welcomed by the Gedrosians  who bordered on the Euergetae  he also rewarded them according to their deeds","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3674,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3674c AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1973,"EventTxt":"After he spent   days with the Euergetae  he left Amenides as their new governor  He had been Darius  secretary for some time  according to Curtius  However  Arrian says he left them a free state  Diodorus reports that he made Teridates the governor of both the Euergetae and Gedrosions","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3675a AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1974,"EventTxt":"Alexander left them and marched into Bactria against Bessus  He subdued the Drangi  the Dragagi and Arachosia on his way  Part of his army which was formerly commanded by Parmenion met him  There were   Macedonians and   men of honour among them  These were the very pith and marrow of all his army  He appointed Menon as governor of Arachosia and left him   soldiers and   cavalry to keep order in the country","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3675a AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1975,"EventTxt":"Alexander led his army into the country of the Paropamisadae about the time of the setting of the seven stars and beginning of winter   Strabo        p      All the country was covered with snow  The days were obscurely dark rather than light so that a man could hardly discern anything close by  In this vast wilderness  Alexander s army endured the misery of lack of food  cold  weariness and even despair  Many died from the cold and many men s feet rotted off their legs from frost bite  At last they came into a warmer country with more provisions  The army was relieved and the whole country was quickly brought into subjection","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3675a AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1976,"EventTxt":"Alexander went to the Caucasus Mountains which some call Paropamysus  He crossed the mountains in a   or   day march and built a city near the foot of them at a place where that mountain pass opens into Media  He called the city after his own name  Alexandria  He also built various other cities  each a day s journey from Alexandria  He relocated   inhabitants of the countries in that area into these new cities  He put   which followed the camp and let as many of those who were grown unserviceable in the wars settle there who wanted to  He made Proexes  a Persian  governor of all that region and left one of his friends  Niloxenes  to be the ruler over them","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3675a AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1977,"EventTxt":"When the Macedonians and Arians were fighting  Satibarzanes  who commanded the enemy came between the two armies  He pulled off his helmet  said who he was and challenged any man that dared to a duel  Erigyius  the general of the Macedonian army took up the challenge and ran his spear through his body  killing him  When the barbarians  who came there by compulsion rather than willingly saw that their captain was dead  they trusted Erigyius and laid down their arms and submitted to him","YearBCAD":-330,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4384,"Dating":"3675a AM, 4384 JP, 330 BC"}
{"Index":1978,"EventTxt":"Bessus and those Persians who joined with him in seizing Darius  with about   Bactrians and some of the Dahae who lived east of the Tanais River  foraged the country bordering on the Caucasus Mounatins  They hoped that by ravaging and destroying all the countries which lay between them and Alexander that he would not dare come that way for fear of starving his army  Nevertheless  Alexander went on under extreme difficulty of much snow and too little food","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675b AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1979,"EventTxt":"When winter was almost over  he had India on his right hand  He passed over the mountains into Bactria  Not a tree was to be seen all the way except for a few shrubs   Strabo        p      His troops found by the way some quantity of Indian wheat  From this the common soldiers squeezed a kind of juice which they used for oil to ease the pain of their cold joints  This juice was sold for   denarius per pitcher  A pitcher of wine fetched   denarius  There was very little wheat to make bread with  From hunger  the common soldier sustained himself by catching river fish and eating such herbs as he could get  Finally they came to a place where there were neither fish nor plants to eat  They were told to kill their draught animals and eat them  This kept them alive until they came into Bactria   Curt        c      Strabo adds  that they were forced to eat it raw for lack of fire to roast it with  To settle their stomachs  they had a supply of an herb called benzome which helped their digestion","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675b AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1980,"EventTxt":"Bessus was terrified by Alexander s rapid advance  After he had first sacrificed to his gods  he feasted his friends and captains  As they ate they discussed the war at hand  He bragged of a kingdom which he had gotten by treachery  He was hardly in his right mind  He boasted that the cowardice of Darius had enhanced the fame and glory of the enemy  He resolved to march with his army into Sogdiana  He would have the Oxus River as a wall between him and Alexander until help came in from other parts  When all the rest were as drunk as he was  Cobares   according to Curtius  or Bagodoras  according to Diodoras   a Median and a soothsayer by profession  advised him that when he was sober and came to his senses  he should submit to Alexander  Bessus was so enraged that he drew his sword and those with him could barely restrain him from killing Cobares  In the meantime  Cobares fled and the next night came to Alexander","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675b AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1981,"EventTxt":"On the  th day after he set out from his new city of Alexandria and his winter quarters  he came to Adrapsa  a city of Bactra   Strabo       p      or Drapsaca  according to Arrian  After he had refreshed his army he marched to Aornos and Bactra  the two main cities of Bactria  He took them on the first assault  He put a garrison into the citadel of Aornos under the command of his friend  Archelaus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675b AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1982,"EventTxt":"Bessus had   or   Bactrians in his army  They remained loyal to him and thought that Alexander would never follow them into that cold climate but rather go into India  However  when they saw that Alexander marched toward them  every man stole away to his own home and left Bessus all alone  He was left with a small retinue of his servants and tenants which remained loyal to him  After they crossed the Oxus River by boat  they burned the boats so that Alexander might not make use of them  They went to a place called Nautaca  in the country of Sogdiana to raise new forces from those parts  Spitamenes and Oxyartes followed him with some Sogdian cavalry and such Dahae as had come to him from the bank of Tanais","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675b AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1983,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Artabazus governor of Bactria  He left his wagons with a guard to keep them  With the rest of the army  he set out at night and came into the desert of Sogdiana  When he had gone about   miles and found no water at all  the next day his whole army was dying of thirst  Later when they found water  more died from drinking too much than he had ever lost in any battle","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1984,"EventTxt":"Toward evening  Alexander came to the river Oxus where he spent that night greatly disturbed as he waited for the rest of his army to come","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1985,"EventTxt":"Before he crossed the river  he picked from his Macedonians those who either from age or wounds were not fit to fight and from the Thessalians who followed him as volunteers  he selected    He gave everyone in the cavalry   talents and to each foot soldier he gave   denarius or drachmas  He wanted them to go home and join their families and dismissed them  He thanked the rest for promising to go on with him in the war","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1986,"EventTxt":"He also sent his friend  Stasanor to the Arians to seize Arsaces their governor  because he seemed to up to no good  He appointed Stasanor to be governor in his place","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1987,"EventTxt":"There was no timber there to make boats with  Therefore when he grew impatient by the delay  he had the hides which covered the soldiers  tents to be taken down and leather bags to be stuffed with straw and sown or tied together  In   days  he ferried his army across the river on these leather boats","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1988,"EventTxt":"Spitamenes was Bessus  most respected and honoured friend  As soon as he heard that Alexander had crossed the Oxus River  he told the news to Dataphernes and Catenes  They were trusted aides of Bessus  Catenes laid hold on Bessus  removed his regal diadem from his head and tore the robe in pieces which he wore and had taken from the body of Darius","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1989,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had crossed the Oxus River  he soon marched to the place where Bessus was  On the way  he received news from Spitamenes and Dataphernes that if he would be pleased to send any captain of his with a sufficient guard  they would deliver Bessus into his hands  Therefore Alexander sent Ptolemy the son of Lagus with   companies of cavalry  the regiment of foot soldiers under Philotas    of the silver targeteers  all the entire squadron of the Agrians and one half of the Archers  Ptolemy marched in   days with these to the place where Spitamenes with his army had camped the day before  This is normally a   day journey","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1990,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Alexander came to a little town of the Branchids  The inhabitants were relocated there by Xerxes from Miletum many years earlier  This was the reward he gave them for their work on his behalf in betraying Miletum and in pulling down the temple of Apollo Didymaeus  See note on   AM  This town became the home of traitors  It was wholly plundered and then totally destroyed  All the inhabitants  men  women and children  were killed with the sword  Had this been executed on the traitors  it would have been an act of justice and not of cruelty  Now the children suffered for their forefather s fault  These never saw Miletum  much less betrayed it to Xerxes   Curt        c     with Strabo       p","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1991,"EventTxt":"As Alexander was on his march  Bessus was brought to him not only bound but stark naked  a sight well pleasing to all the men  both Greeks and barbarians  All that brought him were rewarded for their efforts  The prisoner was committed to the keeping of Oxertas  Darius  brother whom Alexander had made one of the captains of his bodyguard  Oxertas planned to have him crucified after his ears and nose were cut off  his body shot through and through with arrows and that his dead body should be watched so that no bird might land on it  After Bessus was scourged with whips  he was remanded to Bactria and his death deferred  He was to be executed in the place where he had murdered Darius","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1992,"EventTxt":"Alexander had re enforced his army  He had lost many troops in crossing over the Caucasus Mountains  the journey to the Oxus River and his march to the Tanais River  This is not that river which divided Europe from Asia and empties Ameotis Lake into the Euxine Sea  It is another Tanais  called also Jaxartes  which Pliny        c      is by the Scythians termed Sylis  and by the inhabitants in the area Orxantes  according to Aristobulus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1993,"EventTxt":"At this place certain Macedonians went foraging not as carefully as they should have done  They were attacked by certain natives from the mountains  Many were killed but more were captured  These natives numbered     men but Curtius says     men  Against these natives  Alexander speedily gathered such companies as he had closest at hand  In this fight  he was shot with an arrow in the thigh and when the shaft was pulled out the head stayed in  Arrian tells us that the hill was taken and of     enemy troops  less than   escaped  However  Curtius tells us that the next day after he was hurt  those barbarians voluntarily surrendered to him and sent him the prisoners which they had taken and made their peace with him","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1994,"EventTxt":"He moved his camp and he was carried in an ordinary stretcher which every man was happy to take turns carrying  In   days he came to Maracanda  the principal city of all Sogdiana whose wall is almost   miles in circumference  He left a garrison to keep the city  He went and wasted and burned the nearby towns  A few days later  ambassadors came to him from the Scythians called Abis  These had always lived as a free state ever since the death of Cyrus but now they surrendered to him","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1995,"EventTxt":"The barbarians who lived near the river captured the Macedonian soldiers that were left there in the garrison and slew them  They started to fortify their cities  Many of the Sogdians joined with them and were encouraged by those who had taken Bessus  side  They caused some of the Bactrians to defect also  The Susians and Bactrians had   cavalry which helped cause the rest to defect  Alexander sent Spitamenes and Catenes  who had delivered Bessus into his hands  to repress them  They reproved the principal ring leaders of that rebellion  They said that Alexander had sent for all the Bactrian cavalry so that he could murder them","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1996,"EventTxt":"When Alexander heard of this  he attacked the city of Gaza and sent Craterus against Cyropolis  When he had taken Gaza  he slew all that were of age in it  The women and children were sold into slavery and the city was destroyed  This was to be an example to others  He took   other cities in those parts within   days and treated them in the same manner  After this he marched away to Cyropolis      men had fled there because the place was well fortified and a good refuge  In that siege he both lost the bravest and best men of his army and he was in extreme danger  He took such a blow in the neck with a stone that his eyes were dazzled and he fell and lost his senses for the present  However he was of an invincible courage against such casualties that would daunt other men  Although his wound was not yet thoroughly healed  he assaulted it more fiercely than before  His anger spurred on his natural fighting abilities  When the city was first taken    of the enemy were killed  The rest fled into the citadel  When Alexander had besieged it for only one day  they surrendered for lack of water","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1997,"EventTxt":"Alexander ordered Cyropolis to be levelled to the ground  Of   cities which the natives had fortified for themselves  there remained now only one to be taken  He took it on the very first assault  However  Ptolemy says  it surrendered to him  Aristobulus says  that the men taken in it were distributed in the army and kept bound until Alexander left that country  This would leave none behind who had a hand in that revolt","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1998,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile the Scythians of Asia came with a great army to the bank of the Tanais River  When they heard that the counties on the other side were up in arms against Alexander  they planned that if the inhabitants of these countries revolted in large numbers  to join with them against Alexander and to attack the Macedonians","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":1999,"EventTxt":"Spitamenes stayed within the walls of Maracanda and besieged the garrison of Macedonians who were in the citadel there  Against him  Alexander sent Menedemus  Andromachus and Caranus along with   of his fellow cavaliers    of his mercenaries led by Caranus    mercenary foot soldiers   Curtius says     Alexander gave them Pharnuches for an interpreter because he spoke the barbarian s language and could therefore best serve to negotiate with them","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2000,"EventTxt":"Alexander came back to the bank of the Tanais River and made a wall around his camp  He made a city of it with walls of almost   miles in circumference and called the city after his own name  Alexandria  The work was done so quickly that within   days after the walls were up  it was filled with houses also   Curtius        c      However  Justin says  that in   days  he built a wall around it   miles in circumference         c      Arrian states that in   days the city was enclosed with a wall  He gave the city to his Greek mercenaries to live in along with any of the natives in the area who wished to live there  Any of his Macedonians who were grown unserviceable for the war were allowed to live there too  He also put some of his captive prisoners to fill this newly built city  He paid their various masters their ransom and so made them freemen and citizens of the place  He also relocated the inhabitants of three cities which Cyrus had built  to this city","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2001,"EventTxt":"The king of the Scythians whose kingdom lay beyond the Tanais River  knew that city was built on purpose to restrain his ambitions  He sent his brother Carcasis to take and demolish it and to expel those Macedonians from the river side  These Sycthians rode up and down on the other side of the river in Alexander s sight and shot arrows and hurled insults at him and his Macedonians  Alexander was not yet fully recovered from his wound  His voice failed him and he could not stand alone nor sit on horseback  He could not order for what he wanted done","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2002,"EventTxt":"Spitamenes had with him besides his own men  some   Dahae and wild Scythian cavalry  These attacked a part of the army that was sent by Alexander to relieve them who were besieged in the citadel at Maracanda and slew them  Aristobulus says  that when the Macedonians were fighting  there suddenly arose from the neighbouring gardens such a number of Scythians that they slew almost all the Macedonians  Barely   cavalry and   foot soldiers escaped  Curtius mentions only that   foot soldiers lost in that defeat  However  Alexander  to hide the greatness of that loss  ordered those who returned to his camp  upon pain of death  not to speak a word about it","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675c AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2003,"EventTxt":"Alexander put his heavily armed foot soldiers into as many boats as he could make  The rest swam on leather bags stuffed with straw  They crossed the Tanais River with incredible courage and attacked and routed the Scythians  Even though Alexander was quite weak  he pursued them for   miles  In this battle    Macedonian cavalry and almost   foot soldiers died  About   were wounded","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2004,"EventTxt":"Not long after this  Scythian ambassadors came to him to justify what had happened  They said that this war was not made on him by the Scythian nation but by only a few among them who lived by robbery and plundering  The law abiding inhabitants would yield to him  Alexander accepted this and replied kindly  He released all the prisoners without a ransom so that these warlike people would see that his battle with them  was for honour  not revenge","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2005,"EventTxt":"When the Sacae saw this  they sent their ambassadors to him and offered him their service  He as graciously dealt with them  He had Excipinus  a young gentleman whom he loved very dearly and was to him like Hephaestion was  to keep them company and to entertain them","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2006,"EventTxt":"Alexander took half of his fellow cavaliers  all his targeteers  archers  Agrians and the best of all the Macedonian squadron  He marched to Maracanda where he was told that Spitamenes had returned again to besiege the Greeks in the citadel  He marched about   miles in   days and came early the next day to the city  When Spitamenes heard of his approach  he lifted his siege and fled  Alexander pursued him as fast as he could  On the way he came to the place  where the Scythians had slain his Macedonians  He had their bones gathered and buried with a proper Macedonian funeral  After this he followed the enemy until he came into the desert","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2007,"EventTxt":"And by this time Craterus who marched at a slower pace as he was told to  came to Alexander with the largest part of the army  To punish the Sogdians who had revolted from him  Alexander divided his army into two parts and ordered them to burn every place and kill all males of age  In this manner he overran all that region  Here the river called Polytimetus runs  Beyond that the river runs underground and all the country is a desert  totally devoid of cities and inhabitants","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2008,"EventTxt":"Diodorus guesses  part           that Alexander killed     Sogdians    of the most noble of them  all men of great strength were brought to Alexander  He wondered at their undaunted courage when they faced death and freed them on the condition they would be loyal to him after this  They kept their word and when they returned home  they made all their people submit to Alexander  Alexander took   of them to be in his bodyguard  No Macedonians proved more faithful to him than these were","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2009,"EventTxt":"He left Pencolaus there with a garrison of   foot soldiers  for no more were needed  and he came into Bactria  Alexander called together all that were there and ordered that Bessus be brought to him  Alexander reproached him for his treachery to Darius and had his nose and crops of his ears cut off  He sent Bessus to Ecbatane so that he might there be executed in the sight of the Medes and Persians  Plutarch says that Alexander ordered both his arms and legs tied to two trees that were bend down so that when the trees were released  they would tare him to pieces  Diodorus writes that the brother of Darius and his other kinsfolks railed and reproached him in many speeches  Then they cut his whole body into gibbets and then put them into slings and scattered them abroad","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2010,"EventTxt":"About the same time Phrataphernes the governor of Parthia and Stasanor who was sent into Aria to apprehend Arsaces  came to him  Stasanor brought Arsaces bound in chains along with Barzanes  whom Bessus had made governor under him of Persia and other men involved in the revolt of Bessus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2011,"EventTxt":"From the Asian sea coast Epocillus and Melanidas came to Alexander  Also Ptolemy the commander of the Thracians came who had escorted the money sent by Menetes and those old soldiers whom Alexander had dismissed to go home  Ptolemy and Melanidas brought with them  oot soldiers and   cavalry mercenaries  A man called Alexander came with the   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Bessus the governor of Syria  Asclepidorus the commander at sea sent him just as many  Antipater sent him   Greek mercenaries and   cavalry under the command of Asander and Nearchus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2012,"EventTxt":"With this larger army  he proceeded to set in order what had been disturbed by that general revolt from him  Many  especially the Sogdians  had gone into walled towns and cities and set up their own defences and would not submit to the governor whom he had set over them  Therefore he left Polysperchion  Attalus  Gorgius and Meleager in Bactria to keep order so that they would not revolt again nor draw others into rebellion  After a   day march  Alexander came to the bank of the Oxus River  This river had a muddy bottom and is very filthy and unhealthy to drink  Therefore  the soldiers started digging wells for water but found none  At last they saw a spring rising up in the king s pavilion  which because they had not seen it before they said that it suddenly arose there   Curt        c      Plutarch reports that Proxenus a Macedonian and muster of the king s wardrobe dug a place near the Oxus River to pitch the king s pavilion  He found a spring of a fatty and oleaginous or oily liquor that Alexander in his letters to Antipater states was one of the greatest miracles that God had shown him  Arrian goes further and says that he found two fountains  one of water and the other of oil  They recently had sprung up near the place where Alexander s tent stood  When Ptolemy brought Alexander word  he presently  as he was directed by his soothsayers  offered sacrifices to his gods  Aristander told him that the fountain of oil foreshadowed the great labour and travail that he was to endure but in the end he would be crowned with victory","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2013,"EventTxt":"When he had crossed the Ochus and Oxus River  he came to the Marginia or Magriana River  Around it he built   towns    on the south side and   on the east side  They were build close together so each town could help the other one if needed   Curt        c      Strabo tells us that he built   towns in Bactria and Sogdiana         p      Justin mentions          c      and notes that he put those in his army who were rebellous and seditious and hence got rid of them","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3675,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3675d AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2014,"EventTxt":"Arimazes of Sogdiana with a     man army climbed to the top of a high rock called Oxi by Strabo  They made provision for a   year seige  This rock was about     miles high and  miles in circumference  Alexander made generous promises to   gallant young lads who volunteered to climb the rock  Using cramp irons where needed  they were able to slowly climb the rock    died in the attempt  They either slipped or the rock broke from under them  The Sogdians were astonished as if by a miracle  to see that men had gotten up there  They thought there were more coming who were better armed then they were  so they surrendered  Arimazes their leader was quite afraid  He and the chief men of the country  came down to the king in his camp  Alexander had them well whipped and later crucified at the base of the hill  He distributed the rest for slaves among the new cities which he had built with the money he had taken from them  Arabazus was left to keep the Sogdians and the neighbouring countries under subjection   Curt        c  ult    Polyanus Stratag        in Alexander n","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2015,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had taken the Oxi Rock in Sogdiana  he saw the enemies in various parts  He divided his whole army into   brigades  Hephaestion commanded   brigades  Caenus and Artabazus the  th and Alexander the  th  Alexander marched the next day toward Maracanda and the rest ranged here and there as they wished  If they found that any had fled to citadels or places of strength  they attacked and captured them  If they surrendered  they were treated mercifully  When all these five brigades had taken in most Sogdiana  they met at Maracanda  Alexander sent Hephaestion to make colonies in various parts  He sent Coenus and Artabazus to Scythia for he heard that Spitomenes had gone there  He took the rest of the army into Sogdiana  and easily retook any places that the rebels had fled to  Those that surrendered without fighting  he relocated in those towns which he had subdued by force and caused their lands to be divided among these new inhabitants","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2016,"EventTxt":"While these things happened  Spitamenes  the rebels of Bactria  a company of Sogdians who were fled from thence into Scythia and some   or   Massagetan cavalry who came to him  went to a certain citadel which was built and manned against the Bactrians  They suddenly attacked the garrison and slew every man and put the governor in prison  Proud of their deed  they went soon after to take the city of Zariaspes  This they failed to do but carried away much spoil from the country around it","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2017,"EventTxt":"To suppress this rabble  Attinas governor of the country  led out some   cavalry not knowing the enemy had planned to ambush him  With these troops  he took some of the king s cavalry that had been left sick at Zariaspes and were now recovered  Pithon  the son of Sosicles and Aristonicas  a musician  commanded them  These two gathered some   mercenary cavalry troops of those who were left in the garrison at Zariaspes along with some of the king s cavaliers  They planned to go in a company with Attinas into the country of the Massagetae  However  Spitamenes and his troops rose from the thickets and woods and suddenly attacked them  They killed   of the king s cavaliers and   of the mercenaries  Aristonicus the musician  was also killed in that fight and behaved himself more like a soldier than a fiddler  In this encounter  Spitamenes killed Attinas with his whole company  Pithon was wounded and escaped  The news of this ambush came quickly to Craterus  He with all his cavalry troops attacked the Massagetae and routed them  He pursued them until they came to the wilderness of that country  where they fought  After a fierce battle  the Macedonians routed them  When the Massagetae saw that   of their cavalry were killed  they fled and easily saved themselves in that wilderness  The Dahae lost at least   men  This put an end to the rebellion in those parts","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2018,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had subdued all Sogdiana for the second time  he returned to Maracanda  An ambassador from the king of the Scythians who lived on the European side north of the Bosphorus came to Alexander with a present and offered him his daughter in marriage  Alexander mentions this in his letter to Antipater as I said previously  If Alexander declined the proposal  the ambassador s alternate plan was to have Alexander allow his Macedonian nobles to marry into the principal houses of the Scythians  The ambassador offered that if Alexander wished  he would come in person to receive his commands from Alexander","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2019,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Phrataphernes or Pharoemenus  who commanded the Chorasmians who bordered on the countries of the Massagetae and Dahae sent his messengers to let them know that he was ready to receive Alexander s commands  After he graciously heard both the ambassador s and the governor s errands  Alexander stayed there waiting for the return of Hephaestion and Craterus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2020,"EventTxt":"As soon as Hephaestion and Craterus came  Alexander with his army attacked the country of Bazaria or Bazistis  Here was virgin forest in which a huge lion attacked the king by chance  Lysimachus  who was later the king of Thracia  offered to interpose himself with his hunting spear but the king would not allow it and asked him to stand aside  When the lion came on  Alexander held his ground and slew him with only one blow  After his army slew some   wild beasts in that forest  he with all his army had a great feast in the woods","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2021,"EventTxt":"When Alexander returned to Maracanda  Artabazus resigned as governor of Bactria by reason of his age  Alexander gave the command of it to an old soldier of his father s  called Clitus  the son of Dropidas of Macedon  the brother of Hellanica or Lanica  Alexander s nurse  She was a woman whom he always respected and loved as his own mother  In a dream  he happened to see himself in mourning and sitting among Parmenion s sons who had died previous to this","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2022,"EventTxt":"The  rd day after this dream was a holiday to Bacchus when Alexander usually offered the yearly sacrifice to him  Now someone at that time had brought him apples from Greece  He wondered at the fresh colour and good appearance of them  He sent for Clitus to show him the apples and to give him some of them  Clitus left the sacrifice which he was about to make  As he was going quickly to the king  he was followed by   sheep which were already prepared to be offered having meal and salt on their heads  When the king heard of this he asked his two principal soothsayers  Aristander and Cleomenes the Spartan  what this meant  They told him that it was an abominable sign and Alexander remembered his dream  He ordered them to go quickly and offer a sacrifice for him  Clitus came to the feast which the king made  Alexander had sacrificed to Castor and Pollux  When he was quite drunk  he began to brag greatly about his acts and devalue the deeds of his father Philip  Most who were at the feast applauded him  However  Clitus on the other hand upheld the deeds of Philip and spoke honourably of his achievements and decried the present times  He sometimes said some disgraceful things about Alexander  Alexander rose in a rage and intended to kill Clitus  He  according to Aristobulus  escaped out the back door and left the trenches and got into the fort to Ptolemy the son of Lagus  Both of them returned to the feast and Clitus sat again in the same seat  Ptolemy saw Alexander as he was calling out for Clitus  He said that here is Clitus and what do you want to do with him  Thereupon Alexander ran Clitus through with his spear and slew him","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2023,"EventTxt":"Later when Alexander considered the foulness of this act  he grew as angry with himself as he formerly had been with Clitus  He resolved to make amends and therefore shut himself up   whole days and did not have food or drink nor took any care at all of what became of him","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2024,"EventTxt":"When he had now continued fasting into the  th day  the captains of his bodyguard broke in on him  After a long time  they were able to persuade him to eat again  His soothsayers told him that this happened because he did not sacrifice to Bacchus  Therefore  he soon went and sacrificed to him  He was glad to hear that this event came from the anger of the gods rather than from the malice of his heart  Aristander reminded him of his dream and of the sheep  He told Alexander that what was done  was done by fate and could not have been avoided  Calisthenes the philosopher agreed with Aristander in this  Anaxarchus of Abdera  a subtil teacher  went much further in this shameless flattery  He quoted an old proverb that Justice always sits at Jupiter s elbow  From that he concluded that whatever kings did  was to be taken as right and just  To lift Alexander s spirits  all the Macedonians unanimously declared that Clitus was treated fairly and justly put to death  They would have forbidden his burial  if the king himself had not ordered it to be done","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2025,"EventTxt":"When he had spent   days in settling his mind over this  he sent Hephaestion with a part of his army into Bactria  He was to prepare his winter quarters there  Alexander made Amyntas  the son of Nicolaus the governor of Bactria to which Clitus was intended to be  He left Caenus there with his own and Meleager s brigade  He left   of his fellow cavaliers and spearmen on horseback  with the Bactrians and Sogdians  who were under the command of Amyntas  Alexander ordered everyone to obey Caenus and to spend that winter in Sogdiana  He wanted to keep order in that country and hoped to capture Spitamenes if he happened to come for his winter provisions into those parts   Arrian","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2026,"EventTxt":"Alexander journeyed to Xenippa which bordered on Scythia where the Bactrians who had revolted from him had retired to  As soon as it was known that Alexander was coming  the natives ordered them to get out  Therefore  they gathered into a body of   cavalry and attacked Amyntas  a commander of Alexander s  There was a fierce and long skirmish between them  They fled after losing   men and having had   taken prisoner  They had killed   Macedonians and wounded   more  However  when they yielded to Alexander again  they were pardoned","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2027,"EventTxt":"After this  Alexander went with his army to a place called Naura or Nautaca  Sisimithres  its governor  had two sons born from his own mother  With those people  it was lawful for children to have intercourse with their parents  Sisimithres had taken the gates or passes which open through the mountains into his own country  With a strong force he had well fortified the pass which was naturally well defended by a most swift and violent river through it      and had a huge rock at the back of it   Curt        c      Arrian says that this rock was at Parataca and was     miles high and about     miles in circumference  He calls the name of the rock  Chorienes  after the name of him that kept it  However  Strabo  together with Curtius and Plutarch  calls it Sisimithres  Rock and locates it in Bactria  They say it was almost   miles high and   miles in circumference  It had a large plain on the top of it of good land and well able to support   men  They also say that on the rock  not on that other rock in Sogdiana  Oxyartes had his daughter Roxane whom afterward Alexander made his wife   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2028,"EventTxt":"Although Alexander saw this pass was naturally well fortified and strongly defended  his battering rams quickly made a breach in the fortifications  He entered the outer fortifications and approached the rock  At the base of the rock there was a vast bog caused by the rain which fell from the rock and was trapped there  He did not know how to fill it up quickly  Meanwhile  he had the beech trees which grew in abundance there  cut and made into long stakes which his army drove down into the bog  All the day long he stayed to encourage the work  Perdiccas and Leonatus  and Ptolemy the son of Lagus  the captains of his personal guard divided the rest of the army into   parts and continued the work at night  They could not advance more than   feet by day and less by night even though all the army incessantly worked at it  The rock was so craggy and the work was very difficult","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2029,"EventTxt":"At that time Oxyartes  a great man of that country  a prince and the father of Roxane  was with Alexander  When Alexander asked him about the spirit and courage of Sisimithres  he replied that he was the most cowardly man that ever lived  Alexander replied  vv Surely you have said enough to teach me that this rock is possible to be taken since you tell me that the one defending it is so weak","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2030,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Oxyartes to Sisimithres to immediately demand him to surrender with his mother  children and all that were dear to him  Sisimithres surrendered immediately  Alexander with   of his silver targeteers  went up into the rock to view its situation and strength  When he had offered sacrifices to Minerva and Victoria  he left Sisimithres as the governor of that fort and the surrounding country as he was before  Alexander gave him hope of a greater dominion  if he performed well and faithfully in this command  At Sisimithres  request  Alexander took along his two sons to serve Alexander in the wars","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2031,"EventTxt":"He left his Macedonian squadron to capture the other places which had revolted from him  He advanced with his cavalry up a steep and a rocky way  He had not gone far  but all his cavalry horses were exhausted by the journey and could not follow him any further  Each day  his company became fewer and fewer  Also the young gallants who never wished to be far from him  stayed behind all except Philip  the brother of Lysimachus  He was wearing his full body armour and other arms  an incredible thing to do  Although he was on foot  he kept up with the king for over   miles  although the king rode and often changed his horse  They came into a woods where the enemy attacked the king  Philip stepped between them and rescued Alexander from that danger  The barbarians were routed and the woods cleared of them  When they were gone  Philip fainted from over exertion and fell down between the king s own hands and died  No sooner had this happened then Alexander was told that Erigyius  was one of his greatest captains  was killed  He had both their funerals to be observed with all the honour that might be given them","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2032,"EventTxt":"Spitamenes with a rabble of   wild Scythians who followed him  came to Gabae  It was a strong town of the Sogdians that was located between the Sogdians and the Massagetae  He easily persuaded them to join with him and to plunder the country of the Sogdians  When Coenus heard of his coming  he attacked him with his army and killed   of them  He lost only  of his cavalry and   of his foot soldiers  The Sogdians who escaped along with some Bactrians  deserted Spitamenes on the way and surrendered to Coenus","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2033,"EventTxt":"When the Massageraean Scythians saw how poorly things went  they plundered all the carriages of the Bactrians and Sogdians and accompanied Spitamenes into the deserts of Scythia  He heard that Alexander came after them and planned to follow them into those very deserts  They decapitated Spitamenes and sent his head to Alexander and hoped by this to make him stop chasing them   Arrian         However  Curtius         c      writes  that when Alexander was not far off  Spitamenes  own wife met him with her husband s head in her hand  When he saw it he abhorred the sight and had her put out of the camp least the foulness of such an act might corrupt his Greeks with these barbarian ways","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2034,"EventTxt":"When the Dahae heard what had become of Spitamenes  they took Dataphernes the principal author of that revolt and delivered him bound to Alexander  They submitted to Alexander  Coenus  Craterus with Phrataphernes  governor of the Parthians and Stasanor governor of the Arians returned to Alexander at Nautaca when they had completed their missions","YearBCAD":-329,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4385,"Dating":"3676a AM, 4385 JP, 329 BC"}
{"Index":2035,"EventTxt":"Alexander rested his army at Nautaca because it was now the middle of winter  Arrian expresses this  in the strength of winter  He thought about how to avenge the soldiers wrongs  which they had suffered through the pride and avarice of their officers  Thereupon he ordered Phrataphernes to go into to Hircania and the countries of the Mardi and Tapuri  He wanted him to bring Phradates who was the governor there  Alexander had often sent for him based on complaints he received  but he would not come  Phrataphernes was to bring him to Alexander under a sufficient guard","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676b AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2036,"EventTxt":"He removed Arsanes from the government of the Drangi and put Stasanor in his place  Arsace   according to Curtius  or Atropates  according to Arrian  was made governor over Media to replace Oxidates  The king thought that Oxidates was not loyal to him  The province of Babylon  after the death of Mazaens was committed to Deditamenes  or  to Stamines  according to Arrian   Sopolis and Epocillus and Menedas  were sent into Macedonia to bring him a fresh supply of soldiers from there","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676b AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2037,"EventTxt":"Three months after this  he started to march into a country called Gabaza  The third day into the journey  there was a dreadful storm and it was extremely cold  His whole army was in danger of perishing in this storm  Curtius         c      describes this event in great detail  He tells of the fierceness of the storm and the king s fortitude in enduring it  He showed his wisdom and humanity in keeping the army together and comforting the poor weather beaten soldiers in that distress  However  about   perished of the poorer sort of soldiers  the support personal and hangers on  Curtius adds further  that which is recorded by Valerius Maximus         c     and by Julius Frontinus        Stratag  c       While Alexander was warming himself at a fire  a common soldier of the Macedonians  half frozen with cold and benumbed in his wits no less than in his limbs  pushed his way to his fire  Alexander took him and set him down in his own chair and told him that would be for his good  In Persia  anyone who sat in the king s chair was executed","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676b AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2038,"EventTxt":"The next day  he called his friends and captains together  he made a proclamation that whatever any man had lost in that storm  he would personally make it good again to him  This he did to the smallest detail  For example  Sisimithres had brought along with him many beasts of burden  draught animals    camels  whole flocks of sheep and herds of beasts  These were distributed among the army  These compensated them for their losses and saved them from the famine  Thereupon the king  declaring publicly how much he was beholding to Sisimithres for that courtesy  He ordered every soldier to take   days  of food with him  They went to capture the Sacae who had revolted from him  When they had gathered all the spoil of that country  Alexander gave Sisimithres from the spoil     head of cattle","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676b AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2039,"EventTxt":"Alexander married Roxane  the daughter of Oxyartes  Strabo reports this to have been done in the rock or fort of Sisimithres when it was first surrendered to him          Many of his Macedonians followed Alexanders  example and married foreign wives from the more illustrious families of the foreign countries   Diod  Sic        in several chapters","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2040,"EventTxt":"Now he thought wholly about the war on India  So that everything would be safe and quiet behind him  he conscripted from every province      men  whom he planned to take with him into India  They would serve as soldiers and for pledges of their fidelity whom he left behind  He moved into Bactria and he sent Craterus with   of his fellow cavaliers  his own foot soldiers with the regiments under Polysperchon  Attalus and Alcaetas  They were to pursue Anstanes and Catanes who only remained of the rebels of Paratacene  There was a great battle fought between them  Catanes was killed and Austaces was taken prisoner and brought alive to Alexander  The Greeks lost   cavalry and about   foot soldiers  After this Craterus went into Bactria and Polysperchon subdued the country of Bubacene for the king","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2041,"EventTxt":"Alexander assumed divinity and affirmed that he was the son of Jupiter  He was no longer to be addressed in the Macedonian custom but would be adored with prostration after the fashion of the Persian kings  There were plenty of court flatterers to feed this desire of Alexander  These are the curse of all kings and by whose tongues more kings have perished than by the sword of their enemies   Curt        c      The main ones around Alexander were Agis of Argos  the worst flatterer that ever was after Choerilus  There was Cleo of Sicilia and Anaxarchus  an orator  Calisthenes  an honest philosopher and a scholar of Aristotle opposed Alexander in this and he paid for it with his life","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2042,"EventTxt":"Hermolaus was a gallant youth and one of the king s company of pages  and instructed in the basics of philosophy by Calisthenes  He was once hunting with the king and slew a boar which the king had aimed at  Upon this  the king commanded him to be taken away and whipped  The youth took this badly and started a conspiracy to kill Alexander  First he conspired with Sopater  the son of Amyntas  a youth like himself the same rank  Then he conspired with Antipater  the son of Asclepiodorus  governor of Syria and others of the same company of pages  When the conspiracy was exposed by Epimenes one of the conspirators  they were all executed and Epimenes was rewarded  Alexander in his letters to Craterus  Alcetas and Attalus  written at that time stated that they had confessed that the conspiracy was among themselves only without the encouragement of anyone else  However  in another letter written later to Calisthenes  he charges him as being the author of it and he observes that Aristotle  whose first cousin was mother to Calisthenes states  vv The youths indeed were stoned to death by the Macedonians but that orator I myself will punish and those who sent him and any who received them that conspire against me into their towns","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2043,"EventTxt":"When he had seized Calisthenes  he kept him in irons for   months to have him judged and condemned in a court of justice when Aristotle would be present  Chares the Mitilenian tells us that when Alexander was in the country of the Mallians and Oxydracans in India  he was recovering from a wound received in a fight    months had passed since the conspiracy  Calisthenes who was a fat man  became sick of the Pthiriasis  or lowsie disease and died of it  However  Aristobulus and Ptolemy state that the pages confessed upon the rack that Calisthenes had put them up to it  Again  the same Ptolemy says that Calisthenes was first racked and later hanged  However  Aristobulus says that he was carried about with the army in chains and so died  So we see that these great authors and who were present in the army and waited on Alexander at the very time when these things happened do not agree with each other  However  there is no doubt about the time when this happened","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2044,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Amyntas in Bactria with   cavalry and     foot soldiers  Toward the middle of spring  according to Arrian  Alexander moved with his army from there toward India to make the ocean and utmost border of the east  the boundary of his empire  He prepared his army in their attire for this great plan of his  He had all their shields covered with silver plate and their horse bridles made of beaten gold  Their very body armour he had enriched with gold or silver  He had     men with him on the Indian expedition","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2045,"EventTxt":"Alexander crossed the Caucasus Mountains in   days and came to his city of Alexandria which he had built in Paropanisus  He replaced its governor for his bad behaviour and relocated more people into his new city from the neighbouring countries  Any Macedonians who were unserviceable for the war were allowed to live here  He made Nicanor  governor of the city and made Tyriaspes commander of the whole region of Paropamisus and of all that territory as far as the river Cophene","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2046,"EventTxt":"From there he went to the city of Nicaea and sacrificed to Minerva  He then marched to the river of Cophene and sent an herald who ordered Taxiles and the rest of the governors of the countries lying between Cophene and the Indus River to come to him","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676c AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2047,"EventTxt":"Taxiles and other petty kings under his government came and met Alexander  They received his orders and told him that he was now the  rd son of Jupiter that had come into those parts  They had only heard of Father Bacchus and Hercules but they were happy to see him now personally present among them  They therefore brought him rich presents and promised him to send   elephants  Alexander entertained them very graciously and asked them to go with him to be his guides through the passes of that country","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2048,"EventTxt":"When he saw that no one else came  he divided his army and sent Hephaestion and Perdiccas into the country called Pencelaotis toward the river Indus  The armies led by Gorgias  Clitus and Meleager and half the company of his fellow cavaliers and all the mercenary cavalry were told to capture any town they found by any means  When they came to the bank of the Indus River  they should start building boats to cross over it into further countries  Taxiles was sent with them and other commanders of those parts","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2049,"EventTxt":"The governor of the country of Peucelaitis revolted and died in the city which he resorted to  Hephaestion came and besieged it and after a month s time took and sacked it  The governor was killed and Sangaeus was made governor of it  Before Sangaeus had defected from Astes had fled to Taxiles  This act helped Alexander trust him all the more","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2050,"EventTxt":"Alexander  with his troop of silver targeteers  the cavalry of his fellow cavaliers  Hephaestion with the troop of those who were called Assateri  his archers  Agrians and javelin man  marched into the country of the Aspians  Thyraeans and Arasocans  He journeyed to the Choes River  This way was mostly mountainous and rocky  When he crossed that river  he commanded Craterus to come after him with the foot soldiers  He took the whole body of his cavalry and   Macedonians  targeteers on horseback and marched quickly away  He had heard that the people of that country had fled  some to the mountains and others to fortified cities  They all planned to fight with him","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2051,"EventTxt":"Those who came to oppose him  Alexander easily routed and drove them back into the town by the way they came out  He easily defeated the townsmen  who stood all in battle array before their walls and made them take refuge within their walls again  Craterus came with the foot soldiers  Therefore to strike the greatest terror into the minds of a nation which did not know what manner of men the Macedonians were  he ordered the army to spare no life  They set fire to the outer works which they had made  As Alexander rode about the walls  an arrow wounded him through his armour into the shoulder but it was a minor wound  Ptolemy and Leonatas were both wounded at the same time  Then Alexander saw a place where the wall was the weakest  He pitched his camp against it  Early the next day in the morning  he easily took the outer wall which was of no great strength  At the inner wall  the inhabitants made some resistance  When the Macedonians had scaled the walls and the townsmen felt the arrows showering down upon them  the soldiers within broke out of the gates and ran every which way to the nearby mountains  Many of them escaped and saved themselves there  The Macedonians followed them and overtook and slew the greater number of them  The townsmen that were left behind  were all killed and the city levelled to the ground","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2052,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had subdued another weak country  he advanced to the city Nisa  It was located at the foot of a hill called Meros and was said to have been built in old times by Bacchus  By the entreaty of Acuphis  the chief man of the place  who was sent to him with   other leaders  he spared the inhabitants of Nisa  They were only commanded to give him   horses  When this was done  he restored their freedom and allowed them to live after their own laws and made Acuphis governor of the city and the province of Nisa  Alexander took Acuphis  son and grandchild for hostages  He sacrificed there to Bacchus under the name of Dionysius  He made merry and feasted his friends and all his Macedonians  They wore garlands of ivy on their heads and sang praises to Dionysius with all his titles and names  Calling him Bacchus  Bromius and Lyaus  Born of the fire  twice born and not like others  But the only one that ever had two mothers","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2053,"EventTxt":"Ovid speaks of him in like manner although on a different occasion   Ovid      Metamorph   See also Philostratus in Vita Apollonii         c","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2054,"EventTxt":"From there he went to a country called Dadala  All the inhabitants had fled to the woods and mountains  Therefore he went through Acadera which was also deserted by the inhabitants","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2055,"EventTxt":"When the city Ardacena surrendered  he left Craterus there with other commanders of the foot soldiers  They were to capture places that did not voluntarily surrender and to order matters there as they saw fit","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2056,"EventTxt":"Alexander with his silver targeteers and his squadron of Agrians and Caenus and Attalus their brigades and the body of his own cavalry and at most four companies of his fellow cavaliers and the one half of his archers on horseback  went to the river of Euaspla  Here the governor of the Aspians was  After a long journey  the  nd day he came with his army to a city called Arigaeum  As soon as the inhabitants heard that he was coming  they set their city on fire and fled to the mountains  The Macedonians chased them and slew a vast number of them  Ptolemy killed their captain in hand to hand combat and brought his armour with him","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2057,"EventTxt":"Alexander came with his foot soldiers which rode on horse back  They got off their horses and attacked the natives  After a long skirmish  the natives were forced to flee for refuge to the mountains  Craterus came to Alexander with the main body of the army when he had fully completed the task he was sent on  Alexander commanded him to rebuild Arigaeum which the inhabitants had burnt and to repopulate it with the people from the nearby places who wanted to live there and with those Macedonians who were no longer fit for military service  Alexander went to the place where he heard that natives had fled to  When he came to the foot of a mountain  he pitched his camp there","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2058,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Ptolemy  who was sent foraging  went further on with a small troop to discover what was ahead  He sent word back to Alexander that there seemed to be more fires in the enemy s camp than there were in Alexander s camp  Thereupon Alexander left part of his army in the camp and went with the rest to view those fires for himself  When he had examined the situation well  he divided the company which he brought with him into three parts  One part he gave to Leonatus  one of the captains of his bodyguard with the brigade of Attalus and Balaerus  The second one he ordered Ptolemy to take charge of  He gave him a third part of his own Argyraspides or silver targeteers  the brigade of Philip and Philoras with   archers  all the Agrians and half of the whole cavalry  The third part he led himself to a place where he saw was the largest number of the enemy  The enemy had confidence in their numbers and supposed the Macedonians to be but few in number  They left the mountain and came down into the plain  After a bloody battle was fought  the Macedonians won  Ptolemy  who led one of the three brigades of Macedonians  reports  that there were taken in the that fight  almost     prisoners and more than     cattle  Alexander selected the best of the cattle and sent them back to Macedon  to breed there for the tillage of the ground","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3676,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3676d AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2059,"EventTxt":"From there Alexander went into the country of the Assacenians who were said to have mustered   cavalry    foot soldiers and   elephants to fight with him  It was said also  that Assacenus   which as it seems  was the common name which all their kings went by  recently died  His mother Cleophis  commanded all that force","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2060,"EventTxt":"When Craterus had finished rebuilding the city  Arigaeum  he brought all his heavily armed foot soldiers to Alexander with battering rams and other equipment for a siege  if it was required  Alexander advanced with the cavalry of his fellow cavaliers  his javelin soldiers on horseback  with Coenus  and Polysperchon s companies  with   Agrians and the archers toward the Assacenoans  He marched through the country of the Guraeans and had great trouble crossing the Guraeus River  When the natives heard of his coming  they dared not fight him in one body but divided their army and dispersed themselves  Each went into the their cities and planned to make a stand there","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2061,"EventTxt":"First  Alexander went with his army to Massaga  It was the largest city of the Assacenian country and enclosed with a wall of about     miles      men defended it which included  ercenaries from the inner parts of India  These came to fight at the foot of a hill about a mile from the Guraeus River and were forced to flee back into their city when they lost about   men  Shortly after this  Alexander drew up his main battle line of the Macedonians before the gates of the city  He was wounded in his thigh by an arrow shot from the wall  In pain he cried out that they told him he was Jupiter s son but when he was wounded  he felt pain like any another man  He added  as Plutarch in his book of Alexander s fortune writes  that when he saw the blood running down his body he cited a saying from Homer in his  th book of his Iliad  that this was blood indeed  but not  vv Such blood as from the blessed gods doth flow","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2062,"EventTxt":"After   days of the siege  the courage of the defenders began to weaken  They saw Alexander s works  the incessant labour of the besiegers  what vast valleys they filled up  what towers they built and how they made them run upon wheels  However when their captain was shot through with an arrow from a battering ram their courage failed completely  They gave up of holding out any longer and retired into their citadel  From there they sent messengers to beg for a pardon and to surrender  Cleophis  the queen with a great multitude of noble ladies  all pouring wine into golden basins  came out to Alexander  The queen lay her young son at his feet and obtained not only his pardon but she was restored to her father s kingdom  This was owning more to her good looks than to Alexander s generousity  For men commonly said  that all that was but the fee of a night s lodging and that she got her kingdom again by her allurements which she could not do by force  After that among the Indians  she went by the name of the king s concubine  In that siege Alexander lost not more than   men","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2063,"EventTxt":"The Indians in the seige who were hired from the inner parts of India caused Alexander more trouble than all the rest  According to the terms of the truce  they were allowed to depart with their arms  However  they camped about   miles from there  When Alexander was told of this  he was very angry with them and attacked them  He said that he indeed allowed them to depart with their arms but not that they should ever use them against the Macedonians  The Indians were not aware of the greatness of their danger  They locked themselves close together and formed a ring and placed their wives and children into the middle of the circle  When the enemy attacked  they withstood them very courageously  If any man was slain  the women took up their arms and took his place in the ring  At last they were overcome by the numbers of the enemy and they all died in that place  Alexander gave the women and the rest of the rabble who were left to his cavalry  This massacre of the Indians blemished Alexander s glory and remained as a spot on all his former noble actions","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2064,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Coenus to a strong and rich city called Bazira  Alexander supposed that the inhabitants would readily submit when they heard what happened at Assacan  However  they refused to surrender  He sent Alcaetas  Attalus and Demetrius general of the cavalry to besiege the city Ora until he came  The inhabitants made an attack on Alcaetas but the Macedonians easily pushed them back and quickly besieged them on that side  Alexander heard that Abissarus would secretly move more of the natives in to defend it  Alexander sent word to Caenus to build a strong citadel there and leave a large enough garrison in it to prevent the natives from tilling their ground  He was to return to Alexander with the rest of the army","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2065,"EventTxt":"The inhabitants of Bazira saw that Caenus had gone with most of his army and left the rest in the citadel  They went out into the open field for battle  When   were killed and   more taken prisoners  the rest returned into the city  They were more securely besieged than before and did not venture out of the gates","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2066,"EventTxt":"Alexander took the city Ora at the first assault and took as many elephants as he found there  When the inhabitants of Bazira heard this  they were afraid of being taken also  Therefore  in the dead of the night  they all fled out of the gates and got up into a rock called Aornus  The rest of the cities in the area did likewise  Every man went there with his weapons  Alexander put garrisons in Ora and Massaga  He strengthened the walls of Bazira and captured the towns which the inhabitants had abandoned","YearBCAD":-328,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4386,"Dating":"3677a AM, 4386 JP, 328 BC"}
{"Index":2067,"EventTxt":"When Taxiles died  his son Omphis or Mophis who had persuaded his father to submit to Alexander  sent to him to know his pleasure  He wanted to know if he would be the next king or live a private man till Alexander came  Although word was returned to him that he should reign  yet he held off for the present  Meanwhile  when Hephaestion and Perdiccas were sent to make a bridge over the Indus River  came that way  Omphis received them with all honours and freely furnished them with provisions  However he did not go out to meet them on the way least he should seem to depend on any man for favour but Alexander himself","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2068,"EventTxt":"When Alexander came to Embolyma  a city not far from the rock Aornus  he left Craterus with some of the army there  He ordered him to make provisions of grain and other necessaries for a long time in case the siege of Aornus lasted a long time and he was not able to capture it on the first attack  Alexander took his Agrians  archers  Caenus  brigade  from the Macedonian squadron such as were of the nimblest sort and best armed    of his cavaliers and   archers on horseback and marched to the rock","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2069,"EventTxt":"According to legend  when Hercules was in those parts  he tried to take that place but could not because he was thwarted by an earthquake  Alexander was all the more eager to take the rock and outdo Hercules  According to Diod  Sic  the rock was about     miles in circumference and   miles high  Arrian says that the rock was     miles in circumference and at its lowest point it was about     miles high  At the foot of it toward the south  the Indus River ran not far from its source   Strabo         The rest was covered with vast bogs and inaccessible cliffs  In one of the cliffs a poor old man with his two sons lived in a cave where three beds were cut out of the rock  Alexander promised him   talents if he would show him a way up the rock  Thereupon he told him there was but one way and showed him where it was  When Alexander found no way other but that one  he manned that place so strongly that those on the rock could not possibly receive any relief from others  Then he put his army to work  He cast up a mound of earth and rubbish so high that now he could come at least to fight with them at closer range  He launched an assault on them which lasted   whole days and nights without cessation  Alexander lost many of his men in the fighting and in climbing the rocks  Among those who died  were Chares and a person called Alexander  Although he had no hope of taking it yet he pretended to carry on the siege but left one passage which led to the rock open for them to flee  Those on the rock were overcome by his persistency and resolution  They took the advantage of a dark night and all fled from the rock","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2070,"EventTxt":"When the king saw no activities on the rock the next day  he sent Balacrus to see what had happened  He brought word that the enemy was all gone  Then Alexander took some of the captains of his bodyguard and   of his silver targeteers and went up onto the rock first  The rest of the Macedonians followed lending one another a hand to climb up as well as they could  Alexander then ordered them to pursue the enemy  This they did and killed many of them in the chase  Many fell over the rocks and were dashed to pieces  When Alexander had conquered the place  he offered many sacrifices  and built altars to Minerva and Victoria on the rock  He left a garrison there and made Sisicoptus or Sisocostus  the governor of that place and country around it  Sisocostus had come previously from India to Bessus in Bactria  When Alexander had subdued Bactria  Sisocostus came in with his men to Alexander and served him faithfully after that","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2071,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Aornus and went into the country of the Assaceni  He was told that the brother of Assaecanus  the last king  with a number of elephants and number of the inhabitants and bordering nations were fled to the mountains in those parts  When Alexander came to the city of Dirta  he found no one there  nor in the surrounding country side","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2072,"EventTxt":"The next day he sent out Nearchus with   silver targeteers  He assigned to Nearchus some lightly armed Agrians  Antiochus was given   silver targeteers  These were sent out as scouts and to see if they could find any of the natives of whom they might enquire among other things  about the elephants","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2073,"EventTxt":"Alexander marched forward to the bank of the Indus River  He sent an army before him to clear his way  Otherwise it would have been impossible for him to have gone through  When he found that its narrow passes were controlled by Erix  he left Coenus to bring the main body of the army later at a less strenuous pace  Alexander advanced with his slingers and archers  cleared the forest and made a safe way for the army that followed later  Diodorus calls this Indian  Aphrices and says that he had with him     men and   elephants  Whether from a hatred to this Erix or Aphrices  or whether to ingratiate themselves with Alexander  the Indians killed him and brought his head and arms to Alexander  He pardoned them but did not thank them lest others follow their example","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2074,"EventTxt":"In   days he came to the Indus River  He captured the city Penceliotes not far from there which surrendered to him  He left Philippus with a garrison of Macedonians there to keep order  He subdued also a number of smaller towns that were along the river  Cophaeus and Assagetes  the governors of that country attended him as he went from place to place  Alexander learned from some natives whom he had taken prisoner that the men of that country were all gone to Barisades  or perhaps Abisarus  and that the elephants were left grazing on the banks of the Indus River  Thereupon he ordered them to show him the way to the place where the elephants were  They caught all but two which fell over the rocks and died  The rest were taken and trained for service and were added to his army  He found good trees for timber there  He ordered them cut down to make boats with  When the boats were launched  he went in them to the bridge of boats which Hephaestion and Perdiaccas had built for him  Since they saw that they would have more rivers to cross  they made their boats so they could be easily disassembled and carried on carts  Besides these boats  they built two others of   oars a piece and many more smaller craft","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2075,"EventTxt":"Alexander stayed there   days to rest his army  In that time he offered magnificent sacrifices to his gods and entertained his cavalry and foot soldiers by the river side  He made one of his friends  Nicanor  governor of all that region on this side Indus  After this he crossed the river by the bridge that was made at Pencolaites  Strabo         with his army  Again he sacrificed to his gods after the manner of the Greeks  Alexander came into the region which lies between the Indus and the Hydaspes River in the beginning of the spring  This is noted by Aristobulus who was with him then and by Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677b AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2076,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was about   miles away  Omphis the son of Taxiles met him with an army and elephants spaced at equal distances among the companies  At first Alexander did not know whether he came as a friend or a foe and prepared for a fight  When Omphis saw Alexander s actions  he halted his army and rode quickly by himself to Alexander and surrendered both himself and his kingdom  which was not much bigger than Egypt  into his hands  When Alexander asked him whether he had mostly labourers or soldiers in his kingdom he replied that he was at war with two kings  Hence he must of necessity keep more soldiers than labourers in his kingdom  His enemies were Abisarus and Porus who reigned on the other side of the Hydaspes River  With Alexander s permission  Omphis assumed title and position of a king  After the custom of his country  he was called by the name of Taxiles  for that name goes with the kingdom with whoever rules it","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2077,"EventTxt":"The city Taxila from which the king is named after  is the largest of all the other cities lying between the Indus and Hydaspes Rivers  All its inhabitants with Omphis entertained Alexander very joyfully  On the  th day after his arrival there  Omphis told Alexander what grain he furnished Hephaestion for his army  He presented both Alexander and all his friends with crowns of pure gold  In addition he gave them a large number of cattle    oxen and almost     sheep  Arrian adds  that he sent Alexander   Indian cavalry and   talents of silver  Curtius mentions only   talents of silver ingots","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2078,"EventTxt":"Alexander was very impressed with this entertainment and sent him back his   talents of silver with   talents more of his own  He also sent many dinner plates of gold and silver with a great deal of Persian attire and   of his own horses with their equipment  Alexander s liberality pleased and obliged Omphis to loyalty  It greatly offended his friends  One of those  Meleager was eating at supper and was quite drunk  He told Alexander that he was very glad to see that he found a man here in India whom he thought worthy of   talents  Alexander remembering what penance he had done for Clitus  did not seek revenge but only said  vv Envious men were nothing else but their own worst tormentors","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2079,"EventTxt":"The next day  Abisarus  king of the Indian mountaineers sent his own brother to him with other ambassadors to present him with money and elephants  He submitted himself and all that he had to Alexander s disposition and pleasure  When Alexander had made a firm league with him  he sent them back again to him  Also ambassadors with presents came to him from Doxareus  a governor in those parts","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2080,"EventTxt":"In the country of Taxila  Alexander offered again his usual sacrifices and made shows and contests with his cavalry and foot soldiers  He left Philippus the son of Machates  to be the governor in those parts with a garrison in the city  He left behind in the country of Taxila those of his army that were unfit for military service  He then went on toward the Hydaspes River","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2081,"EventTxt":"Alexander thought his fame would make Porus readily submit to him  He sent a message to him by Cleochares to require tribute of him and to order him to meet Alexander at the border of his kingdom  Porus answered that one of these two things he would not fail to do  He would meet him at the border of his kingdom with his army","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2082,"EventTxt":"There was another Porus a king of a neighbouring country in India  He was the nephew of the other Porus  Because he hated his uncle  he sent ambassadors to Alexander and offered himself and all his kingdom to his service","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2083,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent back Caenus to the Indus River with orders to dismantle the boats and bring them overland in carts to him  The smaller boats came apart in   sections  the larger were in   sections  They were all brought to the Hydaspes River","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2084,"EventTxt":"When they were reassembled and launched  he used them to return to Taxila with his army  He received   Indians whom Taxiles and others had brought to him  He returned to the banks of the Hydaspes River  On the way  Barzaentes who was governor of the Drangians at times and the instigator of the revolt of the Arachosians was taken prisoner and brought to Alexander along with   of his elephants  This was a great prize for the Indians trusted more in their beasts than in their men  Gamaxus  a petty king in those parts and a confederate of Barzaentes  was taken and brought bound to him  Both were committed to prison and the elephants enlisted into Alexander s service and sent to Taxiles or Omphis  Alexander advanced and came to Hydaspes where he had executed Barzaentes for his old treason against his master Darius   Arrian       p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2085,"EventTxt":"Porus was camped on the other side of the Hydaspes River  He planned to stop Alexander  He was a man of large statue and a brilliant mind  He was said to be five cubits high      feet  although Plutarch says that he was but four cubits high and a hand breadth    feet   inches   His body was so big that his coat of armour was twice as large as any other man s  He rode upon an elephant taller than all the rest on which he sat like an ordinary man on horseback  Curtius says that in the forefront of his battle he placed   large elephants  Diodorus says he had    Arrian says that he had almost    He had   chariots and     foot soldiers in his army  Diodorus states that he had more than   chariots and     thousand foot soldiers  although Plutarch says he had     soldiers and   cavalry  Diodorus says   and Arrian   cavalry  The Hydaspes River ran between the two armies  Porus with his elephants always appeared at the head of his army and was ready to hinder the crossing of Alexander  Alexander had noises daily to be made in his army to make the similar noises from the barbarians more normal and therefore less terrible to his men  After a while  in a stormy dark night  he crossed over the river with certain of his foot soldiers and most choice cavalry  He crossed way up the river onto a small island in the midst of the violent thunderstorm  Although  he saw some of his men hit by lightning and others seriously hurt  he was determined to cross and hide on the other side  The river was swollen with the rain and undermined its banks in many places with the swiftness of its current  Alexander got to land  where he could hardly stand for the unstableness of the ground and the undermining of the banks  When the Macedonians saw this  they also forced themselves to land being up to their very arm pits in water","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2086,"EventTxt":"When he crossed the river  he went ahead of his foot soldiers some     miles with his cavalry  He engaged   enemy cavalry and   chariots  He captured all the chariots and   cavalry  When Porus learned that Alexander had crossed the river  he attacked him with all the troops he had except the ones he left to take care of the Macedonian army that had not yet crossed over  Alexander feared the number of the enemy and their elephants  He attacked one wing of them and commanded the rest to attack the other wing  When the natives were hard pressed anywhere  they always retired in a group to the elephants as a place of refuge  The fight grew confused everywhere and Alexander could scarcely route them until about   p m  Alexander described the battle in detail in his own letters","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2087,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus says that in the former of these two fights he killed   cavalry and captured  chariots and Porus  son was killed in the fight  However  Ptolemy states when the forces who were sent out under Porus  son  he was killed in the fight  Ptolemy says the forces which were sent out with Porus  son were twice as many as Alexander mentions in his letter  Ptolemy says they attacked with   cavalry and   chariots  Concerning the latter engagement which was fought with Porus  Alexander does not go into detail  Arrian gives more information concerning the number killed  The Indians lost almost     men and   cavalry  All their chariots were scattered  two of Porus  sons were killed  Spitarches who commanded all that region of India and all the captains both of the elephants and chariots and of his cavalry and foot soldiers were killed in the battle  All the elephants which were not killed in the fight were captured  Of Alexander s foot soldiers  he lost   of the   engaged in the first battle  He lost   of the archers on horseback  which led the first assault    of his fellow cavaliers and   cavalry  Diodorus states that about     died including the two sons of Porus  all the chief commanders of his army and bravest captains that he had    prisoners were taken and   elephants captured    of the Macedonian cavalry died along with more than   foot soldiers","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2088,"EventTxt":"When Porus was taken  Alexander asked him how he wanted to be treated  He replied  Like a king","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2089,"EventTxt":"Alexander asked him again  whether he wanted anything else and his answer was that word  Like a king","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2090,"EventTxt":"comprehends all  When Alexander saw his noble and royal disposition  he treated him accordingly and took him into the number of his friends  He restored him to his kingdom again which reached from Hydaspes to the bank of the Acesives River  In it were   cities   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2091,"EventTxt":"Arrian shows that these things happened after the summer solstice in the rainy season in India  The Hydaspes River would swell greatly whereas in the middle of winter a man may wade across it   Arrian        p      Jacobus Capellus compares another place of his   Arrian        p      where he writes the same thing of the Euphrates River  saying  It is fordable in the winter  When the spring approaches  and much more when the sun returns from its summer solstice  it grows deep and overflows its banks","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2092,"EventTxt":"The Greeks call the four seasons of the years by the name of tropics  They may just as easily divide the year into two parts  summer and winter  Summer would start at the vernal equinox and winter from the autumnal equinox  However Arrian is speaking after the manner of the east when he says  as the spring approached and after this toward the summer season  the rain began to fall there and the waters to rise","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2093,"EventTxt":"Concerning those Indian regions  Aristobulus was an eye witness of them  and was present with Alexander at the Hydaspes River  He says that at the beginning of the spring  the rains begin to fall and so grow stronger from day to day  Strabo says the same   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2094,"EventTxt":"This battle was fought between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice  Arrian plainly shows this where he says  vv This was the end of the battle fought by Alexander against Porus and his Indians on the other side of the Hydaspes River in the year when Hegemon was archon of Athens in the month Munichion","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2095,"EventTxt":"In that year that month corresponds almost entirely to our month of May according to the Julian Calendar  The summer solstice did not happen until Alexander came to the Acesines River  as I show later from Nearchus","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2096,"EventTxt":"Alexander was glad for this victory which opened the way to the farthest borders of the east  Thereupon he had all his men that died in the battle to be honourably buried  He sacrificed to the sun  as the giver of this victory  He held games and contests both on foot and horseback at the river Hydaspes near the place where he crossed  Since there was of all manner of provisions in the place  he stayed there for   days to rest his wearied companies  To cheer up his soldiers for the remainder of this war  he called them together and gave them a pep talk commending their prowess and valor  He told them that all the forces of India were quashed by their one day s work  All the rest was a rich spoil for them to take  He gave the chief commanders of his army crowns to wear  Every one of them received   pieces of gold  He rewarded the rest according to his place and rank in the army  For a description of the monument he made there  see  Philostratus       Life of Apollion  c  ult","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2097,"EventTxt":"Alexander planned that as soon as he set foot in India  to go and see the Indian Ocean  Therefore he had his shipwrights build boats for that purpose  In the Emodian hills nearby  there was an abundance of tall fir trees with a quantity of cedar and pine trees along with other timber fit for ship building  When they went to cut them down  they found there very many large snakes  as long as   feet  In those woody mountains  they found rhinoceroses as well as a huge number of apes  some quite large  The rhinoceros is a rare beast in other countries  When the Macedonians saw a number of them ranging on the side of a hill in a kind of array like soldiers  they first thought that they had been an enemy  They cried out   Arm  Arm and arranged themselves to attack them  It was not until Taxiles  who was then with Alexander  told them what they were that the fray ended   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2098,"EventTxt":"Alexander built   cities here  one on each side of the Hydaspes River  The one on this side the river at the place where he crossed and the other on the other side where he fought this battle  This city he named from the victory over the Indians and gave it the Greek name  Nicea  The other one he called Bucephalis or Bucephalia after his horse Bucephalus  He had died there not of any wound received in the battle  As some have it  A  Gellius        c       but spent with travel and old age  He was   years old according to Arrian and Sicritus as cited by Plutarch  The king gave him a solemn funeral and build a monument and there built a city round it   Pliny        c      Near to these cities he built his navy for the ocean  Strabo        p     on the Hydaspes River which ran between the two kingdoms of Porus and Taxiles  Both of these helped him greatly in building this fleet   Curt       c","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2099,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Craterus there with a part of his army to finish the buildings of these two cities and their wall  He went further into India against those who bordered on Porus  kingdom  Aristobulus called the kingdom Glauconica but Ptolemy called it Glausa  He took one half of his fellow cavaliers along with him  the best men from every squadron  with all his archers on horseback  his squadron of Agrians and the other archers  On this expedition    cities surrendered to him  The smallest city had at least   inhabitants and many had more than      In addition  many towns and villages surrendered to him some which were as large as the cities  All this territory he added to Portus  kingdom  He made Taxiles and Portus good friends and sent Taxiles back into his own kingdom again","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2100,"EventTxt":"At the same time ambassadors from Abisarus came to Alexander  Arisarus promised to be at his command  provided that Alexander would not require him to give up his kingdom  For he would not live without a kingdom nor reign if he were enslaved to another man  Thereupon Alexander sent back word to him that seeing he would not come to Alexander  Alexander with his army would take the pains to go to him  This would cost Abisarus dearly  Ambassadors came to him from those Indians which lived as free states and from another Porus  king of the Indians also","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2101,"EventTxt":"Phrataphernes  the governor of Parthia and Hircania came at this time to Alexander with such Thracians that Alexander had left with him  Messengers came to him from Sicicus  governor of the Assacenians to tell him  that the Indians had murdered his vice governor and had revolted from him  Against these Alexander sent Philippus and Tyriespes with an army ordering them to suppress the rebellion of the Assacenians and keep that province in order  About this time  Cleophis  the queen of the Assacenians bore Alexander a son  whom she named after Alexander and was later king of that country   Justin        c     with Curtius        c","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2102,"EventTxt":"The other Porus who was the nephew to the one whom Alexander had overcome  feared his uncle Porus more than Alexander  He left his kingdom and fled into the country of the Gaugaride  He took with him as many as would follow him and that were fit to bear arms","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677c AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2103,"EventTxt":"Alexander with his army crossed over the violent Acesives River which was almost   miles wide  Those who crossed on bags made from skins did much better than those in the boats  Those who crossed in boats were dashed many times on the rocks in the way  Some boats sunk  drowning some of the army as Arrian from Ptolemy reports         p      Alexander left Coenus with his brigade on the near side to provide for the crossing of those supplying grain and other things for the army and to protect them from any attackers","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2104,"EventTxt":"Nearchus  who was in the army at this time  says   cited by Strabo        p      that Alexander first camped by the river side  He was forced to move his camp later to higher ground to escape the flood waters  This happened about the summer solstice  Arrian confirms this in his book  Indica  p      where he says that Alexander s army ran away from the Acesives River when its water flooded all the country at midsummer","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2105,"EventTxt":"There were vast forests and shady trees of an enormous size and incredible height  Some were over   feet high and so thick that   men could barely get their arms around them  They cast a shadow of   acres or   feet from their limbs  For the most part  they were like huge beams bowing downward to the ground and grew up from there again  The new plant was not nourished by the same bough but rooted itself were the bough touched the ground  For more information about the banyan tree see  Pliny        c       Strabo       p       He states from Aristobulus that under one of these trees   men could sit at dinner","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2106,"EventTxt":"There were also a large number of deadly snakes  They were small and very colourful  Their bite was so deadly that it caused sudden death to any one that was bitten  To avoid this danger  the Macedonians hung their beds from the limbs of the trees and slept above ground  They got little sleep  At length they learned a remedy for the snake bite from the native people  They showed them a root to take if any man happened to be bitten","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2107,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Porus back to his own kingdom with orders to return with an army of the choicest and ablest Indians that he could find along with any elephants he had  After the army crossed the deserts  they came to the Indian river of Hyarotis or Hydraotes  It was as wide as the Acesines River but not so violent  He left garrisons everywhere he went in convenient places so that Craterus and Caenus might safely come to him with grain which they were to gather from all the places they went  He committed part of his army to Hephaestion  He gave him charge of two squadrons of foot soldiers  both his own and Demetrius  Cornets of cavalry and half his archers  He sent them into the country of that Porus who fled away and ordered him to transfer the kingdom to his friend King Porus  If he found any other Indian nation bordering on the Hyarotis River which lived as free states  he should add them all to Porus  kingdom  Alexander crossed the Hyarotis River with less trouble than he had with the Acesines River","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2108,"EventTxt":"Next to this river there was a grove of shady trees not usually seen in other parts and wild peacocks that flew up and down in the trees  Alexander advanced and took over other countries  Some surrendered and others he took by force  For some he was forced to chase and overtake and make them yield to him","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2109,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Alexander was told that there were other Indian states and a people called the Cathaeans who intended to fight him if he came into their countries  They joined with other free states of India to form an alliance with them in this action  Also another nation of those parts called Oxidracans and the Mallians  A little before this  Abisarus and Porus with their joint armies along with many other confederate Indians  went to subdue them but were unable to  The Indians awaited Alexander s arrival in Sangalae  a large city of the Cathaeans  It was surrounded with a wall and with a bog  These Cathaeans are called by Polyannus        Stratag   the Calthaei  Diodorus call them the Cathari  He states that it was law  agreed to by all these countries that when the husband died  the wife would be buried with his body  Strabo also notes this of the Cathaeans         p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2110,"EventTxt":"Alexander went into these parts and came the second night to a city called Pimprama  That country of the Indians are called Adraista  Diodorus calls them the Andrasta  These came to him and surrendered conditionally","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2111,"EventTxt":"Alexander rested his soldiers there the next day  On the third day  he marched to Sagala where the Cathaeans and their allies awaited his arrival  They stood in battle array on the rise of a hill before the city  Instead of a trench between them and the enemy  they placed   rows of chariots locked closely together  Alexander quickly scattered the chariots and they all fled back into the city  Alexander immediately besieged them  He cast up a double trench around the city except where the bog hindered them  He set Ptolemy there with   of the silver targeteers  all the squadron of Agrians and one company of archers to guard that quarter  He set all the chariots which he had taken  in an escape route from the city to hinder them from escaping  The inhabitants tried to escape in the  th watch of the night and fell over those chariots  They were beaten back by Ptolemy who killed   of them and forced them to retreat within their gates again  Meanwhile Porus came to him with the rest of his elephants and   Indians  His battering rams were assembled and approached the wall  The Macedonians did not have to batter the inner wall but only undermined the outer earthwork made of brick and raised their ladders against the inner wall  thus taking the city by assault      inhabitants were killed      taken prisoner    chariots were captured and   horses were taken  Alexander did not lose more than   men in this seige    more including Lysimachus  one of the captains of his bodyguard were hurt","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2112,"EventTxt":"After Alexander buried his dead after the Macedonian customs  he sent Perdiccas with sufficient forces to ravage and plunder all the country around there  He sent Eumenes the secretary   that is that Eumenes who was secretary sometimes to King Philip and whose life  Plutarch and Probus have both written  with   cavalry to two cities which had allied with those of Sangala  He was to offer them a pardon and he should receive them in mercy  However when the townsmen heard what was done at Sangala  they all fled from the town before he came  As many as were not able to escape through infirmity  were all killed by Eumenes to the number of    Alexander gave up the idea of overtaking the rest and returned to Sangala and utterly destroyed it","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2113,"EventTxt":"Alexander went to besiege another strong town into which a great number of people from weaker places had fled  When they asked his mercy and opened him their gates  he pardoned them and took hostages  He marched away to the next town  which was a very large one and full of people  There he had the hostages whom he received to be presented before the walls  Those in the town knew them as their neighbours and they desired to speak with them  The hostages told them what a merciful man Alexander was and how dreadful he was to his enemies  They easily persuaded them to yield to him  Now the news went out that before people thought Alexander was more like a robber was wrong and he behaved more like a conqueror  The rest of the cities surrendered without a fight   Curt        c     Polya  Stratag        in Alexan  s","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2114,"EventTxt":"From here he went into the kingdom of Sopithes who at more than   feet was taller than all men of those parts  He came from his chief city with his two mature sons  He gave Alexander his golden rod  all set with beryl stones and surrendered to him  himself  his children and all his kingdom  Alexander gave him his kingdom back again  A few days later  he feasted Alexander and all his army in a very sumptuous manner  He gave Alexander personally many large and costly gifts  He also gave him   Indian dogs which were  as was said  a cross breed between dogs and tigers  They were very strong and courageous  To prove this he had   of them attack a very large lion   Strabo        p     Elia  Histor  Ammal        c","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2115,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Hephaestion returned to him with the troops he left with  He subdued all the countries of the Indians far and wide wherever he went  Alexander spared no honour for him and praised him before the army","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2116,"EventTxt":"Alexander left Sopithes in his kingdom as he found him  He advanced still to the next country where Phegeus was king  All the inhabitants welcomed the Macedonians and Phegeus went out personally to meet Alexander with gifts and presents  He submitted himself wholly to his pleasure  Alexander re established him in his kingdom  Alexander was royally entertained with all his army and stayed there   whole days","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2117,"EventTxt":"On the  rd day he departed from there and came to the Hyphasis or Hypanis River  It is almost a mile wide and   feet deep  It was very rocky under water and quite difficult to cross  Phegeus told him what he wanted to know about the other side of the river  There was a vast desert of     or   days journey to cross bounded by the Ganges River  It was the largest in all of India  Beyond the river lived various peoples  The people there were the Gaugaridae or Gongaridae and Prasians or Praendians  or Praesiaeans  or Pharrasians  or Tabraesians  for they are all known by these different names  Their King was called Agrammes   Diod  Sic  calls him Xagrames   He had an army of     cavalry      foot soldiers    chariots and   or  as Diodorus says    elephants  all trained and equipped for war","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2118,"EventTxt":"These things seemed incredible to Alexander  When he had questioned Porus further  Porus told him that the force and power of that king and kingdom was indeed very great and no less than what he was told  However the current king was of ignoble birth and no better than a poor barber s son  He was hated and scorned by his subjects  Androcottus  who was then but a youth and had not only seen Alexander but also for a certain saucy prank played on Alexander  was ordered to be executed  He would have died had he not fled  Justin         c      tells us that he later said that Alexander almost conquered all of India  The part he missed was of little note since their the king was too wicked  so base  so hated and so much scorned by his people","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2119,"EventTxt":"Alexander began to reflect that his soldiers were all tired out and spent with the length of the war  Every man began to look for an end of these dangers and for the reward and fruit of all their labours  They had now been   whole years  for so long it was since he became king  in a continual perilous war  It happened that for   consecutive days  it poured rain accompanied with violent thunderstorms according to Diodorus  Diodorus says that to pacify the soldiers  he gave them permission to plunder a most rich and bountiful country of the enemies and to take all to themselves  While they were busy at this  he called together their wives and children and made there a law that the wives would receive their monthly allowance in grain and their children the same wages that their fathers did","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2120,"EventTxt":"When the soldiers were returned home laden with wealth and riches  the king called them all together  He made a prepared speech to request them to accompany him cheerfully to the conquest of the Gangaridae  Caenus the son of Polemocrates replied in the name of the whole army and concluded that they all desired an end of the war  The Macedonians would not listen to Alexander s request  Ptolemy reports that he went on and offered sacrifices for the crossing of the river  When the entrails portended all direful things if he proceeded  he called together his friends and such as were the oldest and most intimate with him  He told them first and afterward declared to all the army that since all things seemed to be against his going any farther  he was now content and resolved to return home","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2121,"EventTxt":"Pliny very improbably writes that notwithstanding all this  he crossed the Hypanis River and erected altars on the other side         c      For a similar action occurred in the same place  that is in the king s own letters to confirm as much  I think that those words refer not to his crossing over the Hypanis or Hyphasis River but to that which went before concerning the order and distance of his camps and journeys from place to place  These were described and recorded by Diognetus and Baeton  his two principal harbingers and camp masters  For who can believe that Alexander alone without his army and without any purpose of going any further would offer to cross such a dangerous river as that was  If he would  then the enemy who were on the other side  would have attacked him and hindered his work  Strabo         p      notes that he went no further eastward because he was forbidden to cross the Hypanis or Hyphasis River  Plutarch also tells us that in his time the kings of the Praesiaeans or Prasians crossed the river to his side and worshipped those altars which Alexander then set up and offered sacrifices on them after the customs of the Greeks","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2122,"EventTxt":"It is obvious that Alexander divided his army into various companies  He had   altars to be built  all of square stone on the west side of the Hyphasis River and not on the east side  Each alter was   feet high and similar to so many large towers and of a greater size than towers were usually constructed  On these altars  he offered sacrifices after the Greek manner to his gods  He held for his men  games of all sorts  wrestling  dancing and sports on horseback  Then he made his camp three times larger in every respect than it was ever done before  He made trenches   feet wide and   feet deep  He had the earth cast up from the ditch  He made a good wall around the trench  He commanded his foot soldiers that in their tents they should set up two bedsteads  each of them     feet high  The cavalry men should do this as well as make mangers for their horses as large as at other times  They should do the same with their weapons  horse bits and other equipment  they were leaving behind  They should make them in the same proportion and to hang them up  This was to give posterity an imaginary belief of his greatness  Concerning the inscriptions and titles of his altars  we may see more in  Philostratus  his life of Apollonius","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2123,"EventTxt":"When these things were done  he returned by the same way he came to the Hydraotes River  He crossed it and came back to Acesines","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2124,"EventTxt":"There he found this city already built by Hephaestion whom he left to do it  Into the city he relocated as many of the neighbouring places as wanted to live there  He left his mercenary soldiers who were unfit for military service here","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2125,"EventTxt":"Arsaces  who ruled over all in the province bordering on the kingdom of Abisarus and the brother of Abisarus and his associates came to Alexander  They brought him presents of the most valuable items in those parts  Abisarus sent   elephants  They said that Abisarus would have come to him but he was sick  Alexender sent messengers to Abisarus and they confirmed his story  Thereupon he made Abisarus governor under himself of that province and made Arsaces subject to him  He appointed what tribute they should pay to him  Alexander offered sacrifices again at the Acesines River","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2126,"EventTxt":"He crossed the Acesines River and came to the Hydaspes River  He repaired with the help of his soldiers  whatever the flooding of that unruly river had destroyed of his two cities  Nicaea and Bucephalis recently built there  From the time that he went from there until his return  it had rained continuously with monsoon winds according to Aristobulus as cited by Strabo         p      The rain lasted   days with violent thunderstorms  as I showed before from Diodorus","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3677,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3677d AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2127,"EventTxt":"Alexander had built a large number of ships by the side of the Hydaspes River  Two of these had three banks of oars  He planned to sail down to the Indian Ocean with his cavalry and foot soldiers  For his venture  he gathered all the Phoenicians  Cypriots  Carians and Egyptians who followed his camp and put them aboard his ships","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2128,"EventTxt":"At the same time Coenus died who was one of his best and closest friends  He grieved his death and had him buried with all honour and sumptuousness which that time and place afforded  However  he did not forget the speech which he made in the armies behalf promising them to return home  Had he known how short a time he had to live  he would never have made so long an oration","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2129,"EventTxt":"He received fresh troops from Greece  These were auxiliaries and mercenary soldiers under their various commanders  that is     foot soldiers and   cavalry  This also brought rich arms for     foot soldiers and   talents in medicines  Diod  Sic    Curt        c      Memnon also brought him from Thracia    cavalry besides those which came from Harpalus and   foot soldiers  He also brought weapons inlaid with silver and gold which Alexander distributed in the army and had the old ones burnt","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2130,"EventTxt":"Harpalus  who Curtius says sent the new supplies to him  was the same person whom Alexander had entrusted with the keeping of his tributes and treasure in the city and province of Babylon and whom he had left as his overseer of all that country   Plutarch in Alexand    However  he gave the government of it to Mazeus who had delivered it up into his hands and when he died Ditamenes succeeded him in that charge  Although Diodorus calls Harpalus  the president of that province in his history of  year       th Olympiad  in which time we are  Diodorus further tells us that Harpalus hoped that Alexander would never return alive from India and gave himself over to all kinds of intemperance and luxury  sparing no expense  First he committed of all manner of whoredom and luxury with the women of that country  Then he indulged in all sorts of unseemly and unseasonable delights and pleasures  He squandered the king s money committed to his charge  He ordered various fish to be brought to him from as far off as the Red Sea  Indian Ocean  ed   and was so lavish in his feasting and usual diet that every man was ashamed of him  He sent for a noted strumpet  Pythonice by name from as far as Athens and when she died  he sent for another one from the same place called Glycera  Therefore Theopompus complained in his letter to Alexander telling him that Harpalus spent more than   talents in making two tombs for Polynice when she died  one at Athens and another at Babylon  He dedicated a grove  an alter and a temple to Pythonice by the name of Venus Pythonica  He set up Glycera s statue in brass at Tarsus in Syria and let her live in the king s palace  He commanded the people to call her by the title of a queen and reverence her as such   Athenaus       c","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2131,"EventTxt":"Cleander  Shades and Heracon in Media did the like  hoping that Alexander would never return alive from India  They plundered private men s estates  pulled down temples and ravished the young virgins of the noblest families  They did many other kinds of villainies to their citizens and belongings  The very name of a Macedonian was odious to all nations for their avarice and luxury of all kinds  Worst of all  Cleander  who having first ravished a noble virgin himself  gave her later to his slave for his whore   Curt        c     Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2132,"EventTxt":"Alexander prepared for his voyage into the ocean  He saw old grudges rekindled between Porus and Taxiles and made them friends again  He made them pledge friendship to each other and then sent them away to their own kingdoms  He had made Porus king of all the countries lying between Hydaspes and Acesines River as before  In addition he gave him all the free states which he had subdued between the Acesines and Hypanis River  which were various countries containing over   cities   Arrian        p      Others say that within these   countries were more than   large cities besides towns and villages   Plutarch in Alexand   In fact the region lying between the Hydaspes and Hypanis River contained no more than nine countries with  ities  Each city was as large as Coos in Meropis   Strabo  from Apollodorus  who wrote of the affairs of Parthia  reports        p      Strabo thinks that his opinion is a bit outlandish  He says it seems that this number is put a little hyperbolic ally and therefore Pliny thinks this is the number of all the cities which he subdued in India         c      Those who were with Alexander in his expedition report that in that part of India which he subdued there were   towns and cities each as large as Coos in these   countries  Philippus  who was one of his company of friends with Alexander  was appointed governor of a country beyond the Indus River by Alexander","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2133,"EventTxt":"The cavalry of the city of Nisaea were sent back  Craterus and Hephaestion were commanded to march before him into the capital city of Sopithes  kingdom and await the arrival of his fleet  Craterus went on the right hand side of the Hydaspes with a part of the cavalry and foot soldiers  Hephaestion was on the left hand with the remainder and far greater part of the whole army and   elephants  The whole army at this time consisted of     men with those whom he brought from the sea coast  Those returned to him also whom he sent to levy fresh troops  They brought with them men of various nations and different weapons   Arrian          in his Indica  p      Plutarch says that at this time he had     foot soldiers and     cavalry","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2134,"EventTxt":"Curtius says that this fleet had   ships  Of these  Diodorus says    were open and the rest were barges propelled by oars  Arrian   in his Indica  says he had only   boats  some for transporting the horses and the rest for cargo vessels grain and other provisions  In total this amounted to little less than   vessels","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2135,"EventTxt":"The admiral of this fleet was Nearchus from Crete and Euagoras from Corinth was in charge of all the provisions  In Alexander s ship  the captain was Onisieritus from Astypula  Arrian  in his Indica   records the name of every capatin for each ship","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2136,"EventTxt":"When the preparations were complete  Alexander sacrificed to his native gods and to the other gods as the priests advised him to  These included  Neptune  Amphitrite and the Nereides or Sea Nymphs  Most importantly he sacrificed to the ocean  to the Hydaspes River  the Acesines River into which the Hydaspes flows and to the Indus River which receives them both  He held various sorts of games  of music and wrestling and the like with prizes for those who would enter the contests  He distributed animals to every company so they could sacrifice by themselves","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2137,"EventTxt":"In the morning  the army boarded the ships  This included the silver targeteers archers and such of the cavalry as were called his friends  This totalled   troops and happened not many days before the setting of the Pleiades   Strabo        from Aristobulus   This time is about the end of our October  Alexander boarded and poured out a golden viol of wine from the prow of the ship into the river  He called on the Acesines  Hydaspes and Indus Rivers all at once  Afterward when he offered to his progenitor Hercules  to Ammon and the rest of the gods according to his accustomed manner the trumpet sounded at his command  This signal was to draw down the vessels into the water and to start the journey  This was done  The order was given how far every barge  horse carrier and ship of war should stay away from each other lest they should collide with each other  They were to keep their rank and position and not to out row each other as if this were a race","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2138,"EventTxt":"In this manner Alexander came on the  rd day to the place where he had appointed Craterus and Hephaestion to meet him  He stayed there   days so that Philip might there catch up to him with the rest of the army  Alexander had sent him to the Acehnes River with orders to march down by the bank  He sent away Craterus and Hephaestion again with orders where to march by land","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2139,"EventTxt":"Alexander followed the Hydaspes River which was at least     miles farther than going by land and landed his soldiers and went to Sibarus  the country of the Sobians  These were said to be the descendents of those who along with Hercules had besieged the Rock of Aornus  When they could not take it  they were left here by him when they were not able to march with him any further  Their clothes were nothing but skins of wild beasts and their weapons nothing but clubs  Although the Greek manners and customs were long gone  yet a man might easily perceive some traces and marks of their Greek origin among them  When Alexander pitched his camp near to the chief city of their country  the principal men of them came to him and were admitted into his presence  They reminded him of their Greek origin and what reverence they had for the Greek nation  They offered him their service in whatever his pleasure was as became men of the same blood with him and his Greeks  They witnessed to this with the extra ordinary presents they gave to him  Alexander received them very graciously and made them a free state to live according to their own laws","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2140,"EventTxt":"From there he rode further into the country some   miles and after he had wasted all the fields  he came and besieged the chief city of that country","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2141,"EventTxt":"The Agalassians opposed him with   foot soldiers and   cavalry on the bank of a river  He crossed the river and quickly routed them after killing most of them  The rest ran into the towns  When he had captured them  he slew those who were of age and sold the rest for slaves","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2142,"EventTxt":"Other inhabitants there took up arms also and about     gathered together into one city  He broke into the city by pure force  When they barricaded their streets and fought on them from the battlements of their houses  he was forced to retire and left many of his Macedonians dead behind him  Therefore in a rage he set fire to the houses and burnt both the city and most of the people in it with fire  When   who had fled into the citadel sued for pardon  he gave it to them","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2143,"EventTxt":"He then returned aboard ship with his friends  He went with all speed into the countries of the Mallians and Oxydracans because he was told that they were two very populous and warlike countries  They had carried their wives and children into fortified places and planned to meet in the battle  Therefore he made the more haste  so that he might attack them while they were still making preparations and not fully ready for him","YearBCAD":-327,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4387,"Dating":"3678a AM, 4387 JP, 327 BC"}
{"Index":2144,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of sailing down the river  he came to the confluence of the two rivers  the Acesines and Hydaspes  They both meet in a very narrow channel  Therefore  the river runs with a most violent and rapid current making many whirlpools  Many of their ships sprung leaks and two of the largest of them ran afoul of each other  broke up and sank  drowning their passengers  Alexander s own ship  was sucked into one of these whirlpools and was in extreme danger of sinking and drowning Alexander  When they had gone a little farther  the channel became wider and the stream grew calmer  The ships came to the right hand bank and found a safe harbour to stay in behind a bank which ran out into the river  This broke the violence of the river and so they were able to draw their ships to land","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2145,"EventTxt":"The king set up altars on this side of the bank and sacrificed to his gods for escaping so great a danger  Then he marched about   miles further into the country and attacked the natives that would not submit to him  He ordered them only not to help the Mallians and returned to his ships again  He was met by Craterus  Hephaestion and Philippus who brought their armies to help him","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2146,"EventTxt":"The countries of the Oxydracans and Mallians lie between the place where the Hydaspes River joins the Acesines River and they both flow into the Indus River   Arrian  in his India  p     These were usually at war with each other but now united against their common enemy  Alexander  To further secure their alliance  they gave     virgins to each other to intermarry  They had     foot soldiers and     cavalry besides   chariots  Curtius says    Justin        c      and Orosius        c      call these people the Mandri or Ambri and Sabracans or Subagrans or Sugambrians  By all these names  the Malli and Oxydracans  who in Diodorus are incorrectly written Syracusions  in various editions go  They had     cavalry","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2147,"EventTxt":"The Macedonians thought they were past all danger and looked for an end of the fighting business  When they saw themselves engaged in a new war with more fierce and warlike countries than they had before in any part of India  they were terrified  They began again to murmur and rebel against Alexander  Alexander pacified them with a good speech and made all well again","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2148,"EventTxt":"Commander in chief of all this native army was a man of proven valour and chosen from the Oxydracans  He pitched his camp at the foot of a hill and made many fires so that he might make his army seem all the larger  They made loud shouts and noises after the manner of their country to terrify the Macedonians  The next morning Alexander was full of hope and confident of victory  He encouraged his soldiers and attacked them  Whereupon  the enemies whether for fear or some disagreement among themselves  all ran away and fled to the mountains and woods  When the Macedonians could not overtake them  they started rifling their camp","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2149,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had rigged his navy he sent Nearchus with it down river into the country of the Mallians  He ordered him to be there   days before the army  Alexander crossed the Hydaspes and ordered Craterus  who was on the right hand of the Hydaspes to take charge of the elephants  of Polysperchon s brigade  his archers on horseback and of Philip s regiment  He ordered Hephaestion to go   days march ahead of him  Ptolemy was to come   day s journey behind him  This ensured that whoever escaped from Hephaestion  would be sure to fall into the hands of one of the two of them  He ordered those that went ahead of him to go to the confluence of the Acesines and Hydraotes Rivers which was the farthest border of the Mallians  as the confluence of the Acesines and Hydaspes Rivers was border of the Oxydracans  They were to stay there and await his arrival and the armies of Craterius and Ptolemy","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2150,"EventTxt":"Alexander took his regiment of silver targeteers  his squadron of Agrians  Python s brigade and all his archers on horseback and one half of his fellow cavaliers  He went through a sandy dry country into the region of the Mallians to attack them before either the Oxydracans could come to help them or they could go to the Oxydracans","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2151,"EventTxt":"The first day he camped near a little river about   miles from the Acesines  When they rested for a while  he ordered every man to fill what bottles he had with water  They marched on the remainder of that day and the next night some   miles  On the next morning  they attacked a great many of the Mallians  They never thought that he would come over that dry wilderness and were walking abroad idly outside the city  He killed most of them and the rest fled into the gates of the city and there locked them  Alexander had his cavalry surround the walls  instead of a trench  until his foot soldiers came","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2152,"EventTxt":"As soon as the foot soldiers came  he sent away Perdiccas with his own troops  Clitus  cavalry and the Agrians to besiege another town of the Mallians  He understood that many of the Indians were gathered together there  He wanted to keep them in but not to make any assault until he came  This would prevent them from carrying news into other parts that he had come into the country  He began to make his approaches and to assault the city which he besieged","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2153,"EventTxt":"He killed many of them in the assault and the rest left the walls and fled to the citadel  When he took that  he killed   men","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2154,"EventTxt":"When Perdiccas came to the city which he was commanded to besiege  he found all the inhabitants had fled  When he found that they had just recently escaped he followed them as fast as he could  All the ones he overtook  he killed  The rest escaped into the bogs and marshes","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2155,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had rested and refreshed himself and his army  he marched at the first watch of the night  At day break  they came to the Hydraotes River where he found that many of the Mallians had already crossed  He attacked and killed the rest that were crossing the river  Then he crossed the river with his army and overtook those that had crossed earlier  He killed many of them and took others prisoner  However  most of them escaped into a well fortified city","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2156,"EventTxt":"When his foot soldiers came up  Alexander sent Python against them with his own and two other regiments of cavalry  On the first attack  he chased them into the town and took it  All those who were not killed  were made slaves  After this Python returned to the camp","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2157,"EventTxt":"Alexander led his army against a city of the Brachmanni where he understood more of the Mallians had fled  As soon as he came  he besieged it all around with his squadrons very heavily  The soldiers immediately left the walls and fled to the citadels  When this was captured  some of the inhabitants  set their own houses on fire and threw themselves into it  Others died fighting  About   perished and few were captured alive","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2158,"EventTxt":"Alexander stayed there one day to give his soldiers a rest  The next day he marched against the other towns of the Mallians  He found all the cities deserted and the inhabitants all fled to the woods and mountains  He stayed there one day","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2159,"EventTxt":"The next day he sent Python and Demetrius  the captain of a regiment of cavalry back to the riverside  He sent other troops and companies with them  He wanted them to deal with any that had escaped to the woods  If they did not surrender they were to be killed  A great many were killed by them","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2160,"EventTxt":"Alexander marched against the capital city of the Mallians into which he learned that many others had fled  When this large city heard of his coming  the inhabitants fled and crossed over the Hydraotes River  They put themselves into battle array on the high clifts of that river  as if they would stop him from crossing there  Alexander followed them immediately with his cavalry and ordered his foot soldiers to come later  When he was in the middle of the river  the Indians abandoned the place and although they were in good battle array  they fled  There were at least     of them  Alexander saw them in a strong compact body  Since his foot soldiers had not come to him  he offered to charge them from all directions  However  he did not think it wise to fight with them at that time","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2161,"EventTxt":"As soon as the Agrians  other well ordered squadrons and the archers came  the main battle with the foot soldiers started  The Indians fled and all ran away to the next fortified city  Alexander pursued them and slew many of them  When they were there  Alexander presently surrounded the city with his cavalry before the foot soldiers came","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2162,"EventTxt":"Demophoon a soothsayer  talked with Alexander and told him that by certain signs and prodigies he observed that Alexander was in some great danger  He wanted Alexander to stop or at least to defer the siege of the place  The king reviled him with sharp words for disheartening the soldiers while they were in action  He divided his army into two parts and led one part and gave the other to Perdiccas  They both went together to scale the wall  The Indians could not endure the attack and abandoned their stations on the wall and all fled all to the citadel  Alexander with those about him broke open the first gate himself and got into the city  He began to set ladders against the citadel wall  When he saw his Macedonians not coming on so quickly as he wished  he took a ladder himself and set it against the wall and climbed onto the top of it  Pencestes  carried his shield which he borrowed out of the Temple of Minerva in Troy  In all encounters he was always ahead of Alexander but this time he was behind him  After him came Leonatus  one of the captains of his bodyguard on the same ladder  Abreas  one of the Duplarians  of that order of knights or esquires had double pay or allowance  was on another ladder  When the silver targeteers heard of the danger the king was in  they fought to set up the ladders so thickly that the ladders broke and so all came tumbling to the ground  By this they were of no use and hindered others from getting up that would help   See Appiannus toward the end        Bell Civil","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2163,"EventTxt":"Alexander was shot at on every side from the adjoining towers  No man dared come and fight hand to hand with him on the wall  Alexander leapt off the wall down into the citadel yard and put his back to a wall there and killed those that came to attack him with his own hand  He killed the captain of the Indians who came boldly to attack him  After that no one dared come near him but all shot at him from a distance","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2164,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Pencestes  Leonatus and Abreas  leaped down from the wall into the yard after him and came to his rescue  Abreas was shot through his face into the head and died in there  Alexander  as Ptolemy reports  received so great a wound in the breast that his very breath came forth at it together with his blood  Pencestes  who interposed with Minerva s buckler in his hand and Leonatus  who took in his own body the blows which were meant for Alexander were likewise seriously wounded  No one wanted this but Alexander himself  who had there poured out his soul together with his blood  All agree that Pencestes defended him with his Palladian buckler  Hence Pliny calls him         c      the preserver of Alexander the Great  Concerning the actions of Leonatus and Abreas  the Duplarian  all do not agree  Ptolemy the son of Lagus  was at the rescue of him  This is affirmed by Clitarchus and Timogenes and Pausanias in his Attica  However he denies this and says he was not  All that while he fighting with the enemy elsewhere  Curtius says that so great was the carelessness of those old historians  it is hard to know what to believe","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2165,"EventTxt":"The Macedonians at last broke into the citadel and killed everyone there with the sword  They did not spare man or woman  old or young  They brought the king out upon their shields  dead or alive  they knew not which  The cure of his wounds was more grievous than the wounds themselves  He endured the pain and started to recover  The army could hardly be brought to believe this  It was widely said he died from his wounds  Therefore as soon as possibly he could  he had himself carried to the river side  From there he sailed down in a barge to the place where his army camped which was at the confluence of the Hydraotis with the Acesines River  Hephaestion was here in charge of the army and Nearchus was over the navy  As soon as he came to land  he admitted the soldiers to kiss his hand and he refused his stretcher  He mounted his horse so all could see him  Then he alighted and went on foot to his pavilion","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2166,"EventTxt":"When the king s wounds had been healing for   days  he heard that the Indians were sure he was dead  He had two barges joined together and upon them he had his royal tent spread  It was open on every side so all could see he was still alive  This would put an end to the rumour of his death among the enemies  From there he went down the river and ordered  that none should come near the barge he was in  for fear of jolting his weak body with the beating of the oars  So on the  th day  they came to a country that was deserted by the inhabitants  It had abundant provisions of grain and cattle  Since the place pleased him well  he stayed there to refresh both himself and his army","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2167,"EventTxt":"Nearchus the admiral  reports  that his friends blamed him for acting like a soldier rather than a king or captain in the army  When he grew angry at this remark  he showed his dislike by his looks  A certain old Baeotian pleased him again by reciting an old limerick  vv He who would do any great thing  reason was he should suffer something too","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2168,"EventTxt":"Curtius        c      mentions a speech made to him by Craterus in the name of his friends for the same purpose  His answer to it to this end that a man can never lack an occasion to win glory by  vv After the  th year of my reign and  th of my age  do you think it possible for me to be lacking to myself in advancing my glory which I have ever addicted and devoted myself to","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2169,"EventTxt":"For so Curtius quotes him in saying this  However  the correct time of the chronology  was the  th year of his reign  which agrees well enough with this saying  in his  th year","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2170,"EventTxt":"The king stayed here many days until he was fully recovered from his wounds  He built more ships  There were about   Greek soldiers who he had located in certain cities of Bactria and Sogdiana which he had built there  They grew tired of living among those barbarous people and were encouraged by the supposed news of Alexander s death  They defected from the Macedonian government and killed some of the chief of their own country men  They took up arms and seized the citadel of the city Bactra  It was not so carefully kept as it should have been  They drew the inhabitants in with them in this revolt  The leader of this conspiracy was Athenodorus  He assumed the title of a king not so much out of a desire for any kingdom but to bolster his plan to have the men follow him back to Greece  Biton or Bicon  was a Greek  From a grudge and envy against Athenodorus  he invited him to a banquet and had Boxus kill him  The next day Biton called a company together and there persuaded some that Athenodorus would have killed him  Others thought it was nothing but a mere roguery of Biton  They quickly persuaded others and they all took up arms to kill him  The leaders among them persuaded the rest and so all grew quiet again","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2171,"EventTxt":"When Biton had escaped this action  he started to plot the deaths of those who had saved his life  When they knew this  they laid hold on him and Boxus  Boxus was killed immediately  They planned to put Biton on the rack  All of a sudden  the Greeks  like madmen  rose up all in arms for no apparent reason  They did not rack Biton for fear of a rescue by the multitude  Although he was naked  he fled to the Greeks  When they saw what a distress he was in and ready to be racked  they changed their minds and rescued him from the danger he was in","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2172,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  the Mallians that were left  sent their messengers to Alexander  to surrender their nation to his mercy  Likewise the Oxydracans surrendered  They sent the captains and chief men of every city and with them   of the principal men of the whole country to Alexander  He wanted them to send him   of their principal men or as Curtius says    cavalry  These he would keep as hostages or as soldiers to serve him until he had ended his war with the Indians","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2173,"EventTxt":"Alexander invited all the principal men and petty kings of these countries to a feast where he had   golden beds to be set up at a reasonable distance from each other  Everyone of those beds was enclosed with curtains made of scarlet and gold  The purpose of the feast was to display whatever the old luxury the Persians had or the new extravagances of the Macedonians both mixed together could afford","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2174,"EventTxt":"Dioxippus the Athenian was at this feast   Pliny       c     Athena        c     Elian        c             c       Plut  in his book of Curiosities   Dioxippus was a famous champion and one whom the king made much of for his great strength of body and courage  Choragus was a Macedonian of mighty strength and who had in many a fight shown his courage  When Choragus was drunk  he challenged Dioxippus to a fight  The next day Dioxippus came stark naked and all over anointed with oil with only a truncheon and a cloak for his arms  He approached the Macedonian  who came in armed with sword  buckler  pike and a javelin and laid him to the ground at his foot","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2175,"EventTxt":"The Macedonians and Alexander took this defeat as a disgrace on the Macedonian nation in the sight of these barbarians and there were embarrassed by it  As short time later at another feast  a golden cup disappeared  Dioxippus was suspected of taking it  This upset him so much he wrote a letter to Alexander and then killed himself","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2176,"EventTxt":"Alexander shipped his cavalry    of his fellow cavaliers and about     of his foot soldiers  He went not far on the Hydraotes River before he came to the confluence of it and the Acesines River  He sailed down the Acesines  and finally came to the confluence of the Acesines and Indus River  He stayed there with his navy until Perdiccas came to him with the main body of the army  On the way he subdued the Abastenians who were a free state among those Indians","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2177,"EventTxt":"While he stayed there  there came to him other ships of   oars a piece and certain cargo ships which had been recently built in the country of the Xathri  This was another free state in those parts  Ambassadors came and submitted to him from the Ossadians  another free state","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2178,"EventTxt":"Likewise the messengers of the Oxydracans and Mallians returned to him with presents  Among these were a small quantity of linen cloth    Indian shields and   talents of steel  As well they brought huge lions and tigers that were tamed  the skins of huge lizards and tortoise shells  There were also   chariots and   horses to draw them    to a chariot   Curt        c      Arrian says also that they sent him   men for hostages  These were the bravest and best men they could find among them  They also sent   chariots with men in them to fight  This was more than what Alexander had asked of them  Arrian adds that Alexander accepted their chariots and returned their hostages again","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2179,"EventTxt":"Alexander commanded them to pay him such tribute as they formerly paid to the Arachosians and set Philip to be their governor  His government was to extend to the confluence of the   rivers  the Indus and Acesines and no further  We can hardly believe Plutarch where he says that the extent of Philip s government was three times the size of Porus  kingdom especially if it were so big  as he himself states it to have been  Alexander left him to guard that province all the Thracian cavalry and such companies of foot soldiers as he thought fit and necessary for that purpose  Moreover he had a city built at the confluence of those two rivers  He thought it would quickly grow quite large and be famous  Therefore he constructed a great number of docks for ship building","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2180,"EventTxt":"At that time Oxyartes  father of Roxane whom Alexander had married came to him  Alexander cleared him of all suspicion of having any hand in the revolt of the Greeks that were in Bactria   c AM    JP    BC","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2182,"EventTxt":"In the voyage down the river  the first country Alexander came to was the Sabracans or Sambestans  This was a country as great as any in India both for population and the number of warriors  It was governed by a democratic government throughout all their cities  When they heard of the coming of the Macedonians  they armed     foot soldiers and   or  as Curtius says    cavalry with   chariots  These were under the command of their   most expert captains  When the navy came to them   For more details see Curt        c       Pliny        c      they were frightened by the strangeness of the sight  They recalled the invincible glory of the Macedonians and took the advice of the old men among them  They said they should avoid so imminent a danger and should submit to the Macedonians  Thereupon they sent messengers and surrendered themselves wholly into his hands  Alexander graciously received them  They gave him many gifts and the honours befitting a demigod","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2183,"EventTxt":"Four days later he came to a country which lay on both sides the river which was called the Sodrans  or Sogdans  as in Arrian  and Massanians  Alexander received them as graciously as he had done to the former  At this place on the bank of the Indus River  he built another Alexandria and selected   men to populate it  He made places for merchants and docks for shipping  He repaired any of his ships that were damaged  He made Oxyartes  his father in law and Pithon  governors of all the country from the confluence of the Acesines and Indus Rivers to the sea  He also included all the sea coast  He sailed down the river and quickly came into the country of King Musicanus and he was there before Musicanus ever heard of his coming  Not knowing what else to do  he immediately went out to meet him and presented him with the choicest gifts that India could afford and in particular with all his elephants  He surrendered himself and all his whole kingdom into his hands and asked a pardon for not doing it sooner  Alexander pardoned him and asked about the country and the city there   For more details see  Strabo        p        which he gathered from Aristobulus and Onesicratus  Alexander restored him to his kingdom as he was before","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2184,"EventTxt":"Here he heard the complaints brought against Tiriolte or Tityeste  whom he had made governor over the Parapamisadae with his accusers in person  He found him guilty of many acts of cruelty and avarice and executed him there  He gave that government to his father in law  Oxyartes","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2185,"EventTxt":"He ordered Craterus to build a citadel at the city of Musicanus  This was done before Alexander left the place  He saw that location was excellent to keep neighbouring nations in check and to keep them in order","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2186,"EventTxt":"From there he sailed with his archers  Agrians and all the cavalry which he had on board  he came to another country of the Indians  called Praestans  He marched against their king Porticanus or Oxycanus because the king did not come to meet him neither did he send ambassadors to him  Alexander captured two of the largest cities in the kingdom  Porticanus was in one of them which Alexander took on the  rd day of his siege  Porticanus fled into the citadel and sent ambassadors to treat for conditions  Before they came to Alexander  two great pieces of the wall fell flat down to the ground  Through these breaches the Macedonians rushed into the citadel  Porticanus  with those few who were with him stood on their guard  They were all killed and the citadel was pulled down  All in the town were sold for slaves  Its spoil was given to the soldiers  Alexander kept only the elephants for himself","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2187,"EventTxt":"Diodorus says that Alexander first gave those two cities to be plundered by his soldiers and then he burned them  After that he went and took in all the rest of the cities and towns and destroyed them  By this action  he struck terror into all the neighbouring countries  When the rest of the countries heard only of his coming  they sent ambassadors and surrendered to Alexander without any resistance  as Arrian notes","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2188,"EventTxt":"After this  Alexander entered the country of the Brachmanes where Sambus or Sabus or Samus according to Curtius  or Sabbas according to Plutarch  or Ambigerus according to Justin  or Ambiras  according to Orosius  was king  When he heard that Alexander was coming  he fled  When Alexander came near his main city called Sindomana or Sindonalia  he found the gates open wide for him  and Sambus  servants came to meet him with presents of money and elephants  They told him that Sambus was fled not from any hostility to him  He feared Musicanus whom Alexander had let go and pardoned and they were enemies","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2189,"EventTxt":"Alexander took in this and many other places  He went and by force and took another city which had revolted from him and put to death many of the Brachmanes who caused the revolt  For by their instigation  Sambus  who had but recently submitted to him and the cities of his kingdom had revolted from him  Curtius says that Alexander took the city by undermining the wall and that the natives stood amazed to see men rise from the ground in the middle of the city","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2190,"EventTxt":"Clitarchus as by Curtius  says that there were   or rather  as Diodorus with others have it    men slain in that country  A large number were sold for slaves  The Brachmanes brought these disasters on themselves  The rest who simply submitted to him and asked for his pardon were not harmed  King Sambus saved himself and got away as far as he could with   elephants","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2191,"EventTxt":"Alexander had taken over   men of the Gymnosophistae  who had persuaded Sambus to flee away and had caused much trouble for him and his Macedonians  He asked them some hard and obscure questions and threatened to hang every man if they did not answer those questions  Plutarch records these in his Life of Alexander   Plutarch says that when Alexander heard their replies  he sent them away and gave them many honours for their trouble","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678b AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2192,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Musicanus revolted and Alexander sent Pithon with an army against him  He destroyed some of the cities in his kingdom and put garrisons in others  He built citadels to keep them in line  He captured Musicanus and brought him alive to Alexander who had him immediately crucified in his own kingdom along with as many of the Brachmanes who had encouraged him to revolt","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2193,"EventTxt":"Alexander returned to the Indus River where he had ordered his navy to wait for him  They sailed down the river again and came to a city called Harmatelia which belonged to Sambus and the Brachmanes  The inhabitants trusted in their strength and fortifications of their city and shut the gates to him  Alexander ordered   of his Agrians to go close under the walls with their arms  If the townsmen sallied out against them  they were to retreat    attacked the    who fled as they were ordered to  The enemies pursued them and came unknowingly on other companies which waited in ambush for them  Alexander waited personally for them  In the ensuing battle    were killed    captured and the rest fled back into the city and stayed there  On the king s side many were grievously wounded almost to the point of death  The Indians had poisoned the heads of their weapons with a deadly poison  Ptolemy the son of Lagus was among the wounded and almost dead  It is said that Alexander in his sleep saw an herb which was a remedy for that kind of poison  The herb was squeezed into a drink and taken to neutralize the poison  Others of the wounded made use of that medicinal herb and recovered  It is most likely that someone who knew the medical value of that herb  told Alexander about it  To flatter and honour him  this fable was made up  So says Strabo         p      who tells this story as happening among the Oritae of whom we shall speak later","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2194,"EventTxt":"When Alexander started to besiege Harmotelia which was a strong and well fortified city  all the inhabitants came out to him and humbly begged his pardon  They surrendered themselves and their city to his pleasure  Thereupon he pardoned them","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2195,"EventTxt":"Moeris king of Patalena  its neighbouring country  came to Alexander and put himself and his kingdom wholly into his hands  When Alexander had freely restored him to his kingdom again  he ordered Moeris to provide for his army","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2196,"EventTxt":"Alexander commanded Craterus to take with him the regiments of Attalus  Meleager and Antigenes with some of his archers and of his allies and Macedonians which were grown unserviceable for the war  He was ordered to take them to Macedon by the way of Caramania through the countries of the Aracotti and Zarangi or Drangi  Some of the rest of the army were led by Hephaestion on the one side of the Indus River  The javelineers on horseback and the Agrians were led by Pithon on the other side  He was ordered to get inhabitants for the cities which Alexander had built  If any new revolts happened in those parts  he should put them down  When that was done  he was to come and join with the rest of the army at Patala","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2197,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had now sailed down the river for   days  he received news that Moeris with a large company of the Patalenians had left the city and fled to the mountains and woods  Thereupon  he hurried as fast as he could to get there","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2198,"EventTxt":"Strabo         p      tells us from Aristobulus that Alexander came into Patalene about the rising of the dog star  Sirius  had spent   full months in his trip down the river  For he set out shortly before the rising of the seven stars  Pleiades   Alexander arrived in Patala about the end of our July after sailing since the beginning of the  th month previously  Hence it appears that he spent   full months sailing down the Hydaspes  Acesines and Indus Rivers  This we determine from rising and setting of these stars  We find Plutarch s account in this matter inaccurate  He states  vv that his sailing down the rivers to the sea took him up to   month s time","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2199,"EventTxt":"Alexander came to Patala and found no inhabitants in the city and country side  He found there great numbers of flocks and herds of cattle and grain in great abundance  He quickly sent his fastest soldiers to overtake those  who had fled  As they overtook them  they were to send them away to overtake the rest and to persuade them to return  They were promised peace and their belongings and home in both the city and country","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2200,"EventTxt":"Alexander ordered Hephastion to build a citadel at Patala  He sent others into a region of theirs which was altogether destitute of water to dig wells to make it more habitable  Some of the natives attacked and killed them  When the natives had lost many of their own in the fight  the rest fled away to the woods and mountains  When Alexander heard what had happened to his men  he sent more to help them to complete the work","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2201,"EventTxt":"Alexander asked Nearchus  his admiral  to select some suitable season of the year to set out from the mouth of the Indus River and to sail along until he came to the Persian Gulf and to the mouth of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers   Arrian in his Indica  reports from Nearchus  writings  p      Plutarch says Alexander made Nearchus the admiral of the fleet and Onesicritus its chief pilot  Onesicrtius in his story says of himself  that he was the navarch or admiral  Both  Arrian        p       Pliny       c      call him commander of the fleet  Strabo        p      more correctly calls him the chief pilot  See  Arrian        p       in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2202,"EventTxt":"At Patala the Indus River divides into two large branches both of which retain the name of Indus until they empty into the sea  Between these they create a triangular shaped island after which the city Patalene is called  This island is larger than the delta in Egypt  Onesicritus tells us that each side of this island is   miles long  Aristobulus says that the side facing the ocean is about   miles long  The land is marshy where the rivers empty into the sea  Nearchus and later Arrian say that this side was   miles wide  Pliny says that it was   miles wide   Strabo        p     Pliny       c     Arrian       p             p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2203,"EventTxt":"Alexander planned to sail down to the sea by the right hand branch  He selected his fastest ships all of two decks  all his galleys of   oars a piece and some fast barques  He picked guides who knew the river and so set out  He wanted Leonatus with a   cavalry and   foot soldiers to keep up with him along the river bank","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2204,"EventTxt":"The morning after he set out  there arose a mighty storm  The wind and tide crossed each other to create huge waves on the river so that his ships collided with each other  Most of them were leaking and many of the ships of   oars a piece broke apart before they could get to an island which was in the middle of the channel","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2205,"EventTxt":"Alexander was forced to stay here a long while to build new vessels to replace those that were lost  His river guides had fled and he was unable to replace them  So they were forced to go on without them  When they had gone   miles the pilots all agreed and told Alexander that they could smell the sea and therefore the ocean could not be far away  Therefore he sent some to go ashore and get some of the natives  He thought they might be able to confirm this  They searched for people in their cottages for a long time  At last  they found some people in them whom they asked  how far away was the sea  They replied that they did not know what the sea was nor had they ever heard of any such thing  However  if they went on for   days  they would come to salt water which mixed with the fresh","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2206,"EventTxt":"Arrian tells us that when certain Macedonians landed  they found some Indians whom Alexander used for guides on the river for the rest of the journey  They came to the place where the river widens to   miles  which is its greatest width  The wind blew very strongly from off the sea and they were forced again to take refuge into a creek which his guides directed him to  Curtius says that he came on the  rd day to salt water as he was foretold  He found there another island in the river where they observed that the boats moved not as fast as they were going because of the incoming tide","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2207,"EventTxt":"While they lay there at anchor  some went foraging  A new danger confronted them  For there came in on them a mighty tide  which to this day is usual in Cambay where the Indus River empties into the sea  and flooded all the countryside  Only the top of some hills  like so many little islands  were above water  Those who had gone ashore  resorted to these hills  When the sea was gone out again and the land left dry as it was before  then their ships were left high and dry  Either they stuck nose first into the bank or they fell over on their side  When the next tide came in  those ships which stood upright on their keels in the mud floated again with the rising of the water and were not damaged  Those that had settled on hard ground when the sea was gone out were fallen on their sides  When the tide returned  these ships were driven against one another or beaten and broken on the shore","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2208,"EventTxt":"Everything was repaired as best as the time and place would permit  Alexander sent two barques down the river to view the island which the guides had told him that he must land at if he wanted to sail out into the ocean  The natives called that island Cilluta  Alexander called it  Scillustin and others Philtucin  They brought back word to him that the island was large and had in it excellent ports and lots of fresh water  He ordered the whole navy to sail to that island  Alexander took some better vessels and went further to discover whether at the mouth of the river there was no barrier but a safe passage out into the open ocean  When he had gone   miles  he saw yet another island lying further out in the open ocean","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2209,"EventTxt":"Alexander returned to the former island lying at the mouth of the river and came ashore at a certain cape in it  He offered sacrifices to certain gods he said Jupiter Ammon commanded him to sacrifice to  The next day he sailed to another island lying out in the same ocean and offered more sacrifices to other gods in the same manner he had done previously  He said that what he did was by the command of Jupiter Ammon  He sailed far out of the mouth of the Indus River into the vast ocean  There he sacrificed certain oxen he had on the ship to Neptune and threw them overboard into the sea  He also made a drink offering and first poured that into the sea  Then he threw a golden vial and various golden goblets for a thank offering after it into the ocean  He prayed that since he planned to send Nearchus into the gulf of Persia  that he might safely arrive there   Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2210,"EventTxt":"Justin        c      states that when Alexander returned to the mouth of the Indus River  he built a new city called Barce as a memorial and erected some altars there  Curtius        c      says that at midnight he set out with a small company of ships when the tide started to go out and went far out from the mouth of the Indus River about   miles into the open sea  When he had done this  he sacrificed to the gods of those seas and neighbouring lands  Then he returned to the rest of his navy  Diodorus Siculus states that he went with some of his closest friends  out into the main ocean  He landed at two little inlets and offered there a magnificent sacrifice to the gods  He threw into the sea a number of very expensive golden cups and made drink offerings to the sea  When he was finished  he built some altars in honour of Tethys and Oceanus  Now that he had finished his intended voyage into the east  he returned with his navy up the river  On that journey he came to a prosperous and famous city called Hyala which government was very similar to that of Lacedemon","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2211,"EventTxt":"Two kings  descended from   houses  inherited their office from their fathers  They were in charge of military matters  Civil affairs were managed by a council of elders","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2212,"EventTxt":"When Alexander returned to the Patala against the stream  he found the citadel completed according to his directions  Pithon returned with his army  having completed his assigned task  Alexander planned to leave a part of his navy at Patala  The Indians of Cambais call it by this name to this very day   Here the Indus River divides into two branches  He put Hephaestion in charge of making the ports and docks for the navy","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2213,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile he made another journey to the ocean by the channel on the left hand side of the same river to determine which of the two channels was the best and easiest journey to the ocean and to return again  When he was almost at the mouth of the second channel  he found a certain lake in the channel  It was made either by this river s meandering or by waters which flow in there from other parts and made the river more wide there than in other places  The lake looked like an arm of the sea  He left there Leonatus with most of his army and with all his smaller ships  Alexander went on with his ships of   oars a piece and of two tiers of oars  He sailed again out into the vast ocean and found that this was the more spacious channel of the two to sail for taking commerce to Patala  He went ashore with certain cavalry and made a three day journey along the sea coast  He explored the coast where he had sailed  He had wells dug in various places for fresh water for his navy if they needed it   Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2214,"EventTxt":"The next day after his return from the ocean  Curtius        c     says that he sailed up the river to a certain salt water lake  Some men went into it not knowing the nature of it  They developed an infectious scab that spread to others  However  they quickly found an oil which cured it  If this was the same lake which I mentioned before from Arrian  then in all this history concerning Alexander s last return from the ocean  no author mentions this except for Arrian","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2215,"EventTxt":"When Alexander returned to Patala the second time  he sent a part of his army to dig those wells by the sea side  He ordered them to return to Patala as soon as they were done  He sailed again into the lake and made there new ports and other docks for his ships  He left a garrison there and stored a   month supply of grain and other supplies for the coastal voyage   Arrian        p      Now it seems that at this lake he built the city called Potana so that he might have a good port for his navy in that part of the ocean   Diod  Sic        p     in the Greek and Latin edition  compared with Agatharchides  his Excerptions in Photius  Cod     c     and with this place in Arrian","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2216,"EventTxt":"Curtius        c         writes that Alexander with his army stayed on the island of Patalena awaiting the arrival of spring  During that time he built many cities there  As winter was drawing to an end  he burned his ships which were unserviceable and marched away by land  Strabo        p      states that towards the summer season   which according to his account always began with the spring  he left India  I think he would not have said this had he better considered what Alexander said and was later affirmed by Nearchus  who was admiral concerning this voyage  He says  vv When the king was now on his way  he himself began his voyage in the autumn when the Pleiades or seven stars began to appear in the evening","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2217,"EventTxt":"Therefore it is obvious that in September  Alexander had sent Leonatus before him to dig wells in suitable places for the army in their overland march through a dry and desert country  He burned his ships which were leaky  He marched from Patala and came with all his army to the bank of the Arbis or Arabis  This river separates the Arbites or the Arabites and India  whom Dionysius Periegetes calls the Aribes and others call Abrite  from the Orites  For the Arbites inhabit the sea shore of India which lies between the Indus and Arbis Rivers for a distance of   miles according to Nearchus   in Strabo        p       Arrianus in his Indica  p     in fi   These are the farthest Indian people to the west   Arrian  in his Indica  p       Pliny        c      They are neighbours to the Oritans  Pliny        c       Arrian in his Indica  p      and speak their own language that is different from the Indians","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2218,"EventTxt":"These Arbites or Arabites were a free state living under their own laws  They were not strong enough to withstand Alexander nor willing to submit to him  As soon as they heard of his coming  they fled away to the woods and wildernesses","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2219,"EventTxt":"Alexander turned the rest of his army over to Hephaestion  He took one half of his silver targeteers  some of his archers  some regiments called Asseteri and a troop of his fellow cavaliers  From every regiment of cavalry he took one troop and all his archers on horseback  He kept the ocean on his left and journeyed westward  He ordered a number of wells dug along the seaside to supply his navy with fresh water when they passed by on their way to the Gulf of Persia","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2220,"EventTxt":"As soon as Alexander left  the Patalenians were inspired with fresh courage and the desire for liberty  They attacked Nearchus and the army that was left with him and forced him to flee to his ships  He had no wind to sail with   Strabo from Nearchus       p      For before the beginning of winter  which began with the rising of the Pleiades in the month of our November in those parts  it was a poor time for sailing   Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3678,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3678d AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2221,"EventTxt":"Therefore as soon as the etesian or trade winds were ended Nearchus prepared for the voyage  These winds blew all summer long from the sea to land and made all navigation along that coast impossible  When Nearchus sacrificed to Jupiter the deliverer and held certain gymnastic games  he set sail from there in the    th year of Alexander s reign  This was the time when Cephisodorus was the archon of Athens  He left on the  th day of the month Boedromion or October  st according to the Julian Calendar   This I have already showed in my discourse of the solar year among the Macedonians c       Arrian  his Indica   Now we had the name of Cephisidorus   years earlier in year   of the    rd Olympiad and also   years later in year   of the    th Olympiad  This was the year following Alexander s death according to the tables of the archons of Athens  If this name was correctly recorded by Arrian in this place  then this Cephisidorus may be the same person because of the closeness of the times  Then the following differences will happen in the  th year of the    th Olympiad for the names of the archons of Athens between Diodorus Sicilus  Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Arrian  Olympiad   Year Diodorus Dionysius Arrian   Euthycritus Euthycritus Hegemon   Chremes Hegemon Chremes   Anticles Chremes Cephisodorus   Sosicles Anticles Anticles","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2222,"EventTxt":"Pliny tells us that Alexander built a city at the place where Nearchus and Onesicratus started on their intended voyage  It is the same city we find called  Xulinopolis         c      It is amazing that in the same place  he adds that no man can farm there on that river  For where should it be  but on the island of Patalene  where they were left by Alexander to wait for a suitable season to begin their voyage  Where else but on the Indus River where the navy sailed and along which that fleet passed when it sailed down to the ocean   Arrian from Nearchus  in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2223,"EventTxt":"The  st day after they sailed from the port of Xulinopolis to go down the Indus River  they came to a good deep channel called Stura about     miles from the port  They anchored here for   days","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2224,"EventTxt":"The  rd day they sailed and came to another channel about     miles downstream  They found the water a little brackish  The tide had come up that far and mixed with the fresh water  This left a taste of salt in the place even at low tide  The name of the place was Caumana","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2225,"EventTxt":"From there they parted and came to a place     miles farther down on the river called Coreatis","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2226,"EventTxt":"They sailed again and had not gone far when they spied a rocky reef just at the place of the Indus River s mouth  It stretched to the shore which was also very rocky  They put in with the tide where the ground was softer and better to land ships at  They made a ditch   of a mile long as a breakwater between them and the sea","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2227,"EventTxt":"They sailed on for another   miles and came to a sandy island called Crocala and stayed there another day  Near the island on the mainland lived the Indian tribe called the Arabii from the Arabius River  This river divides them  as was said before  from the Oritans","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2228,"EventTxt":"Their journey is described in detail by Arrian from Nearchus  accounts        p      and later by Jo  Ramusius  in his Navigations         fol      The high points of the voyage are described by Pliny        c      as gathered from Onesicritus by King Juba  Those words from him show this where he says  It is fit I should here set down what Onesicritus records of this voyage  wherein he was by the command of Alexander  sailed from India into the very Mediterranean parts of Persia  From him again the story is related by King Juba","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2229,"EventTxt":"From this we may also understand those next words of Pliny  vv The voyage of Nearchus and Onesicritus  had neither names of places where they landed nor distances from one place to another","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2230,"EventTxt":"That is  as it is described by Juba or Onesicritus himself  For that both were told by Nearchus  as from Arrian noting from his account and has recorded both the one and the other","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2231,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had crossed the Arbis or Arabius River  the next night he marched through a great part of the sandy country and came the next morning into places that were well inhabited and cultured  He left the foot soldiers to follow in good array  He went on horseback with several troops and squadrons in very good order  They were widely spread out that they might take in and clear all the country before them  They were attacked by the Oritans  Many of them were killed or taken prisoner  Then they came to the bank of a small river and camped there","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2232,"EventTxt":"Alexander divided his company into three brigades  He gave one to Ptolemy to lead along by the coast  the second to Leonatus to pass through the middle of the country and its plain  Alexander took the third brigade and marched into the hill and mountainous country of that region  He wasted all that he found whereby the soldiers enriched themselves and slew many     sofmen","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2233,"EventTxt":"When Hephaestion  who had the greater part of the whole army under his command  came to Alexander  he marched forward to Rambacia  This was the principal division of all that country  When he found a place by the seaside  safe from all wind and weather  he presently ordered Hephaestion to build a city there  When it was finished it was called Alexanderia  He relocated the Arachosians to live there","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2234,"EventTxt":"Alexander took half of his silver targeteers  Agrians  a squadron of cavalry and archers on horseback  He marched away to the borders of the Oritans and Gediosians where he was told there was a narrow pass which separated the two countries  Both countries were camped there with their armies to keep the pass  No sooner had they heard of his coming but most of them abandoned the place and fled  Thereupon the chief of the Oritans went to him and submitted themselves and their whole country to him  The only charge which he laid upon them was to call home their country men to their homes  They were to assure them that in so doing all would be well with them and they would receive no harm","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2235,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Apollophanes joint governor of the Oritans with Leonatus  a captain of his bodyguard  He left Leonatus all his Agrians and some of his archers  He ordered the Oritans to await the coming of the fleet into those parts  In the meantime they were to go and help with the building of a new city and to order all matters there for the benefit of the people","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2236,"EventTxt":"He then marched with most of his army  for now Hephaestion had come to him  into the country of the Gedrosians which was mostly abandoned by the inhabitants  In this desert  Aristobulus says the Phoenicians which followed the army  bought what was sold there  They loaded their camels with myrrh and spikenard  Such spices and apothecary ware grew in abundance there  The whole army used it for coverings and beds to lie on  The spikenard which they walked over  gave off a most sweet smell that spread afar off   Arrian        p       Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2237,"EventTxt":"He sent Craterus before him with a part of the army into the midland countries  He was to subdue Arimania  all the regions to the west of India even as far as Carmania were called this  and to go into those places which Alexander planned to go through  Craterus marched through the countries of the Aracotti and the Drangae  He subdued by force the country of Choarma which refused to submit   Strabo        p         When Ozines  whom Arian calls Ordones  and Tariaspes who were two Persian nobles  revolted in Persia  Craterus subdued them by force and laid them in irons   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2238,"EventTxt":"Alexander with another part of the army went through the country of Gedrosia about   miles from the sea  Sometimes they camped near the sea  They marched through a barren  craggy  dry and desolate country  Alexander wanted to go by the sea coast all along so that he might discover what places there were in those parts fit to make ports in and make provision for his fleet  It was to come that way by his orders and for that purpose  he had wells dug and made ports for his navy   Strabo        p       Arrian     p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2239,"EventTxt":"For this purpose  he sent before him Thoantes with a competent company of cavalry to scout the sea coast  He was to see whether there were any good landing places or fresh water near the shore or other suitable provisions for them  When he returned to Alexander  he told him that he found there some poor fishermen  They lived in little cottages built and covered over with shells of fishes and the backbones of them serving for rafters  The men used little water and they had to dig for it in the sand and the water was not very sweet","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2240,"EventTxt":"Alexander finally came into a country of the Gedrosians where there was a supply of grain  He seized it all and sealed the sacks with his own signet  He placed it on wagons and sent it all away to the seaside  While he went to the next ports  the soldiers  broke the seals  opened the sacks and ate all the grain to satisfy their extreme hunger  Those who were the leaders in this matter were the ones entrusted with keeping it  When Alexander understood that it was done because of their hunger  he overlooked it  He sent all over the country to get more grain and had Cretheus carry it away to the seaside to supply the fleet and the army  The fleet at that very time landed in those parts  Alexander ordered the natives to go farther up into the country and from there to bring as much flour  dates and cattle as they possibly could  They were to carry it to be sold at the seaside to the army  He sent Telephus one of his friends to get more provisions of flour  He found some quantity of it although not much and carried it to another port according to his orders","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2241,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile some of the Oritans who dwelt in the mountains attacked Leonatus  brigade and killed a great number of them and then retired to safety again  according to Diodorus  Then the whole country of the Oritans joined with other neighbouring countries and made an army of some   foot soldiers and   cavalry and made a general revolt  Leonatus attacked them and killed   of their foot soldiers but he died in that fight  Apollophanes was the governor of that country and was appointed by Alexander  as we noted before   Curt        c     Arrian        p     and in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2242,"EventTxt":"Nearchus landed at this place with his fleet and loaded provisions of grain provided by Alexander  This would serve his army on board for   days  He repaired his ships that were leaky  He left any unfit sailors with Leonatus to serve on land and took others in their place from his companies   Arrian  in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2243,"EventTxt":"Philippus  whom Alexander had made governor over the Oxydracans and Mallians  was attacked and murdered by his own mercenary troops  The murderers were attacked by the Macedonians who were his guard  They shortly were taken and hewed in pieces for their deeds","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2244,"EventTxt":"It is said that Alexander endured more hardships and suffered more losses in the country of the Gedrosians than he did in all Asia  Of that army which he went into India  he scarcely brought a quarter of them out of Gedrosia  They endured grievous diseases  poor diet  burning heat  deep sands  shortages of water and famine  Nearchus says that Alexander knew of the difficulties of going that way  Purely from selfwilled ambition which reigned or rather raged in him  he was determined to force his way through  Someone had told him that Semiramis and Cyrus had gone that way into India  Therefore he was determined to return the same way out of it although it was told him that she was forced to save herself by fleeing from there with only   men in her company and Cyrus with only    Alexander thought to enhance his reputation if when they suffered there so much  he would be able to get out with his army safe and sound  Therefore Nearchus says that this desire to return home this way was partly from this ambition and partly to favour and relieve his navy which he had appointed to meet him in those parts  His guides lost their way through those vast sands because the wind had covered all the tracks which lead through the desert  Alexander had a hunch that the way must be on the left hand  He took a small company of cavalry with him and went to see whether he could find the sea shore  Their horses were all exhausted except for   by the length and heat of the journey  He left them behind and went with those   and came to the sea coast  He dug for a while and found fresh water to drink  Presently he sent back for his whole army to come there to him  When they came  he marched forward for   days along the sea coast and found plenty of fresh water all the way  When his guides recognised the way again  they led him up into the midland countries  as he wanted   Strabo        p     Arrian  p","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2245,"EventTxt":"After   months he left the country of the Oritans and came to the chief city of the Gedrosians  called Pura  He rested his army there and refreshed them with feasting  as was very fitting and a good time for him to do so   Strabo        p     Arrian  p          Plut  in Alexan","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2246,"EventTxt":"From there he sent away the swiftest couriers that he could possibly find to Phrataphernes whom he had left governor of Parthia and to the two governors of the provinces of Drangia and Aria which lay at the foot of the Taurus Mountain  They were ordered to assemble as many camels  dromedaries and others with all sorts of beasts of burden as they possibly could  They were all to be loaded with supplies of all sorts and sent immediately to meet him when he first entered into the country of Carmania  These letters were speedily carried to them and obeyed  When he came into Carmania he found there all kinds of provisions ready for him and his army at the appointed place","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2247,"EventTxt":"Menon  the governor of the Arachosians  recently died  Alexander appointed Sibyrtius as governor of both Arachosia and Gedrosia  Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-326,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4388,"Dating":"3679a AM, 4388 JP, 326 BC"}
{"Index":2248,"EventTxt":"As Alexander was marching towards Carmania  he received news of the death of Philippus  the governor of the Oxydracans and Mallians  Thereupon he wrote to Eudemus and Taxilas and in his letters he gave them the charge of these two provinces until he would send a governor to replace Philip","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2249,"EventTxt":"As soon as he entered Carmania  Asaspes the governor of that province met him  He was suspected that he would have revolted from Alexander while he was in India  Alexander concealed the grudge he had toward him and received him very graciously  He treated him according to his rank and station  Meanwhile  Alexander tried to determine if the charges were true","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2250,"EventTxt":"Craterus came to Alexander with the rest of the army and the elephants  He brought with him Ordones or Ozines and Zariaspes whom he had taken into custody for trying to revolt in Persia  Stasanor  the governor of the provinces of Parthia and Hircania came to him with the captains and commanders of all those forces which he had formerly left with Parmenion in the province of Media  That is Cleander  Sitalces  Heracon and Agetho who brought him   foot soldiers and   cavalry        Various governors in the parts of India sent him a huge number of horses and other beasts of burden  Some were for pack animals and others for military use  These came from every country of his dominions in India  Stasanor and Phrataphernes brought him a huge number of draft horses and camels  Alexander distributed them all among those that wanted them to carry their goods with  He gave some to select captains and the rest he distributed among the soldiers  by troops and companies  as he saw was needed  He also armed his soldiers with new weapons  The reason was they now drew near to Persia  It was a peaceful and very wealthy country","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2252,"EventTxt":"Alexander  as Arrian reports from Aristobulus  offered a sacrifice of thanksgiving to his gods for his victory over the Indians and for the safe journey of his army from Gedrosia  He entertained his armies with sports of music  wrestlings and such like  Moreover he made Pencestes  who covered him with his shield in the country of the Mallians  to be the chief captain of his bodyguard  At that time  only   men had this honour  Leonatus  Hephaestion  Lysimachus  Aristonus  all born in Pella   Perdiccas a Macedonian  Ptolemy the son of Lagus and Pithon  The  th man was Pencestes for his bravery in saving the king from the Mallians  Other writers  including Diodorus  Curtius and Plutarch  state that Alexander imitated Bacchus  In a drunken manner  he with his army spent   days crossing through Carmania   Diod  Sic    Plutarch in the life of Alexander and in the book of his good fortune   Curt        c           c              c      Arrian thinks this was unlikely since neither Ptolemy  Aristobulus nor any other credible writer mentions it","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2253,"EventTxt":"Aspastes the governor of Carmania  was put to death and was replaced by Tlepolemus   Curt        c     Arrian        p       in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2254,"EventTxt":"Cleander and Sitalces who slew Parmenion by Alexander s orders  were accused to Alexander for many villainies  which I mentioned before  which they had done along with their subordinates and the army  Their act of killing Parmenion could not atone for such a number of villainies and gross misbehaviour as they were charged with  Therefore Alexander put them in chains to be executed when he thought fit  However  Alexander executed the   private soldiers whom they had used as to perform their villainies  At the same time Alexander had Ozines and Zariaspes executed whom Craterus had brought as prisoners for attempting to rebel in Persia as we noted before","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2255,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Nearchus had sailed along the coast of the Arabians  the Oritans  the Gedrosians and the Icthyophagians  so called because they lived only upon fish  and arrived in the Gulf of Persia  He came to Harmozia or Armusia  which is now called Orus or Ormusa  and there drew up his ships  He went overland with a small retinue to Alexander  A Greek from Alexander s army told Nearchus that Alexander was not more than a   day journey from there  He found Alexander in a sea town called Salmus  busy making a stage play there and sitting in the open theatre","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2256,"EventTxt":"Alexander sacrificed there to Jupiter  by the name of a deliverer and to Hercules and Apollo  the deliverer from evil and Neptune for bringing his army safely across the ocean  He held sports  games of music and other gymnastic exercises  He had a pageant that was led by Nearchus  All the army worked to get flowers and garlands to bestow on him","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2257,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had heard the entire story of the voyage  he sent Nearchus back to the fleet with a small army to escort him  The whole country which he was to pass through was thought to be friendly  Alexander wanted him to sail up as far as the mouth of the Euphrates and be ready to row up to Babylon when ordered to","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2258,"EventTxt":"Tlepolemus was barely governor of Carmania  when the natives rebelled and took over the principal and strongest places of that country  These also attacked Nearchus on his return in various places so that he was often forced to flee   or   times in a day  After much trouble  he came safely to the sea side  He sacrificed to Jupiter his deliverer and held games of dancing  running  wrestling and the like  Then he sailed from Ormuse and followed the coast of the Persian Gulf  He finally came to the mouth of the Euphrates River   Arrian  in his Indica from Nearchus","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2259,"EventTxt":"When Alexander received letters from Porcus and Taxiles that Abisarus was dead  he gave his kingdom to his son  He sent Eudemon or Eudemus who was commander of the Thracians to take over the government of the Oxydracans and Mallians and replace Philip who was killed","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2260,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Hephaestion with the larger part of the army and with the wagons and elephants to go from Carmania to Persia by sea  The Persian Sea in the winter is always calm and there was abundant supplies in those parts","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2261,"EventTxt":"Stasanor was sent back to his government  Alexander with the choicest of his foot soldiers  the cavalry of his confederates and some of his archers marched to Pasargadas in Persia  He gave money to the women as was the custom of the Persian kings  Whenever they came into Persia  they gave to every woman there a piece of gold","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2262,"EventTxt":"As soon as he entered Persia  Orsines or Orxines met him  After the death of Phrasaortes  he was appointed governor there since Alexander was away far off in India  By Orsines  authority  the Persians were kept in subjection and in allegiance to Alexander until he ordered another governor to replace the dead one  Orsines was descended from one of the seven princes of Persia and traced his lineage from Cyrus  He came and met Alexander  He presented him and all his friends with rich gifts  He gave nothing to Bagoas the eunuch and the king s other homosexual lovers  He said it was not the Persian custom to show any respect to men who allowed themselves to be sexually used as women  This proved later to be the reason of his death   Curt        c             c     Arrian","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2263,"EventTxt":"While he was at Pasargadas there Atropates  the governor of Media arrived bringing with him the prisoner Baryaxes a Median who had worn his turban upright and called himself king of the Medes and Persians  Therefore he brought him as a prisoner to the king along with all those who had been part of the conspiracy  Alexander had them all executed immediately","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2264,"EventTxt":"Alexander was most of all offended at that vandalism of Cyrus  monument  He found it all broken down and spoiled  All the precious things which he had previously seen there except for a lector and a golden urn in which his body was placed  was stolen  The urn was broken and the covering of the urn taken off and his very body tumbled from it by those sacrilegious thieves  They had also tried to hew in pieces and batter the urn or coffin so they could carry it away in pieces more easily  This they were unable to do and they left it behind  Alexander ordered Aristobulus to rebuild his sepulchre as it was before  The parts of his body which were left were to be placed into the urn again and a new cover made for it  He was to restore everything as it was before  Then he was to seal the door which led into the chapel where the body lay with lime and stone and place the impression of the king s seal upon it   Strabo from Aristobulus        p       Arrian       fin","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2265,"EventTxt":"After this Alexander commanded the magi who guarded the sepulchre to be racked to make them confess who did this sacrilege  When they told him nothing they were let go  However  Plutarch says that Polymachus a Pellaean noble was put to death by Alexander for opening and looking into the sepulchre","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2266,"EventTxt":"From Pasargada  Alexander marched to Persepolis the royal seat of the kings of Persia  On his previous visit he had set it on fire and burned it to the very ground  However on his return there  he blamed himself for doing this  Orsines the governor there was falsely accused of many misdeeds  He is said to have spoiled and robbed the king s houses and sepulchres of the dead and executed many of the Persian nobility  In particular  Bagoas the eunuch put it into the king s head that perhaps it was Orsines that had robbed the sepulchre of Cyrus too  For he said that he had heard Darius say there were   talents stored there  Bagoas persisted so far with the king that he immediately caused the noblest person of all the Persian nation and Alexander s most affectionate servant to be crucified  Hence Bagoas got revenge against Orsines because he disapproved of Bagoas  homosexual lifestyle","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2267,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Phradtes  who had been formerly governor of the Hircanains  Mardians and Tapyrians was suspected of making himself a king and was executed   Curt        c             c","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2268,"EventTxt":"Alexander made Pencestes governor of Persia  He had proved his worth many times over especially in that danger of his among the Mallians  Of all the Macedonians  only Pencestes adopted Median clothes and started to learn the Persian language and began to order all matters after the Persian attire  Alexander commended him greatly for this and the Persians were glad to see him use the Persian rather than the Macedonian attire","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2269,"EventTxt":"A new fancy struck Alexander  He wanted go down the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers to see the Persian Sea and how those rivers entered into the Ocean  This he had done at the Indus River s mouth  Also  he planned to sail around the coast of Arabia first and then of all Africa  He would return into the Mediterranean Sea and to Macedon by the way of Hercules  Pillars   Arrian         When he was in this frame of mind  he ordered the governors of Mesopotamia to buy timber in Lebanon and to carry it to Thapsacus a city in Syria  They were to make keels for huge ships to be built on  They were not all of seven banks of oars high  as Curtius says  Some were of one size and some of another as we shall see shortly from Aristobulus  They were all to be brought overland to Babylon  The kings of Cyprus were ordered to provide brass  equipment and sails for this fleet   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2270,"EventTxt":"Nearchus and Onesicritus arrived with the fleet at the mouth of the Euphrates and anchored at Diridoris which is the chief market town of the whole province of Babylon  The merchants of Arabia sold their frankincense and spices here  When they heard that Alexander wanted to go to Susa  they went back and over to the mouth of the Pasitigris River  They rowed up that river and came to a country well inhabited and with plentiful provisions  When they had rowed about   miles  they came to an harbour there  They stayed there and waited for the return of those whom Nearchus had sent to find out where the king was  Meanwhile Nearchus sacrificed there to the gods  his deliverers and held games  All sailors were involved in this pastime and merriment   Arrian  in his Indica","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2271,"EventTxt":"Calanus was an Indian and of the Gymnosophista or the sect of Philosophers who went naked  In all his   years he had never felt an ache in his bones or other sickness in his body  He happened now to become ill with his first sickness at Pasargadas  He began to feel sick and he grew weaker every day  When he came to the borders of Susa   for there it was that this happened according to Diodorus and not in a suburb of the city of Babylon according to Elian        Varia  Histor  c      he asked Alexander if he would make a large pile of wood  When he climbed on top of it  he wanted some of his servants to set it on fire  At first the king endeavoured to dissuade him from his plan  When he could not  the man told him he would die some other way  Alexander ordered a pile of wood made as he desired  He had Ptolemy the son of Lagus take care of this   Diod  Sic        Strabo        p          Arrian         As he was going to the pile of wood  he greeted and kissed the hands and bade farewell to all the rest of his friends  He would not kiss Alexander s hand for he said that he would meet with him at Babylon and would have lots of time to kiss it there  He meant that Alexander would die at Babylon and predicted his death there   Arrian        p     Plut  in Alex  Cic        De Divinat  Valer  Max     I e","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2272,"EventTxt":"Nearchus tells us that as soon as the fire was started  Alexander had the trumpets sound  All the army that were there gave a shout as if they had been ready to join in a battle  Also at the same time the elephants made a noise like they used to do when they entered into a battle  It was as if all had planned to honour the funeral of Calanus   Arrian","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2273,"EventTxt":"Chares of Mitylene  adds that Alexander to honour his funeral proclaimed a prize for the musicians and wrestlers  To please the Indian nation  he held a drinking match which was their custom  He awarded a talent to him who could drink the most    pounds for second prize and  for the third prize  Alexander held a feast for his friends and captains  At that feast  Promachus drank the most  He drank   gallons and one bottle and was awarded first prize  He died three days later    of the rest were chilled by the event    others died shortly thereafter in their tents   Athenaus        c     Plutarch in Alexander  Elian  Varia  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679b AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2274,"EventTxt":"Nearchus and Onesicritus with their naval forces continued their course up the Pasitigris River and came to a recently built bridge over which Alexander with his army was to pass  They sailed into Susa and laid anchor   Arrian  in his Indica  p      Pliny        c      says they found him at Susa observing a holiday  This was   months after he left them at Patala and in the  rd month after they set sail from there  This really was in the sixth month since we have already shown that they left Patalene in the next month after he left them at the city Patala","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2275,"EventTxt":"When the naval and land forces came together  Alexander offered sacrifices again for both his navy s and army s preservation  He held plays and games for it  Wherever Nearchus went through the camp  every man scattered flowers and placed garlands on him   Arrian  in his Indica  p","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2276,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had sent away Attopates to his province  he marched to Susa  Abulites who had made no preparation at all for his entertainment  only presented him with   talents of silver  Alexander ordered him to lay it before his horses  When they would not do it Alexander asked for what purpose then is this money  Plutarch says that Alexander laid Abulites in irons and ran his son Oxathres or Oxyartes through with a javelin  Arrian says that he put both the father and son to death for their bad behaviour in the government at Susa","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2277,"EventTxt":"Many of the people of the countries which he had conquered  came in and complained about their governors  The governors never even dreamed that Alexander would ever return alive from India  Therefore they committed many and monstrous outrages on the temples of their gods  the sepulchres of the dead and the on their subjects and property  Alexander ordered all of those governors to be executed in the view of those who came to complain against them without any respect of nobility  favour or service which they had done  He executed Cleander and Sitalees whom he had condemned while he was yet in Carmania because they were as guilty as the rest  Heracon who up until now had escaped scot free  was now accused by the men of Susa for robbing and ransacking their temple  He was convicted and executed  Alexander was ready to listen to even a slight accusation about trivial matters and to punish it with death and torment  He did this even for small offences because he thought that they who acted improperly on small matters intended greater evils in their mind","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2278,"EventTxt":"When the fame of Alexander s severity against his officials spread  many feared what would become of them knowing how they had behaved  Some got all the money they could and fled to parts unknown  Others who commanded mercenary troops  openly revolted from Alexander  Thereupon Alexander sent letters to all the governors of the countries throughout all Asia to disband and send away all mercenary troops   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2279,"EventTxt":"No sooner then were the mercenary troops discharged  then they wandered over all Asia with no work  They lived from the spoil of the country until at length they all came into one body at Tenarus in Laconia  Likewise all the commanders and governors of the Persians who were left  gathered together what men and money they could and came to Tenarus  They all joined their forces together there   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2280,"EventTxt":"Alexander married Statira  the eldest daughter of Darius  and according to Aristobulus  Parysaris  the youngest daughter of Ochus  He gave Drypates  the youngest daughter of Darius and his own wife s sister in marriage to Hephaestion  He gave to Craterus  Amestris  the daughter of Oxyarta or Oxathra  a daughter of Oxathres  the brother of Darius  Perdiccas married the daughter of Attopates the governor of Media  Nearchus married the daughter of Spitamenes the Bactrian  He gave to Ptolemy the son of Lagus  the captain of his bodyguard and to Eumenes the two daughters of Artabazus and sisters to Barsina  By whom  though not in lawful wedlock  Alexander had a son called Hercules  Ptolemy s wife was called Artacama or Apama  Eumenes married Artonis  Note that the name Barsine in Arrian         p      is written for Statira  However  in Plutarch  in the beginning of the Life of Eumenes  he so names his wife instead of Artonis","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2281,"EventTxt":"To all the rest of his friends  Alexander gave wives  from the most illustrious families that were of the Medes and Persians  The number according to Arrian was   or   according to Elian or   according to Chares  or   according to Plutarch in his discourse of the Fortune of Alexander  These marriages of Alexander and his friends were all made and solemnised at the same time  The king bestowed a dowry for each one of them  For   days they celebrated these marriages with pomp  magnificent feasts and parties according to Elian         c     Var  Hist    by Atheneus  Deipnosoph        c     from Chares of Mytylene       of his History of Alexander   To each of the   guests  he gave a golden vial to sacrifice a drink offering with  To the rest of the     Macedonians who had formerly married wives from Asia he gave each man wedding gifts","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2282,"EventTxt":"Moreover  he thought it fitting at this time to pay every one of his soldiers  debts from his own funds  He ordered that each one should submit a ticket of what he owed and they would be given the money to pay their debt  At first very few gave in their tickets for they feared that this was but a scheme of the king s to find out who they were that could not live on their pay because of their riotous living  Among those who submitted a ticket was Antigenes  He had only one eye and had lost the other under Philip at the siege of Perinthis by an arrow from the wall  He pretended to be more in debt than indeed he was and brought a man to the pay master who affirmed that he had lent Antigenes so much money  Thereupon Antigenes received the money he asked for  The king was later informed of this abuse and was very angry  Alexander forbade him from ever coming within his court and removed him from his office  Antigenes took this ignominy to heart and thought to commit suicide  When Alexander knew of this  he forgave him and allowed him to enjoy his money","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2283,"EventTxt":"When Alexander heard that many who were truly in debt would not turn in their names to be given money to pay their debts  he publicly blamed them for being so distrustful of him  He said that a king should only be honest with his subjects just as the subjects should think the king was totally honest and fair to them  Then he had tables to be set out in various places of the camp with money on them  Whoever brought in his ticket of what he owed  received his money immediately without being asked so much as what his name was  Then they began to believe that Alexander was a man of his word","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2284,"EventTxt":"The money he distributed among his soldiers amounted to about     talents  according to Justin and Arrian  Diodorus is likely more accurate when he says it was less than     talents  Curtius and Plutarch say that of     talents brought  there were only   left after all were paid  Curtius says  vv So that army the conqueror of so many nations  brought yet more honour and glory then spoil and riches from Asia","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2285,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave other gifts at that time to various men in the army either according to degree and quality or in regard of some memorable service which they had done  For those who excelled in this bravery  he gave in addition crowns of gold to wear  The first one was given to Pencestes who protected him with his shield against the Mallians  The next he gave to Leonatus  who at the same time also fought most courageously in his defence and had on occasion behaved most bravely in the country of the Oritans  The third he gave to Nearchus who had brought his navy and army on ships safely from India through the ocean  The fourth crown was given to Onesicritus  the pilot of the king s ships  Hephaestion and other captains of his bodyguard received crowns also","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2286,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile the governors of various cities which he had built and various provinces he had subdued  brought     troops to him at Susa from Persia and other nations   See note on  AM  These were all good strong young men  These were selected by the king s command and trained in the Macedonian military manner  They were all gloriously armed and camped before the walls of Susa  When they had proven their readiness and skill in military discipline before the king  the king highly reward them  He called them the Epigoni  that is  of a later troop replacing those who in feats of chivalry and conquering the world had gone before them","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679c AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2287,"EventTxt":"Alexander had turned over most of his land army to Hephaestion to be led to the coast of the Persian Gulf  He had ordered his navy to come to the country of Susa  He sailed there with his silver targeteers  his phalanx or main squadron and part of his fellow cavalliers  They sailed down the Ulay River into the Persian Gulf  Before he came there  he left many of his ships which were leaky or damaged  With the rest he sailed from the mouth of that river by sea to the Tigris River  The rest he sent up the channel connecting the Tigris with the Ulay River and so they all came to the Tigris River","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2288,"EventTxt":"Alexander sailed along the shore of the Persian Gulf which lies between the mouth of the Ulay and Tigris Rivers and came to his camp  Hephaestion with the army was waiting for his arrival  He returned again to the city of Opis on the bank of the Tigris River  As he went on  he had all the dams  locks and sluices removed which the Persians had made on that river to hinder enemy access by the sea to Babylon  He said they were devises of little worth   Arrian        with Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2289,"EventTxt":"As soon as he came to Opis  he called all his army together and declared to them what his plans were  He wanted to discharge all who through age or otherwise found themselves unfit for military service  These would be free to return home  He promised to make the conditions of those who stayed so wonderful and to bestow such gifts upon them as to make their eyes ache of those who were idle at home  This would encourage the rest of the Macedonians to come and share with them in their fortunes","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2290,"EventTxt":"He did this planning to honour the Macedonians  However  they took it as if he was ashambed of them and counted them no better than a company of useless men for his wars  They seemed anxious to recall all other grievances and occasions of discontent he had done to them  He was wearing a Median robe and that all those marriages that he made were all solemnized after the Persian manner  Pencestes his governor of Persia had turned completely Persian both in clothing and language  Alexander delighted too much in these new customs and foreign fashions  The Bactrians  Sogdians  Arachosians  Zarangians  Arians  Parthians and Persian cavalry who were called Euaca were mixed with and counted among his fellow cavaliers  There was a  th Brigade of cavalry set up  It was not composed completely of foreigners but yet an increasing the number of his cavalry were from foreign countries  Cophes the son of Artabazus  Hydarves and Artiboles  the two sons of Mazaeus  Itanes the son of Oxyartes and brother to Roxane  Alexander s wife  Aegobares and his brother Mithrobaeus were in this new regiment  Hydaspes a Bactrian  was the commander over that regiment  Instead of the Macedonian spear  they used a javelin  after the custom of the foreign nations  He had created a new company of young foreigners and called them Epigoni and armed them after the Macedonian manner  Finally  in all things he despised and scorned the Macedonian discipline and customs and even the Macedonians themselves  Therefore they all cried out and desired to be discharged and to serve no longer in the wars  They bid him and his father Hammon to go and fight after this if they wanted to since he grew weary of and cared no more for his own soldiers who had previously fought for him","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2291,"EventTxt":"In this revolt  Alexander  enraged as he was  leaped off the place where he stood speaking to them  With such captains as were around him  he flew in among them and took   of the principal rebels who had stirred up this sedition among the rest  He delivered them to the Serjeants to be bound hand and foot and thrown into the Tigris River  So great was either the dread of the king on them or the resolution of the king himself in executing them according to marshal discipline that they took their death so patiently as they did  Then Alexander accompanied by only his friends and captians of his bodyguard  went to his lodging  He neither ate nor slept nor allowed any man to come into his presence all that day nor the one following","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2292,"EventTxt":"On the  rd day  he ordered the Macedonians to stay in their tents and called his foreign soldiers together  When they came  he spoke to them by an interpreter and ordered their perpetual loyalty to himself and to their former kings  He recalled all the many favours and honours which he had conferred upon them how he had never used them as conquered persons but as fellow soldiers and partners in all his conquests  He had mixed the conquered with the conquerors by intermarriage  He said  Therefore  count not yourselves as made  but born my soldiers  The kingdoms of Asia and Europe are become all one  What was novelty before is now grown natural by long use and custom and you are no less my country men than you are my soldiers","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2293,"EventTxt":"After this he chose from them   tall young men and appointed them for his personal bodyguards  He gave the chief commands of the army to the Persians and called the various troops and companies by Macedonian names  These he also called his kinfolk and friends  He only allowed them the privilege to be admitted to kiss his hand   See Polyanus Stratag     in Alexander num","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2294,"EventTxt":"The Macedonians saw the king come out guarded only with Persians and that all the Serjeants and other attendants were Persions  Only Persians were promoted to all the places of dignity and honour and the Macedonians were set aside with scorn and infamy  Their courage failed and they conferred a while among themselves  Then they ran all together to the king s lodging and cast off all their clothes to their very waist coats  They threw down their arms at the court gates and stood outside and begged to be admitted  They offered to turn over every author of that rebellion and desired the king to be satisfied with their deaths rather than their disgraces  Although Alexander was no longer angry  he would not let them in  On the contrary they would not go away but continued there crying and howling two whole days and nights  They called on him by the name of lord and master and promised never to leave his gate until he had mercy on them  On the  rd day he came out to them  He saw their humiliation and dejection before him with their genuine sorrow  He heard their pitiful complaint and lamentation which they made and was moved with compassion for them  He wept a long time over them  He stood a good while as if he would speak to them but could not and they continued all that time on their knees before him","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2295,"EventTxt":"Callines  a man venerable for his age and of great esteem in the regiment of his fellow cavaliers  spoke to him  vv This is what O king which grieves your Macedonians that now you have made some of the Persians your cousins and these you have received to kiss your hand and have deprived your Macedonians of this honour","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2296,"EventTxt":"When he would have proceeded  Alexander interrupted him  and said  VV I now make you all my cousins and from henceforth will call you by that name","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2297,"EventTxt":"When he had said this  Callines stepped out and went and kissed his hand and so did as many others who wanted to  Every man took up his arms again and they all returned with joy and triumph into the camp","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2298,"EventTxt":"Then the king went and sacrificed to the gods as he was accustomed to do  He made a general feast for all the army  He sat down first  Then his Macedonians were seated and then the Persians  After them  the rest according to their various ranks and stations in the army  Then Alexander took from the bowl and drank  So it went round among the Macedonians  The Greek prophets and Persian priests poured forth their prayers  Among all the favours they asked from their gods for him  was to grant a concord and unity of empire between the Macedonian and Persian kingdoms  It is said that there were   guests who sat at this feast and that they all pledged this concord and sang the same Paeana  or song of joy and gladness to Apollo as they used to do when they returned from a victory to their camp","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2299,"EventTxt":"Alexander passed over the Tigris River and camped in a country called Cares  When he crossed the region called Sitacene in a   day march  he came to Sambana  He camped here   days and then after a   day journey  he arrived at Celovae  Before this  Xerxes had made a colony of those whom he brought from Baeotia  Then turning aside from the way to Babylon  he went to see Bagisthenes  a country abounding with fruit and all other commodities that are good for one s health and pleasure","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2300,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Harpalus a Macedonian who was the chief baron and treasurer of all the king s money in Babylon and revenues of that whole province  knew well of his wastefulness and bad conduct in that office  He also knew what Alexander had done to many other governors when complaints were made about them by their subjects  He got   talents of silver and   mercenaries and fled from Asia and came with them to Taenarus in Laconia  He left them there   Others who could not stay in Asia had already exciled themselves here  as I said before  He went to Athens in a humble manner  When Antipater and Olympias demanded him from their hands  he so dealt with the people of Athens by seeing Demosthenes and other orators there that he escaped and returned safely to his company at Taenarus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Pausanias in his Attica  Plurtarch in the lives of Demosthenes and Phocyon   In Arrian there is a blank left         p      where the flight of Harpalus from Babylon should have been recorded with that journey of Alexander s after   as appears by Photius in his Biblioth  c      There was an action brought against Harpalus for bribes he received according to Dionysius Halicarnassaeus  in the end of his Epistle to Ammaeus concerning Demosthens when Anticles was archon at Athens  This was  as I said before  in this  th year of the    th Olympiad  according to his account","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2301,"EventTxt":"Hephaestion and Eumenes had an argument about a certain gift and exchanged many harsh words  Alexander settled the difference and made them friends again  Hephaestion was unwilling at first and Alexander had to threaten him  However  Eumenes was content with the settlement   Plut  in Eumenes  Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3679,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3679d AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2302,"EventTxt":"Alexander went from there into a country  where great herds of horses of the Persian kings grazed  In this place  called the Nicean Country  there were used to be kept     or     of the king s horses  When Alexander came there  he found about     horses   Arrian  Diodorus Sicilus states there were about     horses  Most of the horses had been stolen","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2303,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had camped here   days  he marched again and   days later came to Ecbatane  the chief city of all Media  Its circumference was over   miles  As his custom was after any good success  he offered sacrifices and held games of music  gymnastics and exercises in honour of his gods  He feasted with his friends  When he had ordered matters there  he returned again to see his stage players and actors play their parts  He instituted certain feasts because   cooks and their helpers had come to him from Greece","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2304,"EventTxt":"Apollodorus of Amphipolis was a friend of Alexander and whom he had made general of that army which he had left with Mazaeus when he made him governor of the city and province of Babylon  When he heard what had happened to other governors Alexander had placed over his kingdom  he was afraid just as his friend Harpalus was before him  Apollodorus had a brother called Pythagoras  who was a soothsayer  He consulted him by letters to find out what was likely to happen to him  Pythagoras sent back letters and desired to know whom he feared that he wanted his fortune told  He replied that it was for fear of Alexander and Hephaestion  Thereupon Pythagoras looked into the entrails of a beast for Hephaestion  When he found that its liver had no fibres  he wrote back again to his brother from Babylon to Ecbatane  He told him not to fear Hephaestion for he would soon die  Aristobulus states this letter was written the very day before Hephaestion died   Arrian        with Apian  toward the end of his second book De Bell  Civi","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2305,"EventTxt":"Hephaestion loved wine too much and became sick because of it  He was a young soldier who would not keep any diet he was told to follow  While his physician Glaucias was away for a time  he ate dinner as he did at other times  He had a roasted guinea fowl and took a huge draught of chilled wine after it  He became sick and died   days later from this","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2306,"EventTxt":"On the same day there were gymnastic games performed before the king by the pages of the court  When he was told of Hephaestion s illness  he suddenly arose from the games and went to see Hephaestion  When he came  he found him dead  Thereupon he did not eat for   days nor take care of himself  He lay all that while either sullenly silent or impatiently lamenting the loss of his Haphaestion  Afterwards he changed his attire and shaved himself  He ordered all the soldiers and even the horses and mules to be all shorn  He had the pinnacles taken from the walls in Ecbatane and all other cities and towns around there  He wanted them to look poorly so they would appear to lament and bewail his death  He crucified his poor physician who could not help him  He ordered that there be no sound of pipe or flute heard in all the camp and ordered a general mourning among all provinces for Hephaestion   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Plut  in his Alex    Peloprdas  Arrian          on Epistetus        c       Elian Var  Hist        c","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2307,"EventTxt":"Alexander gave his body to Perdiccas to be carried to Babylon  He intended to give him a most magnificent funeral  He often spoke with the principal architects around him about making a most splendid monument for him  He spoke most with Stasicrates who knew of rare inventions used for creating and erecting vast buildings","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2308,"EventTxt":"Eumenes feared lest Alexander might think that he was glad for Hephaestion s death  He encouraged Alexander all the more on this project and suggested to him new ways to honour Hephaestion  He devoted himself and his arms to Hephaestion  Various others of Alexander s friends followed Eumenes  example and did likewise   Plutarch in the life of Eumenes    Arrian","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2309,"EventTxt":"Moreover since Hephaestion was the colonel of the regiment of the king s fellow cavaliers  Alexander did not replace him lest the name of Hephaestion should be forgotten among them  He named that regiment  Hephaestion s regiment as he called the cornet after him which he gave to go before them whenever they went to battle","YearBCAD":-325,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4389,"Dating":"3680a AM, 4389 JP, 325 BC"}
{"Index":2310,"EventTxt":"At last to lift his spirits  Alexander started a needless war  He divided his army with Ptolemy and went hunting men and to clear the country as he would clear a forest of wild beasts  He attacked the Cossaeans  a people bordering on the Uxians who lived in the mountainous parts of Media  The Persian kings could never bring them under their subjection  Nor were these people in all these wars ever discouraged or thought that the Macedonians were such great warriors as to be afraid of them  First he took the passes leading through the mountains into their country and wasted their borders  Then he went further on and routed them in various conflicts  He destroyed them wherever he came without mercy and called that Hephaestion s funeral feast  As well Nearchus according to Arrian  tells us that Alexander attacked these Cossaeans in the depths of winter  when they little dreamed of any enemy coming upon them   Strabo        p     Arrian        p       in his Indica  p     See also Polyanus  Stratag        in Alexan  num","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680b AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2311,"EventTxt":"The Cossaeans saw they were being badly defeated and were grieved to see what large numbers of them were taken prisoners  They were forced to redeem their fellow s lives with their own slavery  They surrendered entirely to Alexander s will and pleasure  He granted peace to them on these conditions  They would always obey the king and do whatever he commanded  So Alexander returned with his army after he subdued all that country within   days time  He built various cities on the most difficult passes of the country","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680b AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2312,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent Heraclides  with certain shipwrights into Hircania to cut timber there for building ships  They were all to be men of war  some with decks some without after the Greek design  He had a great desire to see the Caspian Sea and to know to whom it belonged","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680b AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2313,"EventTxt":"When he had crossed with his army over the Tigris River  he marched straight towards Babylon  He made many camps along the way and rested his army in various places  When he moved at any time  he made easy marches  When he was about   miles from Babylon  he was met by the Chaldean priests and prophets  They were sent to him by one of their own company  called Bellephantes  They advised him that under no conditions should he go to Babylon for if he did  he would die there","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2314,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was told by Nearchus   for he dared not talk with Bellephantes  what the Chaldean s message was  he sent many of his friends there  He turned aside from Babylon and would not go into it  He camped about   miles from it at a place called Bursia  This perhaps is the same place which Ptolemy calls Bersita  a city long since destroyed","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2315,"EventTxt":"There Anaxarchus and other Greeks persuaded him not to regard those predictions of the priests and magicians but rather to reject and despise them as vain and false  Thereupon he quoted that iambic verse of Euripades  vv Who best can guess  he the best prophet is","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2316,"EventTxt":"Then the Chaldeans desired him that if he would enter that city that at least he would not enter it with his face toward the west  He should take the trouble to go about it and come into it looking toward the east  Aristobulus tells us  that he listened to this  On the first day he marched as far as to the Euphrates River  On the next day  he had the river on his right hand and marched along its bank  He wanted to pass by that part of the city which looked toward the west so that he might come in looking toward the east  When he found that way marshy and hard for his army to pass over  he neglected that very point of their counsel also  He entered Babylon with his face toward the west   See Appian  toward the end of his second book  De Bello Civi  and Seneca  Suasor","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2317,"EventTxt":"When Alexander came to the walls of the city  he looked and saw a flock of crows  fighting and killing one another  Some fell down dead close to him  Apollodorus told him that he had a brother in that city called Pythagoras who was skilled in soothsaying by looking into the bowels of beasts that were offered for sacrifice  He had already consulted the gods that way concerning Alexander  He immediately sent for him and asked him what he found out concerning him  He told Alexander that he found the liver of the beast without any fibres  Alexander asked what that meant  Pythagoras replied that some great evil hangs over your head   Appian has it that you shall shortly die   Alexander was not offended by him  Indeed from that time on  Alexander consulted him the more because of his candour in dealing with him  This much Aristobulus relates that he learned directly from Pythagoras","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2318,"EventTxt":"The Babylonians entertained his army in a very courteous manner as they did the last time he was there  They indulged in ease and luxury  There was no lack of anything there that the heart would desire   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2319,"EventTxt":"While Alexander resided at Babylon  there came ambassadors to him from all the parts and nations of the world  For besides those that came out of Asia  from cities  princes and countries there  many came from other countries in Europe and Africa  From Africa came the Ethiopians who lived near the temple of Hammon and from the Carthaginians and other Punic countries bordering all along the sea coast from as far as the Pillars of Hercules and the western sea  From Europe came ambassadors from various cities of Greece  Macedon  Thracians  Illyrians and Scythians  The Brutians  Lucanians and Etruscians came from Italy along with the islands of Sicily and Sardinia  They also came from Spain and France whose very names and countries the Macedonians had never heard of before","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2320,"EventTxt":"Alexander had a list made of them and appointed who of them should see him first until he would have heard them all  He decided to see those who came about religious matters first  After that he would see those who brought him presents  Next he would see those who came about wars which they had with their neighbouring countries  Next he would see those who came about their particular and private interests  Lastly he would see those who came to show why they did not restore any Greeks whom they had banished from their cities or countries to their homes and estates again  In order to hear them  he had a throne of gold to be set up in the garden there and placed seats of silver for his friends  He took his place with his friends to hear these ambassadors   Athenaus       c     from Ephippius Olynthius  His main purpose was that after he heard them  to answer them so they would be content and to send every man away satisfied and well pleased","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2321,"EventTxt":"The first ones to see him were those who came from the city Elis  After he saw those who came from the temple and city of Ammon  from Delphi  from Corinth  Epidaurus and others  He heard each of them in order of the dignity and fame of the temples rather than of the cities from where they came from","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2322,"EventTxt":"When he had heard the ambassadors from Epidaurus and granted their request  he sent a present and oblation by them to their god Eseulapius  He added these words  vv that Eseulapius had dealt but unfavourably with him  in recently taking away from him  a friend  whom he loved as his own life","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2323,"EventTxt":"He took all the statues of the illustrious persons or images of the gods or any other consecrated thing that Xerxes had before taken from Greece  He had set them up or otherwise placed them in Babylon  Susa  Pasargada and elsewhere in all Asia  Alexander ordered the ambassadors of Greece to take and carry these statues home again with them  Among the rest  he had the brass statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton to be returned to Athens with the image of Diana Cercaea","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2324,"EventTxt":"Concerning the restitution of the exiles of Greece  he sent this short epistle by Nicanor  a native of the city Stagyra  to be read and proclaimed at the next Olympic games  King Alexander  to the outcasts of Greece sends greeting  We were not the reason that you were banished but we will take care to see you are all restored to your former estates except such as are banished for outrageous crimes  Concerning these things we have written to Antipater and ordered him to proceed by way of force  against all such as shall oppose your restitution   Diod  Sic        year    Olymp             year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2325,"EventTxt":"When he had taken care of all the ambassadors  he started to prepare for Hephaestion s funeral  He ordered all the cities in the region to contribute whatever they possibly could to the funeral  Moreover he expressly ordered all the cities and countries of Asia to put out the fire which the Persians called the Holy Fire  until after the funeral  This was the custom in the funerals of the kings of Persia  This action was taken as an ill omen to the king himself and as portending his death","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2326,"EventTxt":"Thereupon all his chief commanders and friends made medallions of Hephaestion  carved from ivory or cast in gold or some other costly metal  Alexander called together the best workmen that were to be had  A large number of them broke down the wall of Babylon for about     miles  They took its brick and first levelled the place  They built on the location a square funeral pyre about   feet    cubits  high about   yards long  The body was to be burned on this  This work Diodorus describes in detail giving the total cost of this splendid funeral  The mourners  the soldiers  ambassadors and natives of the country tried to outdo each other in giving to this project  More than     talents was collected   Justin       c      Plutarch and Arrian say it was about     talents","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2327,"EventTxt":"Alexander first threw Hephaeston s weapons into the fire and then threw in the gold and silver along with a robe of great value and esteem among the Persians   Elia  Var   Histor        c      Besides this  Alexander held games of gymnastics and music far beyond all that he had ever done before  The number of the winners and value of the prizes was greater than anything before  It is said  that there were no less than   who entered the games for the prizes of all kinds   Arrian","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2328,"EventTxt":"It happened that Philip  one of the king s friends returned to him from the temple of Hammon where he had been sent  He brought word from the oracle there that Hephaestion might be sacrificed to as a demigod  This greatly pleased Alexander  First of all  Alexander offered to him after that custom and then sacrificed to him     beasts of all kinds  He made a magnificent feast for all the people   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Arrian        p         He ordered Cleomenes the governor of Egypt  See note on  a AM  a lewd man  to erect temples in Hephaestion s name  He also ordered that no written contract would be good or valid if Hephaestion s name was not subscribed to it  He added this also in the letter which he wrote to him about this matter  vv For if I shall find that you have duly erected temples to Hephaestion in Egypt as to a demigod  I will not only pardon you of all your past offences which you have committed in your government but whatever you shall do after this shall never be laid to your charge by me","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2329,"EventTxt":"Thereupon many cities started building temples and shrines to Hephaestion  They erected altars  offered sacrifices and observed holidays in his name  The most religious oath that a man could take was if he swore by Hephaestion  it is true or false  Death was the reward for any man who faltered or failed in his devotion to him  Many dreams were said to have been of him and that his ghost appeared to many  Many words were recorded which his ghost had spoken and the answers which it made  Sacrifices were offered to him as to a tutelar god and a revenger of all evil  Therefore Alexander at the very first was wonderfully pleased with such fancies in other men but after a while  he began to believe them himself  He bragged that he himself was not only Jove s son but also that he could make gods of other men  At which time also  one Agathocles  a Samian and one of Alexander s best captains was in extreme danger for his life  He was accused that when he passed by Hephaestion s tomb  he was seen to weep  He would have undoubtedly died for it had not Perdiccas helped him out by a lie of his own making and swore to it by Hephaestion  He said that Hephaestion appeared to him as he was hunting and told him that Agathocles wept for him indeed but not as for one that was dead and now vainly called upon and worshipped as a god  He wept only in a due remembrance of the former intimacy and familiarity that was between the two of them  Except for this tale  Agathocles a great soldier and loyal to the king  would have died for being so kind to his deceased friend   Lucian  in his book of false accusing","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680c AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2330,"EventTxt":"The    th Olympiad was celebrated at Elis  All agree that Alexander died in that year   Josephus       cont  Apio   This was the time when Hagesias or Hegesias was archon at Athens   Diod  Sic         This is confirmed by Arrian in his  th book of the deeds of Alexander that Alexander died toward the end of his year of archonship  in this very Olympiad year  This shall be noted by the month when he died","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2331,"EventTxt":"At the general assembly of all Greece at the Olympic games Alexander s letter for the restoring of all exiled persons to their homes and estates again was read publicly by the one who announced the winners in any game  Nevertheless  the Athenians and Etonans protested against it   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin        c","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2332,"EventTxt":"While he was at Babylon  Alexander received his fleet according to Aristobulus  Part of it sailed down the Euphrates into the Persian Sea under the command of Nearchus  Some of the ships had been built in Phoenicia and Cyprus    of the Phoenician ships had   tiers of oars and   ships had   tiers high and   were   tiers high    vessels had   oars each  All these ships had been taken apart in pieces and carried overland to the city Thapsaca and there reassembled  They sailed on the Euphrates to Babylon  Alexander had some other ships also to be built at Babylon from those Cypress trees which he found in their gardens there  There was no other timber in those parts fit for ship building  Moreover there was brought to him at Babylon  all other provisions for shipping from Phoenicia and other cities that were along the sea coasts in Asia  Also shipwrights and mariners of all types came to him   Strabo        p     Arrian        p     from Aristobulus","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2333,"EventTxt":"Alexander had a port made at Babylon that was large enough to receive   warships  He had built galleries and docks there and sent Maccalus a Clazomentan  with   talents into Phoenicia and Syria  He was to persuade or hire as many seamen as he possibly could to come and serve him  Alexander planned to make several colonies on the Persian Gulf and assured them that those places would be as lavish to dwell in as any places in Phoenicia   Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2334,"EventTxt":"All these naval preparations were made to attack the Arabians  under the pretence that among all other nations only they sent no ambassadors to him and showed no respect to him  The real reason was he had an inordinate desire to be sovereign over all  He had heard that they worshipped only two gods Jove and Bacchus  Alexander thought himself worthy to be worshipped as a third god among them if he could overcome them and restore to them  as he had done to the Indians  their pristine liberty   Strabo       p       Arrian        p","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2335,"EventTxt":"Alexander was told that Arabia that bordered on the sea coast  was as large as all India and had many islands lying near their coast  He sent Archias and Androsthenes  that is that Androsthenes of Thasus of whom Strabo        p     and Theophrastus        of Plants  c     mention   and Hieron of Solos with   ships of   oars apiece  They were to sail from Babylon with orders to sail around Chersonese or the peninsula of Arabia  They were to find out what they could about all the ports in that region  Concerning these ports  Arcmas brought him word that there were two islands which lay out in the sea at the mouth of the Euphrates River  The smaller one he consecrated to Diana and was   miles offshore  Alexander  according to Aristobulus  named the island Learus  The larger island was a day and night s sailing from the shore in the same latitude called Tylus  However Hieron who went further than any of the rest  brought him word that the Chersonse was of a vast size and had a cape which ran far out into the ocean  Those who came with Nearchus by sea from India  described it to be not far off before they arrived at the mouth of the Euphrates River   Arrian          in the end also of his Indica","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2336,"EventTxt":"While his ships of war were being built and a harbour was being dug at Babylon  Alexander sailed down the Euphrates River   miles from Babylon to the mouth of the Pallacopa River  They rowed up and down and according to Aristobulus  he sometimes steered his own boat  He saw some ditches which he had scoured by those that were with him  They dammed up the mouths of some and opened others  They saw one dike among the rest on the Arabian side toward its marshy places  The outlet was difficult to dam because of the weakness of the soil  Alexander opened a new mouth some   miles from the other in somewhat more firm and hard ground and forced the water course in that direction  He saw there many monuments of the old Assyrian kings and princes who lay buried in that marshy country and in the middle of those lakes   Strabo        p     Arrian","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2337,"EventTxt":"They sailed through those lakes into the body of Arabia  Alexander built a walled city there and planted there a colony of mercenary Greeks  volunteers and such as through age or otherwise were grown unfit for the war   Arrian","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2338,"EventTxt":"He began to laugh and scoff at the Chaldeans and their predictions  He had entered Babylon and left it safely with his fleet  Therefore he sailed the more boldy through those lakes of Arabia  having Babylon on his left hand   Arrian        Appian  toward the end        De Bell  Civil","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2339,"EventTxt":"When a part of his army wandered up and down in those parts and were lost for lack of a pilot  Alexander sent them one who brought them into the right channel again  Then there arose a mighty wind which separated Alexander s ship from the rest of the fleet and hurled the king s hood off from his head into the water  His turban or diadem which was fastened to it  was rent from it and driven by the wind onto a large reed which grew close to a sepulchre of one of the kings who was buried there  as I said before  One of the mariners saw it and swam to it  He took it up and put it on his own head on his return for fear of getting it wet  Aristobulus says that the mariner who did it  was a Phoenician and that he was well scourged for presuming to put the king s turban on his head  After this accident Alexander consulted a wizard and was advised to offer a magnificent sacrifice to the gods and to be very diligent and devout in it   Diod  Sic  see Appian  in his Syriaca  p     in the Greek and Latin edition","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2340,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was told that the Athenians and Etolians would not obey his edict concerning the restoring of their exiles  he ordered   warships to be built  He planned to make a war in the west and to begin it with the destruction of Athens but died before he could do this   Justin       c       Curtius       c","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3680,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3680d AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2341,"EventTxt":"When Alexander returned to Babylon  he indulged in its luxuries  He was so addicted to gluttony and drunkenness that in the diaries that were kept by Eumenes Cardianus and Diodorus Erythraeus  it is often found that such and such a day or night Alexander was carried drunk to bed   Athena       c     with Phillinus in Plut        Sympos  c      One example of this is cited by Elian         Var  Histor         from Eumenes  I thought it good here to insert  so that may appear that some use may be made of my treatise of the Macedonian year compared with the days of our Julian Calendar  I first corrected that place in Elian where it is written without any sense and making it the month called Dios as thus  vv On the  th of the month Dios  our Sept      he drank himself drunk at Eumaus  house  He did nothing all that day but rose and ordered his captains where they should march tomorrow  He told them that he would be going very early  On the  th day  our September    he dined with Perdiccas and started drinking again  On the  th  our October  st  he slept all day and upon the  th of the same month  our October  th  he was drinking again  The next day  our October  th   he slept off all day according to his custom  Upon the  th  our October  th   he ate at Bagoas  lodging which was     miles from the king s palace  Then on the  rd  or rather the  th  he slept it off again","YearBCAD":-324,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4390,"Dating":"3681a AM, 4390 JP, 324 BC"}
{"Index":2342,"EventTxt":"When Alexander saw Babylon excel both in greatness and all other things  he planned to embellish it all that he could and to make it the place of his residence for the rest of his life   Strabo        p      He resolved to rebuild the temple of Belus and raise it from its ruin  Some say he planned to make it more magnificent than ever it was before  In his absence the Babylonians went on more slowly in the work than he would have liked  Therefore he intended to have all his army work on it  The work would require much labour and lots of time  Therefore he was not able to go through with it as he wanted to because he died soon after this   Strabo        p       Arrian       p","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681b AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2343,"EventTxt":"Alexander dreamed that Cassander killed him  He had never seen the man in all his life and shortly after this when he happened to see him  he recalled his dream  At first this alarmed him but when he understood that he was a son of Antipater  he cast out any fear of any harm from him especially of poison  This was at that time being prepared for him  He merrily utterred a certain Greek verse purporting that  So many dreams  So many lies","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681b AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2344,"EventTxt":"or something to that effect","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681b AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2345,"EventTxt":"When Cassander saw the foreign people prostrating themselves when they came to him and since he had never seen this done before he started to snicker  Alexander was furious and wrapped both his hands in his long hair and he beat his head against the wall   Plut  in Alexand","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681b AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2346,"EventTxt":"A rumour was circulated that Antipater had sent a poison by Cassander to deliver it to his brother  Iolla  the cupbearer to the king  Iolla was supposed to have poisoned Alexander s last drink  It was also said that at the same time Alexander had sent Craterus with a company of old soldiers to succeed Antipater   Curt        c      Concerning the poison of which Alexander is said to have died  see Andraeas Schottus  and his collections on it made from various authors in the comparison which he makes  of the lives of Aristotle and Demosthenes   to the  st year of the    th Olymp  and Mathaus Raderus  on Curt        c      As for Craterus and his old soldiers that were sent away with him into Macedon  although Justin  Arrian and Plutarch report this event happening before the death of Hephaestion  However  it ought have happened at this time and not before as appears by many other arguments  In particular that at the time of Alexander s death  Craterus with his old maimed soldiers had not come into Macedonia but was still in Cilicia","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2347,"EventTxt":"Those who wanted to of the Macedonians who found themselves disabled through age or other weaknesses of body to follow the war any longer were dismissed by Alexander to return into their own country  The number of them at this time  came to       Diod  Sic        year    Olymp       Justin        c      states that it was        To each he not only gave their full pay for the time of service but also money for the journey home  If any of them had children from Asian wives  Alexander asked them to leave them with him  He feared lest that half breeds might in time stir up some rebellion in Macedon in contending with the wives and children who lived there  He promised that when the children were grown up  they would be trained in marshal discipline after the Macedonian custom  Then they would have them sent home to them  Justin says that those who returned  had their full pay for the time of their journey  Plutarch states that the children of the deceased  continued to receive their father s pay  He further adds that Alexander wrote to Antipater that they who returned should have the best places given to them in the theatres and should sit there with garlands on their heads  When they parted  they all wept including the king","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2348,"EventTxt":"Together with these  various friends were sent home according to Clytus  Gorgias and Polysperchon  If Claterus should happen to die on the way  as he was at that time quite weak and sickly  they would have a noble commander to lead them  He ordered Craterus to take the government of Macedon  Thrace  Thessaly and of free Greece in Antipater s place  Antipater was to come to Alexander and to bring with him an army of young lusty Macedonians to replace the old ones which he had sent home to him","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2349,"EventTxt":"When Craterus was sent to lead some old worn out soldiers into Cilicia  he received written orders from Alexander  Diodorus Siculus using the king s own commentaries states the main points were these  He should have   war ships of   tiers of oars built that would be a little larger than ships of that size  These were to be constructed in Phoenicia  Syria  Cilicia and Cyprus for his wars against the Carthaginians and others bordering on the sea coasts of Africa  Spain and the islands as far as Sicily  He was to give orders that his way along the sea coast of Africa as far as Hercules  Pillars was to be ready for him  To set aside   talents to build   magnificent temples  He was to make ports in various places suitable to receive that large fleet  He was to take men from Europe into Asia and likewise from Asia into Europe to live in such new cities as he would build in either continent  Alexander hoped that by inter marriages he might establish a peace between the two main continents of the world  These were his plans of which Lucan speaks in this manner          His purpose was the Atlantic Sea to   Nor fire  nor water  nor the Lybian sand  Nor Ammons Syrts could bound his vast desires  He would into the western clime wave gone  Where the sun stoops to fall into Tethis  And to have marched quite round about the poles  And drunk Nile s water  where it first doth rise  Had not death met him and his journey stayed  Nothing but nature could a period bring  To the vast projects of this mad cap king","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2350,"EventTxt":"A little before his death  ambassadors came to him from Greece to acknowledge him as a god  They wore crowns of gold and placed them on his head","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2351,"EventTxt":"Pencestes returned from Persia with about     Persians and also brought a large company of Cossaeans and Tapurians along with them to Babylon for his service  These nations bordered on Persia and were reckoned the most warlike of any other nation  Philoxenus came with an army from Caria and Menander with another army from Lydia and Menidas with an army of cavalry  Alexander commended the devotion of the Persian nation and especially Pencestes for his just discreet government among them  He ranked both them and also those who came from the sea side with Philoxemus and Menander with his Macedonian squadrons  He had frequent naval exercises in which there were often sea fights between the ships of   and those of   tiers of oars on the Euphrates River  As well the mariners and the commanders in these exercises worked hard to outdo their opponents  Alexander always bestowed crowns and honoured those that did the best","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2352,"EventTxt":"Once when he was ordering those companies who came with Philoxenus and Menander among his Macedonian squadrons  he happened to be thirsty  Arrian       from Aristobulus  He left his throne and some of his friends on the thrones next to his left to attend him  It happened that a certain lowly man   some say that he was committed to custody but without irons on him  came through the middle of all the bodyguards and other officers  who stood closely around the throne and sat down on the king s throne  The bodyguards dared not pull him off the throne because there was a Persian law to the contrary  They rent their clothes  beat their faces and pounded their breasts  They took this as an exceedingly ominous omen against the king  When Alexander heard this  he caused the man to be racked to know whether he had done it with any plot with others or not and for what purpose  When he answered that what he had done was only from a light humour and fantasy which came into his head  the wizards told him that it was by so much the worse sign  Diodorus says that by their advice the poor fellow was killed for this act  They hoped that if there were any bad luck in this  it might happen on him not to Alexander  Plutarch states the same adding that when he was on the rack and asked his name he replied that it was Dionysius  a Messenian","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2353,"EventTxt":"A few days later the king sacrificed to his gods in thanksgiving for his good successes  This time he added more to the sacrifices than normal by the advise of the priests  After that he started feasting with his nobles and sat up doing this until late into the night  He also distributed beasts for sacrifices among the soldiers and gave them wine to drink  When he was leaving the feast  he was told that Medius a Thessalian had prepared a banquet and had invited him and all his company to it  At the banquet   guests sat  Alexander drank to their health and they the like to him again according to Athenaeus from certain memorials  commonly attributed to Nicobulus         c            c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2354,"EventTxt":"Alexander had called for a cup containing   quarts      gallons  according to Ephippius  in a book which he wrote of the death and burial of Alexander and Hephaestion as reported by Athenaeus         c      He ordered Proteas a Macedonian to drink to him  Proteas cried to let it come and he spoke many words greatly honouring the king  He took the cup and drank from it with such grace that all the table commended him highly for it  After a while  Proteas called for the same cup again and drank it to the king  Alexander took it and pledged him a great draught but could not drink it but let the cup fall from his hand  He lay along on the cushion and presently fell sick and died  This was that Herculean fatal cup to Alexander of which besides Diodorus and Plutarch   Seneca also in his  rd Epistle   mention  Compare this with what Athenaeus states         c       Macrobius        Saturnal  c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2355,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus says that when he grew light headed with his fever and very thirsty  he called for a draught of wine and that cast him into a frenzy  So on the  th day of the month Dasius  that is on the  th of our May  Alexander died  Others say that he died on the  th day of the month Thargelion with the Athenians as Elian has it         Var  Histor  c      This would be on May  th  In the diaries that were kept of the kings actions it is said that he died the  th day of the month Daesius or  nd of our May  Therefore it is sure that he died in the month Daesius according to the Macedonian account and in our month of May although the writers disagree on the day of the month","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2356,"EventTxt":"From the diaries  Arrian and Plutach describe in detail the events that happened during his last sickness  No one can tell us who wrote those diaries of what he did  Whether Eumenes Cardianus or Diodorus Erythreus or Strattis Olynthius did this  we do not know  He wrote a diary of his deed in   books and one particular book of Alexander s death according to Duidas  Whoever s diaries they were  they contain the clearest account of what happened  Therefore have I thought it good to include what I found in Plutarch from these diaries  I compared them with the days of the Macedonian month of Daesius and our month of May using my own discourse of the Macedonian year  vv The  th of the month Dasin s  May  th  he slept in a bath for his fever  The next day  May  th  after he had washed  he went to his chamber and spent that day there playing dice with Medius and then washed again  Toward the evening after his devotions  he ate his supper somewhat greedily and the next night had a grievous bout of a fever  On the  th day  May  th  when he had walked  he offered sacrifices very solemnly again  While lying along in a bath  he listened to Nearchus as he told him what things as had happened to him on his voyage and what wonders he had seen in the ocean   May  th  When he did the same this day  his fever increased  The next day  May  th  his fever grew very sharply and he was carried to lie in a chamber near the great pool or swimming place  Here he talked with his commanders of putting approved men in places of office when offices needed to be filled  On the  th  May  th  his sickness grew worse and he offered sacrifice to which he was carried  He ordered the chief commanders and captains who were then in the court to stay with him but the centurions and corporals to serve outside and watch  He was carried into the innermost lodgings of the court  On the  th day  May  th  he had a little relief but his fever did not leave him  When the captains came to him  he did not speak to them at all and likewise on the  th   May  th  Thereupon the Macedonians thought that he had been dead and came flocking with a great noise to the chamber door and threatened his friends who were there if they would not let them in  The doors were opened and every common soldier passed by his bedside  The same day Pithon and Selencus who were sent to Serapis  temple to learn whether Alexander should be moved there or not  They brought back the answer from the oracle that he should stay where he was  On the  th day  May  nd   in the evening he died","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2357,"EventTxt":"Now whereas I said that all the Macedonians passed by the king s bedside  it is to be understood that they came in at one door and went out another   Lucian in Psendons   Although he had grown weak and faint with the severity of his sickness  yet he raised himself upon his elbow and gave everyone of them his hand to kiss as he passed by   Valer  Max        c      This may seem more incredible in itself considering the posture he put himself in  He stayed in that position from the first until the last man of the army had passed by and kissed his hand   Curt        c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2358,"EventTxt":"When the soldiers were gone  he then turned to his friends and asked them whether they thought they should find a king like him or not  When no man answered that question  then again he said that as he could not answer that either  Therefore he foresaw how much Macedonian blood would be shed before this matter would be settled and with what great slaughters and shedding of blood they would solemnise his funeral and sacrifice to his ghost when he was gone  He ordered his body to be carried to the temple of Ammon and there to be buried   Justin       c      When his friends asked him to whom he would leave his kingdom  his answer was  To the strongest  Then he took off his signet and gave it to Perdiccas  By this they all conceived that his meaning was to commend the government of his kingdom to his care and trust until his children should come of age   Emil  Probus in Eumene   Again  when Perdiccas asked him when he would have divine honours performed to him  he replied that when they were all grown happy","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2359,"EventTxt":"Eratosthenes in his Canons   mentioned by Clemens Alexanderinus       Srom   says that  years passed between the death of Philip and the change  i e  the death of Alexander  This is the very number given him in  APC IMa     and in the Chronicles of the Jews and also in Jertullian   lib  cont  Judaos  c     in Porphyrie  cited by Euseb  p    in Scaliger s Greek edition of him  in Rufinus  in Josephus  Antiquities       c     in Orosius        in Jerome and Theodoret on Daniel Da    Although A  Gellins         c      allows him only   years  Julius Africanus and from him Eusebius say it was   years and   months  Diodorus Sic  says   years and   months  Livy and after him Emil  Probus in Eumene say   years","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2360,"EventTxt":"There are just as many differences among writers concerning the years of his life as there are of this reign  Cicero in his  th Philippic speaking  says  vv What shall I say of Alexander the Macedonian when he set himself on great achievements from his very youth and was he not taken off them until by death in the  rd year of his life  A consul must by our law be ten years older than that","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2361,"EventTxt":"Justin  in the last chapter of his  th book  says that he died at the age of   years and one month  However  Philostratus        de Vita  Sophista  in Herodes  Euseb  in Chron  and in his first book  de Vita Constants  and Jerome  on Da          and various other writers follow Eusebius   in Chron   and say he lived no more than   years  All which are nevertheless to be reduced to that rule given by Arrian         p      He lived   years and took up   months of the  rd  year as Aristobulus says  However he reigned   years and   months","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2362,"EventTxt":"Immediately after Alexander s death  there arose such a dispute between the cavalry and foot soldiers of the army concerning the settling of the present state of things  They were ready to fight and to take up arms about it  Yet by the advice of the friends and commanders the matter was settled  It was agreed that the supreme authority or rather a bare name and shadow of it should be committed to Aridaeus the brother of Alexander and son to his father Philip  He was the son of Philinna of Larissa  a common dancer   Athenaus        c      states this from Ptolemy son of Agesarchus in his History of Philoptaer   She was a whore   Justin        c       Plutarch in the end of his Alexan   When by common consent he was proclaimed king  they called him by the name of Philip  Along with him was the son that Roxane would bare  She was   months pregnant with Alexander s son according to Justin  Curtius         c      says she was   months pregnant  No consideration was given to his son Hercules who then lived at Pergamus because he was born by Barsine who was never married to Alexander  Since Aridaeus was a weak spirited man but not through any natural infirmity of his own as Plutarch notes in the end of the life of Alexander  This was his normal nature  Therefore Perdiccas  to whom Alexander delivered his signet in the hour of his death  was made Lord Protector or Steward and in effect absolute king  The charge of the army and of all its affairs was committed to Meleager the son of Neoptolemus  with or under Perdiccas  The command of the cavalry which was the most honourable position in all the army and which after Hephaestion s death was given to Perdiccas  was now assigned to Seleucus  the son of Antiochus  yet with or under Perdiccas as the other was  The oversight also of the kingdom  and its treasure was commended to Craterus  trust   Diod  in the beginning of his  th book  Justin        c       Curt        c       Plutarch  in Eumene and Alexan  Dioxippus and Arrian  in their books written of what passed after the death of Alexander  in Phot  Bibliot  cod     and    Appian  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2363,"EventTxt":"Censorinus in his discourse  De die natali  notes that the years of Philip are to be reckoned from the death of Alexander and always start from the  st day of that month which the Egyptians call Thoth  For the Egyptian astronomers apply this calculation of times for ease of calculations to their own account  They make its start to be the  st day of Thoth in the beginning of the  th year of Nabonasar  That is on the  th of November  in   JP  This is in the  th month before the true time of Alexander s death  From the beginning of that month Thoth it is that Ptolemy in his Manual Canons of Astronomy  not yet published  deduces the epoch or risings of all the stars of which he in his Preface Ad Syrus says  vv Here are fixed the epochs or start of all accounts according to the meridian of Alexandria which is in Egypt from the first day of the Egyptian month Thoth of the first year of Philip who succeeded Alexander  the founder of this city","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2364,"EventTxt":"This is not Philip the father of Alexander   as some have imagined  but of Philip  brother and next successor to Alexander  The Alexandrians for honours sake call Alexander their founder as he indeed was  It is added  vv For from the  st day of his  meaning Philippus Aridaeus  reign  the times of the Manual Canons of Ptolemy   who in them follows the common account or calendar of the Egyptians  are taken","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2365,"EventTxt":"According to the rectifying of the Egyptian year  reduced to the Alexandrian account which Theon also used in his canon  are calculated  This we find also in the Greek collections published by Scaliger in his Eusebian Fragments   p      Hence it is also that in the Epistle to Apollophanes  falsely attributed to Dionysius Areopagita  found in Hilduinus  in his Areopagatica  these astronomical tables are called  The Canon of Philippus Aridaus","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2366,"EventTxt":"The dead body of Alexander had lain   days on his throne according to Justin   Elian says  days  Var  Histor        c      All the while men s thoughts were taken up about the settling of the present state and did not give Alexander a proper burial  Yet was there not in all that time found any putrification or the least discolouring of the flesh of his body  The very vigour of his countenance which is the proper effect of the spirit that is in a man  continued still the same  Therefore the Chaldeans and Egyptians were commanded to take care of the body  When they came to do it  at first they dared not approach to touch him for he looked alive  After saying their prayers that it might be no sin to them being but mortals to lay their hands on so divine a body  they started to work and dissected him  The golden throne where he lay  was all stuffed with spices and hung about with pennants and banners and other emblems of his high estate and fortune   Curt        in fi","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2367,"EventTxt":"Aridaeus was in charge of his funeral and of providing a chariot to carry the body into the temple of Ammon  We do not know whether this was Alexander s brother  as Justin has it         c      and Dexippus  as we find in Scaliger s Greek fragments of Eusebius   p      or some other Aridaeus of whom we shall see more later   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      He spent two whole years in preparation   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      When Olympias  his mother  saw him lie so long unburied in great grief of heart cried out and uttered these words  vv O my son  you that would needs be counted among the gods and was in earnest about it  Could you not now have that which every poor man has  a little earth and burial  Elian  Varia  Histor        c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2368,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile when Sisygambes the mother of Darius  heard of his death  she was very sorrowful and covered herself with mourning attire  When her niece and nephew  Drypetis and Oxathres  came and fell at her knees  she looked away from them and would neither eat nor see the light any more  So on the  th day after this  she died of hunger   Diod        in fi  Curt        cap","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2369,"EventTxt":"Roxane who great with child  was favoured by the Macedonian army  She grew envious of Statira  the eldest daughter to Darius and she was one of Alexander s wives also  She sent letters and invited her to come to see her  As soon as she came  Roxane had both her and her sister Drypetis  Hephaestion s widow  murdered  She threw both their carcases into a well and cast earth upon them  Perdiccas knew of this and helped her   Plut  in the end of the life of Alex","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2370,"EventTxt":"Later Roxane gave birth to a son whom they named Alexander and the common soldiers proclaimed him king   Arrian  in Biblioth  Plotis  c      with Pausanias in his Attica and Dexippus in Scaliger s Greek fragments of Eusebius  p","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2371,"EventTxt":"Perdiccas ordered the purification of cleansing for the whole army by a solemn sacrifice  Since the death of the king  there were many disputes among them  The Macedonian manner of cleansing the army was like this  They cut a dog in two and laid the one half on the one side and the other on the other of the field where the army was to come  The army was to pass solemnly in procession between the parts  As the army passed  Perdiccas had some   soldiers thrown among the elephants to be trampled to death  These had followed Meleager when at the first assembly of the Macedonians after the death of Alexander  he arose and in a rebellous manner left them  All this was done in the plain sight of the army and in the presence of Aridaeus  Meleager had Aridaeus wrapped in purple clothes like a child and put on the royal throne   Plutarch       de fortuna Alexandri  Meleager did not move for the present because no violence threatened him  However when he saw they were after his life  he fled to a temple and was there taken and slain   Justin        c     Curt        c     Arrian  in Photius","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2372,"EventTxt":"Diodorus        year    Olymp      affirms that Alexander made his last will and testament and left it to be kept at Rhodes  Ammia   Marcellinus         seems to say that in his will he wanted to leave all in the hands and power of one man  Curtius states  vv Some have the opinion that a distribution of the provinces was made by Alexander in his last will and testament  However  we have found that this was but an idle report although stated by various writers         c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2373,"EventTxt":"Nevertheless  the writer of the first book of Maccabees seems to be of the first opinion as reported and believed by so many writers  They say that Alexander in his own lifetime  divided his kingdom among his most illustrious and noble officers  The chronologer of Alexandria  from whom  those barbarous and broken Latin fragments published by Scaliger  p        are taken  affirms that the division of the provinces  which Justin        c     Curt        c     Arrian in Phitii Biblioth  c     Dexeippus ibid  c      and other writers report to have been made by Perdiccas  This was based on his will and was in this manner","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2374,"EventTxt":"In Europe all Thrace with the Chersonese and other nations bordering upon Thrace as far as Salmydessus  a city standing upon the Euxin Sea  was committed to Bysimachus  the son of Agathocles  a Pellaean  The region which lay beyond Thrace belonging to the Illyrians  Triballi  Agrians  Macedon and Epirus  stretching as far as the Ceraunian mountains with all Greece  was assigned to Antipater and Craterus  This was the division of Europe","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2375,"EventTxt":"In Africa  all Egypt and whatever else Alexander had captured in Cyrene or Libya with all that part of Arabia which borders on Egypt  was allotted to Ptolemy  the son of Lagus  Pausanias in his Attica says he was by those of Rhodes honoured with the surname of a Deliverer  The truth is that the Macedonians always believed that Ptolemy was a bastard son of Philip  Alexander s father  For his mother Arsinoe was pregnant by Philip and was cast off by him and she married a poor fellow of Macedon called Lagus  Thereupon it was that when after a while   as Plutarch in a discourse of his  De ira cohibenda  i e  Of suppressing a man s anger  says that Ptolemy to mock a poor school master  would needs ask him  vv who was Peleius  father","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2376,"EventTxt":"he asked him again  vv and I pray sir  who was Lagus  father","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2377,"EventTxt":"He intimating by this the baseness of his birth on the father s side   Curt        c      Pausanias in his Attica  p     in the Greek edition of his at Fraeford    Suidus on the word Lagus","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2378,"EventTxt":"Cleomenes  who was left by Alexander  to gather up the tributes and other incomes of those parts  was ordered to turn over that province to Ptolemy and to hold his office as under him  Ptolemy entered that province shortly after the death of Alexander and died about   years later  Hence it is that Lucian  in his discourse of long lived men and in the fragments of Eusebius  published by Scaliger   p     and Porphyrie  ibid  p     and Clemens Alexan  Stromat     and Euseb  in Chron  and Epiphanius in his books of weights and measures  and others say that he reigned   years in Egypt  After him  his posterity down to Cleopatra held that kingdom under the title and name of Ptolemy","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2379,"EventTxt":"In the Asia Minor  Eumenes Cardianus was assigned all Cappadocia  Paphlagonia  and all the regions lying upon the Euxin Sea as far as Trapezond  a colony of the Sinopenses  Alexander did not subdue these people because he was involved in a major war against Darius  Eumenes Cardianus was ordered to make war on Ariarathes who only of these peoples resisted Alexander  Antigonus was made governor of Pamphylia  Lycia  Lycaonia  and Phrygia the Great  The lesser Phrygia  which lies on the Hellespont  was committed to Leonatus  The government of Lydia  both the inland country and the parts on the sea coast taking in Eolia and Ionia  was given to Maenander  He had it formerly by grant from Alexander   Arrian        p      The name of Meleager  is miswritten by Diodorus  Caria was given to Cassander the son of Antipater and Cilicia and Isauria  to Philotas","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2380,"EventTxt":"In the upper and greater Asia  all Syria and Phoenicia was committed to Laomedon  a Mitylenaean  The petty kings of the isle of Cyprus ruled as it had been granted to them by Alexander  Neoptolemus was set over Armenia  Arcesilaus over Mesopotamia and governor over the province of Babylon  Atropates  father in law to Perdiccas  was left governor of Media by Alexander himself  In this division  Justin        c      and Orosius        c      say that Atropates was made governor of Media the greater and Perdiccas  father in law of the lesser  He forgot that Atropates and Perdiccas  father in law were the same person  When Antipater had later better considered the matter  he made a second distribution in Triparadiso  He acknowledges that Media was assigned to Pithon         p      Nor is it likely that the son in  law would in anyway diminish the authority of his father  The rule and government of the nearer Bactria and Sogdiana was put into the hands of Philippus  Oropius was joined with him in the government of Sogdiana  Dexippus says that after Orpius had received that kingdom of Alexander s bounty  he was put from it again for treason  The government of Persia  Pencestes of Hircania and Parthia   for they went together  as Strabo          p    states  was given to Phrataphernes  In Carmania  Tlepolemeus  in the further Bactria and Parapamisus  the government was given to Olyartes or Oxathres  the father of Roxane  Alexander s wife  In Aria and Drangiana  bordering on Taurus  the government was given to Stasanor of Solos  In the provinces of Susa  Scynus  Arachosia  Gedrosia  and Sibyrtius continued with the governors that Alexander had assigned  All the coast of India from Paropamisus and from the place where the Acesines and Indus meet  down to the ocean  was given to Pithon the son of Agenor  The Oxydracans and Mallians was given to Eudemus or Eudemon  the commander of the Thracian companies  The rest of India was given to king Porus  Taxiles and to the son of Abisarus  These ruled the same territories Alexander had assigned to them","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2381,"EventTxt":"When this division was made  every man had his share as if it were allotted to him from heaven  They used the opportunity to increase their power and their pleasure  For not long after  they behaved more like kings than governors  They added to their kingdom and left it to their posterity   Justin        c      Immediately upon the death of Alexander  that vast empire and name of the Macedonians was divided into several kingdoms   Livius        However  no man assumed the title of a king as long as any of Alexander s children lived because of the great respect they had for him  Although they had the power of a king  they willingly refrained from using the title as long as Alexander had a lawful heir from his body living to succeed him   Justin        c      All of this was foretold long before by the Holy Ghost  Da","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681c AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2382,"EventTxt":"Concerning the instructions given by Alexander to Craterus  Perdiccas referred the consideration of them to the general assembly of the Macedonians  Although they did not disapprove of them  yet because they were exceedingly grand and difficult to do  they ordered by a general consent that none of them should be done   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681d AM,4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2383,"EventTxt":"The old Greek soldiers whom Alexander had left in garrisons and colonies in the upper Asia and various provinces became homesick and desired to see their native country  For they saw themselves as it were ejected and cast out into a far remote corner of the world  Therefore they joined together and revolted from the Macedonian state  They chose Philo an Enian  to head up this conspiracy  They assembled     foot soldiers and   cavalry  all of them were old proven and expert soldiers  Against these  Perdiccas sent Pithon who had been one of the captains of the bodyguard of Alexander  He was a man of a high spirit and well versed in the art of war  He had   Macedonian foot soldiers and   cavalry who were chosen by lot  He went with letters and instructions to the governors in all those parts  to furnish him with an additional     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Pithon planned to win over to him by all possible means those old Greeks  He hoped that with their help and his forces  he might be the better able to establish himself and subdue all those upper provinces  When Perdiccas perceived this he tried to thwart his plan  He ordered Pithon that when he had overcome those rebels  he was to kill them all and divide their spoil among his soldiers  However Pithon had obtained secret information with Lipodorus  who commanded a rebel brigade of   men  He defeated the rebels and did not kill them  He gave them permission to return to their own places  However the rest of the Macedonians remembered the order Perdiccas gave them and killed every one of them and shared their spoil  So Pithon failed in his scheme and returned with his Macedonians to Perdiccas   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Prolog  Trogi","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681d AM,4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2384,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy had quietly taken possession of Egypt  he acted fairly in all things toward the people of the land  He used   talents to hire a mercenary army and pay those who came to him when they saw how fairly he administered Egypt  When he was told that Perdiccas planned to take over Egypt  he leagued himself firmly with Antipater   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      By favours and good deeds he made the neighbouring kings and princes loyal to him   Justin       c      When he found that Cleomenes  whom Perdiccas had given to him for a lieutenant  was a spy  he cut his throat and placed strong garrisons of his own all over Egypt   Pausan  in Attic  p     in the Greek and Latin edition","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3681,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3681d AM,4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2385,"EventTxt":"Leonatus and Antigonus were commanded to use force to make Eumenes governor of Cappadocia and Paphlaginia  However Antigonus  was proud and wanted the position for himself and refused to obey Perdiccas  command  In contrast Leonatus came down with his army from the upper provinces and promised Eumenes to help him  Nevertheless when Hecataeus  tyrant of the Cadians  came to Leonatus  he advised him rather for the present time to go and help Antipater and relieve the Macedonians who were besieged in Lamia  Leonatus resolved to sail to Macedonia  He wanted Eumenes to go with him and planned to fight with Hecataeus  When Eumenes would not go and alleged that he feared Antipater  Leonatus believed him and kept nothing from him  When he could not win him over he planned secretly to murder Eumenes  Eumenes found out about this and escaped by night with his carriages  He had with him only   cavalry    of his bodyguard and   talents in gold  after the rate of silver  When he came to Perdiccas  he told him all Leonatus  plans  Thereupon Perdiccas took him in for a loyal friend and vouched for him in the council   Plut  and Emil  Pro  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2386,"EventTxt":"When Leonatus came to help Antipater  he was killed in a fight by the Greeks   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin        c     Plutarch in Phocion  Arrian in Photius","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2387,"EventTxt":"When Thimbron captured Harpalus in Crete in a battle  he killed him  Harpalus had fled there from Asia and carried all the king s money with him  Thimbron got all the treasure  his army and fleet  He left Cydonia  a city in Crete  and with   men or  as Diodorus has it    and sailed to the country of Cyrene  He was invited there by the exciles of the Cyrenians and the Barcenses   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Arrian in Photius  Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2388,"EventTxt":"In a battle against the Cyrenians  Thimbron slaughtered them and took many prisoners  He then seized their port and prepared to take the city itself  He agreed to peace if they would pay him   talents of coined money and give him half their chariots equipped for service  He sent ambassadors to the other neighbouring cities to join with him  pretending that he would make war on Libya and subdue it  Moreover he laid hold on all the merchants  goods that were in the port and gave them to the soldiers to scramble for  By this he made them more eager to follow him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2389,"EventTxt":"Mnasicles  a man of Crete and one of Thimbron s captains had a fiery disposition  He defected from Thimbron to the Cyrenians  By showing Thimbron s cruelty and unfaithfulness  he persuaded them to break their covenant with him and to fight for their former freedom  Thereupon  when they had payed only   of the   talents  they would pay no more  Thimbron planned to destroy them and seized   of their men whom he found in the port  He came with his own men  the Barcenses and Hesperitans  before the walls of the city  They did what they could to take it but failed and retired to the port   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2390,"EventTxt":"The Cyrenians left sufficient troops to keep the town and went with the rest foraging into the neighbouring parts  When these sent to Thimbron for help  he presently went with all the troops that he could take to relieve them against the Cyrenians  When Mnasicles saw that there were few or no soldiers left in the port  he had those who were left in the city  to sally out and attack the port  Those of the city were easily persuaded to do this and followed him and attacked the port  Because Thimbron and most of his men were not there  they easily took it  Any goods as they there found there that belonged to the merchants  were faithfully restored to the owners  Mnasicles started to fortify the port against Thimbron in case he should return  Things went badly on Thimbron s side  For he had not only lost the port but with it all his provisions that were in it  However when he captured another town called Taricha  he raised his hopes again   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2391,"EventTxt":"Thimbron s mariners and sea soldiers were expelled from the port  They had no food and were forced to plunder the country for it  They were daily forced to do this  At last the men of the country found out their camps and laid wait for them  They slaughtered many and took as many prisoners as they had killed  They that survived  escaped to their ships and sailed toward other confederate places  On their way  there arose a violent storm which sunk many of the ships  Of those who escaped  some were driven ashore in Egypt and some in the Isle of Cyprus  Those who had encouraged the Cyrenians now fought against Thimbron and killed many of his men   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2392,"EventTxt":"Craterus departed from Cilicia with   of those old soldiers who first came with Alexander into Asia  On the way he got   troops besides   Persian archers and slingers and   cavalry  He hurried to the help Antipater and came into Thessaly  He yielded authority to Antipater and they both camped on the bank of the Peneus River  In the month of Munichion  our April   they fought a battle with the Greeks and defeated them   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":114,"EventTxt":"with Arrian  and Plut  in the lives of Phocion and Demosthenes","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2393,"EventTxt":"After Jaddus  his son Onias succeeded him in the priesthood at Jerusalem  Joseph  Antiq        c     s     and there held the position for   years   Scalig  in Grec  Eusebius  p","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2394,"EventTxt":"Thimbron had hired new soldiers from Taenarus in Laconia  These soldiers wandered around Laconia and were out of pay  He started a new war with the Cyrenians  They asked help from the Africans and Carthaginians  Together they assembled an army of     men  After a long and bloody battle  they lost many men and Thimbron won  The Cyrenians lost all their own commanders and made Mnasicles their general  Thimbron grew proud of this victory and attacked and captured the port of Cyrene  Every day he assaulted the city  As the siege continued and with shortages of provisions  the Cyrenians began to fight among themselves  The common people carried the day and expelled the rich from the city  Some of those who were expelled defected to Thimbron and others went into Egypt   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2395,"EventTxt":"Those who fled into Egypt asked Ptolemy to restore them to their country  With his help  they returned with an army and naval forces under the command of Ophelias a Macedonian  When those who had defected to Thimbron heard this  they prepared to defect to Ophelias  When Thimbron heard of their intentions  he executed them  When the leaders of the common people of Cyrene were frightened by the return of their exiles  they made peace with Thimbron and joined with him  In a main battle they were all utterly vanquished by Ophelias   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2396,"EventTxt":"In his escape  Thimbron was attacked by some African Carters  who took and carried him to Epicides  He held the town of Teuchira in those regions under Ophelias  The men of that place  with Ophelias  permission  first scourged him with whips and then sent him to be crucified at the port of Cyrene  Since many of the Cyrenians still continued fighting among themselves  Ptolemy made a journey there by sea  When he had settled all matters there  he returned by sea the same way he went   Arrian  in Phot  Biblio","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2397,"EventTxt":"When Perdiccas had Philip and the royal army at his command  he went against Ariarathes  the petty king of Cappadocia  He had not accepted Eumenes as governor there as he was ordered to  At that time  Ariarathes gathered a large army of     foot soldiers and     cavalry  In two battles  Peridiccas killed   men and took   prisoners including Ariarathes himself  He first tortured him and all that were allied to him and then crucified them  He pardoned the rest  When he had settled all matters in Cappadocia  he committed the government of it to Eumenes  according to the first establishment   Diod  Sic  with Arrian  and Plut  in Eumene  and Appian in his Mithridatica  p","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2398,"EventTxt":"Eumenes committed the various cities of his government to his most trusty friends and gave them garrisons  Without imposing on Perdiccas  he appointed judges and tax collectors as he saw fit  When this was done  he returned with Perdiccas out of respect to him and so that he might not be a stranger at court   Plut","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2399,"EventTxt":"Perdiccas and King Philip left Cappadocia and went into Pisidia  They planned to destroy two cities  one of the Larandaeans  the other of the Isaurians  In Alexander s lifetime  these cities had slain Balacrus the son of Nicanor whom he had placed over them  They took Laranda on the first assault and killed all that were of age and sold the rest for slaves  They laid the city level with the ground  When those of Isaurus saw they were besieged  they set the city on fire planning to kill themselves and destroy the city  However the soldiers  to whom Perdiccas had given the spoil of the city  quenched the fire and found a large accumulation of silver and gold there   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp      Justin says that this was done by the Cappadocians when they saw Ariarathes taken         c      Orosius says the same         c  ult","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2400,"EventTxt":"Jollas  the son of Antipater and Archias came to Perdiccas from Macedon  He brought them Nicaea  Antipater s daughter to be his wife  Long before this when his affairs were more unsettled  Perdiccas had betrothed her hoping to secure Antipater s loyalty  Now that he had gotten the royal army and administration of the kingdom quietly into his hands  he planned to marry Cleopatra  daughter of Philip  the father of Alexander and Alexander s sister  Eumenes urged him to marry Nicaea so that he might the more easily have a supply of the Macedonian youth and that he might not have Antipater for an opponent in his undertakings  Therefore he married Nicaea when she came  He did this mainly by the advise his brother Alcetes   Diod  Sic  and Arrian  with Justin        c","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2401,"EventTxt":"Cinna was another daughter of Philip s  and sister of Alexander but not by the same mother and brought her daughter Adea  She was called later Euridice and was to be married to Philippus Aridaeus  However Perdiccas and his brother Alcetes had her taken care of  Thereupon the Macedonians became enraged and Perdiccas to quiet them  was forced to give her mother in marriage to Arideus   Arrian  in Photius   There she is named  not Cynna  but Cynane  Yet in the same Arrian         deeds of Alex  p      she is called Cyna  Diodorus  year    Olymp      and Athena         c      call her Cynna","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2402,"EventTxt":"Perdiccas sent away Eumenes from Cilicia  under the pretence of taking care of his own government in Cappadocia  His real reason was that he might have control of the government of Armenia  Neoptolemus planned to make some changes there  However  Eumenes by flattery prevailed so much with him that although he was of an high and an intemperate spirit  Eumenes kept him in control   Plut  in Eumen","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2403,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes found that the Macedonian squadron had grown insolent and hostile  he raised an army of cavalry from the provinces in those parts  He remitted to them all payment of tribute and granted them other immunities  He furnished cavalry to those whom he most trusted and put them under his command  He encouraged their loyalty to him with his generousity and bounteous favours he bestowed on them  He kept them in shape by continual labours and journeys which he had them do  In a short time he had   cavalry troops   Plut  in Eumen","YearBCAD":-323,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3682,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4391,"Dating":"3682a AM, 4391 JP, 323 BC"}
{"Index":2404,"EventTxt":"Antipater and Craterus in Greece made war on the Aetolians  When Craterus  old soldiers were compelled by continual battles to lie abroad in the snow in the winter  they were ready to perish for want of supplies   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-322,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4392,"Dating":"3683a AM, 4392 JP, 322 BC"}
{"Index":2405,"EventTxt":"Eumenes carried Perdiccas  presents to Cleopatra at Sardis  Perdiccas was now resolved to rid get rid of Nicaea  Antipater s daughter and to take Cleopatra to be his wife  Menander  the governor of Lydia told this to Antigonus  who was an intimate friend of Antipater   Arrian  Perdiccas daily made false charges against Antigonus and tried to have him unjustly executed  Antigonus let on that he was coming to the hearing but secretly sailed in an Athenian ship with his son Demetrius and some other of his friends  They fled to Europe and there joined with Antipater   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-322,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4392,"Dating":"3683a AM, 4392 JP, 322 BC"}
{"Index":2406,"EventTxt":"Aristander  a soothsayer of Telmessa proclaimed that it was revealed to him by the gods that the land where Alexander s body should rest would be the most happy of all others and forever free from all foreign invasions  Hence there was much strife among the leaders of Macedon about who should get the body  The main disagreement was between Perdiccas and Ptolemy the son of Lagus   Elian        c      Perdiccas arranged with his friends to have it carried to Eugos   Pausan  in his Attica  p","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2407,"EventTxt":"However  Aridaeus who had custody of the body  crossed Perdiccas and carried it to Ptolemy as he was journeying from Babylon by Damascus to Egypt  And although he met with many impediments from Polemon  a good friend of Perdiccas  yet he carried it into Egypt as he planned to   Arrian  in Phot","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2408,"EventTxt":"He spent two full years in preparations for this funeral and its magnificence is recorded in detail by Diodorus  Finally  he moved the body from Babylon with a very large number of workmen to open and level the ways where needed  Many others attended the funeral and followed him  Ptolemy with his whole army  went as far as into Syria to meet him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp        He took the corpse and buried it first at Memphis with all rites and ceremonies after the Macedonian custom   Pausan  in his Attica  p      A few years later  it was moved to Alexandria   Curt        c  ult   by his son Ptolemy Philadelphus and not by the father   as Pausanias intimates in his Attica  p     of which  see more in Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2409,"EventTxt":"Perdiccas called a council of captains and friends in Cappadocia and asked them whether he should march with his army first into Macedon against Antipater or into Egypt against Ptolemy  Some were of the opinion to go first into Macedonia but it was resolved that it was best to begin with Ptolemy in Egypt  Otherwise when Perdiccas was engaged in Europe  Ptolemy might come and take over Asia  Therefore Perdiccas gave to Eumenes  in addition to what he had already  the provinces of Caria  Lycia and Phrygia with the government of all that part of Asia which lies between the mountain of Taurus and the Hellespont  Eumenes was ordered to take charge of all the garrisons in Cappadocia and Armenia  He was to use them to check the actions of Antipater and Craterus  to fortify all places upon the Hellespont and to prevent their landing in case they pass through the sea in those parts  Moreover Perdiccas ordered his brother Alceres and Neoptolemus that they obey Eumenes in all things  He wanted Eumenes to do things as he would think best for the present using his discretion  Cilicia was taken from Philotas and committed to Philoxenus  Perdiccas left Damasens to better conceal his actions  He took Aridaeus and Alexander the son of Alexander the great by Roxane along with him  He marched toward Egypt to fight with Ptolemy   Diod  Sic  Justin        c     Arrian  Plut  Emil  Probus  in Eumene  Pausan  in his Attica  c","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2410,"EventTxt":"Antipater and Craterus were told by Antigonus that Perdiccas had married Cleopatra and planned to invade Macedon and set himself up as absolute king to remove them from their governments  They made peace with the Eolians and left Polysperchon to manage all matters in Greece and Macedon  They hurried into the Hellespont on the Asian side and kept those who were appointed to keep that passage busy by sending daily embassies to them  They also sent ambassadors to Ptolemy who was otherwise a deadly enemy to Perdiccas as they were also  They desired him to join with them  They also sent to Eumenes and Neoptolemus both who were at that time in good standing with Perdiccas  They had Neoptolemus defect from Perdiccas and join them but could not win over Eumenes   Diod  Sic  Justin  ut sup  and Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2411,"EventTxt":"Alcetes  Perdiccas  brother  flatly refused to bear arms against Antipater and Craterus  Neoptolemus envied the power of Eumenes  and secretly joined with them but also plotted to kill Eumenes and betray all his army into their hands  When Eumenes discovered this  he was forced to fight it out with the traitor in a battle  He made a great slaughter of Neoptolemus  men  took all his baggage and won over the rest of his troops to his side  Eumenes became stronger with the addition of so many good Macedonian soldiers to his former army  Neoptolemus escaped with   cavalry only and fled to Antipater and Craterus  They again sent ambassadors to Eumenes to win him over and promised that he should not only hold what he had but also have more provinces given to him  When he replied that he would rather loose his life than break his word to Perdiccas  they divided their army in two  Antipater marched with one into Cilicia from there to Egypt to join forces with Ptolemy against Perdiccas  The other stayed behind with Craterus to fight with Eumenes","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2412,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes saw the enemy coming on  he feared least his soldiers  knowing against whom he was to fight with would not go with him but disband and flee from him  Therefore he led them about by an unfamiliar way where they might not easily hear how the matters went  There was already rumours buzzing among them  that Neoptolemus was recruited and he came on together with Pigris with an army of Cappadocian and Paphlagonian cavalry  Eumenes arranged it by carefully choosing his ground everywhere he went so that he could force the enemy to fight with the cavalry and not foot soldiers  Eumenes had a much stronger cavalry and was weaker than the enemy in foot soldiers  He had     foot soldiers from various nations and some   cavalry  He trusted the latter to carry the day  Craterus had a little more than  avalry and as many foot soldiers as Eumenes  However  his soldiers were all old veteran Macedonians who had proved their valour and he trusted that they would secure the victory for him","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2413,"EventTxt":"These met in Cappadocia  Craterus had the right wing and Neoptolemus the left  Eumenes put none of his Macedonians to fight against Craterus but only two regiments of foreign cavalry led by Pharnabazus  the son of Arabazus and by Tenedius of Phoenicia  He wanted them without any shouting or words to attack the enemy quickly  Eumenes  with a company of   cavalry attacked like lightening on Neoptolemus  Craterus acted very bravely and valiantly  However his horse stumbled and a certain Thracian  or rather an Arrian  a Paphlagonian  put a lance through his side and knocked him to the ground  In the fall  one of Eumenes  captains recognised him and did what he could to save him  However he died from his wound  Meanwhile  Eumenes and Neoptolemus met and fought with each other  Both got off their horses to the ground so that each man might easily see with how deadly a hatred they encountered each other and that their spirits were more hostile than their bodies could be  Eumenes wounded Neoptolemus in one of his hamstring muscles  Although his hamstrings were cut and he fell  yet his courage bore him up and he raised himself up on his knees  He continued fighting and gave Eumenes three wounds  one in his arm and the other two in his thigh  None of them was mortal  After the second blow  Eumenes made a full blow at him and struck off his head  This was about ten days after the former victory which he had over him   Diod  Sic  Justin  ut sup  and Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2414,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes saw Craterus brought half dead from the battle  he did what he possibly could to save his life  When he died  he wept bitterly over him and with outstretched arms lamented his fate  He had held a high position and the two liked each other very much  He gave him an honourable burial and sent his bones home into Macedon to his wife and children   Plut  and Emil  Pro  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2415,"EventTxt":"Both the leaders were slain and many others especially of the better troops were taken prisoner  The rest of the cavalry fled back to the main squadron of the foot soldiers as to a more sure defence  Eumenes was content with what he had done  sounded a retreat and set up a monument on the place and buried his dead  The enemy foot soldiers were trapped and could not escape without Eumenes  permission and desired peace  They swore oaths of loyalty to him and had permission to buy food in the adjoining places  However  as soon as they had gotten food and recovered their strength  they broke their oath and returned to Antipater   Diod  with Arrian  and Emil  Probus","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2416,"EventTxt":"Perdiccas  with the two kings  Aridaens  and the young child Alexander came with his army into Egypt and camped near Pelusium  While he was busy in clearing an old ditch  an extraordinary flood of the Nile destroyed all his works  Although Ptolemy had cleared himself to the world of all those crimes which Perdiccas charged him with and the army was not enthused but this campaign  Perdiccas was determined to make a war on him   Diod  Sic  and Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2417,"EventTxt":"When Perdiccas at last saw that many of his friends abandoned him and fled over to Ptolemy  he assembled all his commanders and captains  He tried to win them over with gifts  generous promises  fair words and his good behaviour toward them  Then moving his camp without any noise  in the night and camped on the bank of the Nile River not for from a certain citadel called Murus Camelorum  i e  a Wall of Camels  At day break  he crossed the river with his army and elephants and attacked the citadel but was valiantly repulsed by Ptolemy and gladly retreated into his camp again  The next night  he moved as quietly as possible and came to a place opposite Memphis  Here the river parted and made an island suitable to camp on  In crossing the river to the island he lost more than   men  At least   who were for a long time tossed up and down in the water  were devoured by the crocodiles and other large animals in the river  Ptolemy took these bodies as were cast ashore on his side of the river and gave them a proper funeral  He sent their bones to their friends and kinsmen in the army  Thereupon  the minds of the soldiers grew much more enraged against Perdiccas  and were more inclined to Ptolemy than ever before   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2418,"EventTxt":"Then arose a rebellion in the camp in which about   of the chief commanders including Pithon defected from Perdiccas  Pithon was a very brave man and noted for his virtue and valour  He was held in high esteem among all Alexander s friends  Some of the cavalry conspired secretly together and went to Perdiccas  pavilion and killed him  He had now held that government   full years  at least  the third year running   Diod  Sic  with Arrian and Justin        c     Pausan  in Attic  p     and Emil  Prob  in Eumenes","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2419,"EventTxt":"The next day when the whole army was called together  Ptolemy crossed the river and came to the two kings  He presented both them and other of the nobles with expensive gifts and behaved himself fairly and in a humble manner to them all  When he had excused himself for what he had done  he found that the army was destitute of provisions  He supplied them with plenty of grain and all other necessities  He made it publicly to appear that he was heartily sorry and bemoaned the present state and condition of Perdiccas  friends  If he saw any Macedonian in any distress or danger  he did what he possibly could to relieve and help him  By so gracious behaviour  he might easily have gotten to be the guardian of the two kings  as Perdiccas had been  Yet he persuaded them to make Pithon and Aridaeus the guardians of the two kings  Aridaeus and the young child  Alexander  This they all agreed to  Pithon was the man that had formerly quieted the disturbances of the Greeks in upper Asia  Aridaeus had formerly the duty of convoying the body of Alexander from Babylon  They had supreme power over all the armies as Perdiccas had  according to the first establishment   Diod  Sic   Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2420,"EventTxt":"Two days after the death of Perdiccas  news arrived of Eumenes  victory in Cappadocia and of the death of Neoptolemus and Craterus  If this had come   days earlier  it would have no doubt saved Perdiccas  life  For who  after that success  would have dared stirred against him  The Macedonians were enraged for the death of Craterus and declared Eumenes a public enemy along with   of his friends  Pitho Illyrius   for so I read them  in Justin  as also in Arrian s Indica  p     Pithon  the son of Craterus  of Alco  which in Stephanus  de Urbibus  is a city in Illyria  and Alcetas the brother of Perdiccas were on the list  The generals who were against them were Antigonus and Antipater  For this purpose was Antigonus sent for from Cyprus and commanded together with Antipater to come to the two kings in all haste   Diod  Sic  and Arrian  with Just        c     and Plut  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2421,"EventTxt":"In Egypt all that had any association with Perdiccas were executed including his sister Atalanta whom Attalus the admiral of Perdiccas with the fleet at Pelusium  had married  When he heard of the death of his wife and of Perdiccas  he weighed anchor and sailed to Tyre  Archelaus a Macedonian and governor of the place entertained him with all respect and love  He surrendered the city and gave the   talents which Perdiccas had deposited there to him","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2422,"EventTxt":"Attalus stayed at Tyre and received and helped all of Perdiccas  friends who escaped from the camp at Memphis   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2423,"EventTxt":"Euridice  the wife of King Aridaeus  did not want the two guardians to make any important decisions without her  First they declined to do this  Later they told her plainly that she had nothing to do with matters of state and they would have care of her only until Antigonus and Antipater came   Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2424,"EventTxt":"Pithon and Aridaeus  the two guardians left the Nile River with the two kings and the army and came to Triparadisus in upper Syria  Euridice was meddling in matters of state and would many times cross the guardians  Pithon was offended by this all the more when he saw the Macedonians were inclined to obey her commands  He called the Macedonians together and before them all resigned his guardianship  Thereupon they chose Antipater to be the guardian in his place with all the sovereign power going with it   Diod","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2425,"EventTxt":"The army now demanded of Antipater all those rewards for their long labour in the wars which Alexander had made them serve in  When Antipater had nothing to give them at that time  he told them that their demands were just and reasonable and that he would shortly look into the king s treasure and find out whatever he had laid up  This speech gave the army little satisfaction  Thereupon when Euridice also helped forment discontent with him  the minds of the common soldiers were stirred up to rebel against him  At the same time Euridice made a public declamation against him  It was read by Asclepiodorus  her secretary  to the people  Attalus agreed and made a speech of his own  So that Antipater barely escaped alive out of their hands  However  Antigonus and Seleucus stood up in his defence and by this risked their own lives also","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2426,"EventTxt":"Therefore when Antipater had escaped to his own army  the chief commanders of the cavalry came together  After much adieu  they pacified the multitude and so Antipater was sent for again and asked to resume the sovereign power and use it as formerly he had done   Diod","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2427,"EventTxt":"After this  Antipater made a new distribution of the governments of the provinces in Triparadisus  He partly ratified what had formerly been done in that region and made some alterations as required  He left Ptolemy what he had  for it was hard to remove him to any other government since he was firmly entrenched in Egypt  Mesopotamia and the country of Arbela were assigned to Amphimachus  the king s brother  Babylon went to Seleucus  Parthia to Philippuis  Aria and Drangiana to Atasander of Cyprus  Bactria and Sogdiana went to Stasanor of Solos from the same land  Media  as far as to the Caspian Gates  was taken from Atropates  the son in law of the deceased Perdiccas and given to Pithon the son of Crateas or Cratenas  Thereupon Atropates  called the lesser Media from his own name Atroperia and revolted from the Macedonian government and made himself absolute king of it  His posterity held it down until the time of Strabo   Strabo        p      Antigenes   for whom Antigonus is incorrectly written in Diodorus  captain of the silver targeteers was given the province of Susa because he was the first that went against Perdiccas    of the most active Macedonians in the recent sedition were given to him  The rest of the provinces of the upper Asia were left in the hands of such as had them before except for Patala  It was the greatest city of all India and was by this settlement assigned to King Porus  according Arrian  This we can hardly believe","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2428,"EventTxt":"In the lesser Asia  Cappadocia and Paphlagonia were taken from Eumenes and given to Nicanor  Lydia   not Lycia as it is read in Diodorus  was given to Clytus  Phrygia the lesser as far as to Hellespont  went to Aridaeus  Caria with Phrygia the Greater  Lycaonia  Pamphylia  and Lycia  went to Cassander to govern as he did before  In Diodorus  it is written Cilicia instead of Lycia  A little before this he says Cilicia was given to Philoxenus  More correctly as Arrian has it  the province was confirmed to him  For I showed a little before from  Justin        c      that Perdiccas had taken that province from Philotas and given it to Philoxenus","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2429,"EventTxt":"Antigonus was nick named  the cyclops because he had only one eye   Elian        Var  Hist  c      Antipater made him general of the king s army and commander of those forces in particular which Perdiccas had  He committed to him also the care of the two kings and sent him to make war on Eumenes which he was anxious to do  Based on this  Appianus  in his Syriaca  p      says that Antipater made him overseer of all Asia  Diodorus        p      calls him absolute commander of all Asia but joined with him his own son Cassander  the governor of Caria  as his general of the cavalry  He did this so that if Antigonus should go about to establish himself  he might have someone to keep an eye on him   Diod  Sic    Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2430,"EventTxt":"At the same time Antipater made Autolychus  the son of Agathocles  Amyntas  the son of Alexander and brother to Pence sta  Ptolemy the son of Ptolemy and Alexander the son of Polyspercon  captains of the bodyguard to the two kings   Arrian   He received great applause among all the men for his well ordering and due administration of things in his guardianship  Then he journeyed with the two kings to Macedon   Arian    Diod         When Eumenes heard that he was declared an enemy by the Macedonians and that Antigonus was sent against him  he voluntarily declared the matter to the army  He feared least perhaps the news of it coming otherwise to them might make matters worse than they were or the surprise of it would dampen their courage  At least by this he would find how his army took the news and their attitude toward him  He told them plainly that if any one was afraid because of this news  he was free to leave and go wherever he wished  With these words he so won and secured the loyalty of the men to him that they all bade him be of good cheer  They said that they would cut that decree of the Macedonians in pieces with their swords   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2432,"EventTxt":"Moreover when news of that decree came to Alcetas the brother of Perdiccas  he fled and ingratiated himself with the Pisidians  For while he was among them  whenever he got plunder from the enemy  he gave them half of it  He was always friendly and courteous to them in his speech  He often invited the principal men of them to feasts and honoured them with gifts and presents   By this he won their hearts to him   Diod  Sic  p","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2433,"EventTxt":"Attalus  who was the chief admiral of the navy and who was with the first of them that defected from Antipater  fled and banded himself with the rest of the exiles  He got together an army of     foot soldiers and   cavalry  With these troops he went to capture Cnidus  Caunus  and Rhodes  However Demaratus the admiral of Rhodes valiantly held him off   Arrian","YearBCAD":-321,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3683,"JulPer":4393,"Dating":"3683 AM, 4393 JP, 321 BC"}
{"Index":2434,"EventTxt":"Eumenes took as many horses as he wanted from the king s herd which was on Mount Ida  When he sent an account of them in writing to the king s officers of the revenue  Antipater laughed at it  He said that he wondered to see Eumenes so cautious as to think that either he himself would ever be accountable to them of the king s goods or look for an accounting of them from others","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2435,"EventTxt":"From there he marched with his army  He did not go into Etolia  as it is in the printed copies of Justin but as a manuscript copy has it  into Etulia or Etulane  This is a part of Armenia the lesser in Cappadocia   This is according to Isaacus Vossius  a most learned young man and my very good friend  who observed this from Ptolemy   Here he levied money of the cities in those parts  If any refused to pay their contribution  he plundered them as though they were enemies  From there again  he went to Sardis and to Cleopatra  the sister to Alexander the Great  He hoped that by her presence as royalty by his side  it would strengthen the loyalty of the officers of his army to him   Justin        c      When it happened that Antipater also took Sardis on his way to Macedon  Eumenes was planning to fight in the fields of Lydia  He was the stronger in the cavalry and he was desirous to let Cleopatra see of what metal he was made  However Cleopatra feared lest Antipater and the Macedonians might charge her with being the author of this war against them and persuaded Eumenes to leave Sardis   Plutarch   Arrian   Nevertheless when Antipater came  he rebuked her for having any association with Eumenes and Perdiccas  She stood her ground and defended her actions and blamed Antipater for this state of things  Finally  they parted on good terms with each other   Arrian","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2436,"EventTxt":"Therefore Eumenes left the country of Lydia and marched away into upper Phrygia  He made his winter quarters in Celaene  Plut   and sent to Alcetas and his associates  He advised them to assemble their forces into one body and to make a united attack on a common enemy  When they could not agree among themselves  nothing was done   Arrian   Alcetas and Polemon and Docimus could not agree about who should be the leader  Thereupon Eumenes noted the old proverb and said  There is no fence against destruction   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2437,"EventTxt":"Eumenes promised to pay his army within three days and sold all the towns and cities of that country which was filled with men and cattle  Thereupon the captains and commanders took them off his hands and received battering rams from him  They went and entered by force into the towns and sold all and fully paid each man   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2438,"EventTxt":"Antipater did not dare fight with Eumenes yet  He sent Cassander to fight with Alcetas and Attalus  They fought and departed on equal terms but Cassander had the worse of the battle   Arrian","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2439,"EventTxt":"Cassander became unfriendly to Antigonus but his father Antipater persuaded him to befriend him again  When Cassander met with his father in Phrygia  he advised him  not to go too far away from the kings nor to rely too much upon Antigonus  However  Antigonus by his temperate and discreet behaviour on all occasions  did what he could to make Antipater trust him  Thereupon Antipater set aside his displeasure towards him and turned over to him the forces which he had brought with him from Asia  These were   Macedonians and as many cavalry of his confederates with some   of his elephants  Antigonus was to use these forces to war against Eumenes  Antigonus accepted the task and Antipater with the kings  journeyed to Macedon   Arrian","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2440,"EventTxt":"The whole army cried out for their wages and Antipater promised them pay when he came to Abydus  He told them that perhaps he would give them the whole amount which Alexander had promised and if not at least most of it  Encouraging them with this hope  he quietly marched to Abydus  When he came there  he with the two kings in his company stole away by night and crossed over the Hellespont to Lysimachus  On the next day  they followed him without any further demands for their pay  So says Arrian  in Biblio  Photh  c      and here Arrian ends his ten books which he wrote of the deeds of Alexander","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2441,"EventTxt":"Antigonus assembled all his forces from their winter quarters  to march against Eumenes and to subdue him  Eumenes was at that time in Cappodicia   Diod  Sic   There were signs everywhere in Eumenes  camp  promising   talents  good conditions and offices besides  to the one who would bring Eumenes head to Antigonus   Justin       c     Plut  in Eumene   When Eumenes knew of this  he immediately called all the soldiers together and first thanked them all that in so large a number  there was no one that would break his oath with Eumenes for the sake of a reward  Eumenes cleverly intimated to them that these signs were his own and he used them to determine their loyalty to him  Hence if the enemy should do the same later  the army would imagine it was just another ploy by Eumenes to determine their loyalty  Thereupon they all cried out and vowed their service to protect his life   Justin   They decreed among themselves that there should be chosen from the main part of the army    men for his daily guard  They would watch every night in turn about him  Those who were chosen  were glad for the service and willingly received from Eumenes such gifts as the Macedonian kings normally bestow on their friends  For Eumenes gave them scarlet hats and robes which among the Macedonians was always esteemed a great favour from their kings   Plut   However one of his chief commanders  Perdiccas along with   foot soldiers and   cavalry defected from him  When he journeyed   days  Eumenes sent Tenedius a Phoenician  with   select foot soldiers and   cavalry to overtake them  This he did and attacked them by surprise at night while they were all asleep  He took Perdiccas prisoner and brought back all his soldiers to Eumenes  He picked out the chief instigators of that revolt and executed them  The rest were distributed in small numbers among his other companies  He spoke well to them and used them courteously  thereby winning their affections to him again   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2442,"EventTxt":"After this Antigonus dealt by a secret messenger with Apollonides  one of the commanders of the cavalry under Eumenes  By making generous promises  he had him betray Eumenes and in the middle of the fight to forsake and turn against him  Eumenes at this time camped in the country of Orcynia in Cappadocia  This was a place suitable for the cavalry to fight in  Antigonus went there with his army and took over all the upper ground near the foot of the mountains  His army had     foot soldiers who were mainly Macedonians and men of admirable strength and courage  He also had   cavalry and   elephants  In Eumenes  army were at least     foot soldiers and   cavalry  The battle began very fiercely and Eumenes  side was winning  When Appolonides with his regiment of cavalry defected to the enemy  Antigonus won  In that fight  Eumenes lost   men and all his wagons   Plut","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2443,"EventTxt":"Eumenes did not allow the traitor to escape  While he was in the act of that villany  he took him and hung him up  Eumenes fled by a the opposite way from which they that pursued him took  He turned back shortly and passed by the enemy and came to the place where the battle was fought  Here he camped and gathered together the bodies of his slain  Since the place lacked firewood he took the doors and gates of the towns and villages in the area  He had them broken and made piles to burn his dead on  The captains were burned separately from the common soldiers  When Antigonus returned to the place later he was amazed at this bold act of his and the undauntedness of his high courage   Plut","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2444,"EventTxt":"Eumenes found by chance Antigonus  wagons  Although he might have taken many prisoners and many slaves with many goods  he did not  He feared lest his men having gotten so much wealth would grow less anxious to fight and to move quickly because of all the goods they picked up  Eumenes ordered that each man should feed his horse well and refresh himself  Then they should be ready to attack the enemy  Meanwhile he secretly sent to Menander  who was set to guard the enemies luggage  to move immediately from the plain to the foot of the mountain  He feared lest Menander would be suddenly surrounded by the enemies  cavalry  When Menander saw the potential danger  he moved quickly  The enemy said that they were very much indebted to Eumenes for sparing their children from slavery and their wives from rapine  However  Antigonus told them that Eumenes did it not for their sakes  but so as not to burden his troops with useless goods in their flight   Plut","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2445,"EventTxt":"Eumenes went from there and secretly persuaded a great many of his men to leave him for the present  This was either from an honest concern for them or because they were now grown too few to oppose the enemy and yet were too many to conceal with him in his flight  He came to Nora  which was a strong citadel and which Strabo          says in his time was called Neroassus and located near Cappadocia and Lycaonia  He had   cavalry and   foot soldiers with him   Although Diodorus says that there were not more than   in total   As many of his friends as desired his permission to leave  he embraced each one of them in a fair and courteous manner and sent them away  They wanted to leave either because of the desolateness of the place or the scarcity of provisions  He freely gave them the food that they found there  The place was not more than about   yards in size and there was in it provision enough of grain  salt and water  There was no supply of fresh food to be had   Strabo  with Diodorus  and Justin        c","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2446,"EventTxt":"Antigonus came to the place  Before he besieged it  he sent to Eumenes to come to a talk  When he required hostages  Antigonus refused but asked him to come out to his superior  Eumenes sent him word again that  vv As long as he wore a sword by his side  he would acknowledge no superior","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2447,"EventTxt":"Thereupon  when Antigonus sent him his own brother s son  called Ptolemy  as was required  Eumenes came out and they embraced each other very lovingly and in all familiar manner  They had discussed various matters  Antigonus noticed he never mentioned anything of his own security or pardon but still demanded his former governments to be confirmed and to be recompensed for his losses  The bystanders stood amazed at it and wondered at the constancy of his courage and magnanimity that was in him  Antigonus told him that concerning these matters  he would talk with Antipater  So  with much adieu  he returned again to his citadel safe from the violence of the crowd  Antigonus built a double wall with trenches around the citadel and left enough men to maintain the siege  He then moved his camp   Strabo  with Diodorus  and Justin        c","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2448,"EventTxt":"After a while Eumenes sent messengers to Antipater to make peace  One of them was Hieronymus the historian who was born in Cardia  as Eumenes was   Diod  Sic    Justin        c      In the meant time  he provided food for his company and though his provisions were short  yet he cheerfully accepted what he had  He had them all in their turn to his table where he entertained them with pleasant discourses and good speeches instead of better food   Diod  Sic  and Plut   As often as he wanted to  he would sally forth and either burn or destroy Antigonus  works   Emil  Prob","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2449,"EventTxt":"He feared that he might lose all his horses from lack of exercise and since they were always confined to one place  He ordered every day to prop up his horses with their fore feet above ground and made them stand on their hind feet  So that with striving and much struggling  they might get exercise and sweat  He gave them boiled barley to eat  that they might more easily digest it  When at last he came out of the citadel  everyone wondered to see his horses so fat and sleek  as if they had been all the while kept in the best pasture of the country   Diod  Sic  Jul  Fronti  Stratag        c     Plut  and Emil  Prob  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2450,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy the son of Lagus  knew that Phoenicia  and Coelosyria would be very advantageous to him for the defence of Egypt and also for the capture of Cyprus  He thought much on how he could take them over  Therefore he tried to persuade Laomedon  who was made governor of those two provinces  first by Perdiccas and later Antipater  to turn them over to him  He offered him a vast sum of money for it  When this did not work  he raised a large army and made his trusted friend Nicanor the general of it  He sent him to take this area by force  Nicanor marched into Syria and took Laomedon prisoner  However  he bribed his keepers and to Alcetus in Caria  Nicanor in a short time subdued all Phoenicia and Syria  He put garrisons in them and he returned to Egypt   Diod  Sic  with Appia  in Syriac  p       Pausan  in his Attica  p","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2451,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy attacked the parts of Phoenicia and Syria  When he had captured Jerusalem by deceit  he carried from there     men into Egypt  Of these he selected     of the ablest of them whom he armed and took into his army with greater than normal pay  He committed his garrison towns and citadels in Egypt into their trust  The rest he sold away for slaves among his soldiers  This was not necessarily of Ptolemy s doing but from the desire of the soldiers  They wanted the Jews more than any other people to help to do the menial tasks related to war   Aristeos  in    de    interpret  with Ptol  Philadel  his epistle  cod  lib  Joseph  Antiq        c     Euseb     in Chron","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2452,"EventTxt":"Concerning the capture of Jerusalem  Agatharchides Cnidus describes it in his book of the successors of Alexander the Great  in Josephus        cont  Apion  p     with       Antiq  c      vv They who are called Jews  live in a most fortified city which the natives call Jerusalem  They keep every  th day as a holiday  They do not involve themselves in war  husbandry or any other type of work on this day  They only hold up their hands in hallowed places and stay there praying until the evening with outstretched hands  When Ptolemy  the son of Lagus entered their city with his army  all men observed the folly of them that were observing the Sabbath  So the country became enslaved under a bitter master and their law was found to be nothing else but a foolish custom","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2453,"EventTxt":"Appian adds  that Ptolemy demolished the walls of the city  When he had left garrisons in Syria  he returned to Egypt by sea   in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2454,"EventTxt":"Concerning this Jewish deportation into Egypt  Josephus write         Antiq  c      vv Ptolemy carried away many captives from the hill country of Judaea  the places bordering on Jerusalem  from Samaria and from Mount Gerizim into Egypt  He made them to dwell there  He found that they of Jerusalem kept their oaths from the reply which they made to Alexander s messengers after the last defeat of Darius  Therefore he decided to put many of them in his garrisons and citadels  When he had settled many of them in Alexandria  he gave them the same privileges which the Macedonians had  He bound them all with an oath to be true liege men to his posterity because he had bestowed such large favours on them","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2455,"EventTxt":"Again in his   nd book cont  Apio  p      vv Ptolemy Lagus committed all his citadels and places of strength to his Alexandrian Jews  He thought they would be kept most safely in their hands because of their fidelity and integrity  So that he might reign most securely in Cyrene and other parts of Lybia  he sent many of those Jews to live in that country","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2456,"EventTxt":"From these Jews  descended Jason of Cyrene from whose writings was collected the second book of the Maccabees  APC  Ma     and Simon of Cyrene  who bore the cross of Christ  Mt     and of whom mention is made in  Ac","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3684,"JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3684 AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2457,"EventTxt":"While Eumenes was trapped in Nora  Antigonus besieged it with a double wall around him  He marched with his army against Alcetas and Attalus  He first went into Pisidia where Alcetas with his forces were  In   days he marched over   miles to the city called  The City of the Cretenses  Because he came so fast and suddenly upon them  he took over some suitable hills and places of advantage there  In his army besides his elephants  were     foot soldiers and   cavalry  However  Alcetas dared to meet him in the open field with only     foot soldiers and   cavalry of his friends in his army  Antigonus had the advantage of the ground and had a much stronger force  He routed him and took both Attalus  Docinius and Polemon  and many other chief captains as prisoners  He showed them his mercy and used great clemency and humanity toward them  He distributed the rest among his own companies and thereby greatly increased his own army","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3685a AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2458,"EventTxt":"Alcetas  with his bodyguard  his sons and other Pisidians who served him  fled to Telmessus  a city of Pisidia  The Pisidians numbered about   and were all very strong and valiant men  They promised never to forsake him  Therefore when Antigonus with all his army came before the walls of Telmessus and demanded Alcetas to be delivered to him  the older men wanted to turn him over  However  the younger men met together at night and swore an oath not to forsake him in spite of any danger that might come  In spite of this  the elders of the city sent a messenger secretly to Antigonus to let him know that they would deliver Alcetes into his hands dead or alive  The condition was that he would send the soldiers to a skirmish and pretend to flee and retreat to a reasonable distance from the walls of their city  This was done and drew the young men out of the city  In the meantime  the elders attacked Alcetas with their men  He killed himself rather than fall into the hands of the enemy  His body was placed on a funeral bier and wrapped in a vile cloth  While the young men were fighting  his body was sent to Antigonus  For   days he exposed it to all the contumelies and indignities that could be imagined and at last had it cast out unburied  When the young men returned from the fight and heard what had happened in their absence  they were enraged with the elders  They seized part of the city and resolved at first to set it all on fire  However  they changed their minds and started plundering and wasting the enemies  country in the area  When they learned that Antigonus had left the corpse of Alcetas behind him  they took it up and gave it an honourable burial    nd book cont  Apio  p","YearBCAD":-320,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4394,"Dating":"3685a AM, 4394 JP, 320 BC"}
{"Index":2459,"EventTxt":"Antipater became sick and before his death he made Polysperchon to be the guardian of the kings and sovereign commander in his place  Polysperchon was almost the oldest man of all that served under Alexander  He was held in very great esteem among the Macedonians  However  Cassander  Antipater s son  was not content with his office of general of the cavalry  He was enraged to see that Polysperchon was preferred before him as the guardian and sovereign of the realm  He began to plot with his friends to get the kingdom into his own hands  He sent secretly his agents to Ptolemy and renewed his former friendship with him  He desired that he would make an alliance with him and come away with his fleet from Phoenicia into Hellespont  He did likewise with the other commanders and cities and urged them to join forces with him    nd book cont  Apio  p     with Plutarch in Phoecio","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2460,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus returned with his army from Pisidia into Phrigia  to the city of the Cretenses  he was there notified of all these matters by Aristodemus of Miletum  This pleased him well for he aspired to supreme sovereignty also   Diodorus  with Plutarch in Eumene   He was left as sole and absolute commander of all Asia by Antipater and had a larger army there than anyone else  He planned to seize all the king s treasure there while there was none to oppose him  He had then in his army      foot soldiers and     cavalry and   elephants  He saw that he had the means to increase  if needed  his army at his pleasure  He could get troops from foreign countries and Asia was well able to feed and pay them all abundantly  Therefore he called a council of his friends  He declared to them that his purpose was for the good of them all  Thereupon he assigned his friends to various offices and commands  He secured them with generous promises to be loyal to him and help him do what he planned  He resolved to go through all Asia and to put out the governors and replace them with ones of his own choosing   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2461,"EventTxt":"When Aridaeus who had the government of Phrygia on the Hellespont  knew what Antigonus was up to  he went and attacked the large city of Cizycum  This city would be most suitable for his needs  He had at army of more than     mercenary foot soldiers    Macedonians    Persian archers and slingers and   cavalry  With these he had all types of battering rams  The men of Cizycum  under the pretence of a treaty for peace  obtained a truce for a time  They dragged out the discussions for the surrender while they secretly sent to Byzantium for help and supplies of men and equipment of all kinds for their defence  As they sailed along their own coasts with their warships  they gathered men from the country and put them in the city along with any supplies they brought with them  Aridaeus was fooled by the men of Cyzicum  as he later found out and had to return to his own government again   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2462,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus was at Celenae  he hurried away with     select foot soldiers and  avalry to relieve Cizycum  He hoped to ingratiate the city to him  However  he came too late  He sent messengers to Aridaeus to rebuke him for his actions  He required Aridaeus to give up his government and to live after that as a private citizen  He would have the revenue of only one city to live on  When Aridaeus refused to do this  he placed guards about the gates and on the walls and other places of the city where he was  Then he sent away a part of his army with a commander over them to side with Eumenes  They were to raise the siege from the Nora Citadel and help Eumenes out of that danger  This was to help him make a league with Eumenes against Antigonus   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2463,"EventTxt":"Emil  Probus tells us that Eumenes toward the beginning of the spring  under pretence of submitting himself to Antigonus and entreated of conditions daily  at last tricked him  He and all his people escaped from the citadel   in Eumene   However  Justin         c     says that Antigonus raised the seige when he found that Antipater had sent relief to Eumenes  Diodorus and Plutarch state that Eumenes by the mediation of Hieronymus Cardianus  his countryman and true friend  was allowed to come out on his word and thus it was","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2464,"EventTxt":"Antigonus was wondering how to get everything under his control  He sent for Hieronymus the historian  to come to him  He used him to send a message to Eumenes to cut a deal  He wished to forget what had happened between them in the fight at Cappadocia  He would now be pleased to join with him in a firm league of love and friendship and association of arms  He offered to give him far more wealth than he had lost and a better province than he ever had before  He would make him the best of all his friends and partaker of all his designs and fortunes   Diod  Sic   When Antigonus had drawn up this in the form of an oath to bind each other to strict observance of the conditions  he sent it to Eumenes  Eumenes took it and amended it in some points  Then he asked those Macedonian captains who were in the siege against him to judge which of the two was the better and less ambitious  Among other things  Antigonus made mention of the kings in a formal manner but in the performance of all services and conditions  he referred only to himself and these were made in his own name  Whereas Eumenes  in his draught  first mentioned Olympias with the two kings  Secondly he arranged the oath on such terms  as purported that he would reckon them all friends and foes  as were friends and foes  not to Antigonus but to Olympias and the two kings  When this seemed to be the more reasonable of the two  Eumenes took his oath  For taking the oath  they presently raised their siege and sent to Antigonus and asked him to bind himself to the same oath as Eumenes had  Meanwhile  Eumenes  sent whatever hostages he had of the Cappadocians  back home again  Antigonus wrote back a sharp and a taunting letter to those Macedonians for presuming to amend anything in the form of the oath which he had prescribed for Eumenes to take and wanted them to besiege him again  This reply came too late   Plut","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2465,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes had escaped after a year s close siege  beyond his expectations  he stayed for awhile in Cappadocia  He gathered together his old friends and soldiers who were now scattered about the country   Diod  Sic   He started all over again from nothing  The friends of those hostages whom he had restored  lent him horses wagons and tents  In a short time  about  avalry from the old regiments which foraged up and down the country  came to him   Plut   Eumenes was a most active and industrious man and there were others there who were also just as devoted to the state as he was  Hence it happened that great number of soldiers came flocking to him  Within a few days  in addition to the   friends who were with him in the citadel  he had gotten   men who were all ready to serve him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2466,"EventTxt":"Antagonus sent some of his forces to besiege Aridaeus  the governor of lesser Phrygia  He marched himself with most of the army into Lydia to expel Clitus from his government  However  Clitus was forewarned and presently packed every town of his and place of defence with a strong garrison  He went into Macedon to acquaint the kings and Polysperchon the guardian of the kings  of Antigonus  doings and his planned revolt from the Macedonian government  He asked for help against him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2467,"EventTxt":"Antigonus took in Ephesus at his first coming  Some within the city betrayed the city into his hands  Later  Escylus of Rhodes came there  He brought   ships with   men from Cilicia and   talents  These were to be sent to the kings in Macedon  Antigonus seized on it all for his own use and said that he had need of it to raise and pay foreign soldiers with  By this act  he plainly showed his intention to be independent and to rebel against the kings  When this was done  he proceeded to take the rest of the cities  Some he took by force  others by fair words   Diod  Sic   From this revolt  it is that Dexippus  Porphyrie and Eusebius calculate the   years of his rule in Scaliger s Graeca Eusebiana  p","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2468,"EventTxt":"When Cassander crossed the Hellespont  he went to Antigonus in Asia  He wanted his help and assured him of Ptolemy s agreement about it  Antigonus was glad of his coming and presently offered to help him by land and sea  This he did under a pretence  as if he would help him for his father Antipater s sake  His main purpose was to embroil Cassander in as many wars and troubles as possibly he could in Europe so that he might more freely move about and take over Asia and make himself king there   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2469,"EventTxt":"Polysperchon  the guardian of the kings and curate of the Macedonian empire  sent letters to Eumenes  in the two kings  names  requiring him to be loyal to the kings and fight against Antigonus as he had done before  He gave Eumenes the choice of coming into Macedon and there  jointly with him  be a guardian of the two king s or would stay in Asia  If he stayed  he would receive supplies of men  money and equipment to oppose Antigonus who had now openly declared himself a rebel against the kings  If he needed greater forces  Polysperchon would be ready with the kings and all the power that the kingdom of Macedon could muster to cross the seas and to come into Asia to join forces with him  Similar letters were sent to the treasurers in Cilicia  requiring them from the money which was at Quindi  where the kings  treasure for Asia was kept  according to Strabo       p      to immediately pay him   talents toward his recent losses  From the rest of the kings  money  they were to give him as much as he should ask  to hire and pay for foreign soldiers  He also wrote letters to Antigenes and Tentamus  who between them commanded   silver targeteers under Antigonus  that they defect to Eumenes and help him all they could  Polysperchon did this as the man that was made absolute commander and governor of all Asia under the kings  Olympias  the mother of Alexander the Great  did her part and wrote similar letters requiring all men to come and aid both herself and the kings    Diod  Sic  with Plut  and Emil  Prob  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2470,"EventTxt":"Eumenes left Cappadocia with only   cavalry and   foot soldiers  He could not wait for their arrival who had promised to enlist themselves under him but had not come yet  Menander was coming with a large army and would not allow him to stay in Cappadocia since he proclaimed himself to be a public enemy to Antagonus  Those who were left behind  followed Eumenes for three days  When they saw they could not possibly overtake him  they returned into Cappadocia   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2471,"EventTxt":"Eumenes made long marches and passed Mount Taurus and came into Cilicia  He was met by Antigenes and Tentamus  captains of the silver targeteers  with their friends  They obeyed the command of the kings  They congratulated his fortunate escape from so many and great dangers  They offered him their service and promised to stand by him in his utmost dangers  Then came the regiment of about   silver targeteers  all Macedonians to him and pledged their loyalty to him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-319,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3685,"JulPer":4395,"Dating":"3685 AM, 4395 JP, 319 BC"}
{"Index":2472,"EventTxt":"Eumenes  feared the envy of the Macedonians since he was alian born in Cardia in the Chersonese of Thracia  if he should assume absolute governor of the place  First he waived the receipt of the   talents which were given to him for his losses  He said that he did not need so great a sum since he assumed no government there   Diod  Sic    Plutarch   Then he pitched his tent in the name of Alexander and called it Alexander s pavilion  He pretended that he was warned to do so by a vision in a dream  He had a golden throne placed there with a sceptre and a diadem  They met there every day to consult about matters and he hoped to minimize any envy toward him if he seemed to administer all things under the majesty and title of Alexander   Diod  Sic  Plutarch  Emil  Prob  Polyanus        Stratag   Therefore  by this means he behaved in all the meetings as an ordinary man and spoke to every man with good  courteous language and removed all thoughts of envy toward him  He behaved like this toward the silver targeteers who were all Macedonians  He was highly esteemed by them and so much so that every man said that he was of all men most worthy to have the guardianship of the kings   Diod  Sic   He was so fair in his speech  He did not hesitate to call them  his fellow soldiers or his masters and companions of his in those eastern wars  He told them that they were the only men who conquered the east  They were the only men who outdid Bacchus and Hercules with their victories  They were the men who made Alexander  great  By them  he attained divine honours and immortal glory in the world  Eumenes desired that they would not look on him as their commander but as their fellow soldier and a man of their own company   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2473,"EventTxt":"Eumenes selected certain choice men from his friends  He gave them much money and sent them to hire soldiers promising a generous pay  Thereupon some went into Pisidia  Lycia and the places bordering them  Others went into Cilicia  Coelosyria  Phoenicia and the isle of Cyprus  They did their best to hire as many soldiers as they could  When many Greeks saw what generous pay was being offered  they came also  In a short time  they had gathered     foot soldiers and   cavalry besides the silver targeteers and those which Eumenes brought with him from Cappadocia   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2474,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy came with his navy to a port called Zaphyrium in Cilicia and sent some of his agents to solicit the silver targeteers to defect from Eumenes  since he was proclaimed as an enemy with the death sentence awaiting him  He sent also to the chief officers at Quindi and advised them not to issue any money to Eumenes  No one listened to Ptolemy because the kings  their governor Polysperchon and Olympias  Alexander s mother  had written to them  They required them to be obedient in all things to Eumenes as to the commander in chief and general of the kingdom   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2475,"EventTxt":"After this Antigonus sent one of his good friends Philotas with   Macedonians in his company to the silver targeteers to feel them out  They first asked their captains and main soldiers if by money they could be induced to kill Eumenes now that he was in their hands  They found no man agreeable to their desires except for Tentamus who was one of the captains of the silver targeteers  He agreed and tried to win over Antigenes his colleague  to help in this foul deed  Antigenes was not at all interested and prevailed with Tentamus to abandon his plan  He showed him that there were better things and better reasons for trusting Eumenes  a man of a moderate fortune and a limited power than from Antigonus who was already grown too powerful  Antigonus would cast them aside once he had gotten all into his hands and replace them with his own friends  Then Philotas sent to the chief captains Antigonus  letters that was directed to the soldiers in general  It required them to kill Eumenes on sight  It threatening them that if they did not do it  Antigonus would come shortly and attack them with his army and make examples of them for their disobedience  This terrified the soldiers  However  Eumenes came to them and persuaded them to follow the orders of their kings and not listen to the words of a man who had now proclaimed himself an open rebel  After speaking many things  Eumenes saved himself from imminent danger and made the troops more loyal to him than ever   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2476,"EventTxt":"Eumenes ordered them to march into Phoenicia  There he assembled all the ships he could from all the sea towns and made a strong navy  He planned that Polysperchon with a fleet at his command  might at any time sail with his forces from Macedon to Asia to fight against Antigonus  Therefore for this reason  he stayed even longer in Phoenicia   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2477,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Polysperchon made Clitus  the governor of Lydia  admiral of the fleet and sent him into the Hellespont  He ordered him to stay there and to ensure that no ships passed that way from Asia into Europe  He wanted him to help Aridaeus  the governor of lesser Phrygia  He had fled with such men as he had into the city of the Cyonians for fear of Antigonus   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2478,"EventTxt":"Clitus came into the Hellespont to protect the cities of Propontis  He had joined Aridaeus  army with his own  Then Nicanor  the captain of the garrison of Munychia welcomed Cassander who had put all his navy to sea  He took with him Antigonus  fleet so that he had more than   ships in his fleet  In a sea battle not far from the city of Byzantium  Clitus won and sunk   of the enemies  ships and captured at least   more with all the men in them   Diod  Sic   Clitus was overjoyed  A little before he had taken   or   ships of the Greeks near the Isle of Amorgus  one of the Cyclades  He allowed himself to be called Neptune and bare a trident in his hand   Plut        Dr  fortu  Alexan","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2479,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus heard of the loss of his navy at sea  he sent for some ships from Byzantium and put in them archers  slingers  targeteers and such lightly armed men  as many as he thought would fit  They landed on the European side and these attacked Clitus  men who had gone ashore and were busy in making their camp  They frightened and forced them to retreat to their ships again  They lost their baggage and many men were taken prisoner  In the meantime Antigonus procured other ships of war into which he put many of his best soldiers  He sent them to the same place with a strict charge to valiantly attack their enemies and they would no doubt overcome them  These came by night under the command of Nicanor their captain and attacked at the break of day  He routed them on the very first assault and bilging some of their ships with the prows of their ships  They captured other ships with the men in them who surrendered  At last  they took all the rest of the ships and men except only for Clitus  He abandoned his ship and fled to land and hoped to get into Macedonia  On the way he was attacked by Lysimachus  soldiers  who killed him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2480,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus had given the enemy this great defeat  he became master of the sea  He hurried to make himself absolute monarch of all Asia  Therefore  he selected the best     foot soldiers and   cavalry from his army and marched toward Cilicia  He planned to scatter those companies of Eumenes which were there before his whole army came together   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3686,"JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3686 AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2481,"EventTxt":"Jubilee","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3687a AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2482,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes knew of Antigonus  plans  he tried to persuade Phoenicia where he then was  to obey the kings  At that time it was unjustly occupied by Ptolemy  When he failed to do this  he left and went through Coelosyria  He hoped to get into those parts  which are called the upper provinces   Diod  Sic         He had the silver targeteers with him including their captain Antigenes  They had wintered in a country of Babylonia  called Cares   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-318,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4396,"Dating":"3687a AM, 4396 JP, 318 BC"}
{"Index":2483,"EventTxt":"Eumenes sent from there to Seleucus the governor of Babylonia and to Pithon the governor of Media to come and with himself to help the kings against Antigonus who had rebelled against them  Seleucus sent him word that he would do what he could for the kings  He would not help Eumenes  who was for a long time a condemned person by the council of Macedonians  He secretly sent to Antigenes and the silver targeteers to kill Eumenes  They refused   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2484,"EventTxt":"Eumenes had the loyalty of his soldiers  He marched to the bank of the Tigris River and there camped about   miles from Babylon  He lost some of his men by an uprising of the natives against him  From there he planned to go forward to Susa to gather his soldiers out of the upper provinces and to take the kings  money which was stored there for his own needs  Seleucus came on him near the Euphrates  Eumenes almost lost his whole army by a sudden flood which Seleucus caused by opening the head of an old dam and let in the water and flooded his camp and almost drowned everyone  Therefore Eumenes and his men were forced to flee from there to a higher ground  They spent that day figuring out how to recover things  The next day they got   flat bottom boats and transported the main part of the army without being hindered by the enemy  For Seleucus had nothing but cavalry with him and they were out numbered by Eumenes  When night came  Eumenes returned with his Macedonians to take care of the wagons which were left behind  They crossed the river and there with the help of the natives found a place to let out the water another way to make all that country dry and passable again  When Seleucus knew of this he was desirous to rid his country of such guests  As soon as he possibly could  he sent messengers to offer them a truce and so allowed them to march away without bothering them  So once again beyond all his expectations  Eumenes escaped from Seleucus and came with his army into Persia to the country of Susa  He had     foot soldiers and   cavalry  When he had refreshed his army after their hard and miserable march  he sent to the commanders of the upper provinces to send to him men and money for the service of the kings   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2485,"EventTxt":"Attalus Polemo  Antipater and Philotas who were all captains and captured in the defeat of Alcetes were committed to prison in an exceedingly strong citadel  When they heard that Antigonus marched up into the upper provinces   Diod  Sic  says  that at that time he was in Mesopotamia  they found a sword for each man  Although there was only   in their group  at midnight they attacked   men who were in the garrison  They first seized Xenopithes  the captain of the garrison and threw him down the rock of the citadel which was about   yards high  When they had killed some and forced the rest they set fire to the houses within the fort  Thereupon those who were outside waiting to see how the matter would go  went and about   were received into the citadel  When they were in they could not agree among themselves  whether they should hold the place and await supplies from Eumenes or leave it and every man go his own way  The soldiers of the other garrisons were not far off  About   foot soldiers and   cavalry and about   natives appointed a new captain and came to besiege the citadel  Docimus  who had advised to leave the place  saw an unguarded way down the hill  He sent a messenger to Statomice the wife of Antigonus  who was close by  He and another man got out and went to her  However  she did not keep her word with him and held him fast again  The man that went with him guided the enemy up to the citadel  They outnumbered the defenders and took over a strong place in it  Nevertheless Attalus  with the rest who were of the opinion to defend the fort and kept on fighting bravely from day to day for   months   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2486,"EventTxt":"When Pithon  who was governor of Media had killed Philotas  who was governor of the upper provinces  he replaced him with his own brother  Eudramus  Thereupon the other governors united their forces because they feared they would be treated in the same way and they knew that Pithon was a man of a violent disposition  They attacked and defeated him and killed many of his men  They drove him from all of Parthia  He went into Media hoping to have relief there  When he found none  he went to Babylon and there desired help from Seleucus   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2487,"EventTxt":"Eumenes stayed in the country of Susa  Lacking supplies  he divided his whole army into three brigades  Even so as he marched through the country  he found a great scarcity of grain everywhere  Instead  he was forced to give them rice and a kind of Indian wheat and the fruit of the palm tree which was in great abundance there  He had previously sent the kings  letters to the governors of the upper provinces requesting help  Again he sent more letters to them of his own  to request them to come to him with all their forces into the country of Susa  However  his messengers found them all in one body fighting Pithon   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2488,"EventTxt":"The leader of them all and the man most watched was Pencestes  whom Alexander had previously made the chief captain of his bodyguard and governor of Persia  He had with him     Persian archers and slingers  From the other countries he had taken   Macedonians with   cavalry from Greeks and Thracians along with   Persian cavalry  Polemon a Macedonian and governor of Carmania had   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Sibyrtius the governor of Arachosia had   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Androbazus had   foot soldiers and   cavalry that were sent from Oxyarta  the governor of Parapamysus  Stasanor  the governor of Aria and Drangia had   Bactrian foot soldiers and   cavalry  From India  Eudamus  whom Arrian calls Eudemus and Curtius calls Eudemon   the governor of the Oxydracans and Mallians brought   foot soldiers and   cavalry plus   elephants  These animals he got when he treacherously killed Porus  the king of the Indians  In total they had     foot soldiers  although the details sum to      and   cavalry   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2489,"EventTxt":"When they all came to Eumenes in the country of Susiana  they called a public council  There was a hot dispute especially between Pencestes and Antigenes the captain of the silver Targateers about the choice of a general  Eumenes removed the reasons for that dispute  by erecting a pavilion for Alexander and putting his throne in it  All meetings about public affairs were conducted here   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2490,"EventTxt":"When they all came together at Susa  Eumenes took from of the kings  treasury as much as the kings  service required  For the kings  letters to the keepers of their treasure had required that they only give money to Eumenes and as much as he needed  He gave the Macedonians   month s advance pay  He gave   talents to Eudamus who brought the elephants from India  This was under the pretence of defraying the cost of those beasts but it was intended to secure his loyalty  Eumenes knew that if any controversy happened  the side with the elephants would likely win  The rest of the governors paid for their own soldiers that they had brought with him  When this was done  Eumenes stayed a while in Susiana to refresh his army after their hard journey   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2491,"EventTxt":"Olympias  the mother of Alexander the Great  had Philippus Aridaeus  one of the two kings and his wife Euridice murdered  He had reigned   years  after the death of Alexander   Justin        c      and   years   months according to Diodorus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Porphyrie  in Grac  Euseb  p      says this happened about the  nd day of our September","YearBCAD":-317,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3687,"JulPer":4397,"Dating":"3687 AM, 4397 JP, 317 BC"}
{"Index":2492,"EventTxt":"Cassander  the son of Antipater  besieged Olympias with her grand child Hercules  the son of Alexander the Great and his mother Barsine  in the Macedonian town of Pydna  In the beginning of the next spring  they ran out of provisions and Olympias was forced to dismiss her soldiers  She surrendered to Cassander on the condition she would be allowed to live   Diod          Justin        c","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2493,"EventTxt":"Antigonus left Mesopotamia and came into the country of Babylonia  He allied himself with Seleucus and Pithon  After receiving some supplies from them  he made a bridge of boats over the Tigris River and there crossed the river  He quickly marched away to fight against Eumenes  However  Eumenes was notified before of this and ordered Xenophius  the keeper of the citadel in Susa to pay none of the kings  money to Antigonus  Neither was he to even talk to him  Eumenes went with his armies and manned the bank of the Tigris all along  from its source to the very sea with forts  These were built on its bank  Since that was a considerable undertaking  Eumenes and Antigones had Pencestes send them     more archers from Persia   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2494,"EventTxt":"Antigonus went with his army to the king s palace in Susa and made Seleucus the governor of that country  He left a sufficient army with him and wanted him to besiege the citadel  Xenophilus the treasurer refused to obey his commands  About the rising of the dog star  Siris   Antigonus with his army marched at night to the Copatres River where it joins the Tigris River  He lost a great number of his men because the season was so hot  He found that river to be about   feet wide  Therefore he got together a small quantity of flat bottomed boats and used them to get some of his foot soldiers across  He told them to wait for the rest to cross  Eumenes was notified of this by his scouts and was about   miles from the place  He crossed the Tigris River on a bridge and came with   foot soldiers and   cavalry  He found   foot soldiers and   cavalry of Antigonus  army had crossed over already  There were at least  ho were foraging about the country  He suddenly attacked them and routed them  He forced the Macedonians who fought into the river  They ran headlong into their boats which sunk from overloading  Few escaped  About   who would not venture into the river  were taken prisoners according to Diodorus  However  Plutarch says that when Antigonus crossed the Pasitigris River  the rest of the army did not know what had happened  Eumenes himself met him with his own company and killed many of his men  He filled the river with dead bodies and took   prisoners","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2495,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus saw that he could not pass that river  he retired with his army toward a city called Balaca that was located on the Ulaie River  He stayed here for a few days to refresh his army which was exhausted from the extreme heat  He planned to go to Ecbatane  He did not follow the highway because of the extreme heat and the journey would take at least   days  He went by the Cossaeans which was shorter and not so hot  In spite of this he lost a great number of men and risked the lives of the rest  After   days when they had yet to come to any habitable place in Media  the whole army began to grumble  For within   days  they had received three major set backs  Antigonus ordered Pithon to go over all Media which he did  He brought him  avalry  a   equipped cavalry horses and with enough equipment to outfit his army again  He brought   talents from the king s treasure also  Antigonus distributed the cavalry among his other troops and gave the horses to those who had lost their own  He gave the beasts of burden freely to those that wanted them  By this he quickly regained the love and favour of his army again   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2496,"EventTxt":"Eumenes with his men left Pafitigris for Persia and came to the royal seat of the kingdom  called Persepolis after a   day march  There his his whole army was entertained and most magnificently feasted by Pencestes the governor of that province  Sacrifices were offered to the gods including Alexander and Philip  Plutarch adds that a sheep was given to each of them for his own particular sacrifice  Eumenes knew that his purpose was to ingratiate himself with the army and to gain for himself the sovereign power and command of if  He forged a letter addressed to himself in the name of Orontes the governor of Armenia and good friend of Pencestes  It was written in Syriac letters  It stated that Olympias  with Alexander s youngest son  had defeated Cassander and had recovered the kingdom of Macedon again  Also it said that Polysperchon with the main force of the king s army and his elephants had crossed into Asia against Antigonus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Polya  Stratag         These letters passed as authentic  Therefore every man thought that Eumenes would be the most important man and in a position to advance whom he pleased and to punish whom he thought fit  Hence they resolved to depend on him  Any that opposed him he called them in question before the courts  He started with Sibyrtius the governor of Arachosia and so made them all afraid  In the meantime he courted Pencestes  loyalty and told him what great honour and wealth he would give to him when the time would come  By that means he prevented him from doing anything else against him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2497,"EventTxt":"Since he desired to ingratiate the rest of the governors of the provinces and commanders to himself  he made as though he needed more money  Therefore he exhorted them to contribute what they could spare for the king s service and collected   talents  He made them who seemed most fickle to him before  most loyal to him for fear of losing the money which they had lent to him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Plut  in Eunmenes","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3688,"JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3688 AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2498,"EventTxt":"In the lesser Asia  Attalus and the rest of the commanders with him  after enduring a   month siege and suffering much hardship were forced at last to surrender   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2499,"EventTxt":"In the greater Asia  Antigonus moved with his army from Media into Persia  Eumenes prepared to march against him and offered sacrifices and started feasting with his captains  He enjoyed their pleasure and became quite drunk and sick and had to sleep it off  This hindered his march for a few days  Thereupon his soldiers said that other generals could feast but Eumenes could do nothing but command and fight  After a little while  he recovered and went on his march  Pencestes and Antigenes led the troops and he was in a litter and came after with the elephants  The two armies were within a day s journey of each other when the scouts came in and brought news of their approach  They told the number of the enemy and the way they were coming  Thereupon each army prepared for the battle  When Eumenes who was lying in his litter did not come into the camp  the chief soldiers in every company resolved not to go any farther unless Eumenes came into the camp among them  Thereupon he was carried in his litter and so went from one quarter to another throughout the army  He gave orders everywhere for the arranging of the troops  Meanwhile Antigonus looked on and laughed at him for his efforts  So each side prepared for the battle which never happened because the intervening ground was so bad to fight on   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Plut  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2500,"EventTxt":"They approached each other within   yards and spent   days in small skirmishes and foraging the surrounding country  Each side was very hungry and needed supplies  On the  th day  Antigonus again tried to make Eumenes  army betray him by offering huge rewards  However  his agents were sent away by the enraged Macedonians  They threatened them if they came again on that errand  After this  Eumenes  received news that Antigonus planned to move his camp by night and take a   day journey to a place called Gubiene  This country abounded with all sorts of provisions  Therefore Eumenes sent some trusted men who pretended to be deserters to inform Antigonus that Eumenes would attack his camp that night  While Antigonus was preparing for the attack  Eumenes stole away with his army to go to Gubiene before Antigonus so he could find a good location for his camp  When Antigonus learned that Eumenes had tricked him and although Eumenes had a   hour head start  yet he followed him  He wanted Pithon to come safely later with the main body of the army  Antigonus with a company of the swiftest cavalry that he could choose  got ahead of Eumenes and showed himself upon a hill where Eumenes could see him  Eumenes gathered by this that Antigonus with all of his army was there  He made his stand before he came to the very place where he intended to pitch his camp and there arranged his battle in array  In the meanwhile  Antigonus  army came upon him  Thus these two great generals used their wits and tricked each other   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2501,"EventTxt":"In the country of the Paraeteceni  these two generals arranged their army in excellent formation and with great judgment as Diodorus describes in detail  Eumenes had with him     foot soldiers    cavalry and   elephants  Antigonus had     foot soldiers  more than   cavalry and   elephants  The battle was bravely fought on each side until almost midnight  The moon was almost full  When each side was exhausted with fighting  they stopped and went back to their camps  Antigonus lost   foot soldiers and   cavalry and had about  aimed horses  Eumenes lost   foot soldiers  a very small number of his cavalry and more than   were hurt   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2502,"EventTxt":"Eumenes wanted to bury the dead as a sign of a total victory but the army would not allow it  They wanted to go the place where their belongings were  Since that was some distance away  Eumenes was forced to allow them to do it","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2503,"EventTxt":"Antigonus forced his men to camp near the place where the battle was fought and where his men lay dead  They buried them and Antigonus said he had the victory  He said  vv He who had power to bury his dead was ever to be counted conqueror of the field","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2504,"EventTxt":"The bodies were buried by the break of day  He detained the herald who came to him to beg the bodies of the dead  He sent him back at night again and gave them permission to come and bury the bodies the next day","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2505,"EventTxt":"When he had sent away the herald  he marched away with all his army and by long marches came to Gamarga in Media which was far away from Eumenes  Pithon was governor of this country  It had abundant provisions and was able to maintain a very large army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp        When Eumenes had beaten Antigonus in the country of Paraetecene  he went away to take up his winter quarters in Media   Emil  Prob  in Eumene   in a place called Gadamalis or Gadarlis according to Diodorus  or Gadamarlis according to Polyaenus","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2506,"EventTxt":"Eumenes heard through his scouts that Antgonus did not follow him  His army was not up to it and he wanted to bury his dead  Among the dead was Ceteus  who commanded those who came to him from India  His burial caused a large argument between his two wives  Each wanted to have the honour of being burned alive with him  The younger of the two  won the argument  She was great with child and went into the fire and left the other to live if she wanted to  However  she from grief pined away and died  Diodorus describes this in detail","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2507,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes had finished burying his dead he went to Gabiene  This was some distance from where Antigonus was with his army  It was about a   day journey if one went through the inhabited country  If one went through the desert  they were only a   day journey apart  They wintered far from each other and gave their armies a chance to rest and recover their spirits again before the next spring   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2508,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Cassander the son of Antipater was desirous to make himself absolute king of Macedon  He had Olympias the mother of Alexander the Great murdered and married Thessalonice the daughter of Philip  not of Aridaeus  as Justin mistakes it  who was Alexander s own sister  When this was done  he sent Alexander the son of Alexander the Great  with Roxane his mother who was very greate with child  to be kept in the citadel at Amphipolis   Diod  year    Olymp     Justin        in fi","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2509,"EventTxt":"While Eumenes  soldier were resting  they grew heady and insolent  In spite of their commanders  they camped where they wanted to all over the country of Gaviene  Some of their tents were more than   miles from their headquarters   Plutarch  They selected their quarters  not according to any discipline or order of war but to satisfy their own desires and pleasures   Emil  Prob","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2510,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus was told of the disorder in Eumenes  camp  he decided to attack  He let it be known that he would march with his army from Media into Armenia  However  in the depth of winter about the winter solstice  he departed from the ordinary way and marched through the desert  He made fires in the daytime and put them out at night to escape detection  When they had spent   days on this tedious journey  the soldiers started making fires at night as well as by day because of the extreme cold  Some who lived in the desert saw this and using dromedaries which commonly run   miles in a day  they notified Eumenes and Pencestes of this   Diod  Sic  Plut  and Emil  Prob","YearBCAD":-316,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4398,"Dating":"3689a AM, 4398 JP, 316 BC"}
{"Index":2511,"EventTxt":"Pencestes was petrified when he heard this and thought of running away  Eumenes calmed things down and said he would take charge  The enemy would not come into those parts for at least   or   days  or as Emilius has it  more than   days  Therefore he sent messengers into all parts to require his troops to come to their head quarters  Then he went about with certain speedy officers and had fires made everywhere on the hill countries so Antigonus would see them  When Antigonus was within   miles from Eumenes  he saw those fires and began to imagine that he was betrayed and his purposes revealed by some of his own people  He thought Eumenes was coming to attack him with his whole army  He feared to risk his tired army against Eumenes  fresh and lusty soldiers  Therefore he turned aside from the plain  into a more winding way and there stayed one whole day to rest his men and to refresh his beasts  They would be in better shape to fight if need should be   Id  and Polyanus  Stratag","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2512,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile most of Eumenes  army came to their head quarters  When his soldiers saw his surpassing dexterity and wisdom in ordering things  they desired him to order all matters himself  Thereupon Antigenes  who was always loyal to him and Theudamus  the two commanders of the silver targeteers were envious  They plotted with the other captains of the army to kill him  When Eudamus  who commanded the regiment of the elephants and Phaedimus   being two of those who had lent him money and feared losing it if he died  knew of this  they immediately told Eumenes  He said that he had to deal with a company of bruit beasts  He went and made his will and then burnt his cabinet of papers least after his death they should tell tales and prove dangerous to those that had written them   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2513,"EventTxt":"Diodorus describes in detail the day of the battle between Antigonus and Eumenes  Antigonus had with him     foot soldiers and   cavalry with   elephants  Eumenes  army consisted of     foot soldiers    cavalry and     elephants  The field where they fought was very spacious  sandy and a desert  Such a dust was stirred up when the cavalry first charged that if a man were only a short ways off he could not see what was going on  When Antigonus saw this  he immediately sent some Median cavalry and some Tarentines from Italy at attack the baggage of the enemy  This was about   of a mile from the battle  Pencestes the governor of Persia was frightened by Antigonus and got out of the dust cloud with his horse and took with him some   more troops  However  the silver targeteers on Eumenes  side made a strong attack on Antigonus  main battle line and killed more then   and routed the rest  They lost not a single man  So Eumenes won and did not lose more than   men   Diod  Sic  Plut  Polyan  Stratag","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2514,"EventTxt":"After the battle  the Macedonians saw their wagons were all taken with their wives  children and whatever else was dear to them  There was great sorrow in the camp  Eumenes sought to pacify them and reminded them that they had killed   of the enemies and if they would be patient  the enemy would be forced to ask for peace and then all would be well again  They lost about   women  a few children and servants  This would be better regained by pressing the victory then by letting it go now that the victory was so close at hand  However  the Macedonians plainly told him that they would neither flee now they had lost their wives and children nor bear arms against them and started railing at him  Then Teutamus  of his own accord  sent a messenger to Antigonus to desire him to send back their goods again which he had taken  So the bargain was driven between them that if they surrendered Eumenes into his hands  they would get back their belongings  So the Macedonians      Persians who came with Pencestes  the other governors of places and most of the soldiers left Eumenes and went to Antigonus  camp   Idem  with Justin       c","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2515,"EventTxt":"Before they went  the silver targeteers broke in on Eumenes  took his sword from his hand and bound his hands behind him with a garter  On the  th day after the battle  they delivered him bound to Nicanor who was sent by Antigonus to receive him  Eumenes desired nothing of Nicanor but that he would lead him through the midst of the Macedonians and give him permission to speak his last words to them  When this was done  he went before his keepers into Antigonus  camp followed by the army which had betrayed their own commander and who were now themselves no better than so many captive slaves  They went in triumph of themselves into their conqueror s camp  To make it a complete triumph  the elephants and the auxiliaries from India brought up the rear  Antigonus  for very shame and reverence of the old friendship that had been between them  did not allow Eumenes to be brought into his sight but assigned him to certain soldiers to keep him   Plutarch in Eumene  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2516,"EventTxt":"Among those that were wounded  Hieronumus of Cardia  the Historian was brought  He was always held in great esteem with Eumenes during his life  After his death  he was held in great favour also by Antigonus   Diod  Sic        year    Olymp      This Hieronimus wrote a book as Diodorus        p      and Josephus         cont  Apionem  p      call it  or  as Dionysius Halicarnaslaeus in the poem of Roman Antiquities calls it   It was concerning the successors of Alexander the Great and the general history of his own time","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2517,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus had now gotten both Eumenes and all his army into his hands  he first laid hold on Antigenes  the commander of the silver targeteers  He put him alive into a coffin and burnt him to ashes  Then he executed Eudamus  who brought Eumenes elephants from India  and Celbanus and some others who opposed him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2518,"EventTxt":"When Onomarchus the captain of the watch asked Antigonus  how he would have Eumenes to be kept  he replied that as you would keep a raging lion or an unruly elephant  Later he relented and he ordered his heavy chains to be removed and a boy of his own to be allowed to attend him and to help to anoint him  He allowed Eumenes  friends to visit him and to supply him with necessaries  Although his own son Demetrius and Nearchus the Cretian were desirous to spare him and tried to save his life  almost all the rest that were about Antigonus urged him to kill Eumenes  In spite of all this  Antigonus took   days to think about it  When he feared least his army might rebel  he ordered that no man would be allowed to come to Eumenes  He ordered him to be given no food because he said that he would not kill him who had formerly been his friend  When Eumenes had neither eaten nor drank in   day s time and the camp was suddenly to be moved and a man was sent and cut Eumenes  throat  Antigonus knew nothing of this and in respect to his former friendship  he ordered his corpse to be turned over to his closest friends to be buried as they thought fit  They burned it in an honourable and military way  All the army following the bier and burnt it  They gathered his bones into a silver urn and took care to deliver them to his wife and children in Cappadocia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Plutarch and Emil  Prob  in Eumene","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2519,"EventTxt":"Antigonus returned into Media with his whole army and spent the rest of the winter in a town not far from Ecbatane  He distributed his army here and there all over that province and especially in the country of Rages  It was called that from f r because there had been more than  ities and towns destroyed by earthquakes in those parts according to Strabo        p      from Possidomus  Antigonus discovered that Pithon the governor of Media tried to ingratiate many of his soldiers with generous gifts and promises and to encourage them to revolt from him  Antigonus handled the matter very astutely  He let it be known that he planned to make Pithon governor of the upper provinces and give him a sufficiently large army for that purpose  He also wrote letters to Pithon and earnestly asked him to come quickly to him so they could consult together on some important matters so that he could immediately march into lesser Asia  By these and other letters sent to Pithon from his supposed friends  Pithon  who was then in the remotest parts of all Media in his winter quarters  came to Antigonus  As soon as Antigonus had him  he called him before a council of war  They quickly found him guilty and chopped off his head   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689b AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2520,"EventTxt":"Antigonus gathered all his army together and committed the government of Media to Orontobazes  a Median  He made Hippostratus the general of his army who had   foreign foot soldiers under him  Antigonus took the main body of his army to Ecbatane where he got  alents of solid silver  Then he marched into Persia and after a   day march  he arrived at Persepolis  its capital city   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2521,"EventTxt":"While Antigonus was on his way there  the friends of Pithon   those that were in on Pithon s conspiracy of which Meleager and Menoetas were the leaders  and followers of Pithon and Eumenes came from those parts to the country and met together  They had about   cavalry  They first attacked the lands and possessions of the Medes who refused to join with them in this rebellion  Then they attacked Herostrotus and Orontobazus  camp by night  They almost overcame the outer works but had to retire because they were outnumbered  They only persuaded a few Medes to follow them  Some of the nimblest of the cavalry made many incursions on the country people and raised many disturbances among them  At last they were enclosed in a place surrounded by rocks and cliffs  There some were killed and the rest captured  Meleager and Ocranes and the better men of them who would not surrender  died fighting   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2522,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antigonus came to Persia  the people honoured him like a king and proclaimed him master of all Asia  He called a council of his friends and he propounded to them the matter of the government of the various provinces to be considered  They decided to give Carmania to Tlepolemus  Bactria to Stasanor and Parapamisus to Oxyartes the father of Roxane since they could not easily remove them from their posts  Evitus was sent to Aria and he died soon after he came there  Euagoras who was a man of outstanding valour and grave wisdom  replaced him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2523,"EventTxt":"Antigonus sent for Sibyrtius from Arachosia who was his friend  He confirmed him in his government of that province and gave him   of the most rebellious silver targeteers who had betrayed Eumenes  He appointed them to him under the pretence of helping him in the war  His real reason was to kill them for he ordered Sibyrtius to use them in the risky work until he had destroyed them  Antigonus did not want any of them to ever return to Macedonia or see Greece again   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Plut  in Eumene and Polyamus  Stratag","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2524,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus found that Pencestes was highly respected in Persia  he planned to remove him from his government  When all the Persians complained about this  Thespias one of the leaders  spoke publicly against it  He said that the Persians would only be governed by Pencestes  Antigonus had Thespias killed and made Asclepiodorus  the governor of Persia  He strung Pencestes along with vain hopes of better things until he had drawn him out of Persia   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2525,"EventTxt":"While Antigonus was on his way to Susa  Xenophilus  who had the keeping of the kings treasure at Susa  was sent by Seleucus and met Antigonus at Pasitigris and offered Antigonus his service in whatever he required  Antigonus received him very graciously and pretended that he honoured him more than all his friends  Antigonus feared least he might happen to change his mind and keep him out when he came to Susa  When he came into the citadel of Susa  he took it over for himself  He got the golden vine and a number of objects of art totalling     talents  All this he made into coins  In addition to the crowns of gold and other presents and spoils taken from the enemy which amounted to   more talents  he took     talents out of Media   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689c AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2526,"EventTxt":"Antigonus put Aspisus  a native of the country  as the new governor of the province of Susa  He planned to carry away all this money to the sea coast in Asia  He had wagons made for this purpose and journeyed toward Babylon   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689d AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2527,"EventTxt":"After   days  he arrived at Babylon and Seleucus  the governor of that province  received him with all royal presents and feasted his whole army  Antigonus wanted him to give an account of all the money in the public treasury which he had received there since he was appointed to his position  Seleucus replied that he was not bound to give an account for that which was given him by the Macedonians for the service which he had done for Alexander in his lifetime  When hostilities grew daily between them  Seleucus knew he was too weak to tackle Antigonus and feared lest he be killed like Pithon  He stole away with only   cavalry in his company and fled to Ptolemy in Egypt  All the world spoke of how good Ptolemy was to all those that fled to him for refuge   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       and Appia  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689d AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2528,"EventTxt":"Antigonus was quite happy that he had been able to take over Babylon without having to kill his old friend  The Chaldeans told him  that if he let Seleucus go  all Asia would be his and he would one day lose his life in a battle against him  He repented that he had let him go and sent men after him to take and bring him back again  After they had pursued him for awhile  they gave up and returned to Antigonus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Thereupon  he removed Blirores  the governor of Mesopotamia for allowing Seleucus to pass that way   Appia  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689d AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2529,"EventTxt":"When Seleucus was safely in Egypt  Ptolemy entertained him very graciously  When he told Ptolemy all the things Antigonus had done against him  he persuaded Ptolemy to fight against Antigonus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Pausanias in his Attica  p","YearBCAD":-315,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3689,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4399,"Dating":"3689d AM, 4399 JP, 315 BC"}
{"Index":2530,"EventTxt":"From there Seleucus with some his closest friends went to Europe  to persuade Cassander  who then commanded all in Macedonia and Lysimachus  who was over Thracia  to wage war on Antigonus  Antigonus suspected his intentions and sent his agents to Ptolemy  Cassander and Lysimachus  to request their love and friendship to him as in former times   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      However  Seleucus carried the day so that they all joined together with him in a firm league against Antigonus   Appia  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2531,"EventTxt":"Antigonus had made Pithon  who came from India  governor of Babylon  Then he marched toward Cilicia and came to Mallos  a city in Cilicia  There he distributed his army into their winter quarters since it was the time when Orion arose in our month of November  He received     talents in the city of Quindi of the same province  He received       talents more from the yearly revenue of the place   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2532,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus had gone into upper Syria  ambassadors came to him from Ptolemy  Cassander and Lysimachus  They came to him as he sat in council and made their demands according to their instructions  Antigonus was to surrender all Cappadocia and Lycia to Cassander  Phrygia that bordered on Hellespont was to be turned over to Lysimachus  All Syria was to be given to Ptolemy and the province of Babylon to Seleucus  All the public money which he had taken since the death of Eumenes was to be shared equally among them  Antigonus replied roughly that he was now making war on Ptolemy and that his purpose was not to have any partners in either the peril or the profit   Diod  and Appia  ut sup  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2533,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors returned with this answer  Ptolemy  Cassander and Lysimachus prepared immediately to fight against Antigonus by sea and land   Id   When Antigonus knew what a gathering storm was about to break over his head  he sought the alliances of other cities and countries and princes to help him is this war  To this end  he sent Agesilaus to the king of Cyprus  Idomeneus and Moschion to Rhodes and Ptolemy  his own brother s son  in Cappadocia  with an army and Aristodemus into Laconia with   talents to hire soldiers there  He placed couriers and watchmen throughout all Asia which was wholly at his command to quickly send him news of anything that happened","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2534,"EventTxt":"When this was done he marched into Phoenicia and camped near Tyre  He ordered them to provide him with a fleet  He sent for the petty kings and governors of those parts to come to him  When they came  he asked them to join with him in supplying a fleet and in building more ships  All the ships that belonged to Phoenicia were at that time with Ptolemy in Egypt  He ordered them to bring him       bushels of wheat  This was the annual expense of keeping his army  He then had men fell timber and build ships  He used   men and   beasts of burden to move the materials for the ships from Mount Lebanon to the sea side   Diod  and Appia  ut sup  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2535,"EventTxt":"While Antigonus was busy building a fleet and had his camp by the seaside  Seleucus sailed past with   well outfitted ships  He sailed along in a scornful manner under their very noses  Antigonus  new associates where greatly troubled by this  Antigonus encouraged them and said that by the end of summer  they would see him put to sea with a fleet of   ships as good as those  Meanwhile Agesilaus returned with his embassy from Cyprus and brought word that Nicocreon and the most powerful kings of that island had already confederated with Ptolemy  However  Citticus  Lapithus  Marrius and Cirenytes would join with him  Thereupon Antigonus left   men under the command of Andronicus  to maintain the siege against Tyre  With the rest of the army he marched against Gaza and Joppa which held out against him and took them by force  Any of Ptolemy s men he found there  he distributed among his own companies to serve him in his wars  He placed garrisons in both places to keep them in obedience  He returned to his standing camp before Tyre  and prepared all necessaries for a siege against it   Diod  Sic  Appia  his Syriaca p     Justin        c","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2536,"EventTxt":"At the same time Aristo  who was entrusted to carry Craterus  bones  delivered them to Phila  the daughter of Antipater  who was married first to Craterus and later to Demetrius  Antigonus had persuaded her father to have his son Demetrius marry her       He was not happy with the match because she was so much older than he  He would always toast him in the feast with that saying from Eurypedes  vv In marriage look to thy gain  Though nature sometimes doth restrain","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2537,"EventTxt":"He changed the saying by replacing to serve by to marry  He meant that a man must do anything to serve his own ambitions       Phila was a woman who was reputed to excel both in wit and wisdom  Thereby she often repressed the tumultuous spirits of the most turbulent soldiers in the army  She preferred in marriage at her own cost  the sisters and daughters of the poorer sort among them   Id  with Plut  in the life of Demetrius","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2538,"EventTxt":"Aristodemus was sent with other captains into Laconia  He got permission from the Spartans  to raise soldiers and got   troops from Peloponesus  In a conference with Polysperchon and his son Alexander they made a firm alliance with Antigonus and made Polysperchon their general  Aristodemus made Polysperchon commander over the forces which he had raised in Peloponesus and had Alexander cross over into Asia to Antigonus   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2539,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy  another of Antigonus  captains  went with an army into Cappadocia  He found the city Amisus besieged by Asclepiodorus  a captain of Cassander  He raised the siege and secured the place and sent Asclepiodorus running  Subject to certain conditions  he recovered that whole province for Antigonus  He marched through Bithynia and came up on the back of Zibytes  king of Bithynia while he was busy in the siege of two cities at once  One city belonged to the Assacenians and the other to the Chalcedonians  Ptolemy forced him to raise his siege from both cities  Both cities surrendered to Ptolemy and gave him hostages as a pledge of their loyalty  Ptolemy then moved toward Ionia and Lydia because Antigonus had written to him to secure that coast as quickly as possible  He had intelligence that Seleucus was going into those parts with his fleet  Seleucus had indeed already come and besieged the city Erythrae  When he heard that Ptolemy  the nephew of Antigonus was coming  he left it and went away as he came   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2540,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Alexander  the son Polysperchon  came to Antigonus  Before the whole army including the strangers that were in it  Antigonus publicly declared to them what Cassander had done  He said he would avenge the murder of Olympias by Cassander and deliver Alexander his king s son with his mother Roxane from the prison in Amphipolis  He would break off that yoke which Cassander had laid upon all the cities of Greece by putting his garrisons into them  Antigonus sent back Alexander  Polysperchon s son  with   more talents into Peloponesius   Diod  Sic  with Justin       c","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2541,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus had received a fleet from Rhodes along with his other recently built ships  he sailed for Tyre  Since he was master of the sea  he blockaded them by sea and starved them  Thereby that city was in great distress   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2542,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy of Egypt  heard the declaration Antigonus had made with the Macedonians concerning the delivery of all Greeks from the rule of Cassander  Ptolemy did the same  He was desirous that all the world know that he was no less zealous for the liberty of all Greeks than Antigonus was  Asander the governor of Caria who was a man of great power and had many large cities under his command joined with Ptolemy  Although Ptolemy had formerly sent   soldiers to the kings of Cyprus  yet he now sent them     more under the command of Myrmidon an Athenian born and   ships commanded by Polyclitus  He made his brother Menelaus general over the whole force   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2543,"EventTxt":"When these came to Cyprus  Seleucus and his fleet met them  In a council of war they determined their plan of action  They decided that Polyclitus with   ships would pass into Peloponesus and there make war on Aristodemus  Polysperchon and Polysperchon s son  Alexander  Myrmidon with an army of foreigners would go into Caria  there to help Asander the governor of that province against Ptolemy  a captain of Antigonus who warred with Asander  Seleucus and Menelaus would stay in Cyprus to support Nicocreon the king and the rest of their confederates against their enemies who warred against them  When they divided their forces  Seleucus went and took Cerynia and Lapithus  When he persuaded Stasiaecus  king of the Malenses  to join his side  he forced the prince of the Amathusians to give him hostages for his safety in time to come  The city of Citium would not come to an agreement with him  therefore he besieged it with his whole army   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2544,"EventTxt":"About the same time    ships sailed to Antigonus from the Hellespont and Rhodes under the command of one Themison their admiral  After this Dioscorides came with   more ships  Antigonus already had a navy of   ships of his own recently built in Phoenicia  Now counting the ones besieging Tyre he had a navy of   ships    of four tiers of oars    of five    of nine   of ten and   were open galleys  He divided this navy and sent   of them into Peloponesus and the rest he committed to help his friends as required  He wanted to have the islands which still held out against him  join his side   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2545,"EventTxt":"Polyclitus  Seleucus  lieutenant  sailed from Cyprus and came to Cenchrea which was a port of Corinth  When he found that Alexander  Polysperchon s son  had defected from Antigonus to Cassander and was no longer an enemy he sailed for Pamphylia  From there he sailed to Aphrodisiades in Cilicia  Here he learned that Theodotus  a captain of Antigonus  navy  had passed by from Patara a port of Lycia  He had the Rhodian fleet that was manned by sailors from Caria  He also learned that Perilaus with a land army  followed along by the shore for the defence of the fleet if required  In this case he used his wits to defeat him  He landed his men and placed them near a suitable place where the land army must pass  He with the fleet went and anchored behind a cape near the place and awaited the coming of the enemy  It happened that when Perilaus  army came  he fell into the ambush that was laid for him  He was taken prisoner  Some of his men were slain and the rest were captured alive  When the fleet at sea saw the land army engaged  they hurried to their relief  Polyclitus  attacked them in this confusion  with his ships in good formation and easily routed them  So Polyclitus captured all their ships and most of the men in them  Theodoras  their Admiral  died shortly after this from his wounds   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2546,"EventTxt":"When Polyclitus had such good success  first he sailed back to Cyprus and later to Pelusium in Egypt  Ptolemy richly rewarded him for so great a service  He promoted him to a far higher dignity and place of honour than he was in before because he was the author of so great a victory  He released Perilaus and some other of the prisoners whom Antigonus desired through a messenger he sent to him  Ptolemy went to Ecregma to a parley with Antigonus  When Antigonus refusing to grant him what he demanded  he left and returned to Egypt   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-314,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3690,"JulPer":4400,"Dating":"3690 AM, 4400 JP, 314 BC"}
{"Index":2547,"EventTxt":"Cassander marched with an army from Macedonia into Caria  He wanted to help the cities which had allied themselves with Ptolemy and Seleucus  He also wanted to hinder Antigonus from coming into Europe  The commanders of this army  Asander the governor of Caria and Prepelaus heard that Ptolemy the general of Antigonus in those parts had his winter quarters for his army there  Also he was now busy in the burying of his father who had recently died  They sent Eupolemus with   foot soldiers and   cavalry Caprima in Caria to lie in ambush for him  Ptolemy found out about it by some that defected to him  He got together   foot soldiers and   cavalry  He attacked them in their trenches and found them there all fast asleep  He took Eupolemus prisoner and forced all the rest to submit to his discretion   Diod  Sic  year   Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2548,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus saw that Cassander wanted to be master of Asia  he left his son Demetrius in Syria with instructions to intercept Ptolemy s men  He suspected they were coming with an army further up into Syria  He left his son     foreign foot soldiers    Macedonians    from Lycia and Pamphylia    Persian arches and slingers    cavalry and more than   elephants  He left four men as counsellors  Nearchon  Pithon who came recently from Babylon  Andromicus and Philippus  These were all men of mature age and judgment  They had served Alexander the Great in his exploits  Demetrius was a young man not more than  years old   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2549,"EventTxt":"Antigonus took the rest of the army and went to cross the Taurus Mountains  There was a heavy snow storm and he lost many of his men  Thereupon he returned back into Cilicia and was told of an easier less dangerous way to cross that mountain  He came to Ceraenae in Phrygia and made his winter quarters for his army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2550,"EventTxt":"After Tyre had withstood a   month siege  it conditionally surrendered to Antigonus  The men of Ptolemy  the king of Egypt  were allowed to leave with their belongings  Andronicus was left there to hold the place with a garrison   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp         year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2551,"EventTxt":"Antigonus sent for Medius to come to him with his fleet which he had in Phoenicia  On his way he met with the fleet of the city Pydna  He captured it and brought both it and all the men in it to Antigonus   Diod  Sic  year     Olympiad","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2552,"EventTxt":"Asander  the governor of Caria  being overwhelmed by the enemy  came to this agreement with Antigonus  He would give all his army to Antigonus  All the Greek cities there could live according to their own laws  Asander would hold the government which he had there  as a grant from Antigonus and would be a loyal friend to Antigonus  As security  he gave his own brother Agathon as a pledge  However  a short time later he changed his mind  He got his brother from them and sent his agents to Ptolemy and Seleucus to come speedily and help him  Antigonus took this rather badly and sent his naval and land forces to attack the free Greek cities  To this end  he made Medius his general of the army and Docimus his admiral of the navy  When they came to Milesum  he challenged the inhabitants to fight for their freedom  They captured the citadel and placed a garrison there  They restored the city to her original freedom again        Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2553,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Antigonus took Tralles and attacked the city Caunus  He sent for his fleet and took the city except the citadel  He made a trench around it and made continual assaults on it where it looked like there might be places he could break through  He had sent Ptolemy to the city Iassus  However  he was forced to come back and join with Antigonus  So all these cities came at that time under his control   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3691,"JulPer":4401,"Dating":"3691 AM, 4401 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":2554,"EventTxt":"The Cyrenians defected from Ptolemy and fiercely besieged the citadel there  They had almost taken it when messengers from Alexandria came and persuaded them to stop  They decapitated them and worked harder than ever to take the citadel  Ptolemy was rather upset by this and sent his captain  Agis  with an army there  He sent a navy under the command of Epaenetus to help Agis  Agis pursued the war against these rebels vigorously and took the city of Cyrene  He imprisoned the authors of this sedition and then sent them bound to Alexandria  He disarmed the rest  when he had set things in order there  he returned into Egypt   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2555,"EventTxt":"After this success in Cyrene  Ptolemy sailed with his fleet to Cyprus to fight against those who rebelled there against their kings  He captured and executed Pygmalion  who worked with Antigonus  He imprisoned Praxippus king of the Lapithi and the prince of Cerynnia  who was suspected of a revolt  Likewise he imprisoned Stasiaecus  a petty king of the Malians and destroyed their city  He relocated the inhabitants from there to Paphos  After this  he made Nicocreon commander over all Cyprus and gave him the cities together with the revenues of all the kings which he had expelled from their dominions  Then he went with his army into the upper Syria and sacked the cities of Possideum and Potamos in Caria  Then he went quickly with a light army and took Mallus in Cilicia  He sold all the inhabitants into slavery and wasted all the region around there  When he had made his army rich from plunder  he sailed back again to Cyprus   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2556,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Demetrius  the son of Antigonus  stayed in Coelosyria awaiting the coming of the Egyptians  When he heard what damage Ptolemy had done to so many cities in Syria  he left Pithon to command in those parts  He left his heavily armed soldiers and elephants with Pithon and he with his cavalry and companies of lightly armed soldiers rushed toward Cilicia to help save them from Ptolemy  He came too late and found the enemies had already gone  He speedily returned to his camp again and ruined many of his horses on the way  In   days  he marched from Mallus which is normally a   day journey by their ordinary marches  So that through rapid travel  none of the servants of cavalry were able to keep up to them   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2557,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy saw everything going as he wanted it  he returned to Egypt  Not long after Seleucus urged him to attack Antigonus because Seleucus hated Antigonus  Therefore Ptolemy planned to march into Coelosyria and attack Demetrius  He gathered all his army together  he marched from Alexandria to Pelusium  He had     foot soldiers and   cavalry of which some were Macedonians and some were mercenaries  Some Egyptians helped carry their darts  weapons and other baggage of the army and some went as soldiers  When they crossed the desert from Pelusium  Ptolemy camped near the old city of Gaza and awaited the enemy s arrival   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2558,"EventTxt":"In the    th olympiad  Ptolemy defeated Demetrius  the son of Antigonus in a main battle near Gaza  Ptolemy was called after this  Poliorcetes  that is the city taker according to Castor the Historian reports as cited by Josephus         cont  Apion  p      Diodorus gives the details of the battle in his history of that olympiad  He says that   were taken prisoners and about   killed  This should be amended from Plutarch who says   were killed  Among the nobles who were killed was Pithon  who was at that time joint commander with Demetrius and Boeotus who had lived a long time with Antigonus the father and was ever knowledgable about his plans and affairs","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2559,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy and Seleucus took Gaza  However Demetrius  by the help of a good pair of spurs came to Azotus about the next midnight after riding about   miles  From there he sent messengers to beg the bodies of his dead for burial  Ptolemy and Seleucus immediately granted this and also sent back his own pavilion with all its furniture gratis and without ransom  They added a generous message that they fought not for pay but for honour and to see who should wear the garland   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Plutarch  in Demetrio  and Justin        c","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2560,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was no longer able to hold out in the position he was in  He sent a messenger with his letters to his father who was in Phrygia  He asked for help and to come quickly  Demetrius said he was coming to Tripoli in Phoenicia  He sent for the soldiers that were in Cilicia and elsewhere in remote garrisons from the enemies quarters  to come to him   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2561,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus heard the news  he said that Ptolemy had now gotten the victory over a company of beardless boys  Next time he would fight with men  So not to discourage his son and because his son wanted another fight with Ptolemy  Antigonus said he could fight with him alone if he wanted to   Plutarch  in Demetrio","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2562,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy sent the prisoners whom he had taken to Egypt  They were distributed among the various regiments of his fleet  When he had honourably interred his dead troops  he marched on and attacked the cities and strong places of Phoenicia  Some he besieged and he persuaded others to yield to him  When he captured Sidon he went and camped before Tyre  He sent to Andronicus  the captain of the garrison  to surrender the city to him  He gave him generous promises of wealth and honour  He replied that he would never betray the trust which Antigonus and his son Demetrius had put in him and said many harsh things against Ptolemy  However a little later his soldiers rebelled and he was taken by Ptolemy  He overlooked the harsh words he had spoken against him and highly rewarded him  He took Andronicus into the number of his friends and regarded him highly   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2563,"EventTxt":"Seleucus took with him   foot soldiers from Ptolemy s  as Appianus has it  for Diodorus says only     and   cavalry  With so small a force he went to recover his government of the province of Babylon  When he came with them into Mesopotamia  he there dealt with the Macedonians he found living in Carran  He persuaded some to follow him  others he forced to go along with him in his journey  No sooner had he set foot within the territory of Babylon  then the inhabitants came flocking to him and offered him their service in the recovering of his government  Polyarchus also  who held some kind of office among them  came to him to receive his commands and brought   armed troops to him  When those who sided with Antigonus knew of his popularity with the people  they all fled to the citadel which was commanded by Diphilus  Seleucus besieged it and took it by force  He released from there the children and friends of his that Antigonus had imprisoned when Seleucus had fled to Egypt for fear  When this was done  he started raising soldiers in the country  He bought horses and distributed them among those who were able to ride them  With all of them be behaved fairly and friendly  He secured their loyalty so they were all ready to risk any hazard with him  So for the third time he again recovered all his government of Babylon   Diod  Sic  with Appian  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2564,"EventTxt":"Nicanor  whom Antigonus had made governor of the province of Media  marched against Seleucus with     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Seleucus immediately went to meet him with a little more than   foot soldiers and   cavalry  When he had crossed the Tigris River  he heard that the enemy was not far off  He hid his men in the marshes around there and planned to ambush Nicanor  When Nicanor came to the bank of the Tigris River  he could not find the enemy and camped near to a post house of the kings  Little did he think that the enemy was so near  The next night he was not even thinking about the enemy and did not post a proper military watch  Seleucus attacked him and raised a great tumult in his army  When the Persians started to fight back  Euager their general along with other commanders were killed  After this fight most of Nicanor s army abandoned him and defected to Seleucus  They did not like the fix they were in nor did they care for Antigonus  Thereupon Nicanor feared what would happen next lest his soldiers turn him over to Seleucus  He stole away with some few of his friends  and fled home through the desert into Media again   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2565,"EventTxt":"When Seleucus had gotten this powerful army  he still behaved well toward all men and easily subdued the provinces of Media  Susa and the other bordering countries  He quickly sent Ptolemy word how he had regained his full regal power and majesty   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Based on this  Eusebius counts this as the first year of Seleucus  reign  All note that the Edesseni begin their epoch here  The story of the Maccabees  account of the Greek reign begins here  Without a doubt this is from the autumn of this very year  that is  from September or October of the year   JP  Starting at that time  the writer of the second book of Maccabees calculates his Greek years  and the Jews there  eram Contractium  i e  their account of Contracts  and those of Edessa  and other Syrians  in their Epoch of the Seleucian Kingdom  and the Arabians  the years of Alexander Dehiplarnain  as they call them  Yet the writer of the first book of Maccabees begins his account of the Greek year  from the previous spring to this autumn and Ptolemy of Alexandria  in his great Syntaxis begins his Chaldean account  from the next spring","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3692,"JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3692 AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2566,"EventTxt":"While Ptolemy of Egypt remained still in Coelosyria  he sent one of his friends  called Cilles  a Macedonian  with a large army against Demetrius  He was camped in upper Syria and Ptolemy wanted Cilles to fight with him and either drive him out of Syria or confine him there and destroy him  Demetrius was told this by his spies that Cilles with his army camped at Myus carelessly without keeping a proper watch  He left his baggage behind him  marched away with a company of light footed troops  They travelled all night and a little before daybreak they attacked Cilles  camp  They turned it into chaos and captured Cilles with   soldiers and much booty besides  Since he thought Ptolemy was coming later with all his army  he pitched his camp in a place where he had a bog on the one hand and a large lake on the other side to protect him   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp       Plut  in Demetrio","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3693a AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2567,"EventTxt":"Demetrius sent news of this good success to his father Antigonus at Celenae in Phrygia  He asked him to quickly send an army or to come himself in person into Syria  When Antigonus read the letter  he was overjoyed by the news of the victory and his son s conduct in managing the battle  He showed himself a man worthy to wear the crown after Antigonus   Diodor   Demetrius  with his father s permission  sent back Cilles and all his friends to Ptolemy again  Thereby  he was no longer indebted to Ptolemy for his former kindness to him   Plut","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3693a AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2568,"EventTxt":"Antigonus with his army moved from Phrygia and in a few days crossed the Taurus Mountains and came to his son Demetrius  Ptolemy followed the advice of his council and decided to leave Syria  Before he left  he laid waste and destroyed the main cities which he had captured  These included  Aeon in Syrophoenicia  Joppa  Samaria and Gaza of Syria  He took whatever he could carry from there and returned to Egypt loaded with wealth   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3693a AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2569,"EventTxt":"A great number of men who lived there noticed his good disposition and clemency of nature  They wanted to return with him to Egypt  Among those was Ezechias  a high priest of the Jews   Perhaps a secondary one  for the chief high priest at that time was Onias the first  Ezechias was about   years old and highly respected among his people  very eloquent and had much experience in the affairs of the world  This and much more concerning this Ezechias is told by Hecaraeus the historian  who conversed with him in Ptolemy s army  in a peculiar Treatise which he wrote about the Jews  He tells a long story about another Jew  whom he became acquainted with  named Mosollamo  or Meshullamo  His story is  vv When I went toward the Red Sea  there was one among the rest  of a troop of cavalry of the Jews who escorted us  a man called Mosollamus  He was a high spirited man and the best archer of all the company  He saw a certain wizard in the company who stood still  He desired all the company to do the same while he observed a certain bird that flew so he could divine by it  Mosollamus asked him why he stood still  When the wizard showed him the bird which he was watching and said that it would be best for the company to stay there if the bird would stay where she was  If she arose and flew before them then they should go forward too  If she flew back  then all the company ought also to return  Mosollamus said nothing but drew his bow and shot and killed the bird  The wizard and others there present were angry about this and shamed him for his actions  He replied that why were they angry with him and why do you pick up this unlucky bird  How could the bird that did not know what was about to happen to it  predict what would happen to them on their journey  If she had any knowledge of things to come  she would never have come there to be shot to death by Mossollamus a Jew","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3693a AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2570,"EventTxt":"Many things besides this are told by Josephus   in his book  contra  Apion   from the same book concerning the Jews  He says that at that time there were   priests who received tithes and governed all things belonging to the commonwealth  Demetrius Phalareus  in his Epistle to Ptolemaeus Philadelphus   found in Aristeas his book of the   Interpreters and in the same Josephus        Antiquit  c      from the same author tells us the reason why no heathen poet or historian mentions either of those sacred books or of those men who lived according to the rules set down in them  These books contain a sacred and a venerable rule which was not to be uttered by unhallowed mouths","YearBCAD":-312,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4402,"Dating":"3693a AM, 4402 JP, 312 BC"}
{"Index":2571,"EventTxt":"Antigonus had recovered all Syria and Phoenicia without fighting a battle  He journeyed to the country of the Arabians  called the Nabathaeans  He thought they never really favoured his actions  Therefore he appointed one of his friends called Athenaeus  with   foot soldiers and   light cavalry to attack them and get as much spoil as he could  About that time of the year  all the neighbouring countries came together to a common market to sell their wares  The Nabathaeans went to this market according to their custom  They left their wealth and the old men with their wives and children on the top of a rock  Athenaeus waited for this opportunity and quickly marched to this rock  He left the province of Edom and marched   miles in   days and   nights time  Late in the night he surprised the Arabians and captured the rock  He killed some of the soldiers there and took some prisoners  He left their wounded behind  He took a large quantity of their myrrh and frankincense with   talents of silver  He did not stay there more than   hours lest the neighbouring countries attack him  He returned immediately again  They had gone only   miles and could go no further because they were so tired  Therefore they rested and did not set a watch for they thought the people could not reach them for   or   days   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2572,"EventTxt":"When the Arabians knew what had happened by those who had seen the enemy army  they left the market and returned to the rock  The wounded told them which way the army had gone and the Arabs followed them  Athenaeus  men kept no watch and after their long journey were weary and fast asleep  Some of their prisoners stole away from them  They told the Arabs where the enemy camp was  They hurried to the place and arrived about   in the morning  They attacked their trenches and killed   of them as they lay sleeping in their tents  Any that resisted were killed  They utterly destroyed all their foot soldiers and only   of their cavalry escaped and most of them were wounded too  So the Nabathaeans recovered their goods and returned to the rock  They sent a letter to Antigonus written in Syriac  They complained of Athenaeus and his wrong doing and excused themselves  Antigonus wrote back again cunningly telling them that Athenaeus was well enough treated by them  He blamed Athanaeus for his actions and assured them that he had issued no such order to do that   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      When Antigonus had appeased and deceived these poor Nabathaeans  a little later he selected from all his army    foot soldiers  They were lightly armed and the swiftest on their feet that he could find  He added   cavalry to the troops and wanted them to take in their knapsacks  a supply of food for the journey that would not need to be cooked  He had Demetrius  his son  to command them  He sent them away early in the night with orders to avenge his loss  Demetrius travelled   day s journey through the desert and hurried to attack them by surprise  However  the scouts saw them coming and made fires to signal their coming into that country  Thereupon the Arabs presently climbed to the top of their rock  There was only one way to get up and that was by climbing by hand  They left their belongings there with a sufficient guard to keep it  The rest went and drove away their cattle  some to one place  some to another in the desert  When Demetrius came to the rock and saw all the cattle were driven away he started to besiege the rock  They manfully defended it and by the advantage of the place and that day had the upper hand  At last Demetrius was forced to withdraw  Since he saw that he could not defeat them  he made a peace with them  They gave him hostages and such gifts as were agreed upon between them  He moved with his army about   miles and camped near the Lake Asphaltis or Dead Sea   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Plutarch says that he went there with a huge booty and   camels","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2573,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius returned to Antigonus  he told his father what happened  Antigonus blamed him for making peace with the Nabathaeans and said that those barbarous people would become more insolent since they had escaped  However  he commended him for discovering the Lake Asphaltis since from there he might raise some yearly revenue for himself  He made Hieronymus Cardianus the historian  his treasurer for that revenue  Josephus        cont  Apion   notes that he was made governor of Syria by Antigonus  Josephus very deservedly blames Heironymus that in his writings  he makes no mention of the Jews since he lived near to them and almost among them  Hieronymus was commanded to build ships and to gather together in one place all the bitumen or liquid brimstone that could be extracted from that lake  The   Arabians attacked them as they were in their ships gathering this brimstone and killed almost all of them with arrows  Hence  Antigonus lost all hope of making any regular revenue that way   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2574,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  learned from letters by Nicanor the governor of Media and others  how Seleucus prospered in those parts  He sent his son Demetrius with   Macedonian foot soldiers      mercenaries and   cavalry  He was ordered to march to the very walls of Babylon  When he had recovered that province  he was to march down to the sea  Demetrius left Damascus in Syria and went to execute his father s commands  As soon as Patrocles  whom Seleucus had left as governor of Babylon  heard that Demetrius was coming into Mesopotamia  he dared not to check his coming because he had only a small force with him  He ordered the rest to leave the city and when they had crossed the Euphrates  they should flee  Some should go into the desert  while others over the Tigris River into the province of Susa and to the Persian Sea  He with the forces he had would trust in the sandbars of the rivers and dikes of the country for defences instead of so many fortresses and bulwarks  He stayed within the bounds of his own government and thought how to entrap his enemy  He kept Seleucus in Media informed how things went with him and desired help to be speedily sent to him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2575,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius came to Babylon and found the city itself devoid of inhabitants  he started to besiege the forts and citadels that were there  When he had taken one  he gave its spoil to the soldiers  He turned out Seleucus  men  put his garrison of   soldiers in their place  He was not able to take any others and after a long seige he departed and left Archelaus  one of his loyal friends to maintain the siege with   foot soldiers and   cavalry  When Demetrius had run out of time that his father had allowed for this expedition  he ordered his soldiers to steal for themselves whatever they could from that province  Then he journeyed back to Asia  By this action  he left Seleucus more grounded and better settled in his government than before  Men said why would Demetrius waste and spoil the country if he planned to take it over   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp    with Plut  in Demetrio   Thereupon the Chaldeans reckon the beginning of the Seleucian reign in Babylon from this time rather than an earlier time","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2576,"EventTxt":"Demetrius returned to Asia and quickly raised the siege which Ptolemy had laid to Halicarnasius   Plut  in Demetrio","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2577,"EventTxt":"Cassander  Ptolemy and Lysimachus  made peace with Antigonus  upon these conditions  Cassander would command all in Europe until Alexander the son of Roxane came of age  Lysimachus would hold Thrace and Ptolemy Egypt along with the bordering countries of Libya and Arabia  Antigonus would have the command of all Asia to himself  This agreement did not last long for everyone used any occasion to encroach on one another s territory   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2578,"EventTxt":"Cassander saw that Alexander the son of Roxane was growing up and heard a rumour among the Macedonians  They thought it was about time that the young king should now be freed from his prison and rule the kingdom  He was alarmed by this and ordered Glaucia the keeper  to murder Roxane and her son  the king  He was to bury their bodies in some secret place and should by all means possible conceal their deaths  This he did   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2579,"EventTxt":"Parysades the king of Bosphorus Cimerius died after ruling for   years  He left his kingdom to his oldest son Satyrus  He held the kingdom for only nine months   Diod  Sic  year     Olymp","YearBCAD":-311,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3693,"JulPer":4403,"Dating":"3693 AM, 4403 JP, 311 BC"}
{"Index":2580,"EventTxt":"In Peloponesus  Ptolemy  a captain of Antigonus  defected from him to Cassander s side  He sent soldiers to a most loyal friend of his  called Phoenix and one to whom he had committed the management of the government of Hellespont  He advised him to man his forts and cities and to stand guard and no longer serve Antigonus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2581,"EventTxt":"On the other side  Ptolemy of Egypt cried out against Antigonus  He  contrary to agreement  had put his garrisons into various Greek cities on the Asian side  Thereupon he sent Leonides  his captain  to Cilicia Aspara  He took over some cities and places that belonged to Antigonus  Moreover he sent his agent to some cities held by Cassander and Lysimachus  that they should follow his advise and not allow Antigonus to become too powerful   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2582,"EventTxt":"Antgonus sent his younger son Philippus  to fight against Phoenix  and others who had revolted from him in the Hellespont  His son Demetrius  was sent into Cilicia against Ptolemy of Egypt  He routed the captains of Ptolemy and recovered the cities which he had taken   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2583,"EventTxt":"Polysperchon in Peloponesus cried out against Cassander and concerning his government of Macedonia  He sent for Hercules  a son of Alexander the Great by Barsine  who was now   years old  He sent to those who were enemies of Cassander to help establish this young man in his father s kingdom   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2584,"EventTxt":"when Ptolemy of Egypt had all Cyprus under his command  he learned that Nicocles the king of Paphos  had negotiated secretly with Antigonus  Ptolemy sent two confidants of his  Argaus and Callicrates  with orders to get rid of Nicocles  They crossed over into Cyprus and took with them a certain number of soldiers from Menalaus  who commanded the army there  They surrounded the house of Nicocles and then told him what Ptolemy wanted him to do and advised him to find another kingdom  First  he tried to clear himself of the charges  When he saw that no man listened to him  he drew his sword and killed himself  When Axiothea his wife heard of her husband s death  she took her daughters who were all young virgins and killed them  She tried to make the wives of Nicocles  brothers  die with her  Ptolemy had not requested this but ordered that they be spared  The brothers also of Nicocles  shut themselves in their houses and set fire to them and they died  The whole family of the kings of Phaphos came to a tragic and lamentable end   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Polya  Stratag","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2585,"EventTxt":"Agathocles king of Sicily  was sailing about this time into Africa to make war upon the Carthaginians  A total eclipse of the sun happened and it was so dark that the stars appeared in the sky and the day was turned into night   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     Justin        c      This happened on August      BC according to the astronomical tables","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2586,"EventTxt":"When Epicurus was   years old  he taught publicly for   years in both Mitylene and Lampsacus   Diod  Sic  Lacterus  in the Life of Epicurus","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2587,"EventTxt":"In Bosphorus Cimmerius  Eumelus  the younger brother to Satyrus allied with some of the neighbouring natives and laid claim to the kingdom of his elder brother  When Satyrus knew of this  he went against him with a large army and crossed the Thapsus River  When Satyrus came near Eumelus  quarters  Satyrus surrounded Eumelus  camp with his carts and wagons in which he had brought a large quantity of provisions  He arranged his army in the field for battle  As was the custom of the Scythian kings  he led the main battle line in his army  He had less than   Greeks or   and as many Thracians  All the rest were Scythians who came to help him  They numbered     and at least   cavalry  Eumelus was helped by Ariopharnes  king of Thracia  with     cavalry and     foot soldiers  Satyrus routed Ariopharnes and then defeated his brother Eumelus with his foot soldiers  He forced them all to retreat to Arioparnes  palace  which was surrounded by a river with steep rocks and a thick woods   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2588,"EventTxt":"At first  Satyrus went and wasted the enemy s country and set fire to their villages  He gathered much spoil from them  Then he made his way through their marshy country and came to their wooden citadels and took them  He crossed the river and cut down a large forest that he had to pass through to get to the king s palace  He had his whole army work at this for   days until they came to the walls of the citadel  Meniscus  who led the mercenary companies  got through a passage in the wall  Although he fought very courageously  he was outnumbered and forced to retreat  When Satyrus came to his relief  he was wounded in the arm with a spear  He was forced to retire to his camp and the next night  died from the wound  Meniscus broke off the siege and withdrew the army to a city called Gargaza  From there he carried the king s body down the river to a city called Panticapaeum to his brother Prytanis  He gave it a magnificent burial and laid up the relics in the king s sepulchre  He went to Gargaza and took over the army and the kingdom   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2589,"EventTxt":"Agents from Eumelus came to Prytanis to purpose that the kingdom be divided between them  Prytanis would have none of it and left a strong garrison at Gargaza  He returned to Pantacapaeum to settle the affairs of his kingdom  After a while Eumelus with the help of some barbarians captured Gargaza and various other towns and citadels  Later he defeated Prytanis in a battle and trapped him in a neck of land near Lake Maeotis  He forced Prytanis to surrender on condition that he give up all his army and leave the kingdom  Nevertheless  when Prytanis returned to Pantacapaeum which was the place where the kings of Bosphorus keep their standing court  he endeavoured again to recovered his kingdom  He was foiled in this and he fled to a place near there called the Gardens and was killed  His brother Eumelus reigned in his place for   years and   months   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-310,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3694,"JulPer":4404,"Dating":"3694 AM, 4404 JP, 310 BC"}
{"Index":2590,"EventTxt":"To establish his kingdom  Eumelus killed all the friends  wives and children of both his brothers  Satyrus and Pritanis  Only Parysades  Satyrus  son  who was only a youth escaped  Using a swift horse  he fled to Agarus king of the Scythians  When Eumelus saw that the people repined at the loss of their friends who he had murdered  he called them all together  He excused himself and restored to them their ancient form of government and restored moreover to the citizens of Pantacupaeum their former immunities  He promised to free them from all kinds of tribute  He spared no fair words to reconcile the hearts of the people again to him  By this he got their good will again  He ruled with justice and moderation and was held in admiration among them   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-309,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3695,"JulPer":4405,"Dating":"3695 AM, 4405 JP, 309 BC"}
{"Index":2591,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy of Egypt heard that he had lost all again in Cilicia  he sailed over with his fleet to Phaselis and took that city by force  From there he passed into Lycia and took Xanthus by assault and the garrison of Antigonus that was there  Then he attacked Caunus which surrendered to him  Then he attacked the citadels and forts that were in it and took them by assault  He utterly destroyed Heracleum  Persicum was surrendered to him by the soldiers that were to hold it   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-309,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3695,"JulPer":4405,"Dating":"3695 AM, 4405 JP, 309 BC"}
{"Index":2592,"EventTxt":"Then he sailed to Cos and sent for Captain Ptolemy to come to him  He was Antigonus  brother s son and had an army committed to him by Antigonus  He defected from his uncle and he sided with Ptolemy in everything  He left there or from Chaleis  and arrived at Cos  At first Ptolemy received him in a very courteous manner  After a while  he saw the indolence of his behaviour and how he tried to secure his officers by gifts and secret meetings with them  He feared the worst and put him in prison  There he poisoned him with a drink of hemlock  Ptolemy secured his soldiers with generous promises and distributed them in small numbers among the rest of his army   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-309,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3695,"JulPer":4405,"Dating":"3695 AM, 4405 JP, 309 BC"}
{"Index":2593,"EventTxt":"Cassander feared lest the Macedonians would defect to Hercules  the son of Alexander the Great  He was then   years old   as Justin  or rather   according to Diodorus  Cassander befriended Polysperchon and by his means had Hercules and his mother Barsine to be privately murdered and their bodies to be hid deep enough in the ground lest by their solemn funerals the truth might happen to come to light  Now that Alexander s two sons were both dead and there was no heir of his body left to succeed him  every governor made himself a king of the province which he held just as if he had captured it in battle   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp         Justin        c","YearBCAD":-309,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3695,"JulPer":4405,"Dating":"3695 AM, 4405 JP, 309 BC"}
{"Index":2594,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy sailed from Myndus along the islands which lay by his way and came to Andros  He expelled the garrison that was there and restored it to her former liberty   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-308,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3696,"JulPer":4406,"Dating":"3696 AM, 4406 JP, 308 BC"}
{"Index":2595,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  the daughter of Philip and sister to Alexander the Great  was incensed against Antigonus  Of her own accord she planned to go to Ptolemy and left Sardis  The governor there  to whom Antigonus had given a charge not to hurt her  prevented her from leaving  Later  by Antigonus  command and the help of some of her women about her  Cleopatra was murdered  To alley suspicion  Antigonus had some of those women executed who murdered her and buried her with all the magnificence that he could   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-308,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3696,"JulPer":4406,"Dating":"3696 AM, 4406 JP, 308 BC"}
{"Index":2596,"EventTxt":"Ophelias  who had expelled Thimbron and subdued the Cyrenians for Ptolemy  now claimed Cyrene with the cities and adjoining regions as his own  Still not content  he began to look for greater things  While he was thinking about this  Ortho of Syraensa  came to him with a message from Agathocles asking him to join in arms with him against the Carthaginians  He told him that if he subdued them  he would make him sovereign of all Africa  This fuelled his ego and he listened to him  He sent his agent to Athens from where he had married his wife Euridice  the daughter of Miltiades  to ask their help and alliance in this war   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-308,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3696,"JulPer":4406,"Dating":"3696 AM, 4406 JP, 308 BC"}
{"Index":2597,"EventTxt":"Many Athenians and other Greeks willingly listened to this motion  They hoped by this to have a share of the richest pieces of all Africa with all the wealth of Carthage for themselves  Ophelias was outfitted for this expedition  He had an army of     foot soldiers    or   cavalry  and   chariots with more than   men drivers and soldiers to manage them  Besides the followers of the camp  he had more than     with him  They brought along their wives and children with their baggage  This looked more like a colony going to be established than an army marching against an enemy  When they had marched for   days and gone   miles  they came to a city called Automulus on the western border of Cyrene  They camped here and rested themselves  Then they moved again and travelled through a dry desert country that was full of poisonous snakes  At last after two months of miserable travel they came to Agathocles  camp where they pitched their camp close to his   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-307,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3697,"JulPer":4407,"Dating":"3697 AM, 4407 JP, 307 BC"}
{"Index":2598,"EventTxt":"When Agathocles heard of his coming  he went to meet him  He advised him to rest and relax after so tedious and hard a journey  When they had dined together often  Ophelias adopted Agathocles for his son  Later when most of Ophelias  army was foraging in the country  Agathocles suddenly called an assembly of his own army and before them accused Ophelias who was to help him in this war of betraying him  When he had incensed the multitude  he drew out his whole army in formation against Ophelias and his Cyrenians  Ophelias was shocked at this unexpected turn of affairs and had his men defend themselves  The enemy was too quick for him and he too weak for them  He was killed  After his death  Agathocles persuaded the rest that were left to lay down their arms and then told them what great things he would do for them  He persuaded them to take his pay and thus took over Ophelias  army  Those that he found not fit for the war  he sent to Syracuse  Some arrived there but most perished in a fierce storm on the way   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Justin        c","YearBCAD":-307,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3697,"JulPer":4407,"Dating":"3697 AM, 4407 JP, 307 BC"}
{"Index":2599,"EventTxt":"After Ophelias  death  Cyrene and all Libya returned in Ptolemy s government again   Suid  in Dhmhtr","YearBCAD":-307,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3697,"JulPer":4407,"Dating":"3697 AM, 4407 JP, 307 BC"}
{"Index":2600,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Poliarcator or as Pliny renders it  Expugnator Urbum  that is the City Taker was furnished with two strong armies  one by land and another by sea  They had all weapons and all other necessaries for the war  They left Ephesus with   talents of silver to liberate the Greek cities   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      They came to Pyrrum  the port of Athens  with   ships on the  th day of Thargelion  about May  th   Plutarch in the Life of Demetrius  They were received into Athens and took the city of Megar  Since Cassander had put a garrison into Munichium which was the fort or citadel of Athens  under the command of Dionysus  therefore he raised it to the ground","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2601,"EventTxt":"This happened in the year when Anaxicrates was archon at Athens  Among others  Philochorus who lived at this very time  records this in his Attic   History        cited by Dionysuis Halicarnassus  in his Dinarchus  It was toward the end of his archonship in year   of Olympiad","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2602,"EventTxt":"Enridice returned to Athens  She was the widow of Opheltas or Ophelias who was governor of Cyrene and was killed the previous year before  Demetrius the son of Antigonus married her  The Athenians took this as a great honour for them  They were the first that called Demetrius and Antigonus by the title of kings  Otherwise they declined that title as the only mark of royalty which belonged exclusively to Phillip  Alexander and his posterity   Plut  in Demetrius","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2603,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was recalled from Greece by his father Antigonus to make war upon the captains of Ptolemy in Cyprus  He sailed first to Caria and then to Cilicia  He got supplies from there of ships and men and sailed to Cyprus with     foot soldiers    cavalry and a fleet of   very fast ships of three tiers of oars a piece and   that were slower  The rest were cargo ships to transport the men  horses and equipment","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2604,"EventTxt":"He landed and first camped near the shore not for from Carspasia  He drew up his ships to land and fenced them there with a deep trench and ramparts  Then he went by force and took Urania and Carpasia  He left a sufficient guard to defend his trenches about the fleet and marched immediately to Salamis   Diod  Sic  year   Olymp","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2605,"EventTxt":"Menelaus  the brother of Ptolemy and chief commander of the island was then at Salamis  When he saw the enemy within   miles of the city  he drew out from the adjoining garrisons     foot soldiers and   cavalry  He went to attack him but was overcome by the enemy and fled  Demetrius followed him closely to the very gates of the city and captured   men and killed   there  He distributed the prisoners among his own companies to serve him  When he found they were always ready to defect again to Menelaus  because their wealth was in Ptolemy s hands in Egypt  he shipped them all away to Antigonus his father   Diod  Sic  year   Olymp","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2606,"EventTxt":"Antigonus at that time was building a city in upper Syria by the Orontes River  He called it after his own name  Antigonia and spent large amounts of money on it  The walls were about   miles long  The place was very opportune to control Babylon and the upper provinces and also the lower ones as far down as Egypt   Diod  Sic  year   Olymp","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2607,"EventTxt":"Menelaus fled back to Salamis and determined to endure a siege  He sent a messenger to Ptolemy for more help and told him what danger he was in  Demetrius started to work preparing his battering rams to take the city by force  He had one special machine which he called Helepolis  i e  one that would not fail him in taking any city  which it was sent against  He also had various other large rams and galleries for them  At night those within the city threw fire on them and consumed many of the machines with the most of the men that kept them  Yet Demetrius would not stop but pressed the siege both by sea and land and thought in time he would capture the city   Diod  Sic  year   Olymp","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2608,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy heard of the loss of his men  he sailed with a well furnished army for sea and land and arrived at Paphos in Cyprus  He took boats from the neighbouring cities and went to Citium about   miles from Salamis  His whole fleet consisted of    or as Plutarch has it    ships  The largest was of five tiers of oars and the smallest had four teirs of oars  These were accompanied by   cargo ships containing at least     soldiers  He sent word to Menelaus that when he saw them in the heat of the fight  he should then attack from the port of Salamis with   ships and assault the rear of the enemy and disorganize them in any way he could  Demetrius foresaw what would happen  He left a part of his army to maintain the siege by land  He ordered Antisthenes his admiral  with ten ships of   tiers of oars a piece to lie at the mouth of the harbour of Salamis and to keep the fleet in  so they could not get out  When he had arranged his land army on the shore on forelands looking toward the sea he sailed and with a fleet of   or as Plutarch has it  of   ships  Most were of   tiers of oars and the smallest  four tiers   Diod  Sic    Plutarch","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2609,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy was in the wing where he utterly routed the enemy and sank some of their ships and captured others with their men in them  When he returned  he thought to do the same with the rest of the enemy forces  However  he found that his left wing was wholly routed by Demetrius and he was in hot pursuit of them  Therefore he sailed back to Citium  Demetrius committed his warships to Neon and Burichus to pursue the enemy and rescue those who were swimming in the sea  He returned to his own port from where he had set out   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3698,"JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3698 AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2610,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Menelaus sent out his   ships as he was commanded under the command of Menaetius  He fought with those ten ships that were set to keep him in  broke through them and they fled for safety to the army that was on land  When Menetius  men saw they came too late to act according to their instructions  they returned again to Salamis   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2611,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy saw he could do no good in Cyprus and returned with only   ships to Egypt   Diod  Sic    Justin        c     and Plut   Thereupon Menelaus surrendered both the city and all his forces both of land and sea to Demetrius  He had   cavalry and     heavily armed foot soldiers   Plut   In a short time  Demetrius captured all the rest of the cities and forts of the island and distributed the garrison soldiers among his own companies to the number of     foot soldiers and   cavalry   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2612,"EventTxt":"He took   cargo ships containing almost   soldiers and   warships with their crews  About   ships were damaged in the battle and leaked  They drew these to land below their camp near the city  Demetrius had   of his own ships badly damaged in this fight  These were repaired and were as good as new again according to Diodorus  However  Plutarch says   of Ptolemy s ships were captured with their crew and soldiers  Of the rest who were in the cargo ships  these were mainly slaves  friends and women  They had weapons and money to pay the soldiers and had engines of war  Nothing escaped and Demetrius took it all and carried it to his camp  Among the rest  there was a lady named Lamia  who was first famous for her excellent skill in playing upon the recorder and later became a notorious harlot  Although she was well past her prime  Demetrius who was much younger then her  fell in love with her  She so far caught and enamoured him with the pretence of her talk and behaviour that he grew as much in love with her as other women were with him   Plut","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2613,"EventTxt":"Demetrius buried the bodies of the enemy that were slain with a very honourable burial  He dismissed those he had taken prisoners and gave the Athenians arms enough to furnish   men   Plut  in Demetr   He sent home Leontiscus  Ptolemy s son  Menelaus  brother and his other friends  with suitable provision for their journey by the way  He did not forget what Ptolemy had formerly done to him in the same kind of situation  He used these reciprocal displays of love and kindness in the very heat of war that it might evidently appear their dispute was for honour and not from hatred  It was the fashion in those days to wage war more religiously than now men use to observe the laws of friendship in time of peace   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2614,"EventTxt":"Demetrius sent by Aristodemus the Milesian  the news of this victory to his father  This Aristodemus was counted the prime flatterer in all the court  When he came to Antigonus  he stood still a while and held him in suspense as to what the news might be  Finally he burst out with these terms  vv God save the King Antigonus  we have overthrown king Ptolemy at sea  Cyprus is ours  We have taken prisoner     of his men","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2615,"EventTxt":"Antigonus replied to him  vv God save thee too  Nevertheless  because thou heldest me so long in suspense before thou toldest me thy good news  thou shalt in the same way be punished too  For thou shalt stay a while  before thou receive thy reward for thy good news   Plut","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2616,"EventTxt":"Antigonus was puffed up with pride of this victory and assumed to himself a crown and the title of king after this  Thereupon Ptolemy did the same lest he should in any ways seem to be defeated by this or be held in less regard by his subjects  In all his letters from that time on  he swore himself king  By their example  other governors of provinces did likewise  Seleucus  who had lately subdued the upper provinces to himself did this  Likewise did Lysimachus and Cassander when they saw there was neither mother nor brother nor son of Alexander the Great now left alive   Diod  Sic    Justin        c     Plut  in Denet  And Appianus  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-306,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4408,"Dating":"3699a AM, 4408 JP, 306 BC"}
{"Index":2617,"EventTxt":"Seleucus made himself king of Babylon and Media since he had personally killed Nicator or Nicanor whom Antigonus had placed as governor there   Appia  ib   He assumed the surname of Nicator or Nicanor  for so we find him also stamped on his coins  not from Nicator or Nicanor  whom he so slew  but from the many and great victories which he got   Appia  ibid  p     and Ammia  Marcellnus        Histor   After he subdued the Bactrians  he proceeded and took in all the rest of the countries which Alexander had formerly subdued  as far as the Indus River and added them to his own dominion   Justin        c     Appia  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2618,"EventTxt":"King Antigonus   for so hereafter we must call him  youngest son died and Antigonus buried him in a royal manner  He called home Demetrius from Cyprus and commanded his whole army to meet at his new city of Antigonia  He planned to march from there into Egypt  Therefore leading the foot soldiers himself  he went through Coelosyria  He had an army of     foot soldiers and about     cavalry  He made Demetrius  admiral of his fleet and ordered him to keep close to the shore within sight of the army  He had   fighting ships and   cargo ships  They carried an enormous supply of all types of weapons  The pilots told him that now was the time that the seven stars were ready to set and would set on the  th day from then   in the beginning of April   He replied that they were too timid to make good sailors   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2619,"EventTxt":"Antigonus came with his army to Gaza and planned to attack Ptolemy before he was ready for him  He commanded his soldiers to take with them   days supply of food  With the camels from Arabia  he loaded     bushels of wheat and an enormous supply of hay on the other beasts of burden  He carried his weapons in wagons and went through the desert  This caused some trouble for the army  They crossed various marshy and dusty places in the way  especially about the place called Barathra   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2620,"EventTxt":"Demetrius sailed with his ships from Gaza in the dead of the night and was for many days becalmed  The higher ships were forced to tow the cargo ships with ropes  After this and as soon as the seven stars were set  a northerly wind rose upon them  Many of the ships of   tiers of oars were driven on shore near to the city Raphia where there was no good harbour for them  Of those which carried the weapons  some sank and the rest retired to Gaza again  Some of the best of them bare up and came under the promontory of Cisius  That cape is not far from the Nile River and is not suitable for shipping especially if there are any storms  There is no way to get near it  Therefore every ship dropped two anchors a piece a quarter mile from land and were forced to ride out the storm in a heavy sea  In the midst of all this danger they were driven to extremity  For had that storm lasted only one day longer  they would have used all their fresh water and would have died of thirst  The storm ceased and Antigonus with his army came to the place and camped there  The weather beaten men came ashore and refreshed themselves in the camp  Nevertheless in this storm there were lost   ships of   tiers of oars from which some men escaped alive to land   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2621,"EventTxt":"From here Antigonus moved and placed his army a quarter mile from the Nile River  However  Ptolemy had manned all the bank of the river with strong garrisons  He sent some in river boats  They went as near the further bank as they safely could and proclaimed that if any of Antigonus  army would come to him  he would give a common soldier two pounds and a captain a whole talent for his trouble  No sooner was this proclamation made  but a large number of Antigonus  mercenaries wanted to leave  Some of his captains wanted also to go  When Antigonus knew that a large number of his men were deserting him  he positioned archers  slingers and other engines of war  to keep them from crossing over the water in boats  If any were found that went  he put them to death with horrible torments   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2622,"EventTxt":"Antigonus gathered together his ships which came to him although they were late  He went to a place called Pseudostomon and planned to land some of his men there  However  he found a strong garrison of the enemy there and was beaten off with bows and slings and other engines of war  Therefore as the night drew on  he went his way and ordered the captains of every ship to follow the lantern of the admiral  So they came to the mouth of the Nile River which is called Phagneticum  The next morning he found that many of his ships had lost their way and he did not know where they had gone  He was forced to anchor there and send the swiftest ships he had all over the sea to look for them and bring them to him  Meanwhile  as time wore on  Ptolemy had been alerted of the approach of the enemy  He immediately went to the relief of his men and arranged his army all along the shore in the enemies  sight  Demetrius could find no landing place here either  He was told that if he should land in the surrounding area  the country was naturally fortified with marshes and moorish grounds  He set sail and returned   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2623,"EventTxt":"As he was going  a violent wind came up from the North and drove   of his ships of four tiers of oars and some other warships on the shore  All these came into Ptolemy s hand  After much trouble  the rest got to Antigonus  camp  Ptolemy had placed strong garrisons at each of the mouths of the Nile River and had an enormous number of river boats everywhere  These were supplied with darts and slings and men who knew how to use them well  These troubled Antigonus very greatly  for the mouth of the river at Pelusium was strongly guarded by Ptolemy  Antigonus could make no use of his ships at all  His land forces were in trouble also  The Nile River starts swelling at the coming of the sun into Cancer  When the sun enters Leo  it overflows all its banks  It was now so high that they could do little  Worse  he was running out of food for men and fodder for cattle because they stayed there so long   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2624,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus saw that his army was demoralized  he called them all together  Before them all he asked the captains  whether it was better to stay and fight or to return to Syria for the time being  They would then return again next year better prepared and when the waters should be lower  When every man wanted to go  he ordered his soldiers to gather up their belongings  His navy followed them along the shore  and he returned to Syria   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      The pointlessness of this expedition was foreseen by Medius  one of Antigonus  friends in a dream  For it seemed to him that he saw Antigonus with all his army to contend in a race at Olympus  called Diaulus  i e  a double course  When they first set out  they seemed to run very well  After a while they grew weaker  When they came to the race post and were to turn about it and return to the barriers where they set out   for that was the manner of this double course  they were so out of breath that they could go no further   Plut  in Demet","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2625,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy was glad to see that the enemy was gone  He offered sacrifice to his gods for this great benefit they bestowed on him  He made a magnificent feast for his friends and wrote letters to Seleucus  Lysimachus and Cassander of his good success  He did not forget to tell them how large an army of Antigonus had defected over to him  Now when he had rescued Egypt  a second time and gotten it by his sword  he thought he might lawfully count it his own  He returned in triumph to Alexandria   Diod  Sic   Hence it is that CI  Ptolemy  in his Reg  Cano  starts the beginning of his reign over Egypt from this time  He calculates that the time from the death of Alexander the Great to this time was   full years  For the  th year from the death of Alexander the Great ends according to his account with the November  th   JP","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2626,"EventTxt":"While these things thus happened in Egypt  Dionysius the tyrant of Heraclea in Pontus died   Diod  Sic   He reigned   years according to Athenaus         c      Although Memnon says that he reigned only   years and Diodorus says   years  He was incredibly fat  Besides Memnon and Nymphis  Heracleotes  in his book of the City Heraclea  cited by Athenaeus in the place mentioned  notes this  So does Elia   Var  Histor        c      He had two sons by Amastris or Amestris  the daughter of Oxethras  brother to Darius  the last king of Persia  She was first given in marriage to Craterus  by Alexander  The oldest of the sons was called Clearchus  the younger Oxathras  according to Diodorus  Zathras  and Dionysius  Therefore by his last will he joined some others with her in the adminstartion lest the government of his kingdom and charge of his two children  who were still very young go entirely to his wife   Memnon in Excerpt  Photii  c     with Diodorus  year     Olymp       year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-305,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3699,"JulPer":4409,"Dating":"3699 AM, 4409 JP, 305 BC"}
{"Index":2627,"EventTxt":"Menedemus was from Patara in Lycia with the command of three ships  Each of them was between two and three tiers of oars a piece  He captured a ship of four tiers of oars that was coming from Cilicia  It had letters from Phila with rich and royal apparel with other costly furniture destined for Demetrius Poliorcetes  All of this was sent by Menedemus to Ptolemy in Egypt  This affront enraged Demetrius against the Rhodians  He then lay in siege before their city to take it  After doing this for a year  the Athenians mediated an agreement that the Rhodians would help Antigonus and Demetrius in their wars against any country except for Ptolemy  Hence the siege was lifted   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-304,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3700,"JulPer":4410,"Dating":"3700 AM, 4410 JP, 304 BC"}
{"Index":2628,"EventTxt":"As soon as this war was over  the Rhodians sent some of their priests to consult the oracle of Ammon  They wanted to know if they should worship Ptolemy as a god or not  When they were told they should  they consecrated to him a square grove in their city  They built on each side a gallery about   yards long and called it Ptolmeum or Ptolemy s gallery  They were the first to surname Ptolemy the Saviour because he had saved them from the violence of Antigonus and Demetrius and not with his soldiers  Also Ptolemy had saved Alexander in the city of the Oxydracans   See note on  b AM  as some have thought   Arrian        p     and Steph  in the word Oxydrac  Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-304,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3700,"JulPer":4410,"Dating":"3700 AM, 4410 JP, 304 BC"}
{"Index":2629,"EventTxt":"Eumelus  the king of Bosphorus Cimmerius  after reigning   years died in an accident  He was hurrying home from Scythia to a certain solemn sacrifice that was to be offered then  He was in a   wheeled coach drawn by   horses and covered with a canopy  As he came to his palace  the horses took a fright and ran away with him  When the driver could not hold them  Eumelus feared lest they would run down some precipice and leaped from the coach  His sword caught in the wheel and he was whirled away with it and killed  His son Spartacus succeeded him and reigned   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp       year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-304,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3700,"JulPer":4410,"Dating":"3700 AM, 4410 JP, 304 BC"}
{"Index":2630,"EventTxt":"Seleucus crossed the Indus River and made war on Sandrocottus or Androcottus  When Seleucus had restored his government in the east  Sandrocottus had murdered all the governors whom Alexander had appointed and took over all of India   Justin        c     Appia  in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-303,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3701,"JulPer":4411,"Dating":"3701 AM, 4411 JP, 303 BC"}
{"Index":2631,"EventTxt":"Now as Seleucus was going to make this war  a wild elephant of enormous size came to him on the way as if it had been tame  He went to it and the animal allowed him to get on and ride it  This beast proved to be a prime and singularly good elephant for the war   Justin        c      Thereupon  he traversed over all India with a     man army and sudbued it   Plut  in Alexan   He made himself king over them and freed them from a yoke of strangers only to bring them under his yoke   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-303,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3701,"JulPer":4411,"Dating":"3701 AM, 4411 JP, 303 BC"}
{"Index":2632,"EventTxt":"Megasthenes  in his Indica  writes  that he often came to him while he remained with Sibyrtius governor of the Arachosians   Arrian        cites him  He says that Seleucus had an army of     men   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-303,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3701,"JulPer":4411,"Dating":"3701 AM, 4411 JP, 303 BC"}
{"Index":2633,"EventTxt":"Cassander  king of Macedonia  sent his ambassadors to Antigonus and desired to make a peace with him  Antigonus refused unless Cassander would surrender to his mercy  After a conference with Lysimachus king of Thrace  Lysimachus and Cassander both agreed to send their ambassadors to Ptolemy  king of Egypt and to Seleucus  king of the upper provinces of Asia  They decried the pride and arrogance of Antigonus expressed in his answers and showed them how this war involved them too   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp        Therefore they knew that Antigonus planned to take them on one at a time because they were not united against him  They then appointed a place where they all were to meet  They resolved to contribute their various forces to prosecute this war  Cassander could not be there because the enemy was so close to him  Therefore he sent Lysimachus with all the forces which he was able to spare with abundant provisions for them   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-302,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3702,"JulPer":4412,"Dating":"3702 AM, 4412 JP, 302 BC"}
{"Index":2634,"EventTxt":"Seleucus made an alliance with Sandrocottus  king of India and gave him all those regions bordering the Indus River which Alexander had taken from the Arians  Seleucus had made them his colonies and had set governors over them and received from Sandrocottus a gift of   elephants   Strabo        p     Plut  in Alex    Appia  in Syria  p      When Seleucus had made peace in the east  he prepared for the war against Antigonus  with his allies according to their agreement in the west   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-302,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3702,"JulPer":4412,"Dating":"3702 AM, 4412 JP, 302 BC"}
{"Index":2635,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus crossed over into Asia with his own army and came before Lampsacus and Paros  Because they submitted readily to him  he restored to them their ancient liberty  When he had taken Sigaeum by force  he put a strong garrison in it  He then committed   foot soldiers and   cavalry to Prepelaus and sent him to take the cities of Ionia and Eolia  Lysimachus besieged Abydus with all types of battering rams and other weapons of war  Nevertheless  when Demetrius sent an army to defend that place  he lifted the siege  When he had captured the Hellespont and Phrygia  he went on and besieged the city Synada  Antigonus stored his treasure here       Lysimachus persuaded Docimus  a commander of Antigonus  to defect to his side  Docimus helped take Synada and other forts and places belonging to Antigonus  He captured Antigonus  treasure   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-302,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3702,"JulPer":4412,"Dating":"3702 AM, 4412 JP, 302 BC"}
{"Index":2636,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Prepelaus  who was sent to make war upon Ionia and Eolia  took Adramittium on the way and besieged Ephesus  He so terrified the inhabitants  that they submitted to him  He found Rhodian hostages there  whom he sent home again to their friends  He did not harm any of the Ephesians  He only burned all the ships which he found in their harbour because the enemy still controlled the sea  Antigonus  naval supremacy was not as certain as it was       After this  the Teians and Colophonians joined the common cause against Antigonus  The Erythrae and Clazomenae were helped by forces sent by the sea  and he was not able to overcome them  He wasted their territories and went to Sardis  There he was able to persuade two of Antigonus  captains  Phaenix and Docimus to defect  He took all the city except for the citadel  It was held by Philippus  a friend of Antigonus and would not defect to him   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-302,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3702,"JulPer":4412,"Dating":"3702 AM, 4412 JP, 302 BC"}
{"Index":2637,"EventTxt":"Antigonus was at that time completely occupied holding games and feasts at his new city of Antigonia  He had proclaimed expensive prizes for those who would enter the contests and offered huge wages to all skilled artisans that he could hire  When he heard how Lysimachus had come into Asia and what great numbers of his soldiers defected to him  he stopped the games  However  he distributed   talents among the wrestlers and the artisans who came  He went with his army as quickly as he could and made long marches to meet the enemy  As soon as he came to Tarsus in Cilicia  he advanced his army   months pay from the money which he took with him from the city Quindi  Besides this he brought   talents along with him from Antigonia so he would not run out of money  He crossed over the Taurus Mountains and hurried into Cappadocia  He subdued those who revolted from him in upper Phrygia and Lycaonia and made them help him in the wars as they did before   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2638,"EventTxt":"When Lysimachus heard of the enemies  approach  he consulted with his council concerning this imminent danger and what to do  Their advise was not to risk a battle until Seleucus came from the upper provinces but get into the strongest most fortified place  He should entrench himself in the strongest manner that possibly he could with ramparts and palisades and await the coming of the enemy  Lysimachus followed this advice  As soon as Antigonus came within sight of his camp  he drew out in battle formation and tried unsuccessfully to provoke Lysimachus to a fight  Antigonus captured all the passes that could be used to supply food for the camp  Thereupon Lysimachus feared least when his food ran out  he might be taken alive by Antigonus  Therefore he moved his camp by night and marched   miles to Dorylaeum and there camped  In those parts  there was an abundant supply of grain with other provisions and he had a river at his back  Therefore  they there raised a work and enclosed it with an exceeding deep trench with   rows of stakes on the top of it  He made the camp as sure as he could make it  When Antigonus found that the enemy was gone  he pursued as fast as he could and came near the place where he was entrenched  When he saw that Lysimachus did not want to fight  he started to make another trench around his camp to besiege him there  For that purpose  he had all kind of instruments for a siege  as darts  arrows and catapults brought there  Although many skirmishes were fought about the trenches because Lysimachus  men fought from their works to hinder the enemy  Antigonus  side prevailed   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2639,"EventTxt":"In time Antigonus  works were almost finished around him and Lysimachus  provisions began to fail  Therefore Lysimachus took the advantage of a stormy night and got away with his army  They travelled through mountainous countries and came to his winter quarters  The next morning when Antigonus saw that the enemy was gone  he marched after him through the plain country  Because there had been so much rain and the way was poor and full of sloughs  he lost many of his wagons and some of his men on that journey  The whole army was greatly distressed  Therefore  to spare his army and because the winter was approaching  he abandoned the pursuit for that time  He looked around for the best places to winter in and distributed his army to them   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2640,"EventTxt":"In like manner  Lysimachus sent his army to winter in the country of Salmonia  He had made generous provisions for them from Heraclea  He had made an alliance with that city by marrying Amestris  the widow of Dionysius  guardian of his two young children and governess of that city   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp     with Menmon  in Photius  c","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2641,"EventTxt":"At this time Demetrius made a truce with Cassander and was sent for by his father from Greece  He steered a straight course through the islands of the Aegean Sea and came to Ephesus  He landed his army there and camped before it and made it submit to him as before  He allowed the garrison which Prepelaus had put there  to depart safely  He put a strong garrison of his own into the citadel and marched away with the rest of his army as far as Hellespont  He subdued the Lampsacenians and Parians here  From there he went to the mouth of Pontus and camped near a place called the temple of the Chalcedonians  He fortified it and left   foot soldiers to keep it with   ships  He sent the rest of his army to winter in various places around there   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2642,"EventTxt":"About this time  Mithridates who was subject to Antigonus was suspected of favouring Cassander s party  He was slain at Cius in the country of Mysia  He had reigned for   years at Arthinas   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      Various authors mention him  This Mithridates was the son of Ariobarzanes  a man of the royal blood of Persia  He was descended from one of those   which destroyed the Magi there  as we may gather from  Polyubius        p       Floras        c       Sext  Aurelius  Victor  de Vir  Illustr  c      He was surnamed the Builder and left the succession of the kingdom of Pontus after him down to Eupator or that Mithradates who maintained so long a war against the Romans   Strabo        p      Tertullian also mentions this      de Anima   VV I learn from Strabo that Mithridates got the kingdom of Pontus by a dream","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2643,"EventTxt":"The story is this  Antigonus in a dream thought that he had a field full of a golden harvest  Mithradates came and cut it and carried it away into Pontus  Thereupon Antigonus planned to capture and kill him  When Mithridates was told this by Demetrius  he fled away with   cavalry only in his company and fortified a certain town in Cappadocia  Here many men joined his cause and so he obtained both Cappadocia and also many other countries of Pontus  He left them to the  th generation after him before the Romans took over his kingdom   Plut  in Demetr  and Appian  in his Mithridatica  p      Lucian   in his book of long lived men  p      from Hierconymus Cardianus and other writers report that he lived for   years and that his son  called also Mithridates  succeeded him in his kingdom  He added to his dominions  Cappadocia and Paphlagonia and held them for   years   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2644,"EventTxt":"Cassander sent Pleistarchus into Asia with an army of     foot soldiers and   cavalry to help Lysimachus  When he came to the mouth of Pontus  he found that strait held by the enemy  When he gave up trying to get through that way  he went to Odessus which lies between Appolonia and Galatia opposite Heraclea  Part of Lysimachus  men were here  He found no ships there so he divided his army into   parts  The  st part that set out landed safely at Heraclea  The  nd part was defeated by the enemy who held the strait of Pontus  The  rd part including Pleistarchus  almost all perished in a violent storm  Most of the ships with their men perished  The ship he was in  was a good ship of six tiers of oars  sank and only   of the   men in it escaped  Pleistarchus got on a plank of the ship when it split and was cast on shore half dead  He recovered a little and was carried to Heraclea  He recovered his strength and went to Lysimachus  winter quarters  He had lost most of his army on the way   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2645,"EventTxt":"About the same time Ptolemy came with an excellently well outfitted army from Egypt and subdued all the cities of Coelosyria  When he besieged Sidon  he heard a rumour that a battle had been fought in which Seleucus and Lysimachus were beaten  They had fled to Heraclea and Antigonus was moving quickly into Syria with his victorious army  Ptolemy believed the rumour and made a truce with the Sidonians for   months  He put garrisons into the other cities which he had taken in those parts and returned into Egypt   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2646,"EventTxt":"While these things had happened    of Lysimachus  chief soldiers defected to Antigonus  Antigonus entertained them very courteously and furnished them the pay as they said Lysimachus owed them  In addition  he gave them a large amount of money for a reward for their actions   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2647,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Seleucus with a large army came down from the upper provinces into Cappadocia and wintered his army in tents which he brought already made for them  His army consisted of     foot soldiers      cavalry including his archers on horseback    elephants and   iron chariots  These kings  forces assembled to fight it out next summer to see who would be the master","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2648,"EventTxt":"Pythagoras was the former soothsayer of Alexander the Great and for Perdiccas and now was employed by Antigonus  He started his divinations of the bowels of beasts that were offered in sacrifices  When he found the strings or filets in the liver missing  he told Antigonus that this indicated his death  Arrian  lib     pag","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2649,"EventTxt":"Alexander the Great also appeared to Demetrius in his sleep  He was gloriously armed and asked Demetrius what was the word which he and his father planned to give  Demetrius replied  vv Jove and victory","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2650,"EventTxt":"Then Alexander replied   Therefore will I go over to thine enemies for they will take me for theirs   Plut  in Demetrio","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2651,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus heard that there were so many kings assembled against him  he vauntingly said that he would scatter them all like so many birds out of a bush  However  when the enemies approached  he was observed to be more quiet than usual  He showed his son to his army and told them that this was the man that must be his successor  They marvelled all the more at this  especially Demetrius  Antigonus talked with him alone in his tent many times  Before this he would never share any secret at all with his son  When his army was all ready in battle array  Antigonus stumbled as he was leaving his pavilion to go to them  He fell flat on his face and was greatly troubled by this  He got up again and he begged the gods to send him either a victory that day or a death devoid of pain   Plut  in Demetrio","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2652,"EventTxt":"This battle between these many kings was fought in the beginning of the year at Ipsus  a town in Phrygia   Arrian        Plutarch in Pyrrho  Appian  in Syriacis  p     Diod  Sic    Porphy year    Olymp        In this battle Antigonus and Demetrius had between them more than     foot soldiers      cavalry    elephants and   chariots  Demetrius with the most of his cavalry charged Antiochus the son of Seleucus and his successor later in the kingdom  Demetrius most valiantly routed him but rashly pursued him too far  This was the reason for his father s defeat that day  In that pursuit Pyrrhus displayed valour and his worth conspicuously  He was only   years old and was expelled from his kingdom by the Epirotes  his subjects  He allied himself with Demetrius who had married his sister Derdamia who was intended for Alexander  the son of Alexander the Great  by Roxane   Plutarch in Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2653,"EventTxt":"When Seleucus saw that Antigonus  battalion was destitute of all help from their cavalry  he made as if he would have attacked them  Instead he wisely invited them to defect to him  Thereupon a large part of them did so and the rest fled  Seleucus turned on Antigonus  One of them cried out  saying  vv These come upon thee  O king","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2654,"EventTxt":"He answered  vv But Demetrius  will come and help us","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2655,"EventTxt":"While he stood waiting for Demetrius  return to rescue him  the enemy came on and showered their arrows as thick as hail on him  In that storm he fell and died  Thereupon all forsook him and shifted for themselves  Only Thorax of Larissa stayed by the body of him   Plut  in Demetr   His body was later taken up and buried in a royal manner   Diod  Sic         Plutarch tells us that when Antigonus was on his recent expedition into Egypt  he was then a little less than   years old  Appian states that he was over   years old on that expedition  He lived   years according to Porphyrie as cited by Scaliger in his Greek fragments of Eusebius      Ult   However Hieronysmus Cardianus the historian who lived with him  as Lacianus  in his book of long lived men  testifies of him  affirms that he only lived   years","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2656,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius saw that all was lost  he fled away as fast as he could with   foot soldiers and   cavalry to Ephesus  All men began to fear lest for lack of money  he would plunder the temple of Diana  When he thought he would not be able to restrain his soldiers from that  he left there as quickly as he could   Plut  in Demetr   He took his mother Stratonice and all his treasure with him and sailed to Salamis in the isle of Cyprus which was at that time under his command   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2657,"EventTxt":"After the kings that had gotten this great victory  they started dividing up this large kingdom of Antigonus and Demetrius among themselves  These new lands were added to their existing kingdoms   Plut  in Demetr  Appian  in Syriac  p     with Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2658,"EventTxt":"When they could not agree how to divide of the spoil  they split into two sides  Seleucus allied himself with Demetrius and Ptolemy joined with Lysimachus   Justin        c      Seleucus and Ptolemy were the strongest two of the group  Therefore the dispute between them was continued by their posterities under the names of the Seleucians  or kings of the north and the kings of Ptolemy  or the kings of the south  This was foretold in Da","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2659,"EventTxt":"Simon the son of Omias  succeeded him in the priesthood at Jerusalem  He was surnamed The Just  because of his great zeal and fervency in the worship of God and the great love which he had for his country men  the Jews   Josephus        c      In the book of APC Sir        we find this testimony given about him  vs Simon  was the high priest  the son of Onias  who in his lifetime repaired the house again and in his days fortified the temple  He had built from the foundation the double height  or curtain  the high fortress of the wall about the temple  In his days the cistern to receive water  being round like the sea  was covered with plates of brass  He took care of the temple that it should not fall and fortified the city against besieging  How was he honoured in the midst of the people at his coming from the sanctuary","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2660,"EventTxt":"See Salian  his Annals book      AM    Scaliger  in his Animadversions  on Euseb  num      This man is said to have been high priest for   years   Scalig  in Grac  Euseb  p      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-301,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3703,"JulPer":4413,"Dating":"3703 AM, 4413 JP, 301 BC"}
{"Index":2661,"EventTxt":"On April  rd  Seleucus offered sacrifice to Jove in the Mount Casius and consulted him concerning a place  where to build a city  An eagle came and caught away a piece of flesh from the altar  She is said to have let it fall in a place near the sea below Palaeopolis   this was a little city built in previous times by Syrus  the son of Agenor on a hill there  in a sea town of Pieria  Thereupon  Seleucus started to lay the foundation of a large city which he built there and called after his own name  Seleucia   Johan  Malela  in his Chron  not printed   However  others say that he followed not that act of the eagle but the flash of some lightening that appeared to him  Thereupon the lightening was always after this in that place celebrated with set hymns and praises as if it were a god itself   Appia  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-300,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3704,"JulPer":4414,"Dating":"3704 AM, 4414 JP, 300 BC"}
{"Index":2662,"EventTxt":"Seleucus came to Iopolis  a city built in the hill country of Silphium  There on the third day after his arrival  which was the  st Artemisium or our May  he offered sacrifice to Jove the Thunderer in a certain shrine  It was said to have been built there in ancient times by Perseus the son of Danae  Later when he arrived at Antigonia  he offered there sacrifice to Jove on the alters recently built there by Antigonus  Seleucus with Amphion the priest  prayed that Jove would show him by some sign whether he should live in Antigonia and rename the place or whether he should go and build a new city in another place  Then again it is said that an eagle came and caught away a piece of the flesh from the altar and let it fall near the hill of Siliphum  Hence it was that he laid the foundation of his wall opposite that hill on which Iopolis was built near the Orontes River where there was a town called Botzia  This was on the  nd day of the month Artemisium at sun rise  This city he named after his son  Antiochus  In it Estsooners built a temple to Jupiter Botzius  This and other things are related by Johannes Malela of Antioch concerning the origin of this city  Also  Eusebius in his Chron  affirms that this city was built by Seleucus in the  th year of his reign  This city of Syria was later made a tetrapolis  that is a fourfold city  It was divided into   regions  creating   cities  Everyone of them  had a proper wall built around it and one common one which enclosed them all  The first was built by this Seleucus Nicator  The second was the work of the inhabitants themselves  The third was finished by Seleucus Callinicus  The fourth  by Antiochus Epiphanes   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-300,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3704,"JulPer":4414,"Dating":"3704 AM, 4414 JP, 300 BC"}
{"Index":2663,"EventTxt":"Seleucus named this city after the name of his son Antiochus  This is confirmed by Malela and Cedremus  Julian the Apostate  in his Misopogon  However Strabo  Appianus and Trogus Pompeius tell us that he called it Antioch after the name of his father Antiochus  Justin from Trogus Pompeius        c      says  that here he consecrated the memorial of a twofold beginning  He says that he called the city after the name of his father Antiochus and consecrated its fields to Apollo  He did this because his mother  Laodice  wanted him to believe that he was born of her by Apollo  Therefore Daphne was consecrated to Apollo  It is a suburb of Antioch  a place famous for the grove of laurel trees that grew there  and no less than   miles around  Hence to this day it is called Daphne near Antioch  APC  Ma     So the city itself of Antioch  is called Antioch near to Daphne by other writers","YearBCAD":-300,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3704,"JulPer":4414,"Dating":"3704 AM, 4414 JP, 300 BC"}
{"Index":2664,"EventTxt":"Seleucus utterly demolished Antigonia and carried the materials down the Orontes River to Antioch  He relocated   Macedonians and Athenians whom Antigonus moved there to his new city   Jo  Malela   Although Diodorus says that Seleucus did destroy Antigonia but adds that he relocated its inhabitants to his new city of Seleucia         year     Olymp      However  Strabo also makes mention of the inhabitants of Antigonus  being relocated to Antioch         p      and adds that some of the families and offspring of Triptolemus and Argivians who were long ago sent with him to seek out Io were settled there by Seleucus  These were those Greeks from Peloponese of whom Stephanus Byzantius says were settled in Antioch by Daphne  Jo  Malela also states that  vv Seleucus personally sought out some of the Greeks from Ionia and relocated those Greeks who lived in Iopolis  to Antioch  He made them citizens there as men of a more sacred and generous kind than the rest   cf  Sacaliger s notes on the    number of the Eusib  Chron","YearBCAD":-300,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3704,"JulPer":4414,"Dating":"3704 AM, 4414 JP, 300 BC"}
{"Index":2665,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus  the king of Thrace married Arsinoe  the daughter of Ptolemy  This was not Ptolemy Philadelphus  as Memnon states  c      but of Ptolemy the First  the son of Lagus  surnamed The Deliverer  This we learn from Plutarch in Demetr  and Justin         c             c      and even from Memnon himself   in Excerpt c      of Ptolemy the First and Euridice  as we find in Pansan his Attic   p      His former wife Amestris  the widow of Dionysius  the tyrant or a usurper of Heraclea  grew so offended  that she left him and returned to Heraclea  She built a city there near the Euxian Sea which she called after her own name Amastris and sent for men from Selsamus  Cytorus  Cromnus  Teios and other places to live there   Memnon  Excerpt  c     with Strabo       p","YearBCAD":-300,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3704,"JulPer":4414,"Dating":"3704 AM, 4414 JP, 300 BC"}
{"Index":2666,"EventTxt":"Seleucus followed the example of Lysimachus and sent his ambassadors and through them desired to marry Stratonice  the daughter of Demetrius  who was surnamed Poliorcetes and Paila  Thereupon  Demetrius  took his daughter along with him and sailed for Syria with his whole fleet which attended him at Athens  On the way they landed in Cilicia which Plistarchus the brother of Cassander  held  This was allotted to him by a general consent of the kings  after the battle in which Antigonus  his father was slain  Plistarchus was offended that Demetrius landed in his territory and complained about Seleucus  For without the consent of the other kings  Ptolemy and Lysimachus  Seleucus had entered into a league with Demetrius  a common enemy to them all  Demetrius was quite upset by this and went from there to Quinda  He found what remained of the old treasure of Alexander s   talents  He took it all away with him  and weighed anchor and sailed away as fast as he could   Plut  in Demet","YearBCAD":-299,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3705,"JulPer":4415,"Dating":"3705 AM, 4415 JP, 299 BC"}
{"Index":2667,"EventTxt":"Seleucus came to meet Demetrius and his wife Phila at a place called Orossus and invited them to dine with him at his pavilion in his camp  After this  Demetrius invited him on board his ship of   tiers of oars high  They spent whole days in friendly conversation together without arms or guards around them  At length Seleucus married Stratonice and returned with her in great pomp to Antioch","YearBCAD":-299,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3705,"JulPer":4415,"Dating":"3705 AM, 4415 JP, 299 BC"}
{"Index":2668,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius had taken over Cilicia  he sent his wife Phila to her brother Cassander to excuse such matters as Plistarchus  might have charged him with  While she was away  his other wife  Deidamia came to him to Athens where after a short while she died   Plut  in Demet","YearBCAD":-299,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3705,"JulPer":4415,"Dating":"3705 AM, 4415 JP, 299 BC"}
{"Index":2669,"EventTxt":"Seleucus wanted Demetrius to sell him Cilicia for a certain sum of money  He refused  Seleucus in anger  demanded to have Sidon and Tyre from him  This seemed an injurious act of his that having made himself lord and possessing all from India to the Syrian Sea  yet he was of so poor a spirit as to trouble his father in law who was under a cloud of adverse fortune for two such poor cities  as Tyre and Sidon  Therefore Demetrius stoutly answered that if he were a thousand times defeated yet he would never buy a son in law at so dear a rate  Thereupon he started to fortify those two cities which were such thorns in Seleucus side   Plut  in Demet","YearBCAD":-299,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3705,"JulPer":4415,"Dating":"3705 AM, 4415 JP, 299 BC"}
{"Index":2670,"EventTxt":"Cassander died after ruling Macedonia for   years  He left   sons  Philip  Antipater and Alexander  who were born by Thessalonice  the sister of Alexander the Great  All these reigned after their father for only   months   Dexippus   Porphyrius  in Scaliger s Greek Eusebius  p","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2671,"EventTxt":"Philip the older of the three  died shortly after his father s death of consumption  His two younger brothers  Antipater and Alexander died fighting about the kingdom   Justin       c     Pausa  in his Boeot  p       Plut  in Pyrrho and Alexan","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2672,"EventTxt":"This Antipater  Dexippus and Euseb  in Chron  call by the name of Antigonus  Hermippus means the same person when he says  that Demetrius Phalereus  after the death of Cassander and for the fear he had of Antigonus  fled to Ptolemy  surnamed The Deliverer   Diog  Laertius  in Demet  Phal","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2673,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Pyrrhus remained with Ptolemy  in excile in Egypt  He married Antigone  the daughter of Bernice the queen  by Philip  her former husband   Plut  in Pyrrho  Pausan  in Attic  p","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2674,"EventTxt":"Pyrrhus with the help of Antigone his wife  obtained a fleet of ships and money from Ptolemy  He set sail for his old kingdom Epirus  He came to an agreement with Neoptolemus  who had usurped his kingdom  to hold it jointly with him   Plut  in Pyrrho  Pausan  in Attic  p","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2675,"EventTxt":"Eupolemus  the historian  traces his chronology from Adam and the coming of the children of Israel from Egypt down to the  th year of Demetrius  This was calculated from the death of his father Antigonus  and to the  th year of Ptolemy and from the death of Alexander the Great s seed   See end of note   AM  He did this in his book of the kings of Judah  as we find in the   st book of Strom  of Clemen  Alexan","YearBCAD":-297,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3707,"JulPer":4417,"Dating":"3707 AM, 4417 JP, 297 BC"}
{"Index":2676,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Poliorceres  that is city besieger  wasted the city of Samaria  which Perdiccas had formerly rebuilt   Euseb  Chron","YearBCAD":-296,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3708,"JulPer":4418,"Dating":"3708 AM, 4418 JP, 296 BC"}
{"Index":2677,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus  in the  st book of his history  tells us that Pyrrhus began his reign when Fabius Maximus and Q  Decius Mur were both for the  th time consuls of Rome  That is the time when Neoptolemus was killed  Pyrrhus took the sole possession of Epirus  He remembered how much he had been indebted to Berenice and Ptolemy through whose favour he had recovered his kingdom  He called his son  whom Antigone gave him  after Ptolemy  When he had built a new city on a neck of land in Epirus  he named it after his wife s mother  Berenice   Plut  in Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-295,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3709,"JulPer":4419,"Dating":"3709 AM, 4419 JP, 295 BC"}
{"Index":2678,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the period Calippus  the  th day of the month Possideon  in the  th year Nabonassar  the  th day of Paophus    hours after midnight  the  st day of our December  Timochares observed at Alexandria in Egypt the following  The moon rose to her farthest height north and touched the most northerly star in the head of Scorpio   Ptol  in his great Syntax        c","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2679,"EventTxt":"In the same year  on the  th day of Elaphebolion  the  th of Tybus    hours before midnight on the  th of our May  Timochares observed the conjunction of the moon with Spica in Virgo   Ptol  in his great Syntax        c","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2680,"EventTxt":"Thessalonice the queen and widow of Cassander  the daughter of Philip who was the father of Alexander the Great  born by the daughter of Nicasipolus  was murdered by Antipater  her own son  She pleaded for her life because she was his mother but to no avail  The reason was that when the kingdom was divided between him and his brother  she seemed to favour her youngest son  Alexander  Alexander sought to avenge the murder of his mother and asked the help from all his friends  Pyrrhus  king of Epirus and Demetrius Poliorcetes in Peloponesus   Justin        c     Plut  in Pyrrho    Demetr  Pausan  in Boeot  p","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2681,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus the king of Thrace feared Demetrius  arrival  He persuaded his son in law  Antipater to fight an old common enemy and set past differences aside   Justin        c      He knew well that Pyrrhus would do anything for Ptolemy s sake  Therefore he sent some forged letters to Pyrrhus from Ptolemy  These advised him  to receive a gratuity of   talents from Antipater and to stop his expedition into Macedon for the support of Alexander against his brother  Pyrrhus perceived this trick of his  When he opened the letter  he did not find the usual greeting from Ptolemy to him which was  Pater filio  that is  the father to his son  Instead of this  it was written  King Ptolemy to King Pyrrhus  sends greeting  When Demetrius suddenly attacked Macedon  he foiled all these schemes of Lysimachus   Plut  in Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2682,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy of Egypt  captured the whole isle of Cyprus from Demetrius  except for the city of Salamis  He besieged Demetrius  mother and children that were there  When he finally captured the city  he sent them home to Demetrius with an honourable escort and with rich presents for their journey   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2683,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius captured Alexander  he killed him and took over the kingdom of Macedon   Justin        c     Pausan  Boeot  p     Plut  in Pyrr    Demetr    in his Treatise of Shamefacedness   He held it for   years as Plutarch affirms","YearBCAD":-294,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3710,"JulPer":4420,"Dating":"3710 AM, 4420 JP, 294 BC"}
{"Index":2684,"EventTxt":"At that time  Lysimachus was fighting a war started against him by Dromichetes  the king of the Getes  So he would not be forced to fight against the king of Getes and Demetrius at the same time  he gave up that part of Macedon which belonged to his son in law Antipater and so made peace with him   Justin       c     with Strab        p","YearBCAD":-293,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3711,"JulPer":4421,"Dating":"3711 AM, 4421 JP, 293 BC"}
{"Index":2685,"EventTxt":"Dromichaetes captured Lysimachus but treated him very kindly   Strabo        p        Diodorus  in Excerpt  H  Vales  p         Lysimachus gave him his daughter in marriage and part of Thrace which lay beyond the Ister  for a dowry   Pansan  in Attica  p","YearBCAD":-293,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3711,"JulPer":4421,"Dating":"3711 AM, 4421 JP, 293 BC"}
{"Index":2686,"EventTxt":"Clearchus  the king of Heraclea in Pontus went to help Lysimachus in his war against the Getes and was taken prisoner together with Lysimachus  When Lysimachus had gotten liberty for himself  he wisely secured his liberty also   Atemnon  in Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-293,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3711,"JulPer":4421,"Dating":"3711 AM, 4421 JP, 293 BC"}
{"Index":2687,"EventTxt":"When Simon  surnamed the Just  the high priest at Jerusalem  died he left behind him only one son  Onias  Simon s brother  Eleazar  became high priest of the Jews   Joseph        c      and is said to have held that office for   years according to Scaliger s Greek Eusebian fragments   p","YearBCAD":-292,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3712,"JulPer":4422,"Dating":"3712 AM, 4422 JP, 292 BC"}
{"Index":2688,"EventTxt":"After Lysimachus returned from the war in Getes  Agathocles  his oldest son and who was taken prisoner in the first battle that he was in  as some report  was married  He took Lysandra for a wife who was the daughter of Ptolemy of Egypt  surnamed The Deliverer and his wife Eutidice   Pausan  in his Attic  p","YearBCAD":-292,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3712,"JulPer":4422,"Dating":"3712 AM, 4422 JP, 292 BC"}
{"Index":2689,"EventTxt":"After this  Lysimachus sailed into Asia with his navy and captured those who were in subjection to Antigonus and Demetrius   Pausan  in his Attic  p     with Plut  in Demet   While he besieged Ephesus they were helped by Mardro  an old pirate  He often brought to them rich prises which he had captured  Lysimachus bribed him and had him betray the city to him  He gave Mardro some valiant Macedonians  He had their hands bound behind them and brought them like prisoners into Ephesus  These men waited for the right time and got weapons in the citadel where they were kept  They took the city for Lysimachus   Jul  Fronti  Stratag        c      The city of Ephesus was located on low ground and a while later was completely flooded by the sea  Concerning this flood  we may read an epigram in Stephanus Byzantinus made by Duris  Lysimachus now moved it into another place and rebuilt it  He called it after his new wife Arsinot but after his death  the city quickly assumed its old name of Ephesus   Strabo        p       Stephanus in Ephesus   To populate his new city  he destroyed the two cities of Lebedus and Colophos and relocated their inhabitants to the new city  Concerning the destruction of those two famous cities  Phoenix in his Iambics  grievously deplores this action   Pansan  in Attica  p","YearBCAD":-292,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3712,"JulPer":4422,"Dating":"3712 AM, 4422 JP, 292 BC"}
{"Index":2690,"EventTxt":"Seleucus wanted to populate the cities he had built in Asia and the lower Syria and especially Antioch which was the metropolis of all the rest  He relocated the Jews from their own dwellings into them and gave them equal privileges  prerogatives and immunities that the Macedonians had both in towns and cities   Euseb  Chron  Joseph  Antiquit        c          Cont  Apio  p      Seleucus named   of the cities Antioch  after his father Antioch  He named   of them  Laodicea after his mother Laodice  He named   of them Seleucia after himself  He named   of them Apamea  after his wife  He named one after his former wife  Stratonice  He called the rest Greek and Macedonian names as he though best  e g  Berraea  Edesla  Peila  and so forth   Appian  in Syria","YearBCAD":-291,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3713,"JulPer":4423,"Dating":"3713 AM, 4423 JP, 291 BC"}
{"Index":2691,"EventTxt":"When Agathocles  the tyrant of Sicily was about to die  he shipped away to Egypt his wife Thoxena with his two children whom he had by her and who were very young  Along with them he sent all his treasure  family and costly furniture  He was one of the richest kings  His wife had originally come from Egypt  He feared that as soon as he was dead  they would suffer and his kingdom would be plundered  His wife begged to stay with him to the end for she said she married him for better or worse  At last she and her children left him but not without many a doleful cry  Even his young children could scarcely be pulled away from him  As soon as they were gone  he died   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-289,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3715,"JulPer":4425,"Dating":"3715 AM, 4425 JP, 289 BC"}
{"Index":2692,"EventTxt":"Clearchus and Oxathres  the two kings of Heraclea in Pontus  murdered their mother  When Amestris was on board a ship to leave them  she was thrown overboard in a most barbarous manner and drowned in the sea   Memnon Excerp  c","YearBCAD":-289,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3715,"JulPer":4425,"Dating":"3715 AM, 4425 JP, 289 BC"}
{"Index":2693,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus desired to revenge the death of Amistris whom he was married to for a long time  He came into Heraclea and showed all fatherly affection to Clearchus and those who were nearest him  First he killed him and then his brother Oxathres   Memnon Excerp  c      This was  years after the death of the father of Clearchus as recorded in Diodorus   Diod  Sic  year    Olymp      When he had conquered that city and its territory  he took all the treasure that belonged to those kings and whatever they had of value and left the city in full liberty by its own laws  He returned to his own kingdom   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-288,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3716,"JulPer":4426,"Dating":"3716 AM, 4426 JP, 288 BC"}
{"Index":2694,"EventTxt":"Strata of Lampsacus  the son of Arcesilaus  and surnamed Physicus  succeeded Theophrastus in his school  Strata was the teacher and tutor to Ptolemaeus Philadelphus  He gave Strata   talents for educating him   Diog  Laert  in Strabone","YearBCAD":-288,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3716,"JulPer":4426,"Dating":"3716 AM, 4426 JP, 288 BC"}
{"Index":2695,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Poliorcetes was trying to recover all his father  Antigonus  dominions  He was now ready to land in Asia with so large an army that no man after the days of Alexander the Great to that time had a larger army  He had more than     foot soldiers and little less than     cavalry  His fleet had   ships  Some were extremely large as   or   tiers of oars  Before his going on this expedition  he made a firm league with Pyrrhus  He feared lest Pyrrhus create trouble in his absence and interfere with his plans   Plut  in Demetr  and Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-288,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3716,"JulPer":4426,"Dating":"3716 AM, 4426 JP, 288 BC"}
{"Index":2696,"EventTxt":"Seleucus  Ptolemy and Lysimachus also feared what Demetrius  intentions were  They combined their forces into one body and made war on Demetrius in Europe  All three sent ambassadors to Pyrrhus in Epirus and requested that he invade Macedonia  He should disregard that league he had made with Demetrius since Demetrius had no intention of peace but planned to be free to wage war where he pleased  Pyrrhus readily agreed to this  He defeated Demetrius  army  routed him and took over the kingdom of Macedonia   Plut  in Demetr  and Pyrrho  Justin        c      This was the first time  as  Pausan  in Attic  p      notes that Pyrrhus was the owner of some elephants","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2697,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus came and pretended that he had a hand in the defeat Demetrius as well as Pyrrhus  He wanted half the kingdom of Macedonia  Pyrrhus doubted the loyalty of the Macedonians to him and agreed  Hence  Macedonia was divided with him by cities and regions   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2698,"EventTxt":"In these machinations  Lysimachus found that his son in law  Antipater  complained publicly that his father in law had cheated him of the kingdom of Macedonia  Therefore Lysimachus killed him  His daughter Euridice  Antipater s widow was grieved by the death of her husband  Therefore he committed her to prison  So the whole house of Cassander paid Alexander the Great the price  whether of his own death or whether of the destruction of his family  partly by murders  partly by torments  partly by patricide  This was committed in his own family to the utter destruction of it   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2699,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius was stripped of his kingdom  he fled to Cassandria  His wife Phila was consumed with grief and could not endure to see her husband become a private citizen in a foreign country  She gave up all hope in the future and poisoned herself   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2700,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius besieged Athens which had revolted from him to Pyrthus  Crates the Philosopher was sent in an embassy to him  He persuaded Demetrius to lift his siege  Thereupon he assembled all his ships and boarded them with his       foot soldiers in addition to his cavalry  He sailed away into Asia and captured all Caria and Lydia from Lysimachus  There Euridice  the sister of his wife Phila  met him not far from Miletus and brought with her Ptolemais  her daughter by Ptolemy of Egypt  His son in law Seleucus  had previously spoken to Ptolemy to give her to him  Therefore Demetrius now married her  by the good will of Euridice  By her Demetrius begat Demetrius  who later reigned in Cyrenia   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2701,"EventTxt":"In this expedition  Demetrius captured many towns and cities  Some he persuaded to defect to him  others he took by force  Some defected from Lysimachus to him  These gave him a good supply of men and war materials  When Agathocles the son of Lysimachus came towards him with an army  he marched up into Phrygia  He planned to invade Armenia and thereby to make a rebellion in Media  He hoped to see how loyal the upper provinces of Asia were to him  He hoped to find a good refuge there if required  He had often beaten Agathocles  who followed him  in small fights but never had a main battle with him   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2702,"EventTxt":"Nevertheless  many times he lacked food for himself and fodder for his horses  He found himself sorely distressed especially by an error he made in crossing the Lycus River  He lost many of his soldiers who were swept away by that violent river  After a famine  a pestilence killed   of his troops  He was forced to return with the rest to Tarsus in Cilicia  He planned to refrain from any oppression of the people of Seleucus  whom he would not offend in any way  This was not to be  When he considered the extreme necessity that his army was in and Agathocles kept all the passes of the Taurus Mountains  he wrote letters to Seleucus  He complained of his own bad fortune and humbly besought him to be compassionate to him since he was a poor kinsman of his and one that desired to be pitied even by an enemy   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-287,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3717,"JulPer":4427,"Dating":"3717 AM, 4427 JP, 287 BC"}
{"Index":2703,"EventTxt":"Seleucus had compassion on the distressing state of his father in law  He wrote to his commanders and officers in those parts to supply him with all necessaries in a kingly manner and not to allow his army to be short of anything  However  Procles  an intimate friend of Seleucus  planted suspicions in Seleucus  head against Demetrius  Seleucus led an army against him into Cilicia  Demetrius  wondered at this sudden change in Seleucus and withdrew into the craggy Taurus Mountains  From there he sent his agents to Seleucus to desire that by his permission he might attack some free state of the barbarians  He would spend the remainder of his life there without ranging over the world any longer  If Seleucus would not permit this  then he asked permission to winter quietly where he was and not to expose him in the extremity he now was in to the force and fury of his enraged enemy  Seleucus took these requests as unfriendly to him  Therefore he granted him only that after he surrendered his best friends to him for hostages  then he should spend two months of his winter quarters in Cataonia  This was a country bordering upon Cappadocia  Seleucus blocked all passes which led from there into Syria   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2704,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was now trapped like a wild beast in a den  He had Agathocles the son of Lysmachus on the one hand and Seleucus on the other to watch him  He then used force and wasted some of the provinces which belonged to Seleucus  In every encounter  he had the better of him  When Seleucus let his iron chariots attack him  Demetrius at various times routed them also and put his enemies to flight  He took the passes of the mountains  and drove out the garrisons which Seleucus had placed there to hold them  He was now growing confident of his own strength and resolved to settle the matter in a pitched battle with Seleucus  Suddenly he became very sick  This laid him low and dashed his hopes of better things in the world  In that sickness all his soldiers abandoned him  Some defected to his enemies and others disbanded and went where they pleased   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2705,"EventTxt":"While Demetrius was trapped by Seleucus in Syria  Lysimachus attacked Pyrrhus in Macedonia  In   years and   months time  he won it all from him   Dexip  and Porphy","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2706,"EventTxt":"At the end of   days  Demetrius recovered from his sickness  He took the remaining soldiers and moved his camp and let on that he would march into Cilicia  The next night  without sound of trumpet  he turned around another way  When he passed the hill Amanus  he ravaged and plundered all that country as far as Cyrrhestica  a region in Syria  When Seleucus came there with his army and camped not far from him  Demetrius with his men attacked him at night while he slept  However  Seleucus had notice of his coming by some that defected to him  He got out of his bed and commanded an alarm to be sounded  While he was putting on his shoes  he cried out to his friends that he had to deal with a fierce wild beast  When Demetrius knew his attack was no longer a surprise by the noise which he heard in the enemies camp  he retired and went his way   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2707,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day  Seleucus followed and overtook him  Demetrius gave one wing to be led by a captain of his and led the other himself  He routed the wing of the enemy on his side  Then Seleucus  leaped off his horse and took off his helmet  With a shield in his hand  he showed himself bare faced to the mercenaries of Demetrius  army and exhorted them to leave Demetrius and defect to him  He urged them to know that it was more in favour to them than to Demetrius that he had refrained for so long from attacking them  Thereupon they all cried out  God save Seleucus  and called him their king and abandoned Demetrius to serve Seleucus   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2708,"EventTxt":"Demetrius thought this would be the last reverse of his fortunes and the worst thing that could befall him  He retired to the passes of the Amanus Mountain and spent that night in a thick wood with those few friends who he had left  He planned to go from there to the city of Caunus and hoped to get shipping to flee to some other country  When he saw that he had not so much as one day s provision for those who were with him  it happened that an old friend of his  Sosigines  came and brought him   crowns  He hoped this money would pay for his needs on his journey to the sea side  Therefore he went by night to cross the top of the mountain  When he saw the enemy campfires everywhere and that the enemy was in his way  in great despair he was forced to return to the place where he set out from  When one of the company told him that he would do well to surrender to Seleucus  Demetrius drew his sword and would have killed himself there  However his friends persuaded him not to and he sent to Seleucus and surrendered himself and all that he had to him   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2709,"EventTxt":"When Seleucus heard the message  he ordered his servants to outfit a royal pavilion in a most regal manner to receive Demetrius  He sent Apollonides  who had formerly been an intimate friend of Demetrius  to comfort him and to tell him that there was no cause of fear since he was to come to an old friend and son in law of his  When Seleucus  servants heard this  first one by one and then later they all flocked in great multitudes to Demetrius  Their action provoked envy instead of compassion toward Demetrius  This made his foes to void Seleucus  good intentions to him  They told Seleucus that no sooner would Demetrius be seen in the camp but he would find strange alterations and innovations in it   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2710,"EventTxt":"Thereupon  Pausanias was sent with a company of about   men  cavalry and foot soldiers together  They put all others from him and instead of bringing him to Seleucus  they carried him away to a certain cape in Syria  In that place he was kept for the rest of his days with a strong guard on him  He was given sufficient allowance and lacked no money  no walks  no gardens  nor places of hunting  or other recreations that his heart could wish for  His friends that had followed him  were free to see and talk with him anytime  Not a day passed there  that someone came to see him from Seleucus with friendly messages from him and to encourage him to be of good comfort and hope for further liberty upon reasonable conditions  Soon Antiochus  who was Seleucus  son  and his wife Stratonice were come to court   Plut  in Demetr   However   Diod  Sic         tells us that he was all this time kept prisoner at Pella   Hen  Vales  in Excerpt  p","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2711,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius was in this state  he wrote to his son  other captains and his friends at Athens  Corinth and other places  He said that they should give no credence to any letters that might happen to come to them as being sent by him or sealed with his seal  They should act as if he were dead and respect his son Antigonus in the kingdom   Plut  in Demetr   It is from this time that Porphyrie starts Antigonus  reign over Greece  That is from the  th year before he added the kingdom of Macedonia to his other dominions  Porphyrie further tells us that Antigonus was surnamed Gonates from a place called Goni in Thessalia  where he grew up   Scalig  in Grac  Euseb  p      When Antigonus heard the news of his father s captivity  he took it very hard  He clothed himself in mourning clothes and wrote letters to various kings and to Seleucus  He did this in humble manner and offered himself and whatever he could call his as a pledge to Seleucus for his father  Similar letters and messages came to Seleucus from various cities and kings on Demetrius  behalf   Plut  in Demetr","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2712,"EventTxt":"Only Lysimachus in his letters advised Seleucus to take heed how he let the man go  He said Demetrius was ambitious and turbulent a spirit  so ambitious of sovereignty and so encroaching upon the rights of all the other kings  He offered Seleucus   talents if he would kill him  However  Seleucus  who never had any good opinion of Lysimachus  utterly detested him after reading his letter and thought he was a barbarous and execrable person  He spared no foul words to his ambassadors in that they tried to persuade him to break the promise which he had given and to murder one who was so closely related to him  Nevertheless Seleucus wrote letters immediately to his son Antiochus who was then in Media  He advised him what he should do with Demetrius now that he had him  Seleucus planned to free him and to restore him to his former glory as a king  Therefore he thought it fitting to communicate to Demetrius because he had married his daughter Stratonice and had children by her   Plut  in Demet    Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Published by Hen  Vales","YearBCAD":-286,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3718,"JulPer":4428,"Dating":"3718 AM, 4428 JP, 286 BC"}
{"Index":2713,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was confined to that Chersonese or cape  At first he exercised himself in hunting and other sports  But gradually grew idle and reckless and spent most of of his time eating and playing dice   Plut  in Demet","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2714,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy of Egypt  surnamed Soter  had children first by Euridice  the daughter of Antipater and then by Berenice whom Antipater sent as a companion only with his daughter into Egypt  He was near death and he appointed Ptolemy  surnamed Philadelphus  one of his sons  whom he had by Bernice to succeed him in the kingdom  according to Pausan  in Attic  Justin        c      tells us  that while he was still in very good health  he turned his kingdom over to his son and that he told the people his reasons for doing this  However  Lucianus in Macrobiis  and Porphyrie in the Greek Eusebian fragments   p      tell us that when he had reigned   years by himself  he then made his son viceroy in the kingdom and so held the kingdom jointly with him for   years  However  I calculate that it was in the  th year after the death of Alexander  that he took his son Philadelphus into the consortship of the kingdom with him  In memory of this  Dionysius the astronomer started a new era starting from the summer of this year    AM as Clan  Ptolemy shows in his Great Syntaxis from Dionysius  celestial observations  This Dionysius is the same man and none other whom Ptolemy Philadelphus sent into India   Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2715,"EventTxt":"Hermippus says that Demetrius Phalereus advised Ptolemy  to make viceroy one of his sons born by Euridice and not a son by Berenice  Heraclides   reported by Diog  Laertius in Demetr  Phaler  in his Epitome of the Successions of Sotion   states that when the Ptolemy wanted the kingdom to his son Philadelphus  Demetrius said to him  vv Sir  take heed what you do  if you give it away once  you will never have it a","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2716,"EventTxt":"In spite of this  the father publicly gave his son the kingdom and served him as one of his ordinary guard  He said that it was much better to be the father of a king than having a kingdom   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2717,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy was surnamed Ceraunus  that is lightning  This was either for his quickness and celerity in handling business or for his fierceness of nature  Memnon states that when the son of Euridice saw his younger brother made king before him  he fled to Seleucus for fear  Seleucus pitied his situation as of the son of a friend and entertained him with a generous and honourable allowance  He promised that whenever his father died  he would set him in his throne in Egypt   Memnon in Excerpt  c     and    Appian on Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2718,"EventTxt":"In the   Olympiad  as we find in Cyril of Alexandria         cont  Julia   the image of Serapis was brought from Sinope on the Euxine Sea to Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus as some think  This was under Ptolemy the first  his father  for in the beginning of this olympiad  they reigned jointly as was noted before  Ambassadors were sent from him concerning this very thing to Scydrothenus  who was at that time king of Sinope in Pontus  Cornelius Tacitus describes this in detail toward the end of the  th book of his history","YearBCAD":-285,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3719,"JulPer":4429,"Dating":"3719 AM, 4429 JP, 285 BC"}
{"Index":2719,"EventTxt":"In the same olympiad  as we find in Euseb  Chron  that Sostratus of Cnidus built the Pharos or lighthouse at Alexandria  Pliny         c      describes it thus  vv The lighthouse built by a king in the Isle of Pharos at the port of Alexandria  is very famous  This cost   talents to build  Ptolemy the king was very generous in that he allowed Sostratus  the architect of that great work  to name it  The use of the tower was to hold a light in it to help those who travelled by sea at night  By day it showed them the way into the port and how to avoid the shoals in front of it","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2720,"EventTxt":"Strabo        p      calls Sostratus  the friend of kings  He means of the two Ptolemys  father and son  who  as I showed before  at this time held that kingdom in consortship together  He gives the inscription which Sostratus made there himself  vv Sostratus  of Cnidia  the son of Dexiphanes  to the gods the deliverers  for the benefit of the seamen","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2721,"EventTxt":"Lucian at the end of his book of the correct writing of a history  has the same  except that he says that Sostrates inserted it somewhere cunningly and of himself  and not  as Pliny  by the permission and good liking of the two kings  For when he built the lighthouse  he engraved this inscription somewhere on the inside of it  Then he plastered it over and on that plaister wrote the name of the Ptolemy  whoever it was that then reigned  He thought that it would come to pass in some short time   as indeed it did  that the upper inscription together with the plaster would fall off and then his own name that was engraved under in good stone would appear","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2722,"EventTxt":"To ensure a safe means of getting supplies to Pharos which lay about a mile from the main land  a huge causeway was made to join the island to the continent so it was no longer a distinct island  A Chersonese or peninsula and a part of the continent joined to Rhacotis a suburb of the city of Alexandria  Julius Caesar  in       Comminta  De Bello civi   toward the end of the book said this  vv Pharos  is a lighthouse in that island of a fantastic height and sumptuously built  It is named after the island on which it stands  This island lies opposite Alexandria and makes an arm of the sea between a sure haven for the cities use  but a superioribus Regibus","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2723,"EventTxt":"For so it should be   Broadaeus  Scaliger and Salianus have noted  not a superioribus Regionibus as the common printed copies have it   That is  vv By their kings in former ages had a narrow causeway of   paces long been made through the sea which connects to the town by a bridge","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2724,"EventTxt":"For we may in no way give credit to that fable of Ammian Marcel         of Johann  Malela        c     of the author of the Fasti Siculi of George Cadrenius   Johann  Tzetza   who imagines that both the lighthouse itself and its causeway were the work of Cleopatra  the last queen of Egypt","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2725,"EventTxt":"Spartacus  the king of Bosphorus Cimmerius died after he had reigned   years  Diodorus states this happened in year   of the    th Olympiad  He was succeeded by his son Parysates   See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2726,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Poliorcetes who had been confined for   whole years in a cape of Syria became sick and died  This was caused partly by laziness and partly by over eating   Plut  in Demetr   This was   years after his father  Antigonus  died   Dexippus  Porphrie and Eusebius say   Seleucus was ill spoken of in the world because of his death  Indeed  he repented often and blamed himself for being so jealous and suspicious of him  Antigonus  Demetrius  son  when he heard that the body of his father was on its way to him  put to sea with all the ships that he could find and met them around the isles  There he received the ashes of his body and placed them in a golden urn  He covered it with a scarlet vail and put a diadem or golden crown on it  He gave him a royal funeral and carried it along with him to Corinth first  Then he went to Demetrias  a city called after his father s name and populated by him with men taken from the smaller towns and villages of Iolcos in Thessalie","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2727,"EventTxt":"Seleucus had now gotten all that which Demetrius possessed in Syria and Asia  He made both those kingdoms one entire empire   Euseb  Chron   At that time the Jews paid him   talents yearly for their tribute  However they had no foreign ruler over them but were governed by their high priests and according to the customs of their country   Sever  Sulpic  Sacr  Histor","YearBCAD":-284,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3720,"JulPer":4430,"Dating":"3720 AM, 4430 JP, 284 BC"}
{"Index":2728,"EventTxt":"In this year  Ptolemy  the son of Lagus  surnamed Soter  died  He had made his son viceroy with him in the kingdom for almost   months according to the calendar of Dionysian  This was about   years and   months after the death of Alexander the Great   Others say a full  years  but Clau  Ptol  in Reg  Can  says only   years   He had lived a full   years   Lucian  in Macrobils   The countries and kingdoms which he held in his possession  are all listed by Theocritus the poet  Idyll       They were Egypt  Phoenicia  Arabia  Syria  Libya  Ethiopia  Pamphilia  Cilicia  Lycia  Caria and the isles of the Cyclades  The truth is that he is said to have allied himself with Seleucus against Demetrius upon the express conditions that the dominion of all Asia should go to Seleucus but Phoenicia and Coelosyria would be his  However  Seleucians deny this and say that Ptolemy entered into an alliance against Antigonus not to gain any thing by it for himself but to help Seleucus in the claim which he laid to Coelosyria  After the death of Antigonus  Cassander and Lysimachus gave Coelosyria to Seleucus   Polyb        p      Now there is no doubt that Phoenicia and Syria  as Theocritus also states  belonged at certain times to Ptolemy  After the death of Antigonus who had wrested them from Ptolemy  he subdued Syria again for himself   Pausan  in Attic   Yet we have already showed  that Tyre and Sidon were in the possession of Demetrius Poliorcetes  After his death  if not before  both those two places and all the rest of Syria were controlled by Seleucus","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2729,"EventTxt":"Josephus         c     says that Ptolemy Philadelphus reigned for   years  It seems he counts from the time that he first reigned jointly with his father  for after his father s death  Clemens Alexandrinus says he reigned only   years   Claud  Ptolemy  in Reg  Can  say     and so do Porphrie  Eusebius and others  Whereas  according to my account he reigned after his father s death    years and almost   months but in all   years less a month  Although the length of his reign is uncertain it is known for sure that he put to death his younger brother Argaeus because he was guilty of plotting his death  He executed another brother of his born by Euridice because he was found to be instigating a revolt in the isle of Cyprus   Pausan  in Attic  p      By this he little deserved that generous name of Philadelphus  that is  a lover of his brethren  Theocritus in his  th Idyllion says  that he had in his dominions     cities and is said to have been of so great power that he exceeded his father Ptolemy the First  Jerome confirms this from Histories  upon Da     and so does Appianus Alexandrinus  from the records of the kings of Egypt  in his preface to his History of the Romans  To further support this we may add  what Athenaeus         Deipnosoph  c      relates of his fleets and the incredible size of his ships","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2730,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the first period of Calippus  in the  th day of the month Anthisterion   th year of Nabonassars  account  the  th day of the month Athyr    hours before midnight  at the end of the  th day of our January according to the Julian calendar  Timochares observed at Alexandria that the  th part of the moon covered the part of the Virgilia s  to a  rd part or nearly half   Ptolemy        c","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2731,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus was now king of Thrace and Macedonia  He was persuaded by his wife Arsinoe   by whom he had also children  to murder his oldest son Agathocles  He had intended him to be his successor in his kingdom and by him  Lysimachus had achieved so many glorious victories  Whether he was killed by poison or by the hand of Ptolemy Ceraunus  the brother to his wife Arsinoe  I do not know   Strabo        p     Justin       c     Pausan  in Attic  p     Memnons Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2732,"EventTxt":"Having killed his son  he did not hesitate to kill his nobles who lamented his son s death  Thereupon  they who escaped and the captains of his armies in all parts fled away to Seleucus   Justin       c      The murders of his nobles made all the people abhor him  Whole cities defected from him to Seleucus   Memnons Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2733,"EventTxt":"Lysandra  the daughter of Ptolemy Soter and sister to Arsinoe defected to Seleucus along with her brothers and her children born to her through Agathocles  Alexander  another son of Lysimachus  other wife  Odryssias  fled also to Seleucus  All these came to Babylon and petitioned to Seleucus to make war on Lysimachus   Pausan  in Attic  p     with Appian in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2734,"EventTxt":"At the same time also  Philetaerus a Paphlagonian and an eunuch who had had a good education in his youth was the keeper of all Lysimachus  treasure that was stored at Pergamus  He was grieved by the murder of Agathocles and by Arsinoe who daily accused him to Lysimachus  He seized the city of Pergamos  which stands on the river Caicus and then sent to Seleucus  He offered to Seleucus  himself and all the treasure which he had there under his charge that belonged to Lysimachus  He sided with the strongest and kept them in line with good promises and offices as occasions arose  He held the citadel there and principality of the place for   years   Pausan  in Attic  p        Strabo       p      Appianus  in Syriac  p      calls him  The Prince of Pergamos  but some old annals in Huber  Goltsis Thesauro  have him  Regem  that is King  For indeed this was the man that was the founder of that new principality in Pergamos  He was   years old according to Lucian in Mucrobiis","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3721,"JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3721 AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2735,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the first period of Calippus  on the  th day of the month of Pyanepsion   th year of Nabonassar  the  th day of the month Thoth      hours before midnight  on the  th day of our November  Timochares at Alexandria observed the conjunction of the moon with Spica Virginis  in its northern parts   Ptolem        c","YearBCAD":-283,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3722,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4431,"Dating":"3722a AM, 4431 JP, 283 BC"}
{"Index":2736,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  surnamed Soter  son of Seleucus Nicator fell in love with Stratonice  one of his father s wives whom his father had had a son  He was aware of the strength of his own desire and neither attempted anything on her nor disclosed anything of that which troubled him  He lay in bed and in that melancholy would have died   This was discovered by Leptines  a mathematician  or as others say  Erasistratus  a physician  Aristotle s grandchild by a daughter of his  and a disciple of Chrysippus according to Pliny         c      That is by Chrysippuis a Cnidian and a physician  Likewise  as Laertius in the life of Chrysippus states  Although some others say he was a scholar under Theophrastus  as the same Laertius  in the life of Theophrastus toward its end  His followers went by the name of Erasistrataeans  Later Galen wrote a book of Phlebotomie  or opening of a vein  that is still extant   Erasistratus who was sitting by Antiochus  noticed that when Stratonice came  his colour always rose and his pulse beat high  When she went away  he grew pale and waned again and was short of breath and panted  He discovered what his problem was and told the matter to Seleucus  Thereupon he was content to part with her to his son although she was most dearly beloved to him  Seleucus called his army together and before them all married her to his son  Seleucus had at that time   provinces under him  He gave the greater part of them  that is the upper provinces which were all east of the Euphrates River to his son  He reserved only such countries as lay on the west between the Euphrates and Mediterranean Sea   Appian  in Syriac  with Valer  Max        c     Plut  in Demet  Lucian  De Syria Dea  Galen  of foreknowing  and Julia in Misopogone","YearBCAD":-282,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3722,"JulPer":4432,"Dating":"3722 AM, 4432 JP, 282 BC"}
{"Index":2737,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus crossed over into Asia to made war on Seleucus  This was the last battle fought between the survivors of Alexander the Great    were already dead and these were the last two alive  This battle was fought in Phrygia bordering on the Hellespont  pzit pqbngnwohan   in Porphyrie  in Grec  Euseb  Scaliger  p      Lysimachus personally fought very bravely  After he had lost many of his men  he was wounded with a large spear by Malacon  one of Heraclea  Lysimachus had lived to see the death of   of his children and was one of the last surviving members of his family   Pausan  in Attic  p     Memnon  Excerpt  c     Appian  in Syriac  p        Justin        c        Oros        c  ult   Appian says he lived   years  Justin and Ordsius say    but Hieronymus Cardianus  the historian who lived at that time and was held in great esteem  says that he died at     Lucian  in Macroiis","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2738,"EventTxt":"When Lysimachus had fallen  his dog stayed by the body and drove away all the birds and animals from it  Finally  Thorax  from the country of Pharsalia  found the almost putrefied body after a long search and knew it by his dog that lay by it  Alexander  his son by Odrysias  got the body from Lysandra after much adieu and many requests  He carried it into the Chersonese of Thrace and buried it there  His bones were later moved to the temple in Lysimacia by the citizens of the place  The bones were placed in an urn and the name of the temple after that was called Lysimachium   Pausan  and Appia","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2739,"EventTxt":"When Lysimachus was dead  his kingdom became part of Seleucus  kingdom   Memnon   Seleucus was very pleased with himself after so great a victory because he now saw himself the last one alive of all that company which went by the name of Alexander s companions in arms  He said that to be a Conqueror of Conquerors was a gift from god not man   Justin","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2740,"EventTxt":"The men of Heraclea in Pontus heard that Lysimachus was dead and that he was slain by a country man of theirs  In the  th year after Clearchus the First subdued them  they wanted to recover their native liberty which Lysimachus had again taken from them after their local tyrants were dead  They behaved valiantly to recover it  After the death of the two brothers  Clearchus the second and Oxarhres  Lysimachus had restored their liberty for a while  Afterward  through the requests of his wife Arsinoe  he made a new war on them   Justin        c      When he had taken their city  he made Heraclitus Cimaeus  a man loyal to Arsinoe  governor over them  After Lysimachus  death  the men of Heraclea offered Herachitus  safe passage and a large sum of money to leave on the condition that they would again have their liberty  Thereupon he was very angry and ordered some of them to be executed  When the citizens knew this  they secretly agreed with the chief officers of the garrison under Herachitus to free them and to pay them all their back wages  The officers took Heraclitus and put him in prison where they kept him for a while  When they saw they were free from all danger  they demolished the citadel  which Lysimachus had built to control them  They sent an embassy to Seleucus to tell him what they had done and they made Phocritus  governor of their state   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2741,"EventTxt":"Zipoetus  a petty king of Bithynia was angry with the men of Heraclea first for Lysimachus and now for Seleucus  sake because they were both his enemys  He attacked them and did as much damage as he could  Although his men were not caught  they often received as much harm as they inflicted   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2742,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Seleucus sent Aphrodisius to the cities of Phrygia  and nearby places to take care of his tribute and affairs  After he had settled the business he was sent on  he returned to Seleucus  He praised many cities but accused the Heraclians of many things especially  that they were not loyal to Seleucus  Thereupon the king was enraged and scorned the embassy sent by the Heraclians to him  He spoke harshly to them  However  there was one of them  called Camaelcon  who was not intimidated  He spoke to Seleucus  vv Sir  Hercules  Carron","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2743,"EventTxt":"Carron in the Dorian Dialect or language  means  he that is the strongest  When Seleucus did not know what the word meant  he continued his tirade against them and ordered them to leave  Thereupon the messengers that were sent  knew that it was no good for them either to stay there or to return home again  When Heraclea heard the news  they fortified their city as best they could and sought foreign help  They sent their ambassadors for help to Mithridates king of Pontus and to the states of Byzantium and Chalcedon   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2744,"EventTxt":"Those who were banished and lived in exile from the state of Heraclea  met together and came to an agreement among themselves  The deal was this  There Nymphidin persuaded them to labour for a restitution to their country  He told them it would not be hard to do this  if they would desire restitution of what their ancestors had lost in a fair and not in a violent way  They were all easily persuaded by him  Thereupon all things happened according the their desires  It was hard to tell who was happier  the returning exiles or the citizens who received them  They who returned used the citizens who had expelled them very lovingly  The citizens allowed none of them to lack any necessaries of life  By this means they grew more united into one body again and returned into their original state of government   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-281,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3723,"JulPer":4433,"Dating":"3723 AM, 4433 JP, 281 BC"}
{"Index":2745,"EventTxt":"Seleucus planned to end his days in his old and native country of Macedonia  He crossed over the Hellespont and went to Lysimachia  By chance  he saw a certain altar standing in a conspicuous place and asked what the name of that altar was  He was told that it was called Argos  Now it is said that he had been forewarned by an oracle to beware of Argos  He further asked why it was called Argos  Whether it was from the Argonants  who passed that way in olden time  when they went with Jason to Colchos  Or was it named after the Argivi  who went to the siege of Troy or that the great Argos in which Jason went  was cast away there on their return or that it was the country of the Arridae  Agamemnon and Menelaus  As he was thus questioning about the name of that altar  Ptolemy Ceraunus  who was standing behind him  ran him through with his sword and killed him  Ptolemy was the son of Ptolemy the First  by his wife Euridice and brother to Arsinoe the widow of Lysimachus  He killed his great benefactor who kept him and always wanted him with him  So Seleucus within   months after the death of Lysimachus  lost both the kingdom of Macedonia  which he had taken from him and his life","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2746,"EventTxt":"Arrian tells us that Seleucus was the greatest man that lived after Alexander the Great and had the most noble spirit of all the rest  He had the largest dominions of all others      de Reb  Alexand   He died in the  rd year after the death of Alexander  the  nd year of the Greek or Seleucian Calendar  Appian said he lived   years but Justin says   years  His body was buried by Philetaerus the king of Pergamus  which he redeemed from Ceraunus with a great sum of money  After he had buried it in a most solemn manner  he sent his ashes to his son Antiochus  He burned it in Seleucia which stands on the sea coast  He built a shrine to his tomb which was called Nicatorium after his surname   Appian  in Syriac  p      Justin tells us that both he  his sons and grand children after him  were all born with the sign of an anchor on one of their thighs  This was a natural birthmark of that family         c      Ausonius in his book de Claris Urbius  that is  of famous cities  spoke of Antioch and said           Ilia Selucum   c  She for her founder did Seleucus praise  Who ware a native anchor in his t  A true impress of his nativity  And cognisance on all his progeny","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2747,"EventTxt":"However Polybius         p      notes  that Ptolemy the First  Lysimachus  Seleucus and Ptolemy Ceraunus  all died about the  th olympiad  Ptolemy the First  died in the first year of it and Lysimachus and Seleucus in the last year  However  Ceraunus did not die until the latter end of the first year of the next olympiad  Therefore Polybius mentioning the concurrence of their deaths in the  same book  p      seems of to have omitted him","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2748,"EventTxt":"After Ceraunus had murdered Seleucus  he escaped on a swift horse to Lysimachia  He proclaimed himself king and surrounded himself with bodyguards  He went to the army who of pure necessity  received him and cried  God save the king  Only a short time before they had sworn allegiance to Seleucus   Memnon  Excerp  c","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2749,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus  surnamed Gonatas  the son of Demetrius Poliorcetes  heard how Seleucus was murdered  he made an expedition into Macedonia  He planned to get there before Ceraunus could with his army and naval forces  However  Ceraunus had all Lysimachus  fleet in a readiness  and set out and met him in a good battle formation at sea  In his navy  ships were sent from Heraclea in Pontus  Some of    some of   tiers of oars and these kinds of ships were called Aphracta  The largest ship of all had   tiers of oars and was called the Leontifera  She was admired by all for her huge size and exquisite building  In her were   oars per tier  so that on each side there were   rowers which made   in all  On the upper deck or hatches there were   fighting men who were under two special commanders  When the battle began  Ceraunus won and Antigonus was forced to flee with all his navy  In this fight the ships from Heraclea performed the best and among them the Leontifera did the best of all  After Antigonus was routed  he fled into Boeotia and Ptolemy Ceraunus went into Macedonia  He stayed quietly for two years   Memnon  Excerp  c         That is for   months according Dexippus and Porphyrie who more precisely relate this matter","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2750,"EventTxt":"Ceraunus grew in favour in the eyes of the people because of his father Ptolemy the First of Egypt and for the revenge which he took on Lysimachus  death  He tried first to win over Lysimachus  sons and desired to marry Arsinoe their mother and his own sister  He told them that he would adopt them for his children  He hoped they would not attempt anything against him out of respect for their mother or to him as their new father  He sent letters soliciting friendship of his brother Ptolemy Philadelphus king of Egypt  He claimed that he had utterly forgotten his loss of his father s kingdom and that he would never seek to get that from his brother which he had already more honestly attained to by getting it from an enemy   Justin        c      He also made peace with Antiochus the son of Seleucus  whom he had murdered   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2751,"EventTxt":"Neither did he forget to solicit the friendship of Pyrrhus the king of Epirus  He thought Pyrrhus  support would sway many to his side  Pyrrhus made generous use of everyone else s estate and used it as if it was his own  In this spirit  he began to help the Tarentines in Italy against the Romans  He sent to borrow ships from Antigonus Gonatas to transport his army into Italy  He sent to Antiochus the son of the deceased Seleucus  to borrow money because he seemed to have much more wealth than men  He asked Ptolemy Ceraunus to furnish him with some companies of soldiers from Macedonia  Ceraunus lent Pyrrhus   foot soldiers    cavalry and   elephants for   years of service only  For this favour  Pyrrhus married his daughter and left him as protector of his kingdom of Epirus during his absence  He feared that while he was away with the best of his army in Italy  someone might take advantage and plunder his kingdom   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2752,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Pyrrhus made his   year old son Ptolemy  whom he had by Antigone the daughter of Berenice  governor of his kingdom yet as it was under the authority of the Ptolemy Ceraunus  the king of Macedonia  Pyrrhus sailed with his army and landed in the port of Tarentum  now called Otranto in Italy  He took his   younger sons  Alexander and Helenus  They were very young and he took them for comfort in this distant war   Justin       c      He did not wait for spring but sailed there in the middle of the winter  according to Zonara s report from Dionysius Halicarnassaeus  This was in the  th year of  th olympiad   Polybius        p","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2753,"EventTxt":"After the death of his father Seleucus  Antiochus Soter held the kingdom of Syria for   years   Porphyrie  Eusebius   Serv  Sulpitius  After many battles  he had barely recovered all his father s dominions  In the end  he sent an army under the command of Patrocles  to cross the Taurus Mountains  He chose for him as captain  Hermones  born at Aspendus  Patrocles was to attack Heraclea in the country of Pontus  When he received satisfaction from an embassy who they sent to him  he halted the expedition and made a firm league with them  He turned his course and passed through the country of Phrygia and came into Bithynia  The Bithynians ambushed him and he and all his army perished  In the battle Patrocles behaved most valiantly and personally did many exploits against the enemy   Memnon  Excerpt  c      When Zipaetes the king of Bithynia  had thus destroyed Antiochus  army  he built a city at the foot of the hill  Liparus and called it after his own name   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2754,"EventTxt":"At the end of the  th year of the  st period of Calippus  being the  th from the death of Alexander the Great  Aristarchus of Samos  observed the summer solstice  This was after Menton first observed the lunar cycle    or   complete lunar cycles earlier   CI  Ptolemy in his book De anni Magnitudine  states from Hipparchus       Syntax  c      See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2755,"EventTxt":"Arsinoe  the widow of Lysimachus  married her own brother  Ptolemy Ceraunus and received him into her city of Cassandrea  He seized the citadel and took and killed her two sons  who she had by Lysimachus  One was called Lysimachus who was   years old and the other  Philippus was only   years old  He killed them both in their mother s arms  She tore her clothes and pulled out her hair  She was hauled out the gates of the city with only two servants and banished to the Isle of Samothracia   Justin        c          Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-280,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3724,"JulPer":4434,"Dating":"3724 AM, 4434 JP, 280 BC"}
{"Index":2756,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the  nd year after Pyrrhus  arrival in Italy  the Gauls invaded Greece   Polyb        p      They divided their whole army into   parts and assigned each part a task  One part led by Cerethrius attacked the Thracians and Triballi  The second group attacked Pannonias and were led by Brennus and Acichorius  The third group led by Belgius  attacked Macedonia and Illyrium   Justin        c             c     calls him Belgius  Pausanias calls him Bolgius   Pausanias  in Phocieis  p","YearBCAD":-279,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3725,"JulPer":4435,"Dating":"3725 AM, 4435 JP, 279 BC"}
{"Index":2757,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Ceraunus was driven on by madness of his wicked mind  He with a small poorly organised company went to war with Belius  Ptolemy thought wars were as easily waged as murders are committed  When the king of the Dardans offered to help him against these newly come Gauls with     men  Ptolemy refused the offer  When the Gauls sent messengers to him offering him peace for money  he replied that he would not give them peace unless they surrendered their arms and the leaders of their army for hostages as signs of their loyalty to him  Not able to agree  they fought a battle and the Macedonians were defeated and fled  Ptolemy was grievously wounded and the elephant on which he rode was also wounded  It became unruly and threw him off its back  He was captured by the Gauls and torn in pieces  His head was cut off and put on the point of a spear  It was carried about to terrify the enemy  Few of the Macedonians escaped  The rest were either slain or taken prisoners   Justin        c              c     with Memnon s Excerpt  c     Diod  Sic        c     Pausamias in Phoc  p","YearBCAD":-279,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3725,"JulPer":4435,"Dating":"3725 AM, 4435 JP, 279 BC"}
{"Index":2758,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy s brother Meleager succeeded him in the kingdom of Macedonia  After   months  the Macedonians kicked him out as not being worthy of the position  They replaced him with Antipater  the son of Philip  who was brother to Cassander   Justin        c      He was nicknamed the Etesian because he held the office for only   days  This is about how long that the Etesian winds used to blow on that coast each year   Porphy  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-279,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3725,"JulPer":4435,"Dating":"3725 AM, 4435 JP, 279 BC"}
{"Index":2759,"EventTxt":"When Brennus   who  some say  was by birth a Prausian  as we read in Strabo        p      heard of this great victory by Belgius  he did not want to let slip from his hands this golden opportunity of getting all the riches of the east  He gathered together     foot soldiers and     cavalry of his Gauls and marched in quickly to Macedonia   Justin        c      When he came into the country of the Dardans  a people in Illyrum  he was forced to stay there because of a rebellion which rose in his army  About     of his men   this number Suidas also has in the word  Galatae  with Leonorius and Lutarius as their captains defected from him and went into Thracia  By fighting and selling peace to those that would buy it from them  they came finally to Byzantium  After they had wasted the country of Propontis for a while and made it a tributary to them  they took over all the cities in those parts   Liv","YearBCAD":-279,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3725,"JulPer":4435,"Dating":"3725 AM, 4435 JP, 279 BC"}
{"Index":2760,"EventTxt":"Sosthenes  a leader in Macedonia  assembled the youth and brave men of the country and attacked the Gauls that were there  He quelled them after many encounters and defended the country from their further plundering  For this great service he was chosen to be king when many of the nobles strove for the kingdom  He was selected even though he was a man of humble birth and parentage and of no royal blood  When they wanted to make him king  he refused and made them take their oath to him as their captain only   Justin        c      In that capacity  he governed that country for   years   Polyrie and Euseb","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726 AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2761,"EventTxt":"When Brennus came into Macedonia he started plundering the country  Sosthenes met him with his army but was hopelessly outnumbered  The Macedonians were quickly defeated and fled to their cities  While they stayed confined to their cities  Brennus with his army overran and plundered all the country   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726 AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2762,"EventTxt":"Leonoras and Lutarius used trickery to capture Lysimachia and took over the whole area  They came down from there into the Hellespont and saw how short a distance it was across to Asia and planned to go there  They sent their agents to Antipater the governor of Hellespont  to help them make the journey   Livy","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726 AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2763,"EventTxt":"When Zipaetes had reigned in Bithynia for a full   years and lived   years  he died leaving   sons  The oldest was Nicomedes and he succeeded his father in the kingdom  He proved to his brothers that he was not a brother but a butcher   Memnon  Excerpt  c      The youngest who was called Zipaetes and whom Livy         calls Zibnaeas  held the sea coast of Bithynia  This was called Thracia Thyniaca or Asiatica   Livy c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726 AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2764,"EventTxt":"After Zipaetes died  Antiochus Soter prepared to make war upon Bithynia  Nicomedes sent and asked help from the city of Heraclea and promised to help them if the need arose  Thereupon they sent him help  By this occasion they later recovered at great expense Cierus  Tius and the land of Thinis  When they went to recover the city and territory of Amestris   which had also been taken from them  they spared neither for war nor money to recover it  However  Eumenes who held it as governor only  chose for very spite to turn it over gratis to Ariobarzanes the son of Mithridates the king of Pontus  He did this rather than to surrender it to the state of Heraclea on any terms   Livy c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726 AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2765,"EventTxt":"Brennus and Acichorius with the Illyrians   as Appianus in Illyricis tells us  whom they call Autarians and Celts  whom they call Cimbrians  left Macedonia  They went into Greece with an army of     foot soldiers and     cavalry  Every cavalry man had two footmen attending him  If the cavalry man was killed  one of them could take his place  When they went to plunder the temple at Delphi  they were driven off with thunder and lightening  There were earthquakes and the ground sank from under them in the Mount Olympus  Because it was winter  there were bitter frosts and snow  They were miserably distressed in many ways  The Phocenses killed less than   of them  Panic and fear struck the whole army  A frost that night killed more than     men and as many more perished from hunger in the place  Brennus their leader  was wounded  Because of this shameful defeat  he drank himself drunk and fell on his own sword and died  When Acichorius saw how the leaders of this war were punished  he hastily left Greece with a company of     poor maimed soldiers  However  the continual storms of rain and snow  with bitter frosts and famine and which was worst of all perpetual walking  utterly consumed the bodies of this unlikely army  All nations through which they passed on their return journey  attacked them as they went  scattering them and making a prey of them   Pausan  in Phoc  and Attic  Justin        c       Eclog  Diod  Sic        S     Appian  Illyr  p     Polybius         p      notes that this disaster happened to them in year   of the  th olympiad and when Anaxicrates was archon of Athens   Pausan in Phoc  p","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726b AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2766,"EventTxt":"When those of Illyrium  called Autarians  who escaped this misfortune came home into their own country  they found themselves plagued with huge numbers of frogs  They killed so many that they polluted the very rivers with their rotting bodies  The foul air rising from their dead bodies  caused a pestilence to spread throughout all the country  They were forced to flee from their native land but carried the plague along with them  No country would receive them and so they were forced to go on a   day journey until they came into the country of the Basturnians  There they built cities to live in  The land of the Celts was plagued with earthquakes and whole cites were swallowed up  These plagues still followed them until at last they also were forced to leave their habitation and went wandering until they came to the country of the Illyrians  who were partners with them in their action at Delphi  They easily defeated them since the inhabitants were consumed with the plagues  However  they got the infection by touching their goods  They were forced again to leave and wandered until they came to Pyrene   Appian  Illyr  p     All these horrid  strange and miraculous plagues and punishments happened to these Gauls and others for their sacrilegious acts committed against their idols  We may truly say that to be most true which the wise man says of them who swore falsely by them  vv That it was not the power of the gods by whom they swore  nor of the gods whom these have robbed but the just vengeance on sinners  from the true God who always punishes the offences of the ungodly   Wild  c     v  ult","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2767,"EventTxt":"The Cordistae were a part of these Gauls who attempted the plundering of Delphi  It is said that Bathanasius their captain  settled them near the bank of the Ister River from whom it is that the way by which they returned was later called Bathanasius  way   Athenaus        c      These are the same Gauls  whom Strabo calls  the Scordisci  They settled on the bank of the Ister River and they expelled the Autarians or Autoriates from their lands         p","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2768,"EventTxt":"Those Gauls  whom as I said before  went from Thrace down to the strait of Hellespont  After a rebellion among them  Leonorias with the most of his men  returned to Byzantium from where he came  Lutarius took   ships from the Macedonians  who were sent by Antipater to him as ambassadors but were really spies  He used the ships to transport his men into Asia a few at a time   Livy","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2769,"EventTxt":"Zipaetes and Bithynians defeated the state of Heraclea  When help came to them from other parts  Zipaetes was forced to flee  The Heraclians gathered the bodies of their slain  burnt them and carried their bones into the city  They laid them up in their sepulchres with the bones of men who with others who had excellently served their country   Memnons Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2770,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Antiochus Soter and Antigonus Gonatas made elaborate preparations to go to war against each other  Nicomedes  king of Bithynia  sided with Antigonus but others with Antiochus  Therefore  Antiochus set aside the war with Antigonus for the present and marched first against Nicomedes  He was forced to get what help he could from other parts  He sent to his friends the Heracleans and got from them   ships of three tiers of oars a piece  With these he went to engage Antiochus at sea  They met and after looking at each other for a while  each side withdrew and nothing happened   Memnons Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2771,"EventTxt":"The men of Byzantium were worn out with the continual attacks and plundering of the Gauls  They sent their ambassadors to their friends and got from the Heracleans    crowns   some say      Not long after this  Nicomedes came to an agreement with these Gauls  The terms were these  vv Thus they should forever continue firm and fast friends to Nicomedes and his heirs  That without his knowledge and consent  they should lend no helping hand to any that by embassies should implore their aid in their wars  They should be friends to his friends and foes to his foes  ITEM  That they should help them of Byzantium  if occasion arose  ITEM  That they should maintain league and friendship with the Tianians  Heracleans  Chalcedonians  Cierians and some other states which had other nations under their jurisdiction   Memnons Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2772,"EventTxt":"Leonorius  with the help of Nicomedes  king of Bithynia  crossed from Byzantium into Asia   Livy       Strabo       p      This crossing of the Gauls into Asia happened in year   of olympiad     Pausan  in Phoc  p","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2773,"EventTxt":"However  the people of Byzantium were not rid of those plundering Gauls yet  For some of those who were at Delphi with Brennus and escaped that danger came into Hellespont under their captain  Comontorius  They planned to go no further since they liked the country around Byzantium  They settled there and after they had conquered the Thracians  they made Tyla the capital city of their kingdom  They made Byzantium to fear them as the other Gauls had done before   Polyb       p","YearBCAD":-278,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3726,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4436,"Dating":"3726c AM, 4436 JP, 278 BC"}
{"Index":2774,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Philadelphus was a great patron of learning and all liberal arts and sciences  He built a most famous library at Alexandria  in that quarter of the city which was called Brachium  He committed the care of getting books of all sorts and from all countries to Demetrius Phalereus  Upon his advise  he also sent to have the holy writings of the Jews to be translated from Hebrew into Greek by   translators in the  th year of his reign   Epiphanius in his book of weights and measures  Concerning this Tertullian   c     Apologet   writes  vv The most learned king of all the Ptolemys was surnamed Philadephus and was most interested in all kinds of literature  I think he studied to out do Philistrasus in the matter of libraries  These are but monuments  which either antiquity or curiosity could afford for perpetuating man s fame to posterity  He was guided in this by Demetrius Phalereus  a most excellent scholar and humanitarian in those days whom he had set over that work  He desired of the Jews to have their books also","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2775,"EventTxt":"This Ptolemy  if there ever was any king  was very zealous in the studies of human learning  This is confirmed by Phylarchus and vouched by Athenaeus         c     Deipnos   It is given in more detail by Vitruvins  in his preface to his book of Architecture  He shows that when he finished this great library at Alexandria  he instituted certain games in honour of Apollo and the Muses  He invited  all writers in the common arts and sciences   as others were wont to do  wrestlers and the like  to put in for the prizes  He gave generous prizes to the winners  Vitruvins also relates how Ptolemy entertained Zollus  surnamed Homeromastigem  that is  the scourge of Homer  when he came to him","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2776,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy acquired Arsitole s books  When Aristotle died  he left his library to Theophrastus  Theophrastus in his last will and testament  which we find in  Diog  Leortius   left it to Nileus Scopsins   Strabo        p     Plut in Syria   Ptolemy bought them from him besides others which he bought at Athens and Rhodes  He brought them all to Alexandria   Athenaus       c      Although Strabo and Plutarch  Strabo        p     Plut in Sylla   and Atheneus elsewhere in his writings         c      states that Theophrastus  books and with them all Aristotle s library came to the hands of Neleus and his heirs  A long time after in the days of Sylla  his descendants sold them for a great sum of money to Apellicon the Teian","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2777,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Phalerus was a great grammarian whom Tertullian commends and was an outstanding philosopher and one who had been previously a great Statesman and an excellent governor in Athens  He was succeeded by Zenodotus of Ephesus who was the first editor of Homer s books  according to Suidas  After him came Aristophanes  who with great diligence and industry read all the books of that great library in order as they were placed  Vitruvius in his previously mentioned preface to his book of Architecture affirms this  This was much later   Aristraeas in his Treatise of the   interpreters  Josephus        Antiq  c       Euseb        de Prapar  Evangel","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2778,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius Phalereus was asked by king Ptolemy  how many Myriads or ten thousands of books he had gotten  he answered  about   Myriads  but hoped ere long to make them   Myriads  He accumulated about     books  We find this from Aristaeas and in those copies which Josephus and Eusebius used  The smaller sum of     found in Epiphanius  who wrote long after them  is incorrect","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2779,"EventTxt":"Demtrius Phalereus advised the king  as I said before  to get those sacred writings of the Jews  Aristaeas  who was an attendant about him at that time  advised him to buy them by giving all the Jews who were then slaves in Egypt their freedom and send them home  It is said that the number of them came to      In our copy of Aristaeas  it is said that everyone of them cost the king    drachmas  or    as it is in Josephus    drachmas make   shekels or shaoeres in silver  This was the full price of a slave in Ex     This was the amount that our Saviour was sold by Judas the traitor  The   drachmas which we find in our Aristaeas  being multiplied by     amounts to       drachmas  When divided by   it makes an Attic talent  The total amount was     Attic talents  The price which Ptolemy paid to redeem the Jews from their masters came to more than   talents as is affirmed by Josephus and by Aristaeas  There were more than     slaves freed  In this redemption of the Jewish slaves from their masters  a similar price was paid for every nursing child of them together with the mothers who nursed them  Hence it is that Josephus says that Ptolemy paid about   talents instead of which our common editions of Aristaeas have    talents","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2780,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy selected from these Jews  the younger sort and ablest of them for his army  He employed the rest in his private affairs  This is confirmed in his letters to Eliezer the high priest  For in the one true letter of the king s  Epiphanius gives us two forged ones  They are both different both in style and meaning from that which we find in Aristaeas and Josephus  The last one begins thus  vv For a treasure that is hidden and a fountain sealed up  what profit is there","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2781,"EventTxt":"Whereas in the Greek one attributed to the king  who did not know a Hebrew proverb that was taken from APC Sir     vv wisdom if be hidden  and a treasure unseen  what profit is there of either of them","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2782,"EventTxt":"With his letter  he also sent expensive gifts for the use of the temple at Jerusalem  Andraeas and Aristaeas  his two servants  delivered these to Eliezer the high priest  The gifts were a golden table of   cubits long       cubits according to Josephus  and not less than half a cubit thick  It was solid gold and not gold plate  He sent   goblets of solid gold and   of solid silver  To make these he used more than   talents of gold    talents of silver and   precious stones  The value of these stones was about   talents of gold  Besides all this  he sent   talents for sacrifices and other uses of the temple","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2783,"EventTxt":"Eliezer the Priest received these presents   After the captivity there remained some of the  tribes of the twelve  See note on  c AM   From everyone of the twelve tribes  he chose six men who were most eminent above all others  These were mature in age  of noble birth and well educated  These men were to translate God s Law  from Hebrew into Greek  The names of the   elders are recorded by Aristaeas  The last one was called Ezekiel  I think he is the same man whom Eusebius  in the  th book  de Prapart  Evangel   states to have written a tragedy about the deliverance of the children of Israel from Egypt  The name of Ezekiel shows that he was Jewish and not a Greek as Clemens Alexandrinus and Eusebius thought he was","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2784,"EventTxt":"Eliezer also wrote back a letter to the king  Aristaeas gives us the salutation  God save you  Eusebius  more correctly has  If you and the Queen Arsinoe your sister are well  then all is well and as we desire it should be  Philadelphus was married to Arsinoe  the daughter of Lysimachus king of Thrace and Macedonia  by whom he had Ptolemy Euergetes and Berenice  After she died he married a second Arsinoe  his own sister  After the death of Lysimachus  her first husband  she was married to Ptolemeus Ceraunus her own brother  But she died before she bare any child to Philadelphus  He loved her so much that he called a province in Egypt  Arsinoitis  after her name   Pausan  in Attic  p      He made her a statue of topaz    feet high and consecrated it in a temple which was called the golden temple   Pliny       c      By his orders  Dinoerates the architect  made an arched roof over her all of lodestone  This was so that an image of her made of iron would cling to it and seem to hang there in mid air   Pliny        c      Concerning Dinoerates  Ausonius  in his   Idyllion   says  vv Who for a monument of incestuous love  By Ptolemy command did make to hang  Arsinoe in the air of an Egyptian temple","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2785,"EventTxt":"These   translators came to Alexandria and gave to the king the things Eliezer had sent to him  These included various parchments on which the law was intricately written with golden letters in the language of the Jews  The parchments so joined together that the seams could not be discerned by the eye of man  It happened that they came there at the time when news came to Ptolemy of a great victory gotten by him at sea against Antigonus  Concerning this naval battle  the writers who wrote say it happened about this time  I can not agree with those who refer it to that time  when Antigonus Gonatas made war on the Athenians and besieged their cities by sea and land  What we find in Justin         and by Pausan  in Laconic   happened not until after the death of Pyrrhus and before the death of Aretas or Areus  the first king of Lacedemon  This was between the years   and   JP  For although that Areus with his army and Patrocles with Ptolemy s fleet came at that time to the help of the Athenians  Areus returned home without any battle fought  Pausanias shows  that Patrocles did nothing either for their relief   In Attic  p     and in Laonic","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2786,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy entertained and feasted the   translators for   days   Josephus has   days   in a most sumptuous and magnificent manner  After that  he appointed Dorotheus to take care of them and to supply them with all the needs and not let them lack anything  The king himself would now and then question them concerning affairs of state and of morality  They extemporaneously answered him with very prudent and well thought out answers  according to Arstaeas  who took all that he wrote from the king s diaries  The king gave them each   talents and the boy servant","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2787,"EventTxt":"Three days later  Demetrius walked along the causeway  called the Heptastadium  that is a   of a mile long with the translators  He led them over the bridge into the Isle of Pharos and there settled them in a good house on the north shore of the island and far from any noise or tumult  They started to work on the translation as exactly as possible from the original manuscripts  Demetrius had each day s work copied exactly  Every day they worked until three o clock in the afternoon and then went and relaxed  They had all things abundantly provided for them  Their meals were the same lavish kind that was provided for the king s own table  Dorotheus had them fed by the king s orders  Moreover  every morning very early they came to court and they bid the king good morning and returned to their place  They washed their hands  as their custom was and said their prayers  Then they applied themselves to read and to interpret from point to point  Epiphanius  differs in the account from Aristeas and Josephus  He says that they were put into   rooms    to a room  They worked there from the break of day until the that evening  Then they were put into   boats  two to a boat  and brought back to the king s palace to eat supper  In the previous part of this narration  he follows I know not whom  In the latter  it seems  is a product of their fables  They imagined that the causeway was not made or at least not finished until Cleopatra s time","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2788,"EventTxt":"It happened that the work of the   translators was finished in   days  as if it had been so planned on purpose  When it was completed  Demetrius called all the Jews together in the place where it was done and read it all in the presence of the translators  When they had completed such a good work  they were highly commended and magnified by all the Jews who were there  Demetrius was also highly praised by the Jews  They asked him to deliver a copy of the translated law to their rulers  When it had been all read to them  then the priests and elders of the translators and the officers of the Jews stood up and said  vv Forasmuch as this translation was carefully and accurately done  it is befitting that it should remain as it is and that no changes be made to it","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2789,"EventTxt":"When all had approved of this with a great acclamation  then Demetrius declared a great curse  as the manner was  on any man that should alter it either by adding anything to it or by taking anything from it","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2790,"EventTxt":"When the king had read it completely  he greatly admired the wisdom of God  He commanded that all possible care be taken of those books and that they should be carefully stored and kept  He also desired that the translators after they returned home would often come and visit him  He gave each of them   good changes of clothes    talents of gold  a cup of one whole talent and the complete furniture for a room","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2791,"EventTxt":"In addition he gave them for Eleazar the high priest  ten beds with silver feet and expensive furniture belonging to it  He also sent a cup of   talents  ten scarlet raiments  an expensive crown    pieces of linen as fine as silk  viols  mazers and two golden goblets to sacrifice with  In his letters  he desired Eleazar that if any of these men had at any time a desire to come and visit him  he would let them come  Ptolemy really wanted to talk with such kind of men and would rather spend his money on them than in any other way","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2792,"EventTxt":"The Gauls  who were left by Brennus when he went into Greece to keep Macedonia  did not want to be idle while their companions were working  They outfitted     foot soldiers and   cavalry and attacked the Getes and the Triballi and routed them   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-277,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3727,"JulPer":4437,"Dating":"3727 AM, 4437 JP, 277 BC"}
{"Index":2793,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus Gonatus had lost a battle at sea as was said before to Ptolemy Philadephas  he made a peace with Antiochus Soter   Justin        c l   He went into Macedonia where his father Demetrius Poliorceres had reigned at times  Antigonus went there in the  th year after he first became king of Greece and reigned for   years   Parphyrie  in Grec  Eusebia  p      His heirs reigned there until Perseus who was defeated by the Romans  thus ending the kingdom of Macedonia   Plut  in Demetrius","YearBCAD":-276,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3728,"JulPer":4438,"Dating":"3728 AM, 4438 JP, 276 BC"}
{"Index":2794,"EventTxt":"When the Gauls had defeated the Getes and the Triballi  they sent their ambassadors to Antigonus the king of Macedonia to offer him peace for his money  At the same time they want to spy on his army and see his camp  Antigonus entertained and feasted them in a sumptuous manner  However  the Gauls saw and enormous amount of silver and gold brought out for the feast  They were greedy and wanted it  Therefore they returned more his enemies than when they came  Thereupon they all resolved to attack him  Antigonus suspected this and ordered that every man should take with him what he could and hide in a nearby wood  When the Gauls came  they took what they found there and went to the seaside  While they were busy preparing the ships  the sailors and a part of Antigonus  army who had fled there with their wives and children to save themselves  attacked them suddenly  They killed them and made such a havock of them that Antigonus had quite a reputation after this among the Gauls and all the surrounding nations   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-276,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3728,"JulPer":4438,"Dating":"3728 AM, 4438 JP, 276 BC"}
{"Index":2795,"EventTxt":"These Gauls were under   commanders of whom Leonorius and Lutarius were the main leaders  They passed over several times into Asia  They all came again into one body and offered their assistance to Nicomedes against Aibaeas or Zibetus the younger who held the coast of Bithynia lying by the sea  These forces and others who came from Heraclea in Pontus crushed poor Zibetus to pieces  Hence all Bithynia came into the hands of Nicomedes  When the Gauls had wasted all that country  they shared its spoil among themselves  They divided the kingdom between them and Nicomedes and called their portion  Gallogracia   Livy       Justin        c     Memnon Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-276,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3728,"JulPer":4438,"Dating":"3728 AM, 4438 JP, 276 BC"}
{"Index":2796,"EventTxt":"Of the     men the Gauls had  only     were armed  Even these few troops struck terror into all the countries on this side the Taurus Mountains  Not only the places they went into but the ones they did not go to  submitted to them whether they were far away or close to them  They consisted of three nations of their own  the Tohstobogians or the Tolistoboians   coming  as was thought from the Gauls who were called the Boii  the Troemi and the Tectosagi  They divided all Asia between them and they settled there  Troemies settled in the Hellespont and all that region  Eolia and Ionia was allotted to the Tosistobogii  The Tectosagi occupied the inland or middle part of Asia  They made headquarters on the bank of the Halys River   Liv        and Suidas in the word  Galata","YearBCAD":-276,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3728,"JulPer":4438,"Dating":"3728 AM, 4438 JP, 276 BC"}
{"Index":2797,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Byzantius wrote   books concerning this crossing of the Gauls from Europe into Asia   Laert  in the life of Demetrius Phalerius  Phaennis  who lived a whole age before this happened is said by way of oracle to have foretold this event in these words  The Gauls shall pass the straits of Hellespont  And ravage all the land of Asia  Yet worse things hath God in store for them  Who on the sea coast of that land do dwell","YearBCAD":-276,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3728,"JulPer":4438,"Dating":"3728 AM, 4438 JP, 276 BC"}
{"Index":2798,"EventTxt":"In the  th Olympiad  Eratosthenes Cyrenaeus  the son of Aglai  or according to others  of Ambrosius  was born  He was a scholar of Aristo Chius the philosopher  of Lysanias of Cyrene the grammarian and of Callismachus of Cyrene a poet   Suidas  in the word  Eratosthenes","YearBCAD":-275,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3729,"JulPer":4439,"Dating":"3729 AM, 4439 JP, 275 BC"}
{"Index":2799,"EventTxt":"This year  Curius Dentatus fought with Pyrrhus in Italy  He killed     of his men and captured his camp  forcing him to retreat to Tarentum   Eutrep","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2800,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors returned who Pyrrhus had sent to the kings of Asia and to Antigonus Gonatas for help with men and money  They returned without either  Pyrrhus called the princes of the Epirotes and Tarentines together and concealed the contents of the letters and told them that supplies would come very speedily  When news of this came to the Roman camp and that there were great supplies coming to him from Macedonia and Asia both  the Romans did not attempt any more actions against him   Pausan  in Attic  p      Pyrrhus acted as if he would move with his army from Tarentum  He never said why  Meanwhile  he wanted his confederates to continue the war and committed the keeping of the citadel at Tarentum to his son Helenus and to Milo  one of his friends   Instin        c      When he had spent   whole years in the war in Italy and Sicily  he had lost many of his men  With no hope left of doing any good  he returned to Epirus with the   foot soldiers and   cavalry whom he had left   Plut  in Pyrr","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2801,"EventTxt":"Curius when he was consul  held a triumph for the defeat of Pyrrhus  He was the first that brought elephants    in total  to Rome   Eusrop         The people were eager in that triumph to get a look at those beasts with turrets on their backs of them and of which they were very afraid  The very beasts seemed to have sensed their captivity by holding down their heads as they followed the victorious horses in the triumph   Floras  Rer  Rom     I e      This triumph happened in the month of January or February as gathered from the marble fragments of the record of their triumphs","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2802,"EventTxt":"Pyrrhus with the help of some of the Gauls made some inroads upon Macedonia where Antigonus Gonatas reigned  He captured many cities and   of Antigonus  soldiers revolted from him  This raised Pyrrhus  hopes still more and he marched directly against Antigonus himself to force a battle with all his forces  Macedonians and Gauls  The Gauls who brought up the rear  fought that day very bravely  Many were cut to pieces and died in the place  The captains of the elephants were vexed by the enemy and surrendered with their elephants to Pyrrhus  The Macedonian foot soldiers were shocked at this defeat and heard Pyrrhus calling them all in general  on their captains and on chief officers by name to surrender to him  They left Antigonus and defected to Pyrrhus  Antigonus saved himself by fleeing but Pyrrhus pursued him to the seaside   Plut  in Pyrrho  Pansan  in Attic  p","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2803,"EventTxt":"After this victory  Pyrrhus took the richest and best spoils from Gauls and hung them in the temple of Pallas in Itonia  It is between Phera and Larissa  He subdued all upper Macedonia and Thessalie   Plut  in Lyrrho  Pansan  in Attic  p           He figured this made up for the loss of Italy and Sicily  He sent for his son Helenus from the citadel of Tarentum where he had left him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2804,"EventTxt":"Pyrrhus had plundered the city of Egeas  which was the royal seat and burial ground of the previous kings of Macedonia  He left the Gauls to keep it  who had followed him in this war  When some told them that in the tombs of the kings much treasure was stored  they acted according to the custom of the times  They broke into the tombs and took away any treasure that was there  They threw the kings  bones about the streets and trampled them under their feet  When Pyrrhus found that their actions caused the Macedonians to murmur against him  he did not rebuke them publicly  He knew he needed them for future wars   Plut  in Pyrrho  Diod  Sic        in the Exerpt  by Vales  p","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2805,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  with some few cavalry that followed him came to Thessalonica  He waited to see how events would unfold and what would become of Macedonia now that he had lost it  He planned to capture it again with the help of any mercenary Gauls he could hire  Ptolemy  the young son of Pyrrhus utterly defeated him  He escaped with only   in his company  He skulked up and down and did not try to recover his kingdom any longer but only to save his own skin   Justin        c      Pyrrhus reproached him and called him an impudent fellow  In spite of the condition he was in  he would not ware a cloak as other Greeks did  but still wore his scarlet robe   Plut  in Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-274,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3730,"JulPer":4440,"Dating":"3730 AM, 4440 JP, 274 BC"}
{"Index":2806,"EventTxt":"In the year when Caius Fabius Licinius and Caius Claudius Caninas were consuls of Rome  Ptolemy Philadelphus heard of the great defeat of Pyrrhus by the Romans and how the Roman power began to grow in the world  He sent his ambassadors with presents from Alexandria to Rome  and made a league with them   Eutrop        Livy       Dio  in Excerpt  Legatio  published at Rome by Fulio Vursino  and Jo  Zonar  Chron         The Romans were glad to see that so great a king as he was  had sought their friendship  Likewise they sent to him their ambassadors  Q  Fabius Gurges  Cn  Fabius Pictor and Quin  Ogulnius  These received expensive presents from the king  As soon as they came home and before they went to relate what happened to the senate  they went and gave all that they had received from him into the treasury  They rightly knew that from a public service for the commonwealth  they should not reap any benefits except for only praise and honour  All was restored to them again by a decree of the senate and by the general vote of the people  The quaesters were commanded to go and return to each of them what the king had given them  So that in this one thing  the bounty and magnificence of Ptolemy  the sincerity of the ambassadors  the equity of the senate and the whole people of Rome  they had the praise and honour due to them   Diod  Sic        Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-273,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3731,"JulPer":4441,"Dating":"3731 AM, 4441 JP, 273 BC"}
{"Index":2807,"EventTxt":"In the  th year  according to Dionysius  on the  th day of Egon or Capricorn  in the  nd year from the death of Alexander the Great  the  th from the beginning of Nabonassar s account  on the  th day of Athyr    th of our January  the planet of Mars was observed to be in the morning under the northerly part of the forehead of Scorpio   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-272,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3732,"JulPer":4442,"Dating":"3732 AM, 4442 JP, 272 BC"}
{"Index":2808,"EventTxt":"When Pyrrhus had subdued the kingdom of Macedonia  he began now to look for the sovereignty of all Greece and Asia   Justin       c      Before he had entirely subdued all Macedonia  he was sent for by Cleonymus of Sparta to come and help him in his wars at Laconia   Pausan  in Attic  p      Areus their king was away in Crete helping the men of Gorryna who were then oppressed with a war  Therefore  Pyrrhus went to help him with     foot soldiers    cavalry and   elephants  With so large an army Pyrrhus thought that instead of recovering Sparta for Cleonymus  he could take over all of Peloponese   Plutarch in Pyrrho","YearBCAD":-272,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3732,"JulPer":4442,"Dating":"3732 AM, 4442 JP, 272 BC"}
{"Index":2809,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Ptolemy Philadelphia  in some copies it is incorrectly written  and a half  in the  th year of Nabonassar  in the  th day of the month Masor  the    th of our October   hours after the setting of the sun  Timochares observed the planet of Venus in the morning to be completely eclipsed   CI  Ptolemy        c","YearBCAD":-271,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3733,"JulPer":4443,"Dating":"3733 AM, 4443 JP, 271 BC"}
{"Index":2810,"EventTxt":"While Pyrrhus besieged Sparta  a company of women led by Archidamia  defended it against him until the return of Areus from Crete  Acrotatus the son of Areus  valiantly drove Ptolemy the son of Pyrrhus back when he made an assault and would have broken into Sparta with   Gauls and some select companies from Chaonia  Thereupon Pyrrhus  despaired of accomplishing anything and withdrew  He took the spoil of the country and planned to winter there","YearBCAD":-271,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3733,"JulPer":4443,"Dating":"3733 AM, 4443 JP, 271 BC"}
{"Index":2811,"EventTxt":"Now while the war was going on in Laconia  Antigonus recovered the cities of Macedonia and marched down with his army into Peloponese  He wanted to fight again with Pyrrhus for he knew if Pyrrhus succeeded there  he would return to continue the war in Macedonia   Pausan  in Attic  p      When Pyrrhus was on his way to Argos  Areus the king attacked him from the rear  He then cut off some of the Gauls and Molossians which brought up the rear  Orasus of Crete  slew Ptolemy the son of Pyrrhus  who fought valiantly for his father   Plutarch  When Pyrrhus saw his son s dead body  he said that this death happened to him not as soon as he feared it would or for his much rashness in actions deserved   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-271,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3733,"JulPer":4443,"Dating":"3733 AM, 4443 JP, 271 BC"}
{"Index":2812,"EventTxt":"In the very night that Pyrrhus entered into Argos  it is said that a screech owl came and sat on the top of his spear   Elia  de Histo  Animal       c      The next day Pyrrhus was killed with a brick which a poor old woman threw down on his head  His head was cut off by Zophyrus  a soldier of Antigonus  and carried to Aleyoneus  the son of Antignous  He took it and dashed it on the ground at Antigonus  feet where he sat with his friends about him  Antigonus rebuked him very sharply for so greatly insulting so great a person for he did not consider the weakness of the human condition  He took the head and put his hood over it which he then wore for an attire after the manner of the Macedonians  He buried his body very honourably  When Helenus  the son of Pyrrhus was brought prisoner to him  Antigonus wanted him to take on him both the manner and the spirit of a king  He gave him the bones of his father in a golden urn  He wanted him to carry it into Epirus to his brother Alexander  Antigonus treated Pyrrhus  friends who were captured with all the due respect he could    Plut  in the end of his Pyrrhus        c     Val  Max        c","YearBCAD":-271,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3733,"JulPer":4443,"Dating":"3733 AM, 4443 JP, 271 BC"}
{"Index":2813,"EventTxt":"When those of Tarentum heard of the death of Pyrrhus  they sent to Carthage to ask for help against the Romans and against Milo  who held the city with a strong garrison of Epirotes  When Milo was besieged on all sides by the Romans on land and Carthaginians at sea  he surrendered the citadel to Papyrius Curso  the Roman consul  They agreed to let Milo and his soldiers with their money and other baggage leave safely for their own country  The city was also surrendered to Papyrius by its townsmen  They gave up their arms  ships and themselves to him  This was the end of the war of Tarentum against the Romans   Zonaras from Dionoros        c     Fontin  Stratag","YearBCAD":-271,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3733,"JulPer":4443,"Dating":"3733 AM, 4443 JP, 271 BC"}
{"Index":2814,"EventTxt":"After the death of Strata  who was the master of the school of the Peripaticks for   years  Lycon of Troas  the son of Astyanax  succeeded him  He was an eloquent man and very capable to instruct and bring up youth   Laert","YearBCAD":-270,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3734,"JulPer":4444,"Dating":"3734 AM, 4444 JP, 270 BC"}
{"Index":2815,"EventTxt":"Attalus the younger  the brother of Philitar had a son born whom he also called Attalus  The son reigned later in Pergamus and lived for   years   Polybius  in Excerpt  Hen  Vales    Suid  in Attalus  and Livy","YearBCAD":-269,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3735,"JulPer":4445,"Dating":"3735 AM, 4445 JP, 269 BC"}
{"Index":2816,"EventTxt":"Jubilee","YearBCAD":-268,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3736,"JulPer":4446,"Dating":"3736 AM, 4446 JP, 268 BC"}
{"Index":2817,"EventTxt":"Mithradates died after reigning in Pontus for   years  and his son  Ariobarzanes  succeeded him   Diod  Sic        year    Olymp     with Excerpt  Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-265,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3739,"JulPer":4449,"Dating":"3739 AM, 4449 JP, 265 BC"}
{"Index":2818,"EventTxt":"In the  st year according to Dionysius on the  nd and  th day of the month Scorpion  in the  th year of Nabonassar  on the  th and  nd day of the month Thoth and in the  th and  th of November according to the Julian calendar  the planet Mercury was observed in the morning   Plan  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-264,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3740,"JulPer":4450,"Dating":"3740 AM, 4450 JP, 264 BC"}
{"Index":2819,"EventTxt":"Philetaeus the Teian who was born at Teii in Pontus ruled Pergamus for   years and died when he was   years old  He was succeeded by Eumenes the First  the son of his older brother  He ruled for   years   Strabo       p            p        with Lucian  in his Macrobis","YearBCAD":-263,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3741,"JulPer":4451,"Dating":"3741 AM, 4451 JP, 263 BC"}
{"Index":2820,"EventTxt":"The first Punic or Sicilian war started this year between the Romans  and the Carthaginians  This was the first time the Romans had left Italy and fought their first naval battle  The Carthaginians had invaded Sicily  This war lasted   years without stopping   Polyb","YearBCAD":-263,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3741,"JulPer":4451,"Dating":"3741 AM, 4451 JP, 263 BC"}
{"Index":2821,"EventTxt":"In this same year  when Diognetus was archon at Athens  the chronologer of Paros made his canon or order of times  Mr  Selden recently published this in his Marmora Arundelliana","YearBCAD":-263,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3741,"JulPer":4451,"Dating":"3741 AM, 4451 JP, 263 BC"}
{"Index":2822,"EventTxt":"Dionysius the astronomer  observed Mercury   times  The first time was in the  rd year  according to Dionysius  in the  th  it should be the  th or  th according to the point to the sun assigned  of Hydron or Aquarion  in the  th year of Nabonassar on the  th of the month Choeac  on the    th of our February  in the morning  The second time was on the  th of the month Tauron or  st of Phamenoth the Egyptian month   for in CI  Ptolem  we must here write A for L   This was on the  th of our April in the first hour of the evening  The third time was in the same year of Nabonassar but the  th of the Dionysian account on the  th of Leonion or  th of Paynus or the  rd of our August in the evening  Dionysius  observations are noted by CI  Ptolemy from the writings of Hipparchus         c      in his book called his Great Work","YearBCAD":-262,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3742,"JulPer":4452,"Dating":"3742 AM, 4452 JP, 262 BC"}
{"Index":2823,"EventTxt":"Nicomedes king of Bithynia enlarged the city Astacus and renamed Nicomedia  after himself   Euseb  Chron  with Pausan  in his Ellac        p     Trebel  Pollio  in Gallienis    Ammia  Marcel         Memnon   Excerpt  c      says that he built Nicomedia opposite the city Astacus  as do both Strabo and Pliny  They think they were really two distinct cities","YearBCAD":-262,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3742,"JulPer":4452,"Dating":"3742 AM, 4452 JP, 262 BC"}
{"Index":2824,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes the First had taken many cities and places around Pergamus  he defeated Antiochus  the son of Seleucus  near Sardis   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-262,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3742,"JulPer":4452,"Dating":"3742 AM, 4452 JP, 262 BC"}
{"Index":2825,"EventTxt":"Antiochus of Syria died after he had killed one of his sons and declared the other  his successor   Prolog  of Trog  Pompeius         For his great victory over the Gauls who came over to Asia from Europe  Antiochus was surnamed Soter  that is their deliverer   Appian in Syriac  p      For more detail of this victory over the Gauls  read Lucian  in his book  of failing in men s speech  and in his Zeuxis or Antiochus  He was succeeded by his son Antiochus  whom he had by Stratonice  the Milesian  The Milesians were the first  who surnamed him god  because he ridded them of their tyrant  Timarchus   Appian in Syriac  p      Tatianus the Assyrian  in his oration against the Gentiles  infers that Gerosus  who was a priest of Belus in Babylon  dedicated his three books of the Chaldean History to this Antiochus  Gerosus  Pliny       c      published the observations of the Celestial Motions among the Babylonians for a period of   years  This is the number of years from the beginning of the Epoch of Nabonassar s account as other learned men understand this  We also find this to have ended six years before the start of the reign of this Antiochus  Porphyrie  Eusebius  Severus Sulpitius  Johannes Malela of Antioch and all others agree that he reigned   years","YearBCAD":-261,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3743,"JulPer":4453,"Dating":"3743 AM, 4453 JP, 261 BC"}
{"Index":2826,"EventTxt":"Antiochus gave the Jews living in Ionia  equal rights and privileges with the Gentiles and allowed them to live according to their own religion and customs of their nation   Josephus       c      At various times  he made war on Ptolemy Philadelphus and fought with him with all the forces he could raise from Babylon and all the east  Ptolemy wanted to end this bloody war and gave him his daughter  Bernice for a wife  while his former wife Laodice was still living  Laodice had born him two sons  Seleucus Callinicus and Antiochus Heirax that is Hawk  Ptolemy accompanied his daughter as far as Pelusium and there gave him an enormous quantity of gold and silver for a dowry with her  Hence Ptolemy was called the dowry giver   Jerome on Da     At great expense  he supplied her with water from the Nile River  This was to be carried to her  so that wherever she was  she would only drink that water   Atheneus        c     reports from of Polybies  Appian is wrong where he says that Bernice and Laodice were both daughters of this Ptolemy   in Syria  p","YearBCAD":-261,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3743,"JulPer":4453,"Dating":"3743 AM, 4453 JP, 261 BC"}
{"Index":2827,"EventTxt":"Josephus         c      writes that after Eleazar the son of Onias  his uncle Manasseh  the son of Jaddus  succeeded him in the priesthood at Jerusalem  He was the high priest for   years   Scaliger  in Grac  Eusebia  p","YearBCAD":-259,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3745,"JulPer":4455,"Dating":"3745 AM, 4455 JP, 259 BC"}
{"Index":2828,"EventTxt":"Laodice bore to Antiochus Theos  a son called Antiochus  who  as I said before  was called Hierax  For more of him  see note on   AM","YearBCAD":-258,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3746,"JulPer":4456,"Dating":"3746 AM, 4456 JP, 258 BC"}
{"Index":2829,"EventTxt":"In the year    according to Dionysius  calendar  the  th day of the month Didymon  in the  st of Nabonassar  day   of the month Parmuth  the  th of our July  the planet Mercury was seen near the sign of Gemini in the evening toward its southern head   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-257,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3747,"JulPer":4457,"Dating":"3747 AM, 4457 JP, 257 BC"}
{"Index":2830,"EventTxt":"The second Period of Calippus began in this year","YearBCAD":-254,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3750,"JulPer":4460,"Dating":"3750 AM, 4460 JP, 254 BC"}
{"Index":2831,"EventTxt":"Aratus of Sicyone  at the age of   years  delivered his native country from the tyranny and oppression of Nicocles and joined it to the state of Achaia   Polyb        p      He sent to Ptolemy Philadelphus in Egypt and got from him   talents which he bestowed among his poor country men  This was partly used in redeeming those who had been taken prisoners  Those that had been expelled from their country  were now restored  They would give no rest to those who now possessed their lands and estates  Therefore  Aratus made another journey to Ptolemy and asked for money of him to settle all differences among his country men and settle all legal actions between them  On the journey  he sailed through a violent storm and contrary winds  He finally came to Egypt where he obtained a boon of   talents more for his country s good  He took   talents along with him and returned into Peloponese   Plut  in Arata","YearBCAD":-251,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3753,"JulPer":4463,"Dating":"3753 AM, 4463 JP, 251 BC"}
{"Index":2832,"EventTxt":"This year Maulins Vulso and Attilius Regulus were consuls in Rome as noted by Polybius  This was the  th year of this first Carthagainian war  The Parthians  under their captain Arsaces  broke off the Macedonian rule and revolted from them   Trog  Pomp         This man Arsaces  the later Persian writers call Aski or Askam  Mircondus Chapur says he began his reign there in the  nd year after the death of Alexander the Great  This was one year before the consulship of Manlius and Attilius in Rome and   years before Olymp     At that time Eusebius in his Chron  notes that this Arsaces and his Parthians defected and rebelled against Antiochus Theos  However  the Parthians observe a holiday when Arsaces defeated Seleucus Callinicus  the son and successor of Antiochus  and took Callinicus himself prisoner  This holiday is kept with a great festival and is observed on the aniversary of their liberty   Justin relates from Trogas        c      Therefore both  Justin  and Appian  in Syriac  p      thought that the Parthians began their revolt under Seleucus and not under Antiochus his father  The Parthians moreover honoured Arsaces by calling their dynasty of kings after him  by the name of Arsaces   Justin        c     Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-250,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3754,"JulPer":4464,"Dating":"3754 AM, 4464 JP, 250 BC"}
{"Index":2833,"EventTxt":"Now that the Parthians together with the Persians revolted from the Persian Empire  Arrian  in Perlicis  shows this as we find him in  Photius  his Bibliotheca  cod      Later Persian writers confound and make the two all one people called the Parthians   Concerning this we may see more in Schikard  Tarick  p        and our  rd note upon the acts of Ignatius   Arrian also shows the reason for this revolt from the Persian Empire  It was that this Arsaces and Tyridates  the sons of Phripites or Priapatius  the son of Arsaces had first killed Pherecles   or Agathocles  as we find him called by Geor  Syncellus  He was the governor of that country and appointed by Antiochus Theos  The governor and   others wanted to have homosexual intercourse with Tirdates  They expelled the Macedonians and took over the kingdom  Their successors later fought with the Romans and contended with them for the empire of the world   Strabo l     p","YearBCAD":-250,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3754,"JulPer":4464,"Dating":"3754 AM, 4464 JP, 250 BC"}
{"Index":2834,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Theodotus  who had under him   cities of the Bactrians  revolted from the Macedonians  The whole east followed their example and revolted   Justin        c     from Tragus   Others say  that the two kings of Syria and Media  defected  Euthydemus persuaded the Greeks who inhabited Bactria to revolt from the Macedonians  Thereupon when Arsaces saw Diotus or Theodotus  grow so powerful among the Bactrians  he made the Parthians revolt from the Macedonians also  Apollodorus in his books of the Parthian affairs  tells us that those Greeks who dwelt in Bactria  became very strong and invaded India  They went so far that after they crossed the Hypanis River  they went as far as the Isamus  farther then Alexander went in his conquest of India   Strabo          p             p","YearBCAD":-250,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3754,"JulPer":4464,"Dating":"3754 AM, 4464 JP, 250 BC"}
{"Index":2835,"EventTxt":"Seleucus king of Syria was overcome with love for his former wife Laodice and her children and began to court her again  A short time later she began to fear his fickleness and thought that his affections might return again to Bernice  his second wife  She poisoned him   Jerome on Da     Appia  in Syrac  p      To conceal this wicked deed of hers  she had Arremon  who looked very much like him  lie in his bed and pretend to be sick  By his face and imitation of his speech  he deceived all that came to see and visit him in his sickness  By this means  she concealed the death of the true king  until she had arranged a suitable successor   Valer  Max        c     Pliny        c     Solic  c      Through her  Seleucus  the oldest son of Seleucus by Laodice  succeeded him in the kingdom  He was surnamed Callinicus because of the many victories which he won   There were none that I know of   From his large beard he was called Pogon  which means a beard   Polyb        p      He ruled for   years   Eusib  Chron","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2836,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  Ptolemy Philadelphus died  He lived luxuriously and did not hesitate to say that he would live for ever and that only he had found the way to immortality after the death of Ptolemy the First  his father  Ptolemy  surnamed Euergeres  his son  succeeded him  He was born by Arsinoe  the daughter of Lysimachus  and reigned   years   CI  Ptolem  in Canone  Clemens Alexand  in       Strom    Jerome on Da    In his time it is said that there appeared a phoenix  which came to Helopolis  followed by a large flock of other birds  Everone marvelled at the beauty of the phoenix   Tacit  Annal","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2837,"EventTxt":"Laodice turned Berenice with her young son  who she had by Ptolemy  over to Icadion and Genneus  or Coeneus   to have them murdered  They were two important men in Antioch   Jerome on Da     and Appia  in Syriac  p      When Berenice heard that they were coming to murder her  she shut herself up in Daphne  a citadel or suburb of Antioch of which I spoke before  When the cities of Asia heard that she with her young son were besieged  they remembered and reverenced her high calling and her sons  Out of compassion  they sent her help from all parts  Also  her brother Ptolemy surnamed Euergetes  feared for the danger his sister was in  He left his kingdom and went as quickly as he could with as many forces as he could gather to help her   Justin in       c      Before any help arrived  the young son was taken by the schemes of Laodice and carried away  When Berenice the mother heard of this  she armed herself and got into a chariot  She pursued Coeneus  the butcher of that cruel act  When she overtook him  she could do nothing against him with her spear  She took a stone and knocked him down  She forced her chariot over the very body of the knave and broke through the middle of the companies  She went directly to the house  where she heard that they had laid the murdered body of her son   Val  Max        c","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2838,"EventTxt":"The murderers of the child took another child very like him and brought him out  They showed him to the people  with a royal guard about him  as if it had been the same child  However  they had a strong guard of mercenary Gauls attack Bernice  They turned over to her the strongest part of the place or citadel of Antioch  They gave her their oath to be loyal to her and entered into a covenant with her  She listened to Aristarchus her physician  who persuaded her to make a covenant of friendship with them  However  they used their oath as a stratagem  to get near her  They tried to cut her throat  The women about her  defended her as well as they could and many of them there died in the fight  However   of them  Panxriste  Maria and Gethosyne  took her body and laid it in her bed as if she had been wounded only and not quite dead  They let it be known that she might recover and held the people in suspense until the coming of Ptolemy   Polyanus  Stratag","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2839,"EventTxt":"All the cities of Asia  which had revolted from Seleucus  sent their ships and joined with Ptolemy  They were either going to defend Berenice if she was still alive or to revenge her murder if she was dead   Justin       c      When Ptolemy came  he killed Laodice and entered Syria marching as far as Babylon   Appian  in Syriac  pag      He took over Coelosyria with Seleucia   Polyg        p         Syria  Cilicia  the upper provinces beyond the Euphrates and almost all Asia became his   Jerome on Da     Even from the Taurus Mountains to India  he took all without fighting a battle  That is if we can believe Polyenus  in the place cited above with which we may also compare what we find on the monument of Euergetes  called the monument in Aduliteanum  published at Rome in the year   by Leo Allatrus  It says  vv After his father died  Ptolemy became king of Egypt  Libya  Syria Phoenicia  Cyprus  Lycra  Caria  and the Cychadian Isle  He gathered an army of foot soldiers and cavalry with a fleet of ships and elephants from Trogloditica and Ethiopia  Some of the elephants had been taken there by his father and the rest he brought from there into Egypt  He trained these forces in the art of war and they were well equipped  With these forces he sailed into Asia and conquered all the land on this side the Euphrates  Cilicia  Pamphylia  Ionia  Hellespont and Thracia together with all their forces and other elephants from India and all the kings of these countries  He crossed over the Euphrates and conquered Mesopotamia  Babylonia  Susia  Persia  Media and all the country as far as Bactria","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2840,"EventTxt":"When Euergetes had conquered all Syria  he came down to Jerusalem  and offered many sacrifices of thanksgiving to God  He dedicated to him gifts worthy of such a great victory   Josephus       cont  Apion  p","YearBCAD":-246,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3758,"JulPer":4468,"Dating":"3758 AM, 4468 JP, 246 BC"}
{"Index":2841,"EventTxt":"Euergetes was called back by a rebellion of his own people in Egypt  He held Syria personally and entrusted Antiochus  one of his friends  with Cilicia  He put Xanthippus in control of the provinces beyond the Euphrates  He wasting all the kingdom of Seleucus and carried from there     talents of silver and all the rich vessels that were there  He took   images of their gods  Among these images were those images which Cambyses had taken previously from Egypt to Persia  By this action the Egyptians surnamed him  Euergetes when they saw their gods come home   Jerome on Da     Concerning him in that monument mentioned earlier  called Monumentum Adulitanum  we find written  vv Ptolemy had returned those gods which the Persians had taken and carried from Egypt previously along with other treasures stored there  He sent his army to let in the water in ditches recently dug for that purpose","YearBCAD":-245,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3759,"JulPer":4469,"Dating":"3759 AM, 4469 JP, 245 BC"}
{"Index":2842,"EventTxt":"After the departure of Ptolemy from Syria  Seleucus outfitted a huge fleet to attack the cities that had revolted from him  A sudden storm sank the whole fleet  Thereupon the cities and countries which had defected to Ptolemy because they hated Seleucus  all returned to him because of this great disaster at sea   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-245,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3759,"JulPer":4469,"Dating":"3759 AM, 4469 JP, 245 BC"}
{"Index":2843,"EventTxt":"In the year   according to the Chaldeans  on the  th day of the month Apelleus  and in the year   of Nabonassar   th of the month Thoth  the  th day of our November  the planet Mercury was observed in the morning to have been to the northward of the uppermost star in the head of Scorpio   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-244,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3760,"JulPer":4470,"Dating":"3760 AM, 4470 JP, 244 BC"}
{"Index":2844,"EventTxt":"Seleucus Callinicus began to make war on Ptolemy Euergetes and was utterly routed and fled to Antioch  From there he wrote to his brother Antiochus and begged his help  He offered him for his trouble  all Asia on this side the Taurus Mountains  Antiochus  at this time was not more than   years old and was very greedy for a kingdom  He seized on the occasion but not out of brotherly love  He acted like a robber  laron  Ussher cited in Oxford English Dictionary as using this term  and sought to strip his brother of all that he had in his time of need  Although he was a child  yet he behaved more like a man with this impious resolve  From this  he was surnamed Hierax  that is greedy hawk  He was more like a harpy eagle because he was always ready to fall upon every man s estate   Justin        c     with Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-244,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3760,"JulPer":4470,"Dating":"3760 AM, 4470 JP, 244 BC"}
{"Index":2845,"EventTxt":"At this time  the people of Smyrna and Magnesia  in the month Lenaeon  entered a league between themselves to maintain the honour and greatness of Seleucus  This league we find preserved to this very day and is transcribed from those Marmora Arundel  i e  those marble stones which the Earl of Arundel brought from those parts and published by Mr  J  Selden  as noted before","YearBCAD":-243,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3761,"JulPer":4471,"Dating":"3761 AM, 4471 JP, 243 BC"}
{"Index":2846,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy saw that this young Antiochus sided with Seleucus  he made a   year truce with Seleucus lest he should be forced to fight both of them   Justin        c      In this long time of peace  he sent for Eratosthenes Cyrenaeus from Athens and made him keeper of his library at Alexandria   Suidas  in Eratosthenes  and in the word  Apollonius   Ptolemy Euergetes followed after his father Philadelphus in promoting the magnificence of this library and with it  all kinds of learning  He was a scholar of Aristarchus the philosopher and wrote certain historical commentaries himself   Athena        c      Concerning his diligence in getting works into his library from the ancient writers  Galen  on the  rd book of Hippocrates   of Epidemical diseases   says  vv He ordered all the books of them which came into Egypt to be brought to him  He had copies made of them and gave the copies back to the owners who brought them  The originals were placed in his own library with this inscription  from out of ships so that it might appear that they came from such ships as had arrived there","YearBCAD":-243,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3761,"JulPer":4471,"Dating":"3761 AM, 4471 JP, 243 BC"}
{"Index":2847,"EventTxt":"He left   talents in Athens as a security deposit so he could borrow the works of Sophocles  Eurypides and Escylus to transcribe them  When he resturned them  he would get his money back  He had them written out most exquisitely in excellent parchment and then kept the originals  He sent those copies back to them again and wished that they would keep his deposit of   talents and to allow the originals to remain with him","YearBCAD":-243,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3761,"JulPer":4471,"Dating":"3761 AM, 4471 JP, 243 BC"}
{"Index":2848,"EventTxt":"Antigonus Gonatas died after he had reigned in Macedonia   years and in Greece for   years  He lived   years  according to Medius and other writers  Porphyry says he lived   years   Lucian  in Macrobius  Porphyr  in Grec  Eusebanus  Scalig  p","YearBCAD":-243,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3762,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4471,"Dating":"3762a AM, 4471 JP, 243 BC"}
{"Index":2849,"EventTxt":"Antigonus Gonatas was succeeded by his son Demetrius who reigned   years   Porphyr  in Grec  Polyb        p      During this time he subdued all of Cyrene and Libya   Porphyr  in Grec   After the death of her husband and brother  Alexander  Olympias  the daughter of Pyrrhus  king of Epirus gave her daughter Pthias to Demetrius  who was already married to the sister of Antiochus  king of Syria  When Demetrius turned her out  she went to her brother Antiochus and stirred him up to make war on her husband because of the wrong he did to her   Justin        c      In all this time there was no other man named Antiochus who was a king  except Antiochus Hierax  He wanted to take the whole kingdom from Seleucus his older brother  Justin from Tragus         c      calls both these brothers  by the name of kings  These writers   Tragus        in the Prologue to it    Polya     Stratag     in Antio  Hierax  show  that Antiochus went into Mesopotamia where Seleucus had built a city called Callimicopolis according to the Fasti Seculi  At that time  neither Antiochus nor Seleucus controlled Syria for Ptolemy Euergetes king of Egypt governed it","YearBCAD":-243,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3762,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4471,"Dating":"3762a AM, 4471 JP, 243 BC"}
{"Index":2850,"EventTxt":"At this time  Antiochus tried to take over all Asia proper  from his brother Seleucus  He raised a mercenary army of the Gauls to fight against him  They fought near the city Ancyra  Seleucus was defeated by the extraordinary prowess of those Gauls  Thereupon  these Gauls supposing that Seleucus had been slain in the battle  turned on Antiochus who had hired them  When he knew what was happening  he bought their loyalty and was forced to make a league with these mercenaries  However  Eumenes with a fresh army of his own  attacked and routed Antiochus and his Gauls  They were all tired out and many were wounded from the recent battle with Seleucus  By this he got most of Asia under his control   Justin        c         with the Prologue of Tragus","YearBCAD":-242,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3762,"JulPer":4472,"Dating":"3762 AM, 4472 JP, 242 BC"}
{"Index":2851,"EventTxt":"Eumenes  the son of Eumenes the older  who was the son of Philetaerus  drank himself drunk and died   Athenaus        c     from Ctesicles        de Temporibus   Attalus  his son  succeeded him  He was the younger brother to Philetairus  and born by Antiochis  the daughter of Achaeus  Attalus used his great wealth cautiously and magnificently  He thought that he should be called a king and then convinced other men too that he deserved to be a king  Therefore  after he had defeated the Gauls  he assumed the title of a king  He ruled wisely and his house continued to the  rd generation   Polyb        in the Excerpt  of him  published by Vales  p      Suidas reports an oracle which was given to him by the prophetess at Delphi  It said  Go on Taurocerus  thou a crown shall wear  And thy sons and there an end shall be","YearBCAD":-241,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3763,"JulPer":4473,"Dating":"3763 AM, 4473 JP, 241 BC"}
{"Index":2852,"EventTxt":"Now it is thought that this Eumenes was surnamed Taurocerus because there were a pair of bull s horns added to a statue of him  Also in that oracle by Poaennes  is mentioned the slaughter which he would one day make of the Gauls  He is called  Tauri Silius  i e  the son of a Bull   Pausan  in Phocicis  p      It said this  For Jove shall quickly send them a saviour  Son of a Bull and by Jove nurtured  Which on the Gauls shall bring a dismal day","YearBCAD":-241,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3763,"JulPer":4473,"Dating":"3763 AM, 4473 JP, 241 BC"}
{"Index":2853,"EventTxt":"Concerning this battle fought between Attalus and the Gauls  Livy says          vv Attalus was the first in Asia who refused to pay tribute to the Gauls  Fortune here  beyond all expectation of men  favoured this bold attempt of his and in a battle he fought and defeated them","YearBCAD":-241,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3763,"JulPer":4473,"Dating":"3763 AM, 4473 JP, 241 BC"}
{"Index":2854,"EventTxt":"However  Polyanus         Stratag  in Attalo  told of a scheme which Sudines  a Chaldaean soothsayer  used to enliven his soldiers for this fight when they were quite dispirited  Sudines was that Babylonian mathematician whom we find mentioned by Strabo         p      Vettius Valens of Antioch says he used his astronomical tables to determine the motions of the moon","YearBCAD":-241,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3763,"JulPer":4473,"Dating":"3763 AM, 4473 JP, 241 BC"}
{"Index":2855,"EventTxt":"In the  th year according to Dionysius  calendar  on the  th day of the month Parthenion or Virginion    years after the death of Alexander  on the  th day of the month Epiphus   September  rd  the planet Jupiter eclipsed the southern star of the constellation of the Asellus  that is  the little Ass   CI  Ptolem  lib     cap       Aselli is two stars in the constellation of Cancer  Pliny Nat        s","YearBCAD":-241,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3763,"JulPer":4473,"Dating":"3763 AM, 4473 JP, 241 BC"}
{"Index":2856,"EventTxt":"Lacides Cyrenaeus  the rector of the new academy  succeeded Arcesilaus of Pitane in Eolia  He kept his academy in a certain garden which Attalus the king had provided there for that purpose  He began to read in year   of the  th Olympiad   Laert  in Laces","YearBCAD":-240,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3764,"JulPer":4474,"Dating":"3764 AM, 4474 JP, 240 BC"}
{"Index":2857,"EventTxt":"In the  th year according to the Chaldeans  on the  th day of the month Dios in the  th year of Nabonassar  the  th of the month Thoth   July  th  the planet of Mercury  in the morning  was seen near to the beam star in the sign of Libra   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-236,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3768,"JulPer":4478,"Dating":"3768 AM, 4478 JP, 236 BC"}
{"Index":2858,"EventTxt":"Onias the Second became high priest  He was the son of Simon the just  After Simon  Eleasarus had executed the office of the high priest at Jerusalem  because Onias was still quite young  After Eleasarus  Manasses became high priest until Onias came of age  Josephus says he was a dim witted man and in his old age finally came to be prince and high priest among the Jews  In this office  he behaved most unworthily and basely and was only concerned about money   Josephus Antiq        c     in Grac  Euseb  p      It is said that he was the high priest for   years","YearBCAD":-233,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3771,"JulPer":4481,"Dating":"3771 AM, 4481 JP, 233 BC"}
{"Index":2859,"EventTxt":"In his days  the Samaritans grievously vexed the Jews  They plundered the country and carried away the people captives  Onias refused to pay the   talents of silver imposed by the kings upon the land  He was very covetous of money  This sum was paid by his predecessors from their own wealth to relieve the people  In a rage  Ptolemy Euergetes sent a messenger to Jerusalem and threatened Onias that if he did not quickly send in his arrears of tribute  he would immediately distribute the land among his soldiers and settle new colonies of his own there  There was at that time a man named Gasifies  the son of Tibias  Although a young man  yet he was in high regard among all men for his prudence  justice and other virtues  He lived in the country at a place called Phicola  where he was born  He was told by his mother  who was the daughter of Simon the Just and sister to this Onias the priest  of the arrival of these ambassadors to Jerusalem  Thereupon he came to Jerusalem and undertook to be part of an embassy to Euergetes concerning this matter  He so ingratiated himself to King Ptolemy and his queen Cleopatra that he appeased his wrath  He also obtained a company of   soldiers to collect the tributes and other profits to the king from Coelosyria  Phoenicia  Samaria and Judaea  He held that office for   years and in that time doubled the king s revenues  He increased the revenue from   to     talents a year  He brought this into the king s treasury all the goods of thieves and confiscated goods which the tax collectors had kept and divided among themselves   Gasifies    c","YearBCAD":-233,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3771,"JulPer":4481,"Dating":"3771 AM, 4481 JP, 233 BC"}
{"Index":2860,"EventTxt":"In Macedonia  Demetrius died leaving his very young son Philip as king  Antigonus was made his guardian  He was known for his great and extraordinary promises which he made to all sorts of men  He was nicknamed  Doson  i e  one that was ever full of promises and of no action  He married the mother of Philip and took over the kingdom   Justin       c      He ruled for   years   Dexippus  Porphy    Euseb","YearBCAD":-232,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3772,"JulPer":4482,"Dating":"3772 AM, 4482 JP, 232 BC"}
{"Index":2861,"EventTxt":"Lycon of Troas died  He was head of the school of the Peripateticks for   years  Strata Lapsacenus was the previous head of the school until his death  Lycon lived   years","YearBCAD":-230,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3774,"JulPer":4484,"Dating":"3774 AM, 4484 JP, 230 BC"}
{"Index":2862,"EventTxt":"In the  nd year according to the Chaldean account  the  th day of the month Xanthicus  in the  th year of Nabonassar  the  th day of the month Tybi   March    in the evening  Saturn was observed to be two fingers width below the southern shoulder of Virgo   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-229,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3775,"JulPer":4485,"Dating":"3775 AM, 4485 JP, 229 BC"}
{"Index":2863,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus Hierax was in trouble  he fled to Ptolemy Euergetes in Egypt  He threw him into prison  He escaped  by the means of a certain harlot  who used to come to him  On his escape  he fell into the hands of certain thieves who killed him   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-226,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3778,"JulPer":4488,"Dating":"3778 AM, 4488 JP, 226 BC"}
{"Index":2864,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Seleucus Callinicus  the older brother of Antiochus  fell off his horse  broke his neck and died   Justin       c      He left two sons  The oldest one was Seleucus Ceraunus was physically weak and poor  He could not keep order in his army  The younger was called Antiochus and surnamed later the Great  After the death of his father  he went into the upper Asia   Polyb        p            p    with Appian  in Syriac  p         Seleucus Ceraunus reigned only   years   Porphy  Euseb  Severus Sulpitius","YearBCAD":-226,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3778,"JulPer":4488,"Dating":"3778 AM, 4488 JP, 226 BC"}
{"Index":2865,"EventTxt":"Seleucus Ceraunus marched against Attalus  who had controlled all of Asia on this side the Taurus Mountains  He left his kingdom to the care of Hermias  a Carian  and crossed over the Taurus Mountains with a large army   Polyb        p             p","YearBCAD":-223,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3781,"JulPer":4491,"Dating":"3781 AM, 4491 JP, 223 BC"}
{"Index":2866,"EventTxt":"Seleucus was poisoned in Phrygia by his two friends  Apatarias  and Nicanor   Polyb  ib  Appianus  in Syriac  p     Jerome  upon Da    Justin        c      At that time in his army  Achaeus  the son of Andronicus  brother to Laodice  Seleucus  wife  was in exile with Ptolemy in Egypt  Achaeus  as a kinsman to Seleucus  avenged his death and killed the two men who murdered Seleucus  He managed all matters in the army with a extraordinary dexterity  wisdom and magnanimity  Even though he could now crown himself king and all men wanted him to  he would not do it  He kept it for Antiochus  the young son of Seleucus Callinicus  He marched with the army from place to place throughout Asia and recovered all that his father had lost on this side of the Taurus Mountains   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-223,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3781,"JulPer":4491,"Dating":"3781 AM, 4491 JP, 223 BC"}
{"Index":2867,"EventTxt":"The army that was in Syria sent to Antiochus who was in Babylon  They wanted him to come and assume the kingdom   Jerome  on Da      This he did when he was less than   years old   Justin        c      Polyb         p      says he reigned   years  We find the same in Porphyrie   Eusebius","YearBCAD":-223,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3781,"JulPer":4491,"Dating":"3781 AM, 4491 JP, 223 BC"}
{"Index":2868,"EventTxt":"Antiochus committed the whole rule and government of all Asia  on this side of the Taurus Mountains to Achaeus  He made Molon governor of Media  and Alexander  Molon s brother  president of Persia  In court  Hermias the Carian  controlled all  He was a man of a fierce and cruel nature  He punished very severely even small offences and made them seem all the greater by the aggravating words he said  He made false charges on various people and was a merciless and inexorable judge against them   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-223,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3781,"JulPer":4491,"Dating":"3781 AM, 4491 JP, 223 BC"}
{"Index":2869,"EventTxt":"Cleomenes  the king of Lacedemon  was defeated by Antigonus Doson  king of Macedonia near Sellasia  He was kicked out of his kingdom and sailed from Gythium in a ship he had prepared beforehand in case it was needed  He took some of his friends along with him and he sailed into Egypt to Ptolemy Euergetes   He had previously sent to Ptolemy as pledges  his children and his mother Cratesiclea when Ptolemy had first promised him help   When he came  Ptolemy honourably entertained him   Polyb        p     Justin        c     Pausan  in Corinth  p     Plut  in Cleome","YearBCAD":-223,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3781,"JulPer":4491,"Dating":"3781 AM, 4491 JP, 223 BC"}
{"Index":2870,"EventTxt":"The two brothers  Molon  the governor of Media and Alexander  the president of Persia  despised the youth of Antiochus their king   They thought that Achaeus would easily be persuaded to join with them since all feared the power of Hermias in the court and his malice and cruelty   They conspired together with their provinces to revolt from Antiochus   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-222,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3782,"JulPer":4492,"Dating":"3782 AM, 4492 JP, 222 BC"}
{"Index":2871,"EventTxt":"In the parts of Caria and the isle of Rhodes  there was a very strong earthquake which destroyed their houses  The huge colossus or image of Jupiter at Rhodes was destroyed also   Euseb  Chron  Oros        c","YearBCAD":-222,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3782,"JulPer":4492,"Dating":"3782 AM, 4492 JP, 222 BC"}
{"Index":2872,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Euergetes gave Cleomenes some hopes that he would send him back into Greece with a well furnished navy and restore him again to his kingdom  Ptolemy by his loving behaviour grew each day more intimate with him than any other man  Meanwhile he gave him  talents yearly for his entertainment  With this he lived frugally and maintained himself and those with him   Plut  in Cleom","YearBCAD":-222,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3782,"JulPer":4492,"Dating":"3782 AM, 4492 JP, 222 BC"}
{"Index":2873,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy died before he could help Cleomenes   Plut  in Cleom   He either died of a natural sickness   Polybius        p      or through the wicked practise of his own son  called Philopater  That name means a lover of his father and is said to have been given to him in a sarcastic manner  Justin        c      says this  vv When Ptolemy had murdered his father and his mother   whom Strabo calls Agathoclea  he took Egypt into his hands  Because of his vile deed of murdering his parents  he was surnamed Philopater by the country","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2874,"EventTxt":"We read in Pliny         c      that this Ptolemy was by another nickname  called Triphon  from his effeminate and luxurious fashion of living  In the Fasti Siculi  we find this  vv Ptolemy Philopator  who was also called Gallus  son of Ptolemy Euergetes  was surnamed also Triphon   c","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2875,"EventTxt":"An incorrect copy in the prologue of  Trog  Pompei         wrongly attributed the surname of Tirphon to his father Euergetes  The collector of the great Etymology concurs with him that the other name of Gallus was given to Philopator  He notes  that Philopater was called Gallus because he was wont to go with an ivy bush about his head and other parts of his body as was the custom of the Gauls  who were priests of Cybele  He did this when he observed the holy days of Bacchus  He was so effeminate and debauched with homosexuality and drinking that when he was in his best state and extraordinarily sober  he would even then run about the streets with the dancers and bells gangling about him   Plut  in Cleom   Polybius notes that he spent the whole time of his reign in revellings  He gave himself over to all sensual and filthy lusts of the flesh and to daily drinking and carousing   Polyb        p         Strabo adds         p      that he and all the Ptolemy s came after him grew rich and never managed that state well  This Philopater reigned for   years   CI  Ptol  in Reg  Canone  Clem  Alexan  Porphy  Euseb","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2876,"EventTxt":"Philopator feared his brother  Magas who by the means of his mother Berenice  had ingratiated himself with the army  He consulted with Sosibius  who was his right hand man and with others how to get rid of both of them  This business worried these men quite a lot  They feared lest the great courage of Berenice prevailed and all this matter would come to nothing  Therefore they were forced to flatter all the court and gave them their agreement in great matters in case the business went on and succeeded as they planned  However  Sosibius went further  He talked to Cleomenes  the king of Sparta  who at that time greatly needed the king s help  He was a very wise and politicly astute man and had much experience in matters of the world  When he told Cleomenes of the plot  Cleomenes disuaded him from it  He said that the king had more need of sons and brothers for the security and preservation of his kingdom than to destroy those who he already had  Sosibius had told him that the king could never be sure of the mercenary soldiers as long as Magas was alive  Cleomenes told him not to worry about that for among his mercenaries he had   Greeks from Peloponesus and   from Crete who would follow him if he gave the word  Thereupon Sosibius was encouraged and murdered Berenice and her son Magas  and all their relatives   Polyb        p                in Excerpt  p     and Plut  in Cleom","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2877,"EventTxt":"Philopator had first murdered his father then his mother and now had killed his brother too  As if all had been well with him  he gave himself over to wanton living more than ever  All the court followed him in this life style including his friends at court and his main commanders in the army  The whole body of the army from the highest to the lowest eschewed martial discipline and indulged themselves in taverns and brothels   Justin       p","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2878,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was advised by his counsel  how to put down that rebellion of the two brothers  Molon and Alexander in Media and Persia  Epigenes was the man that secured for Antiochus the loyalty of the army who were gathered together for Seleucus  He and was of great credit and reputation in the army  He advised that Antiochus personally with his army should march against them  However  Hermias  advised the king to go himself into Coelosyria and recover that  He should send Xenon and Theodoras Hemiolius  to subdue the two brothers   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2879,"EventTxt":"During this rebellion and while Antiochus besieged Zeugma in Seleucia  Diognetus his admiral came to him from Cappadocia escorting Laodice the daughter of Mithridates king of Pontus  As soon as she came  Antiochus married her  When he came from the upper regions unto Antioch  he had her proclaimed queen  After this he prepared for the war   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2880,"EventTxt":"At the same time Molon  who had his brother Alexander as his helper in all his affairs  marched with a large army against Xenon and Theodoras  the king s commanders  They were sent into those parts and scared Molon so much that he dared not stay in the fields but secured themselves in walled cities  In this case  Molon had the country of Apollonia behind him and had plenty of provisions   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-221,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3783,"JulPer":4493,"Dating":"3783 AM, 4493 JP, 221 BC"}
{"Index":2881,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Philip the son of Demetrius in Macedonia became king after the death of Antiogonus  his guardian and father in law  He was   years old  Justin       c  ult          c      and reigned   years  Dexip  Porphy  Euseb  and Polybius        p      note that these three  Philip of Macedonia  Ptolemy Philopator of Egypt and Antiochus Magnus of Syria came to their kingdom within the time of the  th Olympiad  Antiochus became king in the first year of it  Ptolemy Philapator succeeded his father in the  rd year  Philip of Macedonia became king in the  th year  Polybius         p      notes further that about that time almost all the kingdoms of the world had new kings  Justin        c      and Polybius also note that Ariarathes  about the same time  became king of Cappadocia","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2882,"EventTxt":"After the death of Antigonus  the Etolians united with the Lacedonians and fought with the Acaeans and Macedonians  Cleomenes asked Philopator of Egypt if he would furnish him with means and some soldiers and allow him to return to his own country  When he knew that Philopator was not going to do this  he then began asking the king more often to allow him and his small company to leave  The king cared little for the business of the state or what would be the result of his actions and paid no attention to Cleomenes  However  Sosibius  who was the chief man of all the rest about the king in the matters of the kingdom  advised along with the rest of the council  to keep Cleomenes   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2883,"EventTxt":"Molon tried to cross the Tigris River to besiege Seleucia  He was prevented by Zeuxis  who had taken all the boats of the river  Molon changed his plans and went to Ctesiphon and made his winter quarters   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2884,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was told that Molon was coming and that his men yielded ground to him  He resolved to abandon going against Ptolemy in Coelosyria  and to march in person against Molon  However  Hermias  did not change his original plans and sent Xonaetas  an Achaean  against Molon with a well outfitted army  Xonaetas had absolute power to use the army to accomplish his ends  Hermias brought the young king back again to Apamaea and there assembled an army for him   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2885,"EventTxt":"Xenaetas came with his army to Seleucia and sent for Diogenes  the king s governor of the province of Susa and for Pythiades the admiral of the Red Sea   Indian Ocean  ed   With their forces he marched with the Tigris River at his back  He camped with his army in the very face of the enemy  The next day  he seized Molon s camp which Molon had left that night  The invading army started drinking and rioting in the camp  When Molon saw his opportunity  he came back the following night and in the dead of night  attacked and recovered his camp  He captured the enemy camp also  Xonaetas was killed while fighting in the darkness by an unknown soldier  Molon came with his army before Seleucia and took it with the first assault because Zeuxis had fled from it along with Diomedon  the governor of the place  He then subdued the whole province of Babylonia  with that which bordered the Red Sea  Indian Ocean  ed   and he took the city of Susa  He left some troops there to besiege the citadel into which Diogenes  their commander had fled  He then returned to Seleucia on the Tigris River and refreshed his army  Of the country that bordered that river  he took it all over as far as Europus  a city in those parts  In Mesopotamia  he controlled all as far as Dura   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2886,"EventTxt":"After that meeting held by Sosibius  Cloemens was committed to custody  He waited for the time when Philopator with his court had gone to Canopus  He let the keepers believe that the king would let him go free soon  While they grew careless about him and lay fast asleep by their heavy drinking  he with his friends  broke out of prison at noon day  He wanted to instigate a rebellion among the people but could not do it  Therefore when he had no hope of escape left  he and his followers killed themselves   Polyb       p      This was   years after his defeat in Laconia   Polyb        p      When Philopator heard of this  he commanded Cleomenes  body to be hung on a cross and executed his mother Cratesiclea and her sons with all the women that attended her   Plut  in Cleome","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2887,"EventTxt":"Antiochus set out with his whole army from Laodicea and when he crossed the desert  he came to the Dale of Marsyas  which lies between the Lebanus and Antilebanus  He spent many days in marching through this dale and captured those places that were on his way or close to it  He finally came to Gerra and Brochos which are two citadels built on the narrow pass which leads into this dale  These were held by Theodotus who was an Etolian and governor of Coelosyria for Philopator  When Antiochus saw these citadels  he planned to attack them  However  when he knew this was a very strong fortification and that Theodotus was very courageous  he abandoned the place and left   Polyb        p      Theodotus was not rewarded by Philopator for this  On the contrary  when he was summoned to Alexandria  he barely escaped with his life   Polyb  p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2888,"EventTxt":"Antiochus heard of the utter destruction and slaughter of his men with their general Xenoetas and of Molon s victory  By this all the upper provinces were lost and controlled by Molon  He abandoned his intended journey and thought about how to regain this lost territory   Polyb        p      Hermias could not oppose the general vote of all the rest in the council who persuaded the king to go  Yet Hermias had his way in one thing  He forged certain letters as written from Molon to Epigenes and put them in a packet with other letters to him  By that means  he had Epigenes put to death  as an informer for Molon  The king marched against Molon  When he came to the Euphrates River  he added to his army the rest of his forces that were there and came to Antioch which is in Mygdonia  This was about the beginning of winter and he stayed there until the next spring   Polyb  p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2889,"EventTxt":"He left there on the  th day after he came to Lybia  He followed the advice of Zeuxis and not of Hermaias and crossed over the Tigris River with all his army  He marched toward Dura  At the news of his approach  the captains of Molon raised the siege of Dura  He went from there and never camped two days in one place  After   days  he passed Oricus and came to Apollonia   Polyb  p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2890,"EventTxt":"Although Molon was quite afraid lest his army would abandon him  he still attacked the king  He made two wings  He put his brother Neolaus in charge of the left wing and led the other himself  When the battle started  his right wing remained loyal to him and fought very stoutly against their kinsmen  However  the left defected to the king  When Molon knew this and saw that he was about to be wholly surrounded by the enemy  he fell upon his own sword  The rest of his friends who had been part of this conspiracy against the king  escaped to their homes and killed themselves  When the wing which Neolaus led surrendered to the king  Neolaus escaped to Persia to Alexander  Molon s brother  When he had killed Molon s mother and his children  he advised Alexander to kill himself and then he committed suicide  The king commanded Molon s body to be hung on a cross in a high place and he castigated his rebel army with bitter words for their foul and disloyal actions toward him  Finally he gave them his hand and received them into his favour and service again  He appointed some to escort them back into Media from where they came and to settle in that province again  Meanwhile  he went down from those upper parts to Seleucia  where Hermias used the inhabitants very harshly  He planned to extract a   talent fine from them  The king reduced the fine to   talents and left Diogenes to govern Media  He made Apollodorus to be president of the province of Susiana  He sent Tychon  the master of the scribes and general of the army into the regions lying upon the Red Sea  Indian Ocean  ed   to govern them   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2891,"EventTxt":"At the time when Antiochus made this war on Molon  Theodotus  the Etolian who was governor under Philopator of Coelosyria  returned from Alexandria  He though that Philopator was a useless fellow and he would have no good thing from his princes  With the troops he had with him  he seized on Ptolemais and Tyre  Through Pamuetolus  he resolved to come to some agreement with Antiochus to place all Coelosyria under his control  This he did a little later   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2892,"EventTxt":"Attalus king of Pergamus had a son born by Apollinis of Cyzicum called Attalus Philadephus who lived   years according to Lucian   in his Macrobiis  About the same time  Antiochus had a son born to him  called Seleucus and surnamed  as it seems  Philopator","YearBCAD":-220,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3784,"JulPer":4494,"Dating":"3784 AM, 4494 JP, 220 BC"}
{"Index":2893,"EventTxt":"Jubilee","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2894,"EventTxt":"After Antiochus  son was born  he planned at attack Ariobarzanes  who had obtained the kingdom of the Atropatians and the other counties in that area  Ariobarzanes feared the coming of the king  He was now old and decrepit and made peace with the king on the best terms he could get   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2895,"EventTxt":"While the war went on between Antiochus and Ariobarzanes  Achaeus besieged Attalus in his capital city of Pergamus and took all the places around there  He made a league with Ptolemy Philopator of Egypt and planned to capture Syria before Antiochus could return to defend it  With the help of the Cyrrhestians  who had revolted from Antiochus  he planned to take over that kingdom  Therefore with his whole army  he left Lydia and marched toward there  When he came to Laodicea in Phrygia  he there placed a crown on his head and began to assume the title of a king  He did this when he received ambassadors from other princes  When he had the opportunity of writing to them  he entertained Siveris  who was banished from his own country  Siveris was the main one who urged him on to be a king  He continued his journey toward Syria  When he came near Lycaonia  his army began to rebel complaining that they were fighting against Antiochus who was their natural king  Thereupon when Achaeus saw that his plans incited such a response  he abandoned them and went no farther  Moreover he told the army that he never planned to lead them into Syria against Antiochus but only to waste the country of Pisidia where he was leading them  That they did and when they enriched themselves with its spoil they returned home again as loyal as ever to him   Polyb        p                p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2896,"EventTxt":"After the war between Antiochus and Ariobarzanes was over  Apollophanes a physician of Seleucia greatly feared Hermias  He figured out a way to bring him into disfavour with the king  Thereupon  the king feigned to be sick and had Hermias taken from his house and murdered by some men he had assigned the task to  It happened at the same time  the wives of Apamea took Hermias  wife and children from her house and stoned them all to death   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2897,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus returned home and sent his soldiers to their winter quarters  he sent messages to Achaeus that contained many threatening words   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2898,"EventTxt":"The Jewish high priest Onias the  nd died and was succeeded by his son Simon the  nd   Joseph        c      He is said by Seal   In Grac  Euseb   to have been high priest for   years","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2899,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of spring  Antiochus called all his army to Apameas  Apollophanes his physician persuaded him to go to Seleucia which is called Pieria  He sent Diognetus his admiral there with his fleet  He sent Theodotus Hermiolius with a suitable company of troops to take over the passes into Coelosyria  He had information from some informers of the Seleucians in the town whom he had won over to him by large amounts of money and greater promises  He captured one of the suburbs and then the city opened their gates to him  When he was inside  he treated the inhabitants very kindly but put garrisons into their citadel and port   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2900,"EventTxt":"While the king was busy in settling matters there  he received letters from Theodotus the Eolian  to ask him to go into Coelosyria  He was now ready to turn it over to the king  Thereupon the king marched toward there  Nicolaus  a captain of Philopator s  discovered this plot and besieged Theodotus in Ptolemais  He was unable to get out to carry out his plans  He sent Lagoras  a Cretian  with Dorymon of Etolia  with troops to hold the pass that entered to Coelosyria near Berytus  Antiochus easily defeated these troops  When Theodotus and Panaetolus saw the siege raised from before Ptolemais where they and their friends were confined  they went and met Antiochus on the way  They turned over Tyre and Ptolemais and all that was in them to Antiochus  They found in both ports    ships which were turned over to Diognetus the admiral   Polyb        p        with       p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2901,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was told that Philopator had gone to Memphis  all Ptolemy s forces were met at Peleusium and the sluices of the Nile were all opened to let the sea in to spoil all the fresh water there  He changed his plans of marching to Peleusium and went into Coelosyria  He went from one place to another and sought to subdue them all  Some he took by force and others surrendered based on the reasonable conditions he offered them  The weaker places mainly yielded to him the first time he asked  The rest remained loyal to Philopator their king and Antiochus spent much time besieging them   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2902,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Philopator took no care for anything  However Agathocles and Cosibius  who managed everything under him  prepared for war  They kept everything as secret as they could so Antiochus would not know what was happening  They secretly solicited help from the states of Cyzieum  Byzantium  Rhodes  Etolia and others to mediate for a peace between the two kings  In the interim  they made all provisions for the war they could  They trained and exercised their men in all kind of feats of chivalry and martial discipline to the best of their ability   Polyb        p              p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2903,"EventTxt":"There was at this time a new war between the Byzantines and the Rhodians  The cause of the war was that the Byzantines were forced to pay a heavy tribute to the Gauls  Hence they charged a toll on every ship that passed by them into the Pontus Sea   Polyb        p             p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2904,"EventTxt":"Thereupon the Rhodians sent to Prusias  king of Bithynia   That is Prusia who in Excerpt  Memnon  c     is surnamed the Lame   They made an alliance with him  Previously  he was normally their enemy  The Byzantines where trying to form an alliance with Attalus and Achaeus who were hostile to Prusias  Therefore he came to this agreement with the Rhodians  They would take the charge of the war at sea and he would conduct the war on land  He immediately seized Hieron which was a port of theirs on the Asian side  This place was previously owned by the merchants who traded into the Pontus but the Byzantines had recently bought them out  They used it for themselves together with all that portion of Mysia in Asia which they had controlled many ages before   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2905,"EventTxt":"When the Byzantines saw what the Rhodians had done with Prusias  they tried to get help from Attalus and Achaeus  Attalus wanted to help but Achaeus was pressing so heavily on him  he could offer very little help  Achaeus  whose dominions stretched far and near on this side the Taurus Mountains and who had recently assumed the title of king  promised them all the help that he could give   Polyb        p      They also sent for Tibites from Macedonia to be their general in this war against Prusias  It was thought that the whole kingdom of Bithynia  belonged as well to Tibites as to Prusias the nephew of Tibites   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2906,"EventTxt":"Prusias feared the coming of his uncle Tibites and pulled down all citadels and places of any strength that were in the kingdom   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2907,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians tried to draw away Achaeus from helping the Byzantines  They sent to Ptolemy and desired him to give them Andromachus  who was at that time a prisoner in Alexandria  They wanted to present him as a gift of their own to his son Achaeus  When this was done along with some other deeds of honour done to him by the Rhodians  the Byzantines lost their main supporter in the war  When Tibites was being escorted from Macedonia  he died in the way  This greatly thwarted their purposes  Cavarus was a petty king of those Gauls who were in Thrace   according to Polybius  in Excerpt  Balesii p     and Athenaus       c      He came at that time to Byzantium and mediated a peace between them  Prusias and the Rhodians  The Byzantines agreed to stop charging any more tolls on their ships and Prusias was to restore what he had taken from Byzantium   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2908,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Mithridates king of Pontus made war on the people of Sinope  who borrowed     drachmas from the Rhodians  They used the money to fortify their city and all that peninsula on which their city was located   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3785,"JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3785 AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2909,"EventTxt":"Antiochus besieged Dura in Phoenicia  a city which CI  Ptolemey calls Dora  Because the place was naturally well fortified  he could not take it  Nicloaus  a captain of Philopater s sent them relief  Because winter was coming  he was contented to make a truce with them for   months  Some ambassadors sent by Philopator persuaded him to do this  He would not grant a longer truce  nor spend more time there than necessary away from his own dominions  It was obvious that Achaeus intended to invade his kingdom and there was no doubt that Philopator was helping Achaeus  Therefore he sent away the ambassadors and put garrisons in suitable places  He left the care of all things there to Theodotus and he returned to Seleucia  He sent his army to their winter quarters but took no care of keeping them in military condition  He thought that the rest of the cities would submit to him without any great deal of fighting because he had already gotten a part of Coelosyria and Phoenicia  He thought he could win the war with words rather than by fighting   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-219,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4495,"Dating":"3786a AM, 4495 JP, 219 BC"}
{"Index":2910,"EventTxt":"However in the spring  events did not unfold as he planned  He took his army from their winter quarters and planned to attack his enemies by sea and land and by force to subdue the remainder of Coelosyria that withstood him   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2911,"EventTxt":"Pilopator committed the charge of all his wars to Nicolaus the Etolian  He made Gaza the storehouse for the war effort and place all his provisions for the war there  He sent his armies by sea and land  He appointed Perigemes the admiral of his naval forces  He had only   fighting ships but had   cargo ships   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2912,"EventTxt":"Antiochus marched as far as Marathos when ambassadors came to him from the isle of Aradus  They desired his friendship  He agreed to this and also settled the differences between them and their neighbours who dwelt on the continent and made them good friends after that  Antiochus entered by the way of Theu prosopon into Phoenicia and came to Berytus  On his way he attacked the Botrys and took it  He burned Treres and Calamus to the ground   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2913,"EventTxt":"Before the main battle  he divided his army into   parts  He gave one part to Theodotus  the other to Menedemus and the  rd he reserved for the sea under the command of Diocles  He had made Diocles the governor of Parapotamia that bordered on the Euphrates River  He had his bodyguards around him for protection  He went to see how the battle was going and to help if needed  Diognetus prepared the naval forces for Antiochus and Perimenes did the same for Philopator  Each kept as close to the land as they possibly could  At last when a general signal was given  the battle was joined on land and sea  At sea neither side won and parted on even terms  On land after a strong fight  Theodotus routed Nicolaus  In the chase    of his men were killed and at least that many taken prisoner  The rest fled into Sidon  When Perigines saw that the land battle was lost  he retreated at sea and came to Sidon  Without delay  Antiochus came there with his whole army and besieged it  He did not attack it because there were many men inside it and they had many provisions to keep them alive   Polyb","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2914,"EventTxt":"When P  Cornel  Scipio and T  Sempronius Longus were consuls at Rome  Hannibal made a difficult crossing of the Alps and came down into Italy in the summer of this year   Livy        This was in the latter end of the  nd year of Olymp    and from that time we indicate the start of the second Carthaginian war or the war of Hannibal  This is described in detail by Polybius and Livy  Silius Italicus describes it in poetry and Appianus Alexandrinus  in his Hannibalica  This war enhanced the fame of the Carthagenians and Romans all over the world  The effect was first felt in Greece  then in Asia  properly so called  and its islands  All men began to look to them and not to Philip  Antiochus or Ptolemy any longer   Polyg        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2915,"EventTxt":"In the same summer that Hannibal came into Italy  Antiochus attacked Palistine  He ordered Diognetus his admiral to take his foot soldiers to Tyre  Antiochus marched with his army to Philoteria  a city seated upon the Lake of Tiberias into which the Jordon River flows  From there the river runs through the country adjoining the city of Scythopolis  which Josephus calls Bethshan in the tribe of Manasseh  When he had captured both of these cities and left garrisons to hold them  he crossed the mountains and came to Atabyrium  This is the city called Tabor and is located on a hill whose top is almost   miles in circumference  Antiochus drew them out in small skirmishes  He had his vanguard go close to the walls and then feign to flee  This they did  When the townsmen came out and pursued them  they were attacked by those who lay in ambush  Many were killed  With the rest of the army  Antiochus attacked and captured the city   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2916,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Keraeas  a commander of Ptolemy Philopator  defected from him to Antiochus  Antiochus received him so graciously that Hippolochus a Thessalian with his   cavalry all defected  Antiochus left a strong garrison in Atabysium  He went and subdued Pella  Camus and Gephrus which surrendered to him  After this great success  the Arabians who bordered on those parts  unanimously joined their forces with those of Antiochus  Antiochus was encouraged by these events and trusted in the resources of Arabia  He marched into the country of Galatis and subdued the area and took the city Abyla  All those  who were under the command of Nicias  came to help them  There remained only Gadara to be taken and was reputed to be by far the strongest city in all that region  Therefore Antiochus came and showed himself before it  He began to cast up his works against them  The very sight of this terrified the inhabitants and they surrendered to him   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2917,"EventTxt":"In the same summer in Pamphylia  the Pednelissenses were besieged by the Slegenses and were in danger of being taken  They sent and asked for help from Achaeus  He immediately sent  oot soldiers and   cavalry under the command of Garsieres  He planned to enter the town by the way of Mylias but found that the passes were controlled by the Selgenses  Thereupon  he feigned as if he would leave  When the Selgenses saw him go  they went their way too  Some went to the camp and others to their harvest which was ready to be gathered  When Gasieres knew this  he turned back quickly and crossed the pass of Mylias near Climax without any opposition  He left a strong guard there and then committed the whole war and defence of Pednelissa to Phaylus  He was going to Perga and stirred up all the people of Pamphylia and Pisidia to come and help the distressed  Thereupon the people of Aspendus sent them   foot soldiers  those of Etenna sent   men  The Slegenses by there rash actions were badly defeated and lost     men  They fled home to Selga  Phaylus closely persuaded them  They were so afraid that they immediately sent Logbasis to sue for peace  Instead  he betrayed them  When a truce was declared  the enemy soldiers came freely into Selga  The town s people sent secretly to Achaeus and put themselves at his mercy to deal with them as he thought best  Meanwhile  Logbasis plotted to betray the town to their enemies  When things were now ripe to do this  his plot was discovered  They executed him  his fellow conspirators and all the enemies in the area  Then  Achaeus seriously began to negotiate a peace between them  The men of Selga were agreeable to this  Thereupon they were to pay   talents of current money and   more later  The Pednelissens were to restore to them all their prisoners without ransom  When Achaeus had gotten Mylias and the greater part of Pamphylia into his hands  he immediately marched to Sardis  After constantly harassing Attalus in war  he began to threaten Prusias   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2918,"EventTxt":"While Achaeus was busy in making war against the men of Selga  Attalus was not idle  He enlisted the Gauls  called the Tectosagi of Europe  He sent for them from Europe to fight against Achaeus because of their reputation for valour  He marched through the cities of Eolis and other nearby cities  They had all submitted to Achaeus out of fear  All Cuma  Smyrna and Phocaea voluntarily yielded to Attalus  Those of Egea and Lemnos yielded to him from fear at his first approach  Ambassadors came to him from the Teians and Colophonians  When they had given hostages  he controlled them subject to the conditions they had before  He continued on and crossed the Lycus River  He came into the country inhabited by the Mysians  He went through that and came to the borders of the Carsenses  He so frightened these people and those who kept Didyma tiche and Themistocles whom Achaeus had left to hold them for him  surrendered them to Attalus  He left there and ravaged all the region of Asia  He passed the hill of Pellicante and camped on the bank of the Megistus River  While he was there  the moon was totally eclipsed  The Gauls were weary of so long an expedition with their wives and children in their company  They pretended that this eclipse was a bad omen and would go no further   Polyb        p      On September  st  near the beginning of the of the night  the moon was eclipsed for more than an hour","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2919,"EventTxt":"Attalus feared lest his Gauls would defect to Achaeus and would attack his countries  They would not do this because of his word that they came from Europe to Asia  He escorted them all back safely to the Hellespont where they first landed  He gave them lands to live on and promised that if at any time later they needed his help he would be ready to aid them  He summoned those of Lampsacus  Alexandria and Ilium to him  He commended them for remaining loyal to him  After this he returned with his army to Pergamos   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3786,"JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3786 AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2920,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was told that a large enemy army was assembled in the Arabian city of Rabatamana or Rabbath Ben Ammon  After Antiochus had plundered all the country around there  he marched toward the city  He came near to the little hills where the city stood and went and viewed the enemy  He learned that there were only two ways to get into the city  Therefore he located his batteries against those two places to break down the wall  Nacarchus was in charge of the one site and Theodotus the other  When they breached the wall  much to their surprise the inhabitants quickly repaired the breaches  Antiochus  men laboured day and night without stopping with all the might they possibly could to get into the city  They were unable to because the damage was repaired as fast as they could inflict it  At last  one of the prisoners in the camp showed them an underground way the inhabitants used to get their water  He quickly sealed it up and the city was forced to surrender for lack of water  When the king had captured the place  he left Nicarchus with a sufficient garrison to hold it  He sent Hippolochus and Kiras who had defected from Ptolemy  with   foot soldiers to the country adjoining Samaria to govern that province  They were to protect his friends in those parts  He went with his army to Ptolemais to winter there   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-218,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4496,"Dating":"3787a AM, 4496 JP, 218 BC"}
{"Index":2921,"EventTxt":"Cn  Servilius started his consulship at Rome on the ides  or  th day of March  Among the omens that happened when the senate did this was  that in Sardinia  the sun was dimmer than it normally is  In Arpi the sun and the moon seemed to fight with each other  Ca  Flamminius the other consul  who was with the army in the spring of this year was disastrously defeated by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene in Etruria  He and     of his men were killed   Livy        On Feburary     there was an eclipse of the sun in Sardinia","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787b AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2922,"EventTxt":"Polybius  Polyb        p      states that as well as that great battle at Trasimene another battle was fought in the east between Antiochus and Philopator over Coelosyria  This was fought toward the later end of the  rd year of the  th Olymp  at a place called Raphia  He describes it thus  vv In the beginning of this spring  Antiochus and Ptolemy had made final preparations for war  The fate of Coelosyria was to be decided in the next battle  Therefore  Ptolemy with     foot soldiers    cavalry and   elephants  left Alexandria   Polyb        p      First  he camped at Pelusium  where he stayed until the rest of his army came to him  When he had given every man his allowance of grain  he marched on through a desert country near the Casius Mountains and the Barathra and came to Gaza  After a five day march  he came to his planned destination and camped within   miles of Raphia  This is the first city of Syria  except for Rhinocorura  which a man meets when he leaves Egypt for Coelosyria   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2923,"EventTxt":"At the same time Antiochus came there with his army of     foot soldiers    cavalry and   elephants  After he passed the walls of Raphia  he camped the first night about   miles and the next day came within   of a mile of Ptolemy s camp   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2924,"EventTxt":"At that time  Theodotus the Etolian  who was previously well known in Ptolemy s court and knew well his daily routine tried to kill Ptolemy  He and two others about break of day  came inside his trenches  The next night they got into the king s pavilion  hoping to kill him alone  However  Dositheus  who was a Jew by birth but no longer observed the Jewish religion  had moved the king to another tent  He had common men occupy the king s bed that night  When Theodotus broke into the kings tent that night  he wounded two of the guards and killed Andraeas  the king s chief physician  So the king returned untouched to his own tent again   Polyb        p       RAPC  Ma","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2925,"EventTxt":"After the armies had camped there for   days  the battle was joined   Polyb        p      When Antiochus appeared to be winning  Arsinoe  Ptolemy s sister  went among the soldiers with her hair hanging about her ears and cried to them that they should fight bravely and defend their own wives and children  She promised them that if they won  they would each be given two pounds in gold  This revitalized the army and they killed many of the enemy and took many prisoners   Polyb               RAPC  Ma","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2926,"EventTxt":"In that fight  Antiochus lost almost     foot soldiers and more than   cavalry    were taken prisoner    elephants were killed in the fight and   died later from their wounds  Ptolemy lost   foot soldiers and   cavalry    of his elephants were killed and the rest were captured   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2927,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus had buried his dead he returned home with the rest of his army  Ptolemy went back again to Raphia and the rest of the places which had been taken from him  They voluntarily surrendered to him and strove to see who would be the first at recognising his kingship  This was particularly true of the Coelosyrians because they were always inclined to serve the Ptolemys  On this occasion  they exceeded all others in honouring him with crowns  sacrifices  altars and other such expressions of their affection   Polyb        p         Ptolemy visited the cities adjoining that place and bestowed gifts on their temples  By this he encouraged the people to remain loyal to him   RAPC  Ma","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2928,"EventTxt":"The Jews sent some of their sanhedrin and elders to offer him their service and to present him with gifts  They congratulated him after so great a victory  It happened that he was more anxious to visit and honour their city with his presence  When he came  he greatly admired the beauty of their temple and would have gone into the Holy of Holies  Only the high priest could enter there and that once a year  When the Jews refused that request  the king wanted all the more to enter it  He went into the temple and all the temple was filled with crying and howling and the city in a tumult  Then Simon the high priest knelt down in the temple  that is between the temple and the altar and prayed to God for help in this time of trouble  Thereupon  the king fell into such a horror of mind and body that he was unable to speak and was carried half dead from the temple   RAPC","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:8-2","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2929,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antiochus was returned to Antioch  he sent Antipater  his brother s son  and Theodotus Hemiolius as his ambassadors to Ptolemy to sue for peace between them  Ptolemy was content with this surprise victory and with the recovery of Coelosyria  After a few sharp words with the ambassadors and complaining about the unjust dealings of Antiochus  he granted a truce for a year  He sent Sosibius to ratify it with Antiochus   Polyb        p     with Justin       c","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787c AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2930,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy had spent three months in Syria and Phoenicia in settling matters there  he left Andromachus from Aspendus in Asia  to govern all that country  He with his sister Arsinoe and his friends returned to Alexandria  His subjects knowing how he lived  marvelled at how he had ended this war against Antiochus  Antiochus ratified the truce in the pretence of Sosibius  Antiochus began a war on Achaeus as he formerly planned to do   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-217,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3787,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4497,"Dating":"3787d AM, 4497 JP, 217 BC"}
{"Index":2931,"EventTxt":"Antiochus spent the winter in making his provisions with all possible care  The next spring he crossed the Taurus Mountains and made a league with Attalus  He started his war on Achaeus   Polyb        p        He besieged Achaeus in Sardis  Daily there were skirmishes between the two sides as each side tried to get the upper hand by any means they could   Polyb       p","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2932,"EventTxt":"When the Gauls  whom Attalus had settled in Hellespont  besieged the city of Ilium  the Alexandrenser  who dwelt in Troas sent their captain Themistas with   men  He expelled them from all the territories of Troas  He kept all the provisions from them and attacked them everywhere  When the Gauls could no longer stay there  they went and took over the city of Arisba and the territories of Abidus  They used that as a base to take over the rest of the surrounding country  Thereupon Prusias  king of Bithynia  went out and attacked them  After he had defeated them  he attacked their camp and slaughtered their wives and children and all the rest of them  He gave their spoil to the soldiers for their reward   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2933,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy returned to Egypt  he resumed his old lifestyle and wallowed in all manner of gluttony and luxury   Polyb        in Excerpt  Hen  Vales p      He grew more and more mad by this kind of living  He indulged himself with uncleanness and lechery  He also vexed the Jews of Alexandria with infamous and false reports spread against them  He tried by all means to turn them away from the true worship of the living God  Those that refused  he commanded to be slain  He expelled them from all offices of dignity  He branded them with hot irons in the face with the sign of an ivy leaf because that was the sign of Bacchus  Those that abandoned their religion  he allowed to enjoy equal rights and privileges with the native Macedonians in Alexandria","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2934,"EventTxt":"Many abandoned their religion and others bought their peace with money  They saved their lives and escaped having their faces branded  Those who continued in the religion of there forefathers  remained loyal to the king but excommunicated and had no dealings those who had apostatized from their religion  By this action  their enemy assumed that they really opposed the king and tried to make his subjects defect  Philopator became very angry with the Jews in Alexandria and throughout all Egypt  He ordered that they be gathered into one place so he could destroy them all  The king s officers were allowed   days to do this  from the  th day of the month Pachon to the  th day of the month Epiphi  according to the fixed year of Alexandria  Some later historians assume without any basis that this calendar was never used until after the naval battle at Actium between Augustus and Anthony  This period was from May  th to July  th  Three days were allotted for the massacre  That is from the  th to the  th of Epiphus  inclusively","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2935,"EventTxt":"Upon the appointed time  the Jews of Alexandria were all brought into the hippodrome  They were first reviled and set at naught by all that passed by  Then the king called for Hermon  the master of the elephants  He ordered him before the next day to make his   elephants to drink with wine mingled with myrrh or frankincense  This would make them grow more fierce and stark mad  He would let them go and drive them on the Jews to tear and trample them all to pieces  The next day  the king fell into a dead sleep and did not awake until dinner time  By that time all the people that came there to see the event had gone home again  On the  rd day  when the elephants were all prepared and ready to attack them    angels appeared who were very terrible to look at  They came down from heaven and so amazed all the people who were there that they stood still and did not move  The king fell into a trance and relented of his fury toward those poor prisoners  Most interestingly  the elephants did not attack the Jews  They turned around and attacked and trampled the soldiers behind them","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2936,"EventTxt":"Then the king commended the Jews for their loyalty and released their fetters  He acknowledged that their God had delivered them  For   days long  from the  th to the  th of Epiphus  July    th  he feasted them  After this the Jews obtained permission from the king to execute those Jews who had apostatized from their religion  They said that those who  for their belly s sake  had forsaken the laws and commandments of their God would never prove loyal to their king  They killed   on the way as they went and came at last to Ptolemias on the Nile River in Arsinoise Nomo  It is called Rhodophorus from the abundance of roses that grew there  Their fleet attended them for   days  There they altogether made a feast of thanksgiving  The king himself gave every man a generous allowance for his homeward expenses  Thereupon they returned home joyfully  Some went by land  others by sea and some by the river  This is described in detail in RAPC  Ma            Phlostorgius in the beginning of his Ecclesiastical History  calls it the Librum portentosum  that is A book of miracles","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2937,"EventTxt":"The Egyptians grew insolent and proud with their success at the battle of Raphia against Antiochus  They never liked Philopator after that  They sought a captain of their own with enough power to quell the like of him  This they did shortly after   Polyb        c","YearBCAD":-216,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3788,"JulPer":4498,"Dating":"3788 AM, 4498 JP, 216 BC"}
{"Index":2938,"EventTxt":"Philopator was now forced to make a war upon his rebelling subjects   Polyb        c     His recent actions ensured the loyalty of the Jews  From Eusebius and Jornandes his Chron  that about this time there were about     Jews killed in a battle  Such a large slaughter has caused Demetrius  who wrote a book of the Kings of the Jews  to think it reasonable to record the years from the captivity of Babylon or the carrying away of the Jews into Assyria down to the reign of this Philopator as recorded by Clemens Alexandrinus         Stromat   From there we gather that this Demetrius the historian  wrote after the days of Philopator but before that vast desolation brought upon the Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes  If he knew of the latter he would have described it in the same terms he did of the former calamities of the Jews","YearBCAD":-215,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3789,"JulPer":4499,"Dating":"3789 AM, 4499 JP, 215 BC"}
{"Index":2939,"EventTxt":"The city of Sardis except the citadel  through the work of Lagoras the Cretian  was taken by Antiochus in the  nd year after he besieged it   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-215,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3789,"JulPer":4499,"Dating":"3789 AM, 4499 JP, 215 BC"}
{"Index":2940,"EventTxt":"Sosibius managed all matters in Egypt under Philopator  He confirmed with Bolis  a Cretian  how to deliver Achaeus  who was besieged in the citadel at Sardis from this danger  Bolis arranged with Cambylus  the captain of the Cretians  who served under Antiochus and got Achaeus out of the citadel but delivered him alive into Antiochus  hands  Antiochus first had his hands and his feet cut off  Then he had his head chopped off and sown in an asses belly  His body was hung on a cross  In the citadel  some held with Ariobazus the governor of Sardis  others with Laodice  the widow of Achaeus and daughter of Mithridates king of Pontus  They were at odds with each other but quickly resolved to surrender themselves and the citadel to Antiochus   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-215,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3789,"JulPer":4499,"Dating":"3789 AM, 4499 JP, 215 BC"}
{"Index":2941,"EventTxt":"Lacydes of Cyrenia  was the master of the new academy for   years  He was the only man who resigned the position while he was alive  He turned it over to Telecles and Evander both of Phocaea   Laert  in Lacyde","YearBCAD":-214,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3790,"JulPer":4500,"Dating":"3790 AM, 4500 JP, 214 BC"}
{"Index":2942,"EventTxt":"Antiochus attacked Media and Parthia and other provinces which had revolted from his ancestors   Appian  in Syriac  in Mitio   He made an expedition against Arsaces  who was the main founder of the Parthian Empire  This is described in detail in the  th book of Polybius   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-212,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3792,"JulPer":4502,"Dating":"3792 AM, 4502 JP, 212 BC"}
{"Index":2943,"EventTxt":"When P  Sulpitius and Cu  Fulvius  were consuls of Rome  the praetor  Laevius made a league with the Etolians in Greece and Attalus king of Pergamus in Asia   Livy       Justin        c     Eutrop         Attalus kept the agreement with the Romans until he died   Polyb  p","YearBCAD":-211,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3793,"JulPer":4503,"Dating":"3793 AM, 4503 JP, 211 BC"}
{"Index":2944,"EventTxt":"M  Attalus and Manius Acilius were sent as ambassadors from Rome to Ptolemy and Cleopatra in Egypt at Alexandria to remind them of the league and to renew it  They gave him a gown and a robe of scarlet with a throne all made of ivory  She received an embroidered gown and a scarlet fur coat   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-210,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3794,"JulPer":4504,"Dating":"3794 AM, 4504 JP, 210 BC"}
{"Index":2945,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Epiphanes was born to Ptolemy Philopator by Euridice  his wife who was also his sister  When he was   years old  he succeeded his father in the kingdom of Egypt   Justin     c         His birthday was first solemnly celebrated by all the great men and others of Syria and the country in his dominion  Every man made a journey to Alexandria to congratulate him on the birth of his son  Among these was Joseph the Jew  the son of Tobias and of the daughter of Simon the Just  the high priest  Joseph was the collector of his tributes throughout Syria  Phoenicia  and Palestine  He sent his youngest son Hyrcanus who was born by the daughter of Solymius  his older brother  to kiss the king s hand  He sent letters to his agent Arion  who had the managing of all his money at Alexandria  He had over   talents there  Arion was to supply him with money to buy the most expensive present for the king that the place had  The most expensive present the king had received was not worth more than   talents  Hyrcanus brought with him   beautiful boys and as many maidens  He gave them   talents to offer to the king  The boys were a gift for the king and the girls a gift for Cleopatra the queen  The king greatly admired this so great and unexpected a present  He royally entertained the young man with all honour and royal gifts  He wrote royal letters of commendation to his father and brethren and to all his commanders and chief officers in those parts  The king dismissed him in a most honourable fashion  However  his brethren  who were   in number but begotten by another wife  were jealous of the great honour the king had given him  They met him on the way and planned to murder him  His father knew of this and did not care because he was angry with him for the extravagant cost of the gift he gave to the king  When his brothers attacked him  he killed two of them and various others in their company  When he came to Jerusalem  no man there would look upon him  He feared the worst  and exiled himself to the regions beyond Jordan   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-209,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3795,"JulPer":4505,"Dating":"3795 AM, 4505 JP, 209 BC"}
{"Index":2946,"EventTxt":"Philippus  king of Macedonia  fought two battles against the Etolians  Although they were helped by Rome  from Attalus the king  and ships from Prusius  king of Bithynia  they were defeated both times  Attalus and P  Sulpitius the proconsul in those parts  wintered that year in the isle of Egina   Livy         Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-208,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3796,"JulPer":4506,"Dating":"3796 AM, 4506 JP, 208 BC"}
{"Index":2947,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring  Sulpitius and Attalus joined together and sailed to Lemnos  From there they came into Eubaea and captured Oreum and Opus  When Attalus heard Prusias had invaded his kingdom  he left the Romans and the war in Etolia and sailed into Asia  Philippus came to Etolia  where he had arranged for the ambassadors from Ptolemy and from the Rhodians to meet him  While they tried to end the war in Etolia  news arrived that Niachanidas the tyrant of Lacedemon  was ready to attack the Eleans while they were busy about their solemn games at Olympus   Livy         This summer began the  rd  Olympiad","YearBCAD":-208,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3796,"JulPer":4506,"Dating":"3796 AM, 4506 JP, 208 BC"}
{"Index":2948,"EventTxt":"Polybius        p      states that Arsinoe the queen and sister of Ptolemy was murdered by Philammon as arranged for by Sosibius  See also  Hen  Vales  Excerpt  p      In Justin         c      we find that Philopator slew Eurydice who was his wife and sister  It seems that Polybius  Arsinoe  Justin s Eurydice and Livy s and Josephus  Cleopatra were all the same person   See notes on   AM     AM","YearBCAD":-207,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3797,"JulPer":4507,"Dating":"3797 AM, 4507 JP, 207 BC"}
{"Index":2949,"EventTxt":"When she was dead  whatever her name was  Philopator fell in love with Agathoclia  a female musician and with her brother Agathocles in a homosexual way  To everyone s amazement  he put Agathocles in charge of his kingdom  He did not know the ways of the court or the state affairs  These two arranged to have their mother Oenauthe taken care of too  She endeared herself into the king s affection also  Agathocles always stayed near the king and ruled the whole state  The women gave all the offices and military positions of the state to whomever they pleased  The king himself  who was now in their hands  could do the least of any man in his own kingdom   Polyb        p       in Excerpt  Vales  p     Justin        c        Plut  in Erotico   in Cleom  Athena        c           c     Hieronym  on Da","YearBCAD":-207,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3797,"JulPer":4507,"Dating":"3797 AM, 4507 JP, 207 BC"}
{"Index":2950,"EventTxt":"The people wanted a man to execute their anger on Agathocles and Agathoclia  They were forced to bide their time for the present and placed their hopes on Tlepolemus   Polyb  p     Excerpt  Vales   This young man behaved himself well and had done military exploits  At that time  he was managing the king s treasure  He used the funds not as an officer but rather like a young heir  He soon disliked and hated the court  Ptolemy the son of Sosibius   of whom I spoke earlier  returned from Philippus in Macedonia with the other ambassadors  It seems they had been sent there the previous year  He began to speak his mind rather freely about Tlepolemus  He found that every man at court agreed with him   Polyb        p          Excerpt  Vales","YearBCAD":-207,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3797,"JulPer":4507,"Dating":"3797 AM, 4507 JP, 207 BC"}
{"Index":2951,"EventTxt":"This discontent was fanned when the courtiers in an public assembly complained about Tlepolemus  Tlepolemus on the other side planned to accuse them all to the king  Sosibius heard this  He had both the keeping of the king s seal and custody of his person  He gave the seal to Tlepolemus who did all things after this in the state as he wished   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-206,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3798,"JulPer":4508,"Dating":"3798 AM, 4508 JP, 206 BC"}
{"Index":2952,"EventTxt":"During the consulship of P  Cornel  Scipio and P  Licimus Crassus  the college of the Decemviri found this written in the books of the Sibylla which they kept  It said  vv Whenever a foreign enemy should make war on Italy  he might be driven out again and overcome if the image of the mother of the gods at Ida  which fell from heaven  were sent for and brought to Rome","YearBCAD":-205,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3799,"JulPer":4509,"Dating":"3799 AM, 4509 JP, 205 BC"}
{"Index":2953,"EventTxt":"Thereupon    ambassadors were sent to king Attalus to desire the image from him and to bring her by sea to them  These    each had a ship of five tiers of oars for the journey  To obtain a favourable reply  as soon as they arrived they were to ingratiate themselves and to promote a good opinion of the Roman name and majesty of their state  Attalus received and entertained these ambassadors at Pergamus very kindly  He led them to Pessinuntis in Phrygia and turned over to them that sacred stone which the people who lived there said was the mother of the gods  He asked them to carry it to Rome as they desired   Livy","YearBCAD":-205,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3799,"JulPer":4509,"Dating":"3799 AM, 4509 JP, 205 BC"}
{"Index":2954,"EventTxt":"In the prologue to the  th of Tragus  it is noted that Antiochus  expedition subdued all the upper provinces of Asia as far as Bactria  There he spent a long time trying unsuccessfully to expel Euthydemus from that province  He was finally forced to come to an agreement and make a league with him  To ratify this  Euthydemus sent his own son  Demetrius  to Antiochus  Antiochus saw his behaviour and judged him a man worthy to be a king  First he promised to give him one of his daughters to marry  Then he gave his father permission to assume the title of king  Lastly  they subscribed to the other articles of the league between them  He took his oath for the true observance of them  Antiochus distributed provisions generously among his soldiers and moved his camp  Euthydemus had given him all the elephants which he had with him   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-205,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3799,"JulPer":4509,"Dating":"3799 AM, 4509 JP, 205 BC"}
{"Index":2955,"EventTxt":"Antiochus crossed the Caucasus Mountains and re entered India  He renewed the league and friendship he had made previously with King Sophagasenus  He gave Antiochus more elephants  He distributed more grain among his army and so returned  He left Androsthenes of Cyzucum  to bring him later the treasure which Spophagasenus had promised him   Polyb          p","YearBCAD":-205,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3799,"JulPer":4509,"Dating":"3799 AM, 4509 JP, 205 BC"}
{"Index":2956,"EventTxt":"He then came to Arachosia  He crossed the river Erymanthus and went through the country of Drangia and came into Carmania  Since winter was coming  he placed his troops about the country  Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2957,"EventTxt":"The Romans made a peace with Philippus king of Macedonia  The parties to the league were Philippus  Prusias the king of Bithynia  the Romans  the state of Ilium and Attalus the king of Pergam   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2958,"EventTxt":"Philopator died at Alexandria  Ptolemy surnamed Epiphanes  that is the noble succeeded him  Appianus in his Syriac  surnames him also Philopator  after his father s surname  He assumed the throne when   years old according to Hieronym  on Da    Justin says he was   years old  He reigned   years   CI  Ptolem  in Reg  Can  Clemens Alexandr  Porphys  Euseb  and Jerome","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2959,"EventTxt":"Philopator s death was concealed for a long time  while Agathoclia and Oenanthe her mother  rifled the king s treasury  They got all his money and put the affairs of state under the control of their lewd companions   Justin       c      Finally  Agathocles assembled the leaders of the Macedonians  He came with his sister Agathoclia and the young king  He told them that when the king was dying he committed the care of the child to his sister  He produced the testimony of Critolaus  who said that Tlepolemus was about to invade the kingdom and become the next king of Egypt  He said the same things wherever he went  The people scorned him  To make his disagreement with Tlepolemus more obvious to everyone  he took Danae  Tlepolemus  mother in law  from the temple of Ceres  He dragged her through the open streets and put her in prison  He laid hands on Moeragenes  one of the guard  because he gave information of all these things to Tlepolemus and favoured him   He could do no less  in regard of that friendship that was between him and Adaeus  the governor of Bubastis   Agathocles turned him over to his secretary Nicostratus to be tortured  However  he mysteriously escaped the rack and got away stark naked  He fled to the Macedonians and stirred them up against Agathocles   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2960,"EventTxt":"When all the people came flocking to the court in a tumultuous manner  Agathocles took the king with him and went and hid himself in a place called Syringes  This was a gallery or walkway which had on all sides   walls and gates to go through before one could come to it  The Macedonians forced him to deliver the king to them  When they had received him  they brought him out to the people and put him on a royal throne  This was a great joy and comfort to all who saw him  Shortly after this  they brought out Agathocles who was well fettered  The first person that met him  cut his throat  Then Nico was brought and then Agathoclia with her sisters and all that generation of them  Finally Oenanthe was hauled from the temple  They were all stark naked and placed on a jade and were brought into the Piatsoe  They were all turned over to the people to do with as they liked  Some started tearing them with their teeth  some lanced them with their knives and others pulled out their eyes  Any who were killed were pulled to pieces until there wqs nothing left  At the same time also  the maidens who attended Arsinoe while she lived  heard that Philammon was come from Cyrene to Alexandria  He was mainly responsible for her murder  They broke into his house and slew him with staves and stones  They found and strangled his little child  They dragged his wife stark naked into the street and cut her throat   Polyb        p            When the fury of the people was spent  the management of the affairs of the kingdom was committed to Aristomenes  who was born in Acarnania   Polyb        p             p         He was made governor of the king and kingdom and administered its affairs with a great deal of moderation and wisdom   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2961,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus the king of Syria and Philippus the king of Macedonia  heard of the death of Philopator  they plotted how to get and divide his kingdom between them  They encouraged one another and planned to murder the young king   Polyb        p     Livy        Justin        c      Polybius        p      says this  vv When Ptolemy the king was died  Antiochus and Philippus agreed together to share the estate of the young king between them  Philip started this wicked deed by capturing Egypt and Caria and Antiochus took over Coelosyria and Phoenicia","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2962,"EventTxt":"Jerome on Da   says  Philippus  king of Macedonia and Antiochus the Great  conspired together and made war on Agathocles   he should have said  Aristomenes  and the young king Ptolemy Epiphanes  The condition was that each would take his dominions which bordered his own kingdom","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2963,"EventTxt":"Josephus        Antiq  c      gives us more information where he says  vv When Antiochus Magnus reigned in Asia  both Judea and Coelosyria lived in a continual state of trouble  There was a constant war going on  First Antiochus fought with Philopator and later with Epiphanes his son  Whether he won or lost these countries were blighted by him and were tossed and tumbled between his prosperous and adverse fortunes like a ship in the sea between contrary waves  Finally Antiochus had the upper hand and added Judea to his dominions  When Philopator was dead  Epiphanes sent a large army into Coelosyria under his general Scopas  He recovered both Coelosyria and our country for him again   c","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2964,"EventTxt":"He basically said that Antiochus after a long war with Philopator and Epiphanes over of the land of Judea took it finally from Epiphanes  Epiphanes by his general Scopas  recovered it from him again  However he lost it a second time to Antiochus  Eusebius missed this and says that in the  th year of Philopater  vv Antiochus had overcome Philopater and added Judea to the rest of his dominions","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2965,"EventTxt":"In the first year of Epiphanes  Eusebius in his Chron  says  vv Ptolemy Epiphanes  by his General Scopas  took Judea","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2966,"EventTxt":"However after Antiochus  defeat at Raphia  we do not find anywhere that he made war on Philopater again  The league  which was made after that battle  was first broken by Antiochus in the very first year of Epiphanes  Scopas was not in charge of that war as appears later  This is shown by Jerome on Da     where he says  vv When Ptolemy Philopator was dead  Antiochus broke the league he made with him  He led an army against Ptolemy  son  who was then only   years old and was surnamed Epiphanes","YearBCAD":-204,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3800,"JulPer":4510,"Dating":"3800 AM, 4510 JP, 204 BC"}
{"Index":2967,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Servilius Caepio and Cn  Servilius Geminus were consuls in Rome  at Frusino the sun seemed to be surrounded with a little circle and then that circle again was surrounded by a greater body of the sun   Livy        This seems to have been the total eclipse of the sun that happened on May  th according to the Julian Calender","YearBCAD":-203,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3801,"JulPer":4511,"Dating":"3801 AM, 4511 JP, 203 BC"}
{"Index":2968,"EventTxt":"The Carthaginians were worn down with the continual victories of P  Scipio and gave up hope of defeating him  They recalled Hannibal from Italy to help them  After Hannibal was   years in Italy  he left and returned to Africa   Livy","YearBCAD":-203,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3801,"JulPer":4511,"Dating":"3801 AM, 4511 JP, 203 BC"}
{"Index":2969,"EventTxt":"Philippus  king of Macedonia  sent Heraclides a Tarentine  and a most vicious fellow to Rhodes to destroy their fleet  He then sent ambassadors to Crete to stir them up to a war against the Rhodians   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-203,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3801,"JulPer":4511,"Dating":"3801 AM, 4511 JP, 203 BC"}
{"Index":2970,"EventTxt":"There was a naval battle between Philippus king of Macedonia and the Rhodians near the Isle of Lada  He captured   of their ships of   tiers of oars a piece  The rest of their fleet fled into the open sea  They were beset by a bad storm and driven ashore  first on Myndia and the next day on Cos  The Macedonians followed the ships which they had taken at their sterns and went into Lada which is opposite Miletus  They refreshed themselves in the Rhodian camp which they had left  When the Milesians knew of this  they gave Philippus and Heraclides crowns when they entered Miletus   Polyb        p         in Excerpt  Vales  p        from Zeno and Antisthenes  two Rhodian historians","YearBCAD":-203,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3801,"JulPer":4511,"Dating":"3801 AM, 4511 JP, 203 BC"}
{"Index":2971,"EventTxt":"Philippus needed grain and continued to waste all Attalus  country  even to the very walls of Pergamus  He could not take any one of his cities because they were so well fortified  Neither could he get grain or other spoil from the country because Attalus had anticipated his actions  Then he attacked the temple and altars and destroyed them  He broke the very stones of them in pieces so that they might never be put together again  He utterly destroyed the Nicephorian Grove planted near the city of Pergamus and levelled to the ground many temples and shrines in the area  Phillipus left there and went first towards Thyatira but then turned back again  He went to a field called Thebes and hoped to get some booty there  He was unsuccessful and went to a place called Hiera Come  He sent messengers to Zeuxis  the governor of Lydia under Antiochus and asked him for provisions for his army according to the peace treaty between Antiochus and Philippus  At first Zeuxis acted as if he would honour the treaty  However he resolved to do nothing to help Philippus   Polyb        in Excerpt  Vales  p       with Diod  Sic  ib   p","YearBCAD":-202,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3802,"JulPer":4512,"Dating":"3802 AM, 4512 JP, 202 BC"}
{"Index":2972,"EventTxt":"Philippus had another naval battle against Attalus and the Rhodians near the isle of Chios    Rhodians and   men of Attalus were killed  Philippus lost   of his Macedonians and  f his confederates    Macedonians and   Egyptians were taken prisoner  Even though Philippus was defeated  he maintained his honour in two ways  He forced Attalus to flee to Erythrae  He had captured his admiral and chased the ships to their port       Secondly  when he landed on the shore at Argenaum  a cape in Ionia  he made his stand to recover what he could of his navy   Polyb","YearBCAD":-202,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3802,"JulPer":4512,"Dating":"3802 AM, 4512 JP, 202 BC"}
{"Index":2973,"EventTxt":"When Philippus besieged Prinassa  a city of Caria  he was unable to take it by force  However  he captured it finally by a stratagem   Polyb        p        He put garrisons into Iaslus  Bargyllis and the city of Euromenses   Polyb        p            p","YearBCAD":-202,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3802,"JulPer":4512,"Dating":"3802 AM, 4512 JP, 202 BC"}
{"Index":2974,"EventTxt":"P  Cornelius Scipio utterly defeated Hannibal in Africa in the last battle of the second Carthaginian war  We read in Zonaras that the Carthaginians were amazed by a total eclipse of the sun which happened at this time  However  there was no total eclipse  Livy          says that indeed the body of the sun at Zama seemed to be somewhat darkened  By the astronomical tables we know that there was a very small eclipse of the sun this year upon the  th of our October  Some say that Hannibal fled from the battle and came to the sea side where he found a ship ready for him  He sailed directly into Asia to king Antiochus  When Scipio demanded Hannibal from the Carthaginians  they replied that he was no longer in Africa   Livy        Others more correctly say that Scipio never demanded him at all from them   Plutarch in T  Q  Flamonino","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2975,"EventTxt":"When Philippus came toward Abydus  they shut their gates against him  They would not even let his messengers in whom he sent to them  He besieged the place for a long time  So they could be delivered from him  they wanted Attalus and the Rhodians to hurry to help them  Attalus sent them only   men and the Rhodians who with their whole fleet anchored at Tenedus  sent them only one ship of four tiers of oars to help  The walls of the city were surrounded with engines of war  At first the men in Abydus kept Philippus  men off very manfully  They were unable to get in by land or sea  Later a breach was made in the main wall and they had cast up another within it  The Macedonians went to undermine that wall also  Then they were forced to send to Philip  to conditionally surrender  They wanted safe conduct for the Rhodian ship with the soldiers and mariners and for Attalus  men that were in the town  Lastly that they might leave with only their clothes on their backs  They could get no answer from him  unless they surrendered themselves wholly and absolutely to his mercy  Therefore in indignation and despair they became very angry  They made   of their leaders swear publicly that if they saw the inner wall taken by the enemy  they would go and kill every man s wife and children and throw his silver  gold and jewels into the sea  When that was done  the soldiers agreed that either they would vanquish their enemies or die fighting for their country   Livy       Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2976,"EventTxt":"About the same time Attalus and the Rhodians sent ambassadors to Rome  They complained of the wrongs done to them by Philippus and his Macedonians  They were told that the senate would take care of the affairs of Asia   Livy        with Justin       c","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2977,"EventTxt":"Three ambassadors were sent from Rome to Ptolemy and Antiochus to put an end to all differences between them  The ambassadors were  C  Clau  Nero  Mar  Emil  Lepidus and P  Sempronius Tuditanus  They came to Rhodes and heard of the siege of Abydus  They wanted to talk with Philippus  However  they followed their orders and continued on their journey to Ptolemy and Antiochus for the present time  They sent Emilius the youngest of the three  to Philippus  He met with him at Abydus and told him that the senate of Rome wanted him to stop making war on any Greek city  He was not to lay hands on anything that belonged to Ptolemy king of Egypt  If he did  he might live in peace  If he did not  he should know that the Romans were resolved and ready to make war on him  Philippus returned this reply  vv Thy age  good appearance and above all the name of a Roman makes thee speak thus boldly  However  I would tell you to remember the league and to keep peace with me  If not  I am also resolved to do my best and to make you know and feel that the power and name of a Macedonian is in no way inferior to or less noble than that of a Roman   Livy       with Polyb  p","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2978,"EventTxt":"Justin         c      states that M  Emil  Lepidus also was sent by the Romans into Egypt to govern the kingdom of Egypt on behalf of this young Ptolemy Epiphanes  There may be one of two reasons why this happened  They may have received an embassy sent to them from Alexandria to take over the guardianship of the young king and to defend the kingdom of Egypt  Antiochus and Philippus were said to have already divided the kingdom between them   Justin       c      Another possibility is that the father on his death bed committed to them this charge   Justin       c      Concerning this Valer  Max         c      says this  vv The king Ptolemy had left the people of Rome as the guardian of his son while he was under age  Therefore the senate sent M  Emil  Lepidus  the High Pontiff and one that had been then twice consul to Alexandria  He was to take care of the child s estate  He was a very honest and a most upright man  He was well versed in their own affairs and exercised his duty for the benefit of Egypt  not himself","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2979,"EventTxt":"For he thought that this man had executed the office of a guardian in Egypt while he was High Pontiff and when he had been already twice consul in Rome  However Epiphanes died before that happened  The reason for the error is this  He had seen some coins containing both the titles of Lepidus  position and his office as a guardian in Egypt  For to this day  there are still some silver coins to be found with this inscription  On the one side it says  Alexandrea  On the other it has  S  C  M  Lepidus Pont  Max  Tutor Reg  On the image side is a picture of a man putting a crown on a young man s head who is standing on his right with a sceptre in his hand","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2980,"EventTxt":"When the Athenians saw their territory wasted by Philippus  they sent and asked aid from all parts  from the Romans  from the Rhodians  from Attalus and from Ptolemy   Livy","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2981,"EventTxt":"Thereupon the ambassadors of the Romans and Rhodians met with Attalus in Athens  By common consent they agreed to help them  For this the Athenians presently decreed excessive honours  first to Attalus and then to the Rhodians  They went so far as to call one of their own tribes after his name and added it to their ten that they had before   Livy       Polyb  Legat     p","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2982,"EventTxt":"While the Romans were busy preparing for war against Philippus  ambassadors from Ptolemy or rather from his guardians arrived in Rome  They were informed that the Athenians had needed help from the king against Philippus  Although they were confederates both of the kings and the Romans yet Ptolemy would not send any military support without the consent and authority of the people of Rome  They said that if the Romans would help the Athenians  Egypt would keep out of it  If the Romans did not want to get involved  he could easily supply the Athenians enough forces to overcome Philippus  The senate decreed that the king should be thanked for his kindness and to tell him that the Romans planned to defend and maintain their own friends and confederates themselves  If they needed anything for the war  they would tell him  They knew very well that the king s military forces were very great and were needed for the defence of his own state  The senate ordered presents to be sent to the king s ambassadors  Each received   pieces of brass money   Livy","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2983,"EventTxt":"In the year   for so it is in the Greek manuscript at Lambeth   not    as in the common edition of the second period of Calippus      of Nabonassar  the  th day of the month Mesor  the  nd of our September    hours after noon  the sun was eclipsed at Alexandria   CI  Ptol        c      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-201,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3803,"JulPer":4513,"Dating":"3803 AM, 4513 JP, 201 BC"}
{"Index":2984,"EventTxt":"Toward the later end of autumn  Consul P  Sulpitius Galba  crossed over with an army into Macedonia against Philippus  He was met by ambassadors from Athens who desired that he would raise the seige  Thereupon he sent C  Claudius Cento with a certain number of ships full of soldiers to relieve Athens  Philippus himself did not besiege it but was engaged with the siege of Abydus   Livyl","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2985,"EventTxt":"The men of Abydus recalled their oath and fought so hard that when the night should have ended the fight between them  Philippus was amazed at their courage or rather at their rage in fighting  He was forced to withdraw and to sound a retreat  Glaucides and Theognetus conferred with some of the elders of the town  These had the hardest part to play in this tragedy  They saw that after the fight  there were but few of their men left and these were wearied with wounds and blood which they had lost  As soon as it was day  they sent their priests  in their robes to surrender the town to Philippus  When the town people knew of this  they immediately were so desperate with rage that each man ran to kill his wife and children  They then killed each other  The king was amazed at their fury and ordered his soldiers to stay away  He said that he would give the Abydenians   days to die  In that time they did more barbarous acts of cruelty on themselves than they would have expected from an enraged enemy  None was taken alive by the enemy that was not in prison and who was free to kill himself  The king seized their wealth which they had brought all into one place to destroy it  He left a garrison in the place and departed   Livy       Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2986,"EventTxt":"When he came to Bargyllii  he was very troubled to see the Romans  Rhodians and Attalus allied to make war against him  When his army was almost famished  Zeuxis the governor of Lydia and the cities of Mylassa  Alabanda and Milesia sent him some small provisions to relieve them  Against his nature  he flattered any that brought him supplies  When they stopped  he plotted against them  Philocles advised a plan to take Mylassa  When it failed through his own folly  Philippus went and wasted the territory of the Alabandi  These were his good benefactors but he treated them like public enemies  The only reason he gave was that his soldiers needed food   Polyb        in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2987,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the second period of Calippus  in the  th year of Nabonassar  on the  th of the month Machir about midnight  in the beginning of March  th  there was a total eclipse of the moon at Alexandria   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2988,"EventTxt":"The next summer the Romans  with the help of Attalus and the Rhodians made war on Philippus and his associates in Macedonia   Livy","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2989,"EventTxt":"Scopas  the head man of all Etolia  was sent from Alexandria by Ptolemy  with a great quantity of money  He hired   foot soldiers in addition to cavalry and shipped them away to Egypt  He would have left no one who could serve in the military if he had his way  However  Damocritus reminded them of the war which they were ready to engage in and of the weakness of the country if they all went  For this reason a large number of the men that were going changed their minds and stayed home  It is uncertain whether he did this out of a true zeal for his country or if Scopas did not bribe him as he did with others   Livy","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2990,"EventTxt":"About this time Josephus  the son of Tobias  died  The people of Jerusalem were thrown into an uproar by the quarrel of his sons  The older brothers tried to make war on their youngest brother Hyrcanus  of whom I spoke before  Many of the Jews favoured the older brothers including  Simon the high priest because of his family ties   Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2991,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the second period of Calippus  in the  th year of Nabonassar  on the  th of the month Mesor  at three o clock after midnight  on September the  th there was a total eclipse of the moon at Alexandria   CI  Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2992,"EventTxt":"Before the autumnal equinox  Oreum surrendered to Attalus  He was present at the feast of Eueusis in Athens  When he had sent home Agesimbrotus and the Rhodians  he returned into Asia   Livy","YearBCAD":-200,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3804,"JulPer":4514,"Dating":"3804 AM, 4514 JP, 200 BC"}
{"Index":2993,"EventTxt":"After Simon the  nd died  his son Onius the  rd succeeded him in the high priesthood of the Jews   Josephus       c         He was a good man  He was gracious  well respected  meek and very cautious in his speech  From his youth he behaved in a very virtuous manner  APC  Ma     In the Fasti Siculi  for here Scaliger s Greek Eusebian Fragments fail us   he is said to have been high priest for   years","YearBCAD":-199,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3805,"JulPer":4515,"Dating":"3805 AM, 4515 JP, 199 BC"}
{"Index":2994,"EventTxt":"Ptol  Epiphanes sent a large army under the command of Scopas into Coelosyria  By force  he recovered many cities for Ptolemy including Jerusalem   Josephus Antiquit        c      Polybius adds          vv Scopas  the general of Ptolemy s army  marched into the upper regions and subdued the country of the Jews in the winter season","YearBCAD":-199,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4515,"Dating":"3806a AM, 4515 JP, 199 BC"}
{"Index":2995,"EventTxt":"Jerome on Da   says this  vv When Antiocus held Judea  Scopas the Etolian was sent as general of Ptolemy s forces  He fought valiantly against Antiochus and captured Judea and returned into Egypt","YearBCAD":-199,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4515,"Dating":"3806a AM, 4515 JP, 199 BC"}
{"Index":2996,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Antiochus invaded Attalus  kingdom which at that time was undefended because its forces were employed for the Romans in the Macedonian war   Livy","YearBCAD":-199,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4515,"Dating":"3806a AM, 4515 JP, 199 BC"}
{"Index":2997,"EventTxt":"When the senate of Rome had entertained complaints made by Attalus  they sent their ambassadors to Antiochus  They told him that the Romans at that time made use of Attalus  military forces against the Macedonians  a common enemy to both of them  The Romans would be pleased if he did not meddle with the kingdom of Attalus  It was befitting that the kings that were in league and friendship with the people of Rome should also live in peace among themselves  When Antiochus heard this  he withdrew and ceased from any further war against Attalus  Attalus sent his ambassadors to the senate of Rome to thank them for this great favour they did for him  He gave them a crown of gold of   pounds for the capitol   Livy","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4516,"Dating":"3806b AM, 4516 JP, 198 BC"}
{"Index":2998,"EventTxt":"At this time  two fleets from Asia  the one under Attalus the king  consisting of   ships of   tiers of oars a piece and the other from Rhodes of   fighting ships commanded by Agesimbrotus joined the Roman fleet  They pursued Philippus as fast as they could   Livy","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4516,"Dating":"3806c AM, 4516 JP, 198 BC"}
{"Index":2999,"EventTxt":"That summer  Antiochus took in all the cities of Coelosyria which Ptolemy controlled   Livy        When Antiochus defeated Scopas in a battle  he recovered all the cities of Syria and grew friendly and favourable to the Jewish nation   Chron  Euseb","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3806d AM,4516JP, 198BC"}
{"Index":3000,"EventTxt":"Antiochus met Scopas at the head of the river Jordan  where the city Paneas was later built and defeated him  When he had recovered the cities which Scopas had taken from him along with Samaria  the Jews voluntarily submitted to him  They received his whole army with his elephants into their city and supported and helped them  in the siege of the citadel where Scopas had put a garrison  Josephus  Antiqu        c      confirms this from a letter which Antiochus wrote to Ptolemy  the captain of the garrison  He states from Polybius         that after the defeat of Scopas  Antiochus took in Batanea  Samaria  Abila and Gadara  The Jews who lived at Jerusalem where the famous temple was  surrendered to him  Antiochus took and destroyed Gaza which withstood him and sided with Ptolemy  All this is written also in the same book of Polybius  See Vales  Excerpt   p","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3806d AM,4516JP, 198BC"}
{"Index":3001,"EventTxt":"Zeno Rhodius  in his Local History  mentioned by Laertius         has described in detail this battle between Antiochus and Scopas at Panias near the source of the Jordan River  This with other excerpts of his from Polybius  the most learned Henry Valesius has given us   p            Antiochus routed Scopas and pursued him to Sidon  He besieged him with     troops  Ptolemy sent to rescue him    famous captains  Eropus  Menocles and Damozenus  They were unable to raise the siege  Finally Scopas surrendered from hunger and he and his troops were allowed to leave the place  stark naked   Jerome on Da","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3806,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3806d AM,4516JP, 198BC"}
{"Index":3002,"EventTxt":"By that victory at Panias  Antiochus recovered all Phoenicia  Coelosyria and the other cities of the country  Although Syria belonged rightfully to the kings of Egypt   Justin        c      he left them to be held after this by the kings of Syria   Polyb  Legat     p      Antiochus returned to winter in Antioch   Livy","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4516,"Dating":"3807a AM, 4516 JP, 198 BC"}
{"Index":3003,"EventTxt":"In the  st year of Nabonassar and the   years proceeding  the  th day of the month Athyr  which is unmoveable  to the  st  as Plutarch in his book  De Iside   Osyride  tells us  the Egyptians celebrated the feast of Isis  This was on December  th as we have shown in the  th chapter of our book  De Macedonum   Asianorum  anno Solari  Eudoxus placed the winter solstice at this time  When Dositheus notes this in his Octaeris   which  Censorinus tells us was attributed to Eudoxus  or in his Parapegma annexed to it which he published at Coloniae near Athens   or rather at Coloni in Eolia   Hence it came to pass that the Greeks were of the opinion mentioned by Geminus  c     of his astronomical work   that the feast of Isis was always kept on the winter solstice  This was the shortest day of the year  He there also shows this error was formerly noted in Eratosthenes  in his commentary De Octtaeride","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4516,"Dating":"3807a AM, 4516 JP, 198 BC"}
{"Index":3004,"EventTxt":"In this winter season  Philippus came to talk with the Roman consul  Ti  Quinctius Flaminius  He wanted to know the conditions of peace  Among the conditions that Flaminius mentioned was that Philippus should restore to Ptolemy  king of Egypt  all the cities which he had taken since the death of Ptolemy Philopator  his father   Polyb        p     Livy","YearBCAD":-198,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4516,"Dating":"3807a AM, 4516 JP, 198 BC"}
{"Index":3005,"EventTxt":"In the same year there was an earthquake between the two islands of Theramene  or Thera  and Therasia  in the middle of the sea between them  This created a new island with hot springs  The same day in Asia an earthquake shook Rhodes and many other cities and destroyed many houses there  Some cities were completely swallowed up whole  Thereupon their priests and soothsayers predicted that the rising Roman Empire would swallow up and devour the kingdoms both of Macedonia and Asia   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807b AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3006,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of spring  Flaminius sent for Attalus to come to him to Elatia  He went with him to Thebes to try to persuade the Boeotians to join the league with the Romans  Attalus made a speech to them and spoke with more force than his voice could endure  He was now grown old and he suddenly became speechless and fell down  He was sick in Thebes and one side of his body was paralysed  Quintius saw that he was in no danger of dying but needed time to recover from the weakness of his body  He left him there and returned to Elatia from where he came   Livy in the beginning of  rd book  printed at Rome  from the manuscript of Bamberg and at Paris   AD with Plutarch in the life of Quinc  Flamin","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807c AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3007,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Antiochus sent his two sons  Ardues and Mithridates  ahead of him by land and wanted them to wait for him at Sardis  He set sail with   fighting ships and other smaller vessels and planned to try to do what he could with the cities of Caria and Cilicia which were controlled by Ptolemy  He hoped to assist Philippus by sea and land  He first took over Zephyrium  Soli and Aphrodisias  He rounded the cape of Anemurium  a foreland of Cilicia  Selinus and other towns  cities and citadels all along that coast surrendered without resistance to him either from fear or to court his favour  At last he came to Coracesium  which much to his surprise  shut their gates to him   Livy","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807c AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3008,"EventTxt":"While Antiochus besieged Coracesium  Rhodes sent him ambassadors to him  They told him that if he did not stay on the other side of Nephelis  a cape of Cilicia  they would oppose him  This was not for any grudge they had against him but to keep him from joining with Philippus and that he might not interfere with the Romans who had now undertaken to procure and maintain the liberty of Greece  When he heard this  he controlled his anger  He told them only that he would send his ambassadors to Rhodes to deal with this matter  They had instructions to renew the leagues formerly made between them and him and his forefathers  They were to tell them not to fear his coming to them for he would do no harm to them or any of their friends  He would not infringe on his friendship with the Romans  His reply satisfied them   Livy","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807c AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3009,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians laid claim to Peraea  opposite Rhodes on the continent of Asia  It had been always in the possession of their ancestors but was now invaded and occupied by Philippus  At this time Pausistratus  the Rhodian general had routed Dinocrates and the Macedonians  Had he followed up on the victory and marched straight to Stratonicea  it was his for the asking  However  they returned to their camp and this gave Dinocrates with the rest of his army time to get into the city  The Rhodians were unable to take it  This story is described in more detail by Livy","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807c AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3010,"EventTxt":"Attalus was carried sick from Thebes to his city Pergamus by sea and died there   Livy       Polyb  p     Plut  in Quin  Flamin   He lived   years and was king for   years   Livy       Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p     and in Suidas  in the word Attalus   Strabo says he reigned only for   years         p      He was survived by his wife Apollonius of the city of Cyzicum and   children  Eumenes  Attalus  Philetaetes and Athenaeus   Livy        Eumenes  who was the oldest  succeeded him in the kingdom   Strabo        p       Plut  in his book of brotherly love  Plutarch states that the two younger brothers though both brave and lusty spirits  yet lived in deep respect of Eumenes  They were like guards about him for the preservation of his crown and dignity   Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p     and Suidas  in the word Attalus   Thereupon it was that their mother would often say that she was a happy woman not because of her wealth or that she was a queen but because she saw her   younger sons to be excellent guards of the oldest son  The two sons always had their swords with them  yet Eumenes lived in the midst of them without the least dread or fear of them   Plut  in his book of brotherly love  The filial duty and respect which they all bore to Apollonis or Apollonias  his mother is described in more detail in Polybius  in Excerpt  Vales  p         and in Suidas   in the word Apollonias","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807c AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3011,"EventTxt":"Philippus  army of foot soldiers and cavalry were defeated in the battle fought at Cynoscephalas  in the country of Thessalia as mentioned in APC IMa       Flaminius offered him a truce because he understood that Antiochus was marching from Syria with an army to come into Europe  Thereupon he made a truce with him for   months that in that time Flaminius might send to Rome and submit all to the will and pleasure of the senate   Polyb  in Legat     p     Livy        editio  Roman    Paris","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807d AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3012,"EventTxt":"When the Rhodians heard of the defeat of Philippus  they still defended the cities that were allied with Ptolemy and were in danger of being invaded by Antiochus  To some they sent help and to others a letter telling them they would defend them from the aggression of Antiochus  Letters were sent to the Caunians  Myndians  Halicarnassions  and Samians   Livy        However this was not sufficient  Antiochus  in spite of them  surprised Coracesium  Coricos  Andriace  Limyra  Patara  and Xanthus which belonged to Ptolemy  Lastly  he took the city of Ephesus   Jerome on Daniel  c","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3807,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3807d AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3013,"EventTxt":"Antiochus spent his winter at Ephesus and tried to subdue all of Asia into the empire his forefathers once had  He knew that the rest of Lampsacus in Hellespont planned to fight  He advised them to surrender like the rest  He threatened them in case they would not  fearing lest the rest would follow their example in opposing his plans  When this did not work  he sent some companies from Ephesus to besiege Smyrna and others from Abydus to besiege Lampsacus   Livy        Thereupon both cities as well as others that joined with them  sent their commissioners to Flaminius to ask for help against Antiochus   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3808a AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3014,"EventTxt":"When CI  Marcellus assumed his office of consul  ambassadors arrived at Rome to ask for a league to be made with Philippus  Thereupon the senate passed this decree  ^Everywhere the Greeks in both Europe and Asia should be free and live after their own laws  Those that were under Philippus  dominion or had any garrisons of his in them  should before the celebration of the next Isthimian games  turn them over into the hands of the Romans  Those that were in Asia  as Euronius  Pedasa  Burgylia  Iassus  Abydus  Thasus  Myrrina and Perinthus  Philippus should withdraw his garrisons and leave them free  He should not renew his war with the new king  Eumenes   for Valerius Antias observes  that special notice was taken of him  who was the son of Attalus  Concerning the enfranchising of the Cyani  Ti  Quin  Flaminius should write letters to Prusias that the will and pleasure of the senate was   c","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3808a AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3015,"EventTxt":"To ensure the execution of this decree  the senate sent   commissioners into Greece   Polyb  Legat     p       Legat     p     Livy","YearBCAD":-197,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4517,"Dating":"3808a AM, 4517 JP, 197 BC"}
{"Index":3016,"EventTxt":"After the Isthmian games were over  the general liberty of Greece was proclaimed by the public crier  Ti  Flaminius and the ten commissioners who came from Rome  listened to Hegesianactes and Lysias who were ambassadors from Antiochus to Flaminius  They were told to tell Antiochus that he must not meddle with any free city in Asia  much less make war upon them  He must get out of such places as he now controlled which were formerly belonged either to Ptolemy or Philippus  He was ordered not to personally enter Europe and not to send any of his forces there  They added that they would soon journey to Antiochus   Polyb  Legat     p        Livy","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808b AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3017,"EventTxt":"When the assembly was dismissed  the   commissioners divided the work they had to do among them  Every man went to see his assigned region to be liberated according to the decree  P  Lentulus went by sea to Bargylia in Asia and freed that city to live according to their own laws  L  Stentinius did the same at Hephaestia  Thalus and the cities of Thracia and wherever he went  P  Villius and Lu  Terentius journeyed to Antiochus and Cn  Cornelius went to king Philippus   Polyb  Legat     p     Livy       Plut  in Flamin","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808b AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3018,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of spring  Antiochus went by sea from Ephesus and came to Hellespont  He crossed with his land army from Abydus and joined them with his naval forces  He landed in Chersonese  He took over any cities that surrendered to him from fear  From there he went to Lysimachia  which was utterly destroyed a short time earlier by the Thracians  He began to rebuild it and to make it the capital of his son Seleucus  kingdom in those regions   Livy       Appian  in Syria  p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3019,"EventTxt":"Everything was going as well as Antiochus could imagine  However  L  Cornelius  who was sent by the senate of Rome to make peace between Antiochus and Ptolemy  came to Selymbria  P  Lentulus from Bargylia  L  Terentius and P  Villius from Thasus were three of the commissioners who went to Lysimachia  P  Cornelius came from Selymbria and met them there at Lysimachia  A few days later Antiochus came there from Thracia and met them  Hegesianax and Lysias  who had previously been sent as ambassadors from Antiochus to Flaminius  happened to be there at the same time  In the conference  P  Cornelius said that he thought it reasonable that Antiochus should restore to Ptolemy all the cities and places of Ptolemy s kingdom that he had recently taken from him  Further  he should withdraw his garrisons from all the places which belonged to Philippus because the Romans had now defeated him  They warned him not to meddle with any free state  Antiochus replied that he wondered first  by what right the Romans quarrelled with him about the cities in Asia any more then he questioned them what they did in Italy  He was content that the cities in Asia should enjoy their liberty but should thank him and not the Romans for it  Concerning Ptolemy  they were good friends already and that he was about to make an alliance with him   Polyb  p           Livy       Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3020,"EventTxt":"P  Cornelius continued and told him that it was reasonable that the ambassadors of Lampsacus and Smyrna should be called and allowed to speak for themselves  They were summoned  Parmenion and Pythodorus represented the city of Lampsacus and Coeramus spoke for Smyrna  They spoke boldly and freely for their own cause  Antiochus stormed to see that he was being called to account for what he had done in Asia to the Romans as if they were his judges  He ordered Parmenion to hold his peace and said that he moved that the controversy be decided before the Rhodian judges and not the Romans  So that conference broke up and nothing was done   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3021,"EventTxt":"Polycrates  who was governor of Cyprus  was in charge of collecting the the king s revenue  He handed the government over to his successor  Ptolemy of Megalopolis and returned to Alexandria  He turned over to the king Epiphanes  a great sum of money  Epiphanes was glad to receive this and Polycrates was thought highly of by all   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3022,"EventTxt":"Shortly after this  the Etolians revolted under their captain Scopas who had a large company of soldiers under him  Since the king was but a child  he could do what he liked  While he dawdled his time away  his plans were cut short  When Aristomenes knew that his friends went to him in his own house and used to sit in council together  he sent a company of the guards and summoned him before the king s council  Scopas was surprised and grew so wild and void of reason that he did not carry out his plans neither did he obey the summons of the king as he should have done  Aristomenes knew what state he was in and sent a company of soldiers and surrounded the house  Ptolemy the son of Eumenes brought him before the king   Polyb","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3023,"EventTxt":"He was brought before the council  First the king charged him and then Polycrates and Aristomenes did  He was quickly found guilty and condemned by the king s council and by all the ambassadors of foreign nations who were there  For Aristomenes intended to accuse him and had purposely brought there various illustrious personages of the Greeks and the Etolian ambassadors  They were at that time sent there to work out a peace between the king and them  Dorymachus  the son of Nicostratus was one of the ambassadors  After these all spoke  Scopas with his cohorts were all cast in prison  The next night Aristomenes had him and all his family poisoned  He had Dicaearchus who was a most impious wretch  racked to death  Dicaearchus was the admiral of Philippus  navy and harassed the Cycladian Isles  He erected two altars in a certain port there  the one to Impiety and the other to Iniquity  He sacrificed to them both as to two gods  The rest of the Etolians who wanted to return  the king gave them permission to do so and take what belonged to them with them   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3024,"EventTxt":"When this business of the Etolians was settled and all was quiet  then the whole court started their solemn revels which they used to have when anyone is made king  This event is called Anaclateria  The king was not then old enough to run the government  However  the court thought  that if it known abroad that the king was come now to rule in his own person  things would go better and be more peaceful in the kingdom  Therefore they made all provisions they could do to perform this solemnity for the honour of the kingdom   Polyb        p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3025,"EventTxt":"While the conference at Lysimachia was going on between Antiochus and the commissioners from Rome  it was reported by an unconfirmed source what had happened to Scopas at Alexandria and that Ptolemy was dead  Hence that conference came to naught for neither party would act until they knew exactly what happened  L  Cornelius  whose proper errand was to make peace with both the kings  desired some time to talk directly with Ptolemy  He wanted to get there as soon as possible before anything could be resolved there after the king s supposed death to help establish the state  Antiochus made no doubt of his intentions  If the king were indeed dead  Egypt would be his  Therefore  he sent away the commissioners and left his son  Seleucus with his army to continue rebuilding Lysimachia  He with his whole fleet sailed to Ephesus and from there sent ambassadors to Flaminius to desire him to continue the league and friendship between them  He sailed again and stayed close to coast of Asia until he came to Lycia  At Patara he was told for certain that Ptolemy was living and thereupon he abandoned his journey for Egypt   Livy       Appian  in Syria  p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3808,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3808c AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3026,"EventTxt":"Antiochus hurried toward Cyprus which he certainly hoped to get  When he had rounded the cape of the Chelidonian foreland  his sailors mutinied and he was forced to stay for a while in Pamphylia at the mouth of the Eurymedon River  From there he sailed to a place called the head of the Saris River  A severe storm almost drowned him and all his fleet  Many of his ships were driven on shore and many sank in the sea with all hands  A number of sailors  common soldiers and his nobles and leaders died in that storm  He salvaged what he could from the wreck  Since he was in no position to go on to Cyprus  he sailed to Seleucia in Syria and there started to rebuild his navy  He married his two children  Antiochus and Laodice to each other  He set to sea again for Antioch because winter was approaching   Livy       Appian  in Syria  p","YearBCAD":-196,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4518,"Dating":"3809a AM, 4518 JP, 196 BC"}
{"Index":3027,"EventTxt":"The Decemviri or   commissioners returned to Rome and told the senate about Antiochus and his return into Syria   Livy        Hannibal s enemies at Carthage  informed the senate of Rome that he and Antiochus daily sent letters to each other  Although this was false  those who fear these men believed the false report  Thereupon they sent ambassadors to the council at Carthage and complained to them that Hannibal was working with Antiochus and told them to get rid of Hannibal by any means   Livy       Justin        c","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809b AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3028,"EventTxt":"Flaminius  reply to Antiochus  ambassadors when they asked for a league was that he could do nothing now that the   commissioners were gone  The ambassadors would do well to go after them and make their address to the senate at Rome   Livy","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809b AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3029,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Hannibal stole away from Carthage and came safely to Tyre  He was there received by the founders of Carthage as in a second country of his own  After he rested there for a few days  he sailed to Antioch  When he found that Antiochus had left  he there spoke with his son who was celebrating a solemn festival in Daphne  When he had been courteously entertained by him  he sailed again and followed Antiochus overtaking him at Ephesus  Antiochus was trying to decide if he should make war on the Romans or not  He was completely taken by surprise when Hannibal came to him  From now on he thought not as much of the war itself as of what great things he should get by conquering the Romans   Livy in the end of his  rd book  Justin        c       and Emil  Prob  in Hannib","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809b AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3030,"EventTxt":"Phormio  a philosopher of the Peripatetic text  had disputed a long time in his school concerning the duty and office of a commander of an army and of the military art and the ordering of a battle  Hannibal could contain himself no longer and cried out that he had heard many a doting fool in his days but a bigger fool than this Phormio was  he had never heard   Cicer  de Oratore  lib","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809b AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3031,"EventTxt":"T  Quinctius Flaminius joined with Eumenes and the Rhodians and fought very successfully against Nabis the tyrant of Lacedemon   Liv","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809c AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3032,"EventTxt":"When M  Porcius  Cato  was consul  the city of Smyrna began and built a temple to the city of Rome   Tacit  Annal         By their example  the Alabandenses  not only built another temple to her but instituted some anniversary plays and games in honour of her as a proper goddess   Livy","YearBCAD":-195,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3809,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4519,"Dating":"3809c AM, 4519 JP, 195 BC"}
{"Index":3033,"EventTxt":"Eratosthenes of Cyrene  the son of Aglaus  died  He was not only a grammarian  though that were his chief profession  but also a poet  a philosopher and a geometrician  for he excelled in all these areas   Lucia  in Macrobiss  Apollonius Alexandrinus succeeded him in managing the library at Alexandria  He was a scholar of Callimachus who wrote the Argonautica  Since he lived many years at Rhodes  he was surnamed Rhodius   Swidas in Apollonius","YearBCAD":-194,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3810,"JulPer":4520,"Dating":"3810 AM, 4520 JP, 194 BC"}
{"Index":3034,"EventTxt":"Antiochus knew of the loyalty of the Jews for him  He conferred great favours on them again and by his letters he highly commended them   Eusib  Chron   His letters are preserved in Josephus         Antiq  c      In an address to Ptolemy s government  he mentioned many gifts of his and immunities granted both to the city and also the temple at Jerusalem  In another letter to Zeuxis  he ordered   families of the Jews  who lived in the provinces of Babylonia and Mesopotamia  to be settled in of Phrygia and Lydia  He hoped their presence would keep order there","YearBCAD":-194,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3810,"JulPer":4520,"Dating":"3810 AM, 4520 JP, 194 BC"}
{"Index":3035,"EventTxt":"Antiochus prepared to make a war in Greece and to begin his war against the Romans there  He told Hannibal what he purposed who told him that the Romans could only be conquered in Italy  Hannibal asked for   of his warships with     cavalry  With that fleet he first would sail into Africa so that he knew he could instigate a fresh rebellion among the Carthaginians  If that failed  he would land in some part of Italy and there begin the war anew against them  When he had persuaded the king to let him do this  he did not personally go to Africa  as Emil  Probus  in the life of Hannibal thinks  but sent Aristo  a Tyrian born at Ephesus under the guise of a merchant to trade at Carthage  He was to prepare their minds for a revolt against the Romans  Hannibal s enemies laid hold of Aristo at Carthage  They spent many days in consultation trying to determine what to do with him and if they should send him to Rome to justify their innocence in this matter  However  Aristo escaped and sailed back to Hannibal again  Thereupon they sent ambassadors to the consuls and senate at Rome to tell them what had happened   Livy       Justin        c        Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-193,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3811,"JulPer":4521,"Dating":"3811 AM, 4521 JP, 193 BC"}
{"Index":3036,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Antiochus sent Lysias  Hegesianactes and Menippus as his ambassadors to Rome to determine the feelings of the senate  They went under the pretence of trying to arrange a league and friendship between him and them  They told the senate that the king wondered why they should bid him to get out of the cities of Eloia and Ionia  to forego his tributes due to him from other places and not to meddle with matters in Asia and countries of his ancient inheritance in Thracia  These were not commands to be given to friends of theirs as he was  but to conquered enemies  They were told that they should go and ask Flaminius and the   commissioners who were formerly sent into Greece  When they came  the commissioners pressed that Antiochus should either stay out of Europe or allow the Romans to take care of what they had already in Asia and acquire more there if they could  The ambassadors told them plainly that they could neither negotiate a deal by which the king s rights and dominions might in any way be impaired  So that matter was left unsettled and the ambassadors were sent away   Livy       Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-193,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3811,"JulPer":4521,"Dating":"3811 AM, 4521 JP, 193 BC"}
{"Index":3037,"EventTxt":"Scarcely had the ambassadors left  when news came from Carthage that Antiochus was busy preparing for war against the Romans and that Hannibal was his general  They were afraid lest a fresh war would start from Carthage   Livy","YearBCAD":-193,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3811,"JulPer":4521,"Dating":"3811 AM, 4521 JP, 193 BC"}
{"Index":3038,"EventTxt":"Antiochus gave his daughter in marriage to Ptolemy at Raphia  in Phoenicia or rather in Palestina and returned to Antioch   Livy        He was now fully resolved to make war against the Romans and thought it best to league himself by marriages and alliances with as many kings and princes in the area as he could  Therefore he sent his daughter  Cleopatra  surnamed Syra  to Egypt to marry Ptolemy  He gave him a dowrie with her of all Coelosyria which he had formerly taken from him  He did this to pacify Ptolemy and to keep him from joining with the Romans in this war   Appian  in Syriac  p      Jerome on Da   says  that Antiochus  planned to get Egypt for his dominion and espoused his daughter Cleopatra  in the  th year of the young Ptolemy s reign according to Eucles of Rhodes  However Jerome follows Eusebius  Chronicle which said it was the  th year  According to our calculations it was in the  th year that he sent her to him  Ptolemy received a dowry of all Coelosyria and Judaea  Antiochus did not get Egypt  Ptolemy and his council perceived his plans and were more cautious in their affairs  Cleopatra took her husband s side rather than her father s  Josephus   Antiq        c      writes that Antiochus gave his daughter Cleopatra to wife to Ptolemy along with her dowry of Coelosyria  all Phoenicia  Judaea and Samaria  The tribute was equally divided between them from these places  The head men in each of these countries gathered the tribute for them and paid it to them","YearBCAD":-193,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4521,"Dating":"3812a AM, 4521 JP, 193 BC"}
{"Index":3039,"EventTxt":"He offered Antiochis  another daughter  in marriage to Ariarathes  the king of Cappadocia  He sent his  rd daughter to Eumenes  the king of Pergamus  When Eumenes saw that he planned to make war against the Romans and that this was the reason for the marriage  he refused the offer  When his two brothers  Attalus and Philetaetus wondered why he should refuse such an offer made to him by so great a neighbouring king as Antiochus  Eumenes told them how great a war was now at hand  He said that if the Romans win as he truly thought they would  he would be able to hold his own by them  If Antiochus won then his fortune would be either to be turned out of his kingdom by a powerful neighbouring prince or be forced to live under him  Concerning this  see Eumenes  his own Oration   in Polyb  Legat       Livy","YearBCAD":-193,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4521,"Dating":"3812a AM, 4521 JP, 193 BC"}
{"Index":3040,"EventTxt":"Antiochus crossed the Taurus Mountains and marched through Cilicia  At the very end of winter  he came to Ephesus   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812b AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3041,"EventTxt":"From there at the beginning of spring  he sent back his son Antiochus into Syria  He was to take care of matters there and in the remote parts of his eastern dominions while he was busy in the west  Antiochus with all his army went to invade the Pisidians who lived around Selga   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812b AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3042,"EventTxt":"At that time  ambassadors from Rome arrived at Elaea to see Antiochus  They came under the pretence of an embassy  but were there to see first hand what preparations he had made  They spoke often with Hannibal to try to cool Hannibal s anger toward them  If that failed they hoped to make Antiochus jealous of Hannibal because he spoke frequently with the Romans  The names of the ambassadors were  P  Sulpitius and P   Villius  who among others had met with Antiochus at Lysimachia   Livy          Justin        c     Fronti  Stratag     I e     Appia  inSyriac  p","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812b AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3043,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors went up from Elaea to Pergamus where Eumenes  palace was  Their instructions were first to confer with Eumenes before they went to Antiochus  Eumenes did the best he could to have them make war on Antiochus  Sulpitius remained sick at Pergamus but when P  Villius heard that Antiochus warred against Pisidia  he went to Ephesus  During those few days he stayed there  he made it a point to speak to Hannibal as often as he could  He wanted to know his intentions and to mitigate his anger toward the Romans by assuring him that they intended him no further harm   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812b AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3044,"EventTxt":"Claudius Quadrigarius who followed the account of the Greek History of Acilius  states that P  Scipio Africanus was in this embassy and that he was the one that spoke with Hannibal at Ephesus  He mentions one talk of theirs in particular  Africanus asked Hannibal whom he thought to have been the greatest general in the world  Hannibal replied that Alexander the Great was  When asked whom he thought was second   he answered Pyrrhus  When asked who was then third   he replied  myself  At that  Scipio burst out laughing and said what would you have done if you had defeated me  Hannibal replied that he would have counted himself before both Pyrrhus and Alexander and all others that ever were  His perplexing and intricate answer was but a trick of Punic wit  Scipio was taken in by it as with a pretty kind of flattery  He was not counted better than all the generals yet he had vanquished a better man than Alexander   Livy       with Plutarch in T  C  Flaminino  and Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812b AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3045,"EventTxt":"Villius went from Ephesus to Apamea and there Antiochus heard of the coming of the Roman ambassadors to meet them  They discussed almost the same points which were discussed between Flaminius and the other commissioners on one side and his ambassadors on the other at Rome  When news came of the death of his son Antiochus  who was recently sent into Syria  the conference was suspended  Villius did not want to be there at this sad time and went to Pergamus  when the king and court were all in mourning  The king stopped all preparations for the war and went to Ephesus   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812c AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3046,"EventTxt":"The Roman ambassadors were told to come to Ephesus  They met in conference with Minio  a principal counsellor and favourite of the king  In his discourse Minio blamed the Romans that under a pretence of setting Greece at liberty  they intended to make war against Antiochus  The Romans held so many famous countries in their subjection and made them pay tribute to Rome  These formerly lived free and according to their own laws  Sulpitius replied for the Romans for he was now recovered from sickness  He called the ambassadors of the other states present there as witnesses for the Romans as they had been instructed to do by Eumenes  Then the conference degenerated into a brawl   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812c AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3047,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus had heard the embassy of the Rhodians  he told them that if he and the Romans came to an agreement and a league  all they  as well as those of Byzatium  Cyzicum and other Greeks living in Asia would be free  The Eolians and Ionians would still be under the control of the kings of Asia  Therefore the Roman ambassadors returned to Rome when they could get nowhere with the king  For indeed that was the least part of the errand since they came primarily to spy on him   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3812,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3812c AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3048,"EventTxt":"After this  the Etolian ambassadors came to the king  They offered to make him commander of all the forces which they raised and persuaded him by all means to go over to Greece  They said it was ready to receive him  He should not stay until his armies came down to him from the remote and inner parts of Asia  This made Antiochus all the more eager to go into Greece as soon as possible   Appian  in Syriac  p        with Polyb        p       Justin        c          c","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3813a AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3049,"EventTxt":"Before he sailed  he went up to Ilium and sacrificed to Minerva  He returned to his fleet and sailed with   fighting ships    barges and   cargo ships  These were loaded with all kinds of provisions and sailed in the rear of the fleet  His whole army consisted of     foot soldiers and   cavalry with   elephants  This was barely enough to take over Greece if no one was there to fight with him  How inadequate were these forces to stand up against the Roman military might   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3813a AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":3050,"EventTxt":"Eumenes sent his brother Attalus to Rome to let them know that Antiochus had crossed over the Hellespont with his army  The Etolians were ready to rise up in arms as soon as he landed  The senate thanked Attalus and his absent brother  Eumenes  Attalus was housed at the public expense and given presents   Livy","YearBCAD":-192,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4522,"Dating":"3813a AM, 4522 JP, 192 BC"}
{"Index":1,"EventTxt":"About the middle of winter  Antiochus consulted with Demetrias how to carry on the war  Hannibal gave sound advice if it had been followed  It was not except that Polyxenidas was sent to bring the rest of the fleet and army from Asia   Livy       Justin        c        Appian  p","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813b AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3052,"EventTxt":"Antiochus fell in love with a young maiden of Chaleis  the daughter of Cleoptolemus  his host  Even though Antiochus was almost    he set aside the matters of the war and thought only of marrying her  He called her by the name of Eubaea and spent all the next winter in banqueting and revels  Likewise his army spent all that season in luxury and pleasure   Polyb        in Athenaus        c     Diodor  Sic    Dio  in Excerpt  Vales  p     and    Liv        Appian  p","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813b AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3053,"EventTxt":"M  Acilius Glabrio  the consul  left Rome in a rich coat of armour to go against Antiochus  This was on the  th day before the Nones that is May  rd  We deduce this year by an eclipse that happened the following January   Livy","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813b AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3054,"EventTxt":"About the same time  ambassadors came to Rome from two kings  Philippus of Macedonia and Ptolemy of Egypt  Both offered their help against Antiochus with money and grain  Ptolemy brought in ready money    pounds in gold and     pounds in silver  Nothing was taken and the senate thanked them for their good will  When both of them offered to come in person with their armies into Etolia  the senate answered that they would not trouble Ptolemy  The senate and people of Rome would be happy if Philippus would assist M  Acilius  their consul  in whatever he needed   Livy","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813b AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3055,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was defeated at Thermopylae in a battle against M  Acilius the consul and Cato a general in that army   This battle is described by Livy        by Plut  in Cato  Major  by Appia  in Syriac    Fron        Stratag   He was forced to flee back to Asia and came to Ephesus with his new wife   Livy  Justin  Appian  and Polyb  in Athenaus       c      In Tully s book De Senect  Cato  Cato speaking of himself  said that he fought at Thermopylae under M  Acilius Glabrio in the  th year after he had been consul  Plutarch in his life and Livy         affirm this that he was sent by the consul Acilius to Rome with the news of that victory  Antisthenes the historian reports to have followed this account and been written by Buplagus the Syrian  That Publius a Roman captain after this battle at Thermopylae  is gathered from Phlegon of Tralles  in his book De Mirabilibus   c","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813c AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3056,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus was at Ephesus  he became careless and not afraid of the Romans  He thought that they would never cross over into Asia  When Hannibal had roused him from those idle thoughts  he sent for his forces from the inland countries to come down quickly to the seaside  He prepared his navy and made Polyxenidas  an exile of Rhodes his admiral  He crossed over again into Chersonesus and fortified it  He put garrisons into Sestus and Abydus where he thought the Romans would try to cross over into Asia   Livy          Appia  p","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3813,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3813c AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3057,"EventTxt":"C  Livius Salinator was sent to succeed Attalus in the navy  On his way to Asia  Eumenes routed Polyxenidas  Antiochus  admiral  He sank   of his ships and captured   more losing only one ship and that one was from Carthage  They pursued Polyxenidas as far as Ephesus  Then they sent back the Rhodian fleet of   ships which arrived after the battle  Eumenes with his ships  came to Canas  a town of Lycia  Because the winter was coming  they drew their ships to land and fortified the place where they stayed with works for their defence   Livy       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3814a AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3058,"EventTxt":"When this naval battle was fought at Coricus  Antiochus was gone to Magnesia near the mountain of Sipylus to gather his land forces together  When he heard of his naval defeat  he began to prepare a new navy so that he might not appear to be vanquished from the sea  He sent Hannibal into Syria to get ships from the Phoenicians  He ordered Polyxenidas to repair his ships that were damaged in the battle and to build new ones to make up his fleet again  Meanwhile  he made his winter quarters in Phrygia  He sent for help from all parts  even from Gallograecia   Livy         Appian  p      Using fear and his money  he convinced them also to join in arms with him  He thought their height and courage would terrify the Romans   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3814a AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3059,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors arrived at Rome from Ptolemy and Cleopatra to congratulate them for driving Antiochus out of Europe  He persuaded them to cross into Asia even as far as Syria  He showed that they were ready to do  whatever the Romans would request  The senate sent thanks to the king and queen for their good will and gave each of the ambassadors    pieces of brass money   Livy","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3814a AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3060,"EventTxt":"Antiochus left his son Seleucus with the army in Eolia  to hold the sea coast there in order  The Romans on the one side and Eumenes on the other were meddling with them everywhere  Seleucus spent all that winter partly in helping his friends and partly in plundering those whom he could not draw over to his side   Livy","YearBCAD":-191,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4523,"Dating":"3814a AM, 4523 JP, 191 BC"}
{"Index":3061,"EventTxt":"About the middle of winter  Eumenes with a company of   foot soldiers and   cavalry came to Canas where the Roman fleet wintered  There he told them that if they wanted to  they could get much spoil from the country around Thyatira  He did not leave until he had persuaded Livius the admiral  to let him have   men  He went with these and in a short time brought them back again loaded with an enormous amount of booty   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3062,"EventTxt":"In the interim  a rebellion happened in Phocaea  There were some who tried to draw the common people to Antiochus  The wintering of the Roman navy there had taxed them very heavily  They were required to furnish them with   sea clothes and coats  Grain became scarce so that the ships and garrison were forced to move from there and quarter elsewhere  The faction who sided with Antiochus were no longer afraid after this  However  the elders and chief men of the city stood firmly for the Romans  The leaders of the faction for Antiochus prevailed with the common people   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3063,"EventTxt":"Therefore  the magistrates of Phocaea  feared the opinion of the common people  They wisely sent their agents to Seleucus to ask him not to come near their city because they were resolved to do nothing until they saw the outcome of the war  When Seleucus was told that the common people were wholly for his father and that they were short of grain  he did not reply  He immediately marched toward them with his army   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3064,"EventTxt":"At Rome  both the new consuls  Lu  Scipio and Ca  Laelius Nepos  were ambitious to go into Greece  P  Scipio  on the behalf of his brother Lusius said that if they wished to send his brother there  he would go with him as his lieutenant  His words carried the day  They said who was more befitting to fight against Hannibal  as Scipio Africanus who had already vanquished him   Cic  Philip     Livy       Valer  Max        c     Justin       c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3065,"EventTxt":"In those days  when Lu  Scipio was on his way against Antiochus and while the anniversary games in honour of Apollo were being celebrated  on the  th of the Ides or the  th of June  an eclipse occurred  On a very clear day it grew suddenly dark by an eclipse of the sun   Livy        This eclipse of the sun at Rome is confirmed by the astronomical account  To which if    Idus Quintiles  that is the  th of our July corresponds then it follows that the  st of January of the next year started on the  th day of our August  So great was the confusion of the Roman calendar in those days","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3066,"EventTxt":"About the beginning of spring  Pausistratus with   Rhodian ships  Livius with   Roman ships and Eumenes with   of his  sailed to the Hellespont  Livius first sailed into the port which was called  Portus Achaorum  From there they went up to Ilium and sacrificed to Minerva  They made a good impression and speech to the ambassadors of some the neighbouring cities  Eleus  Dardanus and Rhetteus  These all came and voluntarily surrendered themselves to him  He left  ships to blockade Abydus and went with the rest to the other side to besiege Sestos  After they surrendered  he prepared to return to the Asian side to besiege Abydus   Livy       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3067,"EventTxt":"While these things happened in the Hellespont  Polyxenidas  the admiral of king Antiochus  told Pausistatus  the admiral of Rhodes  that he would betray the entire of Antiochus  fleet or most of it into his hands  He believed him and went to Samos  He did not keep a proper watch as he should have done  He was killed and lost the   ships which he had under his command  There escaped of all his fleet    ships of Rhodes and   of the Isle of Cos   Livy       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3068,"EventTxt":"At the same time Seleucus recovered Phocaea after a gate of the city opened to him  He and his army got in that way  While these things were happening in Eolia  Abydus had endured the siege for a number of days and by the valour of the king s garrison continued to hold out  Finally all grew weary of the business and the chief magistrates of the city with the good consent of the captain of the garrison sent to Livius to ask for conditions of surrender  At that very time  Livius heard of the destruction of the Rhodian navy  Livius would no longer stay to take in Abydus and to keep Hellespont  He with all his fleet set sail for Phocaea  When he found it held by a strong garrison of the king and that Seleucus was not far off with his army  he started wasting the sea coast  He took what spoil he could find in the area  He stayed only until Eumenes could overtake him with his fleet  Then he planned to go to Samos  He finally arrived badly weather beaten  He joined his fleet with the Rhodians which consisted now of   ships under the command of Eudamus   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3069,"EventTxt":"After Livius had added the Rhodian ships to his fleet  he sailed immediately to Ephesus  He arranged his ships in order of battle before the very mouth of the port  When none came out against him  he divided his fleet into two parts  One part anchored in the very haven of the enemy and the other landed their men  They had ranged there far and near and gotten exceedingly much spoil  As they were returning with it to their ship  Andronicus a Macedonian   Appian  calls him Nicander  captain of the garrison in Ephesus  sallied out against them and forced them to their ships  They abandoned most of their booty and returned immediately to Samos  L  Emilius Regillus the Praetor met them there  He was to succeed Livius in the charge of the navy  As Regillus was coming there from the Isle of Chios  Livius sent to meet him    good ships of Rhodes of   tiers of oars a piece along with Eumenes himself in person with   more ships of   tiers of oars a piece   Livy         Appian  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3070,"EventTxt":"After sitting at Samos in council about naval matters  Emilius sailed with all his fleet to the very mouth of the port of Ephesus to terrify the enemy  Livius went to Patara in Lycia  Emilius was driven from Ephesus by a storm and so returned to Samos  The cities which Livius passed by Miletus  Myndus  Halicarnassus  Cnidus and Cos readily accepted him  Lycia did not welcomed him for he encountered both a storm at sea and the enemy at land  Therefore he returned to Greece again  After this  he spoke with the two Scipios who were at that time in Thessaly that he might then return to Italy   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3071,"EventTxt":"At Samos  Emilius the Praetor and Eumenes received letters from the Scipios  There was a truce with the Etolians and they were to march towards Hellespont  Also the Etolians said the same to Antiochus and his son Seleucus   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3072,"EventTxt":"Eumenes sent his agents into Achaia to make an association with them which the commons in a general assembly had ratified and sent to him a company of tall young men to assist him   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3073,"EventTxt":"L  Emilius with all his fleet passed by Miletus and the other cities of that coast and landed in the Bay of Bargillia  They went to Iassus  the city was held by a garrison of Antiochus  men  They sent to the magistrates and other chief men of the city to persuade them to surrender  They were told that they would do nothing  Therefore he drew up to the walls in order to besiege it  However  the exiles of Iassus who were among the Rhodians  prevailed with them and through Eumenes  mediation  they drew off and left the siege   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3074,"EventTxt":"Those of Heraclea in Pontus sent ambassadors to Emelius  He sent them a very kind and favourable answer in writing purporting that the senate of Rome would be their good friends  Further  neither their counsel nor concerns would be ignored whenever they should have an occasion to use them   Memnon Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3075,"EventTxt":"While Eumenes was away helping the Romans and Rhodians attack the sea towns of Lycia  Seleucus and his army invaded his country  They first came in an hostile manner to Elaea  When they were unable to take the city  they wasted all the country around it  From there he marched with all his forces to Pergamus itself  the capital city of this kingdom  Attalus  Eumenes  brother drew out and pitched his camp before the city walls  He had many skirmishes with the enemy  He was too weak to fight them so he stayed within the walls and the city was besieged   Memnon Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3076,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Antiochus went from Apamea and camped first at Sardis  not far from his son Seleucus near the head of the Caicus River  He had with him a huge army made up of various nations  In it  the strongest most frightening squadron was the Gallograecians who had   soldiers  With these and a few others  he went to ravage and waste all the country about Pergamus from one end to the other   Memnon Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3077,"EventTxt":"At Samos  Eumenes heard this and he was called away to take care of his own affairs at home  He sailed ship and with all his men and came to Elaea  From there he went to Pergamus before the enemy heard of his arrival  He sailed out from there often and made some small skirmishes with the enemy  A few days later both the Roman and the Rhodian fleet came from Samos to Elaea to help him   Memnon Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3078,"EventTxt":"Antiochus heard that there were so many fleets come together into the same port  A consul with his army was all ready in Macedonia and making provisions at Hellespont for his crossing into Asia  Antiochus thought it a good time to try for a peace with the Romans  Eumenes and the Rhodians all at once  Therefore he moved his camp and came to Elaea  After taking a little hill opposite the city  he left all his foot soldiers and with his cavalry  who were about   men  and went down into a plain close to the walls of the city  He sent some commissioners into the city to ask for peace  Thereupon L  Emilius sent for Eumenes from Pergamus to come there to him  He advised what was the best course of action  Eudamus and Pamphilidas  the commanders of the Rhodian fleet  were also there giving advice  They said the Rhodians were not against a peace  Eumenes said that it was not for their honour to make a peace treaty  However they could not settle the matter at that time  Therefore Emelius sent Antiochus word that before the coming of the consul no peace could be made  When he had this reply  Antiochus started wasting the country all about Elaea  He leaf Seleucus to continue the siege before Pergamus and marched away in a rage with the rest of his army  He did not stop until he came into that rich country which was called Thebe s Campus  that is  the plain of Thebes  He made all manner of havock there and greatly enriched all his army for that present time   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3079,"EventTxt":"At the same time  the Acheans sent Diophanes of Megalopolis with   foot soldiers and   cavalry came to Elaea for Eumenes   Livy       with Polyb  Legat      These were old veterans and their captain was trained under Philopoen  the most famous commander of all the Greeks in his time   Livy       Appian  p     with Polyb  Legat     p       in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3080,"EventTxt":"As soon as they were landed  Attalus sent some to show them the way and brought them to Pergamus  As soon as these Achaeans arrived  they made continual sallies against Seleucus to make him withdraw and leave that country   Livy       and Appian  p         However  Seleucus stayed in the area and annoyed his foes and helped his friends in those parts   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3081,"EventTxt":"While Antiochus marched in an hostile manner to Adramyteum  Emilius and Eumenes came by sea to rescue it  Thereupon Antiochus did not attack the town  but started plundering the country around it  He captured Peraea  a colony of the Mitylenians  Likewise he took Cottos  Corylenus  Aphrodysians and Crene on the first assault  He then returned by Thyatira to Sardis   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3082,"EventTxt":"The Roman fleet with the Rhodians and Eumenes went first to Mitylene and from there returned to Elaea  They sailed to Phocaea and anchored at Baccius  an island very close to the city of Phocaea  They plundered their temples and monuments which they had spared before  When they came to the city  they found a company of   of Antiochus  foot soldiers who had gotten in their before they came  Hence they did not besiege the place and returned again to the island where they were before  After they first ravaged the country around there  the Roman fleet returned to Elaea and Eumenes and the Rhodians to Samos   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814c AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3083,"EventTxt":"About midsummer  the Rhodian fleet fought with Antiochus  navy  The Rhodian fleet had  ships of   tiers of oars and   others of   tiers of oars  Hannibal brought this fleet of   ships from Syria  Some were of an extraordinary size  The battle happened at Sida  a cape of Pamphylia  The Rhodians routed Hannibal but could not pursue him because their sailors were weak and sickly  However  to prevent him from joining with the old fleet  they sent Chariclitus with   ships to Patara and the port Megistus  A little after this  they sent Pamphyulidas with   more ships   Livy         So Hannibal was blockaded in Pamphylia   Appian  p     see Emil  Prob  in Hannibal","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3084,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus came to Sardis  he sent ambassadors with letters to Prusias king of Bithynia who was surnamed Cynegus  that is the Hunter  He wanted Prusias to join with him against the Romans  This worried Prusias for the present  However  other letters came to him from the two brothers  Lu  and Pub  Scipio  These told him not to fear the Romans  This was especially true  when shortly after this  an embassy was sent to him from Rome  The leader of it was C  Livius  who recently commanded their fleet  When he spoke with them  he resolved to side with the Romans and to break off entirely with Antiochus   Polyb  Legat     p        Livy       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3085,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus saw no further hope of getting Prusias on his side  he moved from Sardis to Ephesus  There he viewed his fleet  which had been in preparation for a long time  He saw no other way to prevent the Romans from moving their land army into Asia  He had to make himself absolute master of the sea  He resolved to do what he could and to risk a naval battle   Polyb  and Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3086,"EventTxt":"Therefore he immediately went to see whether he could take Notium  which was a town of the Cloephonians not far from Ephesus where he was  He hoped then when the Romans came to relieve their confederate town by land  admiral Polyxenidas would have an opportunity for a major naval victory  Polyxenidus had at that time under his command   or   good ships  Emilius and the Rhodians fought with him at Myonesus  Livy says that Emilius had   ships and the Rhodians     Appianus says the Rhodians had    Polyxenidas was defeated and having a good wind on his back fled quickly back to Ephesus  He lost   ships  not   only  as Appian has it  of which   came quickly into the enemy hands with all the men in them  The Romans had only two leaking ships and a few others damaged  Polyxenidas captured a Rhodian ship and took it with him to Ephesus  This fight was made in December   as the year went then at Rome   This appears by Macrobius         Saturnalium   has written  vv that     Calend  January   c  upon the  st of December  was a feast dedicated to their Lares  i  e  their household gods   At this time  L  Emilius Regillus  praetor  in the war against Antiochus  vowed to build a temple in Campo Martio","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3087,"EventTxt":"Livy  Livy        tells us his vow was performed     years later  There is also a copy   but most falsely written  of a table  containing the manner of this victory  hung up by him on the doors not only of his new temple but also in that of Jupiter s in the capitol","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3088,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was disturbed by the news of this defeat  He was poorly advised to withdraw his garrison from Lysimachia lest they should fall into Roman hands  He raised his siege from Colophos and retired to Sardis  He sent letters to Ariarathes  his son in law in Cappadocia  to bring him troops from there and everywhere else that he could find men   Livy        Meanwhile he lay idly at Sardis wasting his time which might have been better spent in ordering his affairs elsewhere   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3814,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3814b AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3089,"EventTxt":"After this naval victory  Emilius sailed straight to Ephesus and arranged his ships in battle formation before the very mouth of the port  This publicly showed that Antiochus had lost the mastery of the sea  Emilius sailed to Chios and repaired his ships damaged in the battle  He sailed to Phocaea which had recently revolted from the Romans  He tried first to take it directly  but it later surrendered to him  He could not prevent his soldiers from plundering it  He returned to them their city  lands and their laws  With the approach of winter  he stayed there because the place had two ports   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3090,"EventTxt":"About the same time Lysimachia  which was well supplied with all kinds of provisions  welcomed the Roman generals and the two Scipios when they came  The Romans continued through the Chersonde to the Hellespont  They found everything already prepared by Eumenes for their crossing  They crossed over as if into a friend s country  No man hindered their journey   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3091,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was at his wits end and did not know what to do  He sent Heraclides of Byzantium to sue for peace with the Romans  He had instructions both in general to the council of war there and in particular to P  Scipio Africanus  The council replied to him that he must pay the cost of this war and surrender all Asia on this side the Taurus Mountains to the Romans  Antiochus could not imagine anything worse than if he were utterly defeated  He abandoned any attempts for peace and prepared for war   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat        published by Fulvi  Ursinus  Livy       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3092,"EventTxt":"L  Scipio the consul  journeyed to the Hellespont or Dardanus and Rhetaeus  All the people of both places came joyfully from their cities to greet them  He went from there to Ilium and pitched his camp in the plain which lay beside the walls there  He went up into the city and the citadel  He sacrificed to Minerva as the president and protectrix of that place  There was much joy and mutual congratulations between the men of Ilium and the Romans  They recounted how Aeneas and his captains that went from Troy to eventually found Rome  were their country men  The Romans were just as proud that they were descended from them  They were like parents and children who had been separated by a long absence and now were joyfully reunited   Livy         Justin        c      Demetrius Scepsius says of himself  that when he was a boy and came to Ilium  that he saw their houses lying in such a poor state that they had not so much as roof tiles to cover them with   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3093,"EventTxt":"Scipio left there and after a   day march came to the head of the Caicus River  Eumenes met him with his forces  They made provision for food to carry with them for many days  They planned to attack Antiochus and settle the business before winter came   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3094,"EventTxt":"P  Scipio Africanus became sick and was carried to Eleaea  He left his substitute  Cn  Domitius to take over his responsibilities  Antiochus intercepted Scipio in a plain near Thyatira not far from the enemy  He sent the young P  Scipio home to his father without a ransom  This was to ease his mind and to help him get well again   See Polyb  Legat     Livy       Justin        c    Appian  p        Aurel  Vict  de Vir  Illustr  p","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3095,"EventTxt":"The senate and people of Heraclea in Pontus sent an embassy to the Scipioes and desired that they would ratify and confirm that league which Emilius had previously made with them  This was done  They also prayed that Antiochus might be taken into the favour and friendship of the people of Rome  They drew up a general decree of the people at Heraclea and sent it to Antiochus  They advised him to abandon the war against the Romans   Memnon  Excerpt  c","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3096,"EventTxt":"Floras   Histor  Roman        c      tells us that Antiochus had equipped his army with very large elephants all clad and glittering with gold  silver  scarlet and ivory from elephants  In  APC IMa     we read that he had   elephants  This is likely correct for he had   when he fought with Ptolemy and   later   see notes on   AM     AM from Polyb   Livy says he had only   elephants      foot soldiers and almost     cavalry  Appian tells us that he only had     troops in all  However  Floras greatly exaggerates when he says  vv He had     foot soldiers and as many cavalry and iron chariots in the field that day","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3097,"EventTxt":"Appian affirms that the Romans had only     foot soldiers  Livy says that of these  about   Macedonians and Thracians were left to defend the camp","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3098,"EventTxt":"This battle was fought near to Magnesia at the foot of the Sipylus Hill  Hannibal was not there since he was still bottled up in Pamphylia with his fleet which he brought from Syria  P  Scipio Africanus was not there either because he was sick and in the city of Elaea  The day of the battle was misty  Antiochus  with so large an army  could not see both wings of his army at once  The dampness ruined the strings of the bows and thongs which they threw their darts with  Nevertheless they forced the right wing of the Roman army to run and flee to the camp  When Emilius who was on the left wing  saw them coming  he sent out his men to meet them  They threatened to kill them with their swords unless they returned into the battle  Thereupon  they found themselves hemmed in with their friends ahead of them and the enemies behind  Emilius also offered himself and   of his men to go with them  They turned around and ran desperately into the throng of the enemy and made a vast slaughter of them  This was the turning point in the battle  Antiochus lost     foot soldiers and   cavalry   Livy       Eutrop   Livy says   were taken prisoner  Justin says      A few of the elephants were killed and   were taken with their masters  A few of the Romans were wounded  They lost not more than   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Eumenes lost   men","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3099,"EventTxt":"Antiochus escaped with a few in his company  More joined him as he went and he came to Sardis with a reasonably sized army about next midnight  He heard that his son Seleucus and various of his friends fled to Celaenae near which there was a new city of Apamea built  Before day  he went by horse with his wife and daughter and came there to him  He left Zeno to hold Sardis  He made Timon the governor of the province of Lydia  The next day he went to Syria  He left some of his captains there to salvage what they could from this disaster   Livy       Appian  p       Zonaras  from Dion","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3100,"EventTxt":"When Polyxenidas  Antiochus  admiral  heard of this defeat he left Ephesus and sailed as far as Patara in Lycia  For fear of the Rhodian fleet which lay not far from Megistle  he went ashore with a few in his company and came by land to Syria   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3101,"EventTxt":"After this victory  ambassadors flocked in from all parts to Scipio  They firts came from Thyatira and Megnesia  then they came from Sardis  Trales  Magnesia upon the Maeander and Ephesus  They all surrendered themselves to him  After this all the cities of Asia did likewise  They submitted themselves wholly to his mercy and the sovereignty of the people of Rome   Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3102,"EventTxt":"The consul then went to Sardis and his brother P  Scipio came from Elaea to meet him as soon as he was able to travel  About the same time Musaeus was sent as an herald from Antiochus  Through the mediation of P  Scipio  he obtained permission for him to send ambassadors to the consul to sue of peace  Shortly after this Antiochus sent ambassadors from Zeuxis the governor of Lydia and Antipater s brother s son came to him  They first talked with Eumenes who was not friendly toward them because of former quarrels between Antiochus and Eumenes  The ambassadors worked through P  Scipio to address the consul directly  The consul called a full council and listened to them  Thereupon  he offered the king the same conditions as he sent him from Hellespont before the battle at Magnesia  P  Scipio publicly proclaimed that the Roman custom was not to be humiliated by defeat nor become haughty in victory  Therefore  Antiochus must leave Europe and part with all Asia on this side of the Taurus Mountains  He must pay the cost of this war  He must pay     Euboic talents    now   when the senate and people of Rome had ratified the peace and   talents a year in   instalments over  years  He must pay   talents to Eumenes for his damages and the surplus of grain which was owing to his father  He must surrender to the consul  Hannibal the Carthaginian and Thoas the Etolian and some others who had been the first instigators of this war  Lastly he must deliver  hostages to ensure compliance with these conditions  When Antipater and Zeuxis had accepted these conditions  it was unanimously agreed to send ambassadors to Rome for the ratification of this  The meeting adjourned   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat     Livy       Justin        c    Appian  p  Ill","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3103,"EventTxt":"After this  the consul divided his army and sent them away to their winter quarters  Some went to Magnesia  some to Tralles and Ephesus   Polyb    Livy","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3104,"EventTxt":"The consul went to Ephesus and Anitiochus sent him   talents as agreed as a down payment as well as the hostages whom he was to give   Livy        Among them was Antiochus  the king s youngest son   Appian  p         Although Zonaras  from Dion   states that Manlius Vulso  who succeeded Scipio  was the first who demanded him for a hostage","YearBCAD":-190,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4524,"Dating":"3815a AM, 4524 JP, 190 BC"}
{"Index":3105,"EventTxt":"M  Aurelius Cotta was sent by the consul to Rome with the king s ambassadors  Eumenes with the ambassadors from Eumenes  Rhodes  Smyrna  and almost of all the cities and states on this side of the Taurus Mountains went too   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815b AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3106,"EventTxt":"Manius Acilius Glabrio entered Rome in a triumph over Antiochus and the Eolians   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815b AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3107,"EventTxt":"Cn  Manlius Vulso went as the consul in Asia  He was to take over the army which L  Scipio had  He brought with him   foot soldiers and   cavalry from Rome  The Latins sent  oot soldiers and   cavalry  At almost the same time as Manlius the consul had landed in Asia  Q  Fabius Labro came as praetor to take charge of the fleet   Livy         When the new consul arrived at Ephesus in the beginning of the spring  L  Scipio turned the army over to him  When he had reviewed the troops  he made a speech to incite them to prepare for a war against the Gauls or Gallograecians   Livy        Fabius with the fleet  set sail for Crete to liberate any Romans and other Italians who were slaves there  He returned from there to Ephesus and sent   ships to Thracia  He ordered Antiochus  garrisons to withdraw from Enus and Maronea and then they were restored to their original liberty   Livy        in fi","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815c AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3108,"EventTxt":"About the beginning of summer  Eumenes with the ambassadors came to Rome  Cotta first told the senate and later the common people what had happened in Asia  Then Eumenes was asked to speak by the senate  He told them what he had done in their service and what his request was to them  He was very moderate in his presentation  However  the Rhodians opposed him because of their own interests and that they sought the liberty of the Greek cities and states there  After both parties were heard  the Senate decreed that all the regions on this side of the Taurus Mountains which belonged to Antiochus  should be given to Eumenes  However Lycia and Caria  as far as to the Maeander River was given to the Rhodians  The rest of the cities in Asia which had been tributaries to Attalus  should pay tribute to Eumenes  Those that were tributaries of Antiochus should be free  and pay no tribute at all   Polyb  Legat          Diod  Sic  Legat     Livy            Appia  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815c AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3109,"EventTxt":"Antipater and Zeuxis  the ambassadors of Antiochus  had a session in the senate and obtained a confirmation of peace for Antiochus upon such conditions as Scipio had given him in Asia  A while later  the people also ratified the same  Then they made a solemn league with sacrifices made with Antipater  chief of the embassy for Antiochus in the capital to confirm the agreement   Polyb  Legat     Livy        This league was etched in brass and solemnly hung up in the Capitol as other leagues were  A copy of it was sent to Manlius Vulso  the consul  who succeeded Scipio in Asia   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815c AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3110,"EventTxt":"We read APC IMa     that among other things  in this treaty it was agreed  that Antiochus himself and his successors would pay a large tribute to the Romans  He would give hostages for security and a part of his kingdom  By this agreement  Antiochus was to pay     talents over   years  These were Euboic talents not Attic talents as Livy seems to have misunderstood from Polybius  These were of the purest Attic silver and weighted   Roman pounds each  In addition he had to give     bushels of grain and   hostages  The hostages would be changed every   years  Even though he lost part of the kingdom he still controlled Comagena  Syria and Judea  as in  Excerpt  Memnon   In addition he had all the upper provinces beyond Euphrates  as Babylonia  Assyria  Susiana  and the rest  In the lower Asia he had Cilicia  although he was forbidden to come with his ships into the ports of Cilicia west of the Calycadnus River and the cape of Sarpedon  Also he could not wage war there   Polyb  Legat          Livy          Appian  p","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3815c AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3111,"EventTxt":"When the senate heard from the ambassadors of Smyrna and the other states of Asia  they sent   commissioners  as was their ancient custom  to settle all matters in Asia and to compose all differences between the states   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3815d AM,4525JP, 189BC"}
{"Index":3112,"EventTxt":"When there was peace between the Romans and Antiochus  there was a riot in Rome  Cn  Manlius in Asia did what he could to stir up trouble in Asia  He tried to get his hands on Antiochus if he could  but failed  Antiochus knew the consul s real intentions  Although he was often asked to come to a talk with the consul  he kept himself aloof and would not come to him  The consul was desirous to get him and came with his army to the divide on the top almost of the Taurus Mountains  He was unable to pick any quarrel against him or his allies  Therefore the consul attacked the Gallograecians  under the pretence that they had previously helped Antiochus in his war  There was no point driving Antiochus beyond the Taurus Mountains unless these fierce and warlike people were subdued also  Because Eumenes was at that time out of the country at Rome  the consul sent for Attalus  Eumenes  brother from Pergamus to come to him  The consul had moved from Ephesus to Magnesia  When Attalus received this summons  he came to him with   foot soldiers and about   cavalry  They went together to the Harpalu River  Atheneus  another brother of Eumenes and Attalus  came to him with Leusus of Crete and Corragus  a Macedonian  Between them they brought an additional   foot soldiers from various countries and   cavalry   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3815d AM,4525JP, 189BC"}
{"Index":3113,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors from the state of Alabanda came to the consul  They requested help in subduing a citadel that had recently revolted from them  The consul helped them recover the citadel  The consul continued on to the city of Antioch on the Meander River  Seleucus  the son of Antiochus  came there also as he might legally do by the articles with Scipio  He came to supply grain for the Roman army  The inhabitants of Taba  a city of Cilicia  bordering upon Pisidia  attacked the army of the Romans and paid for their pains   talents and     bushels of wheat  The inhabitants asked for mercy  The third day later they came to the back of the Chaus River and came to attack the city Eriza  They took it on the first assault   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3815d AM,4525JP, 189BC"}
{"Index":3114,"EventTxt":"Moagetes the tyrant  who had under him three cities  Cybara  Syleum and Alymne or Alnida  was a cruel and subtle man  He could barely be made to purchase his peace at the price of   talents and     bushels of grain   Livy       Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3815d AM,4525JP, 189BC"}
{"Index":3115,"EventTxt":"When the consul had crossed the Colobatus River  ambassadors came to him from Isiodenes asking for help  The men of Termessa  a city in Pisidia  had joined with the inhabitants of Philomelia and plundered their country and city  They had besieged their citadel into which all their citizens with their wives and children had fled for safety  The consul took control of the situation and marched towards Pamphylia  He raised the siege from before Isiodenes and pardoned the men of Termessa after they paid   talents of silver  The people of Aspendus and of Pamphylia were treated likewise   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3815,"Season":"Summer","Dating":"3815d AM,4525JP, 189BC"}
{"Index":3116,"EventTxt":"The consul returned from Pamphylia to start his war against Gallogrecia or Galatia  He captured the city Cormasa and found a great deal of booty there  He left and as he proceeded on his way by the marshes of that country  ambassadors came to him from the city of Lysinoe and submitted to him  When he granted them his mercy  he came to the plain of Salagessa  in Pisidia  From there he took away a rich prey of cattle  Ambassadors came to him and presented him with a crown of gold of   talents in weight and with     bushels of barley and as many in wheat  Therefore he made peace with them   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3117,"EventTxt":"He went from there to the source of the Obryma River and camped at a place called the Aporis town  The next day Seleucus came to him from Apamea  The consul sent away his soldiers that were sick or otherwise unserviceable to Apamea  He was supplied with guides  He found the cities abandoned everywhere by the inhabitants for fear of his coming  His army had so much spoil that they were barely able to march   miles a day  At that rate they came to the old Bendos and on the  rd day after that into the country of Galatia   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3118,"EventTxt":"He had his camp there for a few days  In that time he sent his ambassadors to Epossognatus  who alone of all the kings of that country had remained loyal to Eumenes and had never helped Antiochus against the Romans  Thereupon  Epossognatus went to the rest of the kings of that country and asked them to submit to the Romans on fair and reasonable terms   Livy       with Polyb  Lega      There were at that time  three kings of these Gauls  still called by their old names of Tolistobogians  Tectosagians and Trochmians  There names were  Ortiagon  Combolomarus and Gaulotus   Livy        Of the three Ortiagon was a man of great reputation for his bounty  prudence and martial valour  He was thought at that time to be ambitious of controlling the whole country   Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p       Suidas in Ortiagon","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3119,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  ambassadors came to the consul as he camped in a village called Tyscon from Oroanda  They wanted his friendship which he finally gave to them for   talents of ready money   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3120,"EventTxt":"While the Romans besieged the citadel of the Galatians  called Cuballus  the enemy s cavalry came and attacked in a disorganized manner  some of the Roman army and killed them  The consul repelled the attack and killed some of them in their flight  He came with his army  without stopping any where on the way to the Sangarius River or Sagaris  which is a river in Galatia running through Phrygia into the Pontic Sea   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3121,"EventTxt":"Since the river was too deep to ford  he made a bridge and crossed the river on it  Some Balli or eunuchs of Cybele the mother of the gods sent by Attis and Battacus her priests from Pessinute and met him there with ornaments and other trinkets on them  They prophesied in a fantastic way and told him that the mother of the gods sent them to offer the Romans the victory and sovereignty of that country  The consul replied that he accepted the offer  He pitched his camp in the same place   Livy         Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3122,"EventTxt":"The next day he came to Gordium  It was abandoned by the inhabitants but full of all kinds of provisions  While he was there  Epossognatus came to him and said that he had spoken with the kings of the Gauls but could not bring them to listen to reason  They with their wives and children and their main wealth were all retiring to the Mount Olympus  They planned to defend themselves and trusted in their arms and the location of the place   Livy          Polyb  Legat      Those of the tribe Oroanda came soon after with more detailed news  The Tolistobogians had already taken the Mount of Olympus and the Tectosagians had taken another hill  called Magana  The Trochmians had left their wives and children with the Tectosagins and had joined forces with the Tolistobagians   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3123,"EventTxt":"The camp of these Gauls that were on Mount Olympus was attacked and taken by the consul and Attalus  Claudius Quadrigarius says that they fought twice in Mount Olympus      men were killed  However  Valerius Antias says only     were killed  There is no doubt that     were killed since they had all sorts of people  young and old  of either sex in the mount  It was more like a colony than an army to fight with an enemy  The consul burnt all their arms in one fire and had all the spoil of them brought to him  He either sold all that was to be sold or equally divided it among his soldiers   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3124,"EventTxt":"Yet there still remained the war with the Tectosagians  The consul therefore marched towards them and came to a place called Ancyra  which was a great city there  They camped less than   miles from the enemy  There Chiomaris  Ortyagon s wife  was taken prisoner  A certain centurion had ravished her and when she got her chance she cut off his head and sent it to her husband who had gone home from Olympus   Livy        Floras        c       Victor  De Vir  Illustr  c      This story is more fully told by Polybius  who says that he spoke with Chiomaris herself at Sardis  He added that he wondered at the wisdom of the woman   Plutarch  De Clar  Mulier  i e  of famous women","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3125,"EventTxt":"While the consul camped at Ancyra  some ambassadors from the Tectosagians came to him asking him to move his camp further from there  They wanted this done before their kings agreed to a treaty with him about a peace  They  under the pretence of a parlay  ambushed a party of the Romans  Since they outnumbered the Romans  they killed many of them  They would have done more  had not some who were abroad foraging  heard their cry and came to their rescue   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3126,"EventTxt":"The Romans were enraged by this  The next day the whole army marched and came where they were  They spent two days in viewing and considering the situation of the hill where they were  On the third  the consul drew out his army and divided them into three brigades  The main force of the enemy was in the Tectosagians and Trochmians who numbered     foot soldiers plus the cavalry  They could make no use of their cavalry in that craggy ground  They joined with the foot soldiers to the number of      The Cappadocians sent from Ariarathes and others from Morzes in the left wing and added   more troops  When the battle was started  the Gauls were defeated and the Romans made a huge slaughter of them  The rest fled and every man shifted for himself  In the chase  the Romans slew   more of them and the rest escaped over the Halys River","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3127,"EventTxt":"The next day the consul viewed the spoil as well as the prisoners  The men were gnawing the chains they were tied to with their teeth and offered themselves to be choked by each other  The spoil was very great  This was a most greedy and rapacious nation which had had the spoil of all Asia on this side the Taurus Mountains for so many years  Later the Gauls that escaped came together naked and wounded  having lost all they had  They agreed among themselves to send to the Romans and sue for peace  The consul wanted them to follow him to Ephesus  It was past mid autumn and he was desirous to get out of that cold air near the snowy Taurus Mountains and go to the sea side to winter his army   Livy       with Appian  in Syriac  p        Flor        c","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3128,"EventTxt":"At Rome  on the  st of February   according to their year  September  th by ours   L  Emilius Regillus held a triumph over Antiochus for the victory which he won at sea   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3129,"EventTxt":"About this time  the ten commissioners left Rome for Asia accompanied by those ambassadors and others who came from Asia  They came to Brundusium  L  and P  Scipio came from Asia to land in Italy  A few days later they entered Rome with a triumph   Polyb  Legat      L  Scipio held a triumph over Antiochus on the last of February which was a leap year or the  th of our November  This was almost a year after his consulship had expired  So that he might not seem inferior to his brother Africanus in any point  all men surnamed him Asiaticus   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3130,"EventTxt":"C  Manlius Vulso remained in Asia as a pro consul for another year after his term as consul expired   Livy","YearBCAD":-189,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4525,"Dating":"3816a AM, 4525 JP, 189 BC"}
{"Index":3131,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the  th Olympiad  ambassadors came to Manlius the proconsul while he was wintering at Ephesus  They came from all the cities  states and countries in Asia on this side of the Taurus Mountains to congratulate his victory over the Gauls  They presented him with crowns of gold  He entertained them all with so much respect and favour that he sent them away more glad and joyful than when they came  Ambassadors from the Gauls came to him as he had arranged to know on what conditions they might have their peace  He said that he would hear them about that matter when Eumenes came and not before  Ambassadors also came from Ariarathes king of Cappadocia  to ask his pardon and to redeem his offence with money in that he had assisted Antiochus  his father in law  in his war  He was fined   talents of silver  although Livy and Appian say only    Musaens also came to him from Antiochus  Manlius answered that he would meet with him at the borders of Pamphilia  He would take the   talents and the grain which he was to pay according to the agreement made with L  Scipio by him   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816b AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3132,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of the spring the consul reviewed his army  He and Attalus left Ephesus and on the  th day came to Apamea  After he spent   days there  they left and in   days came with his army into Pamphylia to the place which he had appointed for his meeting with Antiochus  He stayed   days  and distributed wheat among his army which Antiochus had sent  The money Antiochus sent was consigned to one of the officers to be conveyed to Apamea  From there he went to Perga which was the only place in all that country which was defended by a garrison  When he was near it  the captain of the garrison came out to meet him and asked for  days  to ask Antiochus and to receive his answer as what to do concerning the surrender of the place to him  This was granted and on the set day  the garrison left the place   Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3133,"EventTxt":"About the same time near the beginning of summer  the   commissioners with Eumenes arrived at Ephesus  They stayed for only   days to settle their stomachs after the voyage  They left and came to Apamea  When the proconsul heard of their coming  he sent his brother L  Manlius with   soldiers to Oroanda to demand from them the money that was in arrears  The proconsul wished for the ambassadors of Antiochus to follow him and returned with his army to Apamea  He found Eumenes there with the   commissioners and held a meeting with them as to what should be done  First  all agreed to ratify the peace previously made with Antiochus for its observance according as it was drawn up by the senate   The details of the agreement are accurately given by Polybius and Livy   Manlius the proconsul  in the presence of the king s ambassadors took a solemn oath to observe the agreement  After that he sent to Antiochus  Q  Minucius Thermus a colonel and his own brother  L  Manlius  who had just returned from Oroanda with the money which he was sent for  They were to take the same oath from Antiochus and to ratify all its conditions   Livy       with Appian  p","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3134,"EventTxt":"The proconsul wrote his letters to Q  Fabius Labeo  who commanded the navy to come away immediately to Patara  He was to burn or destroy all the king s ships that were there   Polyb    Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3135,"EventTxt":"Labeo left Ephesus and came to Patara  There he burned or destroyed   ships of the king s  On the same journey  he recovered Thelmessus  The men there were surprised by the sudden coming of the Roman fleet  He sailed from Lycia  He sent word to Ephesus for those who were left there to follow him  He came through the middle of the islands on his way into Greece  He stayed a few days at Athens until his ships from Ephesus came  Then the whole fleet sailed for Italy   Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3136,"EventTxt":"According to the peace treaty  the proconsul received the elephants from Antiochus which were at Apamea  according to Polybius  He gave them all to Eumenes  He then heard the disagreements between the cities and states resulting from the war and the new peace  Ariarathes king of Cappadocia had half his fine removed for Eumenes  sake  to whom he had then recently betrothed his daughter   Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3137,"EventTxt":"At Apamea  the proconsul and the   commissioners heard all that came  They selected neutral places by the consent of all parties  to hear about the differences between city and city with respect to boundaries  revenue and the like  The proconsul and the commissioners for ever relieved the Colophonians who lived in Notium  the inhabitants of Cyma and Mylassa from paying tribute  The Clazomenae were freed from tribute and the Drymussa Island opposite their city was assigned to them  The Milesians were restored the place called Sacer Ager  that is  the holy country  They had abandoned it from fear of their enemies  For their zeal and readiness to help in the war  the peoples of Chios  Smyrna and Erythrae were given all the lands they wanted to have  They were given a singular recommendation for their actions  They of Phocaea had their laws and liberties fully restored to them along with all the territory which they possessed before the war began   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3138,"EventTxt":"They gave to Ilium  the cities and lands of Rhaetaeus and Gergithus  This was not so much for any great service which they had done but because these peoples were all related from the distant past   Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3139,"EventTxt":"Before there where a few places  belonging to Pergamus and its jurisdiction  that is  only to the sea side near Elais and Adramyttium according to Strabo         p      They gave to Eumenes  Lysimachia and the Chersonese of Thracia on the European side  In Asia he received all Lycaonia  Myllus  Phrygia the greater and the less and all the countries of Lydia and Ionia  The towns which were free when the battle was fought with Antiochus were exempted  They also gave him Thralles  Ephesus and Telmessus in Lycia  Since he had previously controlled Mysia and king Prusias had captured it  this land was restored to him  They deferred the allocation of Pamphysia to the senate  Eumenes  ambassadors said it was on this side of the Taurus Mountains and the ambassadors of Antiochus said it lay beyond it   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3140,"EventTxt":"The two Rhodian ambassadors Theaetaetus and Philophron  desired that they might have Lycia and Caria  according to a former decree of the Senate  Hipparchus and Satyrus  the ambassadors from Ilium  most earnestly asked the commissioners to consider the blood ties between them and the Lycians and to pardon the Lycians  The commissioners tried to satisfy both parties as best they could  They did not fine the Lycians as a favour to those from Ilium  However  they assigned the whole country of the Lycians to the Rhodians to satisfy their wishes too  The city of Telmessus and its forts and the country belonging to Ptolemy of Telmessus were not given to Rhodes  Caria and all beyond the Meander River was given to the Rhodians except for those places  which were free the day before the battle at Magnesia against Antiochus","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3141,"EventTxt":"The Lycians protested publicly that they would risk anything rather than be subject to Rhodes  They claimed that they were assigned by the commissioners friends and associates to them not as subjects","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3142,"EventTxt":"The commissioners according to the articles of the peace  demanded Hannibal from Antiochus  When Antiochus told Hannibal this  he fled from there and went to Gortyna in Crete   Justin       c       Emil  Prob  in Hannib   Yet the story is that when Antiochus was defeated by the Romans  Hannibal first fled to Artaxras in Armenia  Hannibal gave him much good counsel  He told him to build the capital city in Armenia  which was named after him and called Artaxata or Artaxiasata   Plut  in Lucullo  Strabo        p      Artaxias and Thariades or Zariadres were two captains in Antiochus  army  By his consent they previously ruled over all Armenia  The one man ruled over Greater Armenia and the other over the lesser  After Antiochus  defeat  they joined with the Romans and from them each obtained the title of a king in his own dominions   Strabo Ibid  p         It is most likely  that at the time when they made friends with the Romans  Hannibal escaped from there also and fled into Crete","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3143,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus had lost all of Asia  he said that he was very grateful to the Romans  for taking that troublesome area from him and confining him to a more mangeable estate   Cic  pro Dejotaro  Valer  Maxim        c","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3816,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3816c AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3144,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Manlius and the   commissioners had now settled all things  they went with the whole army toward the Hellespont and planned to settle matters in Galatia on the way   Polyb  Legat     c","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3817a AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3145,"EventTxt":"They summoned those petty kings to them and gave them conditions of peace as they thought fit  The substance of it was this  They should keep peace with Eumenes and warned them to stop their warring customs and stay within their own lands   Livy        These lands were that part of Phrygia  Paphlagonia  Mysia  where it borders on the mount Olympus and Cappadocia  This was occupied before by them and was now called Galatia   Zonar ea Dione   We read APC IMa     that the Romans imposed a tribute on them  When the Romans had chastised the Galatians for their insolence towards them  they assumed the entire sovereignty of Asia on this side of the Taurus Mountains  They made the mountains the eastern boundary empire for that time  They spared the inhabitants there from that terror which they were formerly in from those fierce and barbarous Gauls   Polyb        p     with Manlius his Oration  in Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3817a AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3146,"EventTxt":"Manlius gathered all the ships which he could get in all that coast  Eumenes with his ships came to him  He used them to cross into Europe with his army   Livy","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3817a AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3147,"EventTxt":"Antiochus marched with his army into his upper provinces  or as Jerome on Da     speaks  going to the remotest cities of his dominions   He proclaimed his son Seleucus Philopator to be his successor  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-188,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4526,"Dating":"3817a AM, 4526 JP, 188 BC"}
{"Index":3148,"EventTxt":"Whether Antiochus felt over burdened with the heavy tribute imposed by the Romans or was just greedy and used the Roman tribute as an excuse  he committed sacrilege on his gods  He heard that the temple of Jupiter Belus in Elimaiis had large quantities of silver  gold and other precious jewels that were offered there  He planned to seize it all  He came into Elemaiis and pretended that the inhabitants of that place had revolted from him  At night  his army raided the temple and took an enormous amount of wealth from there  When the people heard of this  the peasants of the country came in and attacked his army and slew both him and them   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p        Strabo        p     Justin        c      Jerome on Da   says that he was slain in a fight against the inhabitants of Elemaiis  However  Arel  Victor   de Vir  Illustr   tells us  that he was slain by his drinking companions  Some of these he had beaten in a drunken fit and misused at a feast  Zonaras notes correctly from Dion  that this happened in the year when C  Flaminius and Emilius Lepidus were consuls of Rome","YearBCAD":-187,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"JulPer":4527,"Dating":"3817 AM, 4527 JP, 187 BC"}
{"Index":3149,"EventTxt":"After his death Seleucus  surnamed Philopator  or as Josephus         c      Soter  which was indeed the surname of his son Demetrius  succeeded him in the kingdom  He reigned   years and was a lazy man and not powerful because of his father s great defeat by the Romans   Appian  in Syriac  p     with Porphy  Euseb    Severns  Sulpitius   When he assumed the kingdom  he had a son called Demetrius whose surname was Soter  According to Polybius  Legat      he was   years old when his uncle Antiochus Epiphanes  died  It is this Seleucus who is referred to in APC     vv When the Holy City lived in all peace  its laws were excellently well executed by reason of the piety of Onias the high priest  He was an utter enemy to all ungodliness  It came to pass that even kings themselves honoured this place and adorned the temple with many rich offerings  Seleucus himself  king of Asia  furnished all the cost out of his own coffers for the public ministry of the sacrifices","YearBCAD":-187,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:1-3","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3817,"JulPer":4527,"Dating":"3817 AM, 4527 JP, 187 BC"}
{"Index":3150,"EventTxt":"When Philopoemen was praetor or chief magistrate of the Achaeans  Demetrius of Athens came as an ambassador of Ptolemy from Alexandria to renew his league with the Achaeans  They were very glad for this and sent to him their ambassadors  Lycortas  father to Polybius the historian  Theodoridas and Rhositeles of Sicyone  They were to take their oath to the king and also to receive his oath to them   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-187,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3817,"JulPer":4527,"Dating":"3817 AM, 4527 JP, 187 BC"}
{"Index":3151,"EventTxt":"Cn  Manlius Vulso  contrary to the votes of the   commissioners  held a triumph in Rome over the Gauls in Asia  on the  th day of March   Livy             Hannibal  having nothing else to do  wrote a book in Greek about the consul s deeds in Asia  He learned Greek from Sosilus  a Lacedemonian at Ilium who wrote the deeds of Hannibal in   volumes  according to Diod  Sic          Eclog","YearBCAD":-186,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3818,"JulPer":4528,"Dating":"3818 AM, 4528 JP, 186 BC"}
{"Index":3152,"EventTxt":"When Aristaenus was praetor or chief magistrate in Achaia  the ambassadors returned home who were sent from there to king Ptolemy  The general assembly of that country met at Megalopolis  Before it Lycortas declared that according to their commission they had taken their oath to the king and received his oath to them  He added that they had brought a present from the king to the people of Achaia  They received enough brass arms to furnish   targateers and   talents of brass in ready coin   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-186,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3818,"JulPer":4528,"Dating":"3818 AM, 4528 JP, 186 BC"}
{"Index":3153,"EventTxt":"Eumenes also sent his ambassadors to that meeting  to renew the league with them which had formerly been between them and his father  He promised to give them   talents to loan at interest  so that its income would help defray the cost of those who periodically came to their assemblies  They were all tempted by his generousity  but declined it   Polyb  Legat       Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-186,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3818,"JulPer":4528,"Dating":"3818 AM, 4528 JP, 186 BC"}
{"Index":3154,"EventTxt":"Eumenes  ambassadors came to Rome  to request the ownership of the cities of Thracia  Enus and Maronaea which they claimed belonged to Eumenes which the Romans had given to him  They complained that Philippus  King of Macedonia had seized them by force and put garrisons in them  He had taken from there some inhabitants and settled them in Macedonia  To settle the matter  the senate sent Q  Caecilius Metellus  M  Baebius and Tib  Sempronius as a commission to Thessalonica to hear both sides of the dispute   Polyb  Legat        Livy","YearBCAD":-185,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3819,"JulPer":4529,"Dating":"3819 AM, 4529 JP, 185 BC"}
{"Index":3155,"EventTxt":"When they returned to Rome  the ambassadors on either side said there was nothing but what they had already said before the commissioners at Thessalonica  The senate decreed a second commission  under Ap  Claudius  with instructions to expel all garrisons from Enus and Maronaea and to take all the sea coast of Thracia from the jurisdiction of Philippus and his Macedonians   Polyb  Legat          Livy","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3156,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Arcus and Alcibiades  the two head men of Sparta came to Rome  In the senate they complained bitterly about Achaeans  Thereupon the senate thought fit to refer that cause to the same commissioners   Polyb  Legat     Pausan  in Achaic  p","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3157,"EventTxt":"Lycortas of Megalopolis  Polybius  father  the praetor of Achaia  called an assembly of the country  At it  Arcus and Alcibiades  who went to complain of them at Rome  were condemned to die for that act   Livy       Pausan  in Achaic  p","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3158,"EventTxt":"A while after  the Roman ambassadors came into Achaia and the common council of Achaia met before them at Clitore in Arcadia   Livy       Polyb  Legat      Their coming did not please the Achaeans especially when they saw Arcus and Alcibiades  whom they in a recent assembly had condemned to death  come with the ambassadors  Lycortas  like a magistrate  pleaded and upheld the cause of the Achaeans very boldly  However  the commissioners did not pay much attention to what he said and declared publicly and with joint consent that Arcus and Alcibiades were honest men  They had done the Achaeans no wrong at all and prevailed so far as to have the sentence against them reversed   Livy       Pausan  in Achaic  p","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3159,"EventTxt":"When Hannibal had lived a long time very quietly at Gortyna in Crete  many envied him because of his great wealth  He filled some large chests with lead and deposited them in the temple of Diana as a treasure for safe keeping       Thereupon the people  having such a pledge as that from him  were less envious of him  In the meantime he stole away to Prusias  surnamed  as I said before  the Hunter  king of Bithynia  He melted his gold into hollow statues of brass which he carried away with him   Justin        c       Emil  Probus  in Hannibal","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3160,"EventTxt":"A little later Prusias broke his league with Eumenes  king of Pergamus now that he had Hannibal to manage his war for him   Justin        c      There was a fierce war between them on both land and sea  However  Eumenes with the help of the Romans  over powered him  Since Prusias was poor and weak  Hannibal procured for him the help of some other kings and states and those from very warlike countries   Emil  Prob   Among them  he got the help of Philippus  king of Macedonia  who sent him Philocles his general with a large army to help him   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3820,"JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3820 AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3161,"EventTxt":"In the  th Olympiad when M  Claudius Marcellus and Q  Fabius Labeo  first entered into their consulship  an embassy from Eumenes carried by Athenaeus his youngest brother came to Rome  He brought with him a crown of gold of     talents  He complained that Philippus had not withdrawn his garrisons from Thracia and that he sent help to Prusias  king of Bithynia  who had wilfully broken his league and made war on Eumenes   Polyb  Legat     Livy        With the other ambassadors from Lacedemon  Arcus and Alcibiades came to the senate   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-184,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4530,"Dating":"3821a AM, 4530 JP, 184 BC"}
{"Index":3162,"EventTxt":"After Prusias was defeated by Eumenes on land  he tried to defeat him at sea but was too weak for Eumenes  Hannibal advised him to try to accomplish by craft what he could not do through plain force  Therefore  he put a number of all sorts of snakes into earthen vessels  In the middle of the fight these were to be hurled aboard the enemy s ships  He ordered his soldiers and sea men  to attack only the ship that Eumenes was in and defend themselves from the rest as well as they could using these snakes  So that they would most certainly know what ship Eumenes was in  Prusias sent beforehand a letter to him by a herald  It was full of contempt and abuses against Eumenes  Therefore  when the battle was started  Prusias  men fought only against the ship which Eumenes was in  Thereupon he was forced to flee  He would have died had he not landed on a shore where he had placed beforehand a company of troops for such emergencies  When Eumenes  other ships pressed close to the enemy  they threw their earthen pitchers full of snakes at them  These landed on the decks and broke releasing the snakes  At first this seemed ridiculous to them  When they could not move anywhere in the ship for the snakes and found themselves as bothered by their bites as with the arrows of their enemy  they abandoned the fight  and fled to their sea camp on the shore   Justin       c     Emil  Prob  in Hannibal","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3163,"EventTxt":"Hannibal s tricks defeated Eumenes in that battle  In various other engagements Hannibal used various tricks to overcome Eumenes  Once when he advised Prusias to fight he would not because he said the entrails of the beasts forbid him to  Hannibal replied  vv What  will you rely more on a little piece of flesh in a calf than on the judgment of an old experienced captain in the field   Cic  De Divinae        Plut  in his Treatise  De Exile  Valer Max        c","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3164,"EventTxt":"Now when news of these doings came to Rome  ambassadors were sent immediately by the senate to make a peace between the two kings and to demand Hannibal from Prusias  Polybius  Legat      tells us that Ti  Qu  Flaminius was sent ambassador at that time to both Prusias and also to Seleucus  king of Syria  Livy        from Galerius Antias  says that Lu  Scipio Asiaticus and P  Scipio Nasica were sent as a commission with him to Prusias","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3165,"EventTxt":"Agesipolis  who before his legal age of maturity was king of Sparta  was sent with others to Rome from those who were banished from Lacedemon  On the way he was killed by pirates   Polyb  Legat      Agesipolis was the son of Cleomenes the king of Sparta  who was slain in Alexandria   See note on   AM  He was legally taken for their king by the Ephori but was turned out again by those usurping tyrants who took over that state  They were Lycurgus  Machanidas and Nabis   Polyb        p     Now that the lawful king was dead  Arcus   of whom I spoke before from Polybius  Livy and Pausanias  was a most earnest and strong defender of his country s liberty against the Achaeans now that their power was now controlled by the Romans  He seems to have acquired the title of a king among them  Both writer  Josephus Antiq        c      Euseb  in Chron   state that Arcus the king of Lacedemon sent an embassy with his letters to Onias the  rd   the son of Onias  the high priest at Jerusalem  These letters are preserved in Josephus   Josephus Antiq        c     APC I    This book was translated from the Hebrew   for that book was originally written in Hebrew  as Jerome shows  and retains everywhere the brevity and Hebrewisms of it  In these letters  mention is made of the blood relationship between the Jews and Lacedemonians  This seems to have been taken from the mythological writings of the Greeks  An example of Claudius Iolaus in Stephanus Byzantinus in the word Judea  That name of the Jews came from Judeus Sportones  a fellow soldier of Bacchus in his wars  Although Pausanias in his Corinthiaca   p      assures us that the names of Sportones was completely unknown to the Spartan or Lacedemonians of his time","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:1-23","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3166,"EventTxt":"Eumenes started to make war with Prusias king of Bithynia and Ortyagon  one of the kings of the Gauls   Prolog  Trogi        with Polyb","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3167,"EventTxt":"think the death of Hannibal  happened in the consulship of L  Emilius Paulus and Cn  Baelius Pamphilus  for Polybius and Valerius Max  state that  It was not in the year before as Atticus and Livy  who copied him  state  Nor was it in the following year as Sulpitius and in Emil  Probus   in Hannibal   write  Livy describes how he died   Livy       in Justin       c     in Plut  in the Life of I  Q  Flaminius to Dion  Quoted by Zonaras  in Emil  Brob  in Hannibal  and in Appianus in his Syriaca  p","YearBCAD":-183,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3821,"JulPer":4531,"Dating":"3821 AM, 4531 JP, 183 BC"}
{"Index":3168,"EventTxt":"Hannibal stayed in a little citadel Prusias had given him  He made   doors which did not look like doors from the outside  If anyone came to attack the place  they would not place any guards there because they appeared not to be doors  Therefore when he heard that the king s soldiers were in the porch to break in on him  he went to get out at one of those blind back doors  When he found that contrary to his expectation  men were there to take him and the place was totally surrounded  he poisoned himself with the poison he always carried with him  He died at the age of   years  Concerning his death it is said that there was this oracle long before uttered  vv The land of Lybia  Hannibal s corpse shall cover","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3169,"EventTxt":"The word Lybia or Lybyssa  he always understood of Lybia in Africa  However  it was a little village in Bithynia near the seaside also by the same name  Pliny says         c      vv There was in those parts  a little town called Lybyssa  where is now nothing worth seeing  but only Hannibal s tomb","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3170,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces king of Pontus suddenly attacked the city of Synope and captured it  It remained the possession of his and his successors from that time on   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3171,"EventTxt":"In the second year of the  th Olympiad ambassadors came to Rome from the two kings  Eumenes and Pharnaces who were at war with each other  Ambassadors came from Rhodes and complained of the injustice done to them at Synope  by Pharnaces  Thereupon Marius and others in commission with him were sent as ambassadors to examine the case of Synope and to compose all differences between the two kings   Polyb  Legat          Livy","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3172,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus  the son of Josephus  and nephew of Tobias  was sent to Seleucus to gather his tributes on the east side of the Jordan River  He built a good and most fortified citadel all of white marble which he called Tyros  It was located in the regions of Arabia and Judea on the other side Jordan not far from the land of Heshbon  He was governor of all that region during the last   years of Seleucus  reign  All that time there was a constant war with the Arabians and he made large slaughters of them  besides taking many prisoners and slaves   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3173,"EventTxt":"Marcius and his commissioners returned to the senate after they investigated the situation between Eumenes and Pharnaces  They reported to the senate what they found  They said that Eumenes was fair and temperate in all his ways  However  Pharnaces was very greedy and hot tempered   Polyb  Legat      They said he was the most violent and dangerous king they ever saw   Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-182,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3822,"JulPer":4532,"Dating":"3822 AM, 4532 JP, 182 BC"}
{"Index":3174,"EventTxt":"Ariarathes king of Cappadocia joined in with Eumenes of Pergamus to make war on Pharnaces  king of Pontus  All three at the same time sent their ambassadors to Rome  When the senate had heard them all  they said that they would send commissioners once more into those parts with power to hear and determine all matters between them   Id  id  with       p     Livy","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3175,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces scorned the Romans and sent Leocritus in the middle of winter with an army of     men  to harass and ravage all the country of Galatia   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3176,"EventTxt":"The next spring  Pharnaces in person  mustered all his forces as if he would have attacked Cappadocia   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3177,"EventTxt":"Eumenes was grieved to see him transgress all bounds of law and honesty as he did  He and his brother Attalus who had recently returned from Rome  marched into Galatia against Leocritus  They did not find him there  When Carsignatus  or rather Epossognatus  as Fulvius Ursinus thinks it should be  and Gazotarius sent their ambassadors to desire them not to harm them for they were ready to do whatever they were told to do  Eumenes rejected them as men who had previously falsified and broken their faith and word to him  They went on against Pharnaces   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3178,"EventTxt":"At the end of the   day march  Eumenes with his brother came from Calpito or Calpia  a city of Bithynia to the Halys River  On the  th day they came to Amisus  a city in Cappadocia  Here Ariarathes the king of that country  had joined his army with theirs  They all came into the plain of Amisus and they pitched camp  They were barely settled when news came that the commissioners came from Rome to make a peace between them  Thereupon Eumenes sent away his brother Attalus to welcome them into those parts  In the meantime he doubled his army and put them all into the best shape he could   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3179,"EventTxt":"The commissioners arrived and asked both parties to be at peace  Eumenes and Ariarathes replied with all their hearts they wanted peace and to do whatever else they would be pleased to ask  When the commissioners asked that during the treaty they would withdraw their forces from the enemy s country  Eumenes readily assented and the next morning ordered his forces back into Galatia   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3180,"EventTxt":"The commissioners then talked with Pharnaces and could not get him to come to any conference if Eumenes would be there  After much adieu  they persuaded him to send his ambassadors to some place by the sea side with full power there to make an agreement and that he would abide by the agreement  When his ambassadors came to the appointed place the conference began  Eumenes was ready to yield to any conditions but the ambassadors of Pharnaces behaved in such a way that the commissioners easily knew that Pharnaces had no intention of coming to any agreement   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3181,"EventTxt":"So the conference broke off and no peace was made between them  When the commissioners left Pergamus and Pharnaces  ambassadors departed  the war went on between them as before  Eumenes started to prepare all things necessary for it on his part  However  at the earnest insistance of the Rhodians  who desired his help against the Lycians  he let Pharnaces alone for that time and went to help them   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3182,"EventTxt":"Leocritus  the general of Pharnaces  Forces  besieged Pius  or rather Teios  a town in Pontus  He forced the garrison which consisted of all mercenary soldiers  to surrender the town to him on the condition that they were granted safe conduct  Later Leocritus received an order from Pharnaces to kill them all because they had previously offended him  He pursued them on the way and killed them all   Diod  Sec  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3183,"EventTxt":"When Seleucus had assembled a reasonably sized army  he went to help Pharnaces  He was ready to cross the Taurus Mountains and then remembered that he was breaking the peace agreement with the Romans  He followed good advice  stopped the expedition and returned home again   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-181,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3823,"JulPer":4533,"Dating":"3823 AM, 4533 JP, 181 BC"}
{"Index":3184,"EventTxt":"After this  Pharnaces entered an agreement with Attalus and the rest  They entered into a solemn league between them  Eumenes at that time was sick at Pergamus but was now well  When all was ratified that Attalus had done  he returned to Eumenes  He then sent him and the rest of his brothers to Rome  Everyone who knew what service they had done for the Romans in the wars in Asia  welcomed them heartily  The senate provided lodgings and a generous allowance for them at the public expense  Attalus complained to the senate of the wrongs that Pharnaces had done to them  He desired them to chastise him according to the severity of his offence  They answered him graciously and promised to send commissioners there  who would make a final accord between them   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Legat","YearBCAD":-180,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3824,"JulPer":4534,"Dating":"3824 AM, 4534 JP, 180 BC"}
{"Index":3185,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Epiphanes desired a closer alliance with the Achaeans  He sent his ambassadors to them and promised them   ships  each of   oars a piece fully outfitted  The Achaeans considered that the offer was too good to be refused  as it amounted to the value of almost   talents  They willingly accepted it  They sent him their ambassadors  Lycortas with his son Polybius   that is  the historian  even though he was legally too young to be an ambassador  They sent with them  Aratus  the son of Aratus the Sicyonian  with instructions both to thank the king for the arms and money  which he had previously sent them through Lycortas  They were to receive from him the   promised ships and to bring them into Peloponese  However  the embassy never went further than Achaia because they received news that Ptolemy had died   Diod  Legat","YearBCAD":-180,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3824,"JulPer":4534,"Dating":"3824 AM, 4534 JP, 180 BC"}
{"Index":3186,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy laid a trap to take Seleucus in  he sent on foot an army to go against him  One of his captains asked him  where he would get money to go through with what he planned to do  He replied  vv His friends were his treasure","YearBCAD":-180,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3824,"JulPer":4534,"Dating":"3824 AM, 4534 JP, 180 BC"}
{"Index":3187,"EventTxt":"This saying spread quickly and his friends and captains in the army heard it  They thought it meant that he planned to enrich himself by impoverishing them  So they poisoned him   Jerome on Da      Ptolemy Epiphanes  in Priscian the grammarian  is said by Cato to have been a most excellent and bountiful king  The truth is that for a long time  he carried himself very nobly and well  Later he was influenced by some followers of the court  He had Aristomenes whom he had formerly honoured as a father  to drink hemlock which killed him  He did more acts of violence and cruelty and ruled his people more like a tyrant than a king  By these actions  he was so hated and despised by his subjects that they were ready to depose him   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-180,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3824,"JulPer":4534,"Dating":"3824 AM, 4534 JP, 180 BC"}
{"Index":3188,"EventTxt":"At his death  he left two sons who were not of legal age  The oldest was called  Philometor  the younger  Physcon   Josephus        c      Ptolemaeus Philometor  whom Epiphanius incorrectly calls him Philopator  reigned after his father    years   Clan  Ptolemaus  in Can  Reg  Clemens Alexandrinus  Eusebius   Others tell us the same less three months only","YearBCAD":-180,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3824,"JulPer":4534,"Dating":"3824 AM, 4534 JP, 180 BC"}
{"Index":3189,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces found himself out powered by this unexpected and violent coming on of the enemy  He sent his ambassadors to Eumenes and Ariarathes and sued for peace  So this war between Eumenes and Ariarathes on the one side and Pharnaces and Mithridates the king of Armenia on the other concluded on these conditions  Pharnaces would not enter Galatia  He would break off all former agreements and leagues made with the Galatians  He would likewise leave Paphlagonia  The inhabitants he deported from there  he would now return home again with their arms  He would restore to Ariarathes  all the places which he had taken from him along with any hostages he had received from him  He would restore all the prisoners which he had taken without a ransom  He would turn over those who had left their king and defected to him  He would restore to Morzias and Ariarathes the   talents which he had taken from them and   more to Eumenes for his war expenses  Mithridates the king of Armenia would pay   talents for making war on Ariarathes which broke the league which he had made with Eumenes  This league  included all the important men of Asia and Artaxias  a petty king of the greater part of all Armenia and Acusilochus  On the European side  Gatalus of Sarmatia  and the free states of Heraclea  Mesembrya  Chersonesus  and Cyzicum were part of this league  As soon as the hostages came from Pharnaces  the armies broke up and every man went to his own home   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-179,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3825,"JulPer":4535,"Dating":"3825 AM, 4535 JP, 179 BC"}
{"Index":3190,"EventTxt":"Teius was a town in Pontus which Prusias was to restore to Eumenes according to the league  Eumenes freely gave it back to him again and Prusias thanked him for that   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-178,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3826,"JulPer":4536,"Dating":"3826 AM, 4536 JP, 178 BC"}
{"Index":3191,"EventTxt":"After the death of Philippus  king of Macedonia  his son Persius  or Perseus succeeded him in the year when Q  Fulvius and L  Manlius  were consuls at Rome  He reigned     years  Livy        or rather   years    months as Porphyry more exactly says   Seal  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-178,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3826,"JulPer":4536,"Dating":"3826 AM, 4536 JP, 178 BC"}
{"Index":3192,"EventTxt":"This begins the third period of Calippus","YearBCAD":-178,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3826,"JulPer":4536,"Dating":"3826 AM, 4536 JP, 178 BC"}
{"Index":3193,"EventTxt":"The Lycians sent their ambassadors to Rome to complain of the cruelty of the Rhodians  They were made subject to them by L  Carnelius Scipio  He said that the bondage which they endured under Antiochus in comparison to this was an excellent kind of liberty and freedom  They said there was now no difference between them and the very slaves whom they bought in the market  The senate was moved with this piteous complaint and gave them their letters to carry to the Rhodians  They had the Rhodians remember that the Romans put the Lycians under their rule and protection  However  they were still to be free states under the sovereignty of the people of Rome   Livy","YearBCAD":-178,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3826,"JulPer":4536,"Dating":"3826 AM, 4536 JP, 178 BC"}
{"Index":3194,"EventTxt":"Prusias married the sister of Perseus and Perseus the daughter of Seleucus called Laodice  The Rhodians with their fleet received and conveyed her into Macedonia to her husband   Livy       Polyb  Legat     Appia  Legat","YearBCAD":-177,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3827,"JulPer":4537,"Dating":"3827 AM, 4537 JP, 177 BC"}
{"Index":3195,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians persisted in their ways and now made an open war on the poor Lycians  The men of Xanthus sent their embassies for help to the Achaeans and to the people of Rome  Nicostratus headed up the embassy   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-177,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3827,"JulPer":4537,"Dating":"3827 AM, 4537 JP, 177 BC"}
{"Index":3196,"EventTxt":"The Lycians were already subdued by the Rhodians before their ambassadors could get an hearing with the senate of Rome  It was not until Tiberius and Claudius the consuls of that year had gone out against the Istrians and Agrians  that they saw the senate  When they were admitted  they plainly showed them the cruelty and oppression of the Rhodians against the poor Lycians that they prevailed with the senate to send ambassadors to Rhodes  They were to let them know  that when the senate had perused the acts and records which the   commissioners drew up in Asia  they found this  The Lycians  were by the Romans consigned to the Rhodians not as a gift to do with as they liked but to use them as friends and associates  This message was liked by the common sort in Rome who were offended with the Rhodians for their officiousness in bringing home Perseus  wife to him  They would have been content  to have seen the Rhodians and the Lycians fight it out so that the Rhodians might have some opporuniuty to spend their treasure and provisions which they had so much of        Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-177,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3827,"JulPer":4537,"Dating":"3827 AM, 4537 JP, 177 BC"}
{"Index":3197,"EventTxt":"When the Roman commissioners came to Rhodes  the inhabitants were in an uproar  They said that since all things were now well settled in Lycia  why did they want to give an opportunity for more trouble there  When the Lycians heard what declaration the senate had made on their behalf  they began to revolt and protest publicly that they would endure anything to recover their just rights and liberty again  The Rhodians thought that the senate had been misinformed and abused by some false accusations from the Lycians  They sent Lycophron their ambassador  to Rome  When the senate had heard his errand they gave him an immediate answer   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-176,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3828,"JulPer":4538,"Dating":"3828 AM, 4538 JP, 176 BC"}
{"Index":3198,"EventTxt":"Simon was a man of the tribe of Benjamin  and the head keeper of the temple  He had a disagreement with Onias the  rd  the high priest  When he could not get his way  he went to Apollonius the governor of Coelosyria and Phoenicia  He told him  that there was am enormous amount of money in the treasury of the temple which the priests made no use of  Therefore it would be better in the king s coffers  When Apollimus told Seleucus this  he sent away his treasurer Heliodorus to Jerusalem to get the money from there  When he came  Onias the high priest told him  that it was true that there was some money in the temple  but that was the money of widows and orphans  who deposited it there for safe keeping  Some of the money belonged to Hyrcanus  the nephew of Tobias   See note on   AM   and was a most honourable person  All that was there amounted to less than   talents of silver and   of gold  Such was the holiness of the place and of the thing itself that no man should take the money  When Heliodorus disregarded the words of Onias and the tumult of the people who lamented the profaning of their temple  he was struck down by the angel of God in the very place  He was carried to his lodging half dead by his own servants that were around him  After he was restored to his health by the intercession and prayers to God made by Onias the high priest  he returned to Seleucus  He magnified the holiness of the temple and the power of God that dwelt there  This story is recorded in APC  Ma   and by Josephus in his book  psqi awtohratoroslogotnou  Josephus writes Apollonius for Heliodotus  Likewise do the Fasti Siculi   This shows that this event happened a little before the death of Seleucus  By the articles between Antiochus and the Romans  Antiochus was to change his hostages and send new ones instead of the old at the end of every three years  To replace Antiochus Epiphanes  the younger son of the former Antiochus who was then a hostage at Rome  APC IMa     Seleucus sent his son Demetrius   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-176,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3828,"JulPer":4538,"Dating":"3828 AM, 4538 JP, 176 BC"}
{"Index":3199,"EventTxt":"Simon the Benjamite  that traitor of his country and the one who told of the money deposited in the temple  accused Onias the high priest  Onias was a man who was well respected by the city and country of the Jews  Simon said Onias had incited Heliodorus against the Jews and plotted all the evil against him and the king  When matters went so far that many murders were committed by Simon and his faction in the city  Apollonius grew very angry and backed him up in what he did  Onias went to Seleucus  APC  Ma         The writer of Jason of Cyrenia seems to say  that Seleucus was dead before he came  Although Eusebius in his Chron  says  that he found him alive and had Simon banished by the king","YearBCAD":-176,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3828,"JulPer":4538,"Dating":"3828 AM, 4538 JP, 176 BC"}
{"Index":3200,"EventTxt":"So I have I brought this chronicle of Asia and Egypt to the beginning of the time of Antiochus Epiphanes and the history of the Maccabees  I shall continue it until the time of the utter destruction of Jerusalem under the Emperor Vespasian  This together with the Annals of the New Testament and a brief history of the church during that time until the beginning of the fourth century after Christ  I plan to make after this  if God grant me life and health  Glory be to God on High  FINIS Previous Next Table of Contents The Latter Part of THE ANNALS of JAM ES USSHER  A rchbishop of A rm agh  C ontaining besides that of the M ACCHABEES AND NEW TESTAM ENT The History of all the rem ark able Occurrences transacted during the ROM AN EM PIRE which began under C  Julius  and Octavian  W ith the m ost considerable Passages in all A sia and Egypt  CONTINUED From the beginning ofthe Reign of A ntiochus Epiphanes  to the beginning ofthe Empire of V espasian  and the utter D estruction and A b olition oftheTempleand Commonwealth ofthejews  LONDON  Printed by E   Tyler  for F Crook  and G  Bedell     THE EPISTLE TO THE READER","YearBCAD":-176,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3828,"JulPer":4538,"Dating":"3828 AM, 4538 JP, 176 BC"}
{"Index":3201,"EventTxt":"You have here the other volume of my annals  which you will find more fully the history of Rhodes and the isles between Asia and Europe  For although formerly  to make the work more manageable  I resolved to associate them with Greece  Yet considering  that in the division of the Eastern Empire  the province of the isles is attributed to the Asian part  I also thought good later to place them with Asia  Those things which I produce concerning this history  you have on the authority of the authors who relate them  I have left the judgment of such things to those learned men  who make it their business to deal with them  In the citing of Cornelius Tacitus  I have observed the edition of Bereggerus and Freinshemius since it is divided into chapters  Concerning the history of the apostolic times  it does not seem adequate  I shall  if God Almighty affords me life and strength to finish that work  give you an account in my Sacred Chronology  James Ussher Previous Next Table of Contents A CHRONICLE OF The Asiatic and Egyptian Affairs  carried on from the beginning of the times of the MACCHABEES  until the Destruction of the Jewish Commonwealth under Vespasian","YearBCAD":-176,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3828,"JulPer":4538,"Dating":"3828 AM, 4538 JP, 176 BC"}
{"Index":3202,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  son of Antiochus the Great  returned from Rome  where he was held hostage  and came to Athens  His brother Seleucus  by the treachery of Heliodorus was murdered  However  Eumenes and Attalus expelled Heliodorus  who planned to take over the kingdom of Syria  They gave Antiochus that kingdom  They hoped by this good turn  they might oblige him to be their friend  They began to grow jealous of the Romans through some small injustice they received   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3203,"EventTxt":"Demetrius  son of Seleucus  to whom the kingdom rightly belonged  was   years old and was held hostage at Rome at this time  Apollonius was raised with him and was a good friend of Seleucus  After the death of Seleucus  he left the court to Miletum   Polyb  Legat        The Syrians called their new king Antiochus  Epiphanes  or Illustrious  because when strangers tried to take over the kingdom  he appeared bravely to his people in vindication of his ancestor s title   Appia  in Syriac  p      Polybius thought he should be more correctly called Epimanes or the frantic because of his wild behaviour   apud Atheneum       c           c            c","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3204,"EventTxt":"When he became king of Syria  he behaved most unusually for a king  First he secretly left his royal palace and his servants knew nothing about it  He unadvisedly wandered about the city with only one or two companions with him  Moreover  he was pleased to talk and drink with the common people and with aliens and strangers of the lowest estate  If he heard of any young men that had a merry party  he came with his wine and music to the revels  This so startled those there at the strangeness of the action  that they either fled when he came or from fear sat still in silence  Lastly  he set aside his royal garment and put on a coat like the ones worn by the officials of Rome  He greeted every ordinary man that he met with and sometimes asked for a position of the edile or to be a tribune of the people  At last  by the will of the people  he obtained the place of a magistrate  According to the Roman custom  he sat in his ivory chair and gave judgment  He settled the law suits and disputes of the citizens with that industry and diligence that everyone who was wise  doubted his actions  Some think he was indiscrete  some imprudent and others mad   Diod  Sic  in Excertp  Vales  p         Atheneus also says the same things   in the previously cited      c             c     from Polybius  histories         Livy also translated this into his  st book  as one may see in that fragment  which Charles Sigonius falsely attributes to of Perseus","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3205,"EventTxt":"Antiochus began his reign in the  th  and died in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  or of the Macedonians  from the time of Seleucus   APC IMa         Johannes Malela Antiochenus  in his Chronicle says he ruled   years but Porphyrie  Eusebius  Jerome  Sulpitius Severus and others say only       To reconcile this we must say that at the end of the  th year Antiochus began to rule and at the beginning of the  th year  from the spring of the season  as this author uses to reckon  he ended his reign   viz       years plus a few months","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3206,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was not at the first acknowledged king by those that favoured Ptolemy Philometor  Some time later he obtained the title under the pretence of clemency  as Jerome states in his commentary upon the    th chapter of Daniel  He made an alliance with Eumenes and powerfully ruled over Syria and the neighbouring nations  The government of Babylon was committed to Timarchus but the custody of the treasury to Heraclidas  brother  The two brethren were united together by immoral commerce   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3207,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus  the son of Joseph  and grandchild of Tobias saw Antiochus become very strong  He feared least he come under his kingdom and would be punished for what he had done against the Arabians  He killed himself and Antiochus seized his whole estate   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3208,"EventTxt":"Jason  son of Simon the  nd  high priest  was weary of the high priesthood of Onias the  rd  his brother  So that he might obtain the priesthood himself  he promised Antiochus   talents of silver and   talents from other sources  Moreover he added   more talents if he was given authority to set up a gymnasium to train the youth at Jerusalem and subdue those of Jerusalem into the same conditions of the citizens of Antioch  The covetous king readily agreed to these conditions  Jason removed his brother Onias and became the high priest  When he had taken over the government  he began to treat his own country men like Greeks and he eliminated the royal privileges granted of special favour to the Jews obtained through John the father of Eupolemus who later went to be an ambassador to Rome  He put down the governments which were according to law and he brought in new customs which were contrary to the law  APC      Josephus affirms this that Onias the  rd who died about the time was removed and replaced by his brother Jesus who wished to be called Jason  After   years  Jason was removed from the high priesthood  by the actions of Menelaus  the new high priest and Tobais  sons  or grandchildren of Hyrcanus  brother   The Greek customs were introduced   Joseph  Antiq        c      However  the same writer  in his small treatise of the Maccabees  states the matters differently and close enough to the Maccabian account  except for the error in the annual tribute   Antiochus removed Onias from the high priesthood and substituted Jason his brother  He promised to pay him yearly   talents  When he became priest and leader of the people  he subdued the nation and abandoned their ancient manners and institutions and led them into all iniquity  He established a gymnasium in the fortress of our country and abolished the care of the temple","YearBCAD":-175,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:7-1","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3829,"JulPer":4539,"Dating":"3829 AM, 4539 JP, 175 BC"}
{"Index":3209,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Philometor   th year of Nabonasser and the  th Phamenoth according to the Egyptians   May  st  the moon was eclipsed   hours after midnight at Alexandria   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-174,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3830,"JulPer":4540,"Dating":"3830 AM, 4540 JP, 174 BC"}
{"Index":3210,"EventTxt":"The Greeks made a   month truce in their hostilities  Later a more serious war started  However  when Q  Minutius the legate came with   ships from the Romans to settle their disputes  they again hoped for peace   Livy","YearBCAD":-174,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3830,"JulPer":4540,"Dating":"3830 AM, 4540 JP, 174 BC"}
{"Index":3211,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Eumenes incited the Lycians to revolt from the Rhodians  Eumenes  garrisons attacked certain citadels and lands located in the utmost bounds of the opposite continent of the Rhodians   Polyb  Legat          Livy","YearBCAD":-174,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3830,"JulPer":4540,"Dating":"3830 AM, 4540 JP, 174 BC"}
{"Index":3212,"EventTxt":"Certain apostate Jews who agreed with Onias the false high priest  procured the authority from king Antiochus of living according to the ordinances of the Gentiles and erected a gymnasium beneath the very tower of Sion  They forced the main young men to submit to the laws of the school  by wearing an hat and by concealing their circumcision  When they were fighting naked they would still look like Greeks  So popular were the Greek fashions and the increase of heathen customs  that the priests had no courage to serve any more at the altar  They despised the temple and neglected the sacrifices  They eagerly became involved in the games   APC IMa        Ma       cf   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-174,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3830,"JulPer":4540,"Dating":"3830 AM, 4540 JP, 174 BC"}
{"Index":3213,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus attended the games that were held every  th year at Tyre  the impious Jason sent special messengers there from Jerusalem who were inhabitants of the city of Antioch  to carry   or  as it is much more correctly in the manuscript book of the Earl of Arundel s library     drachmes of silver to the sacrifice of Hercules  However  the bearers of the money used it to build ships  APC","YearBCAD":-174,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:18-20","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3830,"JulPer":4540,"Dating":"3830 AM, 4540 JP, 174 BC"}
{"Index":3214,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors sent from king Antiochus came to Rome  The head of the delegation was Apollonius whom the Roman ambassadors who were in Syria said was highly regarded by the king and most friendly to the Roman people  When they came into the senate  the brought the tribute due from the king  They excused the late payment of it  They also brought as a gift vessels of gold weighing   pounds  Apollonius added  vv The king requested that the society and friendship which was with his father  should be renewed with himself  The Roman people should lay such injunctions on him as were to be imposed on a faithful and confederate king  He would in no wise be lacking in any service to them  He noted that the attitudes of the senate were so great toward him while he was at Rome and such the civility of the youth that he was treated by all as a king and not as an hostage","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3215,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors received a kind answer and A  Attilius  mayor of the city  was asked to renew with Antiochus that league which was with his father  The treasurers of the city received the money  the censers and the golden vessels  It was committed to their charge to distribute to such temples as should be thought fitting  The ambassador was sent a reward of an     pieces of coin  His lodging was given to him gratis and his expenses paid while he stayed in Italy   Livy","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3216,"EventTxt":"Antiochus had a son  Antiochus Eupator born to him  He died at the age of   years   Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3217,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  the beloved mother of Ptolemy Philometor  the daughter of Antiochus the Great and the sister of Antiochus Epiphanes died  She had received from her father as a dowry  Coelosyria   or at least a great part of it   Eulaius the Eunuch  foster father of Philometor and Lomus was governing Egypt  He demanded Coelosyria from Antiochus Epiphanes since he claimed it was fraudulently seized  This was the basis of the war between the uncle and the youth  as Porphyrie relates from the Alexandrian Histories of Callinicus Sutorius   in Jerome on Da    The justification for Philometor in re demanding Coelosyria  was that Antiochus the Great  father of Epiphanes  unjustly took away Coelosyria from Ptolemy Epiphanes  father of Philometor  when he was under age  Later Antiochus restored it to him with his daughter Cleopatra as her dowry  Antiochus Epiphanes on the contrary asserted that from the time when his father overcame the father of Philometor at Parium  Coelosyria was always subject to the kings of Syria and firmly denied that it was given by his father to Cleopatra the mother of Philometor for her dowry   Polyg  Legat","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3218,"EventTxt":"At that time Philometor began to reign and the coronation ceremonies were performed   APC  Ma     Ptolemy  son of Dorymenis surnamed Macron  displayed his wisdom  When he had received the government of the island of Cyprus when the king was a child  he gave nothing of the king s money to the stewards  When the king became of age  he sent an enormous amount of money to Alexandria  The king and all the courtiers very highly commended his former parsimony   Polyb        in the collections of Valesius  p","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3219,"EventTxt":"Antiochus sent to Egypt Apollonius  son of Menestheus  to the coronation of Philometor the king  When he knew that he was in disfavour with Philometer  he fortified himself against him  When he came to Joppa  he took his journey to Jerusalem  He was honourably received by Jason and the city  He entered the city by torch light and with great shoutings  From there Antiochus went into Phoenicia with his army  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-173,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3831,"JulPer":4541,"Dating":"3831 AM, 4541 JP, 173 BC"}
{"Index":3220,"EventTxt":"Three years after Jason was made the high priest by Antiochus  he sent Menelaus  the brother of Simon the Benjamite a traitor  that he might bring to the king the promised money and advise him of necessary affairs  Menelaus used the opportunity of his embassy for his own advantage in the same way Jason usurped his brother Onias  Menelaus usurped Jason  He promised the king   talents of silver more than what Jason promised so that he would be the high priest instead of Jason   APC     Sever  Sulpic  Histor  Sacr         Josephus states that Menelaus was first called Onias and was brother to Onias the  rd and to Jason himself and the youngest son of Simon  the second  the high priest   Antiq        c     cf        c","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:23-25","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3221,"EventTxt":"When Menelaus secured the government of Judah  he expelled Jason into the country of the Ammonites  He did not pay any of the money which he had promised to the king  APC","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:25-27","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3222,"EventTxt":"When Cius Popilius Lenas and Publius Aelius Ligur were consuls  Valerius Antias states that Attalus  the brother of Eumenes came to Rome  He accused Perseus  the king of the Macedonians of crimes and wanted to know who was backing his war effort  The Annals of the most  and such to whom you would give the better credit  affirm that Eumenes came in person to Rome  Eumenes was entertained with the highest honour and brought into the senate  He said that the reason he came to Rome  besides the desire of seeing the gods and men by whose benefit he was in such a good state was that he might publicly advise the senate to oppose the actions of Perseus   Livy       Appian  Legat     a Fulv  Ursino  edit   This matter was kept so secret that before the war was finished and Perseus taken prisoner  it was not known what Eumenes said or what the senate replied   Livy       Valer  Maximus        c","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3223,"EventTxt":"Some days later  Satyrus a leader of the ambassadors of the Rhodians  accused Eumenes before the senate  He said Eumenes had stirred up the country of the Lycians against the Rhodians and was more troublesome in Asia than Antiochus  Although he made a good speech  Eumenes was still held in high regard by the Romans  He was given all honours  most generous gifts with a chariot of state and an ivory staff   Livy       Diod  Sic     Legat    a Fulv  Ursino  edit","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3224,"EventTxt":"Eumenes  returned from Rome into his kingdom  He left Cirra for the temple of Delphi that he might sacrifice to Apollo  On the way he was ambushed by men hired by Perseus  They tumbled down two vast stones on him  One bruised the king s head and the other injured his shoulder  They heaped many stones on him after he fell from a steep place  The next day  when he revived  his friends brought him to the ship  From there they sailed to Corinth  From Corinth  their ships were carried over the neck of the isthmus to Aegina  His recovery was kept so secret that the news of his death was reported to Asia and Rome   Livy       Appian  Legat","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3225,"EventTxt":"Attalus gave more credit to these reports than he should  He did not confer with the governor of the citadel of Pergamos as to who should be the next king  He assumed the kingdom and married Stratonice  his brother s wife  the daughter of Ariarathes  king of the Cappadocians  He rushed too quickly into her embraces  Not long afterwards  he heard that his brother lived and was coming to Pergamos  He set aside his diadem  He with the guard  according to custom  went to meet Eumenes and carried an halberd  Eumenes greeted him in a friendly and honourable manner  He cheerfully greeted the queen  However he whispered nevertheless into his brother s ear  Until thou seest that I am dead  Approach not rashly to my bed","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3226,"EventTxt":"Eumenes treated Attalus with the same friendship as before for the rest of his life in spite of these events   Livy       Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p     Plutarch in Apophthegm      pei fladelfia","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3227,"EventTxt":"For the recent wickedness of Perseus against him and for ancient hatred between their countries  Eumenes prepared a war with all his strength  Ambassadors came to him from Rome and congratulated him on his escape from so great a danger   Livy","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3228,"EventTxt":"After that  Ariarathes king of the Cappadocians  had by his wife Antiochis  daughter to Antiochus the Great  two daughters  and one son  The son was first named Mithredates and then called Ariarathes  His wife thought she would be barren and had procured two other sons for him  The king sent Ariarathes the older with a good estate to Rome  The younger was called Olophernes or Orophernes and was sent into Ionia  He did not want them to contend with his genuine son about the kingdom   Diod  Sic        in Photii  Bibliothec  cod      This year therefore he sent Ariarathes his genuine son to be educated at Rome and that from a child he might be accustomed to the manners and men of Rome  He requested that they would permit him to be not under the custody of hosts as is the custom of private individuals  He wanted him under the charge of public care and tuition  The embassy of the king was well received by the senate  They decreed that Cieius Sicinius the mayor  should appoint a furnished house where the king s son and his retinue might live   Livy","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3229,"EventTxt":"The Romans sent ambassadors to their confederate kings  Eumenes  Antiochus  Ariarathes  Masanissa and Ptolemy  king of Eygpt  Others were sent into Greece  Thessalie  Epirus  Acarnania and the islands  They were to unite in a war against Perseus   Appian  Legat      T  Claudius Nero and M  Decimius were sent to verify the loyalty of Asia and the islands  They were commanded also to go to Crete and Rhodes to renew their friendships  They were to discover whether the minds of their confederates had been courted by king Perseus   Livy","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3832,"JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3832 AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3230,"EventTxt":"When delegates that had been sent to the confederate kings had returned from Asia  they stated that they had conferred with Eumenes in Asia  Antiochus in Syria and Ptolemy in Alexandria  All of them had been solicited by the embassies of Perseus but had remained loyal to the Romans and promised to do what the Romans thought best  Likewise they reported that the confederate cities remained loyal with the possible exception of Rhodes who were inclined toward Perseus  The Rhodian ambassadors came to clear themselves of these charges which they knew were circulating as rumours  It was thought fitting that when the new consuls entered their office that a senate should be convened for them   Livy","YearBCAD":-172,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4542,"Dating":"3833a AM, 4542 JP, 172 BC"}
{"Index":3231,"EventTxt":"The consuls  P  Licinius  and C  Cassius  with all the kings and cities in Asia and Europe now turned their attention to the pending war between Macedonia and Rome  Eumenes was eager for the war because of ancient animosities between the two peoples and because Perseus had almost killed him at Delphi  Prusias king of Bithynia  resolved to stay out of the conflict  He did not think it proper to fight with the Romans against his wife s brother  If Perseus should win  he could easily obtain pardon through his wife who was the sister to Perseus  Ariarathes king of the Cappadocians promised to help the Romans  He had an alliance with Eumenes and joined all councils of war and peace  Antiochus eyed the kingdom of Egypt for he despised the youth of the king and the sloth of his tutors  He thought the dispute over Coelosyria would be a good reason for the war against Egypt  He could fight this war while the Romans were busy in the Macedonian war  However  he generously promised help to all the kings through his own delegates to the senate and to their ambassadors  The young Ptolemy was still controlled by his tutors  They prepared for war against Antiochus to retake Coelosyria  They also made generous promises for the Macedonian war   Livy        Ptolemy king of Egypt  Ariarathes of Cappadocia  Eumenes of Asia and Masanissa of Numidia all helped the Romans   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3232,"EventTxt":"Three ambassadors  A  Posthumius Albinus  C  Decius and A  Licvinius Nerva  were sent from the Romans to the Greeks who sent archers for the war   Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3233,"EventTxt":"Three other ambassadors  T  Clausius Tiberius  P  Posthuminus and M  Junius were sent into the islands and the cities of Asia  These were to urge their confederates to help fight against Perseus  They concentrated their efforts on the larger cities first for they knew that the smaller cities would follow the lead of the larger ones  The Rhodians were judged to be the wealthiest and have the most business interests in that region  They supplied   ships by the authority of Hegesilochus who was at that time in the Prytanis or head of the government  As soon as he knew the Romans planned to wage war with Perseus  he exhorted his citizens that they should ally themselves with the Romans  They should send the same help to the Romans they gave in the war with Antiochus and before that  with Philip  The Rhodians should enlist the help of their naval allies to assemble this fleet  They should eagerly do this to effectively kill the rumours spread by Eumenes against them  As a result of this when the ambassadors from Rome came  the Rhodians showed them a fleet of   ships prepared and equipped for war  Their action had a great influence on the rest of the cities of Asia   Livy       Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3234,"EventTxt":"After Perseus had a conference with the Romans  he wrote all the reasons supporting his position and what the other side alleged  This was so contrived to put him in a favourable light  This was copied and sent by couriers to the other cities  However  he ordered Antenor and Philip to go as ambassadors to Rhodes  When they came there  they gave the letters to the magistrates  After a few days the senate received a request from the Rhodians that for the present they would not get involved in this war on either side  If the Romans should undertake against the laws of the league to war with Perseus and the Macedonians  that they should endeavour to bring them to terms of the agreement which was in everyone s interest  The Romans should be more intent than others on preserving law and liberty since they were the guardians of the liberty of Greece and Rhodes  Therefore they ought to enforce the compliance of those who were not so inclined  When the ambassadors had spoken these things  their speech seemed reasonable to all  However the opposing side prevailed  On the other points  they yielded courteously toward the ambassadors  As a reply they requested Perseus  not to demand anything that would be against the will of the Romans  Antenor did not accept this and used the courtesy of the Rhodians to return into Macedonia   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3235,"EventTxt":"While the navy stayed around Cephalenia  Caius Lucretius the Roman praetor sent letters with the Romans requesting the ships to be sent to him  He gave that letter to Socrates the anointer of the wrestlers  to deliver  This came to Rhodes at the same time  when Strutocles was president of the counsel or Prytanis  for the later half of the year  When the matter was debated  it seemed fitting to Agathagetus  Rhodophon  Astymedes and many others that the Rhodians without any further delay should send those ships and ally themselves with the Romans  However  Dino and Polyeratus who did not approve of those things which had before been decreed in favour of the Romans  argued that the letter was not sent from the Romans but from Eumenes  the enemy of the Rhodians  Eumenes was determined to get them into the war and engage the people in unnecessary charges and troubles  They said that the letter was brought by an obscure person  an anointer of wrestlers to Rhodes  However the Romans use great care to pick out men of the choicest rank for such a task  Strutocles  the chief officer or Prytanis opposed these men and spoke much against Perseus and generously commended the Romans  He prevailed with the Rhodians that a decree of sending the ships should be made  Therefore of the   ships that were ready  they sent   under the command of Timagoras to Chalcis and one to Tenedos  under the command of the other Timagoras  This man could not take Diophanes himself whom he found at Tenedos when he was sent from Perseus to Tenedos  However  he took the ship with all its equipment   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3236,"EventTxt":"The Romans heard from the embassy that came from Asia about the state of the Rhodians and the rest of the cities  They convened a senate for the ambassadors of Perseus   Livy       Legat      At that time therefore  Solon and Hippias endeavoured to relate all the affairs and to lessen the tension  However  they defended the crime and treachery against Eumenes with special zeal because the matter was well known  When they had finished their speech  the senate  who had before decreed the war  denounced them and whoever else had happened to come from Macedonia to Rome  They should immediately depart from the walls of Rome and within   days be out of Italy   Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3237,"EventTxt":"Notice was sent to Eumenes that he should with his uttermost strength help in the war against Perseus   Justin        c      He came to Chalcis in Baeotia by sea with Attalus and Atheneus  his brothers  His brother Philetaetus stayed at Pergamos to safeguard the kingdom  From there with Attalus and   foot soldiers and   cavalry  he came into Thessalia to Licinius the consul  Atheneus was left at Chalcis with   foot soldiers  When Marius Lucretius came there with an army of     sea soldiers  he took these troops with him to the siege of Holiartus   Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3238,"EventTxt":"About the same time  warships arrived at Chalcis from their other confederates    Phoenician ships of   tiers of oars    from Heraclea from Pontus of   tiers of oars    from Chalcedon and as many from Samos  Moreover  Rhodes sent   ships of   tiers of oars   Livy        C  Leucretius  the praetor and brother of Marcus  returned the ships to the confederates when he saw there would be no naval war   Livy       Polyb  Legat     fin   However  the praetor with his brother attacked Haliartus  After it surrendered to him  he levelled it to the ground and then  without any opposition  took Thebes   Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3239,"EventTxt":"While these affairs were happening in Baeotia  Licinius the consul  Eumenes and Attalus in Thessalia  engaged Perseus  In the first conflict no one won a clear victory  About   men were killed of Eumenes  side  including Cassignatus  the captain of the Gauls  In the second battle Perseus won   Livy        Even though he won and asked for peace from Livinius  he did not get it   Livy       Polyb  Legat     Appian  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3240,"EventTxt":"Perseus sent Antenor to Rhodes for the redemption of the captives that sailed with Diophanes  In this business  there was a long discussion by them  who governed the country about what ought to be done  It seemed best to Piplophron and Theueretus  that the Rhodians should not entangle themselves in the affairs of Perseus  However Dinon and Polyaratus wanted to  At last they came to an agreement with Perseus concerning the captives   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3241,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus clearly saw Egypt preparing to wage war for Coelosyria  he sent Meleager as an ambassador to Rome  Through him he declared to the senate that he was wrongly invaded and Ptolemy was an ally of Rome as he was  Allies should not be fighting with each other   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3242,"EventTxt":"When the war started between Antiochus and Ptolemy because of Coelosyria  the ambassadors of both kings came to Rome  Antiochus sent Meleager  Sosiphanes and Heraclides  Ptolemy sent Timothy and Damon  Meleager came that he might tell the senate that Ptolemy first wrongly provoked Antiochus and wanted to put him from a country that was rightfully his  Timothy was sent to renew the friendship with the Romans and to watch Meleager s dealings with the Romans  When he had renewed the friendship and received answers agreeable to his requests  he returned to Alexandria  The senate told Meleager that they would have Quintus Marcius write to Ptolemy about those matters as he should see expedient for the interest of the people of Rome and his own trust   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3243,"EventTxt":"Between Peleusium and Mount Casius  Antiochus defeated Ptolemy s commanders  He spared the king because of his youth and pretended to be his friend  He went up to Memphis and took over the kingdom  He said that he would be careful about the affairs of the land  So with a small company of people  he subdued all of Egypt   Porphyries ex Callinco Sutorio  apud Jerome on Da      At this time  Ptolemy Macron the son of Dorymenes  to whom Philometor had committed the government of Cyprus seems to have defected to Antiochus and surrendered to him the island  APC  Ma     Thereupon the care of Cyprus was committed to Crates   APC  Ma     He made Ptolemy the governor of Coelosyria and Phoenicia   APC  Ma      and admitted him into his inner circle of friends  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3833,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3833b AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3244,"EventTxt":"Jubilee","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3245,"EventTxt":"Perseus was defeated by Lycinius the consul  Eumenes  Attalus and Misagenes  duke of the Numidians  When Perseus came to Pella  he sent his army into their winter quarters  The consul returned to Latissa and sent Eumenes and Attalus home  He placed Misagenes with his Numidians and the rest of his army in their winter quarters throughout Thessalie   Livy","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3246,"EventTxt":"Sostratus  the governor of the citadel of Jerusalem was in charge of collecting the king s revenues there  When he requested the money promised to Antiochus by Menelaus both of them were summoned by the king to Antioch  Menelaus left his brother Lysimachus in charge of the high priesthood  Sostratus left in his place  Crates  who was governor of the Cypriotes  APC","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:27-29","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3247,"EventTxt":"In Cilicia  the men of Tarsus and Mallos revolted because Antiochus had given the revenue of their cities to Antiochis  his concubine  The king quickly came to appease them and left Andronicus in charge at Antioch  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3248,"EventTxt":"Menelaus took advantage of the king s absence  With the help of Lysimachus  the king s deputy  he stole some gold vessels from the temple at Jerusalem  Some he gave to Andronicus and some he sold in Tyre and the surrounding cities  When Onias the  rd and the legal high priest knew of this  he impeached Menelaus for this sacrilege  He hid himself in a sanctuary at Daphne that lies near Antioch   APC  Ma        There was in the middle of the woods a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo   Strabo       p      This spacious facility was built by Antiochus   Ammia  Marcellin","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3249,"EventTxt":"Andronicus  at the request of Menelaus  had Onias leave the sanctuary and promised him his safety  However  he had him murdered  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3250,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus returned from Cilicia to Antioch  the Jews which were in the city and many of other countries  complained to him of the unjust murder of the most holy old man  Antiochus was deeply moved to tears and commanded Andronicus to be disrobed and lead around the city  He was slain in the same place where he had murdered Onias   APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-171,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4543,"Dating":"3834a AM, 4543 JP, 171 BC"}
{"Index":3251,"EventTxt":"After many sacrileges had been committed at Jerusalem by Lysimachus with the consent of Menelaus  the people assembled against Lysimachus since many gold vessels were already taken away  To protect himself  he gathered   troops under Tyrannus  He was an old and foolish man  In the riot  some picked up stones  some large clubs  some picked up dust and threw this on Lysimachus and his soldiers  In the uproar  many were wounded  some were killed and the rest fled  Lysimachus was killed near the treasury   APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:39-42","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3252,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus came to Tyre  three men were sent from the elders at Jerusalem to testify against Menelaus as a partner in the sacrileges and wickedness of Lysimachus  However even though Menelaus was convicted  the king freed him when he was promised large sums of money by Ptolemy  the son of Dorymenes  Through Ptolemy  he was acquitted and allowed to continue as the high priest  The three innocent persons who pleaded for the city  people and the holy vessels were condemned to die  The men of Tyre gave them a magnificent funeral   APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:44-50","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3253,"EventTxt":"About that time  Antiochus prepared his second expedition into Egypt  It happened at Jerusalem that for   days  strange visions of armed horsemen and of foot soldiers in battle were seen in the air portending their future problems  APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:1-4","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3254,"EventTxt":"Antiochus planned to add the kingdom of Egypt to his own  He entered Egypt with a numerous company  with chariots  with elephants  with horsemen and a great navy  He made war against Ptolemy  king of Egypt who turned and fled away  Many were killed  Afterward they seized the fortified cities in the land and Antiochus took the spoils of Egypt  APC I","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:16-19","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3255,"EventTxt":"A false rumour of Antiochus  death was circulated  Jason took with him no less than   men and made a surprise attack on the city of Jerusalem  Menelaus fled into the citadel  but Jason slaughtered his own citizens and was not ashamed of this  However  he could not take over the government but fled away in shame  He returned back into the country of the Ammonites  He was accused before Aretus  the king of the Arabians and dared not show his face there  He was forced to flee from one city to another and was hated by all men because he forsook their laws  He was made a public enemy of his own country  APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:5-8","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3256,"EventTxt":"Antiochus heard in Egypt that the rumour of his death made the people of Jerusalem very glad  He suspected by the rebellion of Jason that Judea would revolt and was very angry   APC  Ma     Josephus in Libello de Maccabais  After that he had subdued Egypt in the  rd year of the Greeks or Seleucus  he went up against Israel and Jerusalem with a great multitude  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3257,"EventTxt":"Josephus  Antiq        c     writes that in the  rd year of the Seleucians  he took the city without a battle  The men of his own faction opened the gates to him  However  in APC  Ma   the city is said to have been taken by force of arms  Josephus in his first book and first chapter of the wars of the Jews  says that he took the city by force and adds that he was enraged with the memory of those things which he had endured in the siege  Moreover  while Antiochus besieged the city  the men of Jerusalem made an attack against him and were slain in the conflict  as Josephus affirms  in the sixth book of the same works   p","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3258,"EventTxt":"When the city was captured  the soldiers were ordered to kill anyone they met  Cruelly  they slew all sorts regardless of age or sex  In three days      men were missing      of whom were killed and the rest sold into slavery  APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:11-14","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3259,"EventTxt":"Antiochus was not content with this and he went into the temple  Menelaus who betrayed their laws and country was his guide  He wickedly seized the holy vessels  and whatever else was dedicated by other kings to the glory and honour of the place  APC  Ma       He took the golden altar  the candlesticks of light with all its vessels  the table of the shewbread  the pouring vessels  the vials  the censers of gold and the vail  He removed the crowns and the golden ornaments that were fastened to the temple doors  He pulled off the gold from everything that was covered with gold  He stole all the silver  lovely vessels and all the hidden treasures which he found  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3260,"EventTxt":"Polybius Megapolitanus  Strabo Cappadox  Nicolaus Damascenus  Timagenes Castor Chronographus and Apollodorus  wrote that Antiochus was short of money and broke his league  He assaulted the Jews  his confederates and friends and plundered the temple that was full of gold and silver and spared nothing of value   Josephus contr  Apion         His huge tribute to the Romans  forced him to gather money by pillaging and not to miss any opportunity of plundering   Sever  Sulpic  Sacr  Histor         Those who were the enemies of the Jews affirm that many other things were done by him because he hated the Jews and had contempt for their religion  In the  th book of Diodorus  Bibliotheca and from there in Photii  Bibliotheca  cod      this is stated  vv When Antiochus Epiphanes had overcome the Jews  he entered into the holy Oracle of God where the priests only might lawfully go  He found there a stone statue of a man with a long beard  holding a book in his hand and sitting on an ass  He thought him to be Moses who built Jerusalem  founded the nation and established those laws that are hated in all nations  He desired to remove this reproach to the nations and endeavoured to abrogate the laws  Therefore he sacrificed a great sow to the statue of the founder  Moses  He poured blood on the altar of God  that stood in the open air and on the statue  He seethed the flesh and commanded the holy books that contained their laws to be marred and obliterated with the broth  He commanded the eternal flame which always burned in the temple to be put out  He compelled Menelaus the high priest and other Jews to eat swine s flesh","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3261,"EventTxt":"However  in the light of these actions we disagree with the testimony of Strabo the Cappadocian  in the  th book of his Geography  where he commends the Jews  as just and religious persons   dikaiopzanp eg zxosebxid pd dlhqpj ontxr p","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3262,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus captured the city  he sacrificed swine on the altar and with the broth of its flesh he sprinkled the temple   Josephus Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3263,"EventTxt":"Antiochus carried   talents from the temple and quickly returned to Antioch  He appointed governors to vex the country  at Jerusalem  Philip  by birth a Phrygian  by manner a barbarian  at Gerizim in Samaria  Andronicus  In addition to these he left Menelaus who was worse than all the rest to rule the citizens with a heavy hand and had a most malicious attitude against the Jews  APC","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:21-23","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3264,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of Asia were heard in the senate at Rome  The Milesians remembered that they had done nothing and promised that they were ready to do whatever the senate should command them to help the war against Perseus  The Alabandenses remembered that they had erected the temple of the city of Rome and instituted anniversary games to the goddess  They brought a golden crown weighing   pounds as a gift to Jupiter which they might place in the capitol  They also gave   shields for horsemen which they would deliver to whom they would command them  The Lampsaceni brought an   pound crown and requested  vv How that they defected from Perseus when the Roman army came into Macedonia  They were under the jurisdiction of Perseus and before of Philip  In respect to this and for turning all things over to the Roman commanders  they requested only that they might be received into the friendship of the Roman people  If a peace should be made with Perseus  they wished to be no longer under Perseus  authority","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3265,"EventTxt":"There was a civil answer returned to the rest of the delegates  Quintus Moenius the praetor  was commanded to enrol the Lampsaceni after the manner of associates  Rewards were given to them all  amounting to more than   pieces of coin to each of them  The Alabandenses were commanded to carry back the shields to A  Hostilius the consul in Macedonia   Livy","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3834,"JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3834 AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3266,"EventTxt":"It was decided by the common consent of the Achaeans that all the honours of Eumenes which were unseemly and repugnant to the laws should be taken away  Sosigenes and Diopithes from Rhodes were there about private legal matters  They were offended by Eumenes and destroyed all his honours in the city of Peloponnesus   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-170,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4544,"Dating":"3835a AM, 4544 JP, 170 BC"}
{"Index":3267,"EventTxt":"While A  Hostilius the proconsul with his forces wintered in Thessalie  Attalus who wintered at that time at Elatia  was informed that his brother  Eumenes took it most grievously that by a public decree they had taken away his most splendid honours  After telling the matter to Archon  the praetor of the Achaei  he sent ambassadors to the common council of the country  He was to negotiate with them concerning restoring the honours to the king again  Thereupon by the persuasion of Polybius  the historian  a decree was made that the magistrates were commanded to renew all things that pertained unto the honour of Eumenes  Those honours that did not well agree with the common interest of the Achaeans or were repugnant to the laws were not to be restored  Therefore Attalus at that time rectified those miscarriages which were rashly committed at Peloponnesus concerning his brother Eumenes  honour   Polyb  Legat       in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3268,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of the spring  Q  Marcius Philippus  the consul  was sent against Perseus   Livy       init","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3269,"EventTxt":"A decree was published by the Achaeans  concerning the sending of auxiliaries to Marcius the consul  which was brought to him by Polybius  Theoeritus an ambassador was sent from them to Attalus  He was to bring to him that decree whereby the honours of Eumenes were restored to him  At the same time  the Achaeans heard that the Anacleteria had been celebrated in honour of Ptolemy the king  as is the custom for the kings of Egypt when they come to the legal age  As a token of their joy in this  they sent ambassadors for the renewing of that friendship which was between the Achaeans and the kings of Egypt  Alcithus and Persidas were chosen to do this   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3270,"EventTxt":"About that time there was a wicked act and most abhorrent to the institutions of the Greeks done in the island of Crete  Between the Cydoniates and Apolloniates there was a common bond of friendship and a league of peace  When the tables of that league were ratified on each side by oath there were fastened to the image of Jupiter Idaeus for all to see  In spite of this  Cydoniates in the time of peace when they were treated by the Apolloniates as friends  broke the league  They surprised their city  killed all the men with the sword  spoiled their goods  They divided among themselves their wives  children and all their land   Polyb    Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  in Valesib  edit  p","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3271,"EventTxt":"The Cydoniates were afraid of the Gortynians  Previously their city was almost taken by a surprise attack by Nothocrates  They sent ambassadors to Eumenes asking for help based on their league with him  The king chose Leon as captain  whom he sent speedily there with a band of   soldiers  When those forces came  the Cydoniates delivered the keys of the gates to Leon and put the whole city under his control   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3272,"EventTxt":"When by the urging of Eulaius the eunuch  Ptolemy started a new war to recover Coelosyria  Antiochus made his third expedition into Egypt and subdued it   Polyb  Legat         When the Egyptians fled  Antiochus could have killed them all with his cavalry  Antiochus restrained his troops and ordered that they should be taken alive  For this kindness  he gained both Peleusium and a little later all of Egypt   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3273,"EventTxt":"While the opposing factions at Rhodes daily increased  after they had heard that at Rome it was decreed by the senate that from now on those things were to be done according to the dictates of the senate and not their own magistrates  Philophron and Theaetetus persuaded them to send ambassadors to Rome  At the beginning of the summer  Hegesilochus  son of Hegesias and Nicagoras son of Nicander  were sent as ambassadors to Rome  Agesipolis  Ariston and Pancrates were sent to the consul  Q  Marcius Philippus and to C  Marcius Figulus the admiral of the fleet  All these were commanded to renew the friendship with the Roman people and to answer the accusations of some against Rhodes  Hegesilochus was moreover ordered to request permission to send grain  Agesipolis overtook Q  Marcius who was camped at Heraclea in Macedonia  When he had delivered his commands  the consul said he gave no credit to those who slandered the Rhodians and asked the ambassadors not to put up with anyone that did those things  He treated them very kindly and wrote concerning this to the Roman people  Agesipolis was overwhelmed with the courtesy of the consul  Marcius took him into a private meeting  He said he admired that the Rhodians did not try to reconcile the kings that fought for Coelosyria for it was not in their place to do so  Later Agesipolis went unto Caius  the admiral of the fleet and was more favourably entertained by him than he was by Marcius  He returned to Rhodes a short time later  He related what had happened and how well he was treated by both of the Roman commanders  All the Rhodians were encouraged and taken with a vain hope but not in the same way  Most of the older ones were very pleased for the friendship of the Romans  The younger ones were troubled by these actions  They thought that this excessive kindness of the Romans was a sign that they were terrified with the imminent danger and matters were not unfolding as they should  Later Agesipolis sided against them and was secretly taking orders from Marcius to make a proposition in the senate of the Rhodians of making a peace treaty agreement between the kings  Dinon made no question but the affairs of the Romans were in a most dreadful mess  Therefore ambassadors were sent to Alexandria to conclude the war between Antiochus and Ptolemy   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3274,"EventTxt":"Towards the end of the summer  Hegesilochus and other ambassadors from Rhodes came to Rome and were very graciously entertained  It was well known the Rhodians were divided with civil disputes  Agathagetus  Philophron  Rhodophon and Theaetetus  placed all their hopes in the Romans  On the contrary  Dinon and Polyaratus trusted in Perseus and the Macedonians  It frequently happened that when the matters were debated equally well on either side and with different conclusions  the senate ignored the internal differences at Rhodes although they were well aware of them  They granted a licence to them to export     bushels of wheat from Sicily   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3275,"EventTxt":"After Egypt was subdued by Antiochus  Comanus and Cineas discussed with king Ptolemy what they should do  It was decided that a council be composed of the chief captains who would be in charge of settling the matters  The council decided that any Greeks who should be found there  should go as ambassadors to Antiochus to negotiate with him concerning a peace   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3276,"EventTxt":"At that time two ambassadors arrived from the country of the Achaei  Alcithus  son to Xenophon of Aege  was to renew the friendship with the king  Pasiadas was sent about the matter of the war between Ptolemy and Antiochus  The Athenians sent ambassadors headed by Demaratus concerning a certain donation  Moreover these men brought up two religious matters  The first concerned the feast of Minerva  called Panathenaea  was mentioned by Callias the Pancratiast  or conqueror at the games  The other concerned the mysteries which was handled by Cleostratus  In the discussion he made a speech to the king  Miletum was represented by Eudemus and Icesius  from Clazomenae  Apollonides  and Apollonius   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3277,"EventTxt":"Together with these  Ptolemy the king sent his own ambassadors  Tlepolemus  and Ptolemy the teacher of rhetoric  They sailed and came to Antiochus who received them courteously and invited them on the first day to a sumptuous feast  The next day he gave them the liberty of a personal conference and commanded them to declare their purpose  The ambassadors of the Achaeans spoke first with him  After this Demaratus spoke who was sent by the Athenians  He was followed by Eudemus of Miletum  All affirmed that the war was started through the instigation of Eulaius the eunuch  After they said how young Ptolemy was  they all deplored the war between the kings  Antiochus agreed with the their speeches and more fully explained himself and defended his rights  He endeavoured with great earnestness to prove that Coelosyria belonged to the kings of Syria  He denied what the ambassadors from Alexandria alleged  that Coelosyria was given for a dowry with Cleopatra  mother of Philometor who now reigned  After much discussion  he proved his point to all that were present  For that time he sailed to Naucratis  There he spoke kindly and treated the citizens well  He gave to each Greek who remained there  pieces of gold  valued at   shillings   pence to each man   Valued in   AD  Editor  He journeyed to Alexandria and promised to reply to the ambassadors after Aristides and Theris had returned  He desired that the Greeks should know and witness his actions   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3278,"EventTxt":"Philometor was taught by Eulaius the eunuch  in pleasure and effeminate ways  He became so slothful that since he was so far removed from all danger and separated from the enemy by a great distance  he surrendered his large and wealthy kingdom without fighting for it   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesil  p","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3279,"EventTxt":"Antiochus took the crown from Philometor after he had reigned     years  The Alexandrians committed management of affairs to Euergetes  his younger brother   Porpohyr  in Grec  Eusebeian  Scalig  p          They later nicknamed him Cacergetes or the malefactor   Athena        c             c      Howbeit  from the huge size of his body and the largeness of his paunch  he was nicknamed Physcon or the Gore belly  This was added after his name and is read on his coins  PTOAEMAIOGFGSKWNOSEGERGETOG","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3280,"EventTxt":"Epiphanius  in his small book of weights and measures  called this Ptolemy  Ptolemy Philologus for his love of knowledge  He was one of Aristarchus  scholars and he wrote historical observations which are frequently cited by Atheneus   Athena        cap      This second Euergetes wrote the things we took from Atheneus and Galen concerning the first   See note on   AM   >  from this since at that time Eumenes  son of Attalus reigned in Asia  Strabo affirms that he furnished Pergamos with libraries         p      I suppose these things refer to this Ptolemy which are read in Vitruvius  Preface of his seventh book  vv The Attalian kings were inclined to the wonderful delights of learning when they had erected for the common enjoyment of all a famous library at Pergamos  Ptolemy was zealous to do the like at Alexandria","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3281,"EventTxt":"In Pliny         c      we read  vv Through the ambition of the kings  Ptolemy and Eumenes over libraries  Varro wrote that at Pergamos parchments were found because Ptolemy withheld the use of the Egyptian paper","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3282,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Philometor was driven from his kingdom and fled to his younger brother Ptolemy Euergetes at Alexandria   Justin       cap      Since Alexandria was not under the power of Antiochus  they made him co ruler with his brother in the kingdom  This was in the   year of Philometor s reign and the  th year of Euergetes  reign   Porphyr  in Grec  Eusebeian   Although after awhile  they expelled Philometor and banished him   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3283,"EventTxt":"Antiochus seized on that occasion and undertook the government of the banished prince  He made use of the specious pretence of bringing him home again to justify his Egyptian war  This is what he told the ambassadors he sent into all the cities of Asia and Greece   Livy","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3835,"JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3835 AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3284,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  through the pretence of bringing back the older Ptolemy to his kingdom fought a war with his younger brother  who at that time possessed Alexandria  He defeated him at the naval battle at Pelusium  He went over the Nile with his army on a bridge which he quickly built and besieged Alexandria  Thereupon Ptolemy the younger and Cleopatra his sister sent ambassadors to Rome  They were to ask the senate to send assistance to the kingdom and those princes who were friends to the empire  This was the obligation of the people of Rome to Antiochus  So great was their authority with all kings and nations that if they should but send ambassadors to declare that it pleased not the senate that a war was fought between their allies  Antiochus would immediately depart from Alexandria and withdraw his army into Syria   Livy","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3285,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus was unable to break down the wall of Alexandria he left   Livy        In spite of this  Meleager  Sosiphanus and Heraclides were sent as ambassadors to Rome  They were given   talents    was to be spent on a crown to be given to the Romans  The rest was to be divided among certain cities of Greece   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3286,"EventTxt":"About that time  the ambassadors of the Rhodians headed by Prutio arrived at Alexandria to negotiate a peace  Shortly after this they went to the camp to Antiochus  They were allowed to see the king  They had a long discourse about the mutual alliances between both the kings and what advantages would accrue to each if peace were made  However  the king interrupted the ambassador in his speech and said that there was no need of any more discussion  The kingdom belonged to the older Ptolemy and he had long since made a peace with him and was his friend  If the Alexandrians would recall him from banishment  he would be content   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3287,"EventTxt":"Antiochus left the older Ptolemy at Memphis  Antiochus pretended to fight for his kingdom and gave him the rest of Egypt  After that he left a strong garrison at Pelusium and withdrew his army into Syria  He thought it prudent to allow the civil war in Egypt to continue  He could always use it as a pretence to reenter Egypt with his army to help the older brother   Livyl","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3288,"EventTxt":"King Eumenes came from Elaea with   covered ships into the coasts of the Cassandrenses and met with Marcius Figulus  the praetor and admiral of the Roman fleet  Prusias sent   ships there  At the same time  Prusias tried in vain to take the city Cassandrea  Toron and Demetrius  It was reported that Cydas the Cretian and Antimachus  governor of Demetrius negotiated a peace between Eumenes and Perseus  Cydas  who was one of Eumenes  intimate friends  was previously seen talking at Amphipolis with Chimarus  a certain county man of his  At Demetrius he was seen talking with Menecrates  a certain captain of Perseus and again with Antimachus under the very walls of the city  Eumenes left Demetrius and sailed to Q  Marcius the consul and congratulated his arrival into Macedonia  He left for his own kingdom to Pergamos  Marcius Figulus the praetor sent part of the fleet to winter at Sciathum and went with the rest of the ships to Oreum in Boeotia   Livy","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3289,"EventTxt":"Reports vary concerning Eumenes  Valerius Antias said that the praetor was not helped by a fleet from him  After that he had often sent for him by letters and he did not go with favour from the consul into Asia  He was incensed that he was not allowed to march into the same camp  He could not be persuaded to leave behind any of the cavalry of the Gauls whom he had brought with him  Attalus his brother  remained with the consul and was loyal to him throughout the war   Livy        Velleius Paterculus wrote that king Eumenes was indifferent to that war and lent no assistance to his brother   Histor     I e","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3290,"EventTxt":"At Rome  the ambassadors of Pamphylius brought into the senate a golden crown made of     Philipeans  By their request  they were allowed to put the crown in the temple of Jupiter and to sacrifice in the capitol  Their desire of renewing friendship was graciously granted and a gift of   pieces of coin was given to each of them   Livy","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3291,"EventTxt":"At that time  the ambassadors came from king Prusias to help make a peace with King Perseus  They received an audience with the senate  Prusias said that at that time he stood for the Romans and that he would stand for them during the war  However  when the ambassadors had come to him from Perseus to end the war  he had promised them to intervene on their behalf with the senate  He desired that if they could be persuaded to end their displeasure of him that he might be used by them in making a peace with both parties   Livy","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3292,"EventTxt":"The embassy from Rhodes was more arrogant concerning the same business  They related the deeds which they had done for the Roman people and how they were mainly responsible for the victory over Antiochus  They added  that when there was peace between the Macedonians and the Romans  then they had an alliance between themselves and King Perseus  They had broken this against their will not through any provocation of his against them but because it pleased the Romans to draw them into the war  In the third year of the war  they were feeling the brunt of it  Because of naval blockades  their island was reduced to poverty for they lost their revenues that came by sea and their food supply was cut off  When they could no longer endure this  they had sent ambassadors into Macedonia to Perseus who told him that the Rhodians would be happy if he would make peace with the Romans  They would sent to the Romans and signify this  Rhodians would consider what ought to be done against those who failed to end the war  Claudius Quadrigarius said that there was no answer given to these persons  There was recited a decree of the senate in which the Roman people announced that the Carians and Lycians were free and that letters should immediately be sent to both countries to inform them of this  When they heard this  the head of the Rhodian delegation  whose magniloquence just a little before the senate house had scarcely been able to contain  fell down astonished  Others said that they replied that the Roman people from the beginning of the war had been told by reputable persons that the Rhodians had secret talks with King Perseus against Rome  If this had been doubtful before  yet the delegates words a little before had made it certain  That fraud for the most part was exposed that was secret in the beginning  What the Rhodians were about to consider they themselves knew  Assuredly the people of Rome  when Perseus was defeated  which they hoped would be soon  would appropriately reward each city for its part in the war  However  a gift of   pieces of coin was sent to each of the ambassadors which they refused   Livyl     c","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3293,"EventTxt":"Dion gave this account of the matter  King Perseus requested peace from the Romans and had obtained it  Rhodians  feared least the Romans should have wanted an adversary had joined their ambassadors with the ambassadors of Perseus  The delegates from Rhodes were anything but moderate and most unsuitable for those who were purported to be looking for peace  They had not so much requested a peace for Perseus as given it to him  They proudly spoke of other things and at last threatened that they would attack those who failed to make peace  By this it happened  that although the Romans suspected them of siding with Perseus  they became more odious in the sight of the Romans and hindered Perseus  chances for peace   Dion Legat     or","YearBCAD":-169,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4545,"Dating":"3836a AM, 4545 JP, 169 BC"}
{"Index":3294,"EventTxt":"About the beginning of the consulship of L  Emilius Paulus and C  Licinius  the Alexandrian ambassadors from Ptolemy and princess Cleopatra were called into the Senate  They were dressed in dirt stained white clothing and had long straggling beards and hair  When they had entered into the senate with olive branches  they prostrated themselves and requested the senate that they would help their kingdom and princess that were their allies   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3295,"EventTxt":"The senate was told by them that Antiochus had seized the rest of Egypt and still remained there and hoped to conquer Alexandria too  The senate was concerned with the power this king  and decreed to send an embassy to help make peace and determine first hand what was happening there   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3296,"EventTxt":"Therefore  they immediately sent C  Popillius Laenas  D  Decimius and C  Hostilius as ambassadors to conclude the war between the kings  They were ordered to go first to Antiochus then to Ptolemy  They were to say that if they did not stop this war they would no longer be considered allies of Rome   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3297,"EventTxt":"These men accompanied the ambassadors from Alexandria and left on their journey in three days  Ambassadors from Macedonia arrived on the last day of the Quinquatria  that is  of the feast of Minerva s birthday  They said that Eumenes and his fleet both came and went like an unpredictable storm  The king was not constant in his loyalties  Although they said many things against Eumenes  they declared the extraordinary loyalty of Attalus   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3298,"EventTxt":"At the time when the ambassadors sent to Egypt left Rome  this is found written in an ancient diary of this year   which Pighius has inserted into the second Tome of his Annals in the  th year of the city  vv The third day before the Nones of April  C  Popillius Leans  C  Decimius and C  Hostilius were sent as ambassadors to the kings of Syria and Egypt to discuss the war between them  These ambassadors with a number of their clients and kindred  sacrificed early in the morning in the temple of Castor  to the household gods of P  R  They offered a bull and so ended their sacrifice","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3299,"EventTxt":"However  the third day before the nones of April  as the year at Rome then stood  was January  rd according to the Julian account as we deduce from the eclipse of the moon which happened five months later","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3300,"EventTxt":"After Antiochus and his army had returned into Syria  Ptolemy Philometor wisely considered the danger he was in and sent ambassadors to Alexandria to his sister  Cleopatra first and then to his brother Euergetes and his friends  He confirmed a peace with them  His sister helped him greatly by her advise and intersession on his behalf  After a peace was made  by the public common consent  he returned from Memphis and was received into Alexandria  He reigned together with his brother and the common people accepted this  In the war  they had no supplies from Egypt during the seige nor after it was lifted  Their condition was brought very low   Livy       Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3301,"EventTxt":"This should have been reason for Antiochus to be glad if he had brought his army into Egypt to restore Ptolemy to the throne  However  he was so offended  that he more eagerly and maliciously prepared for war against them both than he had done against them individually  Thereupon he sent his fleet to Cyprus and defeated the Egyptian ships and the captains of Ptolemy   Livy       c     Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3302,"EventTxt":"Both Ptolemy s brothers shared the throne and were militarily quite weak  They sent ambassadors to Eumenes  Dionysiodorus and to the country the Achaeaus  to request   foot soldiers and   cavalry  They wanted Lycortas to be captain of all the auxiliary forces and his son Polybius of the cavalry  They wrote also to Theodoridas the Sicyonian  to hire   mercenary soldiers   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3303,"EventTxt":"Perseus  king of the Macedonians and Gentius  king of the Sclavonians  were united in league together by giving pledges to each other  They decreed that ambassadors should be sent to Rhodes  hoping that the city which was the major naval power at that time might by the authority of two kings go to war against the Romans  The ambassadors were sent to Thessalonica and ordered to be ready to sail  Metrodorus was there who came recently from Rhodes and affirmed that by the authority of Dinon and Polyaratus  principal men of the city  the Rhodians were prepared for war  Among the Coans  Hippocritus  Diomedon brethren and the Romans  Dinon and Polyaratus were bold to speak for the Macedonians and accuse the Romans and publicly advise an alliance with Perseus  Metrodorus was made the leader of this confederate embassy with the Sclavonians   Polyb  Legat       in Excerptis  Valesii  p     Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3304,"EventTxt":"When Perseus had sent Teremnastus the Cretian as ambassador to Antiochus  he advised him not to miss the opportunity nor to think that the proud and insolent injunctions of the Romans pertained only to him  Rather he should know that the Romans would shortly treat him the same  This was unless he help Perseus settle the matters between the Romans and the Macedonians  If that could not be  then at least he could help Perseus against the Romans   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3305,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Perseus sent Cryphontes  for so the Collections of Polybius name him  whom the printed copies of Livy call Eropontes  as ambassador to Eumenes who had been on two embassies to Eumenes   Livy        He hoped that by offering money  he could solicited Eumenes that he should either side with Perseus or reconcile him to the people of Rome or remain neutral  He hoped that he should obtain one of these things or at least by that solicitation procure  which indeed he attained  that Eumenes would become suspect to the Romans  However  Eumenes despised the friendship of Perseus  For making peace  he demanded   talents and to remain neutral to both    talents  Perseus promised to give the sum required for his help in getting a peace but not before it was done  However  he would deposit it in the temple at Samothracia until the peace was concluded   Appian  Macedonic  in Excerpt  Valeisi  p      Since that island was in his own jurisdiction  Eumenes saw that it signified no more than if the money had been at Pella and insisted that he should bring part of the money for the present  This did not happen either  Cryphontes returned home and the negotiations were kept secret  To avoid suspicion  both sides said that the negotiation had been concerning the redemption of captives  Eumenes told the same to the consul   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3306,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians disagreed among themselves  The party which favoured Perseus prevailed  It seemed good that ambassadors should be sent to settle the war between Perseus and the Romans  Therefore the chief presidents of their counsels immediately sent Agesipolis and Cleombrotus as ambassadors to Rome  They sent Damon  Nicostratus  Agesilochus  and Telephus to the consul and Perseus  They also sent ambassadors to Crete to renew friendship with all the Cretians  They were to advise them to have an eye to the condition of the times and the imminent danger  They should be friends with the people of Rhodes and they should esteem the same as foe and friend  There were sent also to each city  to entreat with them concerning the same matters   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3307,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Ptolemys  the kings came into Peloponnesus while it was still winter  After that in an assembly of the Achaeans celebrated at Corinth  they had renewed their ancient friendship after much discussion  They presented their view of the afflicted condition of the kings and requested aid  The multitude were ready to give their assistance  not with a part of their forces  but if need should require  with all their strength  However  Callicrates  Diophanes and Hyperbatonus opposed this decision  Against these debated Lycottas and Polybius who exhorted the Achaeans to remember their engagements and courtesies but especially of their oath that they should keep the laws of confederacy  When the multitude had again jointly agreed that assistance should be given  Callicrates frustrated that debate by terrifying the magistrates because the laws gave no liberty in such assemblies to commit auxiliary troops   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3308,"EventTxt":"A little later  a council was called in the city of the Sicyonians  In it the magistrates were present and all that were older than   years of age  After much discussion  a courier who was brought by Callicrates  immediately after his arrival directly into the theatre  He brought forged letters from Q  Marcius the proconsul in which he was supposed to exhort the Achaeans  They were to comply with the desire of the Romans and endeavour to reconcile the kings  Thereupon ambassadors were sent from the Achaeans  Archon of Aegira  Arcesilaus and Aristo Megapolitanes  to make a peace between the Ptolemys and Antiochus  By this action King Polybius was incensed with indignation and withdrew from the care and administration of affairs  The ambassadors from Alexandria lost all hope of help and returned home   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3309,"EventTxt":"Perseus had his winter quarters at Bila  He drew his forces into Ionia where he might intercept the wheat that was conveyed from there to the Romans   Appian  ut  sup  p      Antenor and Callippus were the admirals of the navy  He sent them with   small boats and   larger vessels called Pristes  because they resembled Pristes  to Tenedos  From there they dispersed by the Cycladas Islands so they might capture the ships that came with wheat into Macedonia  The ships sailed to Cassandrea  After that they came first to the havens which lie beside the Mount Athos and from there they sailed in a calm sea to Tenedos  They sent away the Rhodian s open vessels under Eudemus their captain with out any harm and treated them very civilly  They were later told that   cargo ships of their friends were blockaded by the warships of Eumenes under the command of Damius at the very mouth of the haven at Mount Athos  They dispersed their enemies and let them out  They escorted them with   small ships into Macedonia   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3310,"EventTxt":"Nine days later  those small vessels returned to the fleet lying at Sigaeum  From there they sailed to Subota which is an island lying between Elaea and Athos  However  the following day  ships arrived which they call Hippagogi or vessels for the conveyance of horses  Ferry boats came from Elaea with the cavalry of the Gauls and horses sent from Eumenes to Attalus  These were bound for Phanes  a cape of the Chians  from where they might sail over into Macedonia  Antenor set sail from Subota between the cape of Erythrae and that of Chios where the sea is most narrow and suddenly attacked these ships  When there was no hope of resisting  part of them who were near the shore of the continent swam into Erythraea  Part of them hoisted sail and beached their ships on Chios  They left their horses behind them and fled to the city  The small vessels had delivered their armed men to the city  At a more convenient place of landing  the Macedonians defeated the Gauls and killed some as they fled in the way and others were intercepted before the gate and killed    Gauls were killed    as Grater s edition has it  and   taken alive  Some of the horses drowned in the sea when the ships sank and some were houghed by the Macedonians on the shore  Antenor commanded the same ten vessels which he had sent before  to convoy   of the best horses with the captives to Thessalonica and as soon as possibly to return to the fleet  He would meet them at Phanae  The navy stayed almost three days at the city  From there they went to Phanae and were transported in the   vessels which returned before they were expected and they passed through the Aegean sea to Delos   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3311,"EventTxt":"While these things were happening  the Roman ambassadors  C  Popillius  C  Decimius and C  Hostilius  came from Chalcis after they had sailed from Delos with   ships of   tiers of oars  They found   ships of the Macedonians and   ships from King Eumenes with   tiers of oars  The sanctity of the temple and the island  gave security to all persons  Therefore the Romans  the Macedonians and the naval allies of Eumenes all intermingled and talked together in safety  The respect for the temple made this place a safe haven   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3312,"EventTxt":"Antenor  Perseus  admiral  received word from the watch towers that cargo ships were seen at sea  He pursued them with some of his ships and the rest he sent around the Cyclades  He either sank or plundered all the ships except those bound for Macedonia  Popillius and the navy of Eumenes  helped as many as they could  They conveyed them by night in groups of two or three vessels and deceived the Macedonians   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3313,"EventTxt":"About that time  Parmenio and Morcus  the ambassadors of Gentius  king of the Sclavonians  along with Metrodorus  the ambassador of Perseus came to Rhodes  Perseus  authority had increased by the sight of the warships which passed up and down by the Cyclades and the Aegean Sea and by the large number of the horsemen which were slain  His prestige was further enhanced by the alliance between Gentius and himself and the rumour that large numbers of the Galatian s cavalry and foot solders were coming to help him  These things encouraged Dinon and Polyaratus  who were for Perseus but depressed Theaetetus who was not for Perseus  Therefore the Rhodians decreed to give a friendly answer unto both the kings and to signify to them that they had resolved to use their authority to put an end to the war  Therefore they admonished them to be agreeable to a peace  Moreover the ambassadors of Gentius were entreated with much civility in their public place of assembly   Livy       Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836 AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3314,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of the spring  Antiochus with his army  marched for Egypt and came into Coelosyria near to Rhinocolura  He met the ambassadors of Ptolemy Philometor who thanked him for restoring him to his kingdom  He asked that Antiochus would maintain his own right and rather say what he wanted done instead of turning from an ally to an enemy by taking military action  Antiochus replied that he would under no other terms revoke his fleet and reduce his army unless Ptolemy would surrender to him all Cyprus  Pelusius and the land that was adjacent to that mouth of the Nile  called Pelusiack  He appointed a day to receive an answer by   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3315,"EventTxt":"Antiochus sent Apollonius  the overseer for the collection of his tribute  called meridarciw Joseph  Antiq        c     or mwsarciw in APC  Ma      with an army of     into the cities of Judea  This was   full years after he had plundered the temple at Jerusalem  They were ordered to kill all the mature young men and sell the women and young ones  APC IMa      Ma","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3316,"EventTxt":"After that Apollonius came to Jerusalem without any sign of hostility  He restrained himself until the sabbath day  Then he killed all that cAme to perform religious duties  He marched with his forces about the city and killed a great number of people  After he had plundered the city  he set it on fire and pulled down the houses and the walls  He led away captive the women and children and seized on the cattle  APC IMa        Ma       Josephus   Antiq        c     attributes to Antiochus himself the things that were done by his officers  He affirms that  After the sacking of the whole city  partly to have killed the inhabitants and partly to have led them away captive together with their children and wives to the number of","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3317,"EventTxt":"Judas Maccabeus left with   others and spent his life in the mountains foraging like wild beasts  They fed on herbs lest they should be partakers of the pollution APC  Ma     or of the prohibited meats or of the idolatry or of the contamination and the desolation of the sanctuary which now happened  APC I   It was     years before the restitution and purification of the temple was later made by the same Judas Maccabeus  APC I   During this time  Josephus implies that the city of Jerusalem was oppressed by Antiochus   Josephus  in the preface of his books concerning the Jewish war  Josephus states that the service of the daily sacrifice ceased     I e      and the sanctuary was desolate in the sixth book of the same work   p      He mentions the length of the time of this desolation of the sanctuary as Hippolytus affirms   Caten  Grac  in Daniel","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 1:39-41\", \"Ma 4:43-54\", \"Da 8:11-14\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3318,"EventTxt":"Later they built in the city of David or Zion  a great wall  secured with strong towers which was to form a citadel for them  A garrison of wicked persons held the place  They deposited the spoils of Jerusalem there  Those Jews who visited the temple often risked their life in so doing  Much innocent blood was shed and the sanctuary defiled  The inhabitants of Jerusalem fled and the city became an habitation of strangers and foreign to her own citizens   APC I","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:35-40","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3319,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Rhodians came to the camp of the Romans with the same instructions concerning peace which at Rome had so highly incensed the senators  They were heard with much more discontent by the counsel of war  However  when some would have had them violently expelled from the camp  the counsel declared that it would give them an answer after   days  In the meantime  so that it might appear at what value they placed on the authority of Rhodians to broker for peace  they began to plan how to prosecute the war   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3320,"EventTxt":"The day before Perseus was defeated  C  Sulpicius Gallus  the tribune of the soldiers of the second legion  assembled the soldiers with the permission of L  Emilius Paulus the consul  He told them that on the next night they should not be alarmed by an eclipse of the moon  It would happen from   am until   am  This eclipse is a natural event that can be predicted and is not a sign or evil omen   Livy       c      Pliny writes concerning eclipses        c      that Gallus was the first of the Romans who discovered the reason of the sun and moon s eclipses  Concerning him  Cato in Cicero s book  of old age  says  We did behold Scipio Gallus  the intimate acquaintance of your father  Emilius Paulus  even to greatly weary himself almost to death in his endeavours of measuring almost the heavens and the earth  How often did the morning surprise him  when he began to observe anything at night  How oft did the night come on him  when he began to observe in the morning  How was he delighted when he foretold to us the eclipses of the sun and moon  a great while before they happened","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3321,"EventTxt":"The night before the day before the Nones of September  when the moon was eclipsed at the appointed hour  seemed to the Roman soldiers to be almost a divine thing  The Macedonians took it as a sad omen portending the fall of their kingdom and the disaster of their nation   Livy        c     cum Justin        c     Valer  Maxim        c     Jul  Frontin  Straghemat        c      The astronomical account shows that the eclipse of the moon was on the  st day of June  according to the Julian account in the  th hour after noon  this year in Macedonia when the soldiers would normally have been sleeping according to Plutarch in his Paulus Emilius  It is added that the Ides of March  in this year  when Paulus entered into his second consulship  happened on January  th according to the Julian reckoning","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3322,"EventTxt":"The day following Perseus  defeat APC IMa     the kingdom of the Macedonians ended  From the time of Caranus it had stood for   years  However  while the Roman empire was rising  the remains of the Macedonian empire survived in the Seleucus  of Syria and the Ptolemy s of Egypt","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3323,"EventTxt":"The  rd day after the battle  Perseus with about   Cretians fled to Amphipolis in Thracia  They were not allowed to enter by the Amphipolitans  Their money of gold and silver was brought to the ships which stayed in Strymon  Perseus came to the river  He gave the Cretians that followed him only for his money    talents from his own treasure  He sent cups and goblets  with other gold and silver vessels and placed them on the bank  He left them to be scrambled for by them while they went on board in a disorderly manner  One ship was overloaded and sank in the very mouth of the river  On that day he came unto Galipsus or Alepsus  On the next day he came the island of Samothrace with   talents  He humbly sought refuge in the temple of Castor and Pollux   Livy        c  cum Plutarcho  in Paulo Emilio","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3324,"EventTxt":"When the news of the Roman victory had come into Asia  Antenor  who with a fleet of ships waited at the Phanae  sailed from there to Cassandria   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836c AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3325,"EventTxt":"C  Popillius was anchored at Delos to safeguard ships bound for Macedonia  After he had heard of the victory in Macedonia and the departure of the enemy s ships from that area  he dismissed the Attic ships  He set sail for Egypt to take the embassy there whom he had with him  He wanted to meet with Antiochus before he captured Alexandria  After the ambassadors had crossed Asia  they came into Loryma  This is an haven about   miles from Rhodes and directly opposite the city  The leaders of the Rhodians met them and asked them to put in at Rhodes  The rumour of the Roman victory had reached even Rhodes  They said that it concerned the honour and safety of the city  that they should understand all things which had before been done and were then in agitation at Rhodes  They could tell at Rome what was known to themselves not what was learned by rumour  Although the ambassadors at first refused  after a time  the Rhodians forced them to take a short interruption of their voyage for the safety of a confederate city  When they arrived at Rhodes  the same persons by their urgings  had them come into their public assembly   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3326,"EventTxt":"The arrival of the delegates increased rather than diminished the fear of the citizens  Popillius repeated all things which anyone had spoken or done in a hostile manner during the time of the war  Since he was a man of a sour disposition  he aggravated the grievousness of the things that had been spoken with a stern countenance and incriminating voice  Since there was no basis for his personal displeasure with the city  they concluded by the bitterness of one single Roman senator  how the whole senate felt toward them  The speech of C  Decimius was more mild  who in most of the things alleged by Popillius said that the fault was not of the people but of a few rebellious men who had stirred them up  These men whose tongues were for sale had produced decrees full of flattery of the king and had sent such embassages about which the Rhodians were no less ashamed than repentant for  The people greatly approved of this speech because it laid the blame on a few guilty parties and not on the people in general  Therefore when the leader replied to the Romans  their speech was in no way as popular who endeavoured to mitigate the charges brought by Popillius  as theirs  who agreed with Popillius in singling out for punishment the persons responsible for the crimes  Thereupon those Rhodians  who before were so haughty as if they had conquered Philip  Antiochus and were stronger then Romans  were terrified in the presence of the ambassadors  A decree was quickly passed that whoever should be guilty of favouring Perseus and saying anything against the Romans  should be condemned to death  When the Romans came  some left the city and others committed suicide  The ambassadors did not stay more than   days at Rhodes and went to Alexandria  When they left the Rhodians were no less zealous in carrying out this decree  The cause of the action was mainly do to the clemency of Decimius   Livy      c     Dione  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3327,"EventTxt":"After the news of Perseus  flight had been brought to Rome  it seemed good to the senate that the Rhodian ambassadors who came to make up peace with Perseus  should be called before their assembly  The ambassadors  of whom Agesipolis was the leader  entered into the senate  They said that they were sent to make an end of the war which would be grievous and incommodious to all Greece and costly and harmful to the Romans themselves  Now  since it was concluded in a way the Rhodians always desired  they congratulated the Romans on it  When Agesipolis had briefly spoken these words  he left the assembly  The senate  made use of that occasion since they purposed to disgrace the Rhodians publicly and make an example of them  They replied that the Rhodians dispatched that embassy  neither for the benefit of Greece nor for the expenses of the Roman people but on behalf of Perseus  If their care had been as it was claimed  ambassadors would then have been sent denouncing the war when Perseus  army entered into Thessalie and for two years  partly besieged and partly terrified the cities of Greece  At that time there was no mention of peace made by the Rhodians  But after they had heard  that the woods were crossed and that the Romans had passed into Macedonia and that Perseus was hemmed in  the Rhodians sent their embassy  Their purpose was to deliver Perseus from his imminent danger  Therefore the senators judgment was that they ought not to bestow the accustomed rewards  or any benefit  nor a courteous answer to the ambassadors   Polyb  Legat     Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3328,"EventTxt":"Thoas was sent from Rhodes by Dinon to Perseus as courier and had often sailed into Macedonia  With the turn of affairs in Rhodes  he fled for fear into Cnidus  The Cnidians granted him safe custody  After the Rhodians granted him safety  he was returned again to Rhodes  When examined  he confessed to all  He fully consented to all the notes of the letters which had been intercepted and to the letters sent each way from Dinon and Perseus  Thereupon Dinon was convicted and as for an example to others  was executed   Polyb  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3329,"EventTxt":"Cn  Octavius  managed the Macedonian war with Paulus Aemilius  When Octavius  fleet came to Samothrace  he honoured the sanctity of the temple of Castor and Pollux and left Perseus alone  However  he kept him from the sea and prevented him from escaping   Plutarch in P  Aemilio   All the while he endeavoured to have him surrender  sometimes by threatenings and sometimes by hopes  Whether accidental or contrived by plan  this business was assisted by L  Attilius  an illustrious young man  When he saw the people of Samothrace assembled together  he addressed them with the permission of the magistrate  He complained that the supposed sanctity of the island was violated by the presence of Evander the Cretian  It was he who almost murdered Eumenes at Delphos and now together with Perseus sought refuge in the temple  Theondus  who was the chief magistrate among them  whom they called king  saw that the whole island was in the power of the Romans  He demanded from Perseus that Evander surrender for trial  Perseus did not want to do this because he saw that the crime would also involve him  He had Evander murdered and bribed Theondus to tell to the people that Evander had committed suicide  However  by killing his only friend that remained and had been involved with him in so many enterprises  he alienated the affections of all that were with him  When everyone for his own safety defected to the Romans  he was forced to think how to escape   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3330,"EventTxt":"Therefore Perseus secretly arranged an escape with Oroandes the Cretian  to whom the coast of Thrace was well known because he had used to trade in that country  He boarded a ship which was anchored at the cape of Demetrias  so that he should convey him to Cotys  the king of the Thracians  About the time of sunset there was as much money brought to the ship as could be secretly transported  When it was on board  Oroandes sailed as soon as it was dark for Crete  Later about midnight the wretched Perseus let himself down   his children and his wife  They were not accustomed to travel and wandered from a straight window by a wall  When the ship was not found in the harbour he walked awhile on the shore  Finally fearing the approach of dawn  he hid in a dark corner in the side of the temple   Livy       c       Plutarch  ut supra","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3331,"EventTxt":"After that  by the command of Octavius the praetor  it was proclaimed by the crier that if the royal children of the princes that were chosen to wait on the king and other Macedonians who were of Samothrace  would come over to the Romans  they would be safe  They would have their freedom and all that they had with them or left behind in Macedonia would be theirs  They all came over and gave their names to C  Posthumius the tribune of the soldiers  Ion  the Thessalonian  surrendered the young children of the king  who had been committed to his trust to Octavius  No children were left with the king except Philip the oldest  Thereupon Perseus surrendered himself and his son to Octavius  He blamed fortune and the gods in whose temple he was in  because they did not help him  He was ordered to be put aboard on the flagship and what money that remained was brought there  The fleet sailed back to Amphipolis immediately   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3332,"EventTxt":"Antiochus came to take over Pelusium  When he had crossed over the Leusines River  which is   miles from Alexandria  he met the Roman ambassadors  When they approached he greeted them and put out his right hand to Popillius  He gave to Antiochus the tables which he held in his hands that contained that decree of the senate  It said he was to immediately end the war against Ptolemy  He urged him that before he did anything else  he should read it  When he had read the tables  he said that he would consult with his friends as what he ought to do  Popillius with a vine twig which he had in his hand  drew a circle around the king and demanded his answer before he left the circle  The king was astonished with that unusual and imperious action  After he had thought a while  he said  VV I will do what the Romans command","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3333,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Popillius put out his right hand to the king as to a confederate and friend  Antiochus was quite chaffed in his mind but withdrew his forces from Egypt into Syria on the appointed day   For instead of agrian  in Polybius we suppose surian ought to be substituted from Livy  He esteemed it expedient to gave place to the times for the present   Polyb  Legat       Livy       c     cum Ciceron  in Philippica    Velleio Paterculo    I e     Valeri  Maximo        c     Justin        c     Appiano in Syriac  p     Plutarch in Apophthegmat  c      c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3334,"EventTxt":"When the Samaritans saw the Jews most miserably oppressed by Antiochus  they claimed to be descendants of the Sidonians  By this they obtained letters from Antiochus to Apollonius  the king s governor and Nicanor the king s steward that they should not be subject to the same oppression as the Jews were  Since the temple at Gerizim was not yet honoured with the title of any god  it should from this time on be called by the name dids emhnin  or of the Greek Jupiter  This is discussed by Josephus in  Antiq        c      The letter and the reply from Antiochus is given  It is dated in the  th year  but I know not from what epoch the account is determined from  the  th day of the month Hecatombaeon","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3335,"EventTxt":"After Antiochus had left Egypt  the Roman ambassadors by their authority confirmed the union between the two brethren who were scarcely yet well agreed   Livy        C  Popillius requested as a favour from the king  the bequest of Menalcidus  the Lacedemonian  who benefitted from the distress of the kings for his personal gain  He commanded them to send Polyaratus  who had been the chief supporter of Perseus at Rhodes and Rome  Menalcidus was dismissed by Ptolemy but he hesitated to send Polyaratus to Rome  He had great respect for Polyaratus and Rhodes  Therefore  he sent him to Rhodes and delivered him into the custody of one of his friends  Demetrius  He sent him to Rhodes with letters for the Rhodians concerning his journey  However  Polyaratus arrived at Phaselides  He took with him herbs for the strewing of the altar and priestly ornaments  He fled to the common tutelary god of the city   Polyb  Legat            in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3336,"EventTxt":"When Popillius had settled affairs at Alexandria  he sailed to Cyprus and from there sent the fleet and army of Antiochus to Syria  They had recently captured the place from the Egyptians   Polyb  Legate     Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3337,"EventTxt":"The kings of Egypt were delivered from the war against Antiochus  One of the first things they did was to send Numenins  one of their friends  as an ambassador to Rome to thank them for the favours which they had received from them   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3338,"EventTxt":"When the Phasellites had sent to Rhodes to take Polyaratus from them  the Rhodians did indeed send a ship  However they forbad Epichares the captain of the ship to let him aboard the vessel because the Alexandrians were ordered to set the man ashore at Rhodes  Therefore  the ship came to Phasellites  When Epichares refused to allow Polyaratus onto his vessel and on the other side Demetrius into whose custody he was entrusted by the king  ordered the man to get on  The inhabitants of Phasellites urged him to go lest they might become obnoxious to the Romans  Polyaratus was grieved and went aboard with Demetrius on the ship again  However  at the first opportunity at his landing  he quickly fled directly to Caunus  He complained of his state of affairs and begged their assistance  They refused because they were tributaries to the Rhodians  He secretly sent to the Cibyrates  requesting admission into their city  He asked for someone to come and escort him safely there  He was known to the Cibyrates  because the children of Pancrates the tyrant were educated with him  The Cibyrates consented and Polyaratus was brought to Cibyra   Polyb  Legat  in  Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3339,"EventTxt":"Popillius and the embassy returned from Antiochus to Rome  They reported of the differences they had settled between the kings and that Antiochus  army had left Egypt for Syria  Later the ambassadors of the kings themselves came  The delegates of Antiochus declared that the peace which was approved by the senate  seemed more suitable to the king than any victory  Also he obeyed the commands of the Roman ambassadors as if they had been direct commands from the gods  After this  they congratulated them on the conquest of Perseus  Had they asked the king for anything  he would have gladly given it  The delegates of Ptolemy  in the name of the king and Cleopatra thanked them also  They said that they were more indebted to the senate and the Roman people than to their parents or to the immortal gods  They had been delivered from a most miserable siege and received their paternal kingdom back which they almost lost  The senate replied that Antiochus had acted correctly in obeying the ambassadors and that it was acceptable to the senate  the Roman people and to the princes of Egypt  If any benefit and advantage happened to Ptolemy and Cleopatra because of Rome  the senate was glad for it  They wished that the best way to preserve their kingdom was to maintain the friendship with the Roman people  C  Papinius the praetor was commanded to take care of the gifts that is sent to the ambassadors according to the custom   Livy","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3340,"EventTxt":"A joint embassy came both from Eumenes  Attalus and from Athenaeus to Rome to congratulate them on the overthrow of Perseus   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-168,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3836,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4546,"Dating":"3836d AM, 4546 JP, 168 BC"}
{"Index":3341,"EventTxt":"By a public edict  Antiochus ordered all the countries that were subject to him to observe the same way of divine worship and set aside their peculiar customs  They were all to adopt the same religion as the Greeks under the punishment of death of those that refused  He appointed overseers over every country who should compel them to do this  APC I","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:43-52","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3342,"EventTxt":"Antiochus sent an old man of Athens into Judea and Samaria that he might force the Jews to stop observing the divine law and defile the temple at Jerusalem  He called their temple Jupiter Olympus and the temple at Gerizim  Jupiter Hospitable or the protector of strangers  He thought this was a more appropriate name for the Samaritans since they were strangers in the Jewish land  APC","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:1-6","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3343,"EventTxt":"The king sent proclamations by ambassadors to Jerusalem and the cities of Judah that they should follow the rites of the Gentiles and take away the sacrifices from the temple  They should not keep the sabbaths and feast days  They should pollute the sanctuary and its priests  They should erect altars  groves and temples to idols  They should sacrifice swine and other unclean beasts  They should allow their children to remain uncircumcised  They were to defile themselves with every impure thing so that they might forget the law and change all the ordinances of their God  APC I     It would be a crime to observe the Jewish religion   APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3344,"EventTxt":"A decree also came to the neighbouring cities of the Greeks on the suggestion of Ptolemy  the son of Donymenes  APC  Ma     They should proceed in like manner against the Jews and compel them to partake of the sacrifices  Those who did not adopt Greek customs were to be executed  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3345,"EventTxt":"The other countries followed the words of the king  Many Israelites consented to his religion and sacrificed to idols and profaned the sabbath  APC IMa         For many of the people that forsook the law were gathered together to them and they made the Israelites hide themselves in dens and in places of their refuge  APC I   Others were brought by bitter constraint on the king s birthday every month to eat of the sacrifices  When the feast of Bacchus was kept  they were compelled to be in a procession to Bacchus carrying ivy  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:51-53","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3346,"EventTxt":"The temple was filled with riot and revelling by the Gentiles who riotously spent their lives with harlots and in the holy circuit of the temple defiled themselves with women  They brought in things that were not lawful and the altar also was filled with profane things which the law forbids  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3347,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the month Casleu  which is part of our November and part of December  in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  they erected the abomination of desolation  the detestable idol of Jupiter Olympus on the altar  They built altars for idols throughout the cities of Judah and burnt incense at the doors of their houses and in the streets   APC I","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:54-56","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3348,"EventTxt":"When they had cut in pieces the books of the law which they found  they burnt them in the fire  By the king s command  they executed anyone they found with a book of the testament or if he approved of the law  APC IMa       By the title of books of the law  we do not mean just the Mosaic Pentateuch  With the later Hebrews  who from hence derive the origin of that Petaroth or ordinary lecture after which the people were dismissed  according to Elias Levita  for his Tirchbl  in the word too   The whole Scripture of the Old Testament is meant  Joh         ICo     Josephus on the same occasion says        c      vv Wherever any holy book was found as also the law and they with whom it was discovered  both did miserably perish","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3349,"EventTxt":"Severus Sulpicius   Sacr  Histor         is of the same opinion and writes  vv The holy volumes of the law and the prophets were consumed in our fires","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3350,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the month Casleu  sacrifices were offered on the idol altar which was erected on the altar of God  APC IMa     This was  th year of the Seleucia s reign in olympiad     Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3351,"EventTxt":"At the same time  two women who had circumcised their children  were accused  Their children were hanging about their necks  After they had been publicly led through the city  they threw them down headlong from a wall  Their families and those that had circumcised the infants were killed  APC IMa      Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3352,"EventTxt":"The Galatians under Advettas their leader  attacked the kingdom of Eumenes and made quite a disruption  A truce was made for the time of winter  The Gauls went home again and the king withdrew to Pergamos to his winter quarters where he fell sick of a serious disease   Livy       with Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3353,"EventTxt":"When Antiochus saw that his edicts were despised by the people  he forced everyone by torture to eat unclean meats and to renounce Judaism   Joseph  Bellum de Maccab   Howbeit  many of the Israelites were fully resolved not to eat any unclean thing and they chose to die that they might not be defiled with those meats and not profane the holy covenant  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3354,"EventTxt":"Therefore Antiochus sat in an imminent place  as president with his assessors and his army with their weapons around them  He ordered every Hebrew to be snatched away and to eat swine s flesh and such things as had been offered to idols  If any should refuse the profane meat  they were to be executed after being racked on wheels   Joseph  Bellum de Maccab","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3355,"EventTxt":"Of the many that were taken  a leader  Eleazar was captured  He was a   year old priest who was a famous scribe and most expert in the knowledge of the laws  He was well known to many of the followers of Antiochus and was brought before them  He refused to eat swine s flesh nor did he pretend to have eaten it  He chose rather to undergo the most cruel torments than to violate the law   Joseph  Bellum de Maccab   APC","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:18-31","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3356,"EventTxt":"After him  seven young brothers with their most courageous mother were brought before Antiochus  They refused to taste swine s flesh  After they had been tortured to death with newly invented torments handled in a most cruel manner  The most noble martyrdom of these persons is found described in APC  Ma   and in the small treatise of Josephus  touching the Maccabees  entitled Of the Empress Reason  In the Latin paraphrase of it written by Rufinus  these persons are reported to be brought from their citadel named Sasandrum to Antioch to the king  Their names were Maccabeus  Aber  Machir  Judas  Aelias  Areth  Jacob  and the mother s name is said to be Solomona  However  the later Hebrew historians call her Hannah","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3357,"EventTxt":"In Judah  about this time  Rhazis an elder of Jerusalem gave a notable example to others  He risked his body and soul for the defence of the Jewish religion  For this love to his country he was termed  The Father of the Jews  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3358,"EventTxt":"The king s officers  who in Judea forced men to this apostasy  came to the town called Modin  They planned to compel the Israelites to sacrifice to idols  APC IMa     Modin was a village near Diospolis  as Eusebius relates in his book  Mattathias son of Jonathan  which was the son of Simeon  lived there at that time  He was a priest of Jerusalem of the family of Jehoiarib  who was the first among the   courses  ICh     He had five sons  John called Caddes or Gaddes  Simon called Thassi  Judas called Maccabeus  Eleazar called Abaron or Avaran  and Jonathan called Apphus  APC I  Those seven martyrs who died at Antioch are called Maccabean brethren from their older brother Maccabeus  So the custom prevailed that from Judas Maccabeus  if not the first of Mattathias  five sons in age  as Josephus thinks in his first book of the war  chapter one   By the account of prowess and glory they achieved  APC IMa               they all received the common name of Maccabees  However  their father Mattathias or Matthias is called by Josephus  Bellum    I e     as also in the Chronicle of Eusebius  and the lesser Seder Olam of the Hebrews  the son of Asamonaeus  In  Antiq        c     he is called the son of John  the son of Simeon  the son of Assamoneas  The ordinary Hebrews think Mattathias to have been called Hasamoneus and that from him that surname descended to his posterity  R  David Kimchi thinks this is based on    where he denotes the word  ynsfx  princes","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 2:1-5\", \"Ps 68:5-32\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3359,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  officers earnestly exhorted Mattathias when he was brought to them to set an example and yield obedience to the king  The city of Modin was fortified with his sons and brethren  This he refused to do and killed a certain Jew whom he saw sacrificing on the heathen altar and at the same time killed the king s commissioner also  called by Joseph  Antiqu        c     Apelles  who forced men to sacrifice there  He threw down the altar and after that exhorted all who were zealous of the law to follow him  He with his sons fled into the mountains and left all their goods in the city  APC I","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 2:16-28","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3360,"EventTxt":"Then many  that sought after justice went down into secret places and together with their children and wives and cattle lived in caves  When this was known by Philip   that Phrygian whom Antiochus had left governor at Jerusalem  APC  Ma     the king s commanders with the garrison of the citadel of Jerusalem pursued after them  When they could not persuade them to obey the king s commandment  they threw fire into the cave on the sabbath day  They killed about   people including their wives and children with the cattle  Those who were trapped there  made no resistance and honoured the sabbath day   APC I    Ma     Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 2:29-38","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3361,"EventTxt":"When Mattathias and his friends were told of this  they grieved for them  They decided that from then on they would attack the enemy to drive him out   APC I   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 2:39-41","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3362,"EventTxt":"The company of Asideans joined them  They were religious men who voluntarily offered themselves for the defence of the law by arms  and all who were compelled to flee from the wicked  They set up an army and killed some of the impious men and forced others to flee to other countries  However  Mattathias and his friends marched up and down the country and threw down altars  They circumcised all children whom they found uncircumcised in the land of Israel  They chased the enemy and had good success  APC I","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 2:42-48","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3363,"EventTxt":"Fearing the Romans  the Cibyrates did not want Polyaratus the Rhodian  among them  They were unable to take him to Rome because they were not skilled sailors  They sent an embassy to Rhodes and also into Macedonia to L  Emilius Paulus the proconsul asking them to take the man  The proconsul wrote to the Cibyrates that they should keep Polyaratus in custody and bring him to Rhodes  He ordered the Rhodians that he should secretly be brought to Rome by sea  So this was done and Polyaratus was at last brought to Rome   Polyb  in Excerptis Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3364,"EventTxt":"King Eumenes sent his brother Attalus to Rome for the help to settle the invasion of the Galatians  He was also to congratulate the senate about the victory over Perseus  Attalus cheerfully lead this embassy because he had assisted the Romans in that war and exposed himself to all dangers as a willing and devoted confederate  He might by some testimony of favour and benevolence  try to find out how acceptable that service was to the senators  Lest he should be tempted also to procure the kingdom  Eumenes sent after his brother to Rome  Stratius the physician  He was a person of most trusted and of great authority with him  He was to be a faithful spy of the things that were done by his brother and a trusty monitor if he should see him depart from his fidelity to Eumenes   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3365,"EventTxt":"When all men kindly received Attalus at Rome for they knew him and his actions for them in the war and considered him a friend  When a larger number came to honour him than he expected  he became proud not knowing the true reason for which he was so kindly entertained  Most of the Romans did not like Eumenes for they believed that he acted deceitfully in this war  had conferences with Perseus and was waiting to take advantage of any difficulty the Romans may have  Some high officials were eager to draw Attalus into a private discussion and encourage him to lay aside the mission he had undertaken for his brother and to entreat for himself  They said the senate was alienated from his brother and desirous to give him his brother s kingdom  Hence it came to pass that Attalus  mind was so puffed up that he even asked some of these officials to bring the matter to the senate for debate  However Stratius the physician  a person of outstanding prudence and powerful eloquence persuaded him otherwise  He told him that he indeed did now reign with his brother and in the future  he would be left the undoubted successor to the kingdom  This may not be too far off since Eumenes was quite sick and expected to die at anytime  The new disruption in the kingdom from the insurrection of the Gauls  could scarcely be handled by both of them acting together much less if their was civil war in the kingdom  Therefore when Attalus came into the senate  he first expressed joy for the overthrow of Perseus  Then he talked of his active part in that war  Lastly  he requested the senate to send ambassadors to the Galatians  By their authority they should make them stop this war and return to their own lands  He also spoke of the cities of Enions and Maronites which he requested might be given to him  Concerning the accusation against his brother and the division of the kingdom  he said nothing   Polyb  Legat     Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3366,"EventTxt":"The senate thought that Attalus would come to them again and discuss the matter of the kingdom so they promised him to send ambassadors  They were very generous in the gifts they gave to him which were given according to custom  Moreover they promised to give him those cities he asked for  After all this had been done for him  Attalus left the city and the things the senate hoped for did not happen  The senators were frustrated and while Attalus was still in Italy  they declared Aenum and Maronea to be free and reneged on the promise which they had made to Attalus  However  the embassy headed by Publius Licinius was sent to the Galatians   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3367,"EventTxt":"Among the many embassies of Asia and Greece  after Attalus the ambassadors of the Rhodians drew the most attention  They had at this time a two fold mission  First they turned over Philocrates and the later Philophron and Astymedes   Polyb  Legat     Livy       c      When the Rhodians received the reply that was given to Agesipolis shortly after the battle with Perseus  they knew the anger of the senators was against them  When they heard their threats  they immediately sent those embassies   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3368,"EventTxt":"The delegates appeared first in white clothing as a sign of rejoicing over the Roman victory  If they had come in dirty clothes  they might have looked like mourners for the misfortune of Perseus  The senators had consulted with Marcus Junius the consul while the ambassadors stood in the public assembly  They wanted to determine if they would give to them the place  rewards and a hearing  They decided that no rite of hospitality should be given to them  The consul left the senate and the Rhodians told them they came to congratulate them on their victory and clear the accusations against their city  They requested that they might appear before the senate  They were told that that the Romans usually gave their confederates and friends hospitality  lodging  entertainment and also a senate  However the Rhodians in that war were not considered confederate friends  When they heard this  they all prostrated themselves on the ground and begged the consul and all that were present that they would no more look upon new and false incriminations to their harm than on their previous service to which the Romans were witnesses  They immediately put on mourning clothes and went up and down with prayers and tears to the houses of the chief persons  They entreated them that they would first understand their cause before they were condemned   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3369,"EventTxt":"Marcus Juventius Talua the praetor  whose job was to oversee the affairs between the citizens and foreigners  stirred up the people against the Rhodians  He set a dangerous precedent of not going though the senate nor the consuls  He made a motion that Rome should declare war on Rhodes and one of the magistrates of that year should be sent with a fleet to manage the war  He hoped that he would be the one to lead the force  M  Antonius and Marcus Pomponius  the tribunes of the people opposed this motion  The praetor and tribunes disputed this matter  The tribunes succeeded in persuading the assembly to defer the matter until Aemilius the general arrived   Livy       c      Antonius violently removed the praetor from the desk  The ambassadors of the Rhodians were brought by him to the senate and made their speeches  Philophron spoke first and then Astymedes   Polyb  Legat     cum Diod  Sic  Legat       in Photii Bibliothecca  cod      The later part of the speech of Astymedes is found in Livy but the first part is missing  Polybius states that Astymedes put his speech among his letters and gave them to the public  However  the same author observes about that speech that it was not liked by the more prudent persons because  perhaps in the first part of it which is missing in Livy  he undertook the defence of his own country in such a manner by accusing the rest of the Greeks","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3370,"EventTxt":"After the speech was over  they all fell down on their faces and in a humble manner cast down the olive branches  At length they got up again and left the assembly  When the vote was held  those who held the office of consuls or praetors or ambassadors in Macedonia or were involved in the war  were most enraged against the Rhodians  However  Marcus Portius Cato advanced their cause who in spite of his naturally stern disposition  at that time showed himself a gentle and meek senator  He added the speech which he spoke for them in the senate to his fifth book of his Origines  or Derivations   Livy       c      Finally the senators severely upbraided the Rhodians with many things  The reply given to the Rhodians was so phrased that while they were not turned into enemies they did not continue to be allies   Polyb  Diod  Sic    Livy      c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3371,"EventTxt":"When the answer was given  Philocrates immediately went to Rhodes and Astymedes remained at Rome so that he might know what things were going on and notify his country men accordingly  The Rhodians were relieved that the fear of war had past and took the rest of the news sadly but were content   Polyb    Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3372,"EventTxt":"P  Licinius and the rest of the ambassadors who were sent with Attalus to end the war between the Gauls and King Eumenes arrived at Synnas  At this time Eumenes  who was now recovered  in the beginning of the spring  was up and around and had gathered his army from various places to Sardis  At Synnas  the Roman delegates conferred with Solovetius  the captain of the Gauls and Attalus went along with them  He would not enter into the camp of the Gauls lest his presence should inflame the situation  P  Licinius  talked with the captain of the Gauls and found him more fierce after his talk  So much so it seemed strange that the words of the Roman delegates should prevail so much among those rich kings of Antiochus and Ptolemy that they should make peace  However they held no weight with the Gauls   Livy","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3373,"EventTxt":"Toward summer  the Rhodians sent Theatetus  the copies of Livy have Theodotus  the admiral of the fleet  with a crown of the value of     or  as we read it in Livy      of gold   at the rate of   pounds a piece  that they might by all means procure the friendship with the Romans  They desired that this might so be requested from the Romans that no vote of the Rhodian people should be made concerning it should it be committed to writing  They feared that if they should not obtain it in addition to the failure of their embassy  they would be more disgraced after this refusal  However the truth is that although before this  the Rhodians had assisted the Romans for over   years  They continued in their friendship that they never bound themselves to them by a league of amity  They did not want to cut off from the kings the hope that the Rhodians might come to their help if the need arose  Neither did they want to deprive themselves of the chance of profiting from the goodwill and good fortune of these kings  However  now with most earnest desire they endeavoured to procure this honour not that they were in love with new confederates or stood in fear of any save only the Romans themselves  They hoped to reduce Rome s suspicion of them   Polyb  Legat     Livy       c     Dio  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3374,"EventTxt":"Theaetetus had barely arrived at Rome from Rhodes when the Caunians revolted from them  The people of Mylassa occupied the towns of the Euromenses  The Rhodians quickly sent Lycus with an army and forced the Caunians with the help the Cibyrates  to submit to their government  In a battle near Orthesia  they defeated the Mylassens with the Alabandens who had taken away the province of the Euromenses   Polyb    Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3375,"EventTxt":"At the same time the senate published a decree granting liberty to the Carians and Lycians  After this war the Rhodians were fearful  They thought they had wasted the money giving the crown and vain were the hopes of friendship with the Romans  Thus the Rhodians lost Lycia and Caria  after they had been forced to endure their wars to gain them   Polyb  Legat          Livy       c     Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3376,"EventTxt":"When a senate was granted to Theaetetus  he entreated them concerning the entrance into a league with the Rhodians  While the senators made delays  he died at the age of   years  Later the Caunians and Stratonicians  that were in exile  came to Rome  When they were heard by the senate  the senate decreed that the Rhodians must withdraw their garrisons from Caunus and Stratonicea  When the answer was known  Phylophron and Astymedes quickly returned to their country  They feared that if the Rhodians should not recall their garrisons  new calamities would befall their city   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3377,"EventTxt":"About the same time  the Cnossians and Gortynians waged war with the Raucians  They made a league among themselves which they confirmed by an oath that they would not end the war before they had taken Raucus by force   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3378,"EventTxt":"When the Rhodians were notified about the Caunians  they knew the Romans were still angry with them  They obeyed the decree of the senate   Polyb  Legat      Thus they lost Caunus which they had bought from the commanders of Ptolemy with   talents  They also lost Strotonicea  which they had received as a generous gift from Antiochus and Seleucus  Both cities paid   talents yearly to their city   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3379,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians sent an embassy to Rome headed by Aristotle  They were to earnestly ask for friendship with the Romans  About mid summer the ambassadors arrived and were heard before the senate  They said the Rhodians had obeyed all the things they were asked and they urged the senators with many reasons to grant them amity  The senate s reply contained no mention of amity for the Rhodians   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3837,"JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3837 AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3380,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of autumn  L  Aemilius Paulus appointed C  Sulpitius Gallus  to oversee the army  Paulus went with a small retinue to view Greece  His son Scipio and Athenaeus  brother of Eumenes the King  were his bodyguards  He granted liberty to Macedonia and enacted laws suitable for confederates  After settling his serious affairs  he instituted at Amphipolis games which he had been long preparing for  He had sent messengers into the cities of Asia and notified the kings of it  However  in Greece he visited the cities personally and notified the governors of it  In that great gathering of Europe and Asia  a multitude came from every quarter  Some came to congratulate the Romans  Others came to see the sight of such large army and naval forces  Provisions were abundant and cheap  Most received gifts of food for their need and enough to take back home   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3381,"EventTxt":"Labeo was sent by the Romans to destroy Antissa in the island Lesbos and for the resettling of the Larysseans to Methymna  When Antenor  Perseus  admiral had sailed about Lesbos  they received and furnished him with supplies   Livy  c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3382,"EventTxt":"Prusias  Venator   king of Bithynia  with his son Nicomedes  came to Rome  The senate sent L  Cornelius Scipio the treasurer  to meet him at Capua and decreed that a most excellent house should be rented for him at Rome  Provisions were to be charged to the public account for himself and all his retinue  He was entertained and treated like a good friend by the whole city of Rome   Livy       c     Valer  Maxim        c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3383,"EventTxt":"After he entered the city with a great train  he went from the gate and the judgment seat of Q  Cussius the mayor  to the forum  A large crowd was on every side  He said  that he came to worship the gods who dwelt at Rome as also to greet the senate and Roman people  He congratulated them on their victory over Perseus and Gentius the king  They increased their empire by subduing the Macedonians and Sclavonians  When the mayor had told him that if he pleased  he would hold a senate for him that day  He requested a two day delay so that he might visit the temples of the gods  the city and his friends  L  Cornelius Scipio the treasurer was appointed to him for a guide  The third day  he came to the senate and congratulated them on their victory  He mentioned his part in that war and requested that he might be allowed to perform his vow by offering   large sacrifices in the capital at Rome and one at Praeneste to Fortune  These were his vows for the conquest of the people of Rome and that his friendship with the Romans would be renewed  He wanted the land that was taken from King Antiochus and was occupied by the Gauls  although the Romans had given it to no one  Last of all  he entrusted his son Nicomedes to the senate  He was supported by all those who had been commanders in Macedonia  Therefore the rest of his requests were granted  Concerning the land  they said they would send ambassadors to inquire whether it belonged to the Roman people and was assigned to no one  They willingly accepted Nicomedes  Ptolemy  king of Egypt whose kingdom was preserved by the Romans when Antiochus invaded it  testified to the care the Roman people took of the children of their confederate kings  Moreover  it was commanded  that beasts and other things that were needed for sacrifices  whether he would offer them at Rome or at Praeneste  should be given to the king  as to the Roman magistrates at the public expense    long ships should be given to him from the fleet which lay at Brundusium  He could use these until the king came to the fleet that assigned to him  Also L  Cornelius Scipio should accompany him and should pay all his expenses until they should take sail  It is reported  that the king was overjoyed by the kindness of the Roman people  He refused the gifts that were given to him but commanded his son to accept of the gift of the Roman people  These things the Roman writers relate of Prusias   Livy        c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3384,"EventTxt":"Polybius and other Greek authors write  that when he came into the senate  he bowed low and kissed the threshold of the senate and called the senators  his tutelary gods  He spoke not so honourably to the hearers as unbecoming to himself  For this extraordinary action  he received a more courteous answer from the senate   Id  ibid  Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat     or     However  after he stayed in the city about   days  he left for his kingdom   Livy       c","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3385,"EventTxt":"About this time  news arrived that Eumenes was on his way to Rome  If he were excluded from Rome  he might be thought to be an enemy because he remained neutral in the Macedonian war  If he were admitted  people would think he was exonerated  There was a general law made that no king should be permitted to come to Rome   Polyb  Legat     Livy c      After it was known that Eumenes had arrived at Brundusium in Italy  they sent to him the treasurer  to bring this decree to him  He was to ask whether he had to address the senate about anything  If he had no request to make to the senators  then he should tell the treasurer and quickly leave Italy  After the king had met with the treasurer and understood the pleasure of the senate  he said nothing about business with him and assured him that he needed nothing  By this means the Romans prevented Eumenes  arrival at Rome and procured something else that was of great concern to them  The kingdom of Pergamos was in great danger from the Galatians  There was no doubt that by this disgraceful rejection of Eumenes  the courage of all his friends would be abated  The Galatians would be twice as courageous in waging war  This happened at the beginning of winter   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-167,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4547,"Dating":"3838a AM, 4547 JP, 167 BC"}
{"Index":3386,"EventTxt":"Mattathias exhorted his sons to the study of piety and to defend the law of God  He commended Simon to them  as a counsellor and father  but Judas Maccabeus  as the commander of their wars because from his youth he was very brave  After this  he blessed them and he died in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  He had governed the miserable and banished troops one year  His sons buried him in the sepulchres of their fathers at Modin and all the Israelites bewailed him with a great lamentation   APC I   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 2:49-70","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3387,"EventTxt":"Judas Maccabeus  brothers and all who followed his father helped him  He succeeded in his father s place  APC IMa       He went secretly into the villages and exhorted their kinsmen and took those with them who remained loyal to the Jewish religion  They gathered   men and called on the Lord that he would take pity on his profaned temple and the ruined city  He would hear the blood that cried to him and remember the unjust death of the innocent infants and the blasphemies that were committed against his name  They asked that he would show his hatred against the wicked  APC","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 8:1-4","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3388,"EventTxt":"In the meantime when Antiochus heard of the games held by Emilius Paulus in Macedonia he planned to have more magnificent games than Paulus held  He sent delegates and observers into the cities who declared that at Daphane near Antioch  games would be held by him  His intent was that from all Greece  as Polybius  or from all parts of the world  as Diodorus states  famous men might eagerly come to that show  Polybius in the  st book of his history thus describes the games","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3389,"EventTxt":"First there were   men in their prime dressed like Roman soldiers  with clubbed brigantines  After these followed just as many Mysians  Next came   lightly armed Cilicians  harnessed with golden crowns  After this came   Thracians and   Galatians  Some had silver shields  After this came   pairs of gladiators  They were followed by   riding on Pisaean or rather Nisaean horses   The most learned Casaubon has corrected this error     were riding on common horses and most had gold or silver crowns  These were followed by about   cavalry by their confederates and friends who were all furnished with golden trappings  With these followed   more cavalry of their associate friends adorned in the same way  Besides these marched   choice men who were excellent horsemen  They were followed by about   called by the Greeks  Agema or the company  Lastly came   horsemen in complete armour from head to toe called by the Greeks  Cataphracti because both men and horses were covered with arms  All these persons had purple coats  Some of the coats were interwoven with gold and had with the image of live beasts  After these marched   chariots with six horses abreast and   wagons with four horses abreast  There was a chariot drawn with a pair elephants  and another with two horses  After these followed   single elephants in no particular order","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3390,"EventTxt":"Next came about   youths with golden coronets and almost   fat oxen with   tables for holy uses plus   elephants  teeth  Then men carried whatever they said or believed to be gods or Genii  Some carried images of their heroes  Some of them were gilded over and others were clothed in golden robes  Each one gallantly adorned with his eulogy and motto according to the legend written about him  To these were added the images of the night  of the day  the earth  of the heavens  of the morning and of the noon    pages belonging to Dionysius  the king s secretary  went in this pompous train  carrying silver vessels none of which weighed less than a   drachmas  These were followed by   more of the king s pages carrying vessels of gold  Then came about   women whose job was to sprinkle the spectators with their sweet ointments from their golden chalices  In the rear came   women gloriously clothed and adorned with costly clothes who were carried in litters with golden legs    came in litters with silver legs  These things were most remarkable in the pageantry","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3391,"EventTxt":"After this  a great number of contests of sports  fencing and hunting were held for   days  All this time a variety of ointments was provided by the king for all who played for any prize  For this purpose   golden jars were brought full of ointments of saffron  An equal number contained cinnamon and spikenard  These ointments were given freely for the first   days  For the rest of the games ointments of olive oil  marjoram  and lilies were given freely  For the guests  sometimes   other times   tables were most richly spread  All these things were magnificently performed  He paid for these from what he had cheated king Philometor out of in Egypt while he was still a minor  Other funds came from the spoils of those many temples which he had plundered   Polyb  in Athenaus        c             c","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3392,"EventTxt":"But the glory of this preparation was eclipsed and debased by those unworthy actions the king did personally  For he went riding up and down on a little riding horse ordering as he pleased  some to stand  others to pass  He did this in such a way that except for his diadem no one would have thought him a king who barely qualified as a servant  All the times of the feast  he stood at the doors of the rooms where the feast was kept  He conducted some in  others he placed at the tables  He ushered in the servants that brought in the dishes  Sometimes he walked around  sometimes he sat down and sometimes he lay on the floor  Often he would run around to remove a dish or a cup from the table  In drinking with his guests  he now and then drank to those who drank to him  He sported and jested with such as were so inclined  Moreover  many had left because the feast went on for a long time  he came in a disguise brought in by the actors and laid along on the ground as if he had been one of their company  Finally  he was roused by the sound of music  he got up and started dancing and acting his part with ridiculous gestures  All were so ashamed of the king s behaviour  they left the feast   Polyb  ibid    cum secutus Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3393,"EventTxt":"The show finally finished  Tiberius Gracchus  was sent as an ambassador by the senate to Antiochus  He was to determine what the king was up to and spy on his affairs  The king entertained him with such cheerfulness and alacrity that he did not suspect a plot or discover the least token of alienation in him for what had happened at Alexandria  Tiberius opposed those who wanted to impeach him  Antiochus gave his royal palace to the ambassadors of Rome which was as good as his very diadem  Notwithstanding all this ceremony  his will and affection was most irreconcilably alienated against the Romans   Polyb  Legat          Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3394,"EventTxt":"While Antiochus was at leisure in the games at Daphne  Judas Maccabeus was busy in Judea  He was greatly helped by his brothers  He drove out the enemy  killed his apostate countrymen and purged the land from its uncleanness   Joseph        c      He attacked cities and villages by surprise and burned them  He controlled the most strategic places  He routed large numbers of his enemies  He usually attacked by night to get the element of surprise  The fame of his valour spread everywhere  APC IMa        Ma","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3395,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors were sent from the Galatians in Asia to Rome  The senate granted them freedom to rule themselves as long as they stayed in their land and did not attack other lands   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3396,"EventTxt":"Pytho was sent on a mission from Prusias  king of Bithynia to Rome  He complained to the senate about Eumenes  He had pillaged Prusias  territories and seized some places for himself  He charged also that Eumenes would not stop his encroachment on Galatia nor submit to the decrees of the senate  He only advanced his own interests  On the contrary  Prusias obeyed the desires of the Roman people and desired that his country be governed by the precepts of the senate  Likewise  others came from the Asiatic cities with fresh accusations  hinting at an alliance between Eumenes and Antiochus against the Romans  When the senate had heard these things  they did not refute the accusations or say what they would do  They kept everything secret and watched carefully the actions of Eumenes and Antiochus with increasing jealousy  In the meantime  they satisfied the Galatians in some matters and helped them affirm their freedom   Polyb  Legat     Livy","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3397,"EventTxt":"Astymedes the Rhodian delegate  pleaded his country s cause at Rome before the senate  He was now more moderate and not so hot in his speech as in his former ambassage  He omitted all recriminations and made it his only business at present to show that his countrymen had suffered sufficiently and far beyond the degree of the offence  His main complaint was that the Rhodians had lost the revenue from their harbour  In regard to that  the Romans had discharged Delos from paying tribute and had also taken from the people the liberty which they formerly enjoyed in determining tariffs and other matters of public concern  The custom duties which in former times netted a million drachma now barely amounted to      The senate knew that only a few were engaged in criminal behaviour and these had been punished by the people  He requested that they would not show their displeasure against those who were not involved in any way but to receive them into their grace and favour as they did before  Their country stood more in need of friends in peacetime than an ally for war  His speech seemed so suitable to the present condition of the Rhodians that when Tiberius Gracchus  who was recently from Asia where he was an ambassador  said this  The Rhodians had submitted themselves to the decrees of the senate and all were executed who had anything to do with bringing the Rhodians into disfavour with the Romans  He silenced his adversaries and prevailed with the Romans that they would take the Rhodians into their alliance   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3398,"EventTxt":"Tiberius could not tell any more to the Senate about the plans of Eumenes and Antiochus than that they know before Tiberius had left Rome  The kings had entertained him most graciously   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3399,"EventTxt":"Apollonius  governor of Samaria raised a large army from the Gentiles and Samaritans and attacked the Jews  However  Judas Maccabeus killed him and many others  The rest fled  Judas took the spoil including Apollonius  own sword which always used in the war after that    APC I   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:10-12","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3400,"EventTxt":"Seron who governed Coelosyria heard how that Judas was well equipped with an army and large numbers from all parts were coming to him  Seron mustered all the forces under his command including the renegade Jews and camped near the way up to Bethhoron  Judus routed his whole army and   of them were killed  The rest fled into the land of the Philistines near the sea coast   APC I   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:13-24","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3838,"JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3838 AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3401,"EventTxt":"As soon as the news of this defeat came to Antiochus  he was so furious that immediately levied all the troops of his kingdom  He gave them a year s pay and ordered them to be ready for service  After this salary was paid  he saw his treasury was empty The Jewish revolt deprived him of   talents of silver each year  Also intense persecution raged in the Greek cities and many regions thus reducing his revenues  He did not spare the Gentiles while he try to make the forsake their ancient superstitions and conform to his worship  Insomuch  that he feared that he would not find enough to defray his expenses and gratuities  In this he was very generous and surpassed all the kings that came before him  He determined to go into Persia to get money there  APC I    Joseph        c     Sever  Sulpic  Sacr  Histor","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:27-31","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3402,"EventTxt":"Before he left  he put Lysias of Syrian royalty  as governor over all the regions from the river Euphrates to the borders of Egypt  He entrusted him with the care of his son Antiochus   Eupator  He committing to him  half of all his forces and his elephants  He was ordered to utterly to root out the name of the Jews and to give their country to strangers  Antiochus left with the rest of his sons from Antioch near Daphne in the  th year of the kingdom of Greeks  He crossed over the Euphrates River and marched into the high countries  APC I","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:32-37","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3403,"EventTxt":"Philip  whom Antiochus had appointed over Jerusalem APC  Ma     saw how Judas Maccabeus grew stronger and stronger every day  He wrote to Ptolemy  son of Dorymenes  the governor of Coelosyria for help  Ptolemy immediately sent Nicanor son of Patroclus  a most trusted friend  with more than     soldiers from all nations  He was to exterminate the Jews  Ptolemy also sent Gorgias as a joint commander  He was a captain who was quite experienced in military affairs  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3404,"EventTxt":"Lysias also sent Ptolemy as a reserve to them  Under these three commanders  Ptolemy  Nicanor and Gorgias  were     foot soldiers and     cavalry  They marched with their entire army and camped by Emmaus in the plain country  APC I","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 3:38-40","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3405,"EventTxt":"Since Antiochus was   talents in arrears to the Romans  Nicanor settle the account from the sale of the captive Jews  For that purpose  he invited from the cities near the seacoast  erchants  He promised them   slaves for one talent  APC  Ma              No sooner was this known but the merchants of the country with their attendants came to the camp to purchase the Jews for slaves  Large numbers also came from Syria and the Philistines to barter for slaves  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3406,"EventTxt":"Jerusalem being now abandoned by its inhabitants and the temple was profaned  In these distressing times  Judas Maccabeus moved with his army to Maspha or Mizpa  Before the temple was built  the Jews used to worship there  Jud               ISa           He proclaimed a fast and with most fervent prayers asked the Lord s protection of his small army  He had only      in the Latin edition  against this huge force  After this  such as had betrothed wives or planted vineyards or were afraid he sent away according to the law   He divided his army into four squadrons of   men and each squadron to one of his brothers  The army moved and camped on the south side of Emmaus opposite to the enemy  Judas earnestly exhorted them to behave valiantly even to die for their country and the laws of their God  He ordered them to be ready for the battle the next day  APC I","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"De 20:6-8\", \"Ma 3:42-60\", \"Ma 8:12-22\")","BibBk1":"De","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3407,"EventTxt":"That night Gorgias planned a surprise attack  He took   foot soldiers and   choice cavalry and came toward the Jew s camp  He had the garrison soldiers of Fort Sion for his escort  When Judas found this out  he wisely used this opportunity to attack the enemy while they were divided  He marched immediately to Emmaus against Nicanor while Gorgias their normal commander away  When Gorgias came by night to the Jew s camp and no one was there  He thought they had fled and searched for them in the mountains  At the break of day Judas showed himself in the plains of Emmanus with   men  These had neither armour or swords   APC I","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:1-6","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3408,"EventTxt":"Judas encouraged his soldiers to the battle and given the word to fight  By the help of God  he led the troops against Nicanor and killed more than   and wounded and maimed the most of Nicanor s army  They were all routed  The Jews pursued some of them from Emmanus as far as Gazara  as the Greek copy of the Maccabees  in the end of Arundel s library reads it  or Gadara  as Josephus   Other fled to the plains of Idumea  others as far as Palestine  Azotus  and Jamnia  About   stragglers were killed  APC I    Ma","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:8-15","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3409,"EventTxt":"Among those that fled were the merchants  who were certain of victory and of getting a good bargain on slaves  They became targets themselves  The Jews seized their money which the brought to buy them with  When they had long pursued them they sounded a retreat  For the evening  on which the sabbath began  was drawing near  After that they had gathered up the arms of the vanquished host and taken the spoils from them  they prepared for the observation of the sabbath   They magnified the mercy of God for this so marvellous a deliverance  APC","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 8:25-27","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3410,"EventTxt":"Judas has his Jews who were eager for plunder to stop  He feared of an encounter with Gorgias who was now returned from his fruitless expedition  Those forces were in the mountains  The enemy knew what had happened by the smoke of the burning tents and the other division of their army was routed  When they saw Judas on the plain  standing in battle array ready to engage them  they all scattered into the land of strangers  The land was thus cleared of the enemy  Judas returned to the spoil where he found plenty of gold  blue silk  purple of the sea  which the Phoenician merchants had left behind them and much wealth  APC I   All this the soldiers shared among themselves  having first set aside a portion for the maimed  widows and orphans  Then together they beseeched the Lord that he would continue to be gracious and favourable to his servants  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:16-23","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3411,"EventTxt":"After this the Jews fought with Timothy and Bacchides and slew in that battle more than     of the enemy  They took over the forts  and divided among themselves much spoil  They set aside some for the maimed  orphans  widows and aged persons into equal portions with themselves  When they had gathered up the arms and disposed of them into the most convenient places  the remainder of the spoil they carried to Jerusalem  They also slew Philarches  one of Timothy s men  He was a most wretched fellow and a notorious persecutor of the Jews  and in the midst of their solemn festival  which they had instituted For their recent victory  they burnt Callisthenes alive after he had taken sanctuary in a little house  He had burned the holy gates  Nicanor stripped himself of all his glorious clothes so to be less noticed  He came like a solitary fugitive through the midland country to Antioch  He confessed that the Jews were utterly unconquerable because they had God for their Protector  APC","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 8:30-36","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3412,"EventTxt":"Lysias was told by one who esacped what had happened  He was counfounded because the things which he wanted happened to Israel did not occur and the king s ordered were thwarted  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-166,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4548,"Dating":"3839a AM, 4548 JP, 166 BC"}
{"Index":3413,"EventTxt":"Therefore the next year which was the  th of the kingdom of the Greeks  Lysias hurried into Judea through Idumea with     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Judas Maccabeus marched toward him as he was camped at Bethsura on the borders of Judea  First he implored publicly the help of God and started the battle  Lysias saw how the Jews like so many mad men contemning death  broke through their enemy s ranks  His men fled and   were killed there  He returned to Antioch and planned a new expedition after he had gathered a larger army  APC I","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:28-35","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3839b AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3414,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Epiphanes had taken an expedition against Artaxias king of the Armenians  who marched from the eastern parts  Antiochus killed most of his army and took Artaxias prisoner   Appian  Syriac  p          Porphyr  apud Jerome in Da","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3839b AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3415,"EventTxt":"Prusias  king of Bithynia  strongly condemned Eumenes  king of Pergamos  who was already suspected of the Romans  Letters were intercepted that intimated an alliance with Perseus against the Romans  Prusias had also prevailed with the Galatians  Selgenses and many other people of Asia  to do the same  Attalus and Athenaeus were sent to Rome by their brother Eumenes  They had an audience with the Senate and cleared him of all crimes he was accused of  They returned to their country with many honours conferred on them  However  for all this  the senate still suspected an alliance between Eumenes and Antiochus  They sent C  Sulpitius Gallus and Marius Sergius as ambassadors with instructions to examine closely the affairs of Antiochus and Eumenes  They were to see if there were any preparations made for war and if there was any alliance between them against the Romans   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3839b AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3416,"EventTxt":"When C  Sulpicius Gallus entered Asia he unwisely made a proclamation through the chief cities there  He asked anyone who had anything accusations against king Eumenes  to come to Sardis at a set time  When he arrived  he sat on the bench made for that purpose  and spent   days hearing all sorts of things against Eumenes  He was looking for something to impeach him with  Gallus was a vain person and hoped to be honoured by finding fault with Eumenes   Polyb        in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3839b AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3417,"EventTxt":"When they had some relief from their enemies  Judas Maccabeus and his brothers with all their forces came up to Jerusalem  They retook the temple and the city except the citadel of Sion  They demolished the altars and shrines which the Gentiles had built in the public streets  Judas commanded some men to attack those who were in the citadel of Sion  He spent most of his time in cleansing the temple  His spirit was stirred up by the desolations he saw  APC I    Ma","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:36-41","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3839,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3839b AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3418,"EventTxt":"Judas assigned the priests who knew the Law to cleanse the sanctuary and move the defiled stones into an unclean place  They pulled down the altar of burnt offerings which was profaned by the Gentiles  Its stones were stored in the mount of the temple until the time when a prophet came who might tell them what ought to be done with them  They built another of whole stones on which no iron tool had been lifted according to the spirit of the law  De       They repaired the Holy and the Holy of Holies  They hallowed the courts and made new holy vessels  They brought into the temple the candlestick  the altar of incense and the table  They burnt incense on the altar  lit the lamps which were on the candlestick  They placed the shewbread on the table  spread the viols  and finished whatever they started  APC IMa        Ma","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3840a AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3419,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of the  th month  called Cisleu  or Chasleu  in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  They rose early in the morning and started a fire by striking stones one against the other  They offered sacrifice according to the law on their new altar of burnt offering  APC IMa        Ma     This was   years after Judas succeeded his father Mattathias in the government but   whole years since the Gentiles first sacrificed in that place  For on that very same day of the same month on which they profaned the old altar  Judas consecrated the new one   APC IMa        Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:3-5","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3840a AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3420,"EventTxt":"This dedication was joyfully celebrated with songs  hymns  citherns  harps  and cymbals  All the people fell prostrate on the ground and worshipped and blessed the God of heaven who had given them good success  They beseeched him that he would not allow them to fall any more in such calamities  If at any time they provoked him  they prayed that he himself would chasten them in mercy and that they might not be delivered up to the blasphemous and barbarous Gentiles  They kept the dedication of deliverances or peace offerings and of praise  They decked the fore front of the temple with golden crowns and shields  They repaired the gates and chambers on the sides of the temple and made doors for them  APC I","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 4:54-58\", \"Ma 10:4-6\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3840a AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3421,"EventTxt":"Then Judas and his brethren and all the congregation of Israel  ordained that through the whole country of the Jews  the days of the dedication of the altar should be observed annually with mirth and gladness for   days starting with the  th day of the month Chisleu  APC IMa      Ma     After they had kept the   days  they kept the feast of tabernacles  They recalled how not long ago they kept that feast while living about the mountains and caves like wild beasts  Now they carried green boughs  fair branches and palms  They sang praises to him who had brought the purification of his holy place to such a good conclusion  APC  Ma       Hence it was  that in the letters which the council at Jerusalem wrote to the Jews in Egypt  these days are called the days of tabernacles of the month Chisleu  APC  Ma       In the gospel Joh     they are called the feast of dedication of the Jews or the feast of lamps  This was either from the sudden eradiation of their religion and liberties  as Josephus intimates  Antiq        c      or from the lighting of the lamps because both at that time and the lighting of the lamps in the temple was restored  APC IMa        Ma     Also  to this very day  the Jews in their synagogue still continue their custom of celebrating this feast with the lighting of lamps","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3840a AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3422,"EventTxt":"When they had repaired the temple  they fortified mount Sion with high walls and strong towers to contain the enemy  They feared that those who were garrisoned in that fort would sally out against those worshipping at the temple  They fortified Bethsura which was about a half mile away APC  Ma     so that the people might have a garrison for defence against Idumea   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-165,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4549,"Dating":"3840a AM, 4549 JP, 165 BC"}
{"Index":3423,"EventTxt":"When the surrounding countries heard of the building of the altar and the dedication of the sanctuary  they were much displeased by this  Thereupon  they plotted how they might destroy all the Jews and they began to massacre all those that lived in any of their quarters  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840b AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3424,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Epiphanes crossed the high country beyond Euphrates  He heard that the city of Elymais in Persia   called Persepolis APC  Ma      was a very wealthy city  In its temple   which Appian reports to be dedicated to Venus   Elymais in Syriac  p      but Polybius and Diod to Diana  in Elymais   in Josephus        c       Jerome in Da   with Excerptis Valesii  p       was richly appointed and had gold coverings  breast plates and arms left there by Alexander the Great  Philip s son  When he greedily tried to plunder the city  the citizens rose up in arms against him  He was defeated and forced to retreat with much dishonour  APC IMa       Ma  l","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840b AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3425,"EventTxt":"When he arrived at Ecbatana  he was told of the defeat of Nicanor and Timothy in Judea  He left there for Babylon  Near the borders of Persia  he heard also of the great defeat given to Lysias  army  how the image of Jupiter Olympius was cast out of the temple at Jerusalem  and that the sanctuary and Bethsura were fortified  Therefore full of fury  he thought to be avenged upon the Jews for the disgrace he recently received by them  He ordered his chariots to go with all speed to hasten the journey home  He proudly bragged that as soon as he arrived at Jerusalem  he would make that city a common burying place for the Jews  APC I   Ma       The passage of Tacitus        Histor   relates to this  vv King Antiochus endeavoured to reform their religion and to bring in the cities of the Greeks  He was hindered by the Parthian war in his plan of destroying that most base nation","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 4:4-7","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840b AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3426,"EventTxt":"Scarcely were these proud words out of Antiochus  mouth  when he was struck with an incurable disease in the bowels and extreme pains  Although his body was quite sick his mind was still sharp  He still breathed out his threats against the Jews  He ordered his chariot man to increase his pace  It happened on this fast journey that he fell out of his chariot  He was badly hurt and his whole body was bruised and his limbs put out of joint  After he was taken up from the ground  he carried about in an horse litter  Worms bred so fast in his body that whole streaks of flesh sometimes dropped from him  While he was still alive in such pitiful state and because of the stench  none could endure to carry him  Thereby he became offensive to his whole army   APC     He was forced to stop his journey to Babylon and to stay at Tabis  a town of Persia   Polybius  in Excerpt  his Valesii  p       Jerome  Da    He continued bed ridden many days APC IMa       and pined away   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:5-10","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840b AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3427,"EventTxt":"From the beginning of the spring  began the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks   APC IMa     Antiochus Epiphanes gave up any hope of recovering  He called his friends and publicly acknowledged all those miseries to have happened to him for the harm he had done to the Jews  He must now  to his great grief  die in a strange land  APC I   When he could no longer endure his own smell  he said  It is fitting to submit to God  and for man who is mortal  not to set himself in competition with God","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:10-13","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3428,"EventTxt":"In this prayer to God  he vowed that he would allow those of Jerusalem and all other Jews everywhere  the free use of their own constitutions and that in the future  they should enjoy the liberty of their own laws and customs  He promised he would beautify the temple with most rare gifts  restore all the holy vessels  He would defray the costs of the sacrifices from his own treasury and that he himself also would become a Jew  He promised to go through the whole habitable world and declare the power of God  When he saw no lessening of his pains  he wrote most courteous letters to the Jews and earnestly entreated them  that they would remain loyal to him and to his son  While Antiochus lived he had appointed his son to be the next king as was the normal custom  APC","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:11-27","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3429,"EventTxt":"He called Philip to him who was his close friend and raised with him  APC  Ma     He appointed him over the whole kingdom and committed to him his crown  his robe and his signet  His purpose was that after he had taken back his son Antiochus from Antioch  where he had left him with Lysias  he should raise him up to be the next ruler of the kingdom  He was only   years old as had been previously hinted from Appian  Thus Antiochus died in  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks of a miserable death in a strange land on the mountains APC  Ma     of Parata  near Babylon  Grotius writing on this from the  th book of Curtius  stated that the town Tabis was located here  Polybius  in Excerpt  Velesii  p      said that he died at Tabis in Persia and Jerome on Da     tells  from Polybius and Diodorus  how Antiochus was frightened by certain phantoms and visions  He went mad and at last had a disease which killed him  He attributed his calamity to his sacrilegious designs on Diana s temple  However  Antiochus professed in the presence of all his friends that the basis of all his misery was  vv He robbed the temple at Jerusalem and sent forces to destroy the Jews without any cause   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3430,"EventTxt":"His dead corpse was carried out by Philip  He feared Antiochus  son and withdrew himself into Egypt to Ptolemy Philometor  APC  Ma     He planned to raise forces against Lysias  When Lysias had heard of Antiochus Epiphanes  death  he set up his son Antiochus in his place on the throne who was under his guardianship during his minority years and he called him Eupator  APC IMa     Appian reports  that the Syrians gave him that surname in honour of his father and confirmed that Lysias was his guardian in his upbringing   in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3431,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Eupator was now in actual possession of the crown and preferred to let Lysias manage the realm  In particular he gave him control of Coelosyria and Phoenicia  Ptolemy Macron  Dorymenes  son  who had that honour formerly under Antiochus Epiphanes  APC  Ma     IMa     poisoned himself when he was accused to Eupator as favouring the Jews  He saw the great injustices that were done to them and endeavoured that justice might be done to them and their affairs might be managed in a peaceable manner  He had been called a traitor for turning over Cyprus which was committed to his trust by Philometor  to Antiochus Epiphanes   APC     Polybius gives him this commendation   in Excerpt  Valesii  p      vv Ptolemy Macron  the governor of Cyprus behaved himself like an Egyptian in nothing  but was prudent and valiant among the first","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:11-13","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3432,"EventTxt":"But Gorgias who had the command of all parts about Judea  hired soldiers and continually pressed the war against the Jews  The Idumeans were allied with him and got control of the best places  They accepted the Jerusalem renegades and attacked the Jews and did what they could to keep the war going  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3433,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Judas Maccabeus at Acrabbates  a region of Idumea  attacked the sons of Esau  who had besieged the Jews  He stormed their garrisons and took control of them  Over     were killed and he seized on all their spoils  APC IMa      Ma","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3434,"EventTxt":"He recalled the injury done to the Jews by the children of Baean  They had hid themselves in secret ambushes along the way sides  by which the Jewish army was to pass  After their last defeat  the Baeanites had escaped with   to   very strong citadels and were provided with all things necessary to endure a siege  Therefore Judas Maccabeus left his brother Simon with Joseph and Zacchaeus to besiege them  He marched away to relieve some other places which stood in more need of his help  Those who were with Simon were greedy of money  They made a deal with the besieged for     drachmas and allowed some to escape  As soon as Maccabeus knew this  he convened the governors of the people and in their presence executed as many of them as where involved in this treachery  He took both the garrisons with little trouble and he burned them to the ground and utterly destroyed more than     of them  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:16-23","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3435,"EventTxt":"From there he passed over to the Ammonites  where he found a very large force with many people under Timotheus  command  He often fought them and defeated them  He took Jazer and its towns and returned to Judea  APC I","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:6-8","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3436,"EventTxt":"After his last defeat  Timotheus recruited multitudes of foreign forces and cavalry from Asia  He returned confident of the conquest of Judea  Maccabeus and those that were with him  after a serious humiliation and supplication to God  marched from Jerusalem and fought the enemy a great distance from the city  They were encouraged by visions of some horsemen in the heavens fighting for them  They killed     of the enemy s foot soldiers and   cavalry  Timothy escaped to a very strong garrison called Gazara where his brother Chereas was governor  Finally the garrison was taken  He and his brother with Apollonius were found hiding together in a pit and all three were killed with the sword  APC","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:24-38","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3437,"EventTxt":"The Trocmians  a people of Galatia  tried to get a foothold in Cappadocia  When this failed they sent letters to the Romans hoping to make King Ariarathes odious to them  The Romans soon sent an embassy headed by M  Junius there   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3840,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3840c AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3438,"EventTxt":"The autumn began the year of the account of the contracts or Dhilkarnain as noted by the writer of  nd Macabees  year    The Chaldee account used in the king s edicts   APC  Ma      and in Ptolemy s great Syntaxis         c             c        is used  This was also a sabbatical year","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3439,"EventTxt":"The heathen about the region of Gilead assembled against the Jews who were near their borders and planned to exterminate them  They killed   Jews who lived in the land of Tob  Jud     They led away their wives and children as captives and took their goods and household belongings  Timothy hurried with an army to besiege those Jews of Gilead who took refuge in the garrison in Dathema  This was not the same Timothy who was killed with his brother Chereas  but another man with the same name  At the same time  others from Ptolemais  Tyre  Sidon and all Galilee of the Gentiles held a meeting to wipe out the Galilaeans  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3440,"EventTxt":"The Gileadites and Galilaeans sent letters to Judas and his brothers and earnestly asked them to hurry to help them  Thereupon after Judas consulted first with those at Jerusalem  he divided his whole army into   brigades  He sent his brother Simon with   men to help the Galilaeans  He and his brother Jonathan  took along with them   to help the Gileadites  He left the rest of the army with Joseph  son of Zacharias and with Azaria for the defense of Judea  He strictly charging them that they should not on any condition fight with the heathens until they returned back  APC I","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:16-20","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3441,"EventTxt":"As soon was Simon entered Galilee  he attacked the heathens and chased them to the very gates of Ptolemais  They killed   men there and took their spoil  After he had rescued the Galilaeans and those of Arbattis in the plain with their wives  children and all they had  they brought them into Judea with great joy   APC I","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:21-23","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3442,"EventTxt":"Before Judas could get to the Gileadites  many of them were besieged in Bossora  Bosor  Alemis  Caspher  Maged  Carnain and other cities in Gilead   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3443,"EventTxt":"By that time  Judas and his brother had crossed the Jordan River and had gone on a   day march through the Arabian Desert  The Nabathites met him and told what had happened to the Gileadites  In addition  they said that on the next day  the enemy planned to attack the garrisons and as fast as they captured them to kill them all in one day  With this news  Judas with his army turned aside by the way of the wilderness to Bozor  After they captured the city they killed all the males  pillaged the city and then burned it to the ground  He left at night and marched toward the fortress where he found the enemy about day break  They were placing the battering rams against the place  Those within the city prayed to God for help  Those that were with Judas marched in three divisions to the rear of the enemy  They blew trumpets and lifted up their voice in prayer  Timothy s camp knew that it was Maccabeus who was so near to them  They fled from him as fast as they could  In the pursuit  he killed   of the enemy  After this  he went to Maspha and took it by storm  He killed all the males and after they had plundered the place  they set it on fire  From there he went and took Chasphon  Maged  Bosor  and the other cities of the country of Gilead   APC I","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:24-36","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3444,"EventTxt":"While Judas and Jonathan were in Gilead and Simon in Galilee opposite Ptolemais  Joseph  the son of Zacharias and Azarias  who were left behind to hold Judea  heard of their gallant achievements  They were ambitious to get themselves a name as great as the others  Contrary to orders  they took their army as far as Jamnia and planned to fight the heathens  However  Gorgias assembled all his forces from the city against them and drove them back to the very borders of Judea  That day   Jews were killed   APC I","YearBCAD":-164,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:55-62","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4550,"Dating":"3841a AM, 4550 JP, 164 BC"}
{"Index":3445,"EventTxt":"Lysias was the protector and kinsman of the young king Eupator  Lysias effectively ran the kingdom  He was greatly upset at what had happened and mustered almost     men with all his own cavalry and   elephants  He marched against the Jews and planned to make Jerusalem a Greek city  the temple a tributary and to sell the office of the high priest every year  Thereupon  when he entered Judea  he besieged Bethsura  which was a strong place about half a mile from Jerusalem  However  Maccabeus  army were guided by an angel and killed       of the enemy s foot soldiers and   cavalry  All the rest including Lysias fled  Many were badly wounded and others threw away their arms and shifted for themselves  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:1-12","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841b AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3446,"EventTxt":"Lysias thought about his defeat and God who fought the battles for the Jews  He sent ambassadors to them to sue for peace and said that he would agree to all reasonable terms  He said he would use his influence to gain favour with the king  Judas Maccabeus agreed and wrote what he thought would be in the best interest of the Jews  This letter was sent by the hands of John and Absalom and contained what Lysias should ask the king for on the behalf of the Jews  The king granted every request   APC      The letters from both King Antiochus to Lysias and from him to the Jews are found in  APC  Ma          These are dated in the year  of the Chaldee account     the  th day of the month Dioscorinthius as it is in the Greek copies  In the Latin copy  APC      this month in the Chaldee year seems to be intercalated between Dyster and Xanthicus  in which are written  the following letters of the King  and the Romans to the Jews  concerning this peace   Therefore this is called in the Greek edition of the book of Esther   now seen in the noble Earl of Atundel s library  the month Adar  nisan and Dysterxanthicus  and by the modern Jews  Veadar or the other Adar  Although our Syriac interpreter of the second book of the Maccabees has substituted in its name the Syrians  latter Tisri","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 11:13-15\", \"Ma 11:16-21\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841b AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3447,"EventTxt":"In the same  th year   of the Chaldee account  the  th day of the month Xanthicus according also to the Chaldean reckoning  there are letters sent to the Jews from King Antiochus APC     and from Quintus Memmius and Titus Manlins  otherwise called Manius or Mamlius  the ambassadors from Rome  At that time they came to the king at Antioch   APC  Ma          After this Lysias came to the king after the covenants were drawn up  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:27-33","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841b AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3448,"EventTxt":"About the beginning of the spring  began the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks which the writer of the first book of the Maccabees uses","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3449,"EventTxt":"Demetrius  son of Seleucus Philopator was held many years hostage at Rome and was now   years old  He requested the senate that with the help of the people of Rome  he might be restored to his own kingdom which was unjustly usurped by the son of Antiochus Epiphanes  his uncle  He said that he should always look on Rome as his native country consider the senator s sons as brothers and the senators as fathers  Notwithstanding all this flattery  the senate esteemed it more expedient for them to have Syria governed by a child rather than a man  They voted that Demetrius should be detained at Rome and the kingdom be confirmed to the child which Antiochus left behind him  However  they presently sent Cn  Octavius Spurius  Lucretius and Lucius Aurelius as delegates to run that kingdom according to the pleasure of the senate  They thought no one would oppose them since the king was yet a child  and the princes of the court would be favourable to the senate since the Romans did not turn over the kingdom to Demetrius  The princes had greatly feared that this might happen  The senate was told that Antiochus had gotten elephants in Syria and many more ships than they allowed him  They ordered their delegates to burn the ships and hough the elephants  In other words  they should do what they could to bankrupt the king s treasury   Polyb  Legat     Appian  Syriac  p     Sonor  ex Dione  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3450,"EventTxt":"The delegates also received instructions to visit the Macedonians  They were not accustomed to a democratic government and had made no use of a common council  There were factions and seditions among them  They were ordered also to make a diligent enquiry into the affairs of the Galatians and the kingdom of Ariarathes   Polyb  Legat      However  Ariarathes  by his great civility in a conference with Junius and the former delegates  sent them away with a good opinion of himself   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3451,"EventTxt":"The peace between Eupator and the Jews was no sooner made than it was broken by those who had command in the adjacent lands  Timothy Apollonius  son of Genneus  Hieronymus  Demophon and Nicanor  the governor of Cyprus  would not allow the Jews to live in peace  The citizens of Joppa tricked more than   Jews who lived among them onto their ships  They sailed from shore and threw them all overboard  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:2-4","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3452,"EventTxt":"When Judas Maccabeus heard of this piece of treachery  he came by night to Joppa  He burned their port and their ships  He killed all those who had fled there  When he knew that the Jemnites plotted against those Jews that lived with them  he did the same by night to their port and fleet  The flames of the fire appeared as far away as Jerusalem which was   miles away   APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:5-9","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3453,"EventTxt":"When Judas  army had gone about a mile from there on their march against Timothy  the nomads of Arabia attacked them with at least   foot soldiers and   cavalry  After a fierce battle  the Arabians were defeated  They agreed to supply them with cattle and other needs and hence made peace with Judas  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:10-12","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3454,"EventTxt":"Judas  soldiers stormed the city of Caspis and took it  The city was fortified with a bridge and surrounded with walls and inhabited by people from various countries  So great was the slaughter of the citizens  that an adjacent lake  a quarter mile wide  was red with blood  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:13-16","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3455,"EventTxt":"They left there and travelled about   miles to Characa to the Jews who were called Tabiani because they lived in the land of Tob  Timothy had left the place  although he had not finished his business there  He left behind a very strong garrison  Dositheus and Sosipator  two of Judas  captains  attacked them and killed about     of the men which Timothy had left to hold it  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:17-19","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3456,"EventTxt":"After this defeat  Timothy raised a new army of     foot soldiers and   cavalry from all the surrounding countries with mercenaries from the Arabians  He sent away the women and children and other supplies to Carnion or Carnaim  This place was hard to besiege and difficult to approach because of the narrowness of the entrance  Timothy camped opposite Raphon on the other side the brook  Judas with all his forces  putting himself in the vanguard  crossed the brook toward the enemy  He totally routed that Gentile army  Some flew this way and others that way  in such a great disorder that they were often harmed by their own men and wounded by the points of their own swords  Judas eagerly pursued them and he slew nearly     men  APC I","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 5:37-43\", \"Ma 12:20-23\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3457,"EventTxt":"Timothy was captured by Dositheus and Sosipater  He craftily persuaded them to let him escape with his life because he had in his power many of the Jews  parents and brothers  If they put him to death  they would likewise be killed  When he agreed for their safe return  they let him go for their brethrens  sake  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3458,"EventTxt":"Judas marched on to the city of Carnaim and to the temple of Atargata which was located there  Many of the enemy had fled there for refuge  Judas burned the temple along with everyone in it  He demolished the city and killed     men  APC IMa        Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3459,"EventTxt":"Judas brought back all the Israelites which were in Gilead with their wives  children and all their belongings  He planned to bring them into Judea  They came as far as Ephron  which was a very great and well fortified city and stood in their way  It was inhabited by people from many countries  The walls were well manned and had in it a good supply of engines and ammunition  When Judas and his army had to pass through it  the citizens closed their gates against them and barricaded them up with the stones  However  they forced their way through after a day and a night s battery and demolished the city to the ground  They took all the spoil  killed all the males numbering almost     and marched over the dead bodies through it   APC I    Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:45-51","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3460,"EventTxt":"After this  they passed over Jordan into a great plain before Bethshan  APC IMa     which the Greeks called Scythopolis   Joseph  Antiq        c      about   miles from Jerusalem  As soon as they entered the town  the Jews  who lived among them  met them and told them  how friendly the Scythopolitans had always been with them  They said how kindly they had treated them in their adversities  Thereupon they returned them thanks and requested the continuance of their friendship to their country in times to come  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:29-31","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3461,"EventTxt":"Judas brought up the rear of his army and encouraged them all the way until he came to Judea  APC IMa     They arrived at Jerusalem about the feast of Pentecost APC  Ma     and went up to Mount Sion with joy and gladness  They offered burnt offerings because they had not lost a man and all returned home in peace  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3462,"EventTxt":"After Pentecost  Judas and his brothers with   foot soldiers and   cavalry marched against Gorgias who commanded Idumea and planned to fight with him  APC  Ma       IMa","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3463,"EventTxt":"In that battle few of the Jews were killed  Dositheus  one of the Bacenor s troops  a strong man had taken Gorgias prisoner and grabbed him by his coat of mail and led him away  A Thracian soldier came to him and cut off his shoulder and rescued Gorgias  He escaped into Marissa  They that followed Esdris  one of Judas  captains  were wearied with the long battle  When Judas had called on the Lord and sang psalms and hymns in his mother tongue  he attacked Gorgias  forces suddenly and made them flee  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:33-37","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3464,"EventTxt":"After the victory  he called together his army and withdrew to the city of Adullam  When the sabbath was come they purified themselves and kept that day  The next day  Judas  soldiers had gathered up the bodies of those that died in the battle and planned to bury them  They found under everyone s coat  things consecrated to the idols of the Jamnites which was prohibited by the Jewish law  De       It was clear to all what was the reason for their death  Thereupon they prayed and beseeched God that the sin might be utterly rooted out  Arundel s book and the Aldin edition states that they beseeched God that they might not be utterly destroyed for that sin  Moreover  they made a contribution of   or    as the Greek Arundel and my own Syriac book  or     as the Latin copies have it  drachmas of silver and sent it to Jerusalem to make a sin offering  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:38-43","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841c AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3465,"EventTxt":"Then Judas with his brethren went against the sons of Esau and attacked them in the south of Judea and smote Hebron and its villages  They dismantled the fortifications and burned the towns around the area  From there  he went through Samaria and planned to go into the land of the Philistines  At that time some priests were killed who were desirous to show their valour and acted unwisely in a skirmish  Judas went down toward Azotus into the land of the Philistines  After he had overturned their altars  burnt their graven images and took away the spoils of the cities  he returned into Judea  APC I","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 5:65-68","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3466,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  soldiers who were garrisoned in the tower at Jerusalem  had shut up the Jews around the temple and always tried to find ways to annoy them and strengthen the heathen  Judas and all the people besieged them in the  th year of the Greeks  He placed his battering rams and engines against them  However  some of the besieged escaped  to whom also some wicked Jews allied themselves  They prevailed with Antiochus Eupator the king to quickly subdue the rising power of the Jews  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3467,"EventTxt":"Thereupon the king summoned together all his friends and the commanders of his army and his cavalry  He got forces from other kingdoms  His whole force consisted of     foot soldiers and     cavalry and   elephants which were trained for war   APC I    In the second book of the Maccabees we read  how that in the  th year of the account  that is of the contracts  Judas Maccabeus had news that Antiochus Eupator was gone against Judea  His Greek forces numbered     foot soldiers and   cavalry    elephants and   chariots with hooks  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:28-30","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3468,"EventTxt":"Menelaus the usurping high priest  sided with this power and hoped to obtain from Eupator that honour which he had before in name only  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3469,"EventTxt":"King Eupator was highly enraged and came resolving to bring far greater harm on the Jews than his father ever did  When Judas heard of this  he commanded the people to call on God night and day for protection  After he had called a council of war  he resolved to march against the king and he camped by Modin  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:9-14","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3470,"EventTxt":"When the king s army had marched through Idumea  they attacked Bethsura with their engines of war but the men of Bethsura sallied forth valiantly and burned the engines  Judas camped in Bethzachariah opposite the king s camp  APC IMa       He told his men that victories are from God  Then he took with him the most valiant men and attacked the enemy s camp by night  He advanced as far as the king s own pavilion  He slew in this fight almost   men and their best elephants along with all that came upon him  When the morning dawned  he withdrew victoriously  The entire enemy camp was filled with dread and horror by his exploits   APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:15-17","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3471,"EventTxt":"Early in the morning  the king marched with his army and camped near Bethzachariah  He drew up his men into battle array and ordered that the juice of grapes and mulberries should be placed before the elephants  He thought that this would make them more fierce in the fight  These beasts were distributed throughout the army and to each beast was assigned   well armed foot soldiers and   cavalry  Each elephant s back had a wooden room that carried   soldiers plus the Indian to steer them  Their armour made such a glorious show that the neighbouring hills glittered from the reflection of the sun on their shields of gold and brass   APC I","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:33-41","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3472,"EventTxt":"Judas and his army engaged the enemy and killed   men of the king s party  At which time  Eleazar  surnamed Savaran   or Avaran  Judas  brother APC IMa      saw an elephant in royal harness and taller than any of the others  He thought the king was on his back riding it and he went for it and slaughtered his enemies on both sides  He crept under its belly and slew the beast  He was killed when the beast fell on him  When the Jews saw the vast forces of the king and their strength  they retired from battle  APC I","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:42-47","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3473,"EventTxt":"When the king returned to besiege Bethsura  he was sometimes driven off by Judas in skirmishes and sometimes Judas retreated with losses  However  Judas tried to relieve the besieged and sent them the things they needed  Rhodius  one in the Jewish army  told this to the enemy  Thereupon when the Jews made an inquiry about this  he was seized  put on the rack and kept in prison  Then the king talked a second time with the men of Bethsura and persuaded them to surrender to him  APC     After the peace was concluded between them  the Jews all marched out of the city and were forced to surrender for lack of provisions to sustain the siege  That year was the sabbatical year in which it was not lawful to sow their land  After the king had taken Bethsura  he placed a garrison in it to keep it  APC IMa        Since this was a sabbatical year  it verifies Ussher s calculations that a jubilee was every   not every   years  Otherwise this would not have been a sabbatical year  This also confirms the date for the first sabbatical year  See notes on  a AM   and  a AM    Editor","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:19-22","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3474,"EventTxt":"From there the king s army went up to Jerusalem and camped against Mount Sion and the sanctuary for many days  They used their artillery with engines and instruments to cast fire and stones and pieces to hurl darts and slings  Thereupon the besieged also made engines to thwart the enemies  weapons  They held them off for a long time but supplies began to grow scarce with both of them because this was the seventh year  Those in Judea who were delivered from the Gentiles had eaten up the supply of their store  Very little was left in the sanctuary because the famine was so severe among them  They were forced to disperse into various places   APC I   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:51-54","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3475,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Philip  whom Antiochus Epiphanes had by his last will and testament named guardian of his son Eupator and under him was appointed ruler over the whole kingdom had already returned from Egypt  He came from Media and Persia with the forces which Epiphanes had left there APC IMa     and planned to recover by force his rights which Lysias had usurped  APC IMa        Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3476,"EventTxt":"When Lysias hear of this  he persuaded the king and the commanders of the army to make peace with the whole country of the Jews and to permit them to enjoy their own laws as in former times  He said that their army grew weaker every day  the provisions for the camp failed  the place which they besieged was well fortified and the affairs of their own kingdom were more urgent and important  APC I","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 6:57-59","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3477,"EventTxt":"The king and his nobles agreed with Lysias and sent to the besieged about terms of peace  The conditions were accepted and the covenants confirmed with an oath  Thereupon the besieged marched out of the garrison and the king entered Mount Sion offered sacrifice  honoured the temple and dealt kindly with the place  A little later when he had considered the strength of the place  he broke his oath and ordered the walls to be pulled down  APC IMa       Ma","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3478,"EventTxt":"The king appointed Maccabeus  or as the Greek context bears it  and my Syriac version has it  Higemonides rather  governor from Ptolomais to the Gerrhenians APC  Ma     or as far as Egypt  Its boundary is the mountain Gerur according to Ptolemy s account","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3479,"EventTxt":"While the king was coming to Ptolemais  the Ptolemaians  who always hated the Jews   APC IMa     were quite upset by the peace made with Judas  In a rage they wanted to void the covenant  However  Lysias went up to the judgment seat and defended the matter  He appeased the tumult and pacified the citizens  APC  Ma       Josephus  in the close of the  th book of his Antiquities  says that the rule of the Hasmoneans lasted   years to the taking of Jerusalem by Herod and the slaying of Antigonus  In Josephus  Antiqu        c     has this time as   years  However this happened on the  th year from this time  so that the start of this rule was from the time of the peace agreed on between Antiochus and Maccabeus","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3841,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3841d AM,4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3480,"EventTxt":"From autumn began the year of accounts of the contracts    which the writer of the second book of the Maccabees uses","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3481,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Eupator with Lysias his guardian  hurried to Antioch  APC IMa      Ma     and brought along with him as prisoner  Menelaus the high priest   Josephus        c      Lysias had accused him as the sole cause of the whole Jewish war and the first instigator of all their evils  Thereupon  by orders from the king  he was sent to Berhea in Syria  where he was let down into a tower filled with ashes and so died a death worthy of his life  APC","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:4-8","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3482,"EventTxt":"This wretched Menelaus was killed in the  th year after he first usurped the priesthood at Berhea  This is correctly written in Josephus  p     and not as in p    where it erroneously says at Beryticen  The king substituted another in his place one who was just as wicked called  Alcimus or Jacimus  He was descended from Aaron but not of the high priest s blood  Lysias persuaded the king to transfer that honour to another family   Joseph  Antiq        c             c","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3483,"EventTxt":"When Onias  son of Onias the third  high priest  saw the high priesthood was given to Alcimus  he went into Egypt  After he had ingratiated himself to Ptolemy Philometor and his wife  Cleopatra  he obtained permission to build a temple of God in the city of Heliopolis similar to the one at Jerusalem  They would also appoint him the high priest there  Thus Josephus writes in his Jewish Antiquities which contradicts what he formerly wrote in his work of the Jewish wars      I e             c    or     There he says that Onias  flight and his building of the temple in Egypt happened while Antiochus Epiphanes was still living","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3484,"EventTxt":"About this time  Ptolemy Philometor and his younger brother Ptolemy Euergetes the  nd had a falling out  The senate of Rome wrote letters to their ambassadors  Cn  Octavius  Sp  Lucretius and L  Aurelius to do what they could to make peace   Polib  Legat      For after they had jointly ruled six years together peacefully  the younger brother put out Philometor and ruled alone   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3485,"EventTxt":"When the older Ptolemy of his kingdom  went to Rome for help  He had very few in his retinue and travelled in poor clothes   Valer  Maxim        c      As he was on his way to the city on foot  he was noticed by Demetrius  Seleucus  son  He was much troubled at this sight  shortly provided a royal robe  a diadem  and a horse  adorned with golden fittings  He went with his own servants and met Ptolemy   miles from the city  After a civil greeting  he advised him to put on these ornaments and to enter Rome more like a king lest he appear contemptible  Ptolemy thanked him very much for his goodwill toward him  He did not take these things for himself  Ptolemy desired rather to have permission to rest a while with Archias in one of those towns along the way   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3486,"EventTxt":"Finally he came to Rome and lodged at an Alexandrian painter s house  As soon as the senate heard of it  they sent for him and made a most exact apology for they had not according to the usual custom  sent the quaestor to wait upon him nor had they entertained him on the public account  They promised that those omissions were not to be imputed to any disrespect of theirs towards him but merely to his own coming so suddenly to them and so privately  Thereupon  they conducted him from the court to the house of public entertainment and persuaded him to put off those sordid clothes  They settled on a day for a meeting  They also took care that presents were sent to him daily by the treasurers  By their kind treatment of him  they restored Ptolemy from that low condition he was in to his former kingly eminence  This caused him to hope more for Rome s assistance than to fear his low estate   Val  Max        c","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3487,"EventTxt":"As soon as Cn  Octavius and Spurius Lucretius  the Roman delegates came to Ariarathes  king of the Cappadocians  they enquired into the fights between him and the Galatians  He  in a few words told them the whole matter  He added that he was willing to agree to use them as arbitrators  Most of his speech concerned Syria for he knew that Octavius was going there  He showed them also in what a weak condition that state was in and how great was the similarity between himself and Syria  He preferred also to attend them with his forces and to be ready on all occasions to help them until they were returned safely from Syria  The king s good will and desire to accommodate them was much resented by the delegates  They told him that at present they had no need of his company  However  in case of some future emergency  if the need arose  they would not hesitate to send to him  They said that they would after this always include him as a most sincere friend to the Romans   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3488,"EventTxt":"King Eupator with the help of his guardian Lysias  had quickly pacified the disturbances in Syria  When he returned to Antioch  he found Philip in command there  He fought him and took the city  APC IMa     After he had captured Philip  he had him killed   Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-163,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4551,"Dating":"3842a AM, 4551 JP, 163 BC"}
{"Index":3489,"EventTxt":"Octavius Lucretius and Aurelius the three Roman delegates followed their instructions from the senate when they came into Syria took care that the elephants should be slain and the navy burned  They managed all other things in the Roman interest  This grieved Lep tines and therefore he stabbed Cn  Octavius  the head delegate at Laodicea  as he was anointing himself in the place of exercise  He testified that the deed was lawfully done and by the instigation of the gods  This Octavius was the first from that family with the consulship  from whom Caesar Augustus later descended  Lysias  Eupator s guardian  who was reputed the chief instigator of the people against the Romans  took care for the entertainment of Octavius  He immediately sent delegates in the king s name to Rome  who might excuse the act and testify to the king s innocence as not being an accessory to this in any way   Polyb  Legat            Cicero  Philippic     Appian  Syriac  p     Zonar  ex Dione   Julius Obsequiens  in his book De Prodigus  confirms that the killing of Octavius happened when Marcius and Scipio were consuls","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842b AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3490,"EventTxt":"At that time in Syria  lived Isocratis a grammarian who belonged to a company of those that made public recitations  He was a prating braggard and hated by the Greeks  Alcaeus in his public speeches used to make fun of him  As soon as Isocratis came to Syria  he began to reproach the Syrians as being stupid  He did not stay within the bounds of his profession and began to talk of state matters and pass his judgment on them  He defended the justice of the murder of Octavius and wanted the other Roman delegates killed too  so none would be left to take the news back to Rome  By this  the Romans might be made more humble and cease interfering in the sovereignty of others   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842b AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3491,"EventTxt":"The Romans through their ambassadors  Canuleius and Quintus  restored Ptolemy Philometor to his kingdom and reconciled him to his younger brother Euergetes  They decreed that the kingdom should be divided between them  Philometor was to take Egypt and Cyprus for his share  Euergetes was to get Cyrene  This agreement was confirmed by all religious ceremonies and by the mutual pledging of their faith to each other  However  Euergetes hurried away to Rome to try to have the covenant voided  Thereupon Philometor also sent Menethillus of Alabanda  as his delegate there  as his advocate and representative in his quarrel with Euergetes   Polyb  Legat          Livy       Zonar  Ex Dione","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842b AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3492,"EventTxt":"Ariarathes  the king of Cappadocia  died and his son Ariarathes surnamed Philopator succeeded him by right of inheritance  As soon as he had performed his father s funeral with the highest magnificence that could be  he sent his delegates to Rome to renew the league and alliance with the people of Rome  He was first called Mithradates  but after he came of age  he was called by his father s name  Ariarathes  When he was crowned  he treated his friends  nobles and subjects  with what respect was fitting  so that he soon won the affections of all  He was experienced in Greek and studied philosophy  Cappadocia  never before known to the Greeks  soon became a home for learned men   Livy       Diod  Sic  in Bibliotheca  Phocy  cod       Excerp  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842b AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3493,"EventTxt":"From spring began the  st year of the kingdom of the Greeks  which is used in the first book of the Maccabees","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3494,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors of Ariarathes  the new king of Cappadocia arrived at Rome  they asked the senate that they would embrace their king with all love and affection  He always wished well to all the Romans  The senate renewed the league and amity as they requested and highly commended the king s affections to them  They entertained the ambassadors very civilly  After this  Tiberius Gracchus  See note on   AM    returned from his embassy in Asia and related many notable expressions of the affections of this king and of his father and indeed of the whole kingdom toward the people of Rome   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3495,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians  through Cleagoras and Lygdamis  their ambassadors at Rome  requested that they might be permitted to hold Lycia and Caria on the same terms as before   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3496,"EventTxt":"At that time the Calyndians in Caria revolted from the Caunii  Thereupon the Caunii attempted to besiege them  The Calyndians first required help from the Cnidyans  By their help  they were able to hold the enemy off for a while  Since the outcome of the war was uncertain  they sent an embassy to the Rhodians and they surrendered themselves and their city into their hands  The Rhodians accepted this and accordingly sent supplies both by sea and land  They raised the siege and took the city into their own jurisdiction  The senate soon after this confirmed to them the right and possession of the place   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3497,"EventTxt":"Ariarathes  the king of Cappadocia knew from his delegates who had returned from Rome that he was in good favour with the Romans  He thought himself secure in his kingdom and offered to the gods sacrifices and feasted his nobles  Moreover  he sent ambassadors to Lysias at Antioch  to get the bones of his sister and his mother  Antiochis  the daughter of Antiochus the Great  He gave the ambassadors instructions before they left and prayed for their success  He told them it would be best not to mention the death of Octavius even though he was quite displeased by it  He thought this might provoke Lysias and he would not grant his request  Lysias allowed him to have those bones  As soon as they were brought to him  he carried them out very solemnly and placed them very carefully in his father s tomb   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3498,"EventTxt":"After the two Ptolemys  brothers  had divided the kingdom between them  the younger Ptolemy went to Rome to invalidate the partition agreed upon with his brother  He said that he did not voluntarily do as he was commanded but had yielded from necessity  being forced to it by the difficulty of the times  Therefore he requested the senate that they would give Cyprus to him otherwise his portion would be much less than his brothers  On the other side  Menithyllus  Philometor s agent  stated and was confirmed by the Roman ambassadors  testimony  how the younger Ptolemy retained Cyrene but also his very life  by means of his brother  Since he was generally hated  that he might take it for a high favour that the kingdom of Greece had sided with him which was more than he could hope for or any man dream of  After Ptolemy s reply it was urged that the senate consider that the sharing of the kingdom was not quite completed  partly from their own desire to have that kingdom divided  They  as occasion should arise  would have less pains to subdue it when divided than when united  They granted the younger brother s demands and immediately sent their delegates  Titus Torquatus and Cn  Merula  with instructions to reconcile the two brothers and to give Cyprus to the younger brother   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3499,"EventTxt":"News came to Rome of the killing of Cn  Octavius  When the delegates of Antiochus Eupator whom Lysias had sent  arrived at Rome  they showed that their king was in no way involved in the murder  The senate sent the delegates back again and determined nothing about the matter because they would by no means reveal their minds about it   Polyb  Legat        However  they ordered a statue to be erected in the place of common pleas  to the memory of Octavius   Cicero Philipic","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3500,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was much disturbed by the news of that accident  He sent for Polybius  the historian and asked him whether or not  it was wise to ask the senate again about his affairs  Polybius warned him to take heed of dashing himself twice against the same stone  He told him  that he had better attempt some noble exploit worthy of a kingdom and hinted by this that he would have him stolen away from Rome as soon as he could  But Demetrius followed the counsel of Apollonius  his close friend who was a good man but very young  Demetrius came into the senate and requested that he might at least have his liberty and might be no longer detained as hostage at Rome  since they had confirmed the kingdom to Antiochus Eupator  The senate for all this stood by their decree  Thereupon  Demetrius consulted first with Diodorus who was a crafty fellow who recently came from Syria and had previously educated him  Then he talked with Polybius about how he might make his escape  Menethyllus  Ptolemy Philometor s agent  who by Polybius  means  with whom Polybius was intimately acquainted   had been admitted into the discussion under the pretence of providing for his return home  He publicly hired a sacred ship of the Carthaginians which was about to sail to Tyre to bring the first fruits of the Carthaginians  to their ancestor gods according to the custom  When all things were ready  Demetrius sent his tutor  Diodorus  into Syria beforehand to hear what was said and to feel the pulse of the people  He took only a few with him to be companions with him on his journey  He dined at a friend s house with them and the rest he sent away to Anagnia  where he said he would come hunting the next day   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3501,"EventTxt":"At this time Polybius was sick in bed  He feared lest Demetrius spend too much time drinking and miss the chance to escape  Since the night was passing  he sent him a sheet sealed up with these lines written on it  He that delays  incurs the fates Of night  boldness success creates  Adventure  come what can  let all  Rather than thou  thyself shouldst fall","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3502,"EventTxt":"Polybius added that saying of Epicharmus   commended by Polybius        p       Cicero  ad Attic        Epist      Be sober  and remember to trust nobody  these are the very sinews of prudence  As soon as he read the note  he understood immediately what those instructions meant and from whom they came  Thereupon he pretended to need to vomit and he and his friends left the company  He told his plan to Nicanor and the rest of his friends  He came by night to Ostia  at the mouth of the Tiber River  Menithyllus went before to the sailors and told them that he received new instructions from the king so that he must of necessity stay a while longer in the city  However he would send him some trusted young men who would give him a full account of all the affairs of his brother  About the end of the third watch of the night  Demetrius came with   friends    servants and   lackeys  Menithyllus commended these to the captain of the ship  who knew nothing of the plot  They set sail about day break   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3503,"EventTxt":"No one at Rome missed him until   days later  They looked for him but he was not found  On the  th day  the senate met on the business but Demetrius was now   days from the city by sea and had gone as far as the strait of Sicily  The senate thought it would be of no use to follow after him since he had such an head start on them  A few days later  they sent Tib  Gracchus  Lucilius Lentulus and Servilius Glaucias as ambassadors whose business was to see how things went in Greece  After that they were to find out what Demetrius was up to  see how the kings felt toward Rome and to settle their differences with the Galatians   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3504,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Demetrius had got into Lycia from where he wrote the senate that he marched not against Antiochus  his uncle s son  but against Lysias with a resolution to avenge Octavius  death  He won over Tripoli of Syria to his side  by saying he was sent by the senate to take possession of the kingdom  for no one dreamed of his escape  He captured Apamea and he mustered all his forces together and marched toward Antioch  He killed the young king Antiochus Eupator and Lysias when they came out to give him a friendly greeting  They did not want to take up arms for fear of displeasing the Romans   Zonar  ex Dione   He won the approval of all in Syria and he took over the kingdom   Justin        c     Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3505,"EventTxt":"We read in the APC I  how that in the  st year of the kingdom of the Greeks  Demetrius  son of Seleucus  escaped from Rome and came with a few men to a city on the sea coast  that is Tripoli of Phoenicia and began to reign there  He entered into the palace of his ancestors at Antioch near Daphne  the metropolis of Syria  His soldiers seized Antiochus and Lysias and killed them by his orders  In the APC  Ma       we read that  after   years or in the  rd year from the beginning of Antiochus Eupator or the purging of the temple by Judas Maccabeus as mentioned in APC      Judas was told of the arrival of Demetrius at Tripoli  With a great force and navy  he had taken the country and killed Antiochus and his tutor Lysias  However  Josephus states that Antiochus Eupator reigned only   years  Antiqu        c      and so does Eusebius in his Chronicles  On the other hand  Porphyrius  in Grec  Euseb  Scaliger  p      and Sulpicius Severus   Histor  Sacr         say he reigned only   months","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 7:1-4\", \"Ma 10:1-10\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3506,"EventTxt":"Demetrius removed Heraclides from the charge of the treasury in Babylon  Antiochus Epiphanes had appointed him to that position  Demetrius also killed Heraclides  brother  Timarchus who had been appointed governor of Babylon by Antiochus Epiphanes  Timarchus had rebelled against Demetrius and ran the place poorly  The Babylonians first surnamed Demetrius  Soter   Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842c AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3507,"EventTxt":"Alcimus had obtained from Antiochus Eupator the high priesthood but was not accepted by the people  In the times of confusion under Antiochus Epiphanes  he wilfully defiled himself  APC  Ma     He tried to get the priesthood confirmed to him by Demetrius Soter and addressed the king  He was accompanied by other wicked and apostate Israelites who maligned their country men and especially the Hasmoneaus  They said he was guilty of killing the king s friends and banishing them out of the country  Demetrius resented their complaints  Thereupon he sent a large force into Judea under Bacchides  the governor of Mesopotamia and his intimate and trusty friend along with Alcimus on whom he had given the priesthood  When they had entered the land  they thought to have won over Judas Maccabeus and his brethren by their talk about peace  The Jews did not believe them when they saw their large forces  APC I","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 7:5-1","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3508,"EventTxt":"A company of scribes headed by Hasideans came to Alcimus and Bacchides and desired peace from them  They said  vv One that is priest of the seed of Aaron has the charge of this army who will not do us any wrong","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3509,"EventTxt":"After they had committed themselves to his safety  that wicked priest broke the agreement and his oath and executed   of them in one day  The historian applies the saying of the psalmist to this event  Ps       vv The flesh of thy saints  have they  cast out   given to the beasts of the earth  and their blood have they shed around about Jerusalem  and there was none to bury them","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3510,"EventTxt":"Many were terrified by this act of wickedness and fled from the city  APC I","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 7:12-19","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3511,"EventTxt":"Bacchides left Jerusalem and camped in Bezeth or Bethzetha  From there he sent and took many of those which had forsaken him  He killed some of the Jews and cast them into a deep pit  After that  he committed the country to Alcimus  care and left him a sufficient force to help him  Bacchides returned to the king  All the rebellious of the people came to Alcimus who had done everything to ensure the priesthood for himself  When they had subdued Judea  they made great havock in Israel  Thereupon  Judas Maccabeus went out into all the land of Judea and took vengeance on all who had revolted from him  He was so successful that the enemy was confined to their garrisons and did not make any more incursions into the country  APC I","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 7:19-24","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3512,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy the younger  left Italy and came into Greece  There  he hired an army of very strong men  He also hired Damasippus  a Macedonian  who after he had killed the governors that sat in council at Phaco  a town of Macedonia  escaped from there as fast as he could with his wife and children  Ptolemy left and came to Persea  a land opposite Rhodes  After he had been courteously treated by the people  he planned to set sail for Cyprus  However  Torquatus and the rest of the Roman delegates saw the great number of mercenary soldiers he had  They remembered their instructions from the senate in which they were expressly charged to control him without fighting  At last they prevailed with him  to disband his mercenaries as soon as he come to Sida and to not make his intended voyage to Cyprus  He should do his best that they might meet with him concerning Cyprus  In the meantime  they were going to Alexandria to persuade the king to agree to his requests  They would meet him at the appointed place and bring the king himself along with them  These propositions had such influence on Ptolemy the younger  that he gave up the idea of conquering Cyrene  Cyprus     and dismissed his mercenary soldiers  He went directly to Crete and took along with him Damasippus and Cn  Merula  one of the ambassadors  As soon as he had hired   soldiers  he departed to Libyna and kept them at the Port of Apis   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3513,"EventTxt":"In the interim  Torquatus and Titus came to Alexandria and did what they could to persuade the older Ptolemy to come to an agreement with his brother and to give Cyprus to him  Ptolemy s gave in on some things and listened to others merely to buy time  His younger brother who was camped as was agreed  before Apis in Libyna was very displeased that as yet nothing was concluded concerning the surrender of Cyprus  He sent Cn  Merula to Alexandria and hoped through him and Torquatus to accomplish his plans   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3842,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3842d AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3514,"EventTxt":"Hipparchus Bithynus attempted to transmit to posterity the exact number of the stars and to order constellations using particular instruments he invented  He showed their positions and their magnitudes  Pliny says his works were underestimated   Pliny       c      He wrote in his book and said that in the  th year of the third Calippic period  the  th day of the Egyptian month Mesor   September  th  about sunset  he observed the autumnal equinox   Ptol           c","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3515,"EventTxt":"This autumn began the year   of the account of the contracts as used in the  nd book of the Maccabees  In this year  for so the Greek copies compute  and my Syriac Interpreter  where the Latin edition reads     Alcimus came to king Demetrius and gave him a golden crown  a palm and boughs also which were used in the temple  APC  Ma       He saw how Judas Maccabeus and the Assideans who were with him had greatly increased in power  They would not allow him to come near the holy altar  Using this opportunity  he eagerly accused them to the king  as the instigators of all the rebellions and disturbers of the common peace in Judea  He complained most bitterly about this  He said he was divested of the high priesthood which was the glory of his ancestors  As long as Judas was living  he was confident Demetrius should never enjoy the kingdom quietly  This was confirmed by his friends and other implacable enemies of Judas  Demetrius was so angry that he sent Nicanor  his general into Judea with orders to destroy Judas and disperse his associates  the Assideans  He was to place Alcimus in the high priesthood  The Gentiles who fled from Judea for fear of Judas  flocked to Nicanor  They were happy about the calamities which were likely to befall the Jews  APC     IMa","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:3-14","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3516,"EventTxt":"When the Jews knew of Nicanor s coming and of the alliance of the Gentiles with him  they cast dust on their heads and prayed to God  There was a short skirmish between Simon  Judas  brother  and Nicanor near the village Dessaro  Nicanor had heard of the prowess and valour of Judas and his company in defending their country and was afraid of fighting with him  Therefore he sent Poseidonius  Thoedotus and Matthias to make peace between them  When they had discussed the matter among themselves  Judas told it to the people  They unanimously approved the articles  A day was appointed in which Judas and Nicanor were to meet  Judas did not trust the enemy  and placed some armed men in several convenient places for security in case of any violence  However the conference was very peaceful and closed in a league without the king s knowledge  After this  Nicanor stayed a while in Jerusalem and dismissed the companies which he had before collected  He lived so friendly and familiarly with Judas that Judas persuaded him to marry a wife  APC","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:15-25","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3517,"EventTxt":"As soon as Alcimus saw what happened  he spoke a  rd time to Demetrius and complained about Nicanor  He accused Nicanor of plotting against the king  Demetrius was so upset by all this that he immediately wrote to Nicanor to let him know that he was very upset with his actions with Judas Maccabeus  He ordered Nicanor to send Judas bound to Antioch  He was very loath to do this since it would break their articles of peace and since Judas had done nothing wrong  However he knew enough not to cross the king and he watched for a convenient time to execute the king s command by craft  APC","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:26-29","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3518,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Philometor with his entertainment detained the Roman delegates at Alexandria for   days  This was against their will since no business was transacted  The Cyrenians and some other cities revolted from Euergetes the younger brother  The Egyptian Ptolemy  whom Euergetes had appointed over the whole realm when he sailed away unto Rome knew of this matter  News of this came to Euergetes  He was also told that the Cyrenians already had an army ready for war  He feared that while he tried to add Cyprus to his kingdom  he would lose Cyrene  He set aside all other matters and left Apis where his navy was anchored in the harbour  He sailed to the great Catabathmus  as they call it and planned from there to go to Cyrene  He found the strait in Catabathmus held by the Libynians and the Cyrenians  He shipped half his men with orders to sail around those straits and to attack the enemy by surprise  He led the vanguard with the rest of the army and tried to capture the hill  As soon as the Libynians knew they were surrounded  they abandoned their stations  Hence the king took the top of the hill and captured the stronghold and its   towers which contained plenty of water   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3519,"EventTxt":"From there he marched through the wilderness in   days and the soldiers under Mochyrinus followed him by sea  When the Cyrenians knew of his coming  they drew out their army of   foot soldiers and   cavalry against him  They guessed what Philometor s mind was by what he had done at Alexandria  They saw nothing of a king in Euergetes but that all his administrations were tyrannical  They could not be persuaded to freely submit to him  Thereupon they fought and defeated him   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-162,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4552,"Dating":"3843a AM, 4552 JP, 162 BC"}
{"Index":3520,"EventTxt":"Judas Maccabeus saw how Nicanor had grown more reserved then before and his dealings more harsh than they usually were  He thought he was up to no good and therefore gathered many of his associates and withdrew himself from his sight  APC  Ma","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3521,"EventTxt":"Nicanor came to Jerusalem with great forces and by his fair speeches drew Judas to a meeting  However  while they were greeting one another  the enemy planned to seize Judas and carry him away  When Judas knew this  he was very afraid of him and did not want to see him any more  When Nicanor saw that his plan was discovered  he marched against Judas to fight him beside Capharsalama  Nicanor s side lost   men and the rest fled to the city of David   APC I","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 7:27-32","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3522,"EventTxt":"After this Nicanor went to Mount Sion where he was met by some of the priests and elders of the people  They came from the sanctuary to greet him peaceably and to show him the burnt sacrifice that was offered for the king  He slighted and scoffed at them and commanded them to turn over Judas  They swore with an oath that they did not know where he was  Nicanor stretched out his right hand toward the temple and swore that unless Judas and his forces were delivered into his hands  when he returned in peace  he would burn the house of God  destroy the altar and erect in the same place another glorious temple to Bacchus  Thereupon the priests entered and stood before the altar and the temple  With great lamentations they beseeched God to frustrate Nicanor s threats and avenge his blasphemies  APC I","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 7:33-38\", \"Ma 14:31-36\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3523,"EventTxt":"Razis  one of the elders of Jerusalem  who for his love and affection to the citizens  was called  The Father of the Jews  came to Nicanor  Therefore Nicanor thought that if he were killed  he could do what he pleased with the Jews  He sent about   soldiers to take him  When they had forced the outter gates of the tower where he was and were ordered to burn the other doors  he stabbed himself with his own sword  When he knew by his haste  his wound was not mortal  he threw himself headlong from the wall  Afterward  running to a steep rock  when he was almost dead  he ripped out his bowels and with both his hands threw them among the throng and so he died  APC     Concerning this event  see Augustine    st Epistle to Dulichius  and       against Gaudentio  c","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:37-46","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3524,"EventTxt":"When Nicanor saw that Judas was not in Jerusalem but in parts of Samaria  he marched from Jerusalem and camped in Bethhoron  More troops came to him from Syria  Judas camped in Hadasa about   miles from the enemy with   men  Nicanor tried to start the battle on the sabbath day  He was presently admonished by some Jews who were compelled to march with him to reverence that day and the God who instituted it  He railed on them with a most horrid blasphemy but was unable to carry out his plan of fighting on the sabbath  Maccabeus encouraged his troops from the law and the prophets  Moreover he had them remember their former encounters and declared to them a dream of his  He saw Onias  who was the  rd high priest by that name  praying for the people and the prophet Jeremiah reaching to him with a golden sword  Hence he encouraged the troops  Thereupon  being well armed with prayers and the sure confidence in God  on the  th day of the  th month Adar  they attacked the enemy  Nicanor was the first to die in the battle  Thereupon  the rest threw away their arms and fled  The Jews chased them for a whole day from Hadasa to Gazera and sounded an alarm after them with their trumpets  By this all the Jews from the various surrounding towns  hurried to the slaughter of their fleeing enemies  At least     were killed and not one of the enemy army survived  Then they fell on the spoil and took the prey  They cut off Nicanor s head and arms with the shoulder and brought them to Jerusalem  They hung his head on an high tower with his right hand with which he had so proudly stretched forth against the house of God  Judas ordered that the tongue of this wicked fellow to be cut out  chopped in pieces and fed to the birds  In commemoration of this victory  it was enacted by a general decree  that a great holiday should be kept annually on the  th day of the  th month  called in the Syriac  Adar  the day before the feast of Mordecai   APC I       Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ma 7:39-49\", \"Ma 15:1-37\")","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3525,"EventTxt":"This ends the history contained in the second book of the Maccabees  This is a summary of the five books of Jason  a Jew of Cyrene  After Nicanor s death  Judea had rest from wars for a while  APC IMa     During that time  Judas Maccabeus heard of the great power of the Romans and their humanity toward any that were in distress  He also knew how great Demetrius feared them  Therefore  he sent Eupolemus the son of John and Jason son of Eleazar  as agents to the senate at Rome  in the name of him  his brother  and the commonwealth of the Jews  They were to negotiate an association and alliance with the people of Rome and hoped by this to free them from the heavy yoke of King Demetrius and the empire of the Greeks  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3526,"EventTxt":"Cneus Merula finally returned from Alexandria to Euergetes and told him that his brother Philometor would not agree to any of his demands  He urged him that they must abide by the covenants which were first ratified  When Euergetes heard this  he ordered Copmanua and his brother Ptolemy to go as his delegates to Rome along with Merula  They were to entreat with the senate concerning the wrongs done to him by his brother and to tell them of his contempt of the Romans  On their way  they met Titus Torquatus who was Cn  Merula s colleague in the embassy  He had left Alexandria also without completing the business he went there for  At the same time  Menithylius of Alabanda was sent as a delegate to the senate from Philometor   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3527,"EventTxt":"After Demetrius heard that Nicanor and his whole army were destroyed in the battle  he sent Bacchides and Alcimus for the second time into Judea  He gave them the right wing or the better part of his army  They marched on the way to Gilgal  They camped at Maesaloth or Massadoth which is in Arbela  When they captured it  they killed many people  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843b AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3528,"EventTxt":"On the first month of the  nd year of the kingdom of the Greeks  they moved toward Jerusalem to find Judas Maccabeus and from there they marched to Berea  or Beerzath  as it is in the Arundel copy  with     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Judas camped in Eleasa with  hoice men with him  When they saw the large number of the enemy  they were very afraid  Thereupon many left him  so that he had only   left in the camp  With these few he attacked Bacchides  vast army and fought from morning till night  At last he routed his right wing in which Bacchides was and pursued them to Mount Azotus  However  those in the left wing chased Judas and those which were with him  Judas died fighting valiantly and the rest fled immediately away  Then Jonathan and Simon took up the body of their brother Judas and buried it in the sepulchre of their fathers at Modin  Israel mourned for him many days  APC IMa        Judas was slain in the  th year after the death of his father Mattathias","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3529,"EventTxt":"After the death of Judas  wicked men appeared all over Israel  who before had stayed out of sight for fear of Judas  There was a great famine in those days and this caused the whole country to join with them and submit to Bacchides so that they might have more provisions  Bacchides promoted those wicked men to be rulers of the country  When they found any of Judas  friends  they brought them to Bacchides to be tormented and reviled  There was a great affliction in Israel  there was nothing like this since the time of the last prophets of the Old Testament  APC I","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:23-27","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3530,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the delegates who were sent to Rome from Judas Maccabeus concluded a peace and association with the people of Rome  The articles were written in tables of brass and said that the Jews should assist the Romans and the Romans the Jews against the common enemy  The senate also wrote letters to King Demetrius that he should stop oppressing the Jews  otherwise they would wage war with him both by sea and land to support this people who were now their friends and confederates  APC I   vv When they had revolted from Demetrius   having procured an alliance with the Romans  they of all the eastern people first obtained their liberty  The Romans at that time were very free in giving away that which was not their own","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 8:19-32","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3531,"EventTxt":"Josephus   Antiq        c      notes that this was the first league that was ever known to be between the Romans and the Jews  It is written in other words with this forged subscription  appended  This decree of the senate was written by Eupolemus  son of John  and Jason  son of Eleazar   the Jew s agents  vv When Judas was high priest and his brother Simon  the general","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3532,"EventTxt":"Jonathan was the most likely one to be the general while Judas was living  It was not until Jonathan died that Simon became the general  A little before Josephus incorrectly wrote that when Alcimus died  the people voted Judas to be the next high priest  APC I   For this passage shows that Alcimus died after Judas and Josephus admits his error later and says that Jacimus or Alcimus had no successor at all and Jerusalem had no high priest for   whole years   Antiq        c     p","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:54-56","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3533,"EventTxt":"There was a long debate in the senate between the delegates of both the Ptolemys  Titus and Cnaeus who were sent as ambassadors by the Romans testified for Euergetes and promoted his cause  The senate ordered that within   days Menithyllus  Philometor s delegate  should depart from Rome  The league which was between them and Philometor was void  The senate sent Publius Apustius and Caius Lentulus as ambassadors to Euergetes  They immediately went to Cyrene and with great care informed him what was done  This inflated his hopes so that soon he levied an army and plotted how to take over Cyprus   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3534,"EventTxt":"All Judas Maccabeus  friends met and chose Jonathan as general in his place  He was the brother of Judas and was surnamed Apphus  As soon as Bacchides heard this  he planned to kill him  Jonathan  his brother Simon and those that were with him found out about this  To thwart him  they fled into the desert of Tekoa and camped by the pool of Asphar  Jonathan sent his brother John  surnamed Gaddis with a band of soldiers  to ask the Nabathites  Arabians  that they might leave their wagons with them for they had many wagons  However  the children of Jambri from Medaba met with them on the way  They attacked and killed John and his company  They seized the spoil and went their way  Their victory was short lived  Jonathan and his brother Simon heard that those sons of Jambri were having a large wedding and were bringing the bride from Nadabath with great pomp and a long train of nobles  She was a daughter to a prince in Canaan  They arose from an ambush and attacked them  They killed   and the rest fled to the mountains  They seized all their spoil  After they had fully avenged the blood of their brother  they marched back to the marshes of Jordan   APC I    Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:28-42","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3535,"EventTxt":"Bacchides followed Jonathan closely and came on the sabbath day to the banks of the Jordan River with a large army  Both the armies fought  In the fight Jonathan tried to kill Bacchides but he deflected the blow  However    of Bacchides  men were killed but Josephus says    Jonathan knew he could not cope with such a large force  He and his men leaped into Jordan and crossed over to the other side  The enemy did not attempt to follow him  Bacchides returned to Jerusalem and built fortified cities in Judea and a fort in Jericho  Emmaus  Bethhoron  Bethel  Thamnatha  Pharathoni and Tephon  He strengthened them with high walls  gates and bars and put garrisons in all of them  He used these places as bases to attack and annoy the Jews  He fortified Bethsura  Gazara and the tower at Jerusalem  He supplied them with men and provisions  He seized the chief men s sons in the country for hostages and he put them in prison in the tower at Jerusalem  APC I   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:43-53","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3536,"EventTxt":"Mithrobuzanes  one of the sons of Zadriades  king of the lesser Armenia had escaped to Ariarathes king of Cappadocia  Artaxias  the king of the greater Armenia whom Antiochus Epiphanes had conquered wanted his old kingdom  He sent an embassy to Ariarathes and asked him to side with him  They would murder one of the two brothers  whom he had under his power at that time and he would divide Sophene between them  Ariarathes detested this treachery and sharply rebuked the delegates  He sent letters to Artaxias and admonished him not to do such a wicked act  Moreover  he restored Mithrobuzanes to his father s kingdom   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  H  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3843,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3843c AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3537,"EventTxt":"Ariarathes received Tiberius Gracchus  Lucius Lentulus and Servilius Glaucius  the Roman delegates in Cappadocia very royally   Polyb  Legat      Demetrius Soter sent Menocharis there so that he could seriously debate with the Roman delegates about the settling of his kingdom   Polyb  Legat      He also offered to King Ariarathes a marriage with his sister  who was related to Perseus  the king of the Macedonians  He declined  lest he offend the Romans   Diod  Sic  Legat     Justin       c","YearBCAD":-161,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3844,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4553,"Dating":"3844a AM, 4553 JP, 161 BC"}
{"Index":3538,"EventTxt":"Menocharis returned to Demetrius at Antioch and gave an account of his conferences with the Roman delegates  The king deemed it very necessary in his present condition  to gain the favour of the Roman delegates  He set aside all other matters and first sent to them into Pamphylia then again to Rhodes  He said he would do whatever he could for the Romans if they would confirm his title as king  Tiberius favoured him and helped him considerably to obtain the legal right to his kingdom   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-160,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3844,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4554,"Dating":"3844b AM, 4554 JP, 160 BC"}
{"Index":3539,"EventTxt":"Leptines  who had stabbed Cn  Octavius the Roman delegate at Laodicea went to King Demetrius and told him not to be troubled by the death of Cnaeus nor to act harshly toward the Laodiceans because of this  He planned to go to Rome and state before the senate that he had done the act and that the gods approved of it  He went cheerfully of his own accord and was brought from there to Rome without any guard  Isocrates the grammarian  who by his vicious tongue had got him into trouble  went stark mad when he knew the trouble he was in  When he saw the irons put about his neck and the shackles on his hands  he neglected his personal duties including his appearance and clothes   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-160,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3844,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4554,"Dating":"3844b AM, 4554 JP, 160 BC"}
{"Index":3540,"EventTxt":"In the  rd year of the kingdom of the Greeks  the second month  Alcimus commanded the wall of the inward court to be pulled down  This divided the court of the people from that of the Gentiles and was built by Zerubabel and the prophets  However  God shut the mouth of that profane high priest by striking him with a sudden palsy  He could not speak a word more nor give any orders concerning his own house  He died in great torment APC I   in the third year after he had usurped the high priesthood  Josephus        Antiq  c      said he was high priest for   years but in the second last chapter of the  th book in the same work he says it was only   years  There he adds that after his death Jerusalem went   whole years without any high priest    years five months elapsed between the second month of the  rd year in which Alcimus died and the seventh month of the  th year when Jonathan became the high priest   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-160,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:54-56","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3844,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4554,"Dating":"3844c AM, 4554 JP, 160 BC"}
{"Index":3541,"EventTxt":"When Alcimus died  Bacchides returned to King Demetrius and Judea had two years of peace  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-160,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3844,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4554,"Dating":"3844c AM, 4554 JP, 160 BC"}
{"Index":3542,"EventTxt":"About the  th olympiad  ambassadors came to Rome from Ariarathes king of Cappadocia with a crown of the value of   pieces of gold  They told the senate how their king had graciously received Tiberius Gracchus and that for their sakes they refused any alliance with Demetrius and the offer of marriage with his sister  They added that he was very ready to serve the Romans  in whatever they wanted him to do  When Tiberius Gracchus and the rest of the ambassadors confirmed this as true  the senate accepted the crown and took it for a great favour  They gave them a staff and an ivory seat which the Romans highly esteemed  These ambassadors were sent by him to the senate immediately before the beginning of winter   Polyb  Legat        Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-160,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3845,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4554,"Dating":"3845a AM, 4554 JP, 160 BC"}
{"Index":3543,"EventTxt":"When the new consuls  Cn  Cornelius Dolabella and Marcus Dolabella and Marcus Fulvius Nobilior assumed office  a joint embassy of Prusias  king of Bithynia and the Gallogrecians arrived and complained against Eumenes king of Pergamus to the senate  Attalus was also heard who was sent there by his brother Eumenes  to plead his cause  He was completely cleared of all the accusations and had much honour bestowed on him  He was received and dismissed with great courtesy  The hearts of the senators were aversed to king Eumenes whom they hated but they really liked Attalus  They hoped he would take over the kingdom from his brother and hence treated him royally   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3845,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3845b AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3544,"EventTxt":"Menocharis and other ambassadors came to Rome from Demetrius Soter the king of Syria  They brought a crown worth     pieces of gold for a present which the king sent as a token of his gratitude for his kind treatment when he was a hostage at Rome  They turned over Leptines who had killed Cn  Octavius  the ambassador  and Isocrates the grammarian who publicly defended the murder  Isocrates was a strange spectacle to all  His countenance was terrible and fierce as a man s must be who in a whole year s time had never washed his face  trimmed his nails or cut his hair  The motion of his eyes showed he was mad  Whoever met him by chance would have preferred the attack of a wild beast instead  On the other hand  Legtines was wholy unaffected and ready at any time to come into the senate  He freely confessed the murder to anyone who talked with him  He was confident the Romans would not harm him and he was right  The senators had debated about this for a long time  Finally  the senate heard the ambassadors and received the crown from them  They made no mention of those two men as if that was a fault chargeable to all the Syrians  It was the policy of the senate to keep this matter to themselves so that as often as they pleased they might avenge this crime  They replied to Demetrius that the senate was ready to be friendly to him provided that he became their tributary again as before   Polyb  Legat     Diod  Sic  Legat     Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3845,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3845c AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3545,"EventTxt":"Orophernes  or as some call him Holophernes  spoke to Demetrius Soter  the king of Syria and complained that Ariarathes his younger brother  had driven him out of the kingdom of Cappadocia  Although  he was not the lawful heir but either put in by Queen Antiochis or adopted by her as Zonaras relates from Dion  as we said before  See note on   AM    from Diodorus  Demetrius still bore a grudge against Ariarathes for slighting the offer of his sister to him in marriage  He was agreeable to the request and gave him   talents to help dethrone Ariarathes  This was over and above the help he had from Eumenes  the king of Pergamus   Polyb        p     Livy       Justin        c     Appian  Syriac  p     Zonar  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3845,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3845c AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3546,"EventTxt":"When Eumenes  the king of Pergamus  was on his deathbed  he bequeathed his wife Stratonica  the sister to Ariarathes who had recently lost his kingdom to his brother Attalus   Plutarch in Apothegm   He reigned for   years  If we subtract the years as computed by Strabo  of his brothers  and his sons  reign who succeeded him from the interval inserted in the Roman history between his becoming king and the time when Pergamos ceased to be a kingdom  More than   years elapsed  Therefore Eumenes died in the very beginning of the  th year  However  Strabo incorrectly states he reigned   years  He left Attalus Philometor  whom his wife Stratonica bare to him to inherit the kingdom after him  Since his son was so young  he appointed his brother Attalus Philadelphus  guardian of him and the kingdom  who managed its affairs for   years   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3845,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3845c AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3547,"EventTxt":"In the morning about sunrise  Hipparchus made a second observation of the autumnal equinox in the  th year of the Calippic Period  on the first day of the Egyptian Additionals   September     Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3846a AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3548,"EventTxt":"After Orophernes had expelled his brother Ariarathes  it behoved him to manage things with great prudence and ingratiate himself into the people s hearts by acts of clemency and grace  This he did not do but tried to get as much money together as he could  He most wickedly killed many  He gave Timothy whom afterwards he sent as an ambassador to Rome    talents  He gave Demetrius   and promised to pay the another   talents soon along with another    When he saw that he was hated by the Cappadocians  he started to plunder all the people and take the the wealth of the nobility into his treasury   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3846a AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3549,"EventTxt":"Orophernes who was educated in Ionia  See note on   AM    had little regard for the constitutions of his country and set up  vv The Ionic and an artificial kind of intemperance   Polyb        and Athenaum       c","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3846a AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3550,"EventTxt":"After amassing a vast sum of money  he deposited   talents with the Prienians  in case the times should turn against him  Later they were faithful and restored it to him again   Polyb    Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-159,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4555,"Dating":"3846a AM, 4555 JP, 159 BC"}
{"Index":3551,"EventTxt":"After Jonathan and his company had lived in peace for   years  some lying Jews suggested to Bacchides that there was a good chance of taking them all by surprise in one night  Thereupon Bacchides went toward them with a large force and sent letters secretly to all his friends in Judea  He asked for help in his plan of capturing Jonathan and his company  However  their plot was discovered by Jonathan and his men  They took the   men of the country  who were involved in this plot and executed them  APC I","YearBCAD":-158,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:57-61","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4556,"Dating":"3846c AM, 4556 JP, 158 BC"}
{"Index":3552,"EventTxt":"Then Jonathan  Simon and those that were with him moved to Bethbasi   or Bethlagan  as Josephus has it  which is in the wilderness  They repaired its walls which were in ruins and fortified it  As soon as Bacchides knew of this  he mustered up all his forces and summoned his adherents in Judea to come to him  Then he went and laid siege to Bethbasi and fought against it for many days with his engines  However  Jonathan  left his brother Simon in the city and crossed the country with a small troop  He killed Odoarrhes or Odomern and his brethren and the sons of Phasiron in their tents  When he began to kill all that he met and break into the enemy forces  Simon with his company sallied from the city and burned the engines  In this fight  Bacchides was defeated  He was enraged to see his plans thwarted and directed his anger against those wicked wretches that were the cause of this expedition  He killed many of them and planned to return into his own land  When Jonathan knew this  he sent commissioners to him to treat with him concerning a peace and to return the prisoners he had taken from Judea  Bacchides very readily embraced the motion  said he would do nothing against Jonathan all the days of his life  So he returned back to his own land and never entered Judea with an army again  Thus the wars were settled in Israel  Jonathan lived in Michmash in the tribe of Benjamin and began to judge his people and uproot the wicked from the land  APC I","YearBCAD":-158,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 9:62-73","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3846,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4556,"Dating":"3846c AM, 4556 JP, 158 BC"}
{"Index":3553,"EventTxt":"About noon  Hipparchus made a  rd observation of the autumnal equinox in the  th year of the Calippic Period  on the first day of the Egyptian Additionals   September     Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3554,"EventTxt":"When Ariarathes was deprived of the kingdom  he came as an humble suppliant to Rome and sought the help of Sextus Julius  the consul  His clothes showed the great distress he was in  Demetrius sent an embassy under Miltiades  He came to defend against Ariarathes  accusations against Demetrius and to bring charges against Ariarathes  Orophernes also sent his delegates  Timothy and Diogenes to present a crown at Rome and to renew their alliance and association  Their main purpose was to justify and defend their actions and to accuse Ariarathes  Diogenes and Miltiades had the upper hand in the private conferences  They were in their prime and Ariarathes was in an afflicted and miserable condition  When they discussed the matter publicly they dared disagree with him and say anything whether it was true or not  There was no one there to refute what they said   Polyb  Legat      Finally the senate decreed that since Ariarathes was a friend and an associate of the people of Rome  he and Orophernes should reign together as brothers and partners in the kingdom   Appian  Syriac  p     Zonar  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3555,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Euergetes  tried to capture Cyprus and was defeated in a battle there with his brother Philometor  Philometor besieged him in the city Lapithus until they were in dire straits  When he captured him  he spared him since he was of a mild disposition and because he was his brother  Also he feared the Romans  He forgave him and entered into a covenant with him and gave him back the rule of the Cyrenians  Instead of Cyprus  he gave him some cities with a annual allowance of grain  He also promised to give his daughter to him  Thus this war between the two brothers after much hard feelings was quickly settled in a peaceful manner   Polyb    Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p           Livy       Zonar  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3556,"EventTxt":"When Orophernes knew that the Romans had taken away what he enjoyed formerly  he resolved as soon as possible to pay his mercenary soldiers  He feared that from lack of pay  they might rebel  Since he was short of money  he pillaged Jupiter s temple which was located at the foot of Mount Ariadne  Up until that time it had never been touched  From the plunder he was able to pay his soldiers what he owed   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3557,"EventTxt":"Attalus  Eumenes  brother and successor in the kingdom of Pergamos  drove Orophernes and Demetrius Soter from Cappadocia and restored Ariarathes to the throne   Polyb  Legat     p     Zonar  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3558,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Soter offered Archias   talents on the condition he would betray Cyprus to him  He promised him other rewards and honours if he would help him  As Archias was going about this  he was apprehended by Ptolemy Philometor  When he was questioned about what he was doing  he hanged himself with the rope of the curtain which was drawn before the hall   Polyb  in Excerpt  Valesii  p      apud  Suidam  in voc","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3559,"EventTxt":"After Ariarathes was restored unto the kingdom of Cappadocia  he demanded the Prienians pay the   talents which Orophernes had deposited with them  They honestly replied that as long as Orophernes was alive  they would not give the money to anybody but him  who had entrusted them with it  Thereupon Ariarathes sent troops to pillage the country and Attalus helped him  Indeed Attalus instigated this since there was a private grudge between him and the Prienians  There was a large slaughter of men and beasts and some were killed at the very gates of the city  However  the Prienans could not defeat them  Therefore they sent their ambassadors to the Rhodians and finally asked the Romans for protection  However  Ariarathes lightly esteemed all this news  The Prienians had faithfully restored to Orophernes the money he deposited with them  For that act  Ariarathes imposed a huge fine on them and afflicted them with most grievous calamities without just cause   Polyb  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-157,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3847,"JulPer":4557,"Dating":"3847 AM, 4557 JP, 157 BC"}
{"Index":3560,"EventTxt":"When there were disputes between Attalus and Prusias Venator  the king of Bithynia  Attalus sent Andronicus  Prusias Niconmedes and Antiphilus as ambassadors to Rome  Thereupon  the senate sent Publius Lentulus to find out what was happening  When Andronicus began to charge Prusias with the first invasion  the Romans were not impressed with what he said  Prusias  ambassadors protested that there was no such matter  This made the senate give less credit to what was alleged against Prusias  After a more strict search into the business the senate did not know how well they could trust these agents  They sent two ambassadors of their own  L  Apulcius and C  Petronius to see how the affairs went between those two kings   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-156,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3848,"JulPer":4558,"Dating":"3848 AM, 4558 JP, 156 BC"}
{"Index":3561,"EventTxt":"When Prusias had defeated Attalus  he entered Pergamos  After he made expensive sacrifices  he went into Esculapius  temple  As soon as he had made an end of offering  he returned again to the camp  The next day since he was unable to capture Attalus  he brought his forces to Nicephorium  which was near the walls of Pergamos  He began to pillage all the temples and rifled and ransacked the images and statues of the gods  At last even the image of Esculapius  to whom the day before he had offered so many vows and sacrifices was not spared  It was an excellent piece made by Philomachus or Phyromachus  He had his soldiers carry it away  From there he marched with his army to Elaea  He tried to besiege the city  He saw that this was not going to be successful because Sosander  the foster brother to Attalus was in the city with a strong garrison and drove him off  He went away by ship to Thyatira  On the way he sacked the temple of Diana in Hiera Cume  The temple of Apollo Cynius at Temnus was sacked and burned to the ground  When he had done this  he returned home  He had lost most of his foot soldiers to famine and a disease of a bloody flux  He had no better luck with his fleet  A violent storm in Propontis wrecked most of his ships and most of the soldiers and mariners drowned  The rest were cast on shore   Polyb    Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p             cum Snidas  in Voce","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3562,"EventTxt":"After Attalus had been beaten by Prusias  he sent his brother Athenaeus along with Publius Lentulus to tell the senate what had happened to him   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3563,"EventTxt":"After these two had told the senate of Prusias  deeds  the senators immediately ordered that C  Clausius Cento  L  Hortensius and C  Aurunculeius should go as ambassadors with Lentulus  They were to order Prusias to stop his hostilities against Attalus   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3564,"EventTxt":"When P  Scipio and Marcus Marcellus were consuls  the Athenians sent three of the most famous philosophers of that age  as ambassadors to the senate and people of Rome  Carneades an academic from Cyrene  Diogenes the stoic from Babylon  and Critolaus the peripatic  were sent to obtain a release of the fine of   talents  This was the judgment of the Sicyonians and ordered by the senate for their devastation of Oropus  When they were brought into the senate  they used Caecilius  or C  Acilius a senator for their interpreter  Although a little before  each of them had shown their abilities and discoursed in a great assembly of people  At that time  Rutilius and Polybius stated that it was admirable to hear the eloquence of those three philosophers as they spoke  Carneades was hot and fiery  Critolaus was witty and smooth and Diogenes grave and sober in his style  Clitomachus in his history written in Greek  relates  how that Carneades to whom Clitomachus was the speaker and Diogenes the stoic stood before the senate in the capitol  A  Albinus  who was then the praetor said in jest to Carneades  VV I seem not  O Carneades  in your eyes as if I were a praetor  because I am not a philosopher  nor Rome a city  nor its people citizens","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3565,"EventTxt":"He replied  vv This stoic perhaps takes you for no such person","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3566,"EventTxt":"As soon as Carneades was finished speaking  Cato the Censor thought it best to send away those ambassadors immediately because  while he argued the truth could not easily be discerned  The fame of those philosophers spread all over the city and the Roman youth set aside all other pleasures and delights and followed as if they were mad after philosophy  Cato  feared lest the youth should make all their studies this way and esteem the glory of eloquence more than of action and martial discipline  He moved that all philosophers should be sent out of the city in a civil manner  When he came into the senate  he rebuked the senators because they allowed those ambassadors who were able to persuade them what they pleased  to stay so long among them without an answer  Therefore he advised also that they would without further delay conclude and decree something concerning the embassy so that they might send them home to argue among their young Greeks and not to spoil the youth of Rome  These were to be made to strictly obey the laws and magistrates as in former times   Cicero  in Lucullo    Tulculan  quest                de oratore  Pliny       c     Plutar  in Catone  Malore  A  Gellius       c     Maccab        Saturnal  c","YearBCAD":-155,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3849,"JulPer":4559,"Dating":"3849 AM, 4559 JP, 155 BC"}
{"Index":3567,"EventTxt":"At the same time that the senate sent Qu  Opimius  the consul  to wage war with the Oxybians of Ligurea  of which Polybius makes mention in the  th embassy  Ptolemy the younger  Euergetes  came to Rome  No sooner had he entered the senate than he accused his brother Philometor of setting an ambush for him  He showed his scars of the wounds he had received  He tried to use inflamed language to stir up the people and to create sympathy for him  Ptolemy the older sent Neolaidas and Andromachus as ambassadors to answer the charges made by his brother  The senate would not allow them to speak because they seemed to believe what the other brother had said  They were commanded to leave Rome immediately  Five ambassadors were selected among whom were Cn  Merula and L  Thermus  To each were assigned ships of five tiers of oars  Their commission was to go along with the younger Ptolemy and give him Cyprus  They wrote also to their allies in Greece and Asia to help Ptolemy recover Cyprus   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3568,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors from Rome were come to Prusias  they forbid him in the senate s name to take any more hostile action against Attalus  an ally and confederate of the Romans  They charged him strictly  either to submit to the senate s decree or to come with   cavalry to the borders and there to argue the case with Attalus who was coming there with the same number  He saw Attalus  small retinue and hoped to surprise him  He sent his agents a little before him as if intending to follow after with his   men  However  he drew up his whole army as if he had come to fight and not to talk  Attalus and the Roman delegates were warned and hurried away  However  Prusias seized the Roman wagons  took Nicephorum and demolished it  He burned the temples that were in it and forced Attalus with the Roman delegates to flee to Pergamos for refuge which he besieged   Appian  in Mithridaticis  p","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3569,"EventTxt":"When Hortensius and Autunculeius returned from Pergamos to Rome  they declared with what great contempt Prusias had received the injunctions of the senate  Contrary to the league between them  he used all violence against them and Attalus after he had besieged them in Pergamos  The senators were so highly displeased and moved by this affront that they decreed that   ambassadors should immediately be sent  Among them were L  Anicius  C  Fannius  and Q  Fabius Maximus  These were ordered to end the war and to compel Prusias to make satisfaction of Attalus for the damages he had sustained by this war   Polybius  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3570,"EventTxt":"While it was still winter  Attalus gathered a large army  Ariarathes and Mithridates his confederates had sent both foot soldiers and cavalry  under the command of Demetrius  Ariarathes  son  While Attalus was preparing for war  the Roman ambassadors met him at Quada  After they had talked with him  they went directly to Prusias  As soon as they came there  they told him he displeased the senate greatly  Prusias promised he would do some things the senate required of him but denied most of them  Thereupon  the Roman ambassadors to whom he had given great offence by his obstinacy  renounced that amity and alliance which had been formerly between them  They all left him and journeyed to Attalus  Prusias repented of what he had done and went after the ambassadors  He begged and beseeched them for a long time  When he saw no good would come of this  he let them go and returned home  He did not know what to do  In the meantime  the Romans advised Attalus to stay within his kingdom with his army and not commit any act of hostility against anybody  He should secure his own cities and villages from invasion  The ambassadors went their separate ways  Some went to Rome to tell the senate of King Prusias  pertinency  Others went into the country of Ionia and others to the Hellespont and adjacent lands to Byzantium  All of them went with the plan of making the rulers break their alliance with Prusias and join Attalus to help him in whatever way they could   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3571,"EventTxt":"Atheneus  Attalus  brother  came soon after this with a large fleet of   ships with decks    came from the Rhodians that had been used in the war in Crete    came from the Cyziceneans   from Attalus  the rest were from his confederates  He sailed directly to the Hellespont  Any cities he sailed past that were under Prusias  command  he went ashore and wasted their countries   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3572,"EventTxt":"As soon as the senate had heard their ambassadors who returned from Prusias  they sent three others  Appius Claudius  Lucius Oppius and Aulus Posthumus  When they arrived in Asia  they concluded the war and prevailed with both the kings to agree on these conditions  vv Prusias would immediately give Attalus   ships with decks  He would pay him   talents over   years  Each should keep what they had before the start of the war  Moreover  Prusias was to make good the damages which he did to the countries of the Methymneans  Egans  Cumai  and Heracleots and to pay to them   talents","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3573,"EventTxt":"After the covenants were signed by both parties  Attalus returned home with all the forces he had brought either by sea or land   Polyb  Legat      When Prusias  saw his subjects hated him for his tyranny and how his son Nicomedes was loved by them  he grew jealous of his son and sent him away to Rome to live there   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3574,"EventTxt":"When Antioch revolted from Demetrius Soter  Orophernes entered into a league with them and plotted how to dethrone him  He was recently restored to his kingdom  When Demetrius knew of his plans  he spared his life lest Ariarathes should be freed from the fear of war from his brother  However  he seized him and commanded him to be kept as a prisoner at Seleucia  Those of Antioch were not put off by the discovery of the plot but applied themselves all the more to their plan  They allied themselves with Ptolemy  the king of Egypt  Attalus  the king of Asia and Ariarathes of Cappadocia who was attacked by Demetrius  The men of Antioch bribed a certain obscure youth  a foreigner who was to lay claim to the kingdom of Syria  as being his father s kingdom  He was to try to recover it by force  So that the affront might be complete  they called him Alexander and said that he was son of King Antiochus  Such was the universal hatred of Demetrius that his rival had conferred on him by the consent of all the strength and power befitting a king and the royalty of extraction   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3575,"EventTxt":"Livy        says of this Alexander  vv to have been an obscure person and whose descent was not very well known","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3576,"EventTxt":"Athenaeus        c      styles him  vv the supposed son of Antiochus Epiphanes","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3577,"EventTxt":"Appian says  vv one who added himself into the family of those that were descended from Seleucus","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3578,"EventTxt":"In the Syriac   p      Sulpitius Severus  vv A youth raised at Rhodes who falsely bragged of himself that he was son of Antiochus  Histor  Sacra","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3579,"EventTxt":"Strabo         p      surnamed him Balas and Josephus         c      Balles","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3580,"EventTxt":"In the middle of the summer  Heraclides  whom Antiochus Epiphanes formerly had appointed over the treasury at Babylon  brought Alexander with him to Rome along with Laodice  the daughter of Antiochus Epiphanes his daughter  While he stayed at Rome  he wore the clothes of some great person and did all things very subtilly  purposely stretching out the time and hoped to incline the senate to favour his plans   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3850,"JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3850 AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3581,"EventTxt":"While Attalus  the son of King Eumenes  in whose name his uncle Attalus governed the kingdom of Pergamos  was yet a child  he came to Rome to ingratiate himself with the senate and renew that friendship and right of hospitality which formerly had been between his father and the people of Rome  He was treated with most extraordinary civility by the senate  His father s friends received an answer to his own heart s wish  He was given honours as were suitable for a child of his age  Within a few days  he returned from Rome  All the cities of Greece through which he passed  received him with great devotion and magnificence   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3851a AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3582,"EventTxt":"Demetrius  later called Nicator  son of the then reigning Demetrius Soter in Syria  was at the same time at Rome  His reception was ordinary since he was a child and he did not stay long   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-154,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4560,"Dating":"3851a AM, 4560 JP, 154 BC"}
{"Index":3583,"EventTxt":"Heraclides stayed a long time at Rome and came into the senate with Laodice and Alexander  Balas   First the youngster made a short speech and desired that the Romans would be pleased to remember that friendship and alliance which had been formerly between them and his father Antiochus and that would help him recover his kingdom  Failing that  he asked permission to return to Syria and that they would not oppose any of those who were ready to help him regain his father s kingdom  Heraclides spoke next  After he had extolled the merits of Antiochus for a long time  he condemned Demetrius  Soter   He concluded that it was right and just to grant unto the youth  Alexander  and to Laodice  who were the lawful seed of King Antiochus  permission to return to their country  Very little if anything he said was liked by the sober minded senators who thought all he had spoken was a fiction  They utterly detested Heraclides  The lowest of the senators  whom Heraclides by his delusions had made his friends  all agreed that a decree of the senate should be made to this end  vv The senate had given to Alexander and Laodice  children of a king who was a friend and an associate of the people of Rome  permission to return to their father s kingdom by right of former inheritance and to assist them according to their decrees","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851b AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3584,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Heraclides presently hired soldiers and drew a very large number of persons to his side  He came to Ephesus where he began with all earnestness to prepare for the war he had so long planned   Polyb  Legat","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851b AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3585,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  Alexander  Balas  who pretended to be the son of Antiochus Epiphanes  captured Ptolemais  a city of Phoenicia  It was betrayed to him by the soldiers who were garrisoned there  APC IMa      Joseph        c      They detested Demetrius  behaviour because he was of a harsh disposition and very insolent  He secluded himself and did not care about public matters but trifled his time away in idleness","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851c AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3586,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius Soter heard that Alexander was received into Ptolemais  and began to reign there  he mustered together a very large force  and planned to march against him and fight with him  APC IMa       After Demetrius considered the hazards of the war  he sent two of his sons  Demetrius Nicator and Antiochus Sideres who were later kings of Syria  with a great amount of gold to his army at Cnidus  This was to protect them should the war turn out badly  If that happened  they should live to avenge their father s quarrel   Livy       Justin        c","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851c AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3587,"EventTxt":"Demetrius wrote letters to Jonathan to renew peace with him and gave him authority to levy forces and to provide arms that he might help him in the war against Alexander  He ordered that the hostages who were kept in the fort  should be released  When Jonathan read the letters publicly at Jerusalem  those who held the fort feared and turned over the hostages to him and he gave them to their parents  APC I","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:3-9","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3851,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851c AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3588,"EventTxt":"Jonathan wisely made good use of this opportunity and began to repair Jerusalem  He took care to build up the walls and the Mount Sion all around with square stones to fortify it  The aliens who were in the forts which Bacchides built  left their strongholds and hurried away to his own land  Only at Bethsura remained some of the apostates and deserters of the law and used that as their place of refuge  APC I","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:10-14","BibBk1":"Ma","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851d|AM,4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3589,"EventTxt":"Alexander had heard in the meantime  of the good promises which Demetrius had made to Jonathan through his letters  Thereupon he also sent letters courting his friendship and association  He ordained him the high priest of that country  He honoured him with the title of being called the king s friend and sent him a purple robe and a crown of gold  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3851d|AM,4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3590,"EventTxt":"Jonathan assumed the high priesthood in the  th month of the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks at the feast of tabernacles  APC IMa     This was the  th not the  th year  as it is in Josephus       c      after the death of his brother Judas  For by that account  Judas died not before the  th year of the Greeks  This contradicts the history of the Maccabees  APC IMa          This error generated another in that Judas succeeded Alcimus in the high priesthood  We have shown previously this was wrong and it was later acknowledged by Josephus also  He clearly stated later that no one succeeded Jacimus or Alcimus but that the city was without an high priest for the   whole years   Joseph  Antiq        c      After   years and   months expired  Jonathan now assumed the office of the high priesthood  He was first of the Hasmoneans who descended from Jehoiarib who was of the priest s family  He was not descended from Jaddus the high priest  whose heir  Onias  at this time lived in Egypt with Ptolemy Philometor","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3852,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3852a AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3591,"EventTxt":"Demetrius Soter was grieved that the Jews were inclined to side with Alexander  He hoped to win them over by forgiving the arrears of tribute and all the tribute by which the Macedonians had before miserably oppressed that country  He made generous promises of other honourable concessions  Jonathan and the people of the Jews were not much influenced by this  They knew that this offer came from a man who by his former actions had clearly shown his hatred of them  He would not keep his word if he escaped from those troubles he was in  Thereupon  they abandoned Demetrius and sided with Alexander  He had first made an offer of peace with them  From that time on  they were his confederates in the war  APC I","YearBCAD":-153,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:22-47","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3852,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4561,"Dating":"3852a AM, 4561 JP, 153 BC"}
{"Index":3592,"EventTxt":"Andriscus an Adramyttean  a contemptible person  said that he was the son of Perseus  the last king of the Macedonians and changed his name to Philip  He tried to create a rebellion in Macedonia  When no one paid any attention to him  he went into Syria and spoke to Demetrius Soter whose sister was Perseus  wife  He thought he might get some help from him  To better accomplish this  he devised this tale  He said he was descended from King Perseus by a courtesan and given to Cyrthesa to receive his education  This was done so that some of the royal family might be preserved in case he lost the war which he had with the Romans  After Perseus  death  he was kept in ignorance of his lineage and believed until he was   that the man with whom he was brought up at Adramyttum was his father  Afterward the man became sick and was about to die  Before he died  he told him the truth  He gave him a little book which his reputed mother signed with King Perseus  signet  He was to give it to him when he came of age  Until then everything was to be kept secret  When he came of age  the book was to be given to him  in which two treasures were left to him by his father  Then the woman who did not know that he was her own but a secret son  told him of his true descent  She begged him earnestly to withdraw from those parts before Eumenes knew of it who was Perseus  sworn enemy  She feared lest they should be put to death  For this lie he was taken by King Demetrius and sent to Rome  When it was obvious that he was neither the son of Perseus nor had anything else of note  he was slighted and condemned   Livy           Zonar  ex Dione   Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-152,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3852,"JulPer":4562,"Dating":"3852 AM, 4562 JP, 152 BC"}
{"Index":3593,"EventTxt":"Alexander Balas assembled a large army with the soldiers which revolted from King Demetrius in Syria and the auxiliaries of Attalus  Ariarathes  Jonathan and especially of Ptolemy Philometor  He fought with Demetrius and the left wing of Demetrius  army routed the enemy  They pursued them so hard that they had also the plunder of their camp  The right wing  in which Demetrius himself fought  was forced to give ground  Even though many of his troops fled  Demetrius behaved himself very valiantly and killed some of his enemies and chasing others of them who were not able to withstand the violence of his charge  He was caught in a slough that was deep and impassable  He could not escape because his horse kept falling as he went  The enemy surrounded him and shot him with arrows  However  he fought very gallantly on foot  until he fell down dead from the many wounds he had  APC I    Joseph        c     Justin        c     Appian  Syriac  p      Demetrius died after he had reigned in Syria for   years  When the rest of the kings conspired against him  he lost his life and his kingdom together   Polybius       p      Porphyrius who knew well Demetrius  in Grec  Euseb  Scaliger  p      Eusebius and Severus Sulpicius agree that he ruled   years  However  Josephus says he ruled for only","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:48-50","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3594,"EventTxt":"After Demetrius  death  who was survived by his two sons  Demetrius and Antiochus and a little before the Achaic war  a comet the size of the sun appeared  At first its orb was fiery and ruddy and cast a clear light that brightened up the night  After  it began to lessen in size and its brightness vanished  it finally disappeared   Senec  Natural  Quast        c","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3595,"EventTxt":"After Alexander with the special help of Ptolemy Philometor  as Appian stated  had killed Demetrius and taken his kingdom  he sent ambassadors to Ptolemy to arrange a marriage between him and his daughter  Ptolemy readily agreed and immediately left Egypt for Ptolemais with his daughter Cleopatra  She was a woman born to ruin the kingdom of Syria  This marriage happened in the  nd year of the kingdom of the Greeks at the end of the year  APC I","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:51-58","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3596,"EventTxt":"Jonathan was invited by Alexander to this wedding  He presented those two kings and also their friends with gold  silver and many other gifts  He hoped to ingratiate himself to them  At the same time  some wicked men came from the land of Israel to accuse Jonathan  Alexander did not listen to them and commanded that Jonathan should be clothed in purple and that he should sit next to him  He also ordered the piers of his realm to attend him into the middle of Ptolemais  A proclamation was made forbidding anyone to speak against him or to molest him in any way  Thereupon his accusers vanished out of his sight  The king also showed him a great deal of honour by promoting him among those that were reputed his most intimate friends  He made him the general of his forces in Judea and shared the dominion with him in his own court  So Jonathan returned back to Jerusalem in peace and great joy  APC I","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:59-61","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3597,"EventTxt":"Onias  son of the high priest  Onias the  rd one by that name lived as a renegade with Ptolemy Philometor at Alexandria  He saw there was no hope of recovering the high priesthood of Jerusalem since it was transferred to the family of the Hermoneans  He aspired to make a name for all posterity  He petitioned King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra  who was both his wife and sister  while he was engaged in the war in various countries  He noted that in Coelosyria  Phoenice and Leontopolis in the Heliopolitan jurisdiction of Egypt and in various other places that the Jews had their temples  This was the cause of all that strife which was so common with them  Therefore  Onias requested that he might have permission to purify an old ruined temple that was not yet consecrated to any god which he had found standing near the citadel of Bubastis in the plain  He also wanted to build another temple in the same place to the Almighty God  patterned exactly like the one at Jerusalem in size and shape  Then the Jews who lived in Egypt might keep their assemblies there  This would be a good means of preserving unity among themselves and preparing them to serve the king when required to  For  the prophet Isaiah had foretold that there should be in the latter days  an altar erected to the Lord God in Egypt  He also prophesied many other things concerning that place   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3598,"EventTxt":"It should be noted that when Onias did not plan to build a new temple when he came first to Philometor and Cleopatra into Egypt but rather after he had served them well in the Egyptian and Syrian wars  Josephus in his second book against Appian  p      states that Philometor and Cleopatra  committed their whole kingdom to the Jews to ravage and appointed Onias and Dositheus  both Jews  over the whole army  Again  in that prophecy of Isaiah  which Onias wrested to support his sacrilegious ambition concerned the spiritual kingdom of our Lord Christ  is found in Isa        vv In that day shall there be five cities in the land of Egypt  speaking the language of Canaan  and sworn to the Lord of Hosts  one shall be called a city of destruction","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3599,"EventTxt":"In that day shall there be an altar to the Lord in the middle of the land of Egypt and a pillar to the Lord at its border  Here for srxt ry  city of Jerusalem  is similar srxt ry  where it says  the city of the sun where the only difference is that the   is pointed differently  This is how Simachus interpreted it and Jerome has rendered it  vv One of them shall be called the city of the sun","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3600,"EventTxt":"The Chaldee Paraphrase puts them together  vv The city of the sun which shall be destroyed","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3601,"EventTxt":"This may be the reason why Scaliger guesses that Onias chose the Heliopolitan tract to build the temple","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3602,"EventTxt":"When Onias was given a plot in the Heliopolitan district about   miles from Memphis  he built a temple there  It was not so large or so costly as the one at Jerusalem  The towers were similar and made of large stones and rose to the height of   feet  The altar was a copy of the one at Jerusalem and furnished with the same utensils except for the candlestick  He made no candlestick but a golden lamp instead  It sparkled as it were with a beam of light  He hung it on a chain of gold  He surrounded the temple with a wall of brick in which were made gates of stone  The king gave a grant of a large proportion of land and revenue that the priests might be supplied with necessaries for the worship of God  Onias also found some Jews  who lived in the same area that he did  that were priests and Levites   Joseph  Antiq        c       Belli       c      He used them in his temple   Joseph  Belli        c     cf  Antiq        c       in the Meshna  tract  Minhoth c     Sect      The priests who ministered in Onias  temple were accounted little better than the priests of the high places  who were not permitted   as appears from  Ki      to offer burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord at Jerusalem but to eat only unleavened bread like the unclean priests among their brethren","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3603,"EventTxt":"At Alexandria there arose a dispute between the Jews and the Samaritans concerning their holy rites  One contended that the temple at Jerusalem was the only lawful temple and ordained by Moses while the other party contended for Gerizim  Both sides appealed to Ptolemy Philometor and his friends for the hearing and decision of the matter  They wanted the losers to be executed  Sabbeus and Theodosius pleaded for the Samaritans and Andronicus the son of Messalamus for the Jews  They took their oaths by God and the king that they would use no arguments but such as they found in the law  They asked the king that he would put to death whoever lost  The king with many of his friends at the council heard the whole debate  Finally they were persuaded by Andronicus  arguments and determined that the temple in Jerusalem was that which was built by Moses  directions  Sabbeus and Theodosius were sentenced to death as was agreed   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3604,"EventTxt":"At the same time Aristobulus  a Jew  being a peripatetic philosopher  became famous at Philometor s court in Egypt  He wrote a commentary on Moses and dedicated it to the king  In its preface there is a famous passage that is quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus         Stromato and by Eusebius in Perparat  Evangel         c      In this book        c      of the same work  he copies large sections from this book of Aristobulus","YearBCAD":-150,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3854,"JulPer":4564,"Dating":"3854 AM, 4564 JP, 150 BC"}
{"Index":3605,"EventTxt":"In this year the  rd Carthaginian war started  Mithridates Euergenes  who was the first of the kings of Pontus and a confederate with the people of Rome  brought a number of ships against the Carthaginians   Appian  in Mithridatic  p      Both the consuls were sent to manage this war  Manilius managed the army and Marcius Censorinus was admiral of the fleet  They were told secretly not to stop the war until Carthage was demolished   Livy       Appian  in Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3606,"EventTxt":"Andronicus or the false Philip  secretly escaped from Rome  He levied an army and captured all Macedonia and the royal ensigns  This was either with the consent of the inhabitants or by force of arms in the  rd year of the  th olympiad  He also thought of invading Thessaly and adding it to his domains  However  through the instigation of the Roman delegates  it was defended with the help of the Achaians   Livy           Vellei Patercul        Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scalig  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3607,"EventTxt":"When Prusias Venator  the king of Bithynia  knew that his son Nicomedes was in some favour at Rome  he ordered him to go to the senate  He wanted the arrears of the money which was owed to Attalus to be cancelled  He also sent an ambassador  Menas  to be his assistant who was secretly ordered to murder Nicomedes if he failed to get his request   Appian  in Mithridatic  p      This would give the kingdom to his younger sons who he had by a second wife   Justin        c      One who was named after his father  had no teeth in his upper jaw but instead it was one bone that grew out so evenly that it did not disfigured him or cause him any problems when chewing   Livy       Valer  Maxim     I e  ult  Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3608,"EventTxt":"Prusias set out his ambassador Menas with some large ships and   soldiers and Attalus sent Andronicus as an ambassador to oppose the request  He made it clearly appear that the fine which was laid upon Prusias was far less than the booty he had obtained by pillaging the country  Menas saw there was little hope of obtaining his request of getting Prusias  fine removed and also knew in what high esteem Nicomedes was held in Rome  He did not know what to do  He dared not kill Nicomedes nor return to Bithynia  In this state of indecision  he remained at Rome  Nicomedes called him to a meeting which he found not too disagreeable  They conspired against Prusias and drew Andronicus into their confederacy who was to persuade Attalus to help to establish Nicomedes in Bithynia  They all met together at Bernice  a little town in Epirus and at night time went aboard a ship  They wanted to determine what was the best way to accomplish this business  After the discussion  they departed their way the same night  In the morning  Nicomedes came ashore in his purple robe and with his crown on his head  like a king  Andronicus met him a little later and greeted him as a king  Andronicus was attended by   soldiers  Menas pretended not to know that Nicomedes was in the company until then  Menas ran about the   soldiers he had brought with him and exhorted them to side with the one who should seem most deserving  He intimated that Prusias was now an old man and Nicomedes was in his youth  The Bithynians were weary of Prusias and desirous of his son  The best of the Romans liked this youth extremely well  Andronicus who was now captain of his guard  had promised assistance from Attalus  a neighbouring king of a large kingdom  He was also a bitter enemy to Prusias  He reminded them of Prusias  cruelty and antics by which he was hated by everybody  As soon as Menas saw in these soldiers the dislike for his villainies  he took them all to Nicomedes  He was the second after Andronicus that greeted him as king and brought   soldiers with him as a guard   Appian  in Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3609,"EventTxt":"Attalus was very eager to accept the youth and sent orders to Prusias to turn over to his son some cities to dwell in and fields for provision  Prusias answered that he would soon give him Attalus  whole kingdom for whose sake he had formerly invaded Asia  When he had said this  he sent some delegates away to Rome to accuse Nicomedes and Attalus and cite them both to a trial   Apian  in Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3610,"EventTxt":"Nicomedes was encouraged by Phaellon or rather Phaennis  Epirus  seer who predicted success and by the instigation of Attalus  He waged war with his father Prusias   Zosim  Histor         As soon as he and Attalus with their forces came into Bithynia  the Bithynians began to revolt  Thereupon Prusias dared not trust himself with anyone of his own subjects  He hoped that the Romans would relieve him  He waited for this and secured himself in a citadel at Nicaea  He had gotten from Dirgylles a Thracian  his father in law    Thracians  whom he appointed to be his bodyguard   Appian  Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3855,"JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3855 AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3611,"EventTxt":"The praetor of Rome did not conduct the ambassadors from Prusias to the senate as soon as they arrived  He hoped to do Attalus a courtesy  After he had ushered them into the senate and was ordered to choose some ambassadors who might settle the war  he selected three  One had been wounded in the head with a large stone and was badly disfigured from the scars  A second one was lame on his feet and the third was a fool  Cato Censorinus  who died at   soon after  said in jest that the Romans sent an embassy who had neither head  feet nor heart   Livy       Plutarch  in Catone majore","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3856a AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3612,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors came into Bithynia  they ordered both sides to lay down their arms  Nicomedes and Attalus indicated they would submit to the authority of the senate  However  Bithynians  who were instigated and previously told by Nicomedes and Attalus what they should do  said obstinately that they could no longer endure Prusias  tyranny especially since they had showed to him by this present engagement how much they disliked his government  Since the Bithynians had not as yet made known these their grievances to the senate  the ambassadors returned home again and accomplished nothing  Prusias gave up expecting help from the Romans and had not sought help elsewhere because he believed the Romans would help him  He crossed over to Nicomedia and planned to fortify that place and from there to prevent the enemy from getting in  However  the townsmen deserted their king and opened the gates to the enemy  Thereupon Prusias fled to Jupiter s temple and trusted he would be protected by the religion and respect due to that place  In spite of this  Nicomedes sent some of his party who killed him there   Appian  Mithridatic  p         Diodorus Siculus stated that Prusias fled for his own security to the altar of Jupiter and was slain by his son Nicomedes by his own hand   in Photii  Bibliotheca  cod      Strabo states he was slain by Attalus         p      Livy says he was killed by his son with the help of Attalus          Zonaras from Dion  says he was killed by his own subjects  For Polybius reports that he was so hated by the Bythynians  in Excerpt  Valesii  p       Suidas in pdts  that they all rose up against him in such numbers and with such violence as if their plan had been not only to revolt from him but mainly to avenge themselves of him for the notable injustices of his government","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3856a AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3613,"EventTxt":"Andriscus  or the false Philip  in Macedonia  fought with Juventius the Roman praetor who was sent with a legion against him  He won the battle and slew Juventius and killed most of the Roman army  From there he invaded Thessaly and wasted most of the country and took the Thracians into an alliance   Livy       Flor  Histor        c     Entrop        Zonar  ex  Dione  Oros        c      With these successes  he started to commit acts of cruelty and tyrannical deeds  There was not a wealthy person whom he did not put to death on false accusation  He did not spare his most intimate friends and killed many of them  He was naturally of a fierce and bloody disposition  In his common actions  proud and haughty and at last deeply engaged in covetousness and all manner of vice   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-149,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4565,"Dating":"3856a AM, 4565 JP, 149 BC"}
{"Index":3614,"EventTxt":"Alexander Bala in Syria gave himself over entirely to riotous living and luxury  His friend Ammonius managed the affairs of the kingdom  He killed all the king s friends  Laodice the queen who was the daughter of Antiochus Epiphanes and Antigonus who was the son of Demetrius   Livy       Joseph  Antiq        c     Athenaus        c","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3615,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the Greeks  Demetrius the oldest son of Demetrius Soter was now in his prime  He heard of Alexander s degenerate life style and luxury to whom came those vast incomes which he scarcely dreamed of and perks of the kingdom  All the while he stayed like a prisoner in his own palace among a company of courtesans  He raised a large force of mercenary soldiers from Lasthenes a Cretian who sailed from Crete to Cilicia with the army  Alexander was so terrified by this news that he hurried away from Phenice to Antioch to settle things before Demetrius arrived  The government of Antioch was committed to Hieraces and Diodotus  who is the same with Tryphon  APC IMa     IMa        Josephus Antiq        c     Justin        c     Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3616,"EventTxt":"Apollonius the governor of Coelosyria who was surnamed Daus by Josephus  joined Demetrius whom he made general of his forces which he sent against those Jews which remained loyal to Alexander  When Apollonius had raised a large army  many defected from Alexander to Demetrius from fear  He camped at Jamnia and sent to Jonathan  the Jew s general and high priest  a boastful challenge to meet him if he dared and fight in the plain  This inflamed Jonathan so much that he immediately marched from Jerusalem with     men  His brother Simon met him to help him  They camped before Joppa but Apollonius  soldiers who were garrisoned there  shut them out  Thereupon they laid siege and began their batteries against the place  This so dismayed the citizens  that they immediately opened their gates and surrendered city  APC I","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:69-76","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3617,"EventTxt":"As soon as Apollonius heard of the loss of Joppa  he marched to Azotus with   cavalry and his   infantry according to Josephus  He placed in ambush   cavalry who were to attack Jonathan s rearguard  as soon as he was past the place where the ambush lay  Then Apollonius would charge the enemy s vanguard so that the Jews were to be attacked at both ends  As soon as Jonathan passed the place  he saw the ambush coming to surround his camp  He commanded his men to stand still and deflect the enemies arrows with their shields  The cavalry had worn themselves out and exhausted their arrows because they had attacked from the morning until night  Then Simon lead up his forces against the enemies foot soldiers and defeated and routed them  The enemy cavalry fled to Azotus and entered into Bethdagon  their idol temple  for their safety  However  Jonathan burned Azotus and the surrounding cities and took much spoil  He burned Dagon s temple to the ground and all that fled there died in the flames  Nearly   men were killed by the sword and by the fire  Jonathan left there and camped before Askelon where the men of the city treated him very nobly  After this victory Jonathan returned as a conqueror to Jerusalem with his army loaded with much booty and spoil  When King Alexander heard the news of Jonathan s successes  he continued to show his respects to him and sent him a golden buckler which was usually given only to those of the royal blood  He also gave Accaron with its territories  a city of the Philistines  to him and his heirs for ever  APC I","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 10:77-89","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3618,"EventTxt":"After the Carthaginians had defeated Piso the consul  at Hippo  they sent their ambassadors to Macedonia to Andriscus  the alleged son of Persius  They urged him to persist courageously in his war against the Romans and promised that he would never lack money nor shipping from Carthage   Appian  in Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3619,"EventTxt":"Q  Caecilius Metellus  the Roman praetor  not the consul as Floras has it and also the Latin interpreter of Pausanias  Achaicks  was sent against Andriscus with a large army and came into Macedonia  There he persuaded the commissioners  who the senate had sent to receive information of the affairs in Asia  that before they went there  they would go to the commanders of the Achaians and order them to stop the war they were fighting with the Lacedemonians  They sent to Damocritus and the Achaians the message they received from Metellus  The Achaians were just about to attack the Lacedomians  When they saw they had no affect on the Achaians  they went on to Asia   Pausan  in Achaicis  p","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3620,"EventTxt":"When Metellus entered Macedonia  Attalus brought his fleet to help him  He kept Andriscus away from the sea coast  Andriscus brought up his army a little beyond Pydna  Although his cavalry had defeated the enemy yet he retreated back for fear of the Roman foot soldiers  He divided his army into two brigades  One of them he sent into Thessaly to waste that country and the other he kept to himself  Metellus put little stock in the enemy forces and marched towards them  When he had beaten Andriscus  troops  Andriscus fled into Tracia  After he had levied a new army  he fought with Metellus but was defeated  He fled to Byzes  a petty king of Thrace who betrayed him into the hands of Metellus  Alexander who pretended to be the son of Persius  gathered an army and seized part of the country beside the Nestus River  Metellus pursued him as far as Dardania   Strabo           p     Vellei  Patersuli       Flor        c     Zonar  ex Dione   The false Philip was utterly defeated by the loss of     of his soldiers  He was taken prisoner and Macedonia was recovered by the Romans   Eutrep         This happened when Spurius Pollumius and Lucius Piso were consuls   Jul  Obsequens  de prodigin   in the  th year of the  th olympiad at the close of the year   Polphyr  in Crac  Euseb  Scalig  p","YearBCAD":-148,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3856,"JulPer":4566,"Dating":"3856 AM, 4566 JP, 148 BC"}
{"Index":3621,"EventTxt":"P  Cornelius Scipio  the consul  fought a naval battle at Carthage  His fleet had his own ships with   ships from the Sidenses which Mithridates  the king of Pontus had sent to him   Appian  Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-147,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3857,"JulPer":4567,"Dating":"3857 AM, 4567 JP, 147 BC"}
{"Index":3622,"EventTxt":"The Aradians planned the ruin of the Maratheans in Phoenicia  They sent secretly to Ammonius  who at that time was viceroy in Syria under Alexander Bala and offered him   talents to turn over Marathum to them  Thereupon Ammonius sent Isodore to the Maratheans  He was to pretend he was there on business but the true intent was to seize Marathum and to give him to the Aradians  The Marathians knew the king favoured the Aradians more than themselves  They denied the king s soldiers entrance into their city  From their most aged citizens  they selected   of the most famous among them and sent them as suppliants to the island of Aradus  They took along some of the oldest images of their gods which they had in their city and hoped by this to appease the fury of the Aradians  The Aradians were highly provoked and ignored their humble speeches  They disregarded all reverence to the gods and broke the images and trampled them most shamefully under their feet  When the ambassadors were stoned by the people  some senators who interposed themselves  had much trouble to move them safely to prison  The ambassadors complained and pleaded the privileges of suppliants and of the sacred gods  The rights of ambassadors were not to be violated but they were massacred by a company of impudent young fellows  The authors of this villany came immediately after into the assembly  They had taken the signet rings from those Maratheans whom they had killed  They counterfeited letters to the Maratheans in the ambassadors names  They said that the Aradians would quickly send them some supplies  The Maratheans were completely deceived and let the Aradian forces into their city since they thought they came to help them       Thereupon the Aradians seized all the ships belonging to private men  lest perchance someone might reveal their plot to the Maratheans  In spite of all this  a certain sailor and a friend to the Amratheans  pitied their sad condition  He usually sailed in the neighbouring sea  He took his ship and by night boldly crossed that one mile strait and told the Maratheans how that the Aradians planned to attack them  When the Aradians knew that their plot was revealed  they stopped sending letters to them   Diod  Sic  Legat       in Excerpt  Valesii  p         They openly attacked Marathum and captured the city  They demolished it and shared its territory among themselves   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-147,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3857,"JulPer":4567,"Dating":"3857 AM, 4567 JP, 147 BC"}
{"Index":3623,"EventTxt":"A  th observation of the autumnal equinox was made by Hipparchus at midnight  in the  nd year of the third Calippic period  on the  rd day of the Egyptian Additionals  at the beginning of September  th  in the  th year from the death of Alexander  The  th year was ending and the  th was starting in   days   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-147,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4567,"Dating":"3858a AM, 4567 JP, 147 BC"}
{"Index":3624,"EventTxt":"In the same year of the same Calippic Period  the  th year from the death of Alexander  on the  th day of the Egyptian month Mechir   March  th  in the morning  Hipparchus wrote that he observed the vernal equinox   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3625,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Cornelius Lentulus and Lucius Mummius were consuls  Carthage was demolished   Vellei  Paterc         On this occasion  Scipio  considered the turning of human affairs and feared lest the same fate should happen sometime to Rome  He said this  vv The day shall come when sacred Troy shall fall  And Priam with his stock sink therewithal","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3626,"EventTxt":"He told this to his teacher Polybius  who was then present  and had inserted this passage in his history   Appian  in Libyc  p","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3627,"EventTxt":"L  Mummius the consul  who was sent from the senate to make an end of the Achaic war  came to the camp with a small company  He had given orders to Metellus who was in charge of the Achaic war as soon as he had finished the Macedonian war  He was to march with his forces in Macedonia and stay at the isthmus until he had drawn up his whole body which consisted of  avalry and     foot soldiers       In this army were some archers from Crete  Philopaemen brought him a brigade from Attalus from Pergamos which lies above Caicus  The consul defeated Diaeus at the isthmus who was the last Achaian praetor and the prime instigator of these Achaian disorders  On the  rd day after the fight  he entered Corinth with his trumpets sounding  After he had taken the spoils of the city  he levelled it to the ground   Livy       Vellei  Ptercul        Justin        c     Floras        c     Pausan  in Achaic  p     Oros        c      This occurred in the  rd year of the  th   for so it is in Pliny  and not the  th  olympiad and according to Varro s calculations  the  th year since Rome was built   Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3628,"EventTxt":"When Polybius came from Africa to help his country  he saw some pictures of the most exquisite artists lying on the ground at Corinth and the soldiers were playing at dice on them  He mentions two in his history  One was of Hercules tortured in the shirt which Deianira had sent him  The other was a picture of Bacchus drawn by Aristides the Theban  Some think it was Aristides who coined the proverb  ouden pbz t lionuoon  This is nothing to Bacchus  This was Aristides  picture of Bacchus   Strabo        p      When L  Mummius knew that King Attalus had bought this picture of Bacchus from among the spoils that were about to be shipped away  for   sestercies or   talents  Pliny       c             c      he marvelled at the high price paid  He suspected that there might be some rare virtue of which he did not know about  He revoked the sale in spite of Attalus  protests and placed the picture in Ceres  temple at Rome   Pliny       c      He knew so little of the value of such things that when he had culled out some exquisite pieces and statues of the best artists to be carried into Italy  he told those that had the charge of them if they lost any of them on the way they should make new ones for them   Vellei  Patercul         Any hangings and other ornaments that seemed admirable  were sent to Rome  Others of less value were given to Philopaemen and shipped to Pergamos   Pausanias in Achaic  p","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3629,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Philometor assembled a large naval and land forces and left Egypt for Syria under pretence to help Alexander Bala his son in law  His real reason was to annex the kingdom of Syria  of which Alexander was deprived  to his own dominions  When all the cities had received him peaceably according to Alexander s orders  Ptolemy placed a garrison of soldiers in every one of them and pretended this to be in Alexander s interest  APC I","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:1-3","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3630,"EventTxt":"As soon as Ptolemy came to Azotus  they showed him the temple of Dagon  which was recently burned and the ruins of Azotus and its surrounding lands  He was shown the heaps of the dead bodies of those that were killed in the war and were burned by Jonathan s command  for they had laid them in heaps on the way that he was to pass  Although they had made an envious account of whatever Jonathan had done to deliberately malign him  the king said nothing  Jonathan met the king at Joppa with great pomp and was very courteously received by him  From there they went together as far as the Eleutherus River where Jonathan took his leave of the king and returned to Jerusalem  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3631,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy had taken all the cities along the sea coasts as far as Seleucia on the coast that is located at the mouth of the Orontes River  He thought Alexander had plotted an ambush against him  At Ptolemais  Ammonius had laid an ambush to trap him  When Ptolemy demanded that justice might be done for him on Ammonius for this act  Alexander would not surrender Ammonius  Thereupon he took away his daughter  Cleopatra from Alexander and gave her in marriage to Demetrius Soter and promised to restore him to his father s kingdom  APC IMa        cf  Joseph  Antiq        c      Livy","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3632,"EventTxt":"The men of Antioch deserted Alexander because of Ammonius from whom they had received much abuse  Ammonius thought to make an escape dressed as a woman and was attacked and slain  Ptolemy went into Antioch and was greeted by the people  He crowned himself with two diadems  the one of Asia   or Syria  the other of Egypt  He told them that he  for his part  was contented with his own dominion of Egypt and persuaded the men of Antioch to receive Demetrius  He said that he had a far greater resentment of their present condition than of the recent exasperations and disputes which had happened between them and his father  Seleucus   Joseph        c     cf  APC IMa      So the men of Antioch gave their loyalty to the son in recompence to the actions they had taken against his father  The old soldiers of his father loved Demetrius and followed him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3633,"EventTxt":"Alexander was at this time in Cilicia APC IMa     where he consulted the oracle of Apollo and he said he received this answer  It said that he should beware of that place which had a rare sight  a thing having two shapes  This was generally thought to refer to Abas  a city in Arabia where Alexander was killed not long after  In this city  there was a certain woman called Herais  the daughter of Diophantus a Macedonian and she had Arabian woman for her mother  She married Samiades who changed her sex and became a man and assumed her father s name of Diophantus   Diod  Sic  fin        in Photii Bibliotheca  cod","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3858,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3858b AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3634,"EventTxt":"In the morning  Hipparchus observed the  th the autumnal equinox in the  rd year of the third Calippic period  on the  th day of the Egyptian Additionals   September     Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3859a AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3635,"EventTxt":"When Alexander had gathered a powerful army  he invaded Syria and wasted all the territories of Antioch  He pillaged and burned wherever he went  Ptolemy with his son in law Demetrius  marched towards him and defeated his forces in a battle near the Oenopara River  Alexander escaped from the battle with   of his soldiers and quickly headed towards Abas  a city of Arabia  He wanted to see Zabdiel  APC IMa         an important person of Arabia  Josephus calls him Zabel and Diodorus Siculus  Diodes  The commanders of Alexander s party  who were with Heliades  treacherously killed Alexander  They had arranged this previously with Demetrius  to whom they had sent an embassy to look after their own interests  In the last battle it happened that Ptolemy s horse was scared with the braying of an elephant and threw him to the ground  When he was down  the enemy attacked him and wounded him seriously in the head  They would have killed him except his bodyguard saved him  In spite of that  he lay   whole days so senseless that he could neither speak nor understand what others spoke to him  Zabdiel  the Arabian cut off Alexander s head and presented it to Ptolemy  About the  th day  he had some relief from the pain of his wounds and returned to his senses  He was encouraged by a pleasing story of the death of Alexander and the sight of Alexander s head  The  rd day after  Ptolemy died while his wounds were being dressed and the physicians were endeavouring to set his bones  APC I    Polyb  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Diod  Sic  fin        Livy       Strabo        p     Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:14-18","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3859a AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3636,"EventTxt":"Josephus said Alexander ruled   years after the death of Demetrius Soter         c      from which we suppose about   months are to be deducted  Based on the authority of the Maccabean writer  the death of this man appears to happen at the same time as Philometor s  After Alexander s death  Demetrius  son of Demetrius Soter  controlled the government of Syria in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  APC IMa     Since he had defeated one who was not descended from their family  he received the same surname Nicator or the conquorer  as the first Seleucus of that kingly line   Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3859a AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3637,"EventTxt":"As soon as Ptolemy Philometor was dead  the soldiers whom he had placed in the forts and cities for the security of Syria  were all killed by the other soldiers in the same garrisons by the instigation of Demetrius  APC IMa     Demetrius treated the rest of Ptolemy s soldiers very unkindly and forgot the help which Ptolemy had given him and his alliance by marriage with Cleopatra  Those soldiers hated his ingratitude and they all retreated to Alexandria and left only the elephants under his control   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-146,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4568,"Dating":"3859a AM, 4568 JP, 146 BC"}
{"Index":3638,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  Cleopatra  the wife and sister of Philometor who had just died  negotiated with the nobles of the realm and tried hard to get the kingdom given to her son   Josephus       Contra Appian  p     Justin       c      However  Ptolemy the younger brother of Philometor  surnamed Euergetes the second along with Phiscon  who reigned at Cyrene  was sent for from there to oppose her in her plans  Onias  who recently built the temple in the Helopolitan jurisdiction  took up the war for Cleopatra and marched with a small army of Jews to the city Alexandria  This happened when Thermus was a junior ambassador there for the Romans  according to Appion the grammarian  in his book against the Jews   Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3639,"EventTxt":"Physcon ended the quarrel and forced Cleopatra  who was his older sister and wife to their own brother  to marry him   Valer  Maxim        c      And as soon as he entered Alexandria  he commanded all those that favoured the young child to be killed  He also killed the young child as he was in his mother s arms on the wedding day in the midst of their feasting and religious solemnities  So he went up to his sister s bed besmeared with the gore of her own son  Neither was his behaviour any milder to his countrymen  who invited him to the kingdom and helped him secure the throne  He gave the foreign soldiers permission to kill at pleasure and many were killed everywhere   Justin        c      He executed many of them with the most cruel tortures based on false charges of treason  He banished others and confiscated their estates based on false charges he had made up and forged   Diod  Sic  in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3640,"EventTxt":"When Jonathan had assembled those who were in Judea  he prepared many engines and besieged the tower at Jerusalem  Demetrius Nicator was told this by some ungodly persons who hated their own country  Thereupon  the king was incensed and wrote to Jonathan to break off the siege and quickly meet him at Ptolemais so they could have a conference about the matter  Jonathan did not break off his seige but did go to the king  He was accompanied by the elders and the priests and took along with them some presents by which they soon pacified the king s wrath  Jonathan made so good an apology for himself that the king dismissed the informers and confirmed the high priesthood on him and counted him as one of his best friends  Moreover  Jonathan promised to give to the king   talents and procured from him a release for all Judea and the   countries annexed to it  APC IMa     That is Apherma  Lydda  and Ramath  They did not have to pay tithes and tribute that was formerly paid to the kings  The king sent letters about this to Lasthenes  who with the Cretian s auxiliaries had brought Demetrius to the kingdom and whom he styled cousin and father  APC I","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:20-37","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3641,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius saw that there was now peace throughout the kingdom and no opposition made against him  he disbanded his old native soldiers and continued in arms only those bands of foreigners whom he had levied in Crete and the other islands  This turned the hearts of his father s soldiers against him APC IMa     who constantly received their salaries from the previous kings in times of peace so that by this they might be more ready and more cheerful to serve them in all dangers and emergencies   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3642,"EventTxt":"Diodotus  one of Alexander Balas  commanders  who later was made king and assumed the name of Tryphon  noticed the alienation of the soldiers from Demetrius  He was born at the citadel of Sceoan in the Apamian s country and raised at Apamia  APC IMa        Strabo       p     Livy           Josephus       c     Appian  Syriac  p      Tryphon went to Elmalchuel the Arabian  who was entrusted with the education of Antiochus  the son of Alexander Balas and told him all Demetrius Nicator had done and the differences between him and the soldiers  He urged him very much to give him the young child and he would undertake to establish him in his father s kingdom  The Arabians were opposed to this and he stayed there many days  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3643,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Demetrius Nicator supposing himself secure and out of harm  executed anyone that appeared to oppose him using unusual kinds of death  Lasthenes  who was a wicked and rash fellow and appointed over the whole kingdom  corrupted Demetrius by his flattery and put him up to all kinds of villany   Diod  Sic  in Excerptis Vales  p","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3859,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3859b AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3644,"EventTxt":"Jonathan sent ambassadors to Demetrius and asked him to remove his garrison soldiers from the tower of Jerusalem and all other forts because they continued to attack the Israelites  Demetrius replied that he would grant Jonathan his request and would also make him and his nation glorious when he had convenient time  For the present  he desired Jonathan to send him some soldiers to help him against his own soldiers who had revolted from him  Jonathan quickly satisfied his request and sent to him in Antioch   strong men for whom the king was thankful  APC I","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:41-44","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3860a AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3645,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was well supplied with foreign forces in whom he placed greater confidence than in his own  He commanded them to disarm the citizens of Antioch  However the people of Antioch refused to surrender their arms and assembled into the middle of the city and began to attack him in the palace  The Jews hastened to his relief and dispersed themselves within the city  They killed on that day nearly     men  burned the city and took much booty  Thereupon the citizens laid down their arms and made peace with the king  The Jews received much honour for this service from the king and the kingdom  They returned richly loaded down with spoils to Jerusalem  APC I    cf  Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:45-52","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3860a AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3646,"EventTxt":"After the destruction of most of Antioch by the fire  the execution of many for sedition and confiscation of estates into the king s treasury  many of the citizens were forced to escape  From fear and hatred of Demetrius  they wandered about Syria and used every opportunity to avenge themselves on Demetrius  In the meantime  Demetrius  whose actions had made him odious to all men  continued in his massacres  banishments and confiscations  He far surpassed his father in cruelty   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p      Moreover  he lied to Jonathan  In spite of his flattery  he was alienated from him and afflicted him very grievously  APC IMa     He threatened also to wage war with him unless he would pay all those tributes which the country of the Jews paid his predecessors   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-145,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4569,"Dating":"3860a AM, 4569 JP, 145 BC"}
{"Index":3647,"EventTxt":"Finally  Diodotus  who is Tryphon  returned to Syria from Arabia with the young Antiochus who was the son of Alexander Bala and Cleopatra  the daughter of Ptolemy Philometor  He set the crown on his head and proclaimed him to be the rightful heir of the kingdom and surnaming him Theos or Divine  He returned with a large force many of which were discharged by Demetrius  He attacked and defeated Demetrius in a plain and forced him to flee to Seleucia  Diodotus seized his elephants and took Antioch  APC I    cf  Livy        Joseph        c          about the beginning   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:54-56","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3648,"EventTxt":"Then Antiochus or rather Diodotus in his name  sent letters and ambassadors to Jonathan and confirmed the high priesthood to him and granted him the   territories   Perhaps Ptolemais was added to the     See note on  b AM    APC IMa       He was honoured as one of the king s friends  He sent him also chargers of gold to be served in and gave him permission to drink in vessels of gold  to be clothed in purple and to wear the golden buckle  Moreover  he appointed his brother Simon general of all the king s forces  from the land of Tyre to the borders of Egypt  APC IMa         Jonathan was very glad for the favours and honours Antiochus had so bountifully bestowed on him and sent his ambassadors to Antiochus and his guardian Tryphon  He promised that he would be their friend and associate and join in arms against the common enemy  Demetrius  He complained about Demetrius  ingratitude in that he had repaid his civilities and courtesies with many shrewd actions and injustices   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3649,"EventTxt":"Since all Syria now began to dislike kings  Diodotus used Coracesium  a citadel in Cilicia  as his headquarters  He had the Cilicians join him in piracy at sea   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3650,"EventTxt":"Demetrius stayed at Laodicea and spent his time idly in revelling and luxury  He did not change his wicked ways and was none the wiser for his recent calamities   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3651,"EventTxt":"At this time Ptolemy Euergetes the second or Physcon was made king at the palace at Memphis  according to the solemn rites of the Egyptians  Queen Cleopatra  who was both sister and wife to him and his brother Philometor  bore him a son  He was so exceeding joyful by this that he named him Memphites because he was born while his father was observing the holy solemnities at Memphis  However  during the celebration of his son s birth  he did not refrain from his cruel practices but set orders to execute some of the Cyrenians  They were the ones who first brought him into Egypt  They had been too free and sharp in reproving him for his courtesan  Irene  the prostitute   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3652,"EventTxt":"When Jonathan had received permission from Antiochus to wage war against Demetrius  captains  he assembled his soldiers from Syria  Phoenicia and other places  He quickly crossed all the cities located beyond the Jordan River  With all his Syrian auxiliaries  he marched to Askelon where the citizens went out to meet him very honourably  He left there for Gaza and he was denied entrance and the citizens shut their gates against him  Thereupon Jonathan besieged the city and plundered and burned its outskirts  These actions forced them to sue for peace  It was granted when they gave hostages whom Jonathan sent to Jerusalem  Jonathan then marched through the country as far as Damascus  APC I    Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:60-62","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3653,"EventTxt":"The princes of Demetrius came to Cades  a city of Galilee  and planned to draw Jonathan off from attacking Syria to help the Galilaeans  Jonathan marched against them and left his brother Simon behind him in Judea  He vigorously assaulted Bethsura for many days and after a long siege  forced them to surrender  He threw out Demetrius  soldiers and put in a garrison there instead  APC I          Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:63-66","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3654,"EventTxt":"Jonathan and his army camped by the Lake of Gennesaret  Early in the morning they came to the plain of Asor where Demetrius  forces attacked him  They had placed an ambush among the mountains  As soon as the ambush showed itself  the Jews feared they might be trapped and all killed  They all fled and left Jonathan in great danger  Only Mattathias  the son of Absalom and Judas the son of Calphi  the two chief commanders of the army remained with him with a band of   very brave men  First  Jonathan begged for God s help  Then he and the men charged the enemy and defeated them  When those that had deserted Jonathan saw that the enemy was fleeing  they returned again into the field and pursued the enemy to their own camp as far as Cades  About   of the enemy were killed that day  Jonathan returned to Jerusalem   APC I    Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 11:67-74","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3655,"EventTxt":"Jonathan saw that things were now going well and sent Numerius  son of Antiochus and Antipater  son of Jason  as ambassadors to Rome  to confirm and renew the alliance and association which was formerly started with Judas Maccabeus  APC IMa       He ordered them that on their return home from Rome  they should visit the Lacedemonians and to remind them of the alliance and ancient league made with the high priest Onias the  rd  He sent a letter for the same purpose wherein the people of Judea among other things  said they continually remembered them as their own brethren when they made their holy sacrifices and devotions   APC IMa          Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3656,"EventTxt":"Jonathan got word that Demetrius  commanders had returned with a far larger army than they had before to fight against him  He left Jerusalem and marched against them in the country of Amathis that is located in the farthest borders of Canaan  When he camped within   miles of the enemy  he sent out his scouts to spy on the enemy s position and fortifications  Jonathan  had learned by some prisoners whom the scouts had brought back that the enemy planned a surprise attack on them  He ordered his soldiers to stand with their arms all night in a position to receive the enemy attack  He placed his guards throughout the camp  When the enemy heard that Jonathan was drawn up in battle array and was prepared for their attack  they began to be afraid  Thereupon  they stole away secretly by night and left campfires throughout the camp to deceive the Jews  In the morning Jonathan pursued them but was unable to overtake them for they had already crossed the Eleutherus River  Therefore  Jonathan went into Arabia against the Zabadeans or Nabatiaus  as Josephus has it and killed them and took their spoil  From there he went to Damascus and travelled through the whole country hunting and chasing the followers of Demetrius  His brother Simon was not idle either  He made an expedition as far as Askelon and the adjacent garrison  From there he went to Joppa and captured it  He put his garrison of soldiers in it to hold it  There was a rumour that the citizens planned to turn that garrison over to Demetrius  party  APC I    Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:24-34","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3657,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Jews were brought into the senate where they renewed their amity and league with the Romans  They gave them letters for the governors of their various allies that they should conduct them safely to Judea  APC IMa       On their return home  the Lacedemonians treated them very civilly and gave them the public decree concerning the renewing of their amity and preserving friendship between them  A copy of this is found on another occasion in APC IMa        vv Numenius son of Antiochus and Antipater son of Jason  the Jews ambassadors came to us to renew the friendship that was between us  It pleased the people to receive the men honourably and to enter a copy of their embassy among the public records so that the people of the Lacedemonians might have a memorial of this","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3658,"EventTxt":"As soon as Jonathan came back to Jerusalem  he assembled the elders of the people and consulted with them about the building of forts in some convenient places of Judea  He also wanted the wall around Jerusalem built up and an high and strong wall made between the fort of Sion and the city to prevent any one from carrying provisions from the city to the fort  They began their repairs and they brought their new work to join with the remains of the old wall towards the east  by the brook Kidron  They repaired the place which was called Chaphenatha  Simon went into other places of Judea and built Adida in Sephela or the plain and made it strong with gates and bars  APC I","YearBCAD":-144,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:35-38","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3860,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4570,"Dating":"3860b AM, 4570 JP, 144 BC"}
{"Index":3659,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the account of the contracts  in the reign of Demetrius  the Jews in Jerusalem and Palestine wrote to the Jews in Egypt about the keeping of the feast of tabernacles in the month Chisleu  APC    This was the feast of the Maccabee s dedication which was observed according to the prescript of the Mosaic feast of tabernacles in the month Tisri   See note on  a AM","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:7-9","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3660,"EventTxt":"When Tryphon had planned to kill Antiochus  he feared that Jonathan would come to the defence of the young king  He marched with his forces to Bethsane  which the Gentiles call Scythopolis  and hoped to surprise him  When Jonathan heard of his coming  he marched toward him with     good men  This so disheartened Tryphon that he did not lay hands on him but treated him very nobly and recommended him to all his friends  He gave Jonathan many presents and ordered his soldiers guard Jonathan as they did for him  After the meeting  he persuaded Jonathan to dismiss his army and go along with him to Ptolemais with a few selected men  He promised to turn it over to him along with the other garrisons and forces he had in the area  Jonathan believed him and sent   of his soldiers to Galilee and the rest to Judea  He kept   for himself  As soon as he entered Ptolemais  Tryphon commanded the gates to be shut  Jonathan was captured and all that came with him were killed  Tryphon was not satisfied with the massacre of those   but sent his army and some cavalry into Galilee to attack the  en that Jonathan had sent there  However  as soon as they heard of what happened at Ptolemais  they prepared for battle  Tryphon s soldiers knew they were dealing with desperate men and retreated back again  So Jonathan s soldiers came safely into Judea and all Israel lamented that loss of their country men with a great lamentation  APC I","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 12:39-52","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3661,"EventTxt":"After this  Tryphon raised a large army to attack Judea and to destroy it  Thereupon  when Simon saw how discouraged the people were  he went up to Jerusalem  He assembled the people and offered to help them  So they chose him as general in the place of Judas and Jonathan  his brothers  He gathered all the men of war  quickly completed the walls of Jerusalem and fortified it on every side  He spent large sums of money from his own purse and armed all the men of war of his own country and paid them  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3662,"EventTxt":"In addition  Simon sent Jonathan the son of Absalom  with a sufficient army to Joppa  He drove out the inhabitants and occupied and fortified the place  He used this as his sea port  APC IMa           From this Strabo also has noted that the Jews used this harbour         p","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3663,"EventTxt":"Tryphon left Ptolemais with his army against Judea and took Jonathan along with him as his prisoner  Simon was camped in Adida opposite the plain  Tryphon saw that the Jews were prepared for battle  He pretended that he kept Jonathan prisoner for a ransom of   talents of silver  When this was paid  he promised to release Jonathan provided that he sent two of his sons as hostages for security from Jonathan s attempting to revenge his imprisonment after he was freed  As soon as Simon sent both the money and his brother s sons to him  Tryphon broke his word  APC I","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:12-19","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3664,"EventTxt":"When Tryphon marched against Judea  he went toward the way which leads to Adoram or Doran  which is a city of Idumea  as Josephus has it  However  Simon s army followed him wherever he went  Those that were in the fort Sion at Jerusalem sent to Tryphon some agents  asking very earnestly to hurry as fast as he could through the desert and to supply them with food  Tryphon was all ready with his cavalry for the expedition  However  there happened to be such a large snowfall that night that he could not possibly get to them  Thereupon he altered his journey and marched into the country of Gilead  As soon as he came near Bascama or Bascha  he killed Jonathan  After he was buried  Tryphon retreated back into Syria  APC I    Joseph        c      Jonathan lived   years and   months after the death of his brother Judas Maceabeus  He was the high priest for   years and a month or two","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:20-24","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3665,"EventTxt":"Simon sent to carry away the bones of his brother Jonathan and buried them at Modin  the city of their ancestors  All Israel lamented for him for many days  Simon built a monument over the sepulchre of his father and his brothers  It was very high and made of polished white stone  He built   pyramids all in a row  in memory of his father  mother  and his   brothers  He added to these a porch of large stone pillars on which he had engraved the picture of arms and ships  They were conspicuous to all that sailed by that way  APC I    Joseph        c      Josephus says this rare sepulchre at Modin lasted to his time as does Eusebius Caesariensis  in his little book pzei pw popikw onomatwn","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:25-30","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3666,"EventTxt":"The Romans and the Lacedemonians were very deeply grieved by the death of Jonathan  As soon as they knew through Simon s ambassadors that he was made the high priest in place of his brother  then they wrote to him in tables of brass concerning the renewing of the amity and league which they had formerly made with Judas and Jonathan  his brothers  APC IMa       The Romans considered the Jews  their allies  friends and brethren and went out to meet Simon s ambassadors in an honourable entourage   APC IMa      The inscription of the letters which the Lacedemonians returned by the ambassadors  to which they also annexed a copy of their reply sent previously to Jonathan  was this  vv The Magistrates and cities of the Lacedemonians to Simon the high priest and the elders and to the rest of the people of the Jews our brethren  greetings   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3667,"EventTxt":"The letters from the Romans and the Lacedemonians were read before the congregation at Jerusalem   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3668,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  Theos or the Divine  the son of Alexander Bala was murdered by his guardian  Diodotus or Tryphon  He bribed the Chyrurgions to kill him and to say that he died of a fit while they were cutting him  Tryphon began with his own country and seized first Apamia  Larissa  the Casians  Megara  Apollonia and the other neighbouring cities  From there he went on to invade the other part of Syria  He put the crown royal on his own head and made a great desolation in the country  APC IMa        Livy        Strabo        p     and Justin        c","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3669,"EventTxt":"When Tryphon had made himself king  he hurried to have his kingdom confirmed by the decree of the Roman senate  To accomplish this  he sent with his ambassadors to the Romans  a golden medal of victory that weighed     crowns  He did not doubt the success of his mission since he sent such a rich gift and since it carried the name of victory  His hopes were deluded by the subtilty of the senate  When they received the present  they ordered that instead of Tryphon s name  the title of the princely youth who was killed by Trypon s treachery  should by engraved on it   Diod  Sicul  Legat      He was not dismayed by this and caused money to be minted of which some pieces still exist  It had this inscription  BACIAEWC TPQFWNOC   TPQFWNOC AQTOKPATOPOS BACIAEWC  King Tryphon and Tryphon the Peasant King  After he had taken over the kingdom  he was bold enough to assume the title of king  He changed his old name from Diodotus to Tryphon   Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3670,"EventTxt":"Sarpedon  general of Demetrius  forces was defeated by Tryphon s army to whom the inhabitants of Ptolemais were allied  He retired with his soldiers into the Mediterranean country  As the victorious forces of Tryphon were marching along the sea coast between Ptolemais and Tyre  they were suddenly hit by a giant wave from the sea which rose to an incredible height and rushed with a great force upon the land  Many drowned  Some were pulled out to sea by the retreating wave and others were left dead in hollow places  The retreating wave left a great number of fish with the dead bodies  When Sarpedon s soldiers heard of this disaster  they quickly returned there and were very pleased to see the destruction of the enemy  They gathered up very many of the fishes and sacrificed them to Neptune  the deliverer before the gates of Ptolemais where the battle was fought   Strabo        p       Athenaus        c     from the History of Possidonius  the Stoick","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3671,"EventTxt":"Simon  the Jew s general and high priest  repaired the garrisons in Judea  He fortified them all around with high towers  great walls  gates and bars and supplied them all with provisions  His greatest care was to see that Bethsura would be well fortified  which was located in the confines of Judea and formerly had been the enemy s armoury  He put a garrison of Jews there to secure it  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3672,"EventTxt":"Simon saw that all Tryphon did was plunder everything  He sent a crown of gold to King Demetrius Nicator and requested from him that he would release Judea from paying tribute   APC I","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:34-37","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3673,"EventTxt":"Demetrius heard that Simon s ambassadors were entertained very nobly by the Romans and that the Jews and the priests had passed a right of the government and high priesthood to Simon and his heirs  Demetrius also also confirmed the high priesthood to him and made him one of his friends  APC I   He wrote a letter to him  vv King Demetrius to Simon the high priest and friend of the king and to the elders and country of the Jews  greetings","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:38-41","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3674,"EventTxt":"In this  he made a peace with them  He promised an amnesty for all past actions  a ratification of all former covenants that were made to Jonathan  APC IMa         a grant of all the forts to them which they had built  He granted a release of tribute to all in general and of the custom taxes arising from commodities sold to those of Jerusalem  Thus was the yoke of the heathen taken off from Israel  in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  The people began to date their instruments and contracts  vv In the first year that Simon being the great high priest general  and leader of the Jews   APC I   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:35-42","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3675,"EventTxt":"In those days Simon besieged the Gazeans  who rebelled after Jonathan died  He compelled them to a surrender after he had forced the tower with his battering engines  They humbly asked for his pity and he did not kill them but drove them out of the city  After he had cleared the houses of all their idols and other uncleannesses  he entered the city and praised God with hymns  He repopulated the city with those that worshipped the true God  He fortified it and built a house in it for himself  APC I","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:43-48","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3861,"JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3861 AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3676,"EventTxt":"Hipparchus observed the  th autumnal equinox in the  th year of the Calippic period  on the  th day of the Egyptian Additionals  September  th  at evening about sunset   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3862a AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3677,"EventTxt":"Alexandra  who was later the queen of the Jews  was born at this time  if she lived   years according to Josephus   Antiq        c  ult   This is also found in the  rd chapter of the Jewish History which is printed at the end of the Paris Bibles in many languages under the title of the second book of the Maccabees  In Arabic we find she was called  Salina  from Eusebius in his Chronicle  Epiphanius in the  th heresy of the Nazarens  Jerome on          and Severus  Sulpitius  in Sacr  Histor          Eusebius seems to have taken it as was his practice  from Julius Africanus and he from Justus Tiberiensas or some other ancient writer of the affairs of the Jews","YearBCAD":-143,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Da 9:1-17","BibBk1":"Da","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4571,"Dating":"3862a AM, 4571 JP, 143 BC"}
{"Index":3678,"EventTxt":"When the garrison soldiers of the fort at Jerusalem surrendered after being deprived of all provision for two years of time  Simon expelled them all and cleared the fort of all the pollutions of the idols  He went into it on the  rd day of the second month  Ijais  in the  st year of the kingdom of the Greeks with branches of palms  harps  cymbals  vials  hymns and songs  He ordained this day as an holy day to commemorate the day they were freed from a wicked enemy who troubled them greatly when they went to the temple  Moreover  he made the fort stronger than it was and the temple mount over which it overlooked  This was for the greater security of the country and the city  He lived there with his troops  APC I","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 13:49-53","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3679,"EventTxt":"Simon knew that his son John  surnamed later Hyrcanus  was a very valiant man and appointed him captain of all his forces while Simon lived in Gazara APC IMa     in the confines of Azotus  where the enemies formerly lived  Simon had dislodged them and repopulated the place with Jews  APC IMa       This was Gadara which Strabo says the Jews later made their own         p","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3680,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  Ptolemy Philometor s daughter and Demetrius Nicator had a son  Antiochus  surnamed later Grypus  from his hook nose  This event happened if he lived   years as Josephus states         c","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3681,"EventTxt":"Two hours before midnight  Hippachus observed an eclipse of the moon in Rhodes  in the  th year of the third Calippic period  of Nabanassar s    on the  th day of the Egyptian Tyb  January  th    Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3682,"EventTxt":"When Demetrius knew that most of his cities had revolted from him  he thought to remove this reproach by fighting against the Parthians  At that time  the Parthians were ruled by Mithridates  son of King Pampatius  called Arsaces or Arsacides  This was the common name of all the Parthian kings  He was not inferior to Arsaces  his great grandfather and the founder of the Parthian monarchy from whom that surname was passed to all his successors  By his prowess  Mithridates extended the Parthian empire from the east side as far as the Indus River and from the west as far as the Euphrates River   Justin        c        c        Oros        c      Before we discuss Demetrius  Parthian expedition  we shall show how Mithridates obtained his vast dominion","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3683,"EventTxt":"At that time when Mithridates began to reign over the Parthians  Eucratides became ruler of the Bactrians  They were both gallant men but good fortune was on the side of the Parthians  Under the rule of Mithridates  he led them to the highest pinnacle of sovereignty  The poor Bactrians were involved in wars which eventually led to the loss of their dominions and liberty  After the Sogdians  the Arachats  the Dranganites and the Indians  had well weakened them by their continual wars with them  the feeble Parthians attacked them and overcame them in this weakened state   Justin        c      Arsaces or Mithridates followed up on his victory as far as India and found no difficulty in subduing the country  where Porus of old had reigned and the other countries lying between the Hydaspes and Indus Rivers   Diod  Sicul  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Oros        c      These Bactrians were the survivors of the Greeks  who had taken Bactriana from the kings of Syria  the successors of Seleucus Nicator  They also seized Ariana and India  They controlled Pattalena and all the sea coasts along with the kingdom of Tessariostus and of Sigartis  Apollodorus  against the common opinion indeed  affirms in his book of the Parthian Affairs  that they were masters of a greater part of India more than Alexander and his Macedonians were  He added moreover that Eucratides had in India under his own jurisdiction   cities   Stra        p             p      Eucratides was always at war  for he was engaged in many  and behaved himself with much prowess  When he was worn out with constant warfare  he was closely besieged by Demetrius  king of the Indians  Although he had not more than   soldiers with him  he wasted an enemy army of     by his daily sallies against them  When he gained his freedom in the  th month  he subdued all India under his command  On his journey homeward  he was killed by his own son  whom he had made viceroy in the kingdom  His son did not try to hide his actions but drove his chariot through the blood and commanded the dead body to be cast aside into some place or other and left unburied as if he had slain an enemy and not murdered his father  While these things were happening among the Bactrians  a war started between the Parthians and the Medes  The initial conflicts were indecisive but at last  the Parthians got the upper hand  Mithridates was strengthened by this victory and appointed Bacasis over Media while he marched into Hircania  As soon as he returned from there  he fought and defeated with the king of the Elymites and annexed that country to his other dominions  By his various conquests  he enlarged his dominion of the Parthians from the mountain Gaucasus as far as the River Euphrates   Justin        c      After he had defeated Demetrius Nicator s general  he invaded the city of Babylon and all its regions   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3684,"EventTxt":"The Greeks and Macedonians of the upper provinces did not like the insolence of those strangers  the Parthians  They often sent embassies to Demetrius Nicator and promised that if he would come to them  they would yield to him and join with him in fighting Arsaces the king of Persia and Media  Encouraged by this  Demetrius hurried to them  In the  nd year of the kingdom of the Greeks  he assembled all his forces and marched into Mesopotamia  He thought that he would soon have Babylon and Media and that with the help of the upper provinces he could easily expel Tryphon from Syria  When he arrived in those parts  he was quickly joined by the auxiliaries of the Persians  Elymites and Bactrians and defeated the Parthians many times  At last  he was out smarted by one of Arsaces  nobles  On the pretence of concluding a peace  he was sent to capture Demetrius  He was surprised by an ambush and after he lost his whole army  he was captured alive  They led him through the streets of the city and showed him to the people who mocked him  Finally he was imprisoned under tight security  APC I   Joseph        c     fin  Justin        c             c      Gorgius Syacellus adds that he was kept in Troas and from that occasion was surnamed Siderites","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:1-3","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3685,"EventTxt":"Although Arsaces was in control of such a vast dominion  he did not succumb to luxury and pride  which was the usual practise of most princes  He acted with a great deal of clemency toward his subjects and valour against his enemies  When he had brought various countries under his command  he selected from each of them  the best institutions and laws and gave them to his Parthians   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Balesii  p      Demetrius who was sent away into Hireania was treated with respect too  Arsaces gave him his daughter for a wife and promised to restore to him the kingdom of Syria which Tryphon had taken from him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":38,"EventTxt":"c      However  Appian writes that Demetrius lived at Pharaates  court  the brother and successor of Mithridates and married his sister Rhodoguna   in Syriacus  p","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3686,"EventTxt":"In the  nd year of the kingdom of the Greeks  on the  th day of the  th month EM  about the end of the  rd year of Simon s high priesthood after the death of his brother Jonathan  a large assembly was held of the priests  the people and the rulers and elders of the country  A notice was published that said how well Simon had served the Jewish people and the right of sovereignty was granted to him and his posterity  He should be their governor and have control over those that managed the temple  over the governors in the country  over the commanders in the army and the captains of the garrisons  He also should have the charge of the holy things and should be obeyed by all men  All contracts in the country should be signed in his name  He should be clothed in purple and wear gold  It should not be lawful for any of the priests or the people to repeal any of these decrees or contradict anything he spoke or to hold any assembly in the country without his permission  No one should wear purple or use the golden buckle  Simon accepted this and was quite contented to execute the high priest s office and to be general and commander of the Jews  the priests and the rest of the people  Then they commanded this writing to be put in tables of brass and to be hung on the pillars in the porches of the temple in a public place  A copy of this should be kept in the treasury of the temple so that Simon and his sons might have them  APC I","YearBCAD":-142,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:26-49","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3862,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4572,"Dating":"3862b AM, 4572 JP, 142 BC"}
{"Index":3687,"EventTxt":"The soldiers grew weary of Tryphon s conduct and revolted from him to Cleopatra  the wife of Demetrius Nicator  At that time she was confined with her children in Seleucia  She sent to Antiochus  the brother of Demetrius  her husband  who was a prisoner  and offered to marry him and give him the kingdom  She did this partly by the advice of her friends and partly because she feared lest some of the Seleucians would surrender the city to Tryphon   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >       Cleopatra     wife of Demetrius Nicator  offers to marry and give the kingdom to Antiochus  the brother of Demetrius  her imprionsed husband","YearBCAD":-140,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3864,"JulPer":4574,"Dating":"3864 AM, 4574 JP, 140 BC"}
{"Index":3688,"EventTxt":"Josephus  Antiq        c            c      calls this Antiochus  son of Demetrius Soter  the pious  because of his religion  In Josephus         c      he calls him by his father s surname  Soter  In Trogus  he is called Pompeius  in prolog         and in Eusebius  in his Chronicles   Sidetes or Sedetes  This is either from his great love of hunting  which in Syriac is hryc  as Plutarch thinks or from the city Sidon from where  as Georgius Syncellus writes  he came to besiege Tryphon  Justin relates that at first he was brought up in Asia and by his father Demetrius Soter and entrusted with his older brother Demetrius Nicator to an host at Cnidos   Justin        c          c      Appian writes  how that he was received at Rhodes and from the islands of the sea  He was told the news of his brother s confinement and what happened after   in Syriac  p      We read also in APC IMa       that after he had assumed the title of king  he wrote letters to Simon the high priest and ruler and to the whole country of the Jews","YearBCAD":-140,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3864,"JulPer":4574,"Dating":"3864 AM, 4574 JP, 140 BC"}
{"Index":3689,"EventTxt":"In these letters  he complained much of the harsh treatment he received from his enemies and showed that he was now ready to avenge himself lest he seem to be a king in name only  He wanted to make Simon his friend and he confirmed to him all the immunities and privileges which other kings had granted  He added the right of coining money with his own stamp  Moreover  he decreed that Jerusalem should be exempted from being under the king s jurisdiction and promised also that he would confer more and greater favours as soon as he was in possession of his kingdom   APC I","YearBCAD":-140,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 15:3-9","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3864,"JulPer":4574,"Dating":"3864 AM, 4574 JP, 140 BC"}
{"Index":3690,"EventTxt":"Numenius  the son of Antiochus and some other ambassadors came to Rome from Simon the high priest and the people of the Jews about renewing their league and amity with the Romans  They brought with them a great shield of God of a thousand pounds weight  The present was well received and Lucius the consul gave them letters to the kings and to the provinces  They were prohibited from attempting anything which might prejudice the Jews or help any of their enemies  If at anytime any renegade Jews should flee from Judea and come into their parts  they should turn them over to Simon the high priest to be prosecuted according to the laws of their country  APC I","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 14:1-49","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3691,"EventTxt":"Lucius was that same L  Calputnius Piso  the colleague of L  Popilius Laenas  who was sent into Spain against the Numantines  Concerning his consulship  Valerius Maximus         c      said  VV P  Cornelius Hispalus the praetor for visitors  when Popilius Lanas and L  Calpurnius  were consuls  commanded by his edict all Chaldeans to depart from the city and Italy within   days whose profession was by their false interpretation of the influence of the stars  to cast  through their lies  mists on vain and foolish minds","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3692,"EventTxt":"Although Stephanus Pighsius  from Cassiodorus  Fasti Consulares  instead of the name Lucius  has written Cneus which is against the authority of the received manuscripts","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3693,"EventTxt":"Five kings received these letters  Ptolemeus Euergetes  nd or Physcon of Egypt  Demetrius Nicator of Syria  notwithstanding he was at this time  prisoner to the Parthians   Attalus Philadelphus of Pergamenine Asia  Ariatathes of Cappadocia  and Arsaces or Mithridates of Parthia    cities  countries  and islands received these letters also  Sampsama   or as in the Latin  Lampsacus   Sparta  Delos  Myndus  Sicyon  Caria  Samos  Pamphylia  Lycia  Halicarnassus  Rhodus  Phaselis  Cos  Sida  Aradus  Gortyna  Cnidus  Cyprus and Cyrene  APC IMa","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3694,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  Antiochus Sidetes returned to the land of his fathers   APC IMa      where he married Cleopatra  his brother s wife   Justin        c      She was upset at Demetrius for marrying Rhodoguna  the daughter to the Parthian king   Appian  Syriac  p      From this time  Antiochus reigned for   years   Porphyr    Euseb","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3695,"EventTxt":"Tryphon had a very small following for almost all his forces had defected to Antiochus  After his soldiers deserted him  he hurried to get into Dora  which was a maritime city of Phoenicia  Antiochus pursued him there and very tightly besieged the place so that no one could get in or out  He had an army of     foot soldiers with   cavalry and a fleet  APC I","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 15:10-14","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3696,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile  Numenius and his company came from Rome and brought with them letters to the kings and provinces and a copy of the same letters to Simon the high priest   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3697,"EventTxt":"Simon sent   choice men with silver and gold and many engines of war to Antiochus at the siege at Dora  He refused them all and broke whatever covenants he had previously made with him and made him his enemy  He sent Athenobius to demand of him the resignation of Gazara  Joppe and the fort in Jerusalem  He also wanted the tributes of those places beyond the borders of Judea which were possessed by him  In lieu of this  he demanded   talents of silver and in consideration of the harm he had done and the tributes of the cities  another   talents more  He threatened war unless all things were done according to his commands   APC I","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 15:25-31","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3698,"EventTxt":"Athenobius  a friend of the king s  came to Jerusalem  As soon as he saw Simon s glory  his tables set with gold and silver plate and other furniture of the house  he was astonished and told him the king s message  Simon denied that they had seized any towns that belonged to others and only had recovered from the enemy by law of arms some towns of their own which were kept back from them  As for Joppe and Gazara  in spite of the fact that the people had been much prejudiced by the enemy  he offered   talents  Athenobius returned back in a rage to Antiochus and told him both what he had heard and seen  Neither was the king less passionate when he saw that his commands were not submitted to  nor his great threat of war heeded    APC I","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 15:32-36","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3699,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Tryphon sailed and escaped to Orthosias which is another maritime city of Phoenicia   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3700,"EventTxt":"Then Antiochus made Cendebaeus the governor of the sea coast and gave him foot soldiers and cavalry  He was to build Kidron  or as the Latin edition has it  Gedor as in Jos      and to wage war on the Jews  The king pursued Tryphon   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3701,"EventTxt":"Cendebaeus went as far as Jamnia and began to invade Judea  He took prisoners and killed others  When he had built Kidron  or Gedor  he stationed there some cavalry and some companies of foot soldiers who were to raid the highways of Judea as the king ordered him to do   APC IMa","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3865,"JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3865 AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3702,"EventTxt":"John Hyrcanus came from Gazara and told his father Simon  what wicked acts Cendebaeus had done  Simon was now old and committed the war to his   oldest sons  Judas and John  Thereupon  they selected from the country      men of war and with some cavalry  they marched against Cendebaeus  They camped that night a Modin  their birth place  From there the next morning they engaged the enemy s powerful army  However  there was a brook between them  John waded across first and the rest of the people quickly followed  He divided his forces so that the cavalry was in the middle of the foot soldiers and they mutually protected each other from the enemy attacks  Then they sounded their holy trumpets and Cendebaeus was routed and many of his army were killed  Some fled to his fort of Kidron which he recently built and others escaped to other places  Judas  John s brother was wounded and could not give chase  However  John pursued them as far as the towers which were in the fields of Azotus  In the chase he killed about   men  When he had burnt the towers to the ground  he lead back his army safely into Judea  APC I","YearBCAD":-139,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 16:1-10","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3866,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4575,"Dating":"3866a AM, 4575 JP, 139 BC"}
{"Index":3703,"EventTxt":"Finally  Tryphon retired to his own country men at Apamea  Frontinus said this happened to him there         Stratagem  c      VV A  the way that he went  he scattered money on purpose to slow down Antiochus  soldiers in their pursuit of him and so he escaped from their hands","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3704,"EventTxt":"Josephus said that Apamea was taken by assault and Tryphon killed in the  rd year after Demetrius was taken prisoner by the Parthians         c      Appian wrote that he was at length taken by Antiochus and killed but not without much trouble   Syriac  p      Strabo stated that he was besieged in a certain citadel and driven to such extremities that he killed himself         p      Georgius Syncellus wrote that when he was driven from Orthosias  he leaped into the fire and died","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3705,"EventTxt":"Hierax  was general for the war in Egypt because he was a very excellent soldier and very popular with the people  He was ambitious and controlled the kingdom of Ptolemy Physcon  He saw that Ptolemy had little money and the soldiers were ready to revolt to Galaestes for lack of pay  He put down the rebellion by personally paying the soldiers  The Egyptians publicly despised the king when they saw how childish he was in his talk  how impudent and prone to the vilest jests and how effeminate he was   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  H  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3706,"EventTxt":"In that part of Asia where Pergamos is  Attalus Philadelphus  brother to Eumenes  grew so restless through long idleness and peace that Philopoemen  one of his friends  influenced him in any direction he pleased  Likewise  the Romans to mock him  would often ask of those that sailed from Asia whether the king had any interest in Philopoemen   Plutarch in    whether the managing of a commonwealth ought to be entrusted to an old man  that he would not leave his kingdom to any of his own sons  However  in his lifetime  he gave the kingdom to his brother Eumenes  son  whose guardian he was when he came of age   Id  in Apophthegm    in    prifiladelfiad","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3707,"EventTxt":"After the death of Attalus the uncle  Attalus who was surnamed Philometor  son to Eumenes by Stratonica  daughter of Ariarathes king of the Cappadocians  held the kingdom of Pergamos for   years   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3708,"EventTxt":"He no sooner became king but he marred the kingdom by killing his friends and going against his relatives  He pretended that at one time  his mother who was an old woman and at another time  Beronice his wife  had died by their enchantments   Justin        c      He was jealous of the best and most eminent of his father s friends  Lest they should engage in some treasonable act against him  he planned to kill them all  To that end  he selected from his barbarous mercenary soldiers  the most bloody and covetous of them and placed them in various private rooms in the palace  When he called together to court those of his friends whom he held in greatest suspicion  he turned them over to these barbarians who killed them  He immediately after this  ordered them to do the same to their wives and children  His other friends had either command of the army or were appointed over cities  Some of them he killed by treachery and when he found others  he beheaded them with their whole families  By this cruelty  he became detestable to his own subjects and to his neighbouring countries  Thereupon all under his dominion were anxious for a new king   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3866,"JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3866 AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3709,"EventTxt":"After this mad and furious fit was over  he put on a dirty garment let his hair and his beard grow as criminals use to do  He did not appear in public and would not show himself to the people  He did not entertain at home and seemed to be mad  He seemed to be haunted by the ghosts of those he had recently murdered   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-138,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3867,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4576,"Dating":"3867a AM, 4576 JP, 138 BC"}
{"Index":3710,"EventTxt":"When Attalus had resigned the government of the kingdom to his nephew  he took up gardening and growing herbs  He mixed good plants with poisonous ones  He made poisonous juices from these and sent them as rare presents to his friends   Justin        c      He planted hendoryenium which was used to make poisoned arrows  Also he studied to know the nature of their juices  seeds and fruits and to harvest them in their proper season   Plutarch in Demetrio   Varro   de re restic     I e      Colomella      I e      and Pliny        c      state that he wrote some books about husbandry","YearBCAD":-137,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3867,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4577,"Dating":"3867c AM, 4577 JP, 137 BC"}
{"Index":3711,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Sidertes attacked those cities which had revolted in the beginning of his brother s reign  When he had conquered them  he added them to his own kingdom   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-137,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3867,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4577,"Dating":"3867c AM, 4577 JP, 137 BC"}
{"Index":3712,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Euergetes the  nd  or Phiscon killed many of those Alexandrians who had first called him to the kingdom  He banished a large number who in their youth were raised with his brother Philometor  with whom he had had some differences and were now come of age  He let his foreign soldiers kill as they pleased and all places were daily stained with blood   Justin       c     Athen        c     fin   Moreover  he divorced Cleopatra herself  who was both his sister and wife  He first ravished her daughter  a virgin and then married her  These wicked deeds so appalled the people that for fear of death they left their country and went into exile  So many left that Ptolemy and his company were left alone in so large a city  When he saw that he was a king of empty houses rather than of men  he invited strangers by his edicts to live there   Justin       c      By this  he repopulated the cities and islands with grammarians  philosophers  geometricians  musicians  school teachers  artists  physicians and may other artisans  By teaching their arts to get their living  they made many excellent men  It came to pass that the liberal arts and sciences were again restored in those parts  Its knowledge was interrupted and advancement had been hindered by the continual wars that happened in the times of Alexander s successors   Athen        c     fin","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3868,"JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3868 AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3713,"EventTxt":"P  Scipio Emiliathus  who after the destruction of Carthage was called Africanus  Spurius Mummius and L  Merellus were made ambassadors by the Roman senate to see in what condition the kingdoms and cities of their allies were in and to settle their differences  They took a thorough survey of Egypt  Syria  Asia and Greece   Cicero  in Somnid Scipoinis  Strabo       p     Justin       c     Plutarch in Apothegm  Athen        c             c      Cicero in Lucullo wrote that Scipio was used in this famous embassy before he was made a censor but in Somnio Scipions  the same Cicero says that it was after he was censor and a little before his second consulship  Valerius Maximus states that this embassy was done after his two consulships and his two chief triumphs  the Carthaginian and Numantine         c      Polybius  who in a work described the Numantine war   as appears from the       of Cicero  ad familiar  epist      mentions this embassy  This we gather from Athen         c      and from Suidas in the word Bapos  compared with Diod  Sic  Legat     Polybius says that after he was part of that embassy  he was sent to settle the Numantine war  Given these   conflicting opinions  we thought it best to choose the middle one","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3868,"JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3868 AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3714,"EventTxt":"On this embassy  Scipio  took a friend along with him  He was not Calus Lelius  as it is read in the corrupt copies of Aurelius Victor   de viris illustribus c     but Panaetius the philosopher   Cicero in Lucullo  Plutarch in Apothgm  and in    de Philosophando cum Principibus  from Posidonius  History   To whom Athen         c      incorrectly adds  Posidonius the stoic  He lived long after him  Scipio had in his retinue only   servants according to Posidonius and Polybius  so that from them both Valerius Maximus who assigned   to him and Aurelius Victor  who allows    are to be corrected   Of those one died in the journey  Scipio did not buy another servant but wrote home for another one to be sent from Rome to replace him   Athen        c       Plutarch in Apothegm   As he passed through the countries of allies and strangers  they did not note so much his slaves as his various victories  Neither did they take note of the amount of weight in gold and silver he brought with him  but of the greatness of his reputation   Valer  Maximus        c","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3868,"JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3868 AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3715,"EventTxt":"Foreigners came to Alexandria on receiving Ptolemy Euergetes  proclamation  The ambassadors from Rome also arrived there   Justin       c      When Scipio came from the ship to land  he walked with his head covered with his cloak but the Alexandrians flocked about him and asked him to show himself for they wanted to see this great man  As soon as he uncovered himself  they shouted and made great acclamations   Plutarch in Apothegm","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3716,"EventTxt":"When the king came to meet the ambassadors  he seemed somewhat ridiculous to the Romans  He looked horrible  short in stature  swag belly and more like a beast than a man  This ugliness was made worse by the thin  transparent garment he wore as if to expose what modest men conceal  Justin from Trogus Pompeius         c      has described the man whom Athenaeus from the  th book of Posidonius the Stoic  has represented to us in this way         c      as Natalis Comes has described him  vv His body by reason of his luxurious living was grown gross and foul and his belly so big that a man could hardly compass him with his arms  This forced him to wear a long garment with sleeves down to his ankles  He rarely walked on foot unless at this time in respect to Scipio","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3717,"EventTxt":"Scipio saw that the king  because of lack of exercise could barely keep pace with him without greatly straining himself  He whispered in Panethius  ear  vv Now the Alexandrians have reaped some fruits from our travel here  who  in their civility to us  have seen their king walking   Plutarch in Apothegm","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3718,"EventTxt":"From this we see how well Dalechampius  who translated Athenaeus  has rendered those words  vv He never walked on foot  but leaned on his staff","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3719,"EventTxt":"The king entertained the delegates very well and showed them his palace and his treasury  Because they were virtuous  they were content with plain wholesome food and scorned that rich provisions as prejudicial both to the mind and body  Those things which the king esteemed as rarities and admirable  they only glanced their eyes on them and counted them as things of no value  They looked at things of real worth very carefully  They noted the location of the city and its industry and particularly at Pharos and what belonged to it  From there they sailed to Memphis and noticed the goodness of the country  the convenience of the Nile River  the number of the cities  the very large population and the fortifications of Egypt  They noted the wealth and goodness of the country  how well it was provided for in security and size  In brief  having sufficiently admired both the populousness of Egypt and the good locations of its cities  they thought that the kingdom of Egypt would easily grow into a vast empire if it were so fortunate as to have good leadership  After they had viewed Egypt well  they went to Cyprus and from there to Syria   Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3720,"EventTxt":"To Mithridates Euergetes king of Pontus was born that famous Mithridates  surnamed Dionysius or Bacchus and Eupator  Thereupon he called the city which he built Eupatoria   Appian  in Mithradat  p           He was both born and raised in the city Sinope and therefore held it always in high esteem and made it the capital of the whole kingdom   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3721,"EventTxt":"In the same year that Mithridates was born  there appeared a great comet   Justin        c      This is the very same one which Seneca speaks of in        c     of his natural Questions   vv In the time of Attalus  reign  there appeared a comet at the first it was small  Later it elevated and spread itself and came as far as the equinoctial circle  Its extent covered that region of the heaven which we call the Milky Way","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3722,"EventTxt":"We allow  with Eutropis         Orosius        c     who usually follow Livy  Mithridates  years of life  If we follow Appian   p      and say that he lived only   years or   years then this comet had appeared after Attalus was dead and not in his reign","YearBCAD":-136,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4578,"Dating":"3869a AM, 4578 JP, 136 BC"}
{"Index":3723,"EventTxt":"Simon the high priest and ruler of the Jews  visited the cities of Judea and provided for their orderly government  He came down with his sons  Mattathias and Judas to Jericho  in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks  the    th month  which is called Sabal  There Ptolemy the son of Abubus  Simon the high priest s son in law  entertained them in the citadel of Doc which he had fortified  Ptolemy was appointed by his father in law over the province of Jericho and was a very wealthy man who had wanted to take over the government of the country for himself  Thereupon  while he was treating Simon and his sons with a banquet where they had drank somewhat freely  he with his army of ruffians  whom he had placed in some secret place  entered the house and treacherously killed Simon  his sons and some of his servants  APC IMa          Josephus states that Simon was killed at a banquet by the treachery of his own son in  law  after Simon had ruled the Jews for just   years         c      However  we learn from the story of the Maccabees that Simon was high priest for   years and   months after his brother Jonathan died","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3724,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy immediately told King Antiochus Sidetes of this villainy and wanted him to send an army to help him  He would soon deliver the country and cities of the Jews into his hands   APC IMa     Since the king knew so quickly of this and the promise of getting the country for himself  it is suspected the king was in on this plot all along  The place of honour which the traitor wanted so much was prearranged by the king as a reward for this deed  Jacobus Salianes observed this in the epitome of his Annals  to which is to be referred that passage in the prologue of the  th book of Trogus Pompeius  vv After Hyrcanus was slain  Antiochus subdued the Jews","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3725,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus the son  was incorrectly written for Simon the father  On the contrary  Eusebius in Chronic  concerning the history of the conquest of Judea by Antiochus  wrote  vv He forced Simon the high priest to submit to conditions and wrote Simon the father  instead of Hyrcanus the son","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3726,"EventTxt":"This wicked Ptolemy sent his vile men to Gazara to surprise John Hyrcanus and to kill him  He tried to influence the captains of the Jewish army and wrote letters to them making generous promises to them if they would revolt  He sent others to seize Jerusalem and the temple mount  However  one ran ahead to Gazara and told John that his father and his brothers were killed and that others were coming to kill him  Although John was greatly shocked by the sad news  he killed the murderers by attacking them first  He was made high priest in the place of his father  APC I","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 16:19-24","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3727,"EventTxt":"Here ends the first book of the Maccabees  containing the history of   years which Josephus continues  He begins with an improbable account for he says that John Hyrcanus escaped in the very nick of time to the city and was received in by the people  He shut out Ptolemy who was attempting to enter in by another gate  After John had performed the holy services  he led his army from the city against Ptolemy and besieged him in the fort Dagon above Jericho  While John was endeavouring to take the fort  Ptolemy ordered to have brought John s mother and his two brothers who were with him in the fort  They were to scourge them soundly with whips and threatened to throw them down over the wall  unless he broke off the attack  John was touched by their plight and started to lose his resolve  His mother very resolutely exhorted the son not to stop from his love of her but to do what he could to take vengeance on the traitor  He stopped his batteries as often as he saw his mother being whipped  Since the sabbatical year was approaching in which the Jews rested from their works like on the sabbath  John lifted his siege and Ptolemy escaped  After he had killed Hyrcanus  his mother and his brothers  he fled to Zeno  surnamed Cotylas  who was the governor of Philadelphia   Josephus       of the war  c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3728,"EventTxt":"All of this Salianus  in the sixth Tome of his Annals  shows a great deal of variety  considering the persons  time and place   ad Ann  Mundi     s              s        He notes that in the sabbatical year  waging war  or besieging cities or building fortifications was not prohibited by the law of God  We add that this year indeed was the sabbatical year  but it began not after  but four months before Simon s death  That is in the beginning of the  th year of the account of the contracts as appears by the list of the sabbatical years kept by the Jews to their very times","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3729,"EventTxt":"After midnight  Hipparchus observed the vernal equinox in the  rd year of the third Calippic period  on the  th day of the Egyptian month  Mechis  beginning of March  th   At the end of the same year of the same period  he observed the summer solstice   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3730,"EventTxt":"In the end of the  th year of Antiochus Sidetes  reign and in the beginning of the first of Hyrcanus  Antiochus Sidetes  army invaded Judea and wasted the country  He forced Hyrcanus to retire to Jerusalem and then besieged it at   places  He divided his whole army into   brigades so that he might block all routes into the city   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3731,"EventTxt":"Scipio Africanus and the other Roman ambassadors travelled through very many parts of the world and generally were received with a great deal of affection and love  Wherever they came  they did their utmost to settle differences by reconciling some and persuading others to yield to what was just and fair  Those who were obstinate they forced to yield  When they met with any causes which were too difficult to be decided by them  they referred these to the senate  After they had visited various kings and countries and renewed their ancient friendship and alliance with all of them  they returned home  Those whom they had visited sent ambassadors to Rome and praised the senate for sending such men to them   Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3732,"EventTxt":"The siege of Jerusalem lasted a long time because of the strength of the walls and courage of the defendants  At last  on the other side of the wall  was a more level passage  Antiochus built   towers    stories high  He placed in them bands of soldiers and daily attempted to cross the walls  He also made a long wide double trench  so that the besieged Jews could not get out  However  the Jews made frequent sallies out  If at any time they found the enemy s camp unguarded  they attacked them  If there was good resistance  they retreated back to the city   Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3733,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus knew how the large number of people in the city would hinder his cause by consuming the provisions  He expelled the weaker ones from the city and only kept those that were able to fight  Antiochus would not allow them to pass  so they were forced to wander about the walls and many died from hunger   Josephus       c","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3869,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3869b AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3734,"EventTxt":"When the feast of tabernacles came  the Jews took pity on the ones around the walls and allowed them back into the city again  They also requested from Antiochus that he would respect their feast and stop the hostility for   days  This he did and also in very great pomp  He brought to the very gates of the city  bulls with gilded horns and gold and silver cups filled with all manner of spices  When he gave these sacrifices to the priests of the Jews and made a feast for the army  he returned to the camp   Josephus       c     Plutarch in Apothegm","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3870a AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3735,"EventTxt":"At the time of the rising of Pleiades  plentiful showers supplied the besieged with water  They were badly distressed before from lack of water  Also the sabbatical year was over and if the Jews were hindered from sowing their grounds  a famine would undoubtedly follow  Hyrcanus considered Antiochus  justice and piety and sent ambassadors to him  requesting him that he would give them permission to live according to the laws of their forefathers  Many of the king s friends urged him to demolish the city and to kill all the Jews because they were unsociable and distinct from all other countries in their laws  Failing that  they urged him at least to abrogate their laws and force them to change their manner of life  However  the king  who was of a high spirit and gentle in his behaviour  rejected their counsel and approved the Jews  piety  He commanded that the besieged should deliver up their arms to him  dismantle the city walls  pay all the tribute due from Joppe and the other cities outside of Judea and have a garrison stationed among them  On these conditions he would make a peace with them  They agreed to all the king s propositions  except the one of having a garrison among them since they avoided all business with strangers  In lieu of that  they chose to give hostages  among whom Hyrcanus  own brother would be one plus   talents  Of this   were paid immediately and the rest later  So the enemy removed the battery from the wall and raised the siege and freed the Jews of all charges   Joseph        c     cum Diod  Sic        in Bibliotheca  Photis  cod","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3870a AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3736,"EventTxt":"When Hyrcanus opened the sepulchre of David  which was the richest of all the kings  took from there   talents  Using this treasure  he began to employ foreign auxiliaries  which the Jews had never done before   Joseph     Belle    c           Antiq  c             c             c       Concerning this see Salianus  censure  Tom     of his Annals in the year of the World     Sect","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3870a AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3737,"EventTxt":"Matthias surnamed Curtius  the great grandfather to Josephus the historian was born in the first year of Hyrcanus Matthias  surnamed Aphlias the son of Simon Psellus  priest of the course of Joiarib  by the daughter of Jonathan the high priest  Josephus states this in the beginning of the book of his life","YearBCAD":-135,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4579,"Dating":"3870a AM, 4579 JP, 135 BC"}
{"Index":3738,"EventTxt":"When P  Africanus and Caius Fulvius were consuls  there arose a slave war  from the slaves in Sicily   Livy       Julius Obsequens  de prodigiis   It was started by Eunus  a Syrian slave  born in the city of Apemea  He was fascinated by magical incantations and juggling  He pretended to have received the knowledge of future events by the inspiration of the gods  This first appeared to him in his sleep but later when he was awake  Although he failed in many of his predictions  yet because he got some right by chance  nobody noticed his errors  His correct predictions were diligently noted and applauded  so that his name became famous  At last  he pretended to be mad while he observed the ceremonies of the goddess of Syria  He said that she had appeared to him in his sleep and promised to promote him to regal honour  He stirred up the slaves to appeal for their liberty and to take up arms by the command of the gods  To prove that this was no design of his but came first from the gods  he concealed in his mouth a nutshell  crammed with sulphur and fire  His breath caused him to send out a flash of fire as often as he spoke  This very miracle raised for him   men at first from the common people  He quickly had an army of     and broke open the prisons by force  Thereupon  Eunus was made king by his slaves  After he was crowned and his wife who was also a Syrian was proclaimed queen  he selected from the whole company  the wisest to be his council  He called himself Antiochus and his associates  the revolting Syrians  Those men succeeded so well that Cleon  another slave  was encouraged by this to raise an army also  He was born in Cilicia  not far from Mount Taurus and was an highway robber from his youth  However  he submitted himself to Eunus who made him his general  He had an army of     of his own soldiers  or as it is in Livy s Epitomy        This was done about   days after the first out break of the rebellion  The praetors were not able to quell it and it was turned over to C  Fulvius  the consul   Diod  Sic        in Photii  Bibliotheca  cod       Excerptis  H  Valesi  p        Livy       Floras        c      Eunus caused similar rebellions in other places and particularly at Delos   Diod  Sic         This island was a shopping place for slaves  Myriads were traded here each day  Insomuch  that it became a proverb  Merchant  put in here  display your slaves  you shall sell them all off immediately   Strabo","YearBCAD":-134,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4580,"Dating":"3870b AM, 4580 JP, 134 BC"}
{"Index":3739,"EventTxt":"Scipio Africanus  the other consul  marched into Spain to put an end to the Numantine war where King Attalus sent to him from Asia very expensive presents  We find this in Cicero s Oration  in the behalf of Dejotarus  Scipio accepted these gifts in the sight of all his army  Antiochus Sidetes did the same as appears in the Epitome of Livy s  th book  Though it was the fashion of other generals to conceal king s gratuities  yet Scipio said  he would receive the rich gifts which Antiochus Sidetes sent him in public court  He commanded moreover the treasurer to register them all in the public tables  so that he might have this money to reward the gallantry of his soldiers","YearBCAD":-134,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3870,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4580,"Dating":"3870b AM, 4580 JP, 134 BC"}
{"Index":3740,"EventTxt":"Attalus Philometor was the last king of Pergamos in Asia  He dedicated himself to working in the art of brass  He decided to make a sepulchre for his mother  He was too intent on the work  he became sick from the exposure to the violent heat of the furnace and died on the  th day later   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3871,"JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3871 AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3741,"EventTxt":"Eudemus of Pergamos brought Attalus  will to Rome and gave Tiberius Gracchus  the tribune of the people  the crown and purple robes of the king of Pergamos   Plutarch in Tiber  Gracch   His will said  Let the people of Rome be the heir of my goods","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3871,"JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3871 AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3742,"EventTxt":"So that the people of Rome thought that the kingdom was part of the king s goods and held that province not by force of arms but by virtue of that will   Floras        c      By this will Attalus bequeathed to the people of Rome  Asia  if it really was bequeathed  so that it ought to be free   Livy        Indeed the Romans are charged with the counterfeiting of this will in Mithridates  letter to Arsacas  in the  th of Salust s History  Horace hints that they were not the lawful heirs to Attalus  Acron noted this in his notes upon the  th ode of the second book of verses  Neither have I as an obscure heir invaded Attalus  court","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3871,"JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3871 AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3743,"EventTxt":"Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus  desired to buy the favour of the people  He put though an agrarian law which was named after him as the Sempronian law  The land in Asia should be farmed out by the Roman censors  To that end he published a law to the people  It said that as soon as the money bequeathed by King Attalus was come  it should be divided among the citizens  who were by the Sempronian law  to rent the lands for farming and buy farming implements  He denied that the senate had anything to do with the cities of the kingdom of Attalus  He intended to refer them to an assembly of the people   Cicero  Verrin     Livy       Plutarch  in Tib  Gracch  Oros        c      Since an assembly of the tribunes was held that summer  it was moved that he might continue as tribune of the people for the next year  He was stabbed in the capital by the arrangement of P  Cornelius Nasica  the Pontifex Maximus   Appian  Bell  Civil        p      Scaevola and Pison were consuls   Ascon  Pedian  in Verrin      the same summer when Attalus died","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3871,"JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3871 AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3744,"EventTxt":"Aristonicus pretended to descend from the royal blood according to Vellius Paterculus  He was indeed the son of King Eumenes and the brother of the dead Attalus although not by lawful wedlock but by an Ephesian courtesan  the daughter of a Misitian  He invaded Asia to obtain the right of his father s kingdom  Most of the cities who lived previously under the king s government were easily persuaded to side with him  Those few who feared the Romans and opposed him  he took by force   Livy       Velles  Patercul        c     Strabo        p     Flor        c     Justin        c     Plutarch  sub  fin  Vita  T  Q  Flaminin  Appian  Bell  Civil        p       Mubridatic  p     Eutrop","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3872a AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3745,"EventTxt":"The first place which he made to revolt  was a little town called Leucas  However  he was soon expelled after losing a naval battle with the Ephesians near Cuma   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-133,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4581,"Dating":"3872a AM, 4581 JP, 133 BC"}
{"Index":3746,"EventTxt":"From there Aristonicus marched into the midland  where he assembled a numerous company of poor persons and slaves whom he incited to stand up for their liberty  He called them the Heliopolitans   Strabo        p      Wherever slaves lived under a hard master  they stopped serving him and ran away to Aristonicus  He defeated many cities   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p      Aristonicus first attacked Thiatira  then Apollonias and later the other garrisons   Strabo        p      He took Myndus  Samos and Colophon by force   Floras       c","YearBCAD":-132,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4582,"Dating":"3872b AM, 4582 JP, 132 BC"}
{"Index":3747,"EventTxt":"To stop him  all the cities around there sent their forces  Nicomedes king of Bithynia  Ariarathes of Cappadocia  Phylaemenes of Paphlagonia and Mithridates of Pontus brought their forces to the Romans against him  Moreover  five delegates came from Rome   Strabo        p     cum Justin       c       Eutrop","YearBCAD":-132,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4582,"Dating":"3872b AM, 4582 JP, 132 BC"}
{"Index":3748,"EventTxt":"This was the  th year under King Euergetes the second or Physcon  the start of his reign being from the time he began to reign with his brother Philometor   See note on   AM  >  Jesus  the son of Sirach who was born at Jerusalem came into Egypt and lived there  He translated the book of his grandfather Jesus  called by the Greeks  Panaretos and Ecclesiasticus  from Hebrew into Greek as he states in the preface to his translation  This very book  Jerome in his    th Epistle says he had seen in the Hebrew with this inscription  vv The parables of Jesus son of Sirach","YearBCAD":-132,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4582,"Dating":"3872b AM, 4582 JP, 132 BC"}
{"Index":3749,"EventTxt":"P  Rupilius was promoted from the position of a Sicilian Publican to the honour of consulship  He put down the insurrection of the slaves in Sicily   Livy       Ascon  Pedian  Verrin     Valer  Maxim        c             c      When he besieged Taurominium  he took as prisoner Comanus  Cleon s brother  as he was stealing out of the city  A little later at Sarapion  the Syrians betrayed the fort to him and he seized all the fugitives in the city  After he had racked them  he killed them  From there he marched to Euna  where he fought with Cleon the general  who marched out of the city to fight him  Cleon behaved himself very gallantly and received many wounds before he fell  As soon as the general was killed  that city also was betrayed to the consul  Eunus  the king of the rebels took along with him   of his men and escaped as fast as he could to the craggy mountains for his safety  For fear of the pursuers they hid in caves  From there he and four more of his company were dragged out and cast into prison at Morgantina  He lay there so long that his body putrefied and was infested with lice  This was a lamentable death but his rash actions deserved no better   Diod  Sic        in Photti  Bibliothec  cod","YearBCAD":-132,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3872,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4582,"Dating":"3872b AM, 4582 JP, 132 BC"}
{"Index":3750,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Antiochus Sidetes  about   o clock in the morning  on the  st day of the month Peritius or Begruary  there was an earthquake at Antioch in Syria  This is recorded in the Chronicles of John Malela of Antioch","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3751,"EventTxt":"When L  Valerius Flaccus and P  Licinius Crassus were consuls  it was proposed to the people whom they wanted to manage the war against Aristonicus  Crassus the consul and Pontifex Maximus threatened to impose a fine upon Flaccus who was his colleague in the consulship and a priest of Mars if he left the holy services  The people removed the fine  yet enjoined the priests to obey the Pontifex  For all that  the people would not consent that the managing of the war should be given to a private person  Although Scipio Africanus was the man they wanted  who the year before had triumphed over the Numantians  they voted that the war should be entrusted to Crassus the consul than to Africanus who was but a private person   Cicero  in Philippic      So the Pontifex Maxiumus left Italy for the first time ever   Livy","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3752,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Sidetes marched with his army against Phraates  who succeeded his brother Arsacides or Mithridates in the kingdom of Parthia  He intended to get back his brother Demetrius Nicator  Phraates had twice captured him as he was fleeing away and sent him back into Hircania to his wife Rhodoguna and his children  This was not from kindness toward them or respect of his own alliance to them  but because he aspired to the kingdom of Syria  Therefore he wanted to use Demetrius against Antiochus  his brother  as occasion should serve and the events of the war would require  Thereupon Antiochus thought it best to begin first  Therefore he led his army which he had already hardened in the wars which he had with his neighbours into Media against the Parthians   Justin        c                c     Livy       Athenaus        c             c     Appian  Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3753,"EventTxt":"As he lived so he waged war  He had      Orosius says      scullions followed his army of      Orosius says      men  Most of these servants were cooks  bakers and actors   Justin        c      Antiochus entertained constantly every day such a large number of guests that besides what was eaten at table and taken off by heaps  everyone of the guests carried away whole joints of meat untouched  They had meat from four footed beasts  birds  sea fish already dressed  Moveover there was provided many deserts of candied honey  many coronets of frankincense and myrrh with knots and ribbons of gold which being let down at length and were as high as a man   Posidon  Apameus  Historiar        apud Atheneus        c             c      The soldiers imitated his blind and mad excesses  They drove silver nails into the soles of their shoes and prepared silver vessels for kitchen service and adorned their tents with woven imagery  All this might rather seem a booty to encourage the enemy than be a means to retard and slacken the hands of a courageous man to pursue a victory   Valer  Maxim        c       Justin       c","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3754,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antiochus came into those regions  many of the eastern king s surrendered themselves and their kingdoms to him and cursed the insolence of the Parthians  He soon fought the enemy  Antiochus won three battles and was about to seize Babylonia  He became famous so that the Parthians had nothing left but their own country and the people generally defected to Antiochus   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3755,"EventTxt":"In this expedition  John Hyrcanus the Jew s high priest and ruler  followed Antiochus with his supplies  Concerning him  Nicholaus Damascenus tells this in his general history  vv Antiochus had erected a monument near the Lycus River where he defeated Indates  the Parthian general  He waited there for two days at the request of Hyrcanus the Jew  It happened to be the time of one of the Jews solemn festivals during which it was not lawful for the Jews to travel","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3756,"EventTxt":"It was the feast of Pentecost which happened after the sabbath  During this time the Jews were prohibited to take any journey   Josephus        c      When it was over  John defeated the Hircani and was surnamed Hyrcanus because of this as is supposed by Eusebius  Chronicle and Severus Sulpitius  in the second book of his Holy History  He returned home again with a great deal of honour","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3757,"EventTxt":"P  Crassus  the consul  came into Asia to put down king Aristonicus  By his studiousness  be became so expert in the Greek language that he knew it most exactly as it is divided into its five dialects  This earned him a great deal of favour and love among the allies when they saw him answer their requests in the very same dialect that they themselves had used   Valer  Maximus        c     Quintilian        c","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3758,"EventTxt":"When Crassus was preparing to besiege Leucas  he wanted a strong and large beam to make a battering ram for the walls of the town  He wrote to the chief carpenter of the Moleatenses who were confederates and allies of the Romans  He wanted the larger of two masts which he had seen there  sent to him  The carpenter understood what he wanted but sent the smaller of the two masts  He thought it more suitable for the purpose and easier to ship  Crassus ordered him to be sent for  When he had demanded why he had not sent the mast he asked for  he was not put off by his excuses and reasons and commanded him to be stripped and whipped  Crassus thought that all respect due to superiors would soon disappear  if a man might be allowed to reply to a command  not with the obedience which is expected but with an officious rendering of his own advice   A  Gell     I e","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3873,"JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3873 AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3759,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Sidetes divided his army into winter quarters through the cities because they were so numerous  When he expected the cities to provide free board for his soldiers and the soldiers were poorly behaved  these cities defected from him   Justin       c     Athenaeus  one of Antiochus  captains  was the most intolerably insolent of all no matter where he went to spend the winter   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3874a AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3760,"EventTxt":"P  Crassus  proconsul of Asia  had a very strong force and had troops sent to him from the kings of Bithynia  Pontus  Cappadocia and Paphlagonia  However  at the end of the year  when he fought with the enemy  he was defeated  After a great slaughter of his army  the army was forced to flee  He was captured near Leneas between Elea and Smyrna by an ambush of Thracians where Aristonicus had a number of troops garrisoned  The consul remembered from what an honourable family he had descended and that he was a Roman  He thrust the stick with which he used to guide his horse into the eye of the Thracian who had charge of him  He was enraged because of the pain and ran his sword into Crassus  side  Thus he died in a way that he avoided disgrace and servitude  His head was presented to Aristonicus and his body interred at Smyrna   Livy       Vellei Patarcul        Strabo           Valer  Maxim        c     Flo        c     Justin        c     Julius Obsequens de prodigiis Eutrop        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-131,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4583,"Dating":"3874a AM, 4583 JP, 131 BC"}
{"Index":3761,"EventTxt":"When M  Perperna  the consul who succeeded Crassus  heard of his death and the defeat of the Roman army  he went quickly into Asia  He surprised Aristonicus who was keeping  as it were  a holiday for his recent conquest and routed him since he did not have his forces with him  He escaped to Stratonice  where the consul followed and besieged the city so tightly that he forced it to surrender for lack of provisions  He took Aristonicus prisoner and kept him in bonds   Livy Patercul  Strabo  Floras  Justin  Oros  Eutrop  ut supra  Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3762,"EventTxt":"Belosius Cuma thought so highly of Tiberius Gracchus that if he had commanded him to set fire to the capital  he said he would do it with no regrets  After the death of Tiberius Gracchus  he went from Rome to Aristonicus into Asia  When he saw the reverse of Aristonicus  fortunes  he killed himself   Plutarch in Tib  Graccho","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3763,"EventTxt":"Just before the capture of Aristonicus  news came to Rome that the image of Apollo at Cuma wept for   days  The soothsayers were so appalled at this sign that they planned to throw the image into the sea had not the old men of Cuma interceded  The most expert soothsayers said that this sign showed the downfall of Greece from where that image was brought  Thereupon the Romans sacrificed and brought offerings into the temple   Jul  Obsequens  de prodigiis  Augustin  de Civit  Dei        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3764,"EventTxt":"Phrygia was recovered by the Romans   Jul  Obsequens  ibid","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3765,"EventTxt":"Phraates sent Demetrius Nicator into Syria with a company of Parthians to seize that kingdom  He hoped to draw Antiochus from Parthia and to save his own country  In the meantime  since he could not overcome Antiochus in battle  he endeavoured by all means to surprise him with stratagems   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3766,"EventTxt":"The cities  where Antiochus  army had taken up their winter quarters  were burdened with supplying quarters to the insolent troops  They revolted to the Parthians  On a set day  all of them attacked the army as it was dispersed in their various quarters  They placed ambushes so that they could not come to help one another  As soon as Antiochus knew of this  he marched to the relief of those that were next to him with that company which quartered with him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3767,"EventTxt":"The swallows built nests in Antiochus  pavilion  He ignored the prodigy and fought with the enemy   Jul  Obsequens  de prodig   He behaved more gallantly than Phraates  whom he met in the way  than his army did  At the end  his army deserted him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3768,"EventTxt":"The first man that deserted Antiochus  was Athenaeus  who fled to some of those villages which he had provoked them by his insolence when he was quartered among them  They shut their gates against him and was denied food by all  He was forced to wander up and down the country until he died from hunger   Diod  Sic  in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3769,"EventTxt":"Julius Obsequens      de prodigiis   Justinus         c         c      Josephus         c      Eusebius   in his Chronicle   and Orosius        c      state that Antiochus was killed by the Parthians in that battle  Appian stated he killed himself after losing the battle   in Syriac  p      Elianus said that after he lost the battle  he threw himself down headlong from a steep place         de Animal c      Some modern writers think he was stoned to death by the priests of the temple Nannea in Persia  where he came with the remainder of his army to plunder the temple  They think along with Rupertus Tuitiensis         de victoria Verbi Dei  c            that this was the same Antiochus of whom mention is made in the epistle of the Jews at Jerusalem to their brethren in Egypt  APC","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Ma 1:10-17","BibBk1":"Ma","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3770,"EventTxt":"Arsaces as Phraates was called by the common name of the king s of Parthia  buried the dead body of Antiochus  Posidonius of Apamea  in the  th book of his histories   according to Athenaus        c      states Phraates reproved his debauchery  vv Thy wine  O Antiochus and thy two great confidences have deceived thee  For thou hopest in thy large cups to have swallowed down the kingdom of Arsaces","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3771,"EventTxt":"After Antiochus  funeral was over which Phraates carried out in a royal manner  he was enamoured with Demetrius  daughter  whom Antiochus had brought along with him and married her  He began to regret sending Demetrius away  Therefore he quickly sent some cavalry to bring him back  They found Demetrius already established in his kingdom  so that the attempt was a waste of time and they returned back to the king   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3772,"EventTxt":"Antiochus and his army were defeated in Parthia and his brother Demetrius was freed from the captivity of the Parthians and restored to his kingdom  All Syria at that time bemoaned the loss of the army  However he seemed to think it a stroke of good luck and he could not have managed it better himself  One of them was taken prisoner and freed and the other was killed   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3773,"EventTxt":"After the death of Antiochus  the Jews never allowed a Macedonian king to be over them but created magistrates among themselves  They annoyed Syria with continual wars  Justin       c      and subdued many parts of Syria and Phoenicia   Strabo        c      After the death of Antiochus  Hyrcanus revolted from the Macedonians and never again sent them any supplies either as a subject or friend  At the first rumour of Antiochus  death  he led his whole army against the cities of Syria which he supposed and it was true  had few troops to defend them  He stormed Medaba which is mentioned in APC IMa       He captured it with some difficulty after a   month seige  He next conquered Samega and its adjacent towns   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3774,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Phraates resolved to start a war in Syria in vindication of Antiochus  attempt to take over the kingdom of Parthia  He was thwarted and called home to put down a rebellion of the Scythians  The Scythians were hired by the Parthians to help them against Antiochus  However they did not arrive with their supplies until the war was over  Hence the Parthians reduced their pay and justified it by saying they came too late  The Scythians were upset after they had marched so long for nothing  They asked that they might be given their pay because of their tedious march or that they might be given some other work to do  When the Parthians returned a rough answer which offended them  they started plundering the country   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3775,"EventTxt":"While Phraates was gone against the Scythians  he left behind him as viceroy  Himerus  an Hircanian by birth  who was highly favoured by him when he was a young man  Himerus forgot his former lowly position and that he was acting on the behalf of another  He instigated a great deal of tyranny and vexed the Babylonians and many other cities for no reason at all   Justin        c      He made many of the Babylonians his slaves and dispersed them with their whole families into Media  He set also the market place and some temples of Babylon on fire  He pulled down all the most beautiful places of the city   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p      Posidonius of Apamea also mentions the extravagant government of Himerus  in the  th book of his Histories   Atheneus        c      He stated that Lysimachus  a Babylonian  invited him and   more to supper  When the food was taken away  he presented everyone of those    the silver cup of four pounds in price  in which they had drunk from","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3776,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  Ptolemy Euergetes the second or Physcon had reigned for   years after his brother Philometor   Diod  Sic  shows in Excerpt  Valesii  p      His cruelty made him so odious to those very foreigners whom he had invited to Alexandria that they set his royal palace on fire  They stole away secretly to Cyprus with his son Memphites  whom his sister Cleopatra bore him and with his wife the daughter of the same Cleopatra  After this the people conferred the kingdom on Cleopatra  his sister and divorced wife  He hired an army and waged war against his own sister and native country   Livy       Jul  Obsequens de prodigus  Justin       c     Orosius       c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3874,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3874b AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3777,"EventTxt":"John Hyrcanus took Sichem and Garizim and demolished the temple of the Cuthites   years after it had been built by Sanballat   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3875a AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3778,"EventTxt":"M  Perperna was careful to have Aristonicus and the treasure which Attalus lost in his legacy to the people of Rome  shipped away from there  This action was ill received by Manius Aquilius the consul who was his successor  He immediately hurried to Perperna and intended to get Aristonicus from him  He thought Aristonicus belonged in his triumph rather than to Perperna  s  However Perperna  s death settled the matter  When he returned he took sick at Pergamos and died   Strabo        p     Valer  Maximus        c     Justin       c     Eutrop        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-130,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4584,"Dating":"3875a AM, 4584 JP, 130 BC"}
{"Index":3779,"EventTxt":"Aquilius the consul  completed the remainder of the Asian war  He forced some cities to surrender by poisoning their water supply  Although this made for a quick victory  it spoiled his reputation and made him dishonourable   Floras        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3780,"EventTxt":"Most of the Asians  who for   whole years had helped Aristonicus against the Romans  returned to their loyalty with Rome from fear   Sylla  apud Appian  in Mithridatic  p      Lydia  anciently the seat of the kings  Caria  Hellespont  and both Phrigia s by joint surrender  put themselves under the power of the Romans   Sextus  Rufus in Breviario","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3781,"EventTxt":"The Massilians sent their ambassadors away to Rome to mediate in behalf of their founders the Phoenicians  whose city and name the senate had ordered to be totally destroyed because they in the war with Aristonicus and formerly with Antiochus the great had fought against the people of Rome  The senate granted them their pardon   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3782,"EventTxt":"The Romans gave the greater Phrygia to Mithradates Euergetes king of Pontus  as a gift for helping them against Aristonicus   Justin       c             c      Although it is generally believed that Manius Aquilius was well bribed for his pains and gave it to him  Therefore after the death of Mithradates  the senate took Phrygia away from his son who was not of legal age  He complained in Trogus Pompeius about this  They made it a free and independent state   Appian  in Mithridatic  p                  Bell  Civil  p        cf  Justin        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3783,"EventTxt":"Aquilius with ten delegates  subdued Attalus  dominion into the form of a province and made it a tributary  They called it Asia after the name of the continent   Strabo        p             p","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3784,"EventTxt":"Ariarathes  king of Cappadocia  was slain in the war against Aristonicus and left behind him   sons by his wife Laodice  The people of Rome gave Lycaonia and Cilicia to them for their father s good service  Laodice was jealous of her sons and feared lest when they came of age  she would be deprived of the kingdom  She poisoned   of them but one young one escaped his mother s cruelty through the help of his family  He ruled after the people had killed Laodice for her cruelty   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3785,"EventTxt":"John Hyrcanus took Adora and Marissa which were cities of Idumea  When he had subdued all the Idumeans he had them circumcised under penalty of losing their country  They loved their native country and were circumcised and kept all the other Jewish laws  After this they were counted as Jews   Joseph  Antiq        c           c     p     cf        Bell  c     or c      Strabo relates that these Idumeans were originally Nabateans but were driven from there after some sedition  They joined themselves to the Jews and submitted to their laws   Strabo        p      He adds  that Herod the king of the Jews  came from there  virum indigenam  A stranger born   Strabo       p      Antigonus said he was an Idumean that is  an half Jew   Joseph        Antiq  c     p      For although Stephanus Byzantinus writes  in voc  gdoumaios  that the Idumeans were Hebrews originally  yet Ammonius the grammarian in his book de differentius verborum  from Ptolemy s first book  de Rege Herode   perhaps that Ptolemy who was Herod s lieutenant  Joseph        Antiq  c      had noted this difference between the Idumeans and the Jews  vv The Jews are such as were so naturally from the beginning  The Idumeans were not Jews from the beginning but Phoenicians and Syrians who were conquered by the Jews  They were compelled to be circumcised  to unite their country to the Jew s and to be subject to their laws  Therefore they were called Jews","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3786,"EventTxt":"They were called Jews not because of their descent but in regard of their religion and manner of life  For there were other men which were called Jews  though they were born strangers  because they lived according to their rites and constitutions  Diod  noted this in his  th book of his Roman History  Hence it is  that  from the Hebrews  the kingdom of Herod and his posterity is styled syrnh twkls  The Kingdom of the Proselytes  not Hagarens  as it is rendered by Munster in Seder Olam minore  and by Scaliger in Judaici Comput  Spic  legio        de Emendatione temporum   For among the Jews  the term proselytes of righteousness as they called them came to be used at this time of the Idumeans  These proselytes were always counted and given the same honour as other Jews","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3787,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Physcon recalled his oldest son from Cyrene and killed him  He feared the Alexandrians would set him up as king against him  Thereupon the people pulled down his statue and his images   Justin        c      Ptolemy thought that this was done by the instigation of his sister Cleopatra and did not know how to be avenged in any other way  Therefore he ordered his son Memphitis  who was a promising young child he had by Cleopatra  to be killed before his eyes  He had his head  hands and feet cut off and put them into a chest covered with a soldier s coat  He gave them to one of his servants to carry to Alexandria and to present them to Cleopatra on her birthday when she was in the height of her happiness for a birthday gift  This was a grievous and sad spectacle for the queen and the whole city  The whole merry mood of the celebration was changed and the court mourned this act  The nobles turned their festival into a funeral and showed the mangled limbs to the people to let them see what they themselves were to expect from their king  who had murdered his own son   Justin       c     Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Livy       Jul  Obsequens  de prodigus  Valer  Maxim        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3788,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy saw how detestable he had become in his country and feared the worst  He tried to secure his throne with more cruelty  He thought that if the common people were killed  his throne would be more secure  At a time when the common place of exercise was full of the young men  he surrounded it and burned it  Those that escaped the fire were killed by the sword   Valer  Maxim        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3789,"EventTxt":"Phraates led the army of the Greeks which he had taken in the war against Antiochus in his war with the Scythians  He behaved himself very imperiously toward them and did not consider the hostility toward him because of their captivity  He had exasperated them with new indignities  As soon as they saw the Parthian army give ground  they wheeled about to the enemy and executed the long desired revenge for their captivity  Phraates was killed and the Parthian army put to the sword   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3790,"EventTxt":"Artabanus  his uncle succeeded Phraates in the kingdom of the Parthians  The Scythians were contented with their victory and after they had pillaged the country of the Parthians  they returned home again  Artabanus had started a war with the Thogarii or Tochari  who were a people descended from the Scythians  He was wounded in his arm and died shortly after  He left for his successor his son  Mithridates the Great  Shortly after this Mithridates waged war with Ortodistes  the king of Armenia   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3791,"EventTxt":"At   o clock in the morning at Rhodes  Hipparchus observed the sun in Leo at   degrees  minutes and the moon in Taurus at   degrees   minutes  This was in the  th year of the third Calippic period  the  th day of the Egyptian month Epiph  August  th    Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-129,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3875,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4585,"Dating":"3875b AM, 4585 JP, 129 BC"}
{"Index":3792,"EventTxt":"Hipparchus observed the vernal equinox in the same  th year  on the first day of the Egyptian month Phamenoth   March  rd   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3876,"JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3876 AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3793,"EventTxt":"Hipparchus  in the same year observed the star in the heart of Leo   degrees   minutes from the point of the summer solstice   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3876,"JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3876 AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3794,"EventTxt":"Hegelochus  Ptolemy Physcon s general  was sent against Marsias the Alexandrian s general and captured him alive but killed his troops  When Marsias was brought into the king s presence  all believed the king would have given him a cruel death  but Ptolemy spared him  beyond all expectations  For he now began to repent of his previous bloody actions and was very desirous by such acts of grace to reconcile himself to the people who were extremely alienated from him   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3876,"JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3876 AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3795,"EventTxt":"After the days of mourning for her son were over  Queen Cleopatra saw that her brother  Physcon was marching against her and sent her ambassadors to ask for help from Demetrius Nicator  the king of Syria  He was her son in law  for Cleopatra the wife to Demetrius was the daughter of this Cleopatra and Philometor  She promised him that he should have the kingdom of Egypt for his trouble  In hopes of that prize  he marched into Egypt  and made his first attack on Peleusium   Justin        c             c     Porphyrius  in Gracis  Eusebianus Scaligers  p","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3876,"JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3876 AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3796,"EventTxt":"In this year  Alexander Jannaeus  son to John Hyrcanus was born  who was later the king of the Jews  He lived for   years  Joseph        c     fin   As soon as he was born  he fell out of favour with his father  For it is said that Hyrcanus enquired of God who appeared to him in his sleep about his successor  He was very solicitous on the behalf of Aristobulus and Antigonus whom he loved far more than the other brothers  God told him that Jannaeus would succeed him  He was much perplexed and he sent Alexander into Galilee to receive his education  He never allowed him into his presence as long as he lived   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3877a AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3797,"EventTxt":"About this time  Simon  the son of Dositheus  Apollonius  the son of Alexander and Diodorus  the son of Jason  were sent as ambassadors from Hyrcanus and the people of the Jews to renew their friendship and amity with the Romans  Faunius  the son of Marcus  the city praetor arranged a meeting of the senate for them on the  th of February  This was really in November  Julian Calendar  because of the mess the Roman calendar was in  It was ordered by a decree of the senate that Joppe and its parts  Gazara and the springs and the other cities which Antiochus Sidetes had taken from them  contrary to the decree of the senate  should be restored  It was further ordered that the king s soldiers should not travel through their country or through any country under their command  That whatever Antiochus had gained in that war should be set aside  That the ambassadors whom the senate sent should take care to see restored whatever Antiochus had taken away and to give an estimate of the damage the country had sustained in that war  That letters of commendation should be given to the ambassadors for the kings and free people so that they might return more safely into their country  Moreover  Faunius the praetor was ordered to supply the ambassadors with money from the common bank to provide for the needs of their journey home   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-128,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4586,"Dating":"3877a AM, 4586 JP, 128 BC"}
{"Index":3798,"EventTxt":"Hipparchus on the island of Rhodes observed the sun at   degrees    minutes in Taurus and the moon at   degrees   minutes in Pisces  This was in the  th year after Alexander s death and  st of Nabonasar  on the    th day of the Egyptian month Pharmuth  May  nd  in the morning at     AM   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3799,"EventTxt":"In the same year  on the  th day of the Egyptian month Payn  July  th  in the afternoon at     PM Hipparchus observed in the same place  the sun at   degrees   minutes in Cancer and the moon at   degrees   minutes in Pisces   Ptol        c","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3800,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Hyrcanus  high priesthood and reign  Alexander the son of Jason  Numenius  son of Antiochus and Alexander  son of Dorotheus  the ambassadors for the Jews gave the senate a vial and buckler of gold  valued at     crowns as a testimony of their ancient amity with the people of Rome  When the ambassadors had received letters for the free cities and kings to pass safely through their countries and ports  they returned home  A copy of this decree of the senate is in Josephus         c      for a different occasion  For Josephus had said before  that on Julius Caesar s letters  a decree was obtained giving permission to Hyrcanus the  nd to repair the walls of Jerusalem  which Pompey had demolished  I do not know through what oversight he joined this decree instead of the other which in no way concerned the repair of the walls of Jerusalem  Yet Josephus said that this was done in the  th year of Hycannus  high priesthood and reign in the month Panem  This occurred when as the acts themselves confirm this decree to be published in the Ides of December   which was on the Julian September and the Macedonian Hyperberetous   If Caesar had made that decree in favour of Hyrcanus the  nd  then the  th year of Hyrcanus should be written rather than the  th  Concerning his reign nothing at all should be noted because Josephus himself shows in the  th chapter of the same book that Gabinius had removed him as king and left him only in the high priest s office  Therefore  that decree should be referred to the  th year of Hyrcanus the  st when the Jewish country was still a free state and confederate with the people of Rome and not to the  th year of Hyrcanus the  nd  In his time  it was conquered and made tributary to the Romans","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3801,"EventTxt":"In King Demetrius Nicator s absence  the Antiochians first revolted because of his pride which was grown intolerable by his experiences with the cruel Parthians  Later the Apameans and the other cities of Syria were encouraged by their examples and revolted from him too   Justin        c      When Demetrius was told of this while he was in Egypt  he had to march back to Syria","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3802,"EventTxt":"When Cleopatra the Egyptian queen  had lost her best defender  Demetrius Nicator  she shipped all her goods and hurried to Syria to her daughter  Cleopatra the Syrian and Demetrius her son in law   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3803,"EventTxt":"Demetrius was detested by the Syrians  and by his soldiers  They sent to Ptolemy Physcon and asked him to appoint someone who descended from Seleucus  whom they might appoint as king over them   Joseph        c      He sent to them an Egyptian youth  the son of Protarchus a merchant  who was to seize the kingdom of Syria by force of arms  He made a very elegant story about how he had been adopted into the royal blood by king Antiochus  The Syrians would very gladly submit to any king whatever rather than live any longer under Demetrius because of his insolence   Justin        c      Porphyrius stated how that this youth was sent as the son of Alexander Bala  who alleged himself to be the son of Antiochus Epiphanes  The youth also called himself Alexander but the Syrians surnamed him Zabina because he was generally thought to be one of Ptolemy s slaves  whom he had purchased   in Grac  Euseb  Scalig  p      agybz  to speak the truth  among the Syrians  means both bought and redeemed This king was not ashamed of being bought  but always put on his coins this inscription  ALEXANDPOQ ZEBENNOQS BASILEWZ","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3877,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3877b AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3804,"EventTxt":"When this new king came with his numerous forces from Egypt  it is reported that the remains of Antiochus Sidetes  who was slain by the king of the Parthians  were sent to Syria in a silver coffin to be interred there  These were received with a great deal of reverence by the cities and King Alexander  This ingratiated him very much with the countrymen who truly believed that the tears he shed at the funeral were not fake but real   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-127,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4587,"Dating":"3878a AM, 4587 JP, 127 BC"}
{"Index":3805,"EventTxt":"Both the armies fought near Damascus and Demetrius Nicator was defeated  When he saw that he was almost surrounded  he withdrew from the battle and hurried to his wife Cleopatra at Ptolemais  However  she shut the gates against him  Since he was deserted by his wife and his sons  he fled with a very small retinue to Tyre and hoped for sanctuary in the temple   Justin       c     cf Josephus and Prophyrius  in the places above cited","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3806,"EventTxt":"Porphyrius stated that when Demetrius was denied entrance there he was killed as he was sailing to some other place  This was after   years of his reign after he returned from Parthia  Justin stated that he was killed by the command of the governor  as he was first landing  Josephus stated that he was taken prisoner by the enemy  They used him badly and he died in custody  Livy stated that his wife  Cleopatra  killed him         and so does Appian  in Syriac  p      Indeed  it is very probable  that he was killed at Tyre and she was an accessory  For doing this  the citizens of Tyre obtained its freedom and liberty either from her or from Alexander Zebinas to live according to their own laws  They derived from this very year  a new epoch of their times  This appears in Eusebius  chronicle  where the  nd year of Tyre is the same as the  nd year of the Emperor Probus which is the   JP  The judgment of Tyre inserted into the  th action of the council of Chalcedon was in the year after the consulship of Flavius Zeno and Posthumianus which is the   JP is reckoned as the  th year of the epoch of Tyre  Moreover  we find the city of Tyre in the inscriptions made by Grotius   p      honoured with the commendation of being the religion  the sacred  and the independent metropolis of Phoenicia","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3807,"EventTxt":"When Alexander Zibinas had control of that kingdom  he entered into league with John Hyrcanus  the high priest and things went very well with Hyrcanus during his reign   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3808,"EventTxt":"Manius Aquilius  the proconsul  returned in triumph from Asia on the third of the ides of November   August JP  This may be deduced from the fragments of the triumphal tables of marble  Concerning this  Mithridates in an letter to Arasaces   Salust  Historiar         stated  vv The Romans  unjustly pretended a will  that is King Attalus  will  and led Aristonicus  Eumenes  son  in triumph who had attempted to recover by force of arms  his father s kingdom","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3809,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterclus         c      intimated that Aristonicus was led in triumph by Manius Aquilius and later beheaded  He was strangled at Rome in the prison by an order from the senate   Strabo        p     Eutrop        Orosius       c","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3810,"EventTxt":"Manius Aquilius was accused of bribery and knew that he was guilty  He bribed his judges and so got off   Appian  Bell  Civil        p","YearBCAD":-126,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3878,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4588,"Dating":"3878b AM, 4588 JP, 126 BC"}
{"Index":3811,"EventTxt":"When M  Plautius Hypsaeus and M  Fulvius Flaccus were consuls  a large army of locusts in Africa were blown into the sea and washed ashore at Cyrene  This caused such an intolerable stench  that by reason of that noxious air  many cattle died  It is reported also  that     men died from the same infection   Julius Obsequens  de prodigiis  cum P  Orosio        c","YearBCAD":-125,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3879,"JulPer":4589,"Dating":"3879 AM, 4589 JP, 125 BC"}
{"Index":3812,"EventTxt":"Mithradates Euergetes  king of Pontus sent Dorylaus of Pontus and a man expert in military affairs  to Crete to hire foreign mercenaries  While he was there  a war was started in those regions by the Cnossii against the Gortynii  The Cnossii appointed Dorylaus as their general  who quickly ended the war  This was more from luck than skill  He was highly honoured by the Cnossii for his good service and he lived among them with his whole family  A little later he received news that Mithridates had died  Dorylaus was the great grandfather to the mother of Strabo the Geographer   Strabo        p                p","YearBCAD":-125,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3879,"JulPer":4589,"Dating":"3879 AM, 4589 JP, 125 BC"}
{"Index":3813,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of the account of the contracts  the Jews of Palestine and the elders of Jerusalem and Judas were about to celebrate the feast of the dedication of the cleansing of the temple of the  th day of the month Chisleu  They wrote to Aristobulus Ptolemy  Physcon s master who was descended from the family of the priests according to Aaron and to the Jews in Egypt that they should likewise keep the feast  APC  Ma       Rupertus Tuitiensis         de victoria verbi  c      thinks that Judas was the same Judas the Essean  whom Josephus notes   years after this to have foretold the sudden death of Antigonus  the son of John Hyrcanus  He seldom failed in his prophesies         c      Clemens Alexandrinus         Strom   and Eusebius Caesariensis   in the      praparat  Evange  c     and in his Chronicle   think Aristobulus to be that Jewish philosopher the Peripatetic  of whom mention was made by us before  See note on   JP","YearBCAD":-125,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3880,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4589,"Dating":"3880a AM, 4589 JP, 125 BC"}
{"Index":3814,"EventTxt":"Seleucus  Demetrius Nicator s son  seized the crown without his mother Cleopatra s permission and reigned one year in Syria   Livy       Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-124,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3880,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4590,"Dating":"3880b AM, 4590 JP, 124 BC"}
{"Index":3815,"EventTxt":"After much trouble  Alexander Zebinas defeated Antipater  Clonius  and Aeropus    of his most eminent commanders who had revolted from him and seized the city Laodicea  He showed a great deal of gallantry toward them  He took them prisoners and in the end he pardoned all their apostasy  He was naturally of a mild disposition and pleasing temper and of a wonderful disposition in all his meetings  Hence he was extremely well liked by all men   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-124,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3880,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4590,"Dating":"3880b AM, 4590 JP, 124 BC"}
{"Index":3816,"EventTxt":"Mithridates Euergetes  king of Pontus and Armenia the less  was killed by the treachery of some of his closest friends  He left his wife and his sons to succeed him in the kingdom  Mithridates  surnamed Eupator  the older brother of the two laid claim to the whole kingdom for himself   Strabo        p     cum Justin        c      For soon after  he put his mother in prison whom his father had intended to be viceroy with him in the kingdom  He kept her there in bonds  who  by reason of that hard usage and long imprisonment  died there   Memnon in Excerpt  Photii  cap      As for Mithridates  Salust states in his history  that he was a child when he became king after he poisoned his mother   Servius in Birg        Eneid","YearBCAD":-124,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3881,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4590,"Dating":"3881a AM, 4590 JP, 124 BC"}
{"Index":3817,"EventTxt":"Strabo affirms that Mithridates was     years of age when he succeeded his father in the kingdom  Memnon says he was    We selected   based on Eutropius  account  He said that Mithridates reigned   years and lived    Although Pliny         c      says he reigned   years and Appian says     See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-124,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3881,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4590,"Dating":"3881a AM, 4590 JP, 124 BC"}
{"Index":3818,"EventTxt":"As there appeared a comet in the year when Mithridates was born  there likewise appeared one also in the first year of his reign  For   nights and days the whole heaven seemed to be all on fire  For its tail covered a quarter part of the heaven or   degrees of the upper hemisphere and out shone the sun in brightness  Its rising and setting took four hours   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-124,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3881,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4590,"Dating":"3881a AM, 4590 JP, 124 BC"}
{"Index":3819,"EventTxt":"In Syria  Cleopatra struck her son Seleucus through with a arrow  She did this either because he had seized upon the crown without her consent or she feared lest he should in time avenge his father  Demetrius  death or because she had managed all things with the same fury and violence as he did  When Seleucus was dead  she made her other son  Antiochus Grypus  king whom she had by Demetrius She had sent him to Athens to receive his education  She gave him the title of king but ran the kingdom herself   Livy       Justin        c     Appian  Syriac  p      Porphyrius has stated that when Seleucus was killed by his mother s treachery  Antiochus  the younger brother  succeeded him in the kingdom  in the second year of the  th Olympiad   in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p      He added that he was called Grypus and Philometor also  Josephus refers to him by this latter surname         c","YearBCAD":-123,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3881,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4591,"Dating":"3881b AM, 4591 JP, 123 BC"}
{"Index":3820,"EventTxt":"Alexander Zebmus  was puffed up with good fortune and began now by his insolence to despise Ptolemy himself  by whose means he had come to the kingdom  Thereupon Ptolemy reconciled himself to his sister Cleopatra and tried to ruin Alexander s kingdom which he had never been able to obtain had not Ptolemy sent him supplies because of his hatred for Demetrius  To that end  he sent a very considerable force to Grypus and offered his daughter  Tryphena  to him in marriage  He hoped to have the people side with his new son in law  This would be from respect to the former confederacy and association between them and also by virtue of his new relation and alliance  It worked  When all saw that Grypus was backed by as much strength as Egypt could levy  they began by degrees to defect from Alexander   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-122,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3882,"JulPer":4592,"Dating":"3882 AM, 4592 JP, 122 BC"}
{"Index":3821,"EventTxt":"Alexander was not very confident of his army  They were not well trained militarily so he did not risk a battle  After he had first collected the king s treasuries and pillaged the temples  he planned to steal away into Greece by night  While he attempted to plunder Jupiter s temple with the help of some of his barbarians  he was seized and he and his whole army would likely have been destroyed  However  he soon escaped from their hands and headed toward Seleucia  The Seleucians had heard a rumour of his sacrilege  and shut their gates against him  Unable to do anything there  he went to Pisidium and never after that left the sea coast   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-122,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3882,"JulPer":4592,"Dating":"3882 AM, 4592 JP, 122 BC"}
{"Index":3822,"EventTxt":"Finally  Antiochus Grypus and Alexander Zebinas had a battle  Alexander was defeated and forced to flee to Antioch  As soon as he came there  he needed money to pay his soldiers  He ordered that the statue of victory be taken from Jupiter s temple  The statue was made of beaten gold  He justified his sacrilege with a jest  vv Jupiter has lent me victory","YearBCAD":-122,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3882,"JulPer":4592,"Dating":"3882 AM, 4592 JP, 122 BC"}
{"Index":3823,"EventTxt":"A few days later he had his soldiers start to pull down the image of Jupiter  This was to be done as quietly as possible  However  he was surprised by the common people who caught him in the very act and he was forced to flee  He was caught in a violent storm at sea and he was separated from his company  He was captured by pirates who turned him over to Grypus who had him executed   Justin        c      Josephus stated that he was slain in a fight with Grypus         c      Porphyrius that he poisoned himself when he was depressed by the loss of his army in the  th year of the  th Olympiad   in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-122,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3882,"JulPer":4592,"Dating":"3882 AM, 4592 JP, 122 BC"}
{"Index":3824,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra knew that her authority would be diminished by the victory which her son Antiochus Grypus had over Alexander Zepinas  She presented him as he came from exercising or from the army  original uncertain   with a cup of poison  Grypus was warned of this treachery and pretended out of respect for his mother to have her drink first  When she refused  he continually urged her to  At last he charged her with plotting to poison him and showed her the one that informed him of the plot  He told her that the only way she could prove her innocence was to drink the cup which she had prepared for her son  The queen was forced to yield and so she died from the poison which she had prepared for another  After her death  Grypus quickly assumed the throne and enjoyed   peaceful years   Justin        c     cf  Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-122,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3882,"JulPer":4592,"Dating":"3882 AM, 4592 JP, 122 BC"}
{"Index":3825,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-121,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3883,"JulPer":4593,"Dating":"3883 AM, 4593 JP, 121 BC"}
{"Index":3826,"EventTxt":"Lucius Opimius was the consul in the year when the tribune C  Gracchus  the brother to Tiberius Gracchus  was killed as he was encouraging the common people to revolt  The air was so warm and sunny that Pliny reports how wines made then lasted to his time  about   years later  and had the consistency of honey  Pliny       c         In the same year a bow appeared around the sun   Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-121,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3883,"JulPer":4593,"Dating":"3883 AM, 4593 JP, 121 BC"}
{"Index":3827,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Euergetes the  nd  or Physcon  died   years after the death of his brother Philometor   Ptol  in Regum Canone  Clem  Alexandrin        Stromat  Euseb  Chronico  Epiphan  de Ponderib    mensur  Jermone on Daniel    He was survived by   sons  Ptolemy Apion  the son of a harlot  was bequeathed the kingdom of the Cyrenians   Justin        c     cum Appiano in Mithridaticis  p      Cleopara bore the other two sons  to him  She was the daughter of the former Cleopatra  who was both his sister and wife  The youngest was called Alexander and the oldest Ptolemy  Ptol  in Regum Canone  Prophyrius  Eusebius  Jerome  and Epiphanius  He was called Soter by  Strabo       p     Trogus Ptompeius Prolog             Pliny       c          c     Joseph        c     Clemens Alexandrinus       Stromat   He was called Lathurus or Lathyrus by Athenaeus        c      and Pausanias  in Atticis   He was called Philometor which is a variation on Philopater  by Natalis Comes who translated Athenaeus  This last name was given to him because he was so despised  Pausanias noted that there was never any king more hated by his mother than he   Pausan  Attic  p","YearBCAD":-117,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3888,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4597,"Dating":"3888a AM, 4597 JP, 117BC"}
{"Index":3828,"EventTxt":"On his deathbed  Physcon left the kingdom of Egypt to his wife  Cleopatra  and to one of the sons of her choice  He hoped to make Egypt more quiet  and free from rebellions than the kingdom of Syria  However  when the mother chose one soon  she was sure to make the other her enemy   Justin        c      She thought that Alexander  the younger son  would prove more pliable to her requests and asked the Egyptians to ratify this  She was unable to prevail with the common people and was forced to select her older son  Lathurus  who was banished to Cyprus by his father upon her request  The two reigned together in Egypt for   years   Justin       c     Pausan  in Atticus  p       Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-117,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3888,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4597,"Dating":"3888a AM, 4597 JP, 117BC"}
{"Index":3829,"EventTxt":"Before Cleopatra would give the kingdom to Lathurus  she took away his wife from him and forced him to divorce his most endeared sister Cleopatra  She ordered him to marry the younger sister Selene  In this action she showed more partiality toward her daughters than was befitting for a mother  She took away the husband from one and gave him to the other   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-116,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3888,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4598,"Dating":"3888b AM, 4598 JP, 116 BC"}
{"Index":3830,"EventTxt":"After Antiochus Grypus had enjoyed the kingdom of Syria for   peaceful years  his brother Antiochus of Cyzicenus rose up as his rival in the kingdom  They both had the same mother  but Cyzicenus  father was the uncle  Antiochus Sidetes  Grypus planned to poison his rival  His brother raised an army to fight for the kingdom faster than he thought he would  Antiochus of Cyzicenus was sent away to Cyzicum by his mother Cleopatra  for fear of Demetrius Nicator  her former husband whom she had abandoned  He was raised by Craterus the eunuch and from there received the surname of Cyzicenus   Justin        c     Appian  Syriac  p     Porphyr  ut sup  p     Joseph        c      When Grypus heard of his brothers raising forces against him in Cyzicum  he abandoned his intended expedition against the Jews and prepared to meet him   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-114,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3890,"JulPer":4600,"Dating":"3890 AM, 4600 JP, 114BC"}
{"Index":3831,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  who was the former wife of Ptolemy Lathurus and later divorced from her husband by Cleopatra queen of Egypt  was married to Antiochus Cyzicenus in Syria  She brought the army at Cyprus to him as her dowry  He thought that with these forces he was a match for his brother  They fought and he was defeated and fled to Antioch  Gyrpus pursued him to Antioch and besieged it  Cleopatra the wife of Cyzicenus was in the town  As soon as it was taken  Tryphena  the wife of Grypus ordered that her sister Cleopatra should be found  She did not intend to release her but wanted to see her suffer  She had invaded this kingdom mainly from envy of her and by her marriage with the sworn enemy of her sister  had made herself her enemy also  Moreover  she charged her that she was the cause of bringing in the foreign forces and of the differences between the two brothers  Since she had been divorced from her brother  she married out of the kingdom to one who was not an Egyptian  contrary to her mother s will  Grypus endeavoured to prevent his wife from acting cruelly toward her  He told her that it was against the law of arms that after a victory to act violently against women  especially those that are blood relatives as Cleopatra was  She was her own sister and his first cousin and aunt to her own children  In addition to being a blood relative  she had sought sanctuary in the temple which must be respected  He concluded that he would not reduce Cizicenus  power by killing her nor gain any advantage if he should send her back to him unharmed  On the contrary  Tryphena  thought his words were the result of love not from pity  She sent some soldiers into the temple who killed Cleopatra  They first cut off her hands as she embraced the image of the goddess so that no less hostility might appear to be between the two sisters than there was between the brothers   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-113,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3891,"JulPer":4601,"Dating":"3891 AM, 4601 JP, 113 BC"}
{"Index":3832,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  queen of Egypt  the mother of these two sisters  in the  th year of her reign  made Alexander her younger son  king of Cyprus  and sent him there  She hoped that by this she would seem more formidable to her oldest son Lathurus who was her partner in the kingdom   Pausan  in Attic  p        Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-113,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3891,"JulPer":4601,"Dating":"3891 AM, 4601 JP, 113 BC"}
{"Index":3833,"EventTxt":"At age    Alexander Jamnaeus was born to Hyrcanus by his wife Alexandra  When Herod heard of Caesar s victory at Actium  he killed Alexander when he was over   years old   Josephus       c      From this we gather that this Alexandra who is also called Salina  by the ecclesiastical writers  See note on   AM    was not the same with that Salome  the wife of Aristobulus whom the Greeks called Alexandra  After the death of her husband  she made Alexander Jamnaeus who was   years old  king in his place  Josephus states that he reigned   years and lived   years   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-112,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3892,"JulPer":4602,"Dating":"3892 AM, 4602 JP, 112 BC"}
{"Index":3834,"EventTxt":"Antiochus  Cyzicenus fought with Grypus and won  He captured Tryphena  Gryphus  wife who a little before had killed her sister and his wife  He did the same to her and sacrificed her to the ghost of his wife   Justin        c      He chased his brother also from his kingdom and reigned over the Syrians in his place   Appian  Syriac  p      After this defeat  Grypus withdrew to Aspendum and from there  he assumed the surname of Aspendius  Cizicenus started to reign in the  st year of the  th Olympiad   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-112,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3892,"JulPer":4602,"Dating":"3892 AM, 4602 JP, 112 BC"}
{"Index":3835,"EventTxt":"In the  nd year of the same Olympiad  Antiochus Grypus returned from Aspendum and regained Syria but Cyzicenus held Coelosyira  Hence the kingdom was shared between them   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  p","YearBCAD":-111,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3893,"JulPer":4603,"Dating":"3893 AM, 4603 JP, 111 BC"}
{"Index":3836,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antiochus Cyzicenus had taken over the kingdom  he gave himself up to revellings and luxury and conduct all together unseemly for kings  He was very fond of acting and stage players and all sorts of jugglers  He learned their arts very well  He applied himself also to playing with puppets  His main delight was making the images of living creatures of a size of   to   feet and he covered them over with gold and silver  He made them move by themselves with various machines  Moreover  he was very fond of hunting  He would often steal away secretly by night with a servant or two to hunt boars  lions and leopards  Many times he risked his life by his rash encounters with wild beasts   Diod  Sic        in Excerpt  Valesii  p      Antiochus Grypus also engaged in luxurious living as described by Athenaeus        c             c      as taken from the  th book of Posidonius of Apamea s histories","YearBCAD":-111,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3893,"JulPer":4603,"Dating":"3893 AM, 4603 JP, 111 BC"}
{"Index":3837,"EventTxt":"The war between those two brothers weakened both of them and proved a great advantage to John Hyrcanus  By this means he secured the incomes and revenues of Judea and had stored up this money for future use  He saw what pitiful havock Cyzicenus made in his brother s country and how Grypus received no supplies from Egypt to help him  He and his brother drained their resources fighting one another  In time  John stopped worrying about either of them   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-110,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3894,"JulPer":4604,"Dating":"3894 AM, 4604 JP, 110 BC"}
{"Index":3838,"EventTxt":"Thereupon he marched with his army against the Samaritans who were under the dominion of the kings of Syria  They had attacked the Marisieni who they subdued and were Idumeans  These were under the Jews before and were farmers to the Jews and in league with them  He besieged Samaria which was a well fortified city with a trench and double wall   miles long  He left his sons  Antigonus and Aristobulus to manage the seige  They maintained the seige so well that famine raged within Samaria  They were driven to such extremity that they were forced to feed upon such things as were not proper food for men  At the last  they begged help from Antiochus Cyzicenus   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-110,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3894,"JulPer":4604,"Dating":"3894 AM, 4604 JP, 110 BC"}
{"Index":3839,"EventTxt":"Cyzicenus came as fast as he could to relieve the Samaritans  He was routed by Aristobulus  soldiers and the two brothers pursued him closely as far as Scythopolis and he barely escaped  On that very day it is reported that Hyrcanus the high priest  as he was offering incense alone in the temple  heard a voice which told him of the recent late victory which his sons had over Antiochus  After they had beaten Antiochus  they returned back to Samaria and forced the Samaritans to retreat within their walls  So they were constrained once more to beg for help from Antiochus   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-109,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3895,"JulPer":4605,"Dating":"3895 AM, 4605 JP, 109 BC"}
{"Index":3840,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Cyzicenus had about   soldiers which Ptolemy Lathurus had sent him in spite of his mother Cleopatra  She had not yet deposed of him  These wandered up and down Hyrcanus  dominions and he plundered with his Egyptians wherever he went  He did not dare fight with John who was far too strong for him  He hoped by his pillaging of the country  he would draw off Hyrcanus from the siege of Samaria  After he had lost many of his men by an ambush which the enemy had laid  he marched away to Tripolis  He committed the war with the Jews to two of his commanders  Callimander and Epicrates  Callimander fought with the enemy with greater resolution than discretion  His troops were routed and he was killed  Epicrates betrayed Scythopolis and some other towns to the Jews after having been well paid for the task  All this was of no help to the Samaritans  After Hyrcanus had spent a full year besieging Samaria  he was not content with the bare surrender of the city but levelled it to the very ground   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-109,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3895,"JulPer":4605,"Dating":"3895 AM, 4605 JP, 109 BC"}
{"Index":3841,"EventTxt":"The Seleucians  who lived near Antioch in Syria had obtained a liberty of living after their own laws  They started their epoch from that time   Fasti Siculi  anno  th Olympiad","YearBCAD":-109,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3895,"JulPer":4605,"Dating":"3895 AM, 4605 JP, 109 BC"}
{"Index":3842,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus was of the sect of the Pharisees and was a disciple and favoured them  He invited some of the most eminent among them to a feast  He took exception with Eleazer  who falsely charged him that when his mother was taken prisoner in the time of Antiochus Epiphanes  she was forced to become an harlot  Since the scandal was not so deeply resented by the rest of the company as he expected it should have been  he grew enraged against the whole sect of the Pharisees  By the instigation of Jonathan a Sadducee  he deserted the Pharisees and became a Sadducee  Now  the Pharisees commended to the people many traditions which they received from their ancestors by hand and which were not found written among Moses  laws  Therefore  the Sadducees said these customs were not binding and only what was found in Moses  law was legally valid  From this action there was a great dispute between them both  The rich sided with the Sadducees while the Pharisees appealed to the common people  Therefore Hyrcanus would have punished some of the Pharisees  who were zealous for their laws even though Hyrcanus had abrogated them  Hence there arose a rebellion among them  Although at that time he soon settled it  yet he and his sons by this action were hated by the common people   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3843,"EventTxt":"John Hyrcanus died after serving as high priest for   years according as Eusebius stated from Josephus          Demonstrat  Evangelic  c     and Jerome translating him into Latin  repeats it in his commentaries on Daniel    Although in our books  and in the old translation of Ruffinus  Josephus states this was   years   as in       Belli  c      sometimes   years   as in Antiq        c             c      His father Simon died in the  th year of the kingdom of the Greeks in the  th month  Sabat  APC IMa     about February   JP  His wife Alexandra  died about November   JP  There is almost   years and   months difference  So that subtracting the   years which Josephus assigns to the reign of his sons and his wife  there remained only   years    months for Hyrcanus  Some of the modern men are of opinion but with no good reason  that John was the writer of the first book of the Maccabees  They say that these words in the end of the book were added by somebody else  ^Concerning the other things of John  both of his wars  and his noble acts  in which he behaved himself manfully  and of his building the walls   viz  of Jerusalem  which were demolished by command of Antiochus Sidetes  and of other of his deeds  Behold they are written in the chronicles of his priesthood from the time he was made high priest after his father","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3844,"EventTxt":"Probably  in the  th book of the Maccabees which Sixtus Senensis in the end of the first book of his Bibliotheca Sanctae states which he saw translated from the Hebrew into Greek in a manuscript at Lyons  in Sontes Pagninus  library among the Predicants  It began like this  vv And after Simon was slain  John his son was made high priest in his place","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3845,"EventTxt":"From that book it is supposed that Josephus took his information  He tells of three things which Hyrcanus held at the same time  the kingship over the Jews  the high priesthood and prophetic office  For he tells us that because he often spoke with God  he obtained so good an insight into the future that much earlier he foretold the short time which his two oldest sons should have in the kingdom which their father left them   Josephus     Bells     c             Antiq  c","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3846,"EventTxt":"Concerning the tower built by John  which Herod later called Antonius  Tower  and where he placed the robe and the rest of the high priest s ornaments  Josephus states   Antiq        c      vv Hyrcanus was the first high priest by that name  He built a tower near the temple and lived in it most of his time  Since he kept in his own custody the high priest s robe  which nobody else used but himself  he took it off in that place when he put on his ordinary clothes  This custom was observed by his sons also and their posterity","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3847,"EventTxt":"After Hyrcanus died  the stones which were set in the high priest s breast plate and the onyx stone upon his right shoulder grew dim and lost their lustre  The light from these stones showed God s approval of the conduct of the Jews  Josephus stated this showed God s displeasure with them for transgressing his laws   Antiq        c      This was   years before he began to write his books concerning the Jewish history  At the end of those books  he stated he completed them in the  th year of Domitian s reign    JP","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3848,"EventTxt":"Judas  the oldest son of Hyrcanus was otherwise called Aristobulus and surnamed Philellen from his familiarity and commerce with the Greeks  He succeeded his father in the government and the high priesthood but he held them for only a year  He was the first of anyone who after the return from the Babylonian captivity to place the crown on his head and changed the state to a monarchy   Joseph        Belli  c     Antiq        c             c      However  Strabo wrote that his brother and successor Alexander  was the first that made himself king         p      He likely disregarded Aristobulus since he held office for so short a time","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3849,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus promoted his second brother Antigonus whom he liked far more than the rest  to be a partner in the kingdom  He committed the other three to be bound in prison  He also cast his mother into prison who quarrelled with him for the government because Hyrcanus had left her over the entire government  He rose to heights of cruelty when he starved her to death in the prison   Joseph        Bel  c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3850,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra in Egypt was greatly troubled that her son Ptolemy Lathurus was joined with her in the government of the kingdom and she stirred up the people against him   Justin        c      She selected from among her eunuchs those whom she trusted and brought them into the public assembly pitifully cut and slashed  She charged Ptolemy as if he had secretly hired men to ambush her and disfigure her eunuchs  The Alexandrians were so enraged at that spectacle that they would have killed him  Since he had secretly sailed away out of danger  they greeted Alexander as king  who had returned from Cyprus  not very long after this event happened   Pausan  in Attic  p","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3851,"EventTxt":"Before he was banished from the kingdom  his mother Cleopatra had taken from him his wife Selene  The indignity was the greater in that he had two sons by her   Justin        c      As for Alexander  who was called in by his mother and made king of Egypt in his brother s place  at that time he was in the  th year of his reign in Cyprus and his mother was in the    th year of her reign in Egypt   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p      Athenaeus        c      notes how that Alexander grew as fat and swag bellied as his father  Physcon  He mentions this passage concerning him  from Posidonius Apamenus in the  th book of his histories  vv The king of Egypt was not popular with the common people  He was blinded with the insinuations and flatteries of his friends and living in continual luxury  He could not walk a step unless he was supported by two men  In the dancing which was the custom at the feasts  he would leap bare foot from the higher beds and move his body in dancing as nimbly and actively as the best","YearBCAD":-108,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3896,"JulPer":4606,"Dating":"3896 AM, 4606 JP, 108 BC"}
{"Index":3852,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus marched with an army into Itura and added it to Judea  He forced the inhabitants under penalty of banishment  to be circumcised and keep the other Jewish ceremonies  Strabo affirms this in these words from Timagenes the historian  vv He  Aristobulus  was an upright man and one who furthered the Jews  interest very much  He enlarged their territories and annexed part of Itura to them and secured it by the covenant of circumcision   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-106,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3898,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4608,"Dating":"3898b AM, 4608 JP, 106 BC"}
{"Index":3853,"EventTxt":"Antigonus returned from the wars in triumph at the time the Jews held their solemn feast of tabernacles  It happened  that king Aristobulus fell sick and stayed in his bed in the tower which was later called Antonius  tower  However  his brother Antigonus  intended to be present at the holy solemnities and went up to the temple very gloriously attired  The main purpose of his going there was to pray for the sick king s recovery  Aristobulus was told by some wicked persons  who meant no good to Antigonus that he should beware of his brother who had a plot against him  He placed some of his guard in a dark vault underground near the tower and ordered them that if his brother came unarmed no one should touch him  Otherwise  they should attack and kill him  He sent secretly to him a man who told him he should not come armed  However  Salome the queen and the rest of Antigonus  friends persuaded the messenger to tell him just the opposite  The king wanted to see him dressed in his military attire  Judas  one of the sect of the Essenes  was a famous person for telling the future  He had foretold that Antigonus would die that very day in Straton s tower  He did not know that there was any other Straton s tower besides that which was later called the Cesarean tower and about   miles from Jerusalem  Therefore when he saw Antigonus going up to the temple that day  he wished he might die immediately  He feared lest he might be proved a false prophet and ruin his reputation  Shortly after this  Judas heard that Antigonus was killed in that underground place which was called by the same name of Straton s tower as was that other Cesarean tower on the sea coast   Joseph  Belli        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-106,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4608,"Dating":"3899a AM, 4608 JP, 106 BC"}
{"Index":3854,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus  sickness grew worse and worse from the remorse from his horrid murder of his brother  At last his pains were so violent  that he vomited blood  As one of his servants was carrying forth the blood to empty it  it happened that his foot slipped and he spilt Aristobulus  blood on the very same place which was stained with Antigonus  blood  Aristobulus was told of the accident and acknowledged the just judgment of God by it  He immediately gave up the ghost in extreme anguish of body and soul   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-106,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4608,"Dating":"3899a AM, 4608 JP, 106 BC"}
{"Index":3855,"EventTxt":"After Aristobulus died  his wife Salome  whom the Greeks call Alexandra  released his brothers whom he had kept prisoners for a long while  She made Alexander Jannaeus the king since he was the oldest and most modest of them  As soon as he had the kingdom  he killed one of his brothers when he discovered he was plotting against him  He acted quite civilly toward the others and was content to live a retired life and at ease   Joseph        c      He was called Absolom and was taken prisoner at Jerusalem by Pompey   years later   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-106,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4608,"Dating":"3899a AM, 4608 JP, 106 BC"}
{"Index":3856,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus ordered the affairs of the kingdom in such a way as seemed most proper to him  He marched with an army against Ptolemais and defeated them in a battle  He forced the enemy to retreat within the walls and then he besieged them and made his batteries  At the same time  the two brothers Philometor or Grypus and Cyzicenus in Syria were so weakened by their battles between themselves  they took no notice of the problems of Ptolemais  Zoilus  a tyrant  saw the dissentions between the two brothers and used the opportunity to seize Straton s tower and Dora  He helped the besieged but not very much  Ptolemy Lathuras who was thrown out of the kingdom of Egypt by his mother Cleopatra  took over Cyprus  The men of Ptolemais sent ambassadors to him asking that he would come and rescue them from the danger they were in by Alexander  They promised that as soon as he entered into Syria  he would have the men of Gazaea  Ptolemais  Zoilus  Sidon and many others on his side to help  He was encouraged by their good promises and he prepared for the voyage   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-105,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4609,"Dating":"3899b AM, 4609 JP, 105 BC"}
{"Index":3857,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Demenaetus  a popular and eminent authority persuaded the men of Ptolemais to alter their resolutions  He told them that they had better take the fortunes of war with the Jews where they might win than to submit to certain bondage by calling in a king over them  Moreover  thereby not only undergo the brunt of the present war  but also they were to expect another from Egypt  Cleopatra would not sit still and allow Ptolemy to gather forces from the adjacent parts but would quickly march with a strong force to hinder his work  For the queen endeavoured to drive him out of Cyprus also   Joseph  Antiq        c      His conjecture proved true  After Cleopatra had banished her son  she was not content  She persecuted him up and down with war and not only chased him out of Cyprus but killed the general of her own army when he let him escape after he had taken him prisoner  Justin said  if we can believe him  that Ptolemy did not leave the island not because he thought himself equal to her in power but because he was ashamed to fight against his mother   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-105,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4609,"Dating":"3899b AM, 4609 JP, 105 BC"}
{"Index":3858,"EventTxt":"Although Ptolemy had heard on the way  that the people of Ptolemais had changed their minds  yet he sailed on to Sycaminum  He landed his forces there which consisted of about     cavalry and foot soldiers  From there he marched to Ptolemais with all his forces and camped there  When he saw the Ptolemaians would not allow his delegates into the town nor hear them so much as speak  he was all the more perplexed  After that  Zoilus and the Gazaeans were come to him and desired his assistance against the Jews  Alexander who pillaged their country after he raised the siege of Ptolemais for fear of Ptolemy   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-105,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3899,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4609,"Dating":"3899b AM, 4609 JP, 105 BC"}
{"Index":3859,"EventTxt":"After Alexander Jannaeus had led his army home  he began to play tricks  He made a secret alliance with Cleopatra against Ptolemy but in public proclaimed him to be his friend and ally  He promised him   talents of silver if he for his sake would remove Zoilus the tyrant and give his country to the Jews  Ptolemy very willingly struck up the bargain with him but when he saw later how Alexander negotiated secretly with his mother Cleopatra  he broke the league which he had made with him   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-105,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4609,"Dating":"3900a AM, 4609 JP, 105 BC"}
{"Index":3860,"EventTxt":"When the senate had given permission to Marius  who was on an expedition against the Cimbrians  to request supplies from the countries beyond the seas  he wrote to Nicomedes  the king of Bithynia for help  Nicomedes replied that the Bithynians were mainly carried away and kept as slaves by the custom gatherers in various places  Thereupon the senate issued a decree prohibiting any free man of the allies of the people of Rome to serve as slaves in any province  In addition they sent orders to the governors of the provinces to set them at liberty where any such were forced to work   Diod  Sic        in Bibliotheca  Photii  cod","YearBCAD":-105,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4609,"Dating":"3900a AM, 4609 JP, 105 BC"}
{"Index":3861,"EventTxt":"This decree of the senate was duly and strictly observed as soon as it was issued  Later it was neglected by Licinius Nerva  the praetor of Sicily and this caused the second slave war in Sicily  The rebels made Salvius  a soothsayer and a minstrel  their king  whom they called Tryphon later   Id  ib  cum Dion  in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-104,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4610,"Dating":"3900b AM, 4610 JP, 104 BC"}
{"Index":3862,"EventTxt":"When C  Marius and C  Flaccus or rather Flavius were consuls  about   o clock in the afternoon  there was an eclipse of the sun   Jul  Obsequens  de prodigiis   This was almost a total eclipse of the sun and the astronomical calculation shows that this happened on July  th   JP","YearBCAD":-104,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4610,"Dating":"3900b AM, 4610 JP, 104 BC"}
{"Index":3863,"EventTxt":"When Askelon became a free state  they computed time from this time as has been noted in the Cicilian Chronicles at the  th Olympiad  Eusebius  chronicle agrees and says that the  th year of their epoch was the  nd year of Ptobus the Emperor  This happened in   JP","YearBCAD":-104,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4610,"Dating":"3900b AM, 4610 JP, 104 BC"}
{"Index":3864,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Lathurus left his commanders with a brigade of his army to besiege Ptolemais which shut its gates against him  They finally took the city  Meanwhile  he marched away with the remainder of his forces against Judea to pillage and subdue it  Alexander Jannaeus received news of his coming and his actions  He gathered about      some writers rather think      men and marched to meet him  Ptolemy attacked by surprise Asochis  a city of Galilee  on the sabbath and took it  He carried away with him about     prisoners besides much plunder  Next he attacked Zephoris which was close to Asochis  When he had lost many men before the place  he withdrew to fight with Alexander Jannaeus whom he met at the Jordan River opposite Asophos  Alexander had   men who fought in the vanguard carrying shields of brass  He called these men  Hecatontomachi  These faced Ptolemy s vanguard who also used shields of brass  They were pushed back by the first charge of the enemy but in the end  they were pursued by Philostephanus who was a skilled military man  They crossed over the river to the place where the Jews were camped  The battle waged and no side was the victor  Finally  Ptolemy s soldiers routed the Jews and in the pursuit they killed so many that their arms were wearied and the edge of their swords became dull  It is said that       or as Timagenes has computed in his writings      Jews died in that battle  The rest were either taken prisoner or escaped  After the victory Ptolemy roved all that day about the country  At evening he retired into some of the villages belonging to the Jews  When he saw they were crowded with women and children  he commanded his soldiers to attack and kill indiscriminately  They had chopped them in pieces to put them into scalding cauldrons  They did this so that those who had escaped  might believe that the enemy ate human flesh  By this they would become more dreadful and formidable to the onlookers  This act of cruelty is recorded by Strabo and Nicholaus Damascenus in their histories   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-104,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3900,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4610,"Dating":"3900b AM, 4610 JP, 104 BC"}
{"Index":3865,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  the queen of Egypt  saw her son Lathurus increasing in power daily  He subdued the city of the Gazeans and he plundered the Jews at will  She did not consider it wise to let him go on as he did especially when he did these deeds so close to Egypt and yearned for the kingdom  Therefore to check him  she immediately raised land and naval forces and entrusted them to Chelcias and Ananias  These were both Jews and sons of that Onias who built the temple in the region of Alexandria   Joseph        c           For that the queen did all things by the advice of those two favourites  Josephus confirmed this by this testimony taken from of the history of Strabo the Cappadocian  vv Most of those who first entered Cyprus with us and of those also who were sent there later by Cleopatra defected to Ptolemy Lathurus  Only those Jews who were on Onias  side remained loyal  In that regard  their country men Chelcias and Ananias  were held in high esteem by the queen","YearBCAD":-103,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3901,"JulPer":4611,"Dating":"3901 AM, 4611 JP, 103 BC"}
{"Index":3866,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  deposited a considerable portion of her wealth in the island Cos where also she left her grandchildren and her last will and testament  Cos was a small island close to Egypt and not the island by the same name in the Aegean Sea  She ordered Ptolemy  Alexander s son  to arrive at Phoenicia with a large fleet  After the country had revolted and flocked to her  she came to Ptolemais  She was denied entrance and she resolved to take it by storm  In the meanwhile  it happened that Chelcias one of her chief commanders died  as he was pursuing Lathurus in Coelosyria  Lathurus had left Syria and hurried to get into Egypt because he thought that the garrisons would be all drained by Cleopatra  Hence he dreamed he could take them by surprise but he was wrong   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-103,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3901,"JulPer":4611,"Dating":"3901 AM, 4611 JP, 103 BC"}
{"Index":3867,"EventTxt":"The Egestan and Lilybetane fugitives in Sicily appointed Athenio  a Cilician shepherd as their king  He pretended that the gods by the stars had told him that he should be king of all Sicily  Therefore it behoved him to favour the country and to spare its cattle and fruits as if they were his own  However  as soon as Tryphon sent for him  he submitted himself to Tryphon as king and was content with being general over the army under Tryphon   Diod  Sic        ut supr  cf  Cicero  in Verro       with Floras        Histor  c       Dion  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-103,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3901,"JulPer":4611,"Dating":"3901 AM, 4611 JP, 103 BC"}
{"Index":3868,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra heard that her son  Lathurus had attempted and failed to take over Egypt  She sent a brigade of her army there and chased him clean out of the country  After he was again driven from Egypt  he spent the following winter at Gaza   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3869,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Cleopatra captured Ptolemais with its garrisons  Alexander Jannaeus came to her with presents in his hands  She entertained him in such manner as was befitting for one that had been oppressed by Lathurus and had no other refuge to go to  Certain of the queen s favourites tried to persuade her to seize that country also and not to allow such a number of good Jews to be at the command of one single person  Ananias advised her the contrary and told her that it would be most unjust for her to strip a man of his fortunes who was her fellow warrior and the kinsman of Ananias  If she did so  she would in a very short time lose the affections of the whole country of the Jews  Cleopatra followed his counsel and at that time she did no harm to him and shortly after this  she renewed their former league at Scythopolis a city of Coelosyria   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3870,"EventTxt":"When Alexander Jannaeus was now free of any danger from Ptolemy Lathurus  he undertook an expedition into Coelosyria and besieged Gadara   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3871,"EventTxt":"L  Licinius Lucullus was sent by the senate against the slaves that had revolted  He came into Sicily with an army of     men consisting of Italians  Bithynians  Thessalonians  Acarnans and Lucans  Athenio the Silician marched out to meet him with     men  He lost     of his men  Although he was badly wounded  he escaped by hiding among the dead carcases   Diod  Sic","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3872,"EventTxt":"The Jews and the Arabians raided Syria by land and the Cilicians started a war at sea by their piracy which the Romans waged in Cilicia by Antonius   Prolog        Trogi   Marcus Antonius  the orator and grandfather of M  Antonius who held the triumph  was then the praetor  He was sent to that war instead of the consul and stayed at Athens many days because of poor sailing weather  He heard Mnesarchus  Carneades and Menedemus who were three most learned men disputing there  as he did later of Metrodorus Scepsius in Asia  When he came into the province with the help of the Byzantians  he fought with the pirates with good success  However  in the battle  he lost M  Gratidius  his admiral   Cicero in            de Oratore    in Bruto  Livy       Corn  Tacit         We now mention the passage of Julius Obsequens about the consulship of C  Marcus and Q  Luctarius  The pirates in Sicily  sic  Cilicia  were defeated by the Romans  In another passage in       of Livy s Epitome it said that Antonius the praetor in Sicily  it must be read Cilicia  as in the former citation  chased the pirates at sea  By this action he held a triumph according to Pighius in the third tome of his Annals at about the end of the  st year of Rome","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3873,"EventTxt":"The fourth Calippic period begins","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3874,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus took Gadara after he had spent   months besieging it   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3875,"EventTxt":"When Marius and Catusus were consuls  Archias the poet of Antiochs  came to Rome  He later described the Mithridatic war in Greek verse and many of whose epigrams are still extant in the Greek anthology  He was mainly responsible for teaching Cicero   Cicero  pro Archia  Poeta","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3876,"EventTxt":"Although C  Marius was ready to fight the Cimbrians in Gaul  he delayed the battle  He pretended that by the advice of certain oracles  he only delayed for a convenient time and place for a victory  He carried around with him on a litter  Martha  a Syrian woman who was reported to have skill in prophesying  He held her in great reverence and never sacrificed without her approval  She had formerly been with the senate to entreat of those matters and foretell what should happen  However  the senate ignored her and would not give her an hearing   Plutarch in Marius","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3877,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Battaces or Batabaces  a priest of the great Mother Idaeus  came to Rome from Pessinunt in Phrygia  He came into the senate and told them that he was ordered there by his goddess with tidings of a great victory which should happen to the people of Rome and the fame they should get in a war  He added that the religious rites of the goddess were profaned and therefore public expiation ought to be made for them at Rome  He also brought along with him a garment and other ornaments of the body that were new and were never seen by any Roman before that time  He brought also a golden crown of an unusual size and a long robe interwoven with flowers and gilded  It was all very glorious and royal looking  After he had made a speech to the people from the orator s speaking desk and persuaded them to receive his superstitious worship  he was entertained at the public places of receipt for strangers  He was prohibited by Aulus Pompeius  the tribune of the people  to bring his crown with him  The other tribune brought him to the court and questioned him concerning the expiation of the temple  He returned a very superstitious answer  After Pompeius had called him an impostor and driven him from the court  he dissolved the assembly and went home  He suddenly became sick with a violent fever so that soon after this he became speechless and was most grievously tormented with a swollen throat  On the  rd day  or as others  the  th day  he died  All this  some interpreted to have happened to him by a divine providence for the indignant manner in which he treated the priest and the goddess  For the Romans were naturally inclined to superstitions  Therefore  Battaces in his holy dress was treated so magnificently by the men and women  When he left Rome  he was accompanied out of town with such great pomp   Id  ibid    Diod  Sic        in Photii Bibliotheca  cod","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3878,"EventTxt":"A servant belonging to Servilius Caepio made himself an eunuch for the worship of Mother Idaeus  He was transported overseas and never returned back again to Rome   Julius Obsequens ut supra","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3902,"JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3902 AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3879,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus captured Amathus which was the best fortified citadel of any near Jordan  Theodoras  the son of Zenon  had stored whatever he had of value there  When Theodoras suddenly attacked Alexander  he recovered what he had lost and pillaged Alexander s wagons and killed     Jews  As soon as Alexander had recovered from this loss  he attacked the countries along that sea coast and captured Raphta and Anthedon which Herod later named Agrippias   Joseph  Belli        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-102,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3903,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4612,"Dating":"3903a AM, 4612 JP, 102 BC"}
{"Index":3880,"EventTxt":"Manius Aquilius  the colleague of C  Marius in his  th consulship  was sent as general against Athenio the Cilician  After Tryphon s death  he was made king of the renegades in Sicily  He behaved himself gallantly in the service and he won a most famous victory over the rebels  He fought with King Athenio personally and finally overcame him  When the soldiers strove among themselves whose prisoner he should be  Athenio was torn in pieces by them in the strife   Diod  Sic        Forus        c","YearBCAD":-101,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3903,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4613,"Dating":"3903b AM, 4613 JP, 101 BC"}
{"Index":3881,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Lathurus left Gaza and returned again to Cyprus and his mother Cleopatra returned to Egypt   Joseph        c      Her harsh treatment of Lathurus frightened her young son Alexander so much that it caused him to leave Cyprus  He preferred a secure and safe life to the hazards of a kingdom  Therefore Cleopatra feared lest her oldest son Lathurus get Antiochus Cyzineus  help in recovering Egypt  She sent supplies to Antiochus Grypus and sent unto him also Selene  Lathurus  wife  to be married to the enemy of her former husband  She had her ambassadors recall her son Alexander to the kingdom   Justin        c      This was the cause of their civil wars which arose between the kings of Syria which Livy tells us of","YearBCAD":-101,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3903,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4613,"Dating":"3903b AM, 4613 JP, 101 BC"}
{"Index":3882,"EventTxt":"Julius Obsequens notes in his little book  de prodigiis  that the fugitives in Sicily were all killed in various battles at the time when C  Marius and Lucius Valerius were consuls  Aquilius the proconsul pursued the remaining     fugitives until he had subdued them all  Thus the second war of the slaves was ended after it had lasted almost   years   Diod  Sic         In these wars  Athenaeus stated that     slaves were killed         c      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-101,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3904,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4613,"Dating":"3904a AM, 4613 JP, 101 BC"}
{"Index":3883,"EventTxt":"C  Marius became consul for the  th time mainly through the help of L  Apuleius Saturninus  the tribune of the people  He banished Q  Metellus Numidrus  who went to Rhodes and devoted himself to the study of philosophy  He had the time to read authors and hear the discourses of the most eminent scholars   Cicero in Pison    pro Sextio  Livy       Plutarch  in Mario  Appian  Belli  Civil        p","YearBCAD":-100,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3904,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4614,"Dating":"3904b AM, 4614 JP, 100 BC"}
{"Index":3884,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors came to Rome from Mithridates with a good sum of money and hoped to bribe the senate  Saturninus  tribune of the people  was a sworn enemy to the whole order of senators and noticed their arrival  He thought he had the senate under control and berated the embassy with reproaches  The ambassadors called him into question for this and so muzzled him by the instigation of the senators  who welcomed the embassy and promised them their help  Saturninus was in great danger of capital punishment for violating the rights of the ambassadors whose privileges the Romans always held in a most religious esteem  However  the people rescued him from this danger and made him tribune of the people again   Diod  Sic  Legat      However  this action caused a new rebellion and he was killed in it  This was the very year when C  Marius   now the  th  and Valerius Flaccus were consuls   Cicero in   Philippica    pro Rabirio  Appian  belli  Civil        p        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-100,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3904,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4614,"Dating":"3904b AM, 4614 JP, 100 BC"}
{"Index":3885,"EventTxt":"In every assembly  for two whole years  the matter of ending the banishment of Q  Metellus was debated  Q  Metellus  son crossed the forum with his beard and hair overgrown and in a dirty garment  With tears in his eyes  he prostrated himself before the citizens and begged them to recall his father home again  The people would not raise the hopes of Q  Metellus by doing anything on his behalf which was contrary to law  However  from compassion for the young man and the earnestness of his pleas  they recalled Q  Metellus from his banishment and gave to his son the surname of Pius  for his outstanding affection and care he had to his father   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesi  p      Yet Aurelius Victor  in his book de viris Illustribus  c     wrote that his father  Q  Metellus was banished to Smyrna and recalled home by the Calidian law  The letters of recall were brought to him as he sat in the theatre  Although he saw the letters  he would not even read them until the show was over","YearBCAD":-98,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3906,"JulPer":4616,"Dating":"3906 AM, 4616 JP, 98 BC"}
{"Index":3886,"EventTxt":"C  Marius could not face Metellus after he returned home and he sailed to Cappadocia and Galatia  He pretended he wanted to worship the great Mother Idaea  His real plan was to start a new war  To accomplish this he thought it good to egg Mithridates on  He was received with all civility and respect and at that time Mithridates was obviously busy preparing for war  He said this to the king  Either endeavour  O king  to put yourself into such a state that you may be too hard for the Romans or else quietly submit to their commands","YearBCAD":-98,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3906,"JulPer":4616,"Dating":"3906 AM, 4616 JP, 98 BC"}
{"Index":3887,"EventTxt":"This saying amazed the king  He had heard of his name  but never until now of the freeness of the Roman tongue to speak what it pleased   Plutarch in Mario","YearBCAD":-98,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3906,"JulPer":4616,"Dating":"3906 AM, 4616 JP, 98 BC"}
{"Index":3888,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus was enraged against the Gazaeans because they had called in Ptolemy Lathurus to help them against him  He attacked their city and wasted the country  In the meantime Apollodorus  commander of the Gazaeans  with   mercenaries and     whom he armed from the townsmen  sallied forth by night into the Jew s camp  In the night battle  the Gazaeans had the better of it and the Jews thought that Ptolemy had come to their relief  As soon as it was daybreak when the truth of the matter appeared  the Jews rallied forth in a body and attacked the townsmen with all their might  They killed about   of them  In spite of all this and though their supplies grew scarce  they would not surrender to the Jews  They were ready to undergo any hardship rather than submit to the enemy  Aretas  the king of the Arabians  raised their spirits for a while  by saying he would help them which he did not do   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-98,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3906,"JulPer":4616,"Dating":"3906 AM, 4616 JP, 98 BC"}
{"Index":3889,"EventTxt":"Lysimachus envied the great favour his brother Apollodotus had among the Gazaeans and killed him  He then gathered a band of soldiers and delivered the city to Alexander Jannaeus  At first he marched in very calmly but shortly after he turned loose the soldiers to attack the townsmen and to kill without restraint  The Gazeans were slaughtered in every street  However  they did not die unrevenged but struggled with their assailants and killed an equal number of Jews  Others retired to their houses and set them on fire to prevent the enemy from plundering them  Others killed their wives and their children with their own hands so that they might not be led away into captivity  The   senators retired to Apollo s temple for it happened that at that very time that the enemy was let into the city  a senate was held there  However  Alexander cut the throats of them all  After he had destroyed the city  he returned back to Jerusalem about a year after he started his siege of Gaza   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-97,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3907,"JulPer":4617,"Dating":"3907 AM, 4617 JP, 97 BC"}
{"Index":3890,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Antiochus Grypus was killed through the treachery of Heracleon  He lived   years and reigned     Joseph        c      or rather    as it is read in Porphyrius  fragment  He reigned   of those   years alone  the other   years in joint partnership with Cyzicenus  He died in the  th year of the  th Olympiad   in Grac  Euseb  Salig  p      Grypus was survived by   sons  the first named Seleucus  whom Josephus said succeeded his father  Antiochus and Philip were the second and third and were twins by Tryphena  daughter to Ptolemy Physcon  king of Egypt  Demetrius Eucarus was the  th and Dionysius the  th","YearBCAD":-97,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3907,"JulPer":4617,"Dating":"3907 AM, 4617 JP, 97 BC"}
{"Index":3891,"EventTxt":"The son  Pharnaces was born to Mithridates Eupator  the king of Pontus and he lived   years   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-96,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3908,"JulPer":4618,"Dating":"3908 AM, 4618 JP, 96 BC"}
{"Index":3892,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Domitius and C  Cassius were consuls  Ptolemy died who was the king of the Cyrenians  Physcon s son by a courtesan  He left the people of Rome as his heir   Livy       Jul  Obsequens de prodigiis  Cassiodorus in Chronica   The cities of that kingdom were enfranchised by a decree of the senate  according to Livy  Although Plutarch in Lucullo stated that the Cyrenaeans soon after were miserably harassed with continual rebellions and wars","YearBCAD":-96,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3908,"JulPer":4618,"Dating":"3908 AM, 4618 JP, 96 BC"}
{"Index":3893,"EventTxt":"Anna the prophetess  daughter of Phanuel  of the tribe of Asher was married and lived with her husband   years from her virginity  Lu","YearBCAD":-95,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3909,"JulPer":4619,"Dating":"3909 AM, 4619 JP, 95 BC"}
{"Index":3894,"EventTxt":"Tigranis  son of Tigranes who was turned over to the Parthians as a hostage  was restored by them to his father s kingdom of Armenia when they received   portions of his land of his country as a gratuity   Strabo           Justin        c     Appian  in Syriac  p      This is deduced from the  th year of his reign and mention will be made later from Plutarch s Lucullus  in the year   AM","YearBCAD":-95,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3909,"JulPer":4619,"Dating":"3909 AM, 4619 JP, 95 BC"}
{"Index":3895,"EventTxt":"Q  Mutius Scaevola was sent as the proconsul into Asia and selected his most intimate friend  P  Rutilius Rufus  for his associate   Pomponius in D  de  orig  Juris  erroneously states he was the proconsul of Asia  He relied on his advice and counsel in managing the affairs of the province and making laws  He also had a great hand in restraining the injuries and exactions of the tax collectors who extremely oppressed that province  As often as anyone who had been wronged by those tax collectors  brought their cause to him  he condemned them no matter who they were  by upright judges  The condemned were turned over to the persons whom they had injured to be confined to prison by them  Moreover  he paid his own expenses and the expenses of his retinue from his own wealth  He soon won the hearts of all in the province toward the people of Rome   Cicero        de oratorc  Diod  Sic  in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-95,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4619,"Dating":"3910a AM, 4619 JP, 95 BC"}
{"Index":3896,"EventTxt":"Seleucus  son of Antiochus Grypus  assembled a considerable force and marched against his uncle Antiochus Cyzicenus  Cyzicenus came with his army from Antioch and fought with him but was defeated  His horse ran away with him into the enemy s camp  When he saw no possibility of escape  he killed himself  He had reigned   years  When Seleucus had won the kingdom he retired to Antioch   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  p      Josephus relates that Cyzicenus was taken prisoner in the fight by Seleucus and afterward killed         c      However Tragus stated that he died in the battle which was fought between him and Grypus  sons         Prolog","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3897,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Domitius  and C  Coelius were consuls  the senate decreed that all persons were prohibited to lend money to the Cretians   Ascon  Pedianus in argument  orat  pro C  Cornelio   See note on   AM   from Dion","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3898,"EventTxt":"Q  Mutius Scaevola resigned the government of Asia after nine months for fear he should be an expense to the treasury   Cicero ad Atticum        epist     cum Asconio Pediano in orat  Cicer  contra L  Pisonem   While he held his office in Asia  he managed it so uprightly and justly that after that time the senate by their decree held up Scaevola s administration as a model and form to be imitated by all those who should succeed him in that province   Voler  Maxim        c      The Greeks also inserted in their calendar a festival day in honour of him  which the Asians called Mutia   Ascon  Pedian  in   tiam contra Verram    Divinationcus contra cundem  Concerning this Cicero wrote   in Verrem  nd   vv Although Mithridates was master in Asia of all that province  he did not put down the rebellion  Although he was an enemy and very violent and cruel in other matters  he would not violate the honour of the man who was hallowed with the ceremonies of the gods","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3899,"EventTxt":"However  his associate Publius Rutilius Rufus  a person of high integrity who had helped in ridding Asia of unjust exactions and wrongs by the tax collectors  was called into question about receiving bribes  This was done by a factious party of the rich land owners whom he with the proconsul had punished for extracting exorbitantly in gathering rents  He was of such an entire trust and innocence that from the day that his accusers had set to accuse him about this  he did not let his beard grow nor put on unfashionable clothes nor set aside his senatorial robes  He was not intimated by his adversaries nor did he try to influence his judges  When the praetor had granted him permission to make his defense  he made a speech worthy of his position  He had such an attitude as would be fitting for every good man  whose lot it was to be burdened with troubles and who rather pitied the case of the state than his own condition  He did not speak a word which might seem to detract from the splendour of his previous years   Livy       Ascon Pedian  in Divinations contra  Verrens  Valer  Maxim        c     Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Oros        c      M  Cicero in his first Dialogue de oratore  states this  vv Seeing that man was the very pattern of innocence  and not one person in the whole city of greater integrity or sanctimony  he did not petition the judges  favour and would not so much as allow his advocates to plead his cause with greater flourishes and embellishments than the bare account of the truth itself would permit  Some few particulars of his defence  he put over to Cotta  an eloquent man and his sister s son  Q  Mutius also pleaded some things on his behalf  after his old manner  without any flourish  plainly and clearly","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3900,"EventTxt":"And in Bruto  vv At what time  that most innocent person was called to trial  by whose judgment we know the state to have been shaken  Although there were then in the city  those two eloquent men  L  Crassus and M  Antonius  he would not have either of them for his advocate  He pleaded his own cause for himself and C  Cotta spoke a few things since he was his sister s son  Although he was a youth  yet he showed himself an orator  Q  Mutius  also spoke in court  clearly indeed and smoothly as he always did yet not with such ardour and volubility as that kind of process and the graveness of the cause required","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3901,"EventTxt":"Thus the rich land owners of Rome  by the virtue of the Gacchian laws had gotten into their hands the power of sitting in judgment  To the great grief of the city  they condemned Rutilius of bribery  There was not a man who ever lived who was more innocent than he was   Vellei  Paterculi         No sooner was sentence past on him and an estimate made in money of what he stood charged in court  but he immediately parted with all that he had  By this he witnessed that he was altogether clear from the crime against him  For all he could gather did not approach the amount his accusers said he had extorted in Asia  He showed that every part of his estate was conveyed to him on just and lawful titles  C  Marius was envious of this man and hated his integrity  Rutilius did not like how matters went at Rome and could not stand Marius  Therefore he voluntarily left his country and went into Asia to live in exile at Mitylene   Dio  ut  supr  p         One of his friends tried to comfort and cheer him up in his banishment  He told him that civil wars would soon happen and then all the banished might return home  He replied  What wrong did I ever do to you that you should wish me a worse return home than I had going into banishment  I had rather that my country should blush at my banishment than grieve at my return home   Seneca  in beneficiis        c","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3902,"EventTxt":"His banishment did in no wise mar his former glory and wealth  All the cities of Asia sent their ambassadors to wait on him  Q  Mutius and whatever cities and kings had formerly been beholding to him for any courtesy  sent to him very many presents  He now had more wealth than he had before his banishment   Valer  Maxim        c     Dio  ut sup  p","YearBCAD":-94,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3910,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4620,"Dating":"3910b AM, 4620 JP, 94 BC"}
{"Index":3903,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Eusebes or the Pius  the son of Antiochus Cyzicenus escaped a plot by Seleucus  his first cousin  A courtesan who fell in love with Antiochus for his beauty  helped foil the plot  However  the Syrians ascribed his escape to his piety for which he had the surname Eusebes  He went to Aradus and set a crown on his head  He started a war against Seleucus  In one battle he gave Seleucus so great a defeat  that he never was able to fight with him again and was chased from Syria   Joseph        c     Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-93,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3911,"JulPer":4621,"Dating":"3911 AM, 4621 JP, 93 BC"}
{"Index":3904,"EventTxt":"Seleucus fled to Cilicia and was received by the Mopsuestians  After a while be began to exact tribute from them  They were so offended by his taxes that they set fire to his palace and burnt both him and his friends alive   Joseph        c      Appian states that he was burnt alive in the public place of exercise because he behaved so violently and tyrannically   Appian p      Eusebius in Chronic  stated that he was burnt alive by Antiochus Cyzicenus  son  However  Porphyrius wrote that after he had fled to the city and knew that the Mopsuestians planned to to burn him alive  he committed suicide   ut supr  p","YearBCAD":-93,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3911,"JulPer":4621,"Dating":"3911 AM, 4621 JP, 93 BC"}
{"Index":3905,"EventTxt":"The two twins of Seleucus  Antiochus and Philip  drew up their forces against Mopsuestia and took it and levelled it even to the ground in revenge for their brother s death  This was no sooner done then Antiochus Pius  the son of Cyzicenus  attacked and defeated them  When Antiochus fled on horseback from the battle  he drowned trying to cross the Orontes River  His brother Philip  to whom Scaliger attributes a coin to belong  which did had this inscription   ILIPPOU EUERTETOU FLLADELFU BASVIAEWSV  and Antiochus Pius began their reigns together from the  rd year of the  st Olympiad  Both of them had considerable forces and fought to see who would be the sole ruler of Syria   Porphyr  ut sup  p","YearBCAD":-93,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3911,"JulPer":4621,"Dating":"3911 AM, 4621 JP, 93 BC"}
{"Index":3906,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Lathurus sent to Cnidus for Demetrius Eucaerus   th son of Antiochus Grypus and made him king of Damascus  Antiochus Pius joined his forces with his brother Philip and opposed him very valiantly for a while   Joseph        c      At length  Antiochus was defeated and forced to flee for refuge to the Parthians   Porphyr  ut sup  Eusebius in Chronic","YearBCAD":-92,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3912,"JulPer":4622,"Dating":"3912 AM, 4622 JP, 92 BC"}
{"Index":3907,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates  the king of Pontus had seized Cappadocia  he killed the two sons of Ariarathes  the king of Cappadocia  He had died in the war against Aristonicus and had two sons by Mithridates  sister Laodice who was not the same person as his sister with the same name  Mithridates turned over the kingdom of Cappadocia to Ariarathes  his own   year old son  and appointed Gordius for his guardian  Nicomedes Philopator  the king of Bithynia was jealous lest after Mithradates had captured Cappadocia  he might attempt to invade Bithynia which bordered on it  He bribed a very handsome youth to say he was the  rd son of Ariarathes and he had more than   sons  He was to petition the senate about restoring him to his father s kingdom  He also sent to Rome Ariarathes  wife Laodice  Mithridates  sister  who after the death of her former husband Ariarathes  was married to Nicomedes  She was to testify that Ariarathes had three sons  As soon as Mithridates knew of this  he also with the like impudence  sent Gordius to Rome  He was to tell the senate that the youth to whom he had placed in the kingdom of Cappadocia  was descended from that Ariarathes who died in the war with Aristonicus  Ariarathes had brought supplies to the Romans and died in the service   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-92,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3913,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4622,"Dating":"3913a AM, 4622 JP, 92 BC"}
{"Index":3908,"EventTxt":"The queen of the Galadeni waged war with the Parthians  Josephus wrote that Antiochus Pius  Cyzicenus  son  was called to help her  He fought gallantly but was killed in a battle  After his death  the kingdom of Syria remained in the power of the two brothers  Grypus  sons  Philip  and Demetrius Eucaerus   Joseph        c      However  Eusebius in Chronic  ends the reign of Seleucus  family in the two years which he attributes to Philip  Grypus  son  However  Appian in the end of his Syriacs stated that after this time Antiochus Pius was driven out of his kingdom by Tygranes  Josephus stated that Philip with his two brothers  Demetrius Eucaerus and Antiochus Dionysius waged war with the kings of Damascus and took over the kingdom of Syria   Joseph        c         It seems more probable that when Antiochus Pius returned from the Parthians  as Porphyrius and Eusebius confirm  that he did not go against his enemies but to a sanctuary and refuge for himself  He recovered that part of Syria which Philip had usurped for   years  Philip  to recover that loss  fought with his two brothers  Demetrius and Antiochus and hoped to add the kingdom of Damascus to his government  These battles between the kings of Syria seem to be those which Livy had described in his  th book  Philip claimed for himself all the remaining parts of Syria which were not in the hand of Cyzicenus  son  The Syrians were finally quite weary of the various skirmishes which Philip had  sometimes with Antiochus Pius and sometimes with his brothers over   years  They deserted the Seleucians and voluntarily put themselves under the command of Tigranes  king of Armenia according to Justin in the beginning of his  th book  Appian         thinks that the surname of Pius  which was given to Antiochus  was given to him in derision by the Syrians because he had married Selene  who had formerly been the wife both of his father Cyzicenus and his uncle Grypus  Therefore he plainly tells us that he was by the just judgment of God  thrown out of the kingdom by Tigranes","YearBCAD":-91,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3913,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4623,"Dating":"3913b AM, 4623 JP, 91 BC"}
{"Index":3909,"EventTxt":"The senate of Rome was well aware of the plans of the two Asiatic kings to steal away another man s kingdom by producing bogus heirs  They took Cappadocia away from Mithridates and to even the score  they took Paphlagonia from Nicomedes  So neither king could claim a victory  they made both those places a free state  The Cappadocians refused this liberty and sent ambassadors to Rome and told them that it was utterly impossible for them to live without a king  The Romans were puzzled at this and gave them permission to elect a king  Ariobarzanes was made king   Justin        c     Strabo        p      The Romans denounced Gordius whom Mithridates had commended to them   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-91,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3913,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4623,"Dating":"3913b AM, 4623 JP, 91 BC"}
{"Index":3910,"EventTxt":"L  Cornelius Sulla s office as a praetor expired  Velleius Pateroulus stated        of his history   he was praetor the year before L  Caesar and P  Rutilius were consuls  He was appointed over Cilicia and was sent as an ambassador to Cappadocia  His trip was for the pretence of establishing Ariobarzanes the newly elected king  in his kingdom  His real reason was to crush Mithridates  designs whose head was full of plots  Sulla brought no great force with him  By the means of the allies who readily offered their service  he slew a large company of the Cappadocians and a far larger number of the Armenians who came to assist Gordius  He threw out Gordius and the young king Ariarathes to whom Gordius was assigned as guardian by Mithridates  Sulla proclaimed Ariobarzanes the king according to the decree of the senate  Mithridates did not say anything against it at that time   Livy       Plutarch in Sulla  Appian  in Mithridatic  p       Bell  Civil        p","YearBCAD":-91,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3914,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4623,"Dating":"3914a AM, 4623 JP, 91 BC"}
{"Index":3911,"EventTxt":"The Parthian ambassadors came to Sulla from their King Arsaces to ask for friendship with the people of Rome   Livy       Sextus Rufus  in Breviario   There was never any communication between those two countries before that  Orobazus  the Parthian  headed the embassy which met with Sulla who was near the Euphrates River  Sulla is said to have had   seats placed  one for Ariobarzanes  another for Orobazus and the  rd for himself  So he sat in between them and listened to what the ambassadors said  Therefore soon after this  the Parthian king killed Orobazus  Others say that he killed Sulla as if he had exposed the barbarians to public derision  While others stated that Orobazus was an arrogant  ambitious  man  It is recorded also that a certain Chalcidian in Orobazus  retinue looked carefully at Sulla s countenance  He observed the temper  bent and motions of his mind and body and his disposition by the wiles of art  He declared publicly that it was impossible for Sulla not to become a great man soon  He wondered that he could tolerate his present office and was not already head of everything   Plut  in Sulla  compared with Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3914,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3914b AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3912,"EventTxt":"As soon as Sulla returned home to Rome  the censors impeached him for bribery who against law had taken a large sum of money from a kingdom to get friendship and amity for them with the Romans  However  he did not prosecute the accusation  but let it pass   Plut  in Sulla","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3914,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3914b AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3913,"EventTxt":"Mithridates used Gordius to persuade Tigranes  the king of Armenia  to side with him in the war which he had been long planning against the Romans  Tigranes did not think that the Romans would take any exception to their war with Cappadocia and with Ariobarzanes  whom the Romans had set up as king over the Cappadocians  Gordius buzzed him in the ear  as if he were but a dull fellow and such an one who had neither spirit nor life in him at all  To seem to play fair play  Mithridates offered his daughter Cleopatra to Tigranes in marriage   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3914,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3914b AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3914,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  Bagoas and Tigranes  commanders drove out Ariobarzanes  As soon as they came  he packed and fled to Rome  Mithridates placed Ariarathes in the kingdom  So with Tigranes  help  Cappadocia began again to be under Mithridates  jurisdiction   Justin       c     Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3915a AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3915,"EventTxt":"At the same time  when Nicomedes Philopator died  the senate of Rome made his son Nicomedes  king of Bithynia  He was his son by Nisa who was a common dancer as Mithridates  Justin        c      calls her  Mithridates sent to Bithynia an army under Nicomedes  older brother Socrates who was called also Nicomedes and surnamed Chrestus or the thrifty  After Socrates had beaten his brother  Nicomedes  he took over the kingdom   Justin        c     Appian  p          Memnon in Excerptis Photii  c","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3915a AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3916,"EventTxt":"When Nicomedes was stripped of his kingdom  he made his humble address to Rome  Thereupon it was decreed in the senate that both he and Ariobarzanes should be restored to their kingdoms  To do this  Manius Aquilius  who quelled the slave war in Sicily and Malthius or  as it is read in the MS  Marcus Altinius   Justin        c     Appian  p           and Lucius Cassius who held Asia Pergamena with a small army  were sent as ambassadors  Mithridates was ordered to help them  However  Mithridates did nothing because the ownership of Cappadocia was then in dispute and the Romans had taken away Phrygia from him   Appian  p         He put them off with a long story of his grievances and showed the ambassadors what vast expenses he had incurred in both public and private accounts   Dio  Legat     in edit  Graca  vel    in Graco latina   Tragus Pompeius has recorded this speech in which Mithridates affirms that his son was turned out of Cappadocia which by the law of nations belonged to him as the victor and also that he had slain Chrestus  King of Bithynia  as a favour to the Romans   Justin       c","YearBCAD":-90,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4624,"Dating":"3915a AM, 4624 JP, 90 BC"}
{"Index":3917,"EventTxt":"Mithridates soon planned to fight with the Romans and drew Tigranes into his plans by their alliance  Mithridates would have the cities and the fields for his share and Tigranes would have the people and the plunder  Mithridates knew what great a task he had undertaken and sent his ambassadors abroad for help  Some he sent to the Cimmerians  others to the Galatians  to the Samaritans and the Basternans  By his gifts and favours  he had secured each of those countries beforehand when he first conceived the idea of fighting the Romans  He also commanded an army to come to him from Scythia   Justin        c      All those who inhabit Tanais  Ister and the Lake Maeotis were ready to help him  He sent also into Egypt and Syria to make an alliance with the kings  He had already   ships with decks and built more every day  He sent for captains and pilots from Phoenicia and Egypt  He also had his father s kingdom which was   miles wide  He got on his side many of the neighbouring countries including the warlike country of Colchi   Appian  in Mithridatic  p         He seized that country which is bounded by the Halys River as far as Amastris and some parts of Paphlagonia  Moreover he annexed to his kingdom the sea coast toward the west to Heraclea  On the other side  he added to Pontus  all the country between Pontus  Colchis and Armenia the lesser   Strabo        p         Aulus Gellius wrote how that he had   countries which paid homage to him as subjects         c      Valerius Maximus         c      Quintilianus         c      and Pliny        c             c      state that he had   counties under his control  Mithridates was so well skilled in everyone of their various languages that he never used any interpreter on any occasion he had to speak with the people  We read also in Sextus Aurelius Victor   de viris illustribus  c      how that he could speak   different languages  However  in this place for   the manuscripts state","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3918,"EventTxt":"The Roman delegates with Cassius  soldiers and some other forces levied from Galatia and Phrygia had established again the kingdoms for Nicomedes in Bithynia and Ariobarzanes in Cappadocia  They advised both of them to attack Mithridates  country which bordered on theirs and by this start a war  They were assured of their help if Mithridates retaliated  Neither of them so much desired to dare to provoke so potent a neighbour by outright acts of hostility  The delegates prevailed on Nicomedes to attack Mithridates  Nicomedes owed huge sums of money to the general treasury and to the delegates themselves for his restitution to the kingdom  He also owed other money which he had borrowed on interest from the Romans in Asia who now called the loan in  Thus he was forced by this pinch and much against his own will  to make inroads into Mithridates  kingdom  He destroyed and pillaged the country as far as the city Amastus without any resistance  For although Mithridates was well prepared for a fight  he restrained himself and allowed the enemy to range at pleasure  This way all the world would see that he did not start the war against the Romans but fought back with just cause   Appian  Mithridatic  p     cum Livy         Dione  Legat     vel      Concerning the insolence of the Romans  Salust  in the  th book of his History  states this of Mithridates in a letter he wrote to Arsaces  vv For why should I lose my kingdoms on every side because it was reported that I was rich and resolved against the Romans  They provoked by the war of Nicomedes that was privy to their wickedness and testified before the kings that afterwards ensued   c","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3919,"EventTxt":"As soon as Nicomedes had returned home with his rich plunder  Mithridates sent Pelopidas the orator to the Roman generals and delegates  He knew well enough that Nicomedes did what he did by their instigation  He reasoned with them concerning the injuries and injustices done to him by Nicomedes  Nicomedes  ambassadors laid all the blame on Mithridates  as having started this war  The Romans replied that they were neither well pleased that Nicomedes should anyway molest Mithridates and neither would they allow Mithridates to recover his losses by waging war with Nicomedes  Mithridates received no better satisfaction  Since he knew the Romans planned to thwart his actions  he sent his son Ariarathes with a huge army to capture Cappadocia  His son soon drove out Ariobarzanes and reigned in his place   Appian  in Mithridatic  p     cf  Livy           Eutrop          Orosius        c      Maltius or M  Altinius  the Roman delegate was defeated there at the same time   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3920,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent his agents to Rome to ask the Romans that if they counted Nicomedes their friend that they would either persuade him or else compel him to do what was just and right  If they held him as an enemy that they would give Mithridates permission to avenge himself of him  The Romans did not gratify him in any one of his demands but threatened him if he did not give back Cappadocia to Ariobarzanes and make peace with Nicomedes  They ordered his ambassadors out of Rome the same day and strictly prohibited him from sending ambassadors to Rome again unless he submitted to their injunctions   Dio  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3921,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Mithridates sent Pelopidas to the Roman generals to tell them that he had sent some ambassadors to complain about them to the senate and therefore warned them to be present to justify their actions  They should not dare to do anything until they had received a decree from the senate and people of Rome  Since Pelopidas sounded somewhat harsh and insolent  the Romans warned Mithridates not to meddle with Nicomedes and to leave Cappadocia  for they would take care of restoring Ariobarzanes  They ordered Pelopidas from the camp and never to return until the king had done what he was told to do  He was sent away with an escort lest he try to bribe anyone along the way   Appian","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3922,"EventTxt":"The Roman generals did not wait for the decree from the senate and the people about this war  They drew their forces from Bithynia  Cappadocia  Paphlagonia and Galatia  They added to these the army that L  Cassius had for securing Asia  They arranged their forces into several divisions  Cassius camped around Bithynia and Galatia  Manius Aquilius had his brigade to secure the passage by which Mithridates had to use to enter Bithynia  Q  Oppius camped in the borders of Cappadocia  Each of them had     foot soldiers and cavalry  They had a fleet also sailing about Byzantium under the command of Minutius Rulus and C  Popilius who were to secure the entrance to the Pontus  Nicomedes also sent     foot soldiers and   cavalry to help them   Appian","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3923,"EventTxt":"Mithridates had in his army     foot soldiers and     cavalry   ships with decks and   galleys with two tiers of oars  He had made other preparations required for so numerous an army  Neoptolemus and Archelaus were two brothers and had the command of these forces  The king personally took charge of many things  Among the auxiliaries  Archathias  Mithridates  son  brought     cavalry from Armenia the lesser  Dorylaus came from Phalanges with heavily armed foot soldiers  Craterus had the command of   chariots with scythes   Appian","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3924,"EventTxt":"As soon as Nicomedes and Mithridates  generals found each other in the plain near the Amnias River  they drew into battle array  Nicomedes used every man he had but Neoptolemus and Archelaus only used their lightly armed foot soldiers and Arcathias  cavalry along with some chariots  They made a phalanx of   men  It was not yet come up but was on the march  The victory was uncertain  Sometimes one side had the upper hand then the other side  At last Mithridates  commanders with their smaller number of soldiers  unleashed their chariots armed with scythes and mowed the enemy down  It was hard to believe how many were killed  Nicomedes was forced to flee with his forces into Paphlagonia  The deserted enemy camp was plundered and the victors took the money   Appian  cf  Memnon  c       Strabo       p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3925,"EventTxt":"Nicomedes was chased from the field of battle and camped near the place where Manius Aquilius was with his brigade  Mithridates took the Scoroba Mountain which divides the Bithynians and the Pontus  He sent   cavalry of Sarmatans as his scouts who attacked   of Nicomedes  cavalry and took some of them prisoners  Neoptolemus and Nemanes  an Armenian  first entered the village of Pacheus about   hours after the battle and overtook Manius Aquilius  as he was drawing off his forces when Nicomedes was gone to Cassius  They forced him to fight when he had with him   cavalry and     foot soldiers  Of these     were killed and  aken prisoner  After this disaster  Aquilius fled as fast as he could toward the Sangarius River and crossed by night and escaped to Pergamus   Appian  cf  Livy","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3926,"EventTxt":"Cassius  Nicomedes and all the Roman delegates moved their camps and marched to Leontocephale which was the best fortified citadel in all Phrygia  They exercised a company of new soldiers whom they had gathered together from among the tradesmen  husbandmen and the scum of the people and made a levy of the Phrygians also  When they saw they would make poor soldiers  they dismissed them all and retreated from there  Cassius marched away with his forces to Apamea  Nicomedes to Pergamos and Aquilius toward Rhodes  As soon as tidings of this were brought to those that were set to keep the entrance into Pontus  they dispersed themselves  They delivered the inlets of Pontus and Nicomedes  ships as a prize to Mithridates   Appian","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3927,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent all the prisoners home that he had taken in this war with provisions for the journey  He hoped by that act of clemency to get a good reputation among his enemies   Appian   This kind jesture was so admired by all  that all the cities came flocking to his side  Ambassadors came to him from all cities and invited him by their public decrees to come to them and called him their god and deliverer  When Mithridates came near a city the people came flocking from various cities in white garments to greet him and received him with great joy and acclamation   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p      The titles of honour which they conferred on him  were too notable and so high for a mere man but were more befitting a god  They called him their god and asked for his help   Athen        c      They called him their lord  father  preserver of Asia  Evius  Dionysius  Nysius  Bromius and Bacchus   Cicero  pro  Flacco   Plutarch gives the reason in the first book of his Symposiacs why the title of Bacchus was given more than all the rest","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3928,"EventTxt":"After Nicomedes had withdrawn to Italy  Mithridates seized on all of Bithynia  so that he had nothing else to do there but to ride in circuit from city to city to settle things and put them in order   Memnon  c     Livy          Strabo        p     Appian  p      From there he marched with a considerable army into Phrygia  a province belonging to the people of Rome   Livy       He stayed in the same quarters which Alexander the Great had done previously  He took this for a very good omen that it happened that he should lodge at night where Alexander himself had slept  So he overran all Phrygia  Mysia and Asia including the provinces which had recently been taken over by the Romans  as far as Caria and Lycia   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3915,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3915b AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3929,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent his commanders around to subdue Lycia  Pamphylia and other places as far as Ionia   Appian  p      He also invaded Paphlagonia and drove out from there Pyloemen the king who was a confederate of the people of Rome   Eutrop        Oros        c     cf  Appian in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3930,"EventTxt":"The Athenians sent an ambassador to Mithridates  He was Athenio  the son by an Egyptian slave of Athenio the peripatetic  After his master died  he was left as the heir and enrolled as a free citizen of Athens  He assumed the name of Aristion  and taught young boys rhetoric and the peripatetic philosophy  He had no sooner wormed his way into the list of the king s favourites but he immediately solicited them through his letters to new ways of running the state   Atheneus        c          Exposidonii Apameni Historia   He was a person who was most impudent and cruel  He imitated the most vile of Mithridates  vices   Plutarch  in Sulla  and his transcriber Dio  in Valesii Excerptis  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3931,"EventTxt":"Mithridates promised security and protection to the Laodiceans who lived near the Lycus River on the condition they turn over the proconsul  Q  Oppio  The proconsul of Pamphylia had retreated with his cavalry and mercenary soldiers  They disbanded the mercenaries and brought Oppius to Mithridates  He ordered the lictors to go before him in derision  Mithridates took him wherever he went and was extremely proud that he had taken a Roman general prisoner   Livy        Athenaus ut supra  c     Appian  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3932,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  side swept all before them in Asia as they went around without opposition  All the cities strangely revolted from the Romans  The Lesbians resolved to surrender to the king and to turn over Aquilius to him  who fled to Mitilene to recover from a disease  Thereupon they sent to Aquilius  lodging  a company of strong youths  They came rushing into the room where Aquilius was and took and bound him  The Lesbians thought that he would be a most rare present and very acceptable to Mithridates   Diod  Sic  in Excerptis Valesii  p      Along with Aquilius the Mitylenians turned over other prisoners to Mithridates","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3933,"EventTxt":"The king carried Aquilius wherever he went  bound on an ass  He had been the head of the embassy and the chief instigator of this war  He forced him with his own mouth to proclaim to the on lookers that he was Manius Aquilius  He was bound to Bastarnes who was about   and a half feet tall  Sometimes he was led on foot in a chain by a trouper  At last after he had been scourged and put on the rack at Pergamos  Mithridates ordered melted gold to be poured down his throat in atonement for the Roman corruption and bribery   Athenaus   Appian  ut supr  cf  Cicero in Orat  prolege Manilia          Tusculan  quaest  Livy         Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3934,"EventTxt":"After the king had appointed governors of the various places he had subdued  he went to Magnesia  Ephesus and Mitylene and was royally welcomed  When he came to Ephesus  the Ephesians took down all the statues of the Romans which they had set up among them   Appian","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3935,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  generals were received favourably by the cities  They found in these cities a good supply of gold and silver which the former kings had horded up and a good provision for war  Using this Mithridates did not need any tribute  so he forgave the cities their arrears of both public and private accounts and granted a release from tribute for   years   Justin        c      He says this of himself  in his letter to Atsaces         Histor  Calust   VV I  in revenge of the injuries done to me  drove Nicomedes from Bithynia  recovered Asia  King Antiochus  spoil and eased Greece of that heavy burden under which it groaned","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3936,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates returned from Ionia  he captured Stratonicea and imposed a fine on it and left a garrison in it  He saw here a very beautiful virgin  called Monima  Philoponeses  daughter  whom he took along with him and put her among his women  He continued his war with the Magnetians  Paphlagonians and with the Lycians because they made some resistance and would not allow him to place his garrisons among them   Appian   In this dispute near the Sipylus Mountain  the Magnetians wounded Archelaus  Mithridates  general  who was pillaging their borders and they killed many of his men   Pausanias in Atticis  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3937,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra the Egyptian queen  thought she had thwarted a plot by her son Alexander and planned his overthrow  However  she was taken by him and put to death  Neither was she in anyway to be pitied  who had done such wicked deeds  She drove her own mother from her marriage bed  She made her two daughters widows by forcing them to barter their husbands  She engaged in a war against one of her sons and did not stop until she had banished him  She deprived the other of his kingdom and his father plotted his murder   Justin        c     cf  Pausanias in Atticis  p     cf  Athenaus        c     cf  Eusebius in Chronico   had Alexander reigned together with his mother for   years   Porphyr  in Greek Euseb  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3938,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was known that Cleopatra was killed by her son  Alexander  the people were in an uproar which made Alexander flee the place  After he left  the Alexandrians sent ambassadors to Cyprus to Ptolemy Lathurus the older brother and turned over the kingdom of Egypt to him  He ruled for   years or as Porphyrius has more exactly stated    years and   months   Justin        c     Pausan  Porphyr    Euseb  ut supr","YearBCAD":-89,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4625,"Dating":"3916a AM, 4625 JP, 89 BC"}
{"Index":3939,"EventTxt":"After the death of her husband  Anna the prophetess  daughter of Phanuel did not leave the temple but served God with fastings and prayers night and day for   years until the time she saw Christ in the temple  Lu","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3940,"EventTxt":"The Italians who revolted from the Romans  sent to Mithridates to ask him to march with his forces into Italy against the Romans  With his help they thought their united forces could easily defeat the Romans  Mithridates replied that he was resolved to march into Italy after he had completed his conquest over Asia with which he was now fully occupied  After Mithridates  refusal to help  the Italians began to despair and lost courage  Thereby the war with the confederates or the Marsian war died away   Diod  Sic  in Bibliotheca  Photii  cod      In this war  among the supplies sent to the Romans from foreign parts as mentioned by Livy         there was sent from the Heracleots of Pontus  two galleys with   tiers of oars  Concerning this  Memnon mentioned in his history of them   c      Among others on the Italian side  Agamemnon the Cilician pirate helped them   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p       P  Orosius  inl     c","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3941,"EventTxt":"Mithridates found that the citizens of Rome who were scattered through the cities of Asia were an hinderance to his plans  He sent private letters from Ephesus to the governors and magistrates of the cities  He ordered them that they all on the same day    days from then  would to kill all the Roman and Italian sojourners with their wives  children and all other free born citizens of the Italians  Their bodies were to be left unburied  One part of their goods was to go to the king and the other to the assassins  He also threatened by a public crier to fine anyone who dared to bury any of the dead or hid any of them that had escaped the massacre  He promised a reward to those that would find any that did this  He promised a slave his liberty if he would murder his Roman master and to the debtor one half of his debt to kill his creditor  These instructions were secretly sent to all of them  When the appointed day came  it was not possible to count the great numbers of Roman citizens who were massacred at that time and in what a sad state most of the provinces were in  How pitiful a state of those that were killed and those that killed them  Everyone was compelled either to betray his innocent guests and friends or they would be fined   Appian  in Mithridatic  p              cf  Cicero  in Orat  prologue Manilia    pro Flacco  and with Memnon in Excerpt  c     with Livy        with Velleio Patercul        c     with Flor        c     with Eutrop          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3942,"EventTxt":"The Ephesians dragged those that had taken sanctuary in Diana s temple from the very embraces of their shrines and killed them  The Pergamenians were killed with arrows as they clung to the statues in the temple of Esculapius where they had fled for help and could not be persuaded to leave  The Adramytrians killed them with their children in the waters as they attempted to swim across the sea  The Caunians after their victory over Antiochus  were placed under the Rhodians and a little before that they were restored by the senate to their privileges and counted as Italians  They had escaped to the sacred court of that city from the very altars  After they had killed the infants before their mother s eyes  they killed the mothers and then their husbands   Appian  ut supra  p      The Trallians did not kill anyone but to avoid the scandal of killing those who lived with them  hired a bloody fellow  Theophilus  a Paphlagonian to do the job  He acted so savagely that he shut them up in the temple of concord and then attacked them with his sword and cut off their hands as they embraced the statues   Id  ibid  compared with Dion  in Excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3943,"EventTxt":"P  Rutilus Rufus who had been the consul  lived in banishment among the Mitylenians  He escaped the king s fury against all Roman men by dressing like a philosopher   Cicero  pro  C  Rubinio Posthumo   The fable of Theophanes the Mitylenian who wrote the affairs of Pompey the Great  is not to be credited at all  He wrote that in the fort Kaita  which was taken by Pompey  there was found among other precious secrets of Mithridates a speech of Rutilius in which he blamed the king for this cruel massacre of the Romans   Plutarch in Pompey  Other Romans like Rutilius changed their clothes to better escape the danger which was at that time so imminent   Athena        c      The floating islands of Calaminae  in Lydia  saved many of the citizens   Pliny       c      However  for all this  in that one day     were killed   Memnon  c     Valer  Maxim        c      and not     as stated by Plutarch   in Sulla  and by Dion who followed his history   Legat     or","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3944,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sailed over to Cos where he found a party willing to receive him  The Cosians gave him the son  Alexander  of that Alexander  who had reigned in Egypt previously whom his grandmother  Cleopatra  had left in Cos with a large supply of money  He adopted him as his own son and raised him  Mithridates was well supplied from Cleopatra s treasures with wealth  exquisite pieces made by the craftsmen  jewels  all things belonging to women s dresses and a huge hoard of money  He sent all this away to Pontus   Appian  in Mithridaticis  p              Bell  Civil        p      Josephus from the books of Strabo s histories stated that Mithridates carried away in addition to those treasures which belonged to Cleopatra    talents of the Jews  money  He thought that it was deposited by the Jews in Asia in that island from fear of the Mithridatic war and that the money was intended for the temple of Jerusalem         c","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3945,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of his reign in Egypt and his  th in Cyprus  Alexander  the father of this young Alexander  was defeated in a naval battle by the Egyptians under their admiral Tyrhus who was of royal blood  Alexander was forced with his wife and daughter  to flee to Myra  a city in Lycia  From there as he was sailing toward Cyprus  he was found by Chaereas  a sea captain and was killed   Porphyr  in Grac  Eusebius  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3946,"EventTxt":"Athenio or Aristio  the Athenian ambassador was returning home to the Athenians from Asia from seeing Mithridates  He was driven by a storm to Carystia in Eubaea  The Athenians sent some long ships and a chair supported by silver feet to bring him home  Most of the city ran out of yje town to greet him  No sooner had he gotten the power of the city into his own hands  but he acted like a tyrant  He either killed those who favoured the Romans or else turned them over to Mithridates  To avoid this  many escaped to Amisus  a colony of the Athenians in Asia and were allowed into the city   Possidonius  Apamenus  apud Athenaum        c     cf  Plutarch in Lucullo  cf  Pausianias in Atticis  p","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3947,"EventTxt":"Those Italians who escaped from Asia  found a sanctuary at Rhodes  L  Cassius the proconsul of Asia was one of these  The Rhodians fortified their walls and ports and positioned their engines  They were helped by some Telmissrans and Lycians  When Mithridates and his fleet approached  they pulled down the suburbs so that they might not be a shelter to the enemy or serviceable to them  They put their ships into fighting formation  some in the front and others on the sides   Appian  The Rhodian ships were out numbered but in everything else they were superior  They had experienced pilots and better knew how to arrange their ships and work the oars  They had more valiant soldiers and the more skilled and courageous commanders  On the contrary  the Cappadocians were but fresh water soldiers and had little experience in naval battles  They did everything in a disorderly way which proved their undoing   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3948,"EventTxt":"The Cappadocians were now ready to engage with the enemy at sea in the presence of their king and desired to prove their loyalty and affections to him  Since their only advantage was in the number of their ships  they tried to intercept the enemy s fleet by surprise   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p     Finally after sunset  Damagoras the admiral of the Rhodian fleet  attacked   of the king s ships with his    He sank   and and forced another   to flee to Lycia  After spending the night at sea  he returned back again  In this encounter  one of the Chian ships  an ally of Rhodes  on the way attacked Mithridates  ship as he was encouraging his soldiers  The king almost fell into the enemy s hands and he later punished the captain and pilot and was displeased with all the Chians  After this  as Mithridates  land forces were sailing to him from Asia in ships and galleys  a sudden storm drove them onto Rhodes  The Rhodians attacked them as they were disordered and dispersed by the storm  They boarded some ships  sank others and burned others  They captured   prisoners  At last  Mithridates brought his engines and scaling  ladders to take the city  He was driven off and forced to retreat from Rhodes in disgrace   Appian  cf  Memnon c       Livy","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3949,"EventTxt":"From there he went to Patara and besieged it  Since he did not have materials for engines  he began to cut down Latona s grove  He had a dream that ordered him to stop and not to cut down those consecrated trees  He left Pelopidas to carry on the war in Lycia and he sent Archelaus into Greece to draw either by any means as many cities as he could into his alliance  While he entrusted his commanders with many great businesses  he busied himself in levying of soldiers  making arms and sporting about with his Stratonicean women  He also was busy in the examination of all persons who were charged of treason  either by attempting to kill him or overthrow the state or were in any way so inclined   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3950,"EventTxt":"Archelaus  the king s general  was sent ahead into Achaia with     foot soldiers and cavalry  He had the city of Athens surrendered to him by Aristo the Athenian   Livy       Eutrop        Oras        c      From there he went with his fleet and provisions to Delos which had revolted from the Athenians and destroyed other citadels  He also took money which had been dedicated to Apollo and sent it away by Aristo to the Athenians with an escort of   soldiers for safety   Appian  p         Apellicon Teius   Appian        c      an Athenian citizen was a most intimate friend of Athenion or Aristo since they were both peripatetics  He quickly came with some companies of foot soldiers to Delos  He stayed there a while and thought he was safe enough  He did not place the guards with the care he should have and did not secure the hinder part of the island with a garrison or trench  Orobius or Orbius  the general of the Roman army was entrusted with Delos  He saw the man s negligence and imprudence and came with his forces on a dark night  He attacked them when they were in a deep sleep and had been drinking  He cut the throats of   of the Athenians and their auxiliaries  as if they had been so many sheep  He took about   alive  However  Apellicon escaped who so unworthily commanded that force  Many of them fled to the nearby villages for safety but Orobius pursued them and set fire to the houses  and burnt both them their siege engines and other engines that belonged to the league  When he was all done  he erected a monument and altar with this inscription  Here lies with sea  a foreign nation near The shores of D  which died fighting here  When those of Athens spoiled the holy isle  The Cappadocian king received a foil","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3916,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3916b AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3951,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent Methrophanes with another band of soldiers and slaughtered many in Eubae  the country of Demetrias and Magnesia who were opposed to the king  Bryttius  or Brutius Sura  praetor of Sentius Macedonias and delegate  as Plutarch shows  with some small forces which he brought from Macedonia attacked him at sea  He sank one large ship and one ship called Hemiolia  He killed all the men that were in them while Metrophanes stood by looking on  The sight seemed so dreadful to him that he hoisted sail and got away as fast as he could  Bryttius chased him but the wind favoured Metrophanes  Bryttius was happy to give up the chase and attack Sciathus an island which was the common hang out for the barbarian thieves and robbers  As soon as he conquered the place  he hung all the slaves that were found there and the he punished the free men with the loss of their hands   Appian","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3917a AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3952,"EventTxt":"One of the sons of Mithridates held that ancient kingdom of Pontus and Bosphorus as far as the waste above the lake of Maeotis and no one opposed him  The other Ariarathes  proceeded in the conquest of Thracia and Macedonia  The various generals whom Mithridates sent with armies stayed in other quarters  Archelaus was the head of them and with his fleet controlled almost all of the sea  He brought the islands of Cyclades under his jurisdiction and as many others as lay within Malea   Plutarch in Sulla   Eretria  Chalcis and all Eubaea came and sided with Mithridates   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-88,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4626,"Dating":"3917a AM, 4626 JP, 88 BC"}
{"Index":3953,"EventTxt":"Lucius Sulla the proconsul with L  Cornelius Cinna the consul marched into Greece with   legions and some other companies to manage the Mithridatic war   Plutarch  in Sulla  Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Appian  in Mithridatic  p             Civ  Bell  p      Mithridates at that time stayed at Pergamos where he was very busy distributing among his friends his wealth  principalities and places of command  Among the many signs which happened to Mithridates while he stayed at Pergamos  it is said that at the same instant that Sulla put to sea with his fleet from Italy  the men of Pergamos in the theatre were letting down with an engine a statue of victory bearing a crown upon Mithridates  head  It happened that when the crown had just come to his head  it fell to the ground and was broken in pieces  This accident was taken as a bad omen and the people were struck with horror  Although everything was going well for him at that time  Mithridates was also greatly amazed   Plutarch in Sulla","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3917b AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3954,"EventTxt":"Among the other strange visions which appeared to Mithridates when he first planned his war against the allies of the people of Rome  are these ones  Julias Obsequens says this happened at the time of the consulship of L  Sulla and Q  Pompey  At Stratopedo  where the senate usually sat  the crows killed a vulture with their beaks  The form of Isis seemed attacked with thunder and a huge star fell from heaven on the same place  At that time Mithridates was busy in burning the grove dedicated to the Furies  a great laughing was heard but no one could be found who laughed  When by the advice of the soothsayers  he would have sacrificed a virgin to the Furies  a sudden fit of laughing burst forth from the throat of the damsel which disturbed the sacrifice","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3917b AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3955,"EventTxt":"M  Cicero at Rome  studied under Molon the Rhodian  who was the most famous for pleading of causes and the best instructer   Cicero in Bruto   This was that Alabandensian Orator from Caria  as described later by Strabo   See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3917b AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3956,"EventTxt":"When Sulla entered Attica  he sent part of his forces to oppose Aristion in the city  He personally marched immediately to Pineum where Archelaus  Mithridates  general  had retreated within the walls   Appian","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3917,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3917b AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3957,"EventTxt":"The winter season was drawing on and Sulla camped near Eleusine where he made a deep trench from the mountains to the sea  He wanted ships that he sent to Rhodes  to bring him supplies   Appian","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3918a AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3958,"EventTxt":"Finally in March  Sulla took Athens which was very short of provisions  He relates this in his commentaries  htij hmera sumpiptz malisa th noumtwia tou Anbesheiatnos mtwosA su wht tucgw upomtimata pollad pou lga t epom beian oliqrou kn t fqoeas dxeiuhj drazsinA ws tote kn pxi t ceonqn sheinon malisa tou hataklusmossumpesontos  Plutarch","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3918a AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3959,"EventTxt":"Comparing that day with the beginning of the month Anthesterion  it was the time when the memory of Ogygis  flood is celebrated by the Athenians  The Athenian lunar month of Anthesterion in Plutarch s time corresponded to March  However  the incorrect calendar of the Romans  the month of March happened on the Athenian month Poseidon which on the Julian calendar was in December","YearBCAD":-87,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4627,"Dating":"3918a AM, 4627 JP, 87 BC"}
{"Index":3960,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians found it impossible to bring supplies to Sulla by sea because of Mithridates  fleets which policed the seas  They advised L  Lucullus  a man of great repute among the Romans and one of Sulla s ambassadors to sail secretly to Syria  Egypt and Libya  He was to gather what ships he could from the king s cities and bring them to join with the Rhodian fleet  He set out in the midst of winter and was not deterred by the unfavourable sailing weather  He left with   Greek and   Rhodian galleys  He risked his life on the sea and the many enemy ships that patrolled the area  In spite of this  he arrived at Crete and got that island to help him   Appian  Mithridatic  p     Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3961,"EventTxt":"When Athens was taken  Aristio the tyrant and others retreated into the fort of Athens  After they had been besieged by Curio for a long time  they were forced to surrender for lack of water  On the same day at the very time Curio brought the tyrant from the fort  the sky suddenly became overcast and there was a violent rain storm which supplied the fort with fresh water  Sulla executed Aristion and his company and any who held an office among them or had any ways violated the constitutions which the Romans established among them after their conquest of Greece  To all the others he granted his free pardon   Appian Mithridatic p        Plutarch in Sulla  Strabo        p      Pausan stated that when Aristio fled to the temple of Minerva for sanctuary  Sulla commanded him to be dragged there and put to death   in Attic  p      Others say that he was poisoned by Sulla   Plutarch  in Sulla","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3962,"EventTxt":"Magnesia was the only city in all Asia which remained loyal to the Romans and valiantly fought against Mithridates   Livy","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3963,"EventTxt":"Lucullus noted that the Cyrenians were always ruled by tyrants and continually embroiled in war  He settled the affairs of their state and enacted laws to secure the peace of the state for the future   Plutarch in Lucullo   After they had been taken over by the Romans   years earlier  they had been grievously oppressed by Nicocrates and his brother Leandri  They had recently been relieved from their oppression through Aretaphila  Nicocrates  wife  Plutarch show this in his little book of women s virtues    years later  Cyrene was made a province by the Romans as noted by Appian   See note on   AM    Josephus stated from books of Strabo s histories that at this time Cyrene was disturbed by a rebellion of the Jews and that Lucullus was quickly sent there by Sulla to pacify it   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3964,"EventTxt":"As Lucullus was sailing from Cyrene to Egypt  he nearly lost all his ships by a sudden attack of pirates  He escaped safely in person to Alexandria where he was received with a great deal of honour  The whole fleet was gloriously decorated and went to meet him as was their custom anytime their king returned from the sea  Ptolemy Lathurus  whom Plutarch incorrectly calls a youth  treated him very courteously  He gave him his lodging and his table at court  which was never before known to be done to any foreign commander  He allowed him   times the usual amount to pay his expenses  Lucullus only took what was necessary and refused all presents although some were worth   talents  It is said that he did not go to Memphis nor went to see any of the famous wonders of Egypt  He considered those things as sights for tourists and not for one who had left his general in the open field marching against the garrisons of the enemy   Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3965,"EventTxt":"Aurelius Victor writes that Lucullus won Ptolemy king of Alexandria  over to his side with Sulla the consul   de  vir  illistr  c      However  at that time  Sulla was not a consul but a proconsul  Also Ptolemy would not ally himself with Sulla for fear of being attacked  However Ptolemy allowed Lucullus ships to take him to Cyprus  When he was leaving  Ptolemy greeted him and gave him an emerald set in gold  Lucullus first refused this but when the king showed him the king s own picture engraved on it  Lucullus dared not refuse lest the king thought he left unhappy with him and he be attacked at sea   Plutarch  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3966,"EventTxt":"Lucullus with those ships he had gathered from among the port towns as he sailed by  condemned all who had been engaged in piracy  He sailed over into Cyprus  He was told that the enemy was lurking under the promontories to catch him  He sailed his fleet into harbour and wrote to the cities around there to provide him with winter quarters and provisions  He pretended that he would stay there with his fleet until spring  However  as soon as the wind was favourable  he put to sea again  In the daytime he sailed with low sails and in the night he spread all the canvas he had  By this trick  he arrived safely with his fleet at Rhodes   Plutarch  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3967,"EventTxt":"Cinna the consul  sent his colleague Lucius Valerius Flaccus with   legions into Asia to govern the province and to manage the war against Mithridates  He was a novice soldier and therefore C  Fimbria  one of the senators went along with him  He was a man of reputation among the soldiers  Livy  Aurelius  Victor and Orosius  call him Flaccus  delegate  Dio  his lieutenant general  Strabo  his quaestor  Velleius Paterculus  general of the cavalry  When they undertook this task  the senate ordered them to help Sulla as long as he was loyal to the senate otherwise they should fight with him  Soon after they had put to sea from Brundusium  many of their ships were ravaged by a storm  Ships from Mithridates burned the ships which were damaged   Memnon  c     Livy       Strabo        p     Vellei Patercul        c    Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Appian        Bell  Civil  p       in Mithridatic  p     cf  Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3968,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  general  Taxiles  marched from Thracia and Macedonia with     foot soldiers      cavalry and   chariots with scythes  He asked Archelaus to help him and they combined their forces  They had     men  Memnon acknowledges more than      consisting of Thracians  Pontics  Scythians  Cappodicians  Bithynians  Galatians  Phrygians and others who came from Mithridates  new provinces  Sulla brought along with him L  Hortensius  who had   men from Italy  They fought with Taxiles near Chaeronea even thought he only had about   cavalry and     foot soldiers according to Plutarch  However  Appian stated that his whole body was so small that it was less than a third the size of the enemy  Sulla won and killed       of the enemy   or     as in Livy s Epitome  and pillaged their camp  Archelaus escaped to Chalcis with not many more than     men  Sulla stated that he lost about   men  others say    Two of the supposed dead returned to the camp at evening   Memnon  c     Livy       Plutarch in Sulla  Appina  in Mithridatic  Eutrop        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3969,"EventTxt":"Sulla received news that Flaccus  the consul who was in an opposing political party  was sailing across the Ionian Sea with some legions under the pretence that he came against Mithridates but he came to fight Sulla  Sulla marched into Thessalia to meet him   Plutarch   Flaccus was a poor person to lead the army  He was poorly qualified  covetous  rigorous and cruel when punishing his soldiers  His soldiers detested him so much that part of those who were sent by him into Thessalia  defected to Sulla  The rest would have also revolted had it not been for Fimbria  who was reputed the better soldier and of a softer temper   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3970,"EventTxt":"Since the Romans had no navy  Archelaus roved about the islands quite secure and made havock anywhere he pleased all along the coast  He ventured ashore and laid siege to Cerinthus  He was attacked in the night by some Romans who were strangers in those parts  He hurried to his ships again and sailed back to Chalois more likely a pirate than a warrior   Appian","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3971,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was much appalled by the news of his defeat but he was not discouraged too much  He made new levies from all the countries under his dominion  He feared lest some be encouraged by his defeat to revolt from him  Therefore he though it best to secure all those he suspected before the war broke out afresh   Appian","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3972,"EventTxt":"He began with the tetrarchs of the Galatians  as well those whom he had about him as his friends  as those who were not as yet subdued by him  He killed them all with their wives and children  except   who escaped  He surprised some by treachery and the rest he massacred in one night at a party  He was jealous that none of them would remain loyal to him if Sulla chanced to come into those parts  After he confiscated their gods  he placed garrisons into their cities and made Eumachus governor over the whole country  Shortly after the tetrarchs escaped  they gathered a force and drove him and his garrisons from Galatia  Hence  Mithridates had nothing from that country but money   Appian","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3973,"EventTxt":"He was angry with the Chians  ever since that time a ship of theirs in the naval battle with the Rhodians happened to attack the king s ship  He first set to sell the goods of all the citizens who defected to Sulla  After that  he sent some persons to spy on the Roman faction among the Chians  At last  Zenobius  or as Memnon wrote  Dorylaus  came there with an army under the pretence of going into Greece  He surprised the Chians by night and captured their strongest forts  After this  he placed guards at the gates of the city and he assembled the citizens together  He compelled them to turn over their arms and the best men s sons for hostages  These were sent to Erithiae  After this  Mithridates sent letters to the Chians about asking for   talents in compensation  They were forced to take down the ornaments from their temples and make their women give up their jewellery to pay this  In spite of this  Zenobius picked a quarrel with them pretending that their money was not enough  He ordered the men to separate themselves from the women and children to be carried by ship into the Euxine Sea to Mithridates  He divided their lands among the Pontics   Appian  cf  Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3974,"EventTxt":"The Heraclians  who were good friends of the Chians attacked the Pontic ships which carried the captives on the way and brought them into their city  They did not make any resistance at all for they were out numbered  At that time they relieved the Chians and gave them what they needed  In time  they restored them to their own country after being very generous to them   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3975,"EventTxt":"The Ephesians ordered Zenobius as he approached the city with his soldiers  to lay down his arms at the gate of the city and to enter with a very small company  He was contented to do so and went to Philopoemenes  the father to Monima  one of Mithridates  concubines  From there he had a town crier summon the Ephesians together  Since they expected no good thing from him  they deferred the assembly until the next day  That night  they met together and urged each other to attack Zonobius  So they cast him into prison and killed him there  They placed their guards on the walls and they armed the common people  They arranged them into companies and brought home the grain from the fields  They secured the youth of the city from making any riots  The Trallians  Hypaepenians  Mesopolites and some others  among whom the Smyrdeans  Sardians and Colophonians  are mentioned by Orosius        c      were terrified by the terrible disaster that had recently happened to the Chians  When they heard of the Ephesians exploits  they followed their example   Appian","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3918,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3918b AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3976,"EventTxt":"Fimbria  out distanced Flaccus and got a long way ahead of him in his march  He thought that now was a good time for some civil disorder  Therefore to endear his soldiers to him  he permitted them to make incursions into the countries of their allies  They could do what they pleased and take anyone they met captive  The soldiers really liked this idea so that within a few days they had gathered an abundance of wealth by their plundering  Those who had been robbed of their goods  went to meet the consul  Flaccus  They complained bitterly to him of the wrongs they had received  He was very upset by this and ordered them to follow him  He personally would see that restitution was made to everyone that had been robbed  He threatened and ordered Fimbria immediately to return to the owners whatever had been taken away from them  Fimbria placed full blame on the soldiers who did this without any orders from him  However  he secretly told them to ignore the consuls commands nor allow that to be taken from them which they had gotten by law of arms  After this when Flaccus demanded that restitution be made for their rapine and added threats to his commands  the soldiers refused to obey  There was a great rebellion in the camp   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3977,"EventTxt":"On his march to meet Flaccus  when Sulla had come as far as the town of Melitea  he received news from various places that the country which he left behind was over run with another army of the kings as much as before  For Dorylaus had arrived at Chalcis with a large fleet  in which he carried     armed men who were the most exercised and best experienced of all Mithridates  soldiers  He attacked Reotis and after he captured all that region  he marched to fight with Sulla   Plutarch in Sulla","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3978,"EventTxt":"This Dorylaus was the son of Philaetor who was the brother to that Dorylaus  the general   See note on   AM     He was raised by Mithridates who liked him very much  When he was a man  the king promoted him to the highest honours of which the highest was being appointed the priesthood of Comana in Pontus  The king invited his relatives  the sons of Dorylaus the general and Sterota  a woman of Macetis  Lagera  whose daughter was the mother to Strabo the geographer and Stratarcha  after their father s death to come to him at Cnossus   Strabo        p                p","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3979,"EventTxt":"Dorylaus with his      Plutarch and Appian  or with      Eutropius and Orosius  choice soldiers joined with Archelaus  forces  He had only     left of his former army and tried in vain to convince Dorylaus not to attack Sulla  They attacked Sulla near Orchomenus and lost     men  Appian and Orosius  or      Eutropsus   Archelaus  son  Diogenes was killed  Soon after this  they had a second battle  and in this the rest of Mithridates  forces were destroyed  For     were driven into a nearby moor and there butchered  They cried for mercy but the Romans did not understand their language and so they killed them  Many more were forced into a river and drowned  The rest of the miserable wretches were killed on every side   Appian  cf  Livy          Eutropius          Orosius        c      Plutarch stated that the marshes overflowed with the blood of the dead and that a pool was filled up with dead bodies  So much so that   years later in his time many of the barbarians  bows  helmets  pieces of coats of mail and swords were found buried in the mud","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3980,"EventTxt":"Archelaus spent   days  Plutarch on Sulla  or   days  Eutropius        hiding in the marshes of the Orchomenians  stripped and naked  At last  he found a little boat and sailed into Chalcis  Wherever he met with any of Mithridates  forces  he hastily assembled them into a body of troops  Sulla  pillaged and made what havock he could in Boeotia  It used to revolt at every new crisis  From there he passed into Thessaly and there made his winter quarters  He expected Lucullus  arrival with ships  When he heard no news of his coming  he built other ships   Appian   Livy stated         that Archelaus surrendered himself and the king s fleet to Sulla  Aurelius Victor wrote that by Archelaus  treachery  Sulla intercepted the fleet   de vir  illustrib  c      It was evident that there was frequent secret communications between Sulla and Archelaus as well for other reasons  For Sulla had given to Archelaus     acres in Eubaea  where Chalcis was  However  Sulla tried to remove all those suspicions in his commentaries   Plutarch  in Sulla    Dio followed him  Legat     or     Although some expressions in a letter of Mithridates to Arsaces implied that those suspicions were so firmly rooted into men s minds that they were not easily removed   Salust s Histories         vv Archelaus the most unworthy of those that were under me  thwarted my plans by his betraying my army","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3981,"EventTxt":"Strabo stated that Archelaus  who waged war against Sulla  was highly admired by the Romans  Sulla and the senate   Strabo        p             p","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3982,"EventTxt":"In the interim  Flaccus came to Byzantium  where Fimbria had caused the soldiers to revolt against him  Flaccus ordered his soldiers to stay outside the walls  while he entered the city  Thereupon Fimbria began to accuse Flaccus of receiving money from the citizens of Byzantium and that he had gone to pamper himself in the city while they endured the harshness of winter in the open fields in their tents  These speeches so highly enraged the soldiers that they broke into the city and killed a few whom they met by chance on the way  They dispersed themselves into various houses   Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3983,"EventTxt":"L  Valerius Flaccus passed through the region of Byzantium into Bithynia and camped at Nicaea   Memnon c      Cicero  in his Oration for Flaccus  this man s son  stated  vv It was the same time when all Asia shut her gates to L  Flaccus  the consul or now rather proconsul  but not only received that Cappadocian  Mithridates  into their cities but sent deliberately to invite him to them","YearBCAD":-86,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4628,"Dating":"3919a AM, 4628 JP, 86 BC"}
{"Index":3984,"EventTxt":"When some differences arose between Fimbria and Flaccus  treasurer  Flaccus was chosen as an arbitrator  He had so little regard for Fimbria s honour  that Fimbria threatened  as Appian has it   to return home to Rome  or  as it is in Dion  Flaccus threatened to send him to Rome whether he wanted to go or not  Thereupon Fimbria so vilely reproached Flaccus that Flaccus took away his command from him and assigned another to replace him   Appian  p     Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3985,"EventTxt":"After this dispute  Fimbria was discharged  Aurelius Victor  de vir  illustirb  c      and went to the soldiers at Byzantium  He greeted them as if he was going to Rome and desired letters from them to take to their friends there  He complained moreover of the great injustice done to him and reminded them of the good turns he had done for them and that they should take heed and look out for themselves  He secretly hinted by this that Flaccus had some plot against them  His words were well received and they wished him well  However they were jealous of Flaccus  Then he ascended the platform and in plain words incited them against Flaccus and among other things he charged Flaccus with bribing him to betray them   Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3986,"EventTxt":"When Fimbria had again crossed the Hellespont  he stirred up his soldiers to acts of plunder and all kind of villainies  He exacted money from the cities and divided it among the soldiers whom he let do as they wished without restraint  They were attracted by the hopes of a large income and loved Fimbria all the more   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3987,"EventTxt":"When Flaccus had gone towards Chalcedon with his fleet  Fimbria took the advantage of his absence  He began first with Thermus who was left in charge  He took away from him the fasces or ensigns of his authority as if he had taken that office on him from the army  Fimbria chased after Flaccus  However  Flaccus fled and hid in a private man s house  In the night  he scaled the wall and stole away first to Chalcedon and from there to Nicomedia and had the gates shut  Fimbria followed him closely and made the Roman consul  or rather one that had been consul  as Velleius terms him  and the commander in chief of this war to hide himself in a well  Fimbria dragged him from there and killed him  After he had cut off Flaccus  head  he threw it into the sea  but left the body lying unburied on the ground   Appian  p        cf  Memnon  c        Livy       Velleius  Patercul        c     Strabo        p     Aurelius  Victor  de viris illustrib  c       Orosius        c      Fimbria allowed his solders to plunder Nicomedia   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3988,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent an army against those that had revolted from him  After he had defeated them  he acted most rigorously against them   Appian  p      He forced all the cities in Asia and miserably pillaged the province   Livy        He feared lest others should prove disloyal and made the cities of Greece free  He promised by a public crier to cancel all the debts of all the debtors  all prisoners would be allowed to live freely in their own cities and all slaves would be set free  He hoped that by these acts of grace he might buy the loyalty of all debtors  prisoners and slaves so they would help keep him in power  This happened not long after   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3989,"EventTxt":"In the meantime the king s intimate friends  Mynio and Philotimus who were Smyrneans  and Clisthenes and Asclepiodotus who were from Lesbos conspired against Mithridates  Asclepiodotus had been sometimes commander of his mercenary soldiers  Asclepiodotus himself was the first to talk  To obtain credit for what he said  he had the king lie under a bed and listen to what Mysion would say  The treason was thus exposed and all the conspirators died on the rack  Many others were shrewdly suspected to have a hand in it    Pergamedians were seized because they were thought to be in on this conspiracy and others in other cities  Then the king sent his inquisitors into all parts who executed about   men for this conspiracy  Everyone of the inquisitors charged their enemies with treasonable conduct  Not long after this  the accusers were either punished by Sulla or killed themselves or accompanied Mithridates in his flight to Pontus   Appian  p        cf  Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3990,"EventTxt":"Among others  Diodorus  Mithridates  praetor  who claimed to be an academic philosopher  a lawyer and a rhetorician  killed all the elders of the Adramitteans to please the king  He went with the king into Pontus when the king was deposed  He starved himself to death to prevent the disgrace which was likely to happen to him because of some great crimes which he was charged with   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3991,"EventTxt":"L  Lucullus with the help of some Rhodian ships and that fleet which he gathered together from Cyprus  Phoenicia and Pamphylia  wasted all the enemy s coasts  Now and then by the way  he fought with Mithridates  fleet   Appian         He persuaded the citizens of Cos and the Cnidians  to expel the king s garrisons and to take up arms with him against the Samians  He drove the king s party from Chios  He relieved the Colophonians and set them at liberty  He seized Epigonius  their king   Plutarch in Lucullo   Through Marena s help  he brought Mithridates  fleet to Sulla   Aurel  Victor  de viris illustrib  c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3919,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3919b AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3992,"EventTxt":"After C  Fimbria had killed Flaccus in Bithynia and taken his army  he was made their general   Velleius        c      He controlled some cities  Some voluntarily submitted to him while others were forced to submit   Memnon  c      He killed many people not for any just reason but merely to gratify his passion and from cruelty  For one time he ordered some posts to be fastened to the ground  to which he was used to have men bound and scourged to death  When he saw that there were more posts available than condemned persons  he ordered his soldiers to seize some of the crowd that stood by and bind them to the posts lest the posts appear to have been set up in vain   Dio  in excerptis Valesii  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3993,"EventTxt":"When Fimbria entered Cizicum  he claimed to be their friend  As soon as he was in  he began to charge all the wealthiest of them with some crime or other  After he had condemned two principal men of the city  he had them whipped with rods to terrify the rest  After this he had them decapitated and sold their goods  This forced others from fear to give to him all that they had   Diod  Sic  in Excerpt Valefii  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3994,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  the son of Mithridates  joined with Taxiles  Diophantes  and Menander  three most expert commanders  With a good army they marched against Fimbria  Because of the huge number of enemy soldiers  Fimbria lost some men in the battle  They came to a river which parted both armies  In a great storm of rain which happened before morning  Fimbria crossed the river and so surprised the enemy as they lay asleep in their tents so that they never knew he was there  He made such great slaughter of them that very few  only of the commanders and cavalry escaped   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3995,"EventTxt":"Among those who escaped  was Mithridates  the king s son  He was chased from Asia to Miletopolis and arrived safely from there with a company of cavalry to his father at Pergamos  Fimbria attacked the king s ships as they lay in harbour and drove him from Pergamos  After he had taken the city  he pursued him as he fled into Pitane  He besieged him and endeavoured to make a trench about the place    Memnon  c     Livy       Appian  p     Plut  in Lucullo  Aurel  Victor  de vir  illustr  c     Oros        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3996,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was now driven from the land by Fimbria and trapped in a corner facing the sea  He summoned together all his fleet from their various places  He did not want to fight with Fimbria who was clever and a conqueror  When Fimbria saw this happen  he quickly sent to Lucullus to ask him to bring his fleet and unite with him in taking this king who was the most bitter and cruel enemy of the people of Rome  If Lucullus had placed the public good ahead of his private animosities  they would have captured Mithridates  However  he did not and Mithridates escaped   Plut    Oros        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3997,"EventTxt":"After Mithridates escaped with his fleet to Mitylene  Fimbria went up and down the province and levied fines on those that supported Mithridates  He destroyed the grounds of any who would not let him into their city   Appian  ut  sup   He recovered most of Asia for the Romans because of the various defections of the cities from Mithridates   Memnon  c     Livy","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3998,"EventTxt":"When Fimbria tried to take Troy  they sent to Sulla for help  After Sulla agreed to help  he warned Fimbria not to meddle any further with those that had submitted to him  He commended Troy for returning to that alliance they formerly had with the people of Rome  He also said it did not really matter who they submitted to  since both Sulla and Fimbria were Roman citizens and they all descended from the Trojans  In spite of all this  Fimbria stormed the city and entered it upon the    th day  He bragged had he had taken the city in only     days when Agamemnon with a fleet of a   ships and the whole power of Greece had much trouble taking it in   years  A certain man said the reason was  vv There was not among us an Hector who would stand bravely to defend the city","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":3999,"EventTxt":"He indiscriminately killed all that he met and burned almost the whole city  He tormented to death those who were in the embassy to Sulla  Neither did he spare the holy things nor those who had fled to the temple of Minerva for sanctuary but burnt them and the temple together  Moreover he pulled down the walls  The next day he surrounded the city and looked for anything that had escaped his fury  He did not allow any fair court or consecrated house or statue to be left in the city   Livy       Strabo        p     Appian  p     Dio  in Excerpt  Valesii  p     Oros        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4000,"EventTxt":"Fimbria ordered Troy burned to be because they were somewhat slow in opening the gates to him  Aurelius Victor wrote that Minerva s temple stood untouched   De viris illistrib  c      He said  vv It was without all doubt preserved by the goddess herself","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4001,"EventTxt":"However  Julius Obsequens and Appian affirm that the temple was burned  Among its ruins the Palladium that ancient image  which was supposed to be taken by Diomedes and Ulysses in the time of the Trojan war  was found safe and unharmed  Fimbria found this out  as Servius noted on the second book on the Aeneid  and it was later carried to Rome  However  Strabo stated that several similar images of Minerva were shown at Lavinium  Luceria and Siritis  as though they had been brought from Troy         p      Appian wrote that this destruction of Troy happened in the  rd Olympiad   p      and   years after its destruction by Agamemnon  However  according to Eratosthenes  Apollodorus and Diodorus Siculus  there were   years between that first destruction of Troy and the  th year of the  rd Olympiad when Troy was destroyed again","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4002,"EventTxt":"Lucullus first routed the king s fleet near Lection in Troas  At Tenedos  he saw Neoptolemus sailing toward him with a larger ship than before  He sailed some distance ahead of his fleet in a Rhodian ship with five tiers of oars  Damagoras was the captain of the ship and was very skilled in naval fights  He favoured the Romans  Neoptolemus sailed on him very fast and ordered the pilot to direct his forecastle against the enemy ship  Demagoras feared the size of the king s ship and the force of its brazen prow  He dared not to close in the front but ordered to the pilot to stop the course of the ship by turning her hastily about  So by breaking the blow  the enemy sailed quickly on  The ship was not harmed since he only struck some parts of the ship which were underwater  As soon as the rest of the fleet came to him  Lucullus commanded the pilot to steer about  After displaying his valour  he compelled the enemy to hoist sail and sailed as fast as he could in the pursuit of Neoptolemus   Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4003,"EventTxt":"Aretas  king of Coelosyria was invited by the citizens of Damascus to be over the government because they disliked Ptolemy Mennaeus  Aretas entered with an army into Judaea  After he had defeated Alexander Jannaeus at Adida  he marched home after securing terms of peace with Alexander   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4004,"EventTxt":"When Cinna and Carbo started a civil disorder in Rome  they violently attacked the most eminent persons of the city without any restraint  Most of the nobility stole away first into Achaia and later to Asia to Sulla  In a short time  there was in his camp many senators   Vellet  Patercul  lib     c     Plutarch  in Sulla    from him Dio  in Excerpt  Vales  p      All urged him to come to the relief of his own country which was in extreme danger and almost lost   Eutrop        Oros        c      Metella  his wife  barely escaped with her own life and her children and came to his house  She told Sulla that his house and its village were burned by the enemy and therefore begged him to come and help the city   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4005,"EventTxt":"After Mithridates considered how many men he had lost in so short a time since he first advanced into Greece  he wrote to Archesaus to make peace with Sulla on as honourable conditions as he could get   Appian  p      Sulla was now in a great perplexity  He did not want to abandon his country in that sad state it was in  nor did he want to leave Asia with an unfinished war with Mithridates  Thereupon Archelaus of Delos offered to negotiate the treaty and had some hopes and secret instructions from Archelaus the king s general  Sulla was very well pleased by this and he hurried to go and confer with Archelaus  They met at sea near Delos  where Apollo s temple stands  Archelaus began by demanding of Sulla that he would abandon his Asian and Pontic expedition and go home to put down the civil war there  He said that the king  his master  would supply him with what silver  ships  or men  he needed  Sulla replied and told him to abandon Mithridates and reign in his stead  He would call Archelaus an ally and friend of Rome  if he would turn over the king s fleet to him  Archelaus detested so treacherous an act  Finally  Sulla set forth some conditions of peace to be made with the king   Plutarch in Sulla   Among the conditions was one that the king should withdraw all his garrisons from all places except those in which he had soldiers before the war broke out  When Archelaus heard this  he immediately removed the garrisons  Archelaus wrote the king concerning the other articles to know what the king wanted to do   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4006,"EventTxt":"When the articles were agreed on  Sulla withdrew to Hellespont  and crossed through Thessalie and Macedonia  Archelaus accompanied him and Sulla treated him very civilly  When Archelaus became quite sick near Larissa  Sulla stopped his march and took just as much care of him as if he had been one of his own commanders or praetors  All this increased the suspicion that Mithridates had of Archelaus in that he did not fight as well as he could in the battle at Chaeronea   Plutarch  in Sulla  Dio  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4007,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors from Mithridates came to Sulla  They said the terms about the surrender Paphlagonia and the ships were unacceptable  They added that they could get easier conditions from the other general  Fimbria  Sulla replied in a rage that Fimbria would smart for this and that he himself would see  as soon as he came into Asia  whether Mithridates stood in greater need of peace or war  Archelaus interceded with Sulla and took him by the hand and calmed his fury with his tears  At last he intreated that he might be sent to Mithridates  He said that Mithridates would either conclude a peace on Sulla s terms or else if he refused to sign those articles  he would either kill Mithridates  or else  for the Greek copies vary  kill himself   Plutarch in Sulla  Dio  Legat     or    Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4008,"EventTxt":"Six years before he died  Alexander Jannaeus  after he concluded a peace with Aretas  led an army against the neighbouring people and took the city Dia by storm   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4009,"EventTxt":"Archelaus returned from Mithridates and met with Sulla at Philippi in Macedonia  He told him that everything happened as he wished and that Mithridates wanted to meet with him  Thereupon Sulla marched through Thracia to Cypsela and sent Lucullus who had come with his fleet to him before him to Abydos  Lucullus gave him a safe passage from the Chersonesses and helped him in transporting the army   Plutarch in Sulla    Lucullo  Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4010,"EventTxt":"Sulla met with Mithridates at Dardanus  a town of Troas  Mithridates had there with him    ships with oars      foot soldiers and   cavalry and a number of chariots armed with scythes  Sulla had   regiments of foot soldiers and   cavalry  Both of them went aside to talk in the field with a small retinue while each army looked on  Mithridates came to him and reaching out his right hand  Sulla asked him  whether he would accept a peace on Archelaus  conditions  The king demurred for a while and each of them hurled complaints and accusations at each other  Finally  Mithridates was frightened by Sulla s passionate speeches and consented to those articles of peace which were offered to Archelaus  After this  Sulla greeted him  He embraced and kissed him   Memnon  c     Plutarch  in Sulla  Dio  Legat     or    Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4011,"EventTxt":"The articles of peace were these  Mithridates would be content with what was his father s kingdom in Pontus and would not have anything to do with Asia or Paphlagonia  He would release all commanders  delegates  prisoners  renegades  fugitives  the Chians and any he had carried away as captives with him from the cities into Pontus  He would give the Romans   or  as Memnon has it    ships  pointed with brass  with all their equipment  Lastly  the cities which were now under the Roman jurisdiction  would not be questioned for defecting to the Romans  However shortly after  the Romans brought many of them under slavery and bondage  contrary to the tenor of the articles for peace   Memnon  Plutarch in Sulla   Dio transcribing Plutarch  Legat     or    Appian  p     Livy       Vellei  Patercul  lib     c      Thus was the first Mithridatic war which began   years earlier was ended by Sulla  In less than three years time  Sulla killed     of the enemy  recovered Greece  Macedonia  Ionia  Asia and various other countries which Mithridates had captured  He took the king s fleet and confined the king himself to his father s kingdom   Appian        Bell  Civil  p     cum Mithridatic  p                The most remarkable thing about Sulla was his discipline  Although Canna and Marius  factions were in Italy for   years yet Sulla did not conceal his intention of coming against them to fight them  Nor did he lay aside the business he had now in hand  He thought it best to first crush the enemy and then to avenge a cit  first to secure from fear abroad by defeating a foreigner and later to repress a rebellion at home   Velles  Patercul        c     cf  Plutarch in Collat  Sulla   Lysandri","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4012,"EventTxt":"Mithridates surrendered his ships to Sulla with   archers with other things required in the covenant  He sailed with the remainder of his ships into his father s kingdom to Pontus   Memnon  ut supra  Strabo        p     Plutarch  and out of him Dio  Legat     or    Appian  p      Sulla saw that this peace did not sit well with the soldiers  They were grieved to see the king sail away out of Asia who was the most bitter enemy they had and who had slain in one day  so many thousands of Roman citizens who lived in Asia  He left with his treasure and the spoils he had got in the war from Asia which he had almost exhausted for some years by plunder and force  Sulla cleared himself by telling them that he was glad to be rid of Mithridates on any condition for fear he should have joined with Fimbria  If he had done that Sulla would be too weak to fight with both of them   Plutarch and Dio  ibid","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4013,"EventTxt":"From there  Sulla moved within a quarter mile of Fimbria who camped about Thyatira  Sulla demanded him to turn over the armies to him since he assumed that command illegally  Fimbria replied stoutly that he did not take orders from Sulla  Thereupon Sulla laid siege and began to make his trench  Fimbria s soldiers came running from their garrison to greet Sulla s men and were very helpful to them in making the trench   Plutarch ibid  Appian  p     Oros        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4014,"EventTxt":"Fimbria was taken back by the sudden change and assembled the rest of the soldiers and desired them to by loyal to him  When they absolutely refused to fight against their fellow citizens  he tore his garment and shook everyone of them by the hand  He begged them not to desert him  When that did not prevail and when he saw very many were stealing away to the enemy  he went to the colonel s tents  He bribed some of them and then summoned the soldiers again and pressed upon them an oath of allegiance  When the Venetians cried out that every soldier ought to be called by name to the oath  he ordered the crier to name only those were bribed first  Nonius was called who had been his accomplice in all villainous attempts and refused to swear  Fimbria drew his sword at him and threatened to kill him but was glad to stop because the soldiers by a common shout resented that action   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4015,"EventTxt":"After this  Fimbria bribed a slave with money and hopes of his freedom  He was to go to Sulla s camp and pretend as if he had been a renegade and there to stab Sulla  His heart began to fail him in the task and Sulla suspected that by his trembling he came with no good intentions  Thereupon he laid hold on him  and the slave confessed the whole business  This filled Sulla s army with anger and scorn  Those who were standing about Fimbria s trench  called him Athenio by way of reproach  This was the name of the one who was king for a few days over the slaves in Sicily   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4016,"EventTxt":"When Fimbria saw that this plot had failed  he gave up all hope  He fled to a strong fort and from there invited Sulla to a talk  Sulla would not go himself but sent Rutilius in his place  This went to Fimbria s heart that Sulla would not come to him  This was never to be denied even to common enemies  He had craved pardon because of his immaturity  Rutilius replied that Sulla was willing to pardon him if he should pass safely to the sea side on the condition he would leave Asia  of which he was the proconsul  to Sulla and sail away  Fimbria told him he knew a better way than that  He returned to Pergamos and went into Esculapius  temple  He stabbed himself with his sword  When he found the wound was not mortal  he asked his servant to kill him  This he did and then he killed himself  Sulla gave his body to be buried by his chief servants   Appian p     cf  Livy       Vellei Patercul       c     Plutarch in Sulla Aurel  Victor  de vir  illustribus c       Oros        c","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4017,"EventTxt":"Fimbria s army came and offered their services to Sulla  He entertained them and added them to his own troops  Soon after  he sent Cuno with a command to establish Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes in their kingdoms  He sent also a full account of all the events to the senate and took no notice at all that they had declared him an enemy to the state   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-85,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4629,"Dating":"3920a AM, 4629 JP, 85 BC"}
{"Index":4018,"EventTxt":"Sulla rebuilt Troy which was destroyed by Fimbria   Oros        c     cf  Strabo        p      He also settled the affairs of the province of Asia  enfranchised the Trojans  Chians  Rhodians  Lycians  Magnesians and various other people  He enrolled them among the allies of the people of Rome either as remuneration for their help in the wars or to cheer them up after those great calamities which they had undergone from their loyalty to Romans  He sent his soldiers to all other towns to proclaim that all slaves who had received their freedom from Mithridates must return immediately to their masters  This edict was slighted by many and many cities revolted because of it  Many slaves and free born were killed on various occasions  The walls of many towns in Asia were demolished and some of the inhabitants were sold  Any men or city that were found to be for the Cappadocians  were severely fined  The Ephesians were especially punished who through scorn had taken down from their temples the Roman offerings   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4019,"EventTxt":"After all was peaceful again  criers were sent throughout the province to summon the leaders of all the cities in Asia to come to Sulla at Ephesus on a set day  When they met together  Sulla made a speech to them from the judgment seat  He told them how well the Romans had helped the Asians and what a poor response the Asians had given  At the end of his speech  he pronounced this sentence on them  VV I fine you a whole five years of tribute which I charge you presently to pay down to the last penny  Moreover  you shall disburse the money spent on this war and what other sum the present state and condition of the province shall require  I shall lay the tax on the cities proportionally and appoint a time for the payment  Any who default on this  I shall consider as enemies","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4020,"EventTxt":"After he said this  he distributed the fine by portions to the lieutenants and assigned persons also to collect it   Appian p         For that reason  he divided Asia into   regions which Cassindius mentions in his chronicle  This happened when L  Cinna was consul for the  th time and Cn  Papyrias was consul for the  nd time  Cicero in his first epistle of his first book and Q  Frateus confirmed that this tribute was imposed on all parts alike  Likewise does Sulla in his speech Flaccus says that he laid it proportionally upon all the cities of Asia","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4021,"EventTxt":"Plutarch writes that Sulla besides this fine of     talents which he levied from the whole  he annoyed various ones of them by quartering his insolent and unruly soldiers in their private houses  He ordered every landlord to pay to a soldier quartered in his house    drachmas a day  He was to provide him his supper as well as for any friends he brought along to supper  A captain was to have   drachmas a day and two suits of clothes  One was to wear at home and another outside   Plutarch in Sulla   Lucullus was in charge of collecting the general tax of     talents and of coining the money  This seemed a relief to the cities of Asia from Sulla s hard usage  Lucullus always behaved himself in an harmless and upright manner and dealt with them mercifully and mildly  This was befitting the sad state of affairs that Asia was in   Plutarch  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4022,"EventTxt":"The cities were extremely impoverished and up to their ears in debt  Some sold their theatres to the loan sharks  others their places of receipt  or their citadels  or their ports  or something which belonged to the public  The soldiers were very harsh with them and pressed them for their money  After payment was made  they carried the money to Sulla  Asia in the meanwhile bemoaned its sad state   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4023,"EventTxt":"At this same time  the pirates were busy in all parts of Asia  They appeared so publicly as if they had been so many legal fleets  They were first put to sea by Mithridates  who was likely to loose all he had gotten in those parts  hence he resolved to do what mischief he could  Now they had increased to so large a number that they were dangerous to ships and threatened the ports  citadels and towns  It is certain that Jassus  Samur  Clazomenae and Samothrace were taken when Sulla stayed in these regions  It is generally reported that they took out of the temple at Samothrace many ornaments estimated to be valued at   talents  Sulla did nothing  either because he thought these places were unworthy of his protection because they had behaved basely toward him or because he hurried to Rome to settle the civil disorders  Hence Sulla sailed to Greece   Appian p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4024,"EventTxt":"Sulla offered to take P  Rutilius Rufus home to Rome  He had lived as an exile at Mitylene  He refused and stayed in banishment lest he might do anything which was not legal  Rufus moved to Smyrna   Valer  Maxim        c     Seneca  epistle    Quintilian       c     Dio in Excerpt  Vales  p      He was made a free citizen of that city  Cicero  pro Bibli   and there spent his years in study   Oros        c      He could never be persuaded to return home to his country   Dio in Excerpt  Vales  p      Seneca  de providentia  c      said of him  vv Is Rutilius to be looked on as unfortunate because those that condemned him will plead his cause in all ages  Because he was more contented to allow himself to be expelled from his country than to part with his banishment  Because he only of all the rest  dared to deny Sulla the dictator something and when he was called home not only would not come back  but went farther away","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4025,"EventTxt":"Ovid  Pent        Elea      said  Et grave magnanimi robur mirate Rutili  Non cui reditus conditione dati  Smyrna vitum tenuit Rutilius his fortitude admire  Who being called home  had rather still re  In banishment at Smyrna than re  For Sulla s proffer he alone did scorn","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4026,"EventTxt":"Alexander  son of Ptolemy Alexander  previous king of Egypt fled from Mithridates  He was turned over by the Chians to Sulla who entertained him and had him as a close friend  Alexander went along with Sulla from Asia into Greece and from there to Rome   Appian        Bell  civil  p     Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p     fin","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4027,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus led his army against Essa or Gerasa  where Theodoras  son of Zeno  had stored everything he had of greatest value  After he had surrounded the place with a triple wall  he finally captured it   Joseph        Antiq  c     cf c             Bell  c","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4028,"EventTxt":"L  Muraena with the two Fimbrian  or Valesian  legions  was left behind by Sulla to arrange matters in Asia   Appian  p      Julius Exuperantius says this concerning Sulla  vv He left Muraena  his lieutenant over the province and appointed him over the Valesian soldiers whose loyalty to the civil wars he was unsure of  With the other part of the army he marched away to suppress the Marian faction which had revolted","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4029,"EventTxt":"That author wrote this passage as happening before Sulla started the war with Mithridates  At that time there was no Valesian or Fimbrian legions  These did not exist until after the war was ended","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4030,"EventTxt":"L  Lucullus was left as governor in Asia with Munaera the praetor  He behaved so discreetly while he had the command of the province  that he got much credit for it   Cicero in Lucullo   Lucullus was kept busy in Asia and was not involved in the fighting of Sulla and Marius in Italy   Plutarch  in civil  Vita","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4031,"EventTxt":"Sulla sailed with his fleet from Ephesus and arrived the  rd day at Pyraeeum  After he had performed his religious duties  he went to the library of Apellicon the Teian who had many rare books of Aristotle and Theophrastus   Plutarch in Sulla   Apellicon was rich and had purchased Aristotle s library and many other good libraries beside  He got also into his hands by stealth from Metroum  the temple of the Phrygian goddess  the originals of the decrees which were published by their ancestors  From other cities he gathered whatever was either ancient or secret and valued as a rarity   Athenaus        c     ex Posidon  Apameno   For all this  he was a person who was more enamoured with the sight of the books than the study of them  He had purchased for a large sum of money from the heirs of Nileus Scepsius  the books of Aristotle and Theophrastus  Many were spoiled by water and were worm eaten  He repaired those places which were eaten out and he transcribed the books again  He supplied the missing passages as best he could so that the books he had were full of errors  When he died  Sulla took his library  Strabo        p      and enriched his own library at Rome with it   Lucian  in    adversus indoctum","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4032,"EventTxt":"Mithridates returned to Pontus and quickly subdued many of those countries which had revolted from him when he was in his low estate   Memnon  c      He started with the Colchi  When they saw him marching toward them  they desired that his son Mithridates might be appointed king over them  As soon as this was done  they returned to their obedience  The king was jealous that his son s ambition was the cause of that action and recalled him  He bound him with chains of gold for a while and not long after this he killed him  Thus was in spite of the outstanding service he had done for him in Asia against Fimbria   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4033,"EventTxt":"When Sulla was at Athens  he became sick and his feet numb  Hence he sailed to Adipsus and he used the hot baths there  He passed his time watching stage plays   Plutarch in Sylla","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3920,"JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3920 AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4034,"EventTxt":"Sulla arrived with his army at Brundusium  in the  th Olympiad   Appian  Bell  Civil        p      when L  Scipio and C  Corbanus were consuls   Livy       Julius Obsequens deprodigiis  Eutroplus         He returned into Italy  on the  th year after leaving and not after the  th year  as Julius Obsequens stated","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4035,"EventTxt":"When the Thebans revolted from Ptolemy Lathurus  he waged war against them   Pausan  in Attic  p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4036,"EventTxt":"L  Lucullus was very desirous to have the Mitylenians  who had publicly revolted from Sulla  to acknowledge their fault and to submit to some easy punishment for following Manius  When he saw they grew more furious with this suggestion  he attacked them with his fleet and defeated them  They were forced to retire within their walls  While he attacked the town in the daytime he sailed in plain view toward Elea  He came back again secretly in the night and after he cast anchor  he placed an ambush near the city  The Mitylenians came rushing from the town in great disorder and very furiously  They intended to seize the enemy camp because they thought the enemy had deserted it  Lucullus attacked them before they knew what happened and captured a large number of prisoners  He killed any that resisted and led away   as slaves and took with him much plunder   Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4037,"EventTxt":"Mithridates provided a fleet and a large army to go against the Bosphoranes  who had revolted from him  The preparation he made was so considerable  that most thought  as Cicero intimates  in Oration prolege Manilia  he never intended to make use of it against the Bosphorans but against the Romans  For he had not surrendered to Ariobarzines the whole of Cappadocia but kept some places of it for himself  He also suspected that Archelaus when he was in Greece  had granted more to Sulla than was fitting in the articles of peace   Appian  in Mithridatic  p      Archelaus hurried away in fear to L  Murena and by his instigation prevailed with him to wage war on Mithridates before he did   Appian in his Mithridatic   Archelaus defected to Sulla  whose deputy Murena was in Asia   Dio        Orosius stated        c      that he and his wife and children defected to Sulla  Hence little credit in this matter should be give to Memnon  who stated that Archelaus stayed with Mithridates and stood with him in the last Mithridatic war   See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4038,"EventTxt":"L  Murena had a burning desire for a triumph and renewed the war with Mithridates   Livy       Appian  in Mithridatic  p      He passed through Cappadocia and he invaded Comana  the largest city under Mithridates  command  It was famous for its religion and costly temple  He killed some of the king s cavaliers   Appian  in his Mithridatic p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4039,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent ambassadors to Murena  These were Greek philosophers and rather condemned the king than commended him in their pleading the articles of peace concluded with Sulla  Murena denied that he ever saw any such covenants  Sulla never wrote any but was content with the performance of what was agreed on between them and so left the country  After this  Murena started plundering and not sparing the money which was consecrated for holy uses  He made his winter quarters in Cappadocia  He established the kingdom more securely for Ariobarzanes than ever it was and built the city  Ecinina  on the frontiers of Mithridates  kingdom   Memnon p     Appian  p","YearBCAD":-84,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4630,"Dating":"3921a AM, 4630 JP, 84 BC"}
{"Index":4040,"EventTxt":"There was a mutual enmity of the Seleucians among the Syrians of both the kings  The kingdom of Syria was quite exhausted by a futile war  Therefore the people looked to foreign kings for help  Some thought to ask for help from Mithridates  king of Pontus  others to invite Ptolemy from Egypt but thought better of it  Mithridates was engaged already in a war with the Romans and Ptolemy was always a professed enemy to Syria  Hence they decided on Tigranes  king of Armenia  In addition to his own strength at home  he was allied with the Parthians and with Mithridates  He was called into the kingdom of Syria and held it   years  Justin        c           until the time that Pompey took it from him and added it to the Roman Empire","YearBCAD":-83,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4631,"Dating":"3921b AM, 4631 JP, 83 BC"}
{"Index":4041,"EventTxt":"of those   years  Magadates was over Syria with an army  as Tigranes  viceroy  until the time he was forced to march away with that army to help his king  After the defeat of Tigranes  the kingdom of Syria was given by Lucullus to Antiochus Asiaticus   Appian  in Syriac  p             In the interim  Antiochus Pius  the father to Asiaticus who was dispossessed by Tygranes of Syria as far as from the Euphrates River to the sea shore and by him dispossessed also of part of Cilicia  He stayed close for a while in another part of Cilicia which neither Tigranes nor the Romans meddled with   Appian  in Mithridatic  p     Justin        c      His wife Selene with her two sons  reigned in Phoenicia and some other parts of lower Syria   Josephus Antiq       c  ult  Cicero in Verrem","YearBCAD":-83,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4631,"Dating":"3921b AM, 4631 JP, 83 BC"}
{"Index":4042,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent both to the senate and to Sulla to complain of Murena   Appian  p      He and Murena sent ambassadors to oppose each other and asked the Heraclians for supplies  They saw the dreadful power of the Romans on the one side and they feared the closeness of Mithridates on the other side  They told the ambassadors that in such a storm of war as this  it was all they could do to protect their homes much less help others   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-83,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4631,"Dating":"3921b AM, 4631 JP, 83 BC"}
{"Index":4043,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus captured Gaulana and Seleucia   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-83,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3921,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4631,"Dating":"3921b AM, 4631 JP, 83 BC"}
{"Index":4044,"EventTxt":"L  Murena crossed over the large Halys River when it was swollen by heavy rains and captured   of Mithridates  villages  The king did not oppose him since he expected the return of his ambassadors from Rome  When Murena thought he had obtained enough booty  he returned back again into Phrygia and Galatia  Callidius who was sent to Murena from Rome after Mithridates  complaints  gave him no decree of the senate  Instead he publicly denounced him that he should not molest the king who was a confederate with the Romans  After this  he took him aside and in the presence of others  talked with him privately  In spite of this  Murena continued to invade the frontiers of Mithridates   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-83,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3922,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4631,"Dating":"3922a AM, 4631 JP, 83 BC"}
{"Index":4045,"EventTxt":"Some advised Murena to invade Sinope and attempt to capture the king s palace  For once that was taken  the other places would be subdued without any difficulty  However  Mithridates had well fortified that place with garrisons and now started to take action   Memnon   c      He ordered Gordius to attack the neighbouring villages  while he got together many cattle  wagons and countrymen as well as soldiers and camped on the other side of the bank  opposite to Murena s camp  Neither side fought until Mithridates had come with a larger army and then there was a bloody fight between them  The king crossed over the river in spite of Murena s fighting  He defeated Murena and forced him to retreat to a naturally fortified hill and to hurry quickly through the mountains to get to Phrygia  He lost many of his men in both the flight and the fight   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3922,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3922b AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4046,"EventTxt":"News of this so famous and quick victory spread quickly  When they heard the news  many sided with Mithridates  He drove out of Cappadocia  all of Murena s garrisons of soldiers and he made a great bonfire on the top of a high hill  after his country s custom  He offered sacrifices to Stratiw Dii  or to Jupiter  powerful in war   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3922,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3922b AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4047,"EventTxt":"L  Cornelius Sulla was appointed dictator so that he might restore the state to its ancient customs  He allowed M  Tullius and Cornelius Dolobella to be elected as consuls although he was in charge of everything and over them too   Appian        Bell  civil  p      In the beginning of their consulship he triumphed gloriously over King Mithridates  Eutrop        February  rd as it appears by the pieces of the marble on which the triumph was engraved  This day occurred in the Julian month of November  Although that triumph was very great in regard to the stateliness of it and rarity of the spoils they had taken from the king  yet it was made more excellent by the exiles  For the most eminent men and chief of the city wore crowns on their heads and attended Sulla s chariot  They called him their deliverer and their father since by his means they were brought back to their native country and had their wives and children restored to them   Plutarch in Sulla","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4048,"EventTxt":"There is one thing Sulla deserved commendation for  When he resigned the command in Asia  he rode in triumph  he did not have around him anyone from the towns belonging to the Romans  as he did of many cities in Greece and Asia   Valer  Maximus        c      Sulla transferred     pounds of gold and   of silver to the treasury which his son C  Marius had brought after the burning of the capital and other devoted places to Praeneste  He also the day before transferred all the other spoils of the victory     pounds of gold and     of silver   Pliny       c      From this it is obvious that the triumph lasted for   days","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4049,"EventTxt":"After Alexander Jannaeus had subdued the valley  called Antiochus  valley and the fort Gamala  he put Demetrius as governor of those places beside his command there  He had received many accusations against him  At just the end of the third year of his expedition  he led his army home again  The Jews gave him a hearty welcome home for his good success  At this time the Jews kept many of the cities of the Syrians  Idumaeans and Phoenicians near the sea coast  These were the towns of Straton  Apollonia  Joppe  Jamnia  Azotus  Gaza  Anthedon  Raphia  Rhinocorura  In the Mediterranean region in the country of Idumaea  Adora  Mansia  Samaria the mountains also of Carmel and Itabyr  Besides these were Scythopolis  Gadara  Gaulanitis  Seleucia and Gabala  Some Moabite cities also were Essebon  Medeba  Lemba  Oronas  Telithon  Zara  Aulon of Cilicia and Pella  The last of which they demolished because the inhabitants refused to submit to the Jewish ceremonies  They occupied some other major cities of Syria which they recently annexed to their kingdom   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4050,"EventTxt":"L  Cornelius Sulla  thought it was unjust that Mithridates a confederate of Rome should be bothered by war  He sent Aulus Gabinius to charge Murena in good earnest to stop fighting with Mithridates and that he should try to reconcile Mithridates and Ariobarzanes to each other  At that meeting  Mithridates had given his   year old son as an hostage to Ariobarzanes  This was under a pretence while he still retained part of Cappadocia which he had garrisoned  He made a general entertainment for the company  During this he offered a certain weight of gold to those that could win at drinking or eating  jeering  singing and other solemn sports  Everybody participated except Gabinius   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4051,"EventTxt":"Thus was the  nd Mithridatic war ended in its  rd year  Appian  in Mithridatic  p         In this war  Murena had done much injury to Mithridates  He withdrew leaving Mithridates weaker but not crushed  Cicero said in his speech for Murena his son that he was a help to his father in his difficulties  a comfort in his labours and a rejoicer in his victories  Cicero        against Vetres  stated that the people of Milesia on Murena s orders built   ships from the revenues of the people of Rome as well as taxes from various Asian cities  This fleet was to serve the Romans in all wars at sea  Asconius Pedianus noted this in the same book or the Oration against Vertes","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4052,"EventTxt":"L  Lucullus spent the time of his quaestorship in the peace of Asia  while Murena was waging war in Pontus   Cicero in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4053,"EventTxt":"Sulla recalled Murena from Asia   Cicero prolege Manilia   M  Thermus succeeded him in the praetorship of Asia   Sucton in Julio  c      It is likely that Lucullus was recalled from his quaestership at the same time with Murena  We think this because he sat on the bench at Rome with Aquillus Gallus who was the judge in Quintius  case  Aukus Gellius        c      and Hierom   in Chronic   said this was pleaded by Cicero in his  th year when M  Tillius and Cn  Colobella were consuls","YearBCAD":-82,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4632,"Dating":"3923a AM, 4632 JP, 82 BC"}
{"Index":4054,"EventTxt":"As soon as Alexander Jannaeus had a little relief from wars  he became sick with a fever for   years  This was caused in part by his intemperance  In spite of this he kept up his military activities   Joseph        Bell  c             Antiq  c","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4055,"EventTxt":"When L  Murena came to Rome he was given an honourable triumph  His son graced his triumph with some military presents  He had served under him while he was general and made his father s victory and triumph the only purpose in his fighting   Cicero pro Murena","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4056,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was now at peace and subdued the Bosphorus and appointed Machares  one of his sons  to be king over that country   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4057,"EventTxt":"Molo  the rhetorician  came with ambassadors to the senate concerning the rewards for the Rhodians  He was the first of any strangers that had audience without an interpreter  He deserved that honour for the Roman s eloquence was indebted to him for that force and vigour which it had  At that time  Cicero studied under him  Cicero in Bruto  Valerius Manimus        c      as he had done also some   years earlier  See note on  b","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4058,"EventTxt":"Julius Caesar was sent by M  Thermus as praetor of Asia  He sent to Bithynia to get the fleet and stayed a while with Nicomedes  It was rumoured that he had prostituted his chastity for the king s lust  The rumour was strengthened when he returned again to Bithynia in a very short time under the pretence of getting some money which was due to a certain free man who was one of his clients   Sueton  in Julio  c","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4059,"EventTxt":"Whenever L  Cornelius Sulla found among the slaves a strong young fellow  he made him a free man  He freed more than     men and he called them Cornelians  after his name  His plan was that he might have the loyalty of at least     in the city among the common people to side with him in all emergencies   Appian       Bell  Civil  p           Servius  on the tenth of the Eneiods   thinks Polyhistor was one of those who were made free citizens by Sulla  Alexander Polyhistor lived in Sulla s time and was made free and surnamed Cornelius  Suidas in Alexandrwtw Milhsiw  confirms that he was named after his patron Cornelius Lentulus  to whom he was sold and whose schoolmaster he was  For Suidas calls this grammarian Crateris  scholar  Milesium whom Stephanus Byzantinus claimed to be the son of Aselepiades of Cotyaeum  a city in the lesser Phrygia and to have written   books about all kinds of things  Eusebius cites him        Evangelic  Praparat  c      where also he cites many passages from the book which Polyhistor wrote about the Jews","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4060,"EventTxt":"After Ptolemy Lathurus had subdued the Thebans in the  rd year of their revolt  he fined them so much that before this they were one of the richest cities in Greece but now they were among the poorest  Pausanias  in his Atticks  p      stated this as if it belonged to the Boeotian Thebes and not to the Egyptians  Whereas we have noted from Appian  Mithridatic  p      how that almost at the very same time in which the Thebans revolted from Ptolemy that greater Thebes of Boeotia  defected from Archelaus  Mithridates  general  to Sulla the Roman general","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4061,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Lathurus  died not long after this   Pausanias ut supra     years and   months after the death of his brother Philometor  His daughter Cleopatra succeeded him and was viceroy before with him  She was the wife of Ptolemy Alexander  who was the younger brother to Lathurus and had killed his mother  She only reigned for   months   Porphyr  in Grac  Euseb  Scaliger  p      Pausanias stated that of all Lathurus  descendants  only Berenice was legitimate   ut supra  and she died before his father  He bastard son  Ptolemy  seized the kingdom of Cyprus  Cleopatra and later her Novus Dionysius  or Auletes the kingdom of Egypt  It may be that the one whom Porphyrius calls Cleopatra is the same one whom Pausanias calls Berenice","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4062,"EventTxt":"Sulla sent Alexander back to Alexandria in Egypt to be their king  He was the son of that Ptolemy Alexander and he had killed his mother  He was a good friend of Sulla and accompanied him from Asia  There were no longer any male heirs and the women were forced to marry brothers blood for their husband  Sulla hoped by this to get a good stash of gold from that wealthy kingdom   Appian  Bell  Civil       p","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4063,"EventTxt":"When C  Julius Caesar captured Mitylene  he was rewarded by M  Thermus  with corona civica   Sueton in Julio c      Mitylene was demolished to the ground and it was the only city which fighting after Mithridates was defeated   Livy        So that noble city by the law of war and right of conquest  was brought under the jurisdiction of the people of Rome   Cicero in Agraria","YearBCAD":-81,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3923,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4633,"Dating":"3923b AM, 4633 JP, 81 BC"}
{"Index":4064,"EventTxt":"After Alexander had lived with his new wife Cleopatra  queen of Egypt for   days  he killed her   Porphyr  ut supr   Appian wrote that this king was very domineering and insolent because he had the backing of Sulla  She was dragged out of his palace by the Alexandrians and killed in the place of exercise  It appears from Suetonius and Cicero that he reigned   years after the death of his wife  This refutes the common error of historians who begin the reign of Ptolemy Auletes here and confound his years with the years of Alexander","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4065,"EventTxt":"Mithridates made raids on the Achaeans who were the neighbours to the Colchians and were  as some think  descendants of those who returned from Troy  They came there when they lost their way  They had lost two thirds of their army  one part to an ambush and the other to the harshness of the weather   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4066,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates returned home  he sent some to Rome to ratify the articles of the league between him and Sulla  Ariobarzanes also sent others  either voluntarily or by the instigation of others  to state that Cappadocia was not entirely controlled by him  Mithridates had kept back the larger part for himself  Mithridates was ordered by Sulla to leave Cappadocia before the articles should be ratified   Appian p","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4067,"EventTxt":"After the province of Cilicia was established  Cn  Dolobella was sent there to be proconsul  Cicero stated that in addition to the   territories of Pamphylia  Isauric and Cilicia  were added   others in Asia  These were the Cibyntic  Synnadensian and Appameensean located in the regions of Phrygia  Pisidia  and Lycaonia  Dolobella brought along with him  C  Malleolus as his quaester and C  Verres as his lieutenant  When they came as far as Delos  Verres had some ancient images stolen at night and to be taken secretly from the temple of Apollo and put aboard one of the cargo ships  A violent storm suddenly struck and Dolobella could not possibly sail  He had much trouble even remaining at anchor in the harbour because the huge waves beat against the ships  The ship that carried the images was wrecked by the violence of the waves  The images of Apollo were found floating toward the shore  Dolobella ordered that they should be returned to the temple  After that the storm let up and Dolobella sailed from Delos   Cicero act     in Verrem","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4068,"EventTxt":"Verres carried away some very beautiful images from Chios  Erythrae and Halicarnasus  He took also from Tenedos  to the great grief of the city  the statue of Tenes which was also a beautiful work  It is said that Tenes built the city and the city was named after him   Cicero act     in Verrem","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4069,"EventTxt":"Verres requested Dolobella that he might be sent to the kings  Nicomedes of Bithynia and Sadala of Thrace  who were allies of the people of Rome  He came to Lampsacus in the Hellespont  where Rubrius  one of his pages attempted to bring to Verres the daughter of one Philodamus  a most eminent citizen  The Lampsacens were stirred up by Themistagoras and Thessalus and came in a crowd in the night to protect the virgin s chastity  In the resulting uproar  Cornelius  Verres  lictor  was killed and some of his servants including Rubrius received some injures  They had much trouble to prevent Verres  house from being burned  At Verres  request  Dolobella  turned over the the war to him which at that time was managed by Dolobella in Cilicia  Verres marched from that province into Asia and had C  Nero  who succeeded M  Thermus in the praetorship of Asia  that Philodamus and his son be beheaded after being judged   Cicero act     in Verrem        cf  Asconius Pedianus upon the same","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3924,"JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3924 AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4070,"EventTxt":"Charidemus  a ship captain at Chius  was ordered by Dolobella to accompany Verres  march from Asia  He came with him as far as Samos where Verres attacked the most ancient temple of Juno of Samos and carried from there the pictures and the images  The Samians went to the Chians and charged Charidemus with this sacrilege  However  he plainly showed it was not his doing but Verres  action  Thereupon  ambassadors came from Samos to C  Nero in Asia to complain about him  They were told that such complaints as these which concerned the Roman delegate should not be handled by the praetor but by the Roman senate   Cicero act     in Verrem","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3925,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3925a AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4071,"EventTxt":"The Milesians had a fleet which by a treaty with the Romans  the Romans could make use of at any time  Verres demanded one of those ships to escort him to Myndus  They immediately sent him the best ship they had  As soon as Verres arrived at Myndus  he ordered the soldiers and the sailors to return to Miletum on foot by land and he sold the ship to L  Magius and L  Fannius  They had left Marius  army and came to live at Myndus but later they sided with Sertorius and Mithridates  The captain of the ship told what Verres had done and the Milesians had a declaration to be entered into the public registry  However  Cn  Dolobella  by Verres  request  did his best to have the captain and they that made the declaration punished  In addition  he ordered that the declaration be removed from the records   Cicero act     in Verrem        cf  Asconius Pedianus upon him","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3925,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3925a AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4072,"EventTxt":"C  Malleolus  C  Dolobella s quaester  was killed in the war  Verres immediately assumed the office of quaester from Dolobella  When he had that office  he began to steal Asia s wealth   Cicero act     in Verrem","YearBCAD":-80,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3925,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4634,"Dating":"3925a AM, 4634 JP, 80 BC"}
{"Index":4073,"EventTxt":"When the provinces were assigned to the consuls  Cilicia was given to Servilius and Macedonia to Appius  Claudius Servilius went to Tarentum to visit his colleague who was sick  He journeyed to the city of Corycum   Salust  Histora        apud Priscian         and was ordered to go to subdue the pirates  Under the leadership of Isidorus  they sailed about in the adjacent sea  between Crete  Cyrene  Achaia and the creek of Malea  From the plunder they got  the sea was called the Golden Sea   Flor        c      Julius Caesar served under Servilius for a very short time  Sueton  in Julio  c      and L  Flaccus was the tribune of the soldiers   Cicero pro Flacco","YearBCAD":-79,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3925,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4635,"Dating":"3925b AM, 4635 JP, 79 BC"}
{"Index":4074,"EventTxt":"Cn  Dolobella was recalled home from his province of Cilicia and accused of extortion at Rome by a young man  M  Emilius Scaurus  He was condemned and sent away into banishment  The amount was estimated at   million sesterces based on this  His quaester C  Verres had exacted more than was required from the cities of Lycia  Pamphylia  Pisidia  and Phrygia in grain  hides  fur clothes  sacks and such wares  He did not receive the goods but demanded money for them  Verres was the main witness against him  For Verres was unwilling to give account of his lieutenantship and his questorship until such time that Dolobella  who was the only one who knew his faults  was condemned and bannished   Cicero  act     in Verre       Vid  Piphis Annal  Rom  torn     p","YearBCAD":-79,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3925,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4635,"Dating":"3925b AM, 4635 JP, 79 BC"}
{"Index":4075,"EventTxt":"Alexander Jannaeus died in the garrisons from his fever and exhausion from his battles  He reigned   years  At that time  he was besieging Ragaba citadel which is located beyond Jordan  On his death bed  he advised his wife Alexandra  to hide his death for a while from the soldiers and that after she returned victorious to Jerusalem  she should give the Pharisees a little more freedom than normal  The Pharisess had a large influence on the Jews  when they wanted to  either as a friend or as an enemy  The common people placed much confidence in them  though they were prone through envy to impeach any man  Alexander was disliked by the Jews because he had offended the Pharisees  Therefore  he persuaded her that she should yield that they might have his funeral and that she would not do anything in matters of government without their knowledge and approval  Hence he would receive an honourable burial and she and her son would reign without problems   Joseph       Bell  Judaic  c             Antiq  c     cf        c","YearBCAD":-79,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4635,"Dating":"3926a AM, 4635 JP, 79 BC"}
{"Index":4076,"EventTxt":"Queen Alexandra  also called Selena by ecclesiastical writers  captured the citadel of Ragaba  She did everything her husband requested  She let the Pharisees make the funeral arrangements and control the kingdom  Thereby she made them her friends who before were her worst enemies  The Pharisees assembled the common people and made a speech to them  They praised the famous exploits of Alexander and bemoaned what a good king they had lost  They so affected the people that they all grieved in their hearts and cried  No king before him had such a stately funeral   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4077,"EventTxt":"When Alexander was dying  he made his will  He left the administration of the kingdom to his wife Alexandra and also the election of the high priest to her discretion  She declared Hyrcanus  her oldest son  as high priest  She did not do this because he was the oldest but he was quite pliable and would not threaten her power in any way  Her younger son  Aristobulus  was quite content to live as a private citizen and he had a more fiery disposition than his brother  She governed the kingdom for   years  while her son Hyrcanus held the high priesthood  She was very gracious with the people because of the favour she was in with the Pharisees and she seemed to be greatly troubled by her husband s excesses  She was a queen in name only for the Pharisees managed all the state affairs  The people were expressly charged to obey them  So that  she restored all the laws which Hyrcanus her father in law had set aside that were made by the Pharisees according to the traditions of their elders  The Pharisees ordered the recall of all the exiles and for the release of prisoners  She managed some things and directly maintained a large number of mercenary soldiers  She increased her strength so much that she was a formidable force to the neighbouring princes and took hostages from them   Josephus Antiq        c     cf        c             Belli  c","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4078,"EventTxt":"Mithridates restored all Cappadocia to Ariobarzanes according to Sulla s orders  After this he sent embassies to Rome to get the articles of the peace to be ratified   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4079,"EventTxt":"When M  Lepidus  and Q  Catulus were consuls  Sulla died   Livy       Appian        Bell  Civil  p      He finished the  nd book of his commentaries  two days before his death  He said that the Chaldeans had foretold to him that after he had lived very splendidly for a while  he would die in the height of his greatness   Plutarch in Sulla   He bequeathed in his will his commentaries to Lucullus  On his death bed  he appointed him as the guardian to his son and did not appoint Pompey  This was thought to be the cause of the animosity between Pompey and Lucullus in the desire for greatness   Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4080,"EventTxt":"M  Cicero had been   months at Athens with Antiochus Ascalonita  He was a most famous and wise philosopher of the ancient academies and along with Demetrius Syrus  a well experienced and extaordinary orator  When Cicero heard of Sulla s death  he sailed into Asia and travelled across that country  He exercised his gift of oratory with the best orators in those parts  The best of them were  Menippus a Stratonician  surnamed Catocas of Caria  Dionysius Magnes  Aeschylus a Cnidian and Xenocles an Adramyttean   Cicero in Bruto    Plutarch in Cocerone cf  Strabo       p             p     and with Diogenes Latertius in Menippo","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4081,"EventTxt":"At the same time  a certain woman of Miletum was sentenced to death  for she had induced an abortion by some medicines  She was paid to do this by those who were the second heirs of her estate  She got what she deserved for by that action she destroyed her hope of being a parent  Her name would not be carried on and she would not have the support of a son or daughter  the heir of a family and in all likelihood  a citizen of the state   Cicero pro Aulo Cluentio","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4082,"EventTxt":"P  Servilius  the proconsul  subdued Cilicia  He overwhelmed the pirates  lightly armed ships with his large warships and obtained a bloody victory over them   Livy       Flor        c     Eutrop         He attacked Cilicia and Pamphylia with such force that he almost utterly destroyed them when he only wanted to subdue them   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4083,"EventTxt":"When Julius Caesar heard of the news of Sulla s death  he left Cilicia and returned quickly to Rome   Sueton in Julio  c","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4084,"EventTxt":"When Sulla was dead  Mithridates heard nothing from the magistrates at Rome concerning his embassy he sent to the senate  The king bribed Tigranes  his son in law  to invade Cappadocia  The plot was not done that secretly since the Romans had an idea of what was going on   Appian  in Mithridatic  p      Salust       histor   mentions L  Philippus  in a speech of his at that time before the senate against Lepidus  He said this  vv Mithridates lies at the borders of our revenues which while we yet enjoy  he is watching for an opportunity to make war on us","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3926,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3926b AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4085,"EventTxt":"Tigranes surrounded Cappadocia so none could escape from him  He brought away with him from there about     men and carried them into Armenia and gave them places with others to live  One place was the city where he was crowned king of Armenia called Tigranocerta  that is  the city of Tigranes   Id  ibid   He built that city between Iberia and Zugma  which lies near the Euphrates River and populated with those men he deported from the  cities of Greece which he had conquered   Strabo        p      In that city there was a number of Greeks who were driven out of Cilicia and many barbarians who shared the same fate as the Greeks  He resettled the Adiabenians  Assyrians  Gordyens and Cappadocians there after he had wasted their various countries   Plutarch in Lucullo   At this same time as he wasted Cappadocia with his raids  he drove the Mazacenians from their land  He deported them to Mesopotamia and populated the larger part of Tigranocerta with those inhabitants   Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3927a AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4086,"EventTxt":"Geminus  an excellent mathematician  wrote his book of astronomy from which Proclus  Sphaere is taken  Geminus  book was written   years after the Egyptians celebrated the festival of Isia  This happened according to Eudoxus on the winter solstice or the  th of December   Strabo c     See note on  a AM","YearBCAD":-78,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4636,"Dating":"3927a AM, 4636 JP, 78 BC"}
{"Index":4087,"EventTxt":"When M  Cicero came to Rhodes  he studied under Molon whom he had previously heard at Rome  Molon was an excellent lawyer for honest causes and a good writer  He was also very discreet in correcting and noting faults and a wise instructor  In teaching Cicero  he did the best he could to keep Cicero on the right way and to repress in him his youthful licentiousness and excesses   Cicero in Bruto","YearBCAD":-77,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4637,"Dating":"3927b AM, 4637 JP, 77 BC"}
{"Index":4088,"EventTxt":"At the same time Apollonius  a great teacher of oratory became famous  Strabo surnames him Mklakos  or the soft  and others called him  Molo  This is the reason that some  including Quintilian        c      confused him with the other Molon  They were both Alabandians from Caria and students of Menecles the Alabandsan  They both came from his school and practised their art at Rhodes  Molon came there later than the other and this was the reason why Apollonius named him like Homer  Osyimolan  Strabo        p            Cicero always called one of them Molon and the other        de oratore  he called Apollonius the Alabandian  M  Antonius is brought in speaking of him thus  vv For this one thing  I have always liked that famous teacher  Apollonius the Alabandian  Although he taught for money  yet he did not allow any whom he thought incapable of being made an orator  to waste their time with him but sent them home again  His custom was to exhort and persuade everyone to apply himself to that art whom he judged most fit and inclined to it","YearBCAD":-77,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4637,"Dating":"3927b AM, 4637 JP, 77 BC"}
{"Index":4089,"EventTxt":"It is reported about Apollonius  that he was not well versed in Latin and he desired Cicero to speak in Greek  Cicero was satisfied with the request and thought that Apollonius would be better able to correct his mistakes  While others stood in amazement and admired Cicero and others strived to out do one another in praising him  Apollonius was noted not to look cheerfully anytime while Cicero was speaking  When he had finished speaking  Apollonius thought for a good time and looked as if he were musing and pensive  At last  when he knew that Cicero noted his behaviour he said  vv Truly  Cicero I commend and admire you  Yet I cannot but pity Greece s condition when I see that the only two things of value which were left to us  learning and eloquence  also should be by you carried away to the Romans   Plutarch in Cicero","YearBCAD":-77,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4637,"Dating":"3927b AM, 4637 JP, 77 BC"}
{"Index":4090,"EventTxt":"Cicero heard Posidonius  the philosopher at Rhodes  as Plutarch stated and Cicero includes himself in those that were taught by him   in       de natura Deorum       de fato   Posidonius was a philosopher of the Stoic sect and was born at Apamea in Syria  In time he was made a citizen of Rhodes  He was called a Rhodian   Strabo        p     Athenaeus       c      However  Josephus wrote that Posidonius and Apollonius of Malon  or Molon  as it is written elsewhere  gave Apion the grammarian the material for those stories concerning the Jews and their temple         contra Apion  p      By the name of the first  he means this Posidonius the Apamenian  Cicero s teacher in the Stoic philosophy  from the books of whose histories  we have quoted so many passages previously  By the name of the latter he means that Apollonius whom we spoke last of or rather that Molon his equal  Cicero  in his Bruto  stated that Molon was among the writers and by some he is deemed to be one and the same person with that Apollonius","YearBCAD":-77,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4637,"Dating":"3927b AM, 4637 JP, 77 BC"}
{"Index":4091,"EventTxt":"P  Servilius  the proconsul in Cilicia  subdued some cities of the pirates   Livy        He demolished the city Isaura and destroyed many forts which the pirates held along the sea coast  Strabo says that he had seen Servilius         p                p      He took Lycia also and its cities of note  He besieged them and forced them to surrender  In addition  he roved all over the mountain of Olympus and levelled to the ground three large cities  Olympus  Phaselis and Corycum  He was the first of any Romans that led an army through the Taurus Mountains  He made it the end of his march and controlled the side of the mountains which faced Cilicia  He brought the Isauri who were quite worn out from the wars  under the power of the Romans   Oros        c     cf  Floras        c       Salust        Histor  apud Priscianum         Asconuis Pedianus  in    Verrinam   Eutropius         Cicero in his first and second Agraria  confirmed that the countries of the Attalians  Phaselians  Olympians  Agarenses  Orindians and Gedusians were added to the people of Rome by Servilius  victory  Cicero  in   contra Verrim     adds this passage particularly concerning Phaselis  Phaselis which P  Servilius took was not at first a city of Cilicians and thieves  The Lycians  who were Greeks  lived there  Since it had a good location and was so high and strong  the pirates who came from Sicily resorted there  The pirates were associated with that town  first by commerce  and later by an alliance","YearBCAD":-77,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3927,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4637,"Dating":"3927b AM, 4637 JP, 77 BC"}
{"Index":4092,"EventTxt":"L  Magius and L  Fannius were renegades from Fimbria s army and allied themselves with Mithridates  They persuaded him to ally himself with Sertorius who was then fighting to subdue a Spanish rebellion against the Romans  Mithridates sent these two men as his ambassadors with letters to Sertorius and promised him a supply of money and ships for the war and in return he wanted him to confirm all of Asia to him  Mithridates had surrendered Asia to the Romans according to the articles of peace between him and Sulla","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3928,"JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3928 AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4093,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors came to Italy in that small ship which the Mindians bought from Verres  From there they hurried to get to Sertorius  The senate declared them as enemies to the state and ordered them to be apprehended  In spite of all that they came safely to Sertorius  He assembled his friends and called the meeting his senate  He would not allow those conditions although all the rest were favourable  He denied that he would ever give away Asia which Mithridates had unjustly taken from the Romans and Fimbria had recaptured in war  He referred back to the articles with Sulla which said Asia should never be under Mithridates  power again  Sertorius would allow Mithridates to keep Bithynia and Cappadocia  which had always been under his command and did not at all belong to the people of Rome  An alliance based on the following terms was concluded between them and confirmed by mutual oaths  Mithridates should supply Sertorius with   talents and   ships  Sertorius in return should make him a grant of Cappadocia and Bithynia   In addition Appian adds  Paphlagonia and Galatia and even all Asia   Sertorius should send him a general and soldiers  Sertorius sent to Asia  M  Marius as a general for Mithridates   Appian calls him  Varius   He was one of the banished senators  He sent with him Lucius Magius and Lucius Fannius to be his advisers  They sailed from Dianiusm  a sea town of Spain and arrived at Sinope in Pontus where Mithridates was  When they told the king that Sertorius had denied him Asia  the king said to his friends  vv What will Sertorius sitting in his palace demand after this  Although he is as far away from us as the Atlantic Ocean  he thinks he can set the boundaries of our kingdom and denounce us if we should attempt to recapture Asia","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3928,"JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3928 AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4094,"EventTxt":"In spite of all this  Marcus Marius made a league with him agreeable to Sulla s peace treaty  The king kept Marius with himself and in a very short time made him a general in the place of Archelaus who had deserted him and defected to Sulla   Cicero  pro lege Manilia    pro Murena  item  act  in Verrem        cf  Asconius Pedianus in eundem  Livy       Plutarch in Sertorio  Appian in Mithridatic  p        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3928,"JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3928 AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4095,"EventTxt":"The capital was rebuilt which was destroyed   years earlier by fire along with the books of Sibylla  C  Curio  the consul  asked the senate that some ambassadors should be sent to Erythrae  who were to get the Sibylla s verses again and bring them to Rome  P  Gabinius  M  Otacillius and L  Valerius were sent on that errand  They got those verses transcribed by private hands and brought them to Rome  Curio and Octavius  the consuls  stored them in the capital which was repaired again by Q  Catulus   Fenestella  quoted by Lactantius        institut  c          de ira Dei c      Based on this account  Varro says that Etythrae s was believed to have written those books of the Sibylla which the Romans had copied  He thinks this because those verses were found on the island of Erythaea after Apollo s temple was burned where the books were normally kept  If we may credit Servius   in Aeneid      For the temple which was burnt was not Apollo s but Jupiter Capitolinus  temple  After the temple was repaired  ambassadors were sent by order of the senate to Erythrae in Asia to get those verses transcribed  However those books which were afterward still extant and were brought to Rome  These came not only from Erythrae but also they were procured from other Italian and Greek cities  In addition they were found in private men s libraries under whatever name the Sibylla s books went by  In these books were many things that were found to be suppositions  The differences in the books were called acrostics  This we determine from Varro s own books of divine things as related by Dionysius Halicarnasseus         Antiquit  Roman  and by Lactantius Firmianus         in Instit  c      Tacitus        Annal   declared that  vv Where the verses of Sibylla differed  the correct rendering was contended for in Samos  Troy  Erythrae and through all Africa  Sicily and the Italian colonies  The priests were responsible to take all the care that mortal men could take  to discover the true from the false","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3928,"JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3928 AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4096,"EventTxt":"Pliny  Natural History        c      stated that in the time when Cn  Octavius and Cn  Scribonius Curio were consuls  Licinius Syllanus proconsul and his company saw a spark fall from a star  It increased in size as it came nearer the earth and became as large as the moon and gave off as much light as if it had been a cloudy day  When it went up toward the heaven again it grew into the shape of a lamp  Since Syllanus is not a Roman surname  Pigvius thought that instead of Licinius Syllanus in Pliny it should be L  Junius Syllanus  Junius  who about this time  was sent with the authority of a proconsul into Asia to replace Cn  Nero  with his company and may have been eye witnesses of this sign","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3928,"JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3928 AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4097,"EventTxt":"Nicomedes King of Bithynia died without any descendants and gave his kingdom to the people of Rome in his will  Thereupon his kingdom was reorganised into a province   Livy       Vellei  Patercul        c          Appian        Bell  Civil  p       Mithridatic  p           Concerning this  Mithridates  complaint about the Romans in a letter to Arsaces said this         Salust  histor   vv After Nicomedis was dead  they rifled all Bithynia  notwithstanding his son Musa whom he made king and was beyond all question alive then","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4098,"EventTxt":"In the same year  which ended the  th Olympiad  the Romans added Cyrene to their empire  Ptolemy Apion  its king and who was of the family of Lagidarus  bequeathed it to the Romans   Appian in his       bell  civil  p      Appian adding at the end of books on the Mithridatic s  that this king was a bastard of the family of the Lagi  Appian showed that he was the same person as Justin related        c      to be the son of a courtesan and who turned over Cyrene to the Romans  However he added that part of Lybia was made a province whereas we have learned before from Livy  See note on   AM    that after Ptolemy Apion s death  the senate of Rome enfranchised all the cities of the kingdom of Cyrene  It seems at that time  they may have received their grant of freedom but now were established as a province  At that time  vv Ptolemy  the king of Cyrene on his death bed  made the Romans his heirs in his will in the first year of the  st Olympiad","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4099,"EventTxt":"After this  vv Lybia was left to the Romans as a legacy by King Apion","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4100,"EventTxt":"This was in the  th year of the  th Olympiad  as Hierom has noted   in Chronico Eusebiano   This was almost     years later than Appion s accounts here require  Eutropius has related this very thing   years later at the time of Caecilius Metellus  Cretian triumph  At that time   as he says in the sixth of his Breviary  he stated Lybia also was annexed to the Roman empire by the last will of Apion  who was its king  Berenice  Ptolemais and Cyrene  were its largest cities","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4101,"EventTxt":"Jornandes   in    de regn    tempor  succes   wrote about this matter  Lybia  that is to say  all Pentapolis was granted to the Romans by that first Ptolemy  It later rebelled and in Apion s last will it was given to the people of Rome","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4102,"EventTxt":"Before him  Sixtus Rufus in his Breviary stated  We were beholden to Ptolemy the elder s bounty for Cyrene and the other cities of Lybia s Pentapolis  Lybia came to be ours by King Apion s last will and testament","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4103,"EventTxt":"Ammianus Marcellinus followed him  We obtained the dryer parts of Lybia by King Appian s last will  Ptolemy gave us Cyrene and the other cities of Lybia s Pentapolis","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4104,"EventTxt":"The learned Valerius noted on this event  who explained this history  He denied that there were two Ptolemy Apions  In addition Cicero  in   Agrarias  mentioned the Cyrenian lands which were Apion s","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4105,"EventTxt":"Cornelius Tacitus  Annal         stated  The land which was once King Apion s and by him bequeathed to the people of Rome together with his kingdom","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4106,"EventTxt":"The remainder of this summer  and the whole winter following  Mithridates spent in preparation for war against the Romans  He cut timber  built ships and made arms   Appian in Mithridatic  p      He reduced his forces to the minimum and he sent away the rabble from the multitudes  The barbarians stole all weapons that were guilded and set with precious stones  Mithridates replaced these with swords similar to the Roman ones and made good substantial shields  He assembled a well managed and experienced cavalry rather than those who were neat and handsome  In addition  he built ships that were not guilded with Cabbius guild or baths for courtesans or delicate rooms to keep his women in but were equipped with arms  arrows and money   Plutarch in Lucullo   He carried to sea   myriads of Medimna s of grain  He had forces readily available in addition to his old forces  Chalibians  Armenians  Scythians  Taurians  Acheians  Heniochians  Lencosyrians and those who live near the Thermodoon River and were commonly called the land of the Amazons  His old forces came to him from Asia  He had supplies also from beyond sea from Europe  Sarmatians  Basilians  Jazygians  Corallians  Thracians and all the nations which lived around the Ister River and the mountains of Rhodope and Aemus  The Basternians also helped him who were the most gallant men and bravest of them all   Appian in Mithridatic  p      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-76,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4638,"Dating":"3929a AM, 4638 JP, 76 BC"}
{"Index":4107,"EventTxt":"Julius Caesar was a young man of   years of age  He planned to sail to Rhodes with the intention of studying under Apollonius Molon who was the most eminent teacher of oratory at that time  On his way in the winter time  the pirates captured him near the island of Pharmacusa  which lies near the Asian shore north of Miletum  The pirates were so well equipped with ships that they controlled the seas  When the pirates demanded   talents from him for his ransom  Caesar laughed at them because they did not know how important a man he was  He promised that he would give them   talents  He immediately sent his companions and servants to the cities of Asia to get the money for his release  He retained with him only a physician and two others to attend to his personal needs  He was alone with these   for   days with a company of Cilicians who were the most savage people in the world  He behaved himself so well that he struck both a terror and a reverence into them  He did not remove his shoes or unclothed himself in case there should happen to be some extraordinary change of appearance and they would suspect him of something  He had no guard other than their eyes  Whenever he went to rest  he sent one to them to tell them to be quiet  He would play and exercise with them as if they had been in his retinue and not a prisoner of theirs  He wrote verses and orations which he spoke to them  If any of them did not admire and applaud them  he would publicly call them dull fellows  barbarians and often in a merriment would threaten to hang them  They were very well pleased with his humour and attributed that freeness of his speech to his simplicity and youth   Vellei Patercul        c     Sueton in Julio  c     Plutarch in Caio  Casare   It is reported that while he was in custody he cried out  vv O Crassus  how wilt thou be tickled in the heart  when thou shalt receive tidings of my captivity   Plutarch in M Crasso","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4108,"EventTxt":"The money from all the cities was brought from Miletum to Caesar  Caesar would not pay the   talents until he had forced the pirates to release the hostages to the cities  After this  he was placed on shore  The next night he got such a fleet as he could quickly assemble  and sailed from the port of the Milesians  He went toward the same island where the pirates where still anchored  He forced part of their fleet to flee and other ships he sank  He captured the rest of the ships with their crews  He was overjoyed with the victory of the night s expedition and he returned to his company the pirate s money he had seized as his own booty  He imprisoned the pirates at Pergamos  When he had finished that  he went to Junius  the proconsul of Asia who was in Bithynia  Junius had command of Asia and Bithynia which was recently established as a province  He demanded that justice might be done on the captives and had them crucified  This he had foretold the pirates when he was a prisoner and they though he was just joking   Patercul        c     Sweton    Plutarch in M  Crasso   Before he captured them  he had sworn that he would crucify them  He first ordered their throats to be cut and then to be fastened to the cross   Sueton  c","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4109,"EventTxt":"As spring was arriving  the third Mithridatic war was started  It lasted for     and an half years and ended with the death of Mithridates  Mithridates assembled all his fleets together and sacrificed as was his custom to Jupiter  powerful in battle  He drowned his chariot and horses in the sea as a sacrifice to Neptune  After this he hurried to Paphlagonia with Taxiles and Hermocrates the generals of his army   Appian  in Mithridatic  p         He had in his army      or     as Appian has it  foot soldiers who were trained according to Roman discipline  He had     cavalry and   chariots with scythes  Another large company followed the camp who were to guard the ways  carry burdens   Plutach in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4110,"EventTxt":"As soon as Mithridates arrived at Paphlagonia  he made an haughty speech to the soldiers  When he saw that he had aroused their hatred of the Romans  he invaded Bithynia which was recently bequeathed to the Romans by Nicomede s will   Appian  p      Livy said that Mithridates got it all into his hands         and Plutarch  in Lucullo  said that he was very willingly greeted by all the cities of Bithynia","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4111,"EventTxt":"All Asia was most intolerably oppressed by the hard usages of money lenders and tax collectors and it defected to Mithridates   Plutarch in Lucullo  He with M  Marius or Varius whom Sertorius had sent to him from Spain to be his general  captured some of its cities  When they entered the cities  the king put Marius ahead of him with the rods and axes as if he were the supreme magistrate  The king followed behind as if he were one of his officers  Some of the cities he enfranchised upon his own terms  He granted to others the immunities but he said they were not granted from him but from Sertorius  Thus Asia which was plagued before with the tax collectors and oppressed by the covetousness and abuses of the garrisoned soldiers  began to be encouraged by this change of government   Plutarch  in Sertorio","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4112,"EventTxt":"Julius Caesar saw what havock Mithridates made in the adjacent countries and was ashamed to sit idly by when the allies were in such trouble  He left Rhodes where he had gone and passed over to Asia  He assembled what forces he could and he drove the king s lieutenant clear out of the province  By this he kept the cities loyal to Rome which before were wavering and ready to revolt   Sueton  in Julio  c      Although Junius whom the people of Rome had appointed as their chief magistrate in Asia  hindered Mithridates very little in his undertakings because he was a coward   Vellei Patercul        c","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4113,"EventTxt":"Eutropious and Orosius   from Livy  state that P  Servilius ended the war in Cilicia and Pamphylia within three years and because of this he was called Isauricus  In Cicero        in Verrem    which speech is called  Oratio Frumentaria  he is said to have commanded the army for   years  Thereupon we have referred his first going into the province to the year before this  th year in which also he was consul  Cicero        contra  Verem   affirmed that this man took more of the robber s commanders alive than all those had done who came before him  Among the rest  he recaptured Nico  a famous pirate who had broken his chains and escaped with the same gallantry that he had when he first took him prisoner  Ammianus Marcellinus  in       Historiar   wrote  vv Cilicia and Isauria were mutually engaged in a war of piracy and had some troops of land robbers  Servilius the proconsul  made them submit to him and after that he made them a tributary","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4114,"EventTxt":"Jornandes     de regnorum ac temporum succession   wrote that Servilius overcame Pamphylia  Lycia   or rather Cilicia  and Pisidia  and reduced them all to provinces  Octavius who was this year s consul  was sent into the province of Cilicia   Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4115,"EventTxt":"Wherever Servilius marched  it was a very pretty sight to see the various prisoners and captives whom he carried along with him  People came flocking to him from all parts  They came from the towns through which they marched and also from all the adjacent places on purpose to see this  This pleased the people of Rome all the more and were more delighted with this victory than with any that ever had been before   Cicero  in Verrem         In this triumph also the various images and ornaments which he had taken away from the city Olympus after he had taken it  They were carried on chargers in state that rode ahead of him in the triumph  All of this he later had entered into the common records and brought into the treasury  The number  size  shape and condition of those images were specified for each image   Id  in eundem          Ascon  Pedianus ibid   Valerius Maximus mentioned this triumph of Servilius         c      Eutropius  Sextus Rufus  and Claudian the Poet   in        in Eutropium   say this of him  vv Indomitos curru Servilius egit Isauros  Servilius charioted the untamed Isaures","YearBCAD":-75,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3929,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4639,"Dating":"3929b AM, 4639 JP, 75 BC"}
{"Index":4116,"EventTxt":"M  Antonius  the father to M  Antonius who was in the triumvirate  obtained an unlimited commission to guard all the Roman sea coasts  He obtained this by the favour of Cotta the consul and Cethegus  faction from the senate  M  Antonius was a most vile person and his wicked companions pillaged Sicily and all the provinces   Cicero  act     in Verrem        Lactant  Institut     I e     Ascon  Pedianus in Divinationem  and upon the previously mentioned place of Cicero  contra Verrem","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4117,"EventTxt":"The province of Gaul Cisalpina was allotted to L  Lucullus the consul  However  when Octavius died who held Cilicia  Lucullus by the means of Praecia  a common strumpet  made Cathegus his friend  He had much authority in Rome and had the province of Cilicia assigned to Lucullus  Since Cappadocia was close to Cilicia  they voted that Lucullus should undertake the Mithridatic war  However  M  Cotta his colleague in the consulship  after much pleading prevailed with the senate that he might be sent with a fleet to guard the Propontis and defend Bithynia   Plutarch in Lucullo  So both the consuls were sent to this war  the one to secure Bithynia and the other to follow Mithridates in Asia   Cicero pro Murana  Memnon c     Eutrop  lib      For that Lucullus the consul had not only Cilicia  but Asia also   properly so called  allotted to him  He had the command of it for   years   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4118,"EventTxt":"Lucullus obtained a legion in Italy and crossed over with it into Asia  He added Fimbria s legions and two other legions to his force  However these new additions were long since ruined by luxury and covetousness  The Fimbrians had lived a long while without leadership and were more intractable and impudent  However they were very warlike and skilled and experienced in military undertakings  Lucullus reformed the one and calmed the fierceness of the other   Plutarch in Lucello  cf  Appian in Mithridatic  p      He did the best he could to punish money lenders and the Roman tax collectors and make them more moderate in their dealings  Their extortions had been the main reason Asia revolted  He put down all the rebellions of various people when almost every country was in rebellion   Plutarch in Lucello","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4119,"EventTxt":"Mithridates had another numerous army on the march with   ships of   oars plus a large number of smaller ships  which they commonly called Pentecouteri and Cercura  He sent away Diophantus Matharus with a large force into Cappadocia to put garrisons into the cities  If Lucullus intended to enter Pontus  he was to intercept and stop him  Mithridates kept with him     foot soldiers      cavalry and   chariots with scythes which followed the cavalry  He had a good supply of all sorts of war engines  With these he marched quickly through Timonitis  Cappadocia and Galatia and within   days he reached Bithynia  Lucullus in the meanwhile commanded Cotta to stay with all his fleet at a port of the Chalcedonians   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4120,"EventTxt":"Mithridates  fleet stayed by Heraclea in Pontus and were denied use of the harbour  However  the citizens gave them access to their market  After some disputes between them as are usual in those places  two of the most prominent men of Heraclea  Silenus and Satyrus were carried away prisoners by them  They would be freed only on the following condition that they should help Mithridates in this war against the Romans with   frigates  By this the Heracleans lost favour with the Romans  The Romans had appointed in the other cities the public sale of the citizens  goods  They also subjected Heraclea to sale  The tax collectors arrived who were to carry out this business and started exacting money  contrary to the customs of the state  The citizens grew very perplexed and viewed this action as a prelude to slavery  Thereupon when they were in this state of affairs  they knew they would have to send an embassy to the Roman senate and to ask their favour and to stop the sale of their goods  They  were persuaded by a bold desperate fellow in the city  They murdered the tax collectors so secretly that no one knew of their death   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4121,"EventTxt":"M  Cotta heard of the news of Lucullus coming and that he was already camped in Phrygia and was very confident of victory over Mithridates  Cotta hurried to fight with Mithridates before Lucullus could  so that Lucullus would not share the victory with him   Plutarch  on Lucello  Mithridates generals  Marius  or Varius  and Eumachus  assembled in a short time a large army  They fought with P  Rutilius  M  Cotta s lieutenant at Chalcedon  In the battle Rutilius was killed along with the best part of his army   Oros        c      The Basternians routed the Italian foot soldiers and killed many of them   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4122,"EventTxt":"Mithridates marched up to Chalcedon where the Romans came from all parts to Cotta  Since Cotta was a novice soldier  he did not fight with him  However  Nudus  the admiral of his fleet with a brigade of the army  took to the field where it was best fortified  They were beaten off from there and fled back to the gate of Chalcedon  When they came to the gate  there was such a crowd of them trying to get in  that those who chased them could not shoot an arrow for fear of hitting their own troops  As soon as they let down the portcullis  iron lattice work in front of the gate   for fear of the enemy  they drew Nudus and some other commanders up to them with ropes  All the rest were killed in the midst of their friends and enemies  They held up there hands to them to be drawn up also but to no purpose   Appian","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4123,"EventTxt":"Mithridates though it would be best to immediately follow up on this victory and move his fleet toward the haven  When they had broken down the portcullis which was at the entrance of the haven  they burned   of the enemy s ships  They took away another   by tying them to one another s sterns  Neither Nudus nor Cotta  made any resistance but stayed secure within the walls  In the battle  the Romans lost about   men among whom was Lucius Manlius  a senator  Mithridates lost   of the Basternians who were the first that assulted the haven   Appian   Plutarch tells us that Cotta lost on land   foot soldiers besides those   ships with their men  Memnon said that in one day the land and sea were most disgracefully filled with the bodies of the Romans    were killed in the naval battle and   were taken prisoners    of the army of Italian foot soldiers were killed  Mithridates  side  lost only about   Basternians and   others from his whole company","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4124,"EventTxt":"This was that battle near Chalcedon  where M  Aurelius Cotta the consul was defeated  Livy        and in which Mithridates in a letter to Arsaces         Histor  Salust   wrote  VV I totally routed Marcus Cotta the Roman general near Chalcedon on land and have deprived him of a most gallant fleet at sea","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4125,"EventTxt":"The sad condition of Cotta on both sea and land  greatly increased the king s wealth and prestige   Cicero  pro Murana   Mithridates  success depressed the enemy  When Lucullus who was camped along the Sangarius River  heard of this greater defeat and saw his soldier s morale falling  he encouraged them with a speech   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4126,"EventTxt":"Archelaus who was formerly one of Mithridates  commanders  had now sided with the Romans  He tried to convince Lucullus that he might easily take the whole kingdom of Pontus now that Mithridates was in Bithynia with his army  Lucullus replied that he would not be deemed a greater coward than the common huntsmen are who did not dare to fight with the wild beasts but were brave enough to go into their empty dens  After saying this  Lucullus marched against Mithridates with his company of     foot soldiers and   cavalry  When he came first to see the enemy  he was astonished to see such a numerous body and therefore desired not to to fight but play for time  He remembered that Marius  whom Sertorius had sent from Spain to be Mithridates  general was marching up against him  He decided to fight and drew his troops into battle array  Just as the army was set to fight  the sky split suddenly apart and there seemed to fall between both armies a great flaming body resembling a hogshead in shape and silver fiery hot  This strange sight so frightened both armies that they decided not to fight  They say this sign happened in Phrygia near Otryae   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4127,"EventTxt":"L  Lucullus the consul  with his cavalry fought some skirmishes with Mithridates  cavalry and won  He made also some other raids and was fortunate in them  This so encouraged his soldiers and made them so eager to fight  that he had much trouble in keeping them under control   Livy","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4128,"EventTxt":"Mithridates saw that the city of Cyzicum was the door to let him in to all of Asia  If he took it  the whole province would be open to his attacks  He resolved to make it the centre of his war effort   Cicero pro Murena   It was the most famous city of all Asia and a faithful friend to the people of Rome   Cicero pro lege Manilia   In the recent defeat at Chalcedon  it had lost  itizens and   ships  Thereupon the king  decided to give Lucullus the slip  As soon as he had dined and had the opportunity of a thick and misty night  he moved his camp and by daybreak got to the top of the Adrastia Mountain  This is also called Dindymus and is located opposite to the city   Plutarch   Strabo wrote that Mithridates with     foot soldiers and a large body of cavalry invaded the Cyzicenians and took the Adrastia Mountain and the suburbs   lib     p      Appian stated that Lucullus with     foot soldiers and   cavalry camped opposite Mithridates  force of about     men  Orosius  Oros        c      stated  vv Nay it is reported that he lost in the siege of Cyzicum more than     men by famine and sickness","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4129,"EventTxt":"It is stated and as we find in Plutarch that Lucullus killed at least     of Mithridates  men and support staff  Eutropius  Breviary        recorded that the following winter and summer  Lucullus killed of the king s forces almost     men","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4130,"EventTxt":"Mithridates surrounded the Cyzicenians with   brigades and attacked them also by sea with a fleet of   ships   Strabo p        cf  Plutarch   Since the Cyzicenians did not know what became of Lucullus  Mithridates  forces stated Lucullus  tents which were pitched before them were the forces of Armenians and Medes which Tigranes had sent to Mithridates  Demonax was sent from Archelaus to the city and was the first that told them that Lucullus was near them  They did not believe him and thought this was a ruse to cheer them up  However  a boy  who had been taken prisoner by the enemy  escaped and pointed out to them with his finger the place where the Romans were camped  Then they believed the report   Plutarch  Lucullus sent one of his soldiers to them who knew their language  He told them to be encouraged  This soldier came on a raft made of two water skins","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3930,"JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3930 AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4131,"EventTxt":"Lucullus attacked Mithridates from the rear and defeated the Pontics and got a glorious victory  He killed more than     soldiers and took     prisoners   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3931a AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4132,"EventTxt":"Lucullus saw a mountain very convenient to make his camp on  If he could capture it  he would have ample provisions for his army and would be able to starve the enemy  There was one very narrow passage to it which Mithridates had placed a guard to secure as he was advised by Taxiles and some of his other commanders  L  Manius or Magius  the arbitrator of the league between Mithridates and Sertorius  sent secretly a messenger to Lucullus  He then persuaded Mithridates to allow the Romans to pass by and to camp where they thought best for themselves  He lied to Mithridates and said that Fimbria s legions which formerly had served Sertorius in the wars  would defect to him within a day or two  Hence he would be spared the effort of a battle and get a victory without fighting  Mithridates did not suspect anything and allowed the Romans to quietly enter the passage and to fortify the mountain against him  By this the Romans had plentiful provisions from all those parts which lay behind them when Mithridates was blocked by a lake  mountain and river  He was able to get few supplies by land for his camp  He could not get out nor force Lucullus out either  The winter season was approaching and would likely hinder all supplies coming to him by sea   Appian","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3931a AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4133,"EventTxt":"Plutarch wrote that Lucullus camped in Thracia at a place called Comes  It was the best place to obstruct all the supply lines to Mithridates  Mithridates sent some men to Fimbria s legions to bring them over to him  Memnon said they pretended to defect to Mithridates and then killed all of Mithridates  delegates","YearBCAD":-74,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4640,"Dating":"3931a AM, 4640 JP, 74 BC"}
{"Index":4134,"EventTxt":"Nicomedes  a Thessalian  had built notable engines to batter the city   Plutarch  One was called the Helepolis and was   feet high and was the most remarkable one  On this another tower was erected and planted with engines to sling stones and other sorts of weapons  Before they planted the engines  Mithridates ordered that   of the Cyzicenians whom he had taken  to urge the city to surrender  This did not work  Lysistratus their general ordered a crier appointed who from the walls exhorted them that since it was their bad luck to fall under the power of a stranger they should bear it out as well as they could  Mithridates used all the strength he could both by sea and land  to reduce the city  The townsmen were very busy within defending it  They were not able to breech the walls  They could not enter through the part that fell down about the evening because the heat of the fire was so scorching  The Cyzicenians repaired the breach at night   Appian","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4135,"EventTxt":"At last Lucullus found a way to send to the city some auxiliaries by night   Strabo   In the Dascylite Lake  there were very large boats  He took one of the biggest and carried it in a wagon to the sea side and put as many soldiers in it as it could hold  They secretly by night got into the city and the enemy knew nothing about it   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4136,"EventTxt":"Now was the time of Proserpina s festival  in which the Cyzicenians offered a black heifer  Although they did not have one  they made one of dough and brought it to the altar  The heifer which was intended for Proserpine s festival was feeding with the rest of the Cyzicenians herds on the other side the sea  On the day of the festival  she left the other herds and swam over alone to Cyzicum  She passed all the way through the enemy s fleet and by diving underwater got through the bars which are at the mouth of the harbour  She passed through and came into the midst of the city to the temple of Proserpina and presented herself before the altar  The Cyzicenians sacrificed her and were greatly encouraged   Jul  Obsequens de prodigiis  Plutarch    Appian","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4137,"EventTxt":"It is reported that Prosepina appeared by night in a vision to Aristagoras  who was the chief magistrate according to Julius Obsequens  Plutarch only gives him the title of the people s tutor  She told him that she had provided a piper against the pipers  Plutarch rendered it that she immediately sent a Libyan piper against the Pontic trumpeter  The Cyzicenians wondered what this meant  About daybreak  there was foul weather at sea as if it had been a stormy wind  The king s engines were now drawn up to the walls  By their creaking and crashing the storm was known  Presently after this  there arose an extremely violent south wind which in the moment of an hour destroyed the rest of the king s engines  It so shook the wooden tower which was erected on the engine that it was overturned to the ground   Jul  Obsequens de prodigiis  Plutarch    Appian","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4138,"EventTxt":"It is also reported that at Troy  Minerva appeared to many in their sleep  dripping with a ewer and showing that part of her vail was cut off  She told them that she came from the relief of the Cyzicenians  The Trojans were shown the pillars where the decrees and letters concerning this accident were engraved   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4139,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was advised by his friends to sail with his fleet from before the city  However  he was not dismayed in the least by what had happened  He went up to the mountain Dindymus and from there cast up a bank all along to the walls of the city  On this he built towers  He tried to undermine the walls   Appian   In spite of all this  the Cyzicenians held out so stoutly that they very nearly took Mithridates alive in one of the mines which he dug himself  They also dug a mine to him but he got away safely when knew the danger he was in   Strabo  p","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4140,"EventTxt":"When the winter came  Mithridates was cut off from supplies by sea  The army was very short of supplies and many of them died from famine  Some were glad to eat human flesh  Others fed on herbs as their only food and became sick  The dead bodies were lying all the while unburied and caused a plague to break out   Memnon  c     Strabo  p     Flor        c     Plutar  Appian  Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4141,"EventTxt":"While Lucullus was gone to gain some citadel or other  Mithridates tried to make use of this opportunity  Thereupon  he ordered part of his forces to march home with their arms but not to be seen by the enemy  He sent almost all his cavalry  those also which were for burden  his foot soldiers and those that were unfit into Bithynia  The horses were now weak from lack of food and lame because their hooves were worn away for lack of shoes  When Lucullus heard of this  he hurried to the camp by night as fast as he could  At daybreak  he went after them with   companies of foot soldiers and all his cavalry  Although at that instant  a violent storm struck so that many of the soldiers from the snow and other hardships were forced to lie down from the very cold and were not able to follow  With the rest of his troops he overtook the enemy at the passage of the Rhyndacus River  He slaughtered so many of them that the women of Apollonia came out and plundered the wagons and stripped the dead  In this battle    horses  an enormous number of beasts for burdens and     men were captured  Lucullus carried all away with him besides the pillage of the enemies camp  If we can believe him  Orosius stated  vv Lucullus at this battle killed more than","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4142,"EventTxt":"Salust thought that this was the first time the Romans ever saw any camels  However  those who were under Scipio who was the general who defeated Antiochus and those who fought with Archelaus at Orchomenon and Cheronea would most certainly have seen camels   Plutarch  Appian  Oros","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4143,"EventTxt":"Funnius  who joined in with Mithridates and Metrophantes the king s praetor were defeated by Mamercus  They escaped with   cavalry into Moesia and went from there to Moeonia  They came to the dry and parched hills and plains of Inarime  After they had been there a long time they finally got out and arrived at the king s camp without being noticed by the enemy   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4144,"EventTxt":"Eumachus the general and the rest of Mithridates  colonels fought in Phrygia  They killed many Romans with their wives and children  They subdued the Pisidians  the Isauri and Cilicia  Dejotarus  one of the tetrarchs of Galatia  attacked them as they were roving about and killed them and many of their soldiers  This brought an end to their actions   Livy       Appian  p     Oros        c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3931,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3931b AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4145,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4146,"EventTxt":"The Cyzicenians undermined the mounds which the king had cast up all along from Dindymus Mountain to the city and burned his engines  They knew how well the enemy was weakened by famine and made many sallies against them  Mithridates was resolved to withdraw and leave   Appian   He writes concerning this in a letter to Arsaces   Salust        histor   vv In besieging Cyzicum with a large army  I lacked provisions since there was none available in the area  I could get nothing from all the parts about and winter had blocked the sea so none could be expected from there  I was forced  not by any compulsion of the enemies  to march back into my own kingdom","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4147,"EventTxt":"For Plutarch tells us from Salust that Lucullus camped two whole winters first at Cyzicum and later at Amisus  See Cicero concerning the raising of the siege of Cyzicum   in orat  pro lege Manilia  pro Murana and pro Archia poeta","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4148,"EventTxt":"Mithridates resolved suddenly to leave  To keep Lucullus from following too fast after him  he sent Aristonicus a Greek admiral of his fleet to sea  However  Lucullus by some foul play  took him prisoner just as he was putting off from shore and seized the     crowns which he carried with him to bribe part of the Roman army   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4149,"EventTxt":"The king left his land forces with the general to march to Lampsacus  Hermaeus and Marius who were the generals sent by Sertorius  led     men there  However  Lucullus followed close after them and at last overtook them by surprise as they were crossing the Aesepus River  Its level at that time was higher than normal  He took very many of them prisoners and killed     of them  More than       of these were reported to have been Marius  soldiers  The Granicus and Aesepus Rivers ran red with blood  One of Mithridates  nobles  knew how strongly the Romans were given to covetousness  He ordered the soldiers to scatter their knapsacks and money about to deliberately slow down the pursuers   Memnon  c     Polybaus stratagem        Flor        c     Plutarch  Appian  Oros        c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4150,"EventTxt":"Mithridates planned to return by sea and sailed by night to Parium   Appian   His soldiers intended to leave with him and crowded on every side into the ship  Some were already filled and others were filled soon after  It happened that so many tried to get on the ships  that some ships sank and others capsized  The Cyzicenians saw this and attacked the enemy s camp  They cut the throats of the sick that were left behind and carried away whatever they found   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4151,"EventTxt":"Lucullus entered Cyzicum and was received with great joy and magnificence   Plutarch   In his honour they later instituted some plays which they called Lucullea   Appian   The Romans conferred a great deal of honour on the city and granted them their freedom   Strabo       p     Tacit annal       c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4152,"EventTxt":"After Mithridates  men were driven to Lampsacus and besieged there by Lucullus  Mithridates sent his fleet there and transported them and the Lamsacenians  He left   ships with     men aboard them to Marius or Varius  the Sertorian general  Alexander a Paphlagonian and Dionysius the eunuch  Mithridates with the larger part made for Nicomedia  Many of these and the others were drowned in a storm   Strabo       p     Tacit annal       c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4153,"EventTxt":"Mithridates assembled as best he could some forces in Pontus and besieged Perinthus  He made some attempts against it but could not take it  Therefore  he sent his forces away to Bithynia   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4154,"EventTxt":"Antiochus the Asian and his brother  the young sons of king Antiochus Pius who kept in their hands part of the kingdom of Syria which was not seized by Tigranes  came to Rome  They requested the kingdom of Egypt which they thought rightly belonged to them and their mother Selene  They stayed there almost   whole years and retained their royal retinue   Cicero       in Verrem","YearBCAD":-73,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4641,"Dating":"3932a AM, 4641 JP, 73 BC"}
{"Index":4155,"EventTxt":"Antipas or Antipater the Idumean was the foremost citizen of their country with respect to birth and wealth  He was the son of the other Antipas or Antipater whom they say was the son of Alexander  the king of the Jews and his wife Alexandra  Antipater was made governor of all Idumea and was married to Cyprus  who was born at a famous place among the Arabians  He had a son called Herod who later was the king of Judea  He was   years old when his father placed him over Galilee   See note on   AM     See note on  a AM    Nicolaus Damascenus wrote Herod s life while Herod was still living  To curry favour with Herod  he has derived Antipater s pedigree from the princes of the Jews who came from Babylon into Judea   Joseph        c      This is also in the  th chapter of the Arabic History of the Jews which is written at the end of the Parisian Bibles  There we read that Antipater was a Jew descended from those who came from Babylon with Ezra the priest  He was appointed by Alexander Jannaeus as governor of the country of the Idumeans and married a wife from there  Julius Africanus in a letter of his to Aristides   in Euseb        Histor  Ecclesiast  c           and Ambrosius  who followed him         comment  in Luc  c      stated a tradition of those who were called the kinsmen of our Saviour according to the flesh  that Antipater was the son of Herod from Askelon who had the charge of Apollo s temple there  He was carried away by some Idumean robbers from Askelon and Antipater was instructed in the manners and customs of the Idumeans  This is the most common opinion of all the Christian fathers","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4156,"EventTxt":"Barba came with a strong band of Italians and Triarius  one of Lucullus  commanders besieged Apamea  The citizens held out for a long time but finally surrendered according to Memnon  Although Appian wrote that when Triarius arrived there  he took the city by storm and killed many of the Apamenians in their temples where they fled for sanctuary  Soon after this  the Roman army took Prusa  a very well fortified city  beneath the Olympus Mountain and pillaged it  From there Triarius went with his army to Prusias which bordered on the sea  Prusias  the king of Bithynia took it from the Heracleans and called it after his own name  It was called previously Cierus or Chius from the river which it bordered  As soon as he drew near the city  the Prusians expelled the Pontics and received them in  From there they came to Nicaea which had a garrison of Mithridates  The Pontics  knew full well that the citizen s favoured the Romans and stole away by night to Mithridates at Nicomedia  Hence the Romans got that city under their command without any trouble   Memnon  c          Appian  p     cf  Oros        c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4157,"EventTxt":"Lucullus came to the Hellespont and prepared his fleet  He arrived at Troas and went into the temple of Venus  The same night in his sleep he dreamed that he saw the goddess standing by him and saying  vv Sleep st thou now Lion stout  Whole herds of fawns rove here about","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4158,"EventTxt":"While he was telling this dream to his friends  before daybreak some came to him from Troy  They told him how that there appeared   of the king s ships with five tiers of oars at a port of the Achaians and they were bound for Lemnus  Lucullus sailed from Troas and captured all the   ships and killed Isodorus their admiral   Plutarch  cf  Appian","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4159,"EventTxt":"Lucullus followed up on his victory and went after Marius or Varius who was sent by Sertorius to be general  Alexander and Dionysius  He overtook them near Lemnus  in the deserted island where Philoctetes  altar with the brazen serpent is located  As he approached them  he ordered his soldiers before the battle not to kill anyone who had only one eye  He meant Marius who had lost an eye whom Lucullus planned to deride before he killed him  Lucullus saw that the enemy did not move and had drawn all their ships to the shore  He stopped and sent two ships to try to draw them into a battle  They would not budge but defended themselves from their hatches which really galled the Romans  The place was such that they could not turn around nor was it possible for the ships which were tossed by the waves to do much harm to the enemy  The enemy fleet was beached and they had good sure footing  Therefore Lucullus sent a squadron of ships by another way to the island  He landed all his main foot soldiers there who attacked the enemy from the rear  Some were killed and others retreated to their ships  They were so fearful of Lucullus that they dared not launch into the deep but sailed along the coast  Now they were attacked from both land and sea and many were killed as they tried to get away   Plutarch   Lucullus either sunk or captured   of the king s ships  besides a number of cargo ships  Among those that were slain  were very many who had been proscribed by Sulla   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4160,"EventTxt":"The next day  the   generals were found hidden in a cave  Lucullus had Marius or Varius killed   Oros        c     cf  Appian   Alexander was reserved to be killed later and Dionysius died soon after from poison that he carried with him   Appian","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4161,"EventTxt":"These were the   sea victories which Lucullus had  one at Tenedus  the other in the Aegean Sea  Memnon  c    mentions both as distinct battles  Cicero stated  Orat  pro lege Manclia  that there was just one battle  He said  vv The large and well trimmed fleet which Sertorius  commanders were in all fury sailing to Italy  was defeated by Lucullus and procouncil L  Murena  Do you think that the naval battle at Tenedus  when the enemy fleet in good hopes and spirits made a direct course for Italy under the most experienced generals  was defeated after a small battle or a light skirmish","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4162,"EventTxt":"In Orat  pro Archia poeta  Cicero stated  vv Lucullus defeated the enemies fleet at that incredible naval battle at Tenedus","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4163,"EventTxt":"Lucullus sent his letters to the senate which recounted his achievements  This was the custom of conquerors   Appian   When as the senate decreed to send him   talents to procure a fleet  he wrote back that he had no need of the money  He boasted that he was able to drive Mithridates from the sea with the ships of the Roman allies   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4164,"EventTxt":"After this  he hurried to catch Mithridates and thought he might find him around Bithynia  He secured the place by Voconius  whom he had sent with a squadron of ships to Nicomedia  to pursue Mithridates  However  Voconius was busy at Samothracia in the religious ceremonies and holy festival days there and came too late  Mithridates sailed and hurried to get to Pontus before Lucullus could catch him  A storm hit and wrecked part of his fleet  Some ships were damaged and other were sunk so that for many days all the coasts around there were littered with the wreckage that washed ashore  They say that this storm was caused by Diana Priapina in revenge against the Pontics for their plundering her temple and taking down her image from its place","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4165,"EventTxt":"Dio wrote that Mithridates was twice wrecked as he was sailing to Pontus  By these accidents  he lost about     men and   ships  The rest were scattered by the winds  Mithridates in his letter to Arsaces in Salust  said  vv He lost his best soldiers and his fleet by two wrecks  at Para and Heraclea","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4166,"EventTxt":"Orosius said  vv After Mithridates had manned his fleet and sailed against Byzantium  where Eutropius says he was chased by Lucullus   he was caught by a storm and lost   ships with brass prows","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4167,"EventTxt":"To conclude  Floras stated  vv A storm struck this fleet of more than   ships and a very large military force in the Pontic sea  The storm so battered it that it looked like it had been done by a real naval battle","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4168,"EventTxt":"The pilot of the large ship in which Mithridates was  did not think it possible to beach the ship in so boisterous a storm since it already leaked and was almost full of water  Mithridates against the advice of his friends leaped into the ship of Selemus a pirate and the pirate helped him get on board  Mithridates trusted himself with the pirates who brought him safely to Heraclea in Pontus   Plutarch  They first went to Sinope and later to Amisus   Appian and Orosius","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4169,"EventTxt":"Cotta wanted to atone for his former losses and moved his forces from Chalcedon where he then camped to Nicomedia  He camped   miles from the city and was cautious how he engaged the enemy  Triarius of his own accord  quickly brought his army by running marches to Cotta  Then both the Roman armies prepared to attack the city  The king knew that Lucullus had obtained already two notable victories over the Pontics at sea and that he was no match for the Roman forces  He moved his fleet back into the river where he lost some ships with   tiers of oars in a storm  However  he escaped with most of his ships to the Hypius River   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4170,"EventTxt":"Mithridates remained here because of the storm  He heard that Lamachus of Heraclea  a trusted old friend of his  ruled that state  Thereupon he flattered him by many fair promises to allow him into the city and to do the best he could for him  Mithridates also sent him some money because of this  Lamachus prepared a large feast for the citizens outside the city  During this feast he promised Mithridates that the gates would not be shut  He made the people drank so that Mithridates might come as planned on the very day  He came and took them by surprise as they were sleeping  So the city became his own  and no one even dreamed of his coming  Next day the king summoned the city together and spoke very friendly to them  After he had exhorted them to remain loyal to him  he committed the city to Connacoriges and placed a garrison there of   men  His pretence was merely to defend and protect the citizens in case the Romans should attack the place  From there  he sailed directly toward Sinope  Before he left he distributed some money among the citizens and especially among the magistrates   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4171,"EventTxt":"After Lucullus had recovered Paphlagonia and Bithynia  he passed through Bithynia and Galatia and invaded Mithridates  kingdom  He joined his forces at Nicomedia with the troops of Cotta and Triarius so that they might attack Pontus   Eutrop        Plutarch    Memnon  c      They received news of the taking of Heraclea when as yet they knew nothing of the plot  They thought it was surrendered when the citizens voluntarily abandoned the whole city  Lucullus thought it best that he with the whole power of his army  should march through the Mediterranean and Cappadocia against the king and his whole kingdom  Cotta thought they should try to recapture Heraclea  Triarius thought they should take the fleet and intercept Mithridates  ships which were sent into Crete and Spain when they returned through the Hellespont and Propontis   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4172,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates knew of their plans  he prepared for war  He quickly sent for forces from his son in law Tigranes the Armenian and to his son Macharus who was reigning in Bosphorus and from the Parthians  He also ordered Diodes to go to the bordering Scythians to solicit them with many gifts and a great weight of gold  However  he ran away with the gifts and the gold to Lucullus  The others also refused to meddle  Tigranes delayed for a long time   A letter of Mithridates to Arsaces inserted in the  th book of Salust s histories  confirmed that this war was begun and he refused to help from the start   However  he promised to send supplies  Mithridates  daughter wore on him until he yielded   Memnon  c     cf  Appian","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4173,"EventTxt":"The ambassador which Mithridates sent to Tigranes was Metrodorus Scepsius who left his philosophy and became a politician  Mithridates had him as such a close friend that he was called the king s father  He was made a judge and it was not lawful for any man to appeal his sentence to the king  Tigranes asked the king s ambassador what he thought of this business of sending forces against the Romans  The ambassador replied  vv As I am an ambassador I advise you to send  as I am a counsellor I am against it","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4174,"EventTxt":"Tigranes sent Metrodorus with his answer back to Mithridates but Metrodorus died on the way  Either the king had him killed or he died of some disease  for there was talk of both  Tigranes had informed the king of what Metrodorus had said and thought that Mithridates would never think any the worse of Metrodorus  To express his sorrow for what he had done  Tigranes interred his body very nobly and spared for no cost for him whom he had betrayed when he was alive   Strabo        p        Plutarch in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3932,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3932b AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4175,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent several generals against Lucullus  They fought some battles but the Romans won most of them   Memnon  c      At the first Lucullus was very short of food  There were     Galatians who followed the camp who were to each bring a measure of grain on their shoulders  After he had marched a little farther  he subdued and plundered all the way  Shortly after this  he came to a country that had not been ravaged by war for many years  A slave was sold for   drachmas and an ox for one drachma  Goats  sheep  clothes and other things were equally cheap  They were not able to carry away all the booty because there was so much  Some of it was left behind and the rest destroyed   Plutarch   Appian","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3933a AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4176,"EventTxt":"After this  Lucullus attempted to subdue Amisus and Eupatoria which Mithridates had built near it  He had called it by his own surname and made it his royal palace  A brigade of Lucullus  army was sent to take Themiscyra that was on the Thermodoon River  They used towers against the Themiscyrians and cast up works and dug such large mines that the sides often fought underground  The townsmen opened their mines from the top and through the holes let down bears  other wild beasts and swarms of bees among the invaders  They met stiff resistance at Amisus  The Amisians fought bravely in their own defence  They sometimes sallied out in force and other times just a few went out   Appian","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3933a AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4177,"EventTxt":"Lucullus spent much time before Amisus in a long siege  His army began to complain at the delay and grumbled quite a bit that they were not allowed to plunder all the cities they captured  It did not matter whether the city surrendered freely or was taken by storm  Lucullus replied that he had good reasons for drawing out the seige  By this  he hoped to wear down Mithridates  forces little by little  He did not want Mithridates to think he overpowered him lest he go to Tigranes for help and thus make another enemy for them to fight with  Plutarch said Lucullus spoke this  It is but a few days march from Cabirae into Armenia where Tigranes lives who is that lazy king of kings  He is so powerful  that he wrests Asia from the Parthians  carries the Greek cities into Media  holds Syria and Palestine  dethrones the kings  Seleucus  successors and steals their daughters and wives from their mansions and takes them with him as prisoners  This Tigranes is a neighbour to Mithridates and is his son in law","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3933a AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4178,"EventTxt":"Cotta moved his camp and marched with his Romans first to Prusia which was formerly called Cierus  From there he went down to the Pontic Sea  and passed by the sea coast  He camped before the walls of Heraclea which stood on the top of an hill  The Heracleans did not trust too much the strength of their location  They joined with the soldiers which Mithridates had garrisoned among them and fought against Cotta  who made valiant attempts against them  More fell on the Roman side than of the other  However  the Heracleans received many wounds from the Roman arrows  Therefore Cotta gave up the attack and sounded a retreat to his soldiers  He camped farther off and started to besiege the city  When the Heracleans were short of food  they sent their ambassadors to the colonies around them and wanted to buy food  The embassy was well received   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3933a AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4179,"EventTxt":"A little before this  Triarius who was equipped with the Roman fleet from Nicomedia  attacked the Pontic ships which Mithridates had sent toward Crete and Spain  When he knew that the rest of the ships had returned to Pontus he chased them  Many of them were lost by storms and naval battles in various places  He overtook them at Tenedus and attacked them  Lucullus had   ships and the Pontics less than    After they had ran violently on one another with their prows  the king s side endured the enemy attack very well for a while  Later they were forced to retire and the Romans obtained a complete and famous victory  This was the end of that large fleet which Mithridates brought with him into Asia   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-72,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4642,"Dating":"3933a AM, 4642 JP, 72 BC"}
{"Index":4180,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent abundant provisions  arms and soldiers to the besieged Amisians from Cabriae  He made Cabriae his winter quarters and levied another army  Appian   of     foot soldiers and   cavalry   Plutarch   Appian  Memnon said there were   cavalry","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4181,"EventTxt":"Olthacus  whom Appian calls Olcabas  was a Scythian and prince of the Dardarii who live around Lake Maeotis  He was highly commended for warlike exploits  counsel and civil deportment  He was in some of Mithridates  garrisons and contested with some of the princes and his countrymen for superiority  He promised to do a great exploit for Mithridates and would kill Lucullus  The king highly commended him but pretended as if he had been angry with him for it and very formally reproached him  Thereupon he rode off to Lucullus and was treated very friendly by him   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4182,"EventTxt":"The first year of the  th Olympiad was now approaching  In the spring  Lucullus left Muraena with   legions to continue the siege at Amisus  He marched with   other legions through the mountains against Mithridates   Phlegon Trallianus  Chro     in Bibliotheca Photii  Cod     Plutarch  Appian   Muraena was a lieutenant to Lucullus who was the general  He was the son to Muraena  whom Sulla had left as praetor in Asia  Cicero in a speech on his behalf says  vv During the time when he was lieutenant  he led an army  fought battles  defeated the enemy forces  took many cities  some by storm  others by siege  He behaved himself so well in Asia  which at that time was well provided with all luxuries that he left not the least hint of his covetousness or luxury  He demeaned himself so gallantly in that great war that he did many noble acts without the general s assistance and the general did nothing without him","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4183,"EventTxt":"Mithridates had ordered his guards that they might keep Lucullus out and give notice by fires in case any unusual thing should happen  Phoenix  who was one of the royal blood  was in charge of them  According to agreement  he warned of Lucullus  approach  but he and all his forces defected to Lucullus  By this action  the mountains could be crossed safely and Lucullus marched down to Cabirae   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4184,"EventTxt":"After Mithridates crossed the Lycus River he came into a wide plain and tried to provoke the Romans to fight   Plutarch   He sent Diophantus and Taxiles against them  At the first their armies  by daily skirmishes  only tested one another s strength   Memnon  c      Later their cavalry fought and the Romans fled  Lucullus was forced to retreat to the mountains  In this fight  Pompey or Pomponius  who was the general of this cavalry  was taken prisoner and brought to Mithridates  He was seriously wounded  When Mithridates asked him that if he allowed him to live  would he be his friend in the future  He replied  vv Truly  I shall  if you will conclude a peace with the people of Rome  but if not  I shall remain your enemy","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4185,"EventTxt":"After this reply  the barbarians would have killed him  but the king would not allow them  He said that he would not allow any cruelty on a valiant man merely because of misfortune   Plutarch   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4186,"EventTxt":"After this  Mithridates drew his forces into battle array and stood in that posture for many days  Since Lucullus would not come down to fight  he looked for a way to march up to him   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4187,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Olcabas  or Olthacus the Scythian who had saved many Romans in the last battle of the cavalry was admitted into Lucullus  inner circle at meal time and knew their counsels and secrets  He came with his usual short dagger by his side  to Lucullus  as he was sleeping at noon in his tent  He said he had some matter of great importance to tell Lucullus but Menedemus  Lucullus  chamberlain refused to let him in  Olcabas feared lest he might be questioned and stole away from the camp and rode on horse back to Mithridates   Plutarch   Appian   He revealed to the king another Scythian  named Sobadacus  who intended to run away to Lucullus  who was immediately seized   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4188,"EventTxt":"Lucullus was afraid to come down to the plain because the enemy cavalry was too strong  However  he was perplexed about how to pass through the mountainous region which was a long way and full of woods and quite dangerous  By chance  he came upon some Greeks who had hidden themselves in a certain cave around there  The oldest of them was Apollodorus who  as Appian says  was an hunter and knew the mountains well  He guided Lucullus and his army to a place where he might safely camp  It also had a citadel overlooking Cabirae  Lucullus used this guide  kindled fires in the camp and marched away  He went through the woods without any difficulty by an unused path and finally arrived at that citadel  At daybreak  he was seen pitching his tents above the enemy  He chose his place so that if he wanted to fight he could and if not  he could not be forced into a fight  He still avoided the plains for fear of the enemy cavalry and camped where there was plenty of water   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4189,"EventTxt":"Neither army thought of fighting at present  It is reported that as the king s party was chasing a deer  the Romans came that way and stopped their chase  A skirmish began and more came flocking in from both sides  Finally the Romans fled  Lucullus came down alone to the plain and ran up to the forest from where the Romans came running  He ordered them to stop and march back again with him against the enemies  These submitted to the general and the others stopped also  They rallied together and easily made the enemy flee and pursued them to their very camp  When Lucullus returned from pursuing the enemy  he publicly disgraced those who ran away  He took away their weapons and ordered them to dig a   foot trench while all the other soldiers stood by and looked on   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4190,"EventTxt":"When Lucullus ran short of food  he sent a party into Cappadocia to forage  He often skirmished with the enemy until at one time the king s troops began to flee  Mithridates ran from the camp and derided them for fleeing and forced them back again  That put such a dread upon the Romans that they ran back without stopping to the mountains  Although the king s troops abandoned the chase  the Romans were so terrified that they still kept running and thought the enemy was at their heels  Mithridates sent messengers to all parts to tell of his victory   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4191,"EventTxt":"Sornatius was sent by Lucullus with a legion of foot soldiers to get provisions  He saw Menander  one of Mithridates  commanders and followed after him  He stopped until they came to him  Then he fought with them and killed many and put the rest to flight   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4192,"EventTxt":"After this  Adrianus was again sent by Lucullus with some forces into Cappadocia to supply the army with food  Taxiles and Diophantus  Mithridates  generals  sent Menemachus and Miron  against him with   foot soldiers and   cavalry  They hoped to ambush their wagons as they returned to Lucullus   Memnon  c     Phlegon  year    Olymp       Plutarch   Since Cappadocia was the only place where Lucullus might expect supplies  Mithridates hoped to put him in the same distress as he was put in at the seige of Cizycum   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4193,"EventTxt":"The king s party  attacked by chance a party of the foragers in some narrow passes  They did not wait until they came to a more open place and so the cavalry could not help them  Thereupon the Romans  drew themselves up as fast as they could into battle array  The roughness of the places helped them  They attacked the king s troops and killed some of them and forced others down the precipices of the rocks  The rest fled away   Appian   When the Romans  had received some troops from Lucullus  they pursued them to the very camp of Diophantus and Taxiles  In a fierce battle  the Pontics stood their ground for a while  As soon as their commanders began to give ground  the whole army retreated  The commanders were the first that told of this defeat to Mithridates   Memnon  c      Plutarch said that all the cavalry and foot soldiers who came with Menemachus and Miron  were killed except for only two  Eutropus wrote that     of the king s best soldiers were routed by   of the Romans          Livy stated that Lucullus fought in Pontus against Mithridates with very good success  and killed more than     of the enemy          He took into account those who were killed a little later when Mithridates was made to flee","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4194,"EventTxt":"Mithridates heard this news before Lucullus did   Appian   Adrianus had marched by Lucullus  camp in great pomp and brought along with him a large number of wagons laden with provisions and spoil  This sight depressed Lucullus and his soldiers began to fear and tremble   Plutarch   However  the king  was sure Lucullus would suddenly attack him  now that he had lost his cavalry  He began to be afraid and think of fleeing  In his pavilion  he told his friends the fix they were in  They did not wait so long until the trumpet sounded to gather up their baggage and moved all their goods from the camp before daybreak  There was such a company of them that the beasts of burden began to crowd one another  No sooner was this seen by the army who knew the drivers of the beasts of burden and feared for the worse  They were not notified and were quite upset and rushed violently from their trenches   Appian   They ran in a great chase to the gates and rifled the packs  They attacked those that were carrying them away and killed them all  Dorylaus the general was killed  He only had a purple garment on his back and was killed for that very garment  Hermaeus  a soothsayer  was trampled to death in the gates   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4195,"EventTxt":"The soldiers ran away over the fields in no order and everyone cared only for himself and did not wait for orders from their generals and commanders  As soon as the king knew of the disorder and speed with which they fled  he ran out of his pavilion  He hoped to say something to them  Nobody would listen but pressed so hard on him that he fell down in the crowd   Appian   Memnon wrote that he stayed for some time at Cabirae and later made his escape   c      Appian stated that he soon went on horseback and fled away to the mountains with only a small retinue with him  Plutarch stated that Mithridates had not lost a soldier and went from the camp with the other throng  Neither was there any of the king s party which had a horse ready  Finally though late  Ptolemy the eunuch  who had a horse  saw Mithridates tossed to and fro in the fight  He leaped off his horse and offered his horse to the king","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4196,"EventTxt":"When Lucullus knew of the victory of his foragers and saw the flight of their enemy  he sent a good brigade of cavalry to pursue after them in their flight  He surrounded with his legions those who remained in the camp and had put themselves in a defensive position  He told his troops not to pillage the enemy camp  until such time that they had killed as many of them as they could  When the soldiers saw the gold and silver vessels and the rich garments  they ignored the general s prohibition   Appian   The king had been overtaken by a company of Galatians  who had caught up with him in the chase although they would not have known him except for one of his mules which carried the king s treasure  It was placed between the king and his pursuers either of its own accord or by the king s plan to slow them down  For while they were busy in gathering up the gold and quarrelling among themselves about the spoil  the king escaped   Memnon  c     Plutarch   Appian   When they had taken Callistratus the king s secretary  Lucullus ordered him brought to the camp  Those who escorted him  found he had   crowns in the belt he wore and killed him along the way   Plutarch   Cicero wrote this of the escape of Mithridates from Pontus  vv Mithridates fled away and left behind in Pontus  a very large store of gold and silver and other precious things  Part of this he had received from his ancestors and part taken in his first war in Asia and added it to his other treasures  While our men were over busy in gathering up all they found  the king escaped","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4197,"EventTxt":"Lucullus came as far as Talaura in pursuing Mithridates  This was now the  th day and Mithridates had an head start and so escaped into Armenia to Tigranes   He did not go to Iberia  as it is incorrectly stated in Josephus        c      Lucullus marched back again and gave the soldiers the plunder of the king s camp   Plutarch   He sent M  Pompey as commander in chief against Mithridates while he  with all his forces  moved to Cabirae   Memnon  c      Mithridates  in a letter to Arsaces   in       histor  Salust   stated the matter in this way  vv After I recruited my army at Cabirae and had many battles between me and Lucullus  both of us were short of food  He was supplied from Ariobarzanes  kingdom of Cappadocia which had not been touched by the war  Since all parts about me were wasted and destroyed  I withdrew into Armenia","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4198,"EventTxt":"Mithridates got safely to Comana and from there hurried away to Tigranes with   cavalry   Appian   He could by no means get his son in law to help him for he would not own him  who had lost so great a kingdom  nor much as to come into his fight for him nor acknowledge him as his kinsman  However  Mithridates procured from him a grant for the protection of his person and was assigned a princely table in some of his citadels nor was he lacking such duties of hospitality   Memnon  c     Appian   Although  Plutarch wrote that he put him off with a great deal of contempt and scorn and Mithridates was cooped up in some remote corner in the swampy and unhealthful places","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4199,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates was on his flight  he sent Bacchus or Bacchides  one of his eunuchs  to kill any way he could his sisters  wives and concubines  who were kept at Pharnacia   Memnon  c     Plutarch    Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4200,"EventTxt":"Among these were   of the king s sisters  Roxane and Statira who had lived as virgins for almost   years  Also were   of his Ionian wives  Berenice a Chian  and Monima a Milesian  Bacchides came to them and told them that they must die but they should have the freedom to choose what kind of death they thought most easy and free from pain  Monima took the diadem from off her head and made it fit for her neck and hanged herself by it  However it broke and she said  vv O thou cursed band  wilt thou not serve for this use","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4201,"EventTxt":"Then she kicked it about and spit on it  She exposed her throat to Bacchides  Berenice took a cup of poison and gave part of it to her mother who was present there and asked for it  So they drank it both together  The poison did work on the weaker body but it did not kill Berenice since she had not taken her full dose  Therefore when Bacchides saw her in pain and a long while in dying  he strangled her  It is also reported that of those two virgin sisters that Roxane  after many a curse and reproach against her brother drank her poison  But Satiras spoke nothing bitter or unworthy of him but praised him highly in that when he was in danger for his life that he should think of them to provide that they should die free women and not raped   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4202,"EventTxt":"When Lucullus besieged Cabirae  the barbarians surrendered conditionally  He made peace with them and took over their strongholds   Memnon  c      After the surrender of Cabirae and many other cities  he found rich treasures and prisons in which were many Greeks and also many of the king s friends locked up  They had long thought themselves as dead men and were released to a new life by Lucullus  favour  Nysa  Mithridates  sister  was found among the rest and freed   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4203,"EventTxt":"Most of the governors of Mithridates  garrisons defected to Lucullus   Appian   Among these  was Strabo  the geographer s grandfather  by the mother s side and brother to Moaphernes  the governor of Colchis under Mithridates   Strabo        p      He defected because Mithridates had recently killed his first cousin  Tibius and his son Theophilus  He was instrumental in the defection of   other garrisons from Mithridates to Lucullus   Strabo        p      Thus Pontus was wide open to the Roman legions which before was blocked on all sides so that the Romans could not enter it   Cicero  pro  lege Manilia    pro Archia","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4204,"EventTxt":"When the Romans had finished their work with Mithridates  they attacked the Cretians  merely from ambition to subdue that noble island  They pretended their reason was that the Cretians favoured Mithridates and had let him have mercenaries for his army against the Romans  Mithridates had entered into an alliance with the pirates whom M  Antionius was chasing at that time  The Cretians had offended Antionius when he was a delegate and had given him two arrogant repliess  Thereupon Antionius soon confidently invaded the island and was so sure of victory that he carried more chains than arms in his ships  However  the enemies intercepted many of his ships and bound those that they took prisoners with sails and ropes and hung them up  In that manner the Cretians hoisted sail and returned back triumphantly to their harbours  Antionius became sick and died thus ending the war which he had started with little success  In spite of that he obtained the surname of Creticus   Livy       Flor        c     Asconius in Oratio  de pratura Verris Siciliensi  Appian  Legat","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4205,"EventTxt":"Antiochus Asiaticus  the son of Antiochus Pius had stayed almost   whole years at Rome with his brother and had not yet received a promise from from the senate for those things which he demanded concerning the kingdom of Egypt  On his return home  he journeyed through Sicily and came to Syracuse and stayed in the house of Q  Minucius Rufus  He brought along with him to Rome a candlestick  very elaborately made of bright gems which he intended to bestow in the capitol  Since the temple there was not yet completed  he planned to carry it back again with him into Syria  He would send it back to the capitol by his ambassadors with some other presents at the time of the dedication of Jupiter s image which was done in the next year by Q  Catulus  Verres  the praetor of Sicily  cheated him of this candlestick  many other cups of gold inlaid with gems and another cup for wine which was cut from one large gem  When he demanded them back  Verres ordered him to leave the province before night and told him that he had received news that the pirates were coming from his kingdom into Sicily   Cicero in Verina    or       in Verrem","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4206,"EventTxt":"After frequent massacres in Judea by the Pharisees  the old friends of Alexander Jannaeus went to Queen Alexandra and told her what was happening  The leader of them was Alexandra s younger son  Aristobulus  They made their addresses to the court and asked the queen that they might either be all killed there or else that they might be dispersed into various citadels where they might spend the rest of their lives safe from their enemies  treacheries  Thereupon she  for want of better counsel at that time  entrusted them with the command of all the citadels  except for Hircania  Alexandrium and Machaerus  In these places  she had stored her best treasures   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4207,"EventTxt":"Cotta still besieged Heraclea and had not yet made an assault against it with his whole army  He had only brought up against the town a few of his Romans and placed the Bithynians in the front lines  When he saw how many of them were wounded and slain  he resorted to his engines  None terrified the besieged so much  as the one which they called their turtle   Latin testudo   This was an engine enclosed with boards and raw hides and under its shelter they might safely scale the walls  Thereupon Cotta brought up all his troops from the camp  He led them up against a tower which they had good hopes of making a breach in  The tower had endured one or two batteries without any damage at all  Contrary to all their expectations  the ram broke off from the engine  The Heracleans were encouraged and Cotta began to despair of ever taking the town  The next day they used their engine again but with little results  Therefore Cotta burnt the engine and cut off the carpenter s head who made it  He left a sufficient guard at the walls of the city and he camped with the rest of his army in the plain of Layca which had plenty of provisions  Thereby he reduced the city to dire need since all the country about Heraclea was utterly destroyed  Thereupon they immediately sent an embassy to the Sevthians  the inhabitants of Chersonesus and to the Theodosians and to the princes about Bosphorus  They wanted to make a league which they agreed to   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4208,"EventTxt":"While the enemies attacked the city from without  they were almost as badly plagued by disputes among themselves within the town  For Mithridates  garrison was not content to eat what the townsmen lived on  They scourged the citizens  and made them provide things which at that time were quite scarce  Connacorix  the governor  was worse than his soldiers for he did not restrain their insolence but freely permitted them to do what they wanted   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3933,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3933b AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4209,"EventTxt":"Lucullus subdued the Chaldeans and the Tibarenians   Plutarch   He captured Armenia the less which Mithridates previously controlled   Plutarch   Eutrop         After he had gone over all Pontus and subdued the province  he came with his fleet to its coastal cities   Appian","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3934a AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4210,"EventTxt":"Amisus was still besieged  Callimarchus  the governor  had worn out the Romans with his engine devices and his plots   Plutarch  Lucullus came to besiege them and exhorted them to surrender  When he saw they would not  he moved the siege to Eupatoria and acted as if he had been very careless in attacking them  Those that kept the garrison also became careless and continued still in their false sense of security  Thereupon Lucullus commanded his soldiers to quickly scale the walls  So Eupatoria was taken and immediately pulled down to the ground   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-71,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4643,"Dating":"3934a AM, 4643 JP, 71 BC"}
{"Index":4211,"EventTxt":"Not long after Amisus was taken  which  as Plutarch confirms from Salust   had held out for another winter s siege  For at the same hour of the day on which Callimachus usually withdrew his soldiers to allow them to refresh themselves  Lucullus scalled the walls with his ladders   Memnon  c     Plutarch   When a little part of the walls was taken by the enemy  Callimachus burned the city either from his envy that the Romans should have so great a booty or else contriving by this to escape  For nobody hindered any that would sail away  As soon as the flame caught hold on the walls  the soldiers immediately started plundering  From pity for the burning city  Lucullus tried to stop the fire from outside the walls and ordered his soldiers to help to quench it  None heeded him but shouted and rattled their armour  Hence Lucullus was forced to give the plunder to the soldiers that he might save the city from being burnt to the ground  However  they did the exact opposite  When the fire was almost everywhere  the soldiers themselves set fire to some houses  While the city was being taken  the fire was put out by a storm which happened miraculously  Lucullus repaired many places before he left   Plutarch   He prevented his soldiers from any further slaughter of the citizens and he gave both the city and the country to those that survived   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4212,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Tyrannio the grammarian was taken prisoner  Lucullus did not want to make him a slave and gave him to Muraena who freed him  Tyrannio was a citizen of Amisus by birth as Strabo states  who was one of his students   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4213,"EventTxt":"Selene the queen asked the Syrians to help to drive out Tigranes  She was otherwise called Cleopatra  who after the death of her husband Antiochus Pius  reigned jointly with her sons in that part of Syria which Tigranes king of Armenia had not captured  She had some cities of Phoenicia defect from him  Thereupon Tigranes entered Syria with a vast army to quell the rebellion   Joseph        c     cf  Plutarch in Lucullo   In this expedition  it is likely that Tigranes recovered those   valleys of Armenia which were naturally fortified with hills and mountains  When Tigranes was a Parthian hostage  he gave this to the Parthians as a gift  He wasted the countries of the Parthians around Ninus and Arbela   Strabo        p      For this undoubtedly was that recent war of Tigranes against the Parthians which is mentioned by Mithridates in his letter to Arsaces the next year  in       histor  Salust   and which also Dio affirms         Histories  He stated that a certain disputed country was taken from the Parthians","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4214,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Alexandria  queen of the Jews  Josephus was born to Matthias Curtus  the priest s son  Josephus was the grandfather to Josephus the historian as Josephus states in the beginning of the book of his life","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4215,"EventTxt":"Alexander sent his son Aristobulus with an army to Damascus against Ptolemy Mennaeus  He had been a very troublesome neighbour to that city  Alexander marched back again without any results   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4216,"EventTxt":"About this same time it was rumoured that Tigranes had entered Syria with an army of     men and that he would suddenly come into Judaea  This news terrified the queen and the Jews  Thereupon they dispatched ambassadors to him with rich presents as he beseiged Ptolemais and captured it soon after  When the ambassadors found him there  they told him the queen and the Jews would deal honestly and fairly with him  He commended them for their coming on so long a journey to do homage to him and wished them all well   Joseph        c      Appian wrote that Tigranes overran all the counties of the Syrians on this side of the Euphrates as far as Egypt   Syriac  p      Lucullus stated  Plutarch  that he captured Palestine  However  Eutropius stated that he did not march toward Egypt beyond Phoenicia and that Tigranes was master of only part of Phoenicia   Eutropius","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4217,"EventTxt":"Lucullus sent his wife s brother  Appius Claudius as an ambassador to Tigranes to demand Mithridates from him   Memnon  c       Plutarch   The king s captain brought him through the upper countries by a circuitous and round about way  Finally one of his own free men  a Syrian  showed him the right way  Using him for their guide  they reached the Euphrates River in   days and came to Antioch which was called Epidaphne  He was ordered to wait there for Tigranes who was gone to subdue some other cities of Phoenicia which were not yet under his power  He made many of the princes in those parts who did not obey the Armenians heartily  to side with the Romans  Zarbienus king of the Gordians was one of them   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4218,"EventTxt":"Appius promised Lucullus  help to many other cities under Tigranes  control  They had secretly sent ambassadors to him  He ordered them not to rebel at the present time  The Armenians treated the Greeks very badly  The king was worse than the rest and grew more arrogant and conceited with his success  Whatever mortal men wish for themselves and admire  he thought was for him and purposely created for him  Many kings waited upon him as his servants  He had   in his retinue as his attendants and guards who on their errands ran on foot by his horse s side  When he sat on his throne and answered questions the countries had asked of him  they stood with their hands clasped together and their fingers folded one within another  This posture more than any other was a sign of their submission to him   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4219,"EventTxt":"L  Motellus was appointed to succeed Verres as praetor of Sicily   Ascanius in Divinat   Motellus went against the pirates in Sicily   not Cilicia  as incorrectly written in Livy s Epitome  and was victorious   Livy       Oros        c      When the Sicilians impeached Verres for extortion  Cicero was appointed to represent them  Cicero had a dispute with Hornensius  who was designed consul   Cicero in Bruio   In this Q  Cecilius Niger tried his best to prosecute the impeachment of Verres instead of Cicero  Q  Cicilius Niger was Verres  quaestor in that island  He was a Sicilian by descent  as Pedianus noted in Divination adversus Cacilium  and a free man and a Jew by religion  Plutarch writes in the life of Cicero where he relates the jest which Cicero made of Caecilius for being a Jew  It was based on a play on the the word verres which means castrated pig in Latin  vv What has a Jew got to do with a pig","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4220,"EventTxt":"The passage of Cicero        against Verres  shows the condition of things at that time  vv Notwithstanding all this  let him come if he please  let him engage with the Cretians in a battle  let him free the Byzantians  let him call Ptolemy king  let him speak and think whatever Hortensins would have him","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4221,"EventTxt":"This agreed with another passage in an letter which Mithridates wrote the next year to Arsaces   Salust        histor   vv The Cretians were at that time the only people who retained their freedom and king Ptolemy  A little later Ptolemy delayed the battle he was hired to fight  When the Cretians had been attacked once  they were resolved not to stop until they were utterly defeated","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4222,"EventTxt":"By comparing the two passages  we may gather that the Romans used for their own advantage the right which Antiochus Asiaticus claimed to the kingdom of Egypt  They deemed it convenient that Ptolemy Alexander should be called king as long as he would purchase the quiet possession of that kingdom by paying a constant tribute  Also that the Romans were fully resolved to start again the first war with Crete which was ended by the death of M  Antionius  This all happened in the following year as we shall see","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4223,"EventTxt":"Lucullus marched into Asia  which was still in arrears a quarter part of the fruits because of a fine which Sulla had imposed  This tribute was proportioned according to their houses and number of servants   Appian   The collectors and money lenders had made such havock of the cities of Asia and had treated them so slavishly  They were compelled to sell privately their sons and their daughters into slavery and sell their ornaments  pictures and images  The end of this was that they became slaves to their creditors","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4224,"EventTxt":"Lucullus took such an action with those pestilent fellows that within   years all obligations were satisfied and possessions were restored free again to their owners to inherit  This public debt was     talents which Sulla had imposed upon Asia  The creditors were allowed only double the sum which by their usuries had amounted to     talents  The creditors thought this was too hard a measure and slandered Lucullus at Rome and had the important Romans to be against him  However Lucullus was very well liked by those countries where he had done those good services  He was greatly endeared to all the other provinces who esteemed those people very happy whose lot it was to have such a governor as he was appointed over them   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4225,"EventTxt":"After Lucullus had fully settled Asia with many excellent laws and an universal peace  he relaxed and enjoyed himself  He lived at Athens and he delighted the cities with shows  triumphal feasts  wrestling and fencing  The cities kept the holiday of Lucullia to honour him  He was not as affected by this as the affection they bore toward him   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4226,"EventTxt":"Tigranes killed Cleopatra  surnamed Selena after he kept her securely as a prisoner in the citadel at Seleucia   Strabo        p      Antiochus Asiaticus  who had some hopes of recovering the kingdom of Egypt by right of his mother  was dispossessed of that part of Syria which she held","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4227,"EventTxt":"As soon as Tigranes returned to Antioch  Appius the delegate declared publicly that he was come to take Mithridates  as belonging to Lucullus  triumph and if Tigranes refused to surrender him  he was to proclaim war against Tigranes  Tigranes was somewhat troubled with the delegate s outspoken behaviour but held his peace to see what else he would say  In almost  years  he had not heard anyone speak freely to him until now  It was for so many years he had reigned or rather played the part of a forager  He replied to Appius that he knew very well that Mithridates was a very wicked man yet he must respect the alliance between them  All the world might well cry out against him  if he should surrender his wife s father into the hands of his enemies  He was therefore resolved not to desert Mithridates and if the Romans started a war  he could put up a good fight  He was very offended at Lucullus because in his letter he had greeted him as king only and not as king of kings  Therefore to get even  when he wrote back  he did not address Lucullus by the title of general  Appius returned quickly to the general  Of the many other presents the king offered him  he accepted only one cup of gold  He feared lest he offend the king if he refused all the presents   Strabo        p     cf  Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4228,"EventTxt":"When Tigranes learned that Zarbienus  the king of the Gordians  had secretly allied himself with Lucullus  he killed him with his wife and children   Plutarch  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4229,"EventTxt":"As soon as Appius was returned and the war with Tigranes was planned  Lucullus paid his holy vows to his gods at Ephesus  as if the victory had been already won  He marched back again into Pontus and camped before Sinope or rather besieged the king s party of Cilicians who were garrisoned there   Plutarch  in Lucullo  cf  Appian  p      For as the city was assaulted from outside the walls by the Romans  so was it within the walls by the commander whom Mithridates had appointed to keep the town  The commander was called Cleochares according to Orosius  or Bacchis  according to Strabo  He feared treachery among the citizens and therefore committed various massacres among the citizens  Hence the citizens neither had heart to courageously resist the enemy nor were they in a position to conditionally surrender   Strabo        p      Memnon said this about that event","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4230,"EventTxt":"The king had entrusted Leonippus along with Cleochares to defend the city  Leonippus saw that things were hopeless and sent to Lucullus about surrendering the city  However  Cleochares and Seleucus  the chief pirate who was Mithridates  delegate and was in equal authority with the rest  detected a plot  They called a council and accused Leonippus  The citizens paid no attention to the accusation since they had a very high opinion of the man s integrity  Thereupon Cleochares  faction was afraid of his following among the common people and treacherously killed him at night  The common people were deeply disturbed by this  However Cleochares and his party prevailed and did what they wished  They thought that by carrying things with such an high hand  they could escape being calling into account for the murder of Leonippus   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4231,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile Censorinus  admiral of the Roman fleet  sailed with   galleys of   tiers of oars which were loaded with provisions  They sailed from Bosphorus for the Roman camp and arrived near Sinope  Cleochares  and Seleucus  Sinopian galleys under the command of Seleucus put to sea and fought with Censorinus  The Italians were defeated and their ships with their provisions were taken away as a prize  Cleochares and his colleague was elevated with this success and behaved more tyrannically than before  They hailed the townsmen to execution without any legal processes and cruelly abused them in other ways  It happened that Cleochares and Seleucus became at odds with each other  Cleochares deemed it best to continue the war but Seleucus wanted to kill all Sinopians and surrender the city to the Romans as a good gratuity  Since they could not agree about the business  they put all they had into ships and sent them away to Machares  Mithridates  son  who at was at that time living at Colchis   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4232,"EventTxt":"About that time  Lucullus drew up closer to the city and made a most intense attack on it  Machares  Mithridates  son  sent an embassy to Lucullus and requested a league of friendship between them  The petition was courteously received and he told him that there should be a firm league between them provided that they send no more supplies to the Sinopians  Machares observed this and whatever was intended for the relief of Mithridates  party  he ordered it sent to Lucullus   Memnon c      Machares  king of Bosphorus  gave Lucullus a coronet valued at  rowns and was admitted as an ally and confederate of the Romans   Livy       cf  Plutarch    Appian","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4233,"EventTxt":"Cleochares and Seleucus saw how things went and knew they were in a desperate condition  Thereupon they massacred many of the citizens and carried an abundance of wealth to their ships  They let their soldiers plunder the town then they burned it  After this they burnt their larger ships and they sailed away by night with the smaller ones to the inner parts of Pontus and lived by the Sanegians and the Lazians  When Lucullus saw the fire he guessed what had happened and ordered his soldiers to scale the walls  As soon as he entered the town  he killed  f the king s party who remained behind  He had great pity on the rest and hurried to put out the fires and restored the citizens  goods  Thus was this miserable city by the hands of friends and foes  ruined by those who came to defend it and preserved by those who came to ruin it   Memnon  c     Plutarch Appian  Orosius       c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4234,"EventTxt":"The reason why Lucullus took such a care of preserving Sinope and later enfranchising it was this  It was rumoured to be some admonition which he received in a dream  For in his sleep one appeared at his bed side and spoke these words  vv Go a little forward Lucullus for Autolychus is coming to meet thee","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4235,"EventTxt":"When he awoke  he could not possibly imagine what this meant  The same day that he took the city  he saw a statue lying by the sea shore in his pursuit of the Cilicians who fled away by ship  The Cilicians planned to have made it their companion in their escape and to that end wrapped it up in clothes and bound it up with cords  They did not have enough time to get it onto the ship  When the Romans unwrapped it  Lucullus saw that it looked like the one who appeared to him in a dream the previous night  Later he learned that it was the statue of Autolychus who was the founder of the city of Sinope  When he heard this  he remembered Sulla s warning who wrote in his commentaries that nothing is to be accounted so sure and certain as that which is shown in dreams   Plutarch    Appian   This statue of Autolychus was made by Sthenides  Lucullus took it and Billarus  sphere with him but left all other ornaments of the city behind   Strabo","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4236,"EventTxt":"After he was finished at Sinope  he restored Amisus to its inhabitants who fled away in ships  He granted the city the right to use their own laws and gave them their freedom   Appian   He repopulated cities for other Greeks  even for as many who wished that favour from him  He added to each city   miles of land  Moreover  he was kind to the Athenians who in the time of Sulla had escaped there to live because of Aristion s tyranny  He gave the ones still living clothes and   drachmas each and sent them back to their country   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4237,"EventTxt":"Amasea  Strabo the geographer s country  still held out against the Romans  but yielded soon after   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4238,"EventTxt":"After Cotta had destroyed all around Heraclea  he again attacked the walls  The soldiers lacked enthusiasm for this and he gave up on it  He sent for Triarius and ordered him to quickly blockade the way and intercept the supplies that came by sea for the townsmen   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4239,"EventTxt":"Triarius came with his   ships and   Rhodian ships  He sailed with this fleet to Pontus  He notified Cotta of his arrival who drew up his army to the walls of the city and Triarius showed himself at sea  Thereupon the Heracleans were somewhat troubled at Triarius  sudden arrival with his fleet and put to sea with   ships  They were not as well manned as they should have been since all the other men were used in defending the city against the enemy s assaults  The Rhodians first attacked the Heraclean ships and   Rhodian s ships and   of the Heraclean s were sunk  Thereupon the Romans came into the battle  Although they were soundly defeated in the battle  they did more harm than they received from the enemy  At the end  they routed the Heracleans and forced them to retreat back to the city with the loss of   of their ships  The conquering fleet rode into the great port and Cotta withdrew his foot soldiers from storming the town   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4240,"EventTxt":"Every day Triarius  men made their sallies from the port to hinder supplies from coming to the besieged  There was such a shortage of food in the city that a bottle of grain was sold for  attics  To make matters worse  a pestilence broke out among them that may have been caused by unhealthy air or a poor diet  They all did not die in the same way but appeared to suffer from different diseases  Lamachus  pangs of death were more violent and tedious than any of the others  This disease raged most among the soldiers of the garrison so that   of the   soldiers died   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3934,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3934b AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4241,"EventTxt":"Conacorix was now ready to betray the city to the Romans because of the siege  To buy his own safety  he made the Heracleans pay for it  Damopheles  an Heraclean  helped to effect the plot  He was a great rival with Lamachus in all matters and after Lamachus  death  he was appointed over the garrison  Conacorix did not trust Cotta who was a devious man but told the matter to Triarius  Damopheles was also anxious to complete the matter and arrived at a fair bargain for the surrender  The conspirators thought themselves safe and went about their work  It happened that the conspirators  business became public knowledge  Thereupon citizens came together and called for the governor of the city and then for Brithagoras who was an eminent person of authority among his country men  They earnestly asked Conacorix that he would secure their safety too from Triarius  He was very much opposed to this but he very craftily led the Heracleans on with this flattering words for a while   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4242,"EventTxt":"Thereupon in the dead of the night  Conacorix shipped all his men and left the town  This was the agreement he had made with Triarius that they would march away quietly with all their baggage  Damopheles opened the gates and let in the Roman army with Triarius  Some of them came rushing in at the gate and others clambered up the walls  When the Heracleans saw that they were betrayed  some of them surrendered and the rest were killed  They plundered their household goods and whatever things they had laid aside in hopes of saving  In  the enemy acted very cruelly against the citizens  for the Romans remembered what great losses they had received in the recent navel battle and what great trouble they had in assaulting the town  In revenge  they did not spare those who had escaped for sanctuary to the consecrated places  They slew them near the altars and the temples even though they begged for mercy  Their condition seemed so desperate  that many escaped over the walls and dispersed themselves about the country while others were forced to flee to Cotta   Mennon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4243,"EventTxt":"Cotta was told by those that fled to him that the city was taken and many men were killed and the town was plundered  He was upset by this news and in a very great indignation he marched as fast as he could to the city  His army was also very deeply discontented because they had lost the glory of their valiant achievements and were cheated of all their plunder  Thereupon  they attacked most fiercely Triarius  men and outdid one another by killing each other  When Triarius heard of the rebellion  he put an end to the battle by pacifying Cotta with good words and promised faithfully an equal share of all the plunder they had taken in the town   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4244,"EventTxt":"Cotta was told that Conacorix had seized Teium and Amastus and immediately sent Triarius to recover their cities again from his hands  Cotta stayed at Heraclea and took into his custody those that surrendered themselves and the prisoners  He went on to other matters  All his administration was done very cruelly  He searched up and down in every corner for the wealth of the city  He did not spare the consecrated things  He took down the statues and images even the very good ones and had a good number of them  He carried Hercules from the market place and ripped off his ornaments from the pyramid and various other things from the temple and city that were every bit as rare and beautiful as they  These he put on his ships  For his farewell  he ordered his soldiers to bring fire and they burnt the city in many places  Thus was Heraclea taken and subdued after withstanding a   year siege   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4245,"EventTxt":"Triarius arrived at the cities assigned him by Cotta and recovered them when they surrendered conditionally  He allowed Conacorix to sail away who had thought to conceal his betrayal of Heraclea by seizing these two cities   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4246,"EventTxt":"After Cotta had finished matters he turned over all his foot soldiers and cavalry to Lucullus and dismissed the auxiliaries whom he had from their various allies  Cotta sailed away with his fleet  It happened that part of the fleet which carried the spoils of Heraclea  was overloaded and sank not far from shore and the other part was dashed against the sands by a contrary north wind and lost much of their cargo   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4247,"EventTxt":"Lucullus left Sornatius behind with   soldiers to order the province and took along with him     foot soldiers and less than   cavalry     legions and   cavalry according to Appian  He entered Cappadocia where Ariobarzanes was his friend and made very long marches to the Euphrates River where Cappadocia borders Armenia   Salust  Histor        with Nonium  in vos  Naves codicaria  Memnon  c     Plut  Appian","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4248,"EventTxt":"At that time in the winter  the Euphrates River was swollen and rough  About evening  the water began to recede and by daybreak the river was running within its own banks  Thereupon the inhabitants fell down in adoration of Lucullus  The waters did not go down before but only at the very time he came to allow him an easy crossing  As soon as he had crossed over with his army another favourable prodigy happened  One of the oxen came to Lucullus  These animals were consecrated to the Persian Diana whom the barbarians beyond the Euphrates River worship with high reverence  Those beasts are usually not captured without much trouble  However  this one came of its own accord to him and he sacrificed the bull to the Euphrates River for his easy crossing  He camped there all that day   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4249,"EventTxt":"During the time he marched through Sophenes  he did not offend in any way the inhabitants and they surrendered to him and cheerfully entertained his army   Plutarch   He only requested some money from them  The inhabitants of those countries did not like fighting so they would not interfere when Tigranes and Lucullus were fighting   Appian","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4250,"EventTxt":"In those parts there was a citadel  where a great deal of treasure was thought to be stored  The soldiers wanted to attack the place but Lucullus pointed at Taurus which might be seen in the distance and said  vv Let us rather attack that stronghold  What is stored here is only reserved to reward conquerors","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4251,"EventTxt":"So they marched on and he crossed the Tigris River and entered Armenia   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4252,"EventTxt":"At the same time as Lucullus invaded Armenia  Alexandra  queen of the Jews  became very sick  Thereupon Aristobulus  her young son  desired the kingdom and stole out in the night and took along with him only one servant  He went to the citadels which his father s friends controlled  Only his wife knew of his plans whom he left at home with his children  The first place he came to was Agaba  where Galaestes was in command  He received Aristobulus very enthusiastically   Josephus        c     cf  Belli     I e","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4253,"EventTxt":"The next day  the queen noticed Aristobulus  absence  but did not think that he plotted to take over the kingdom  When messenger after messenger came and brought the news of this citadel and then of that citadel being seized by her son  then both the queen and the whole country were in confusion  They feared lest if he should takeover the kingdom  he would call them to account for their hard usage of his close friends  It was therefore thought best to secure Aristobulus  wife and children in the citadel which was near the temple  In the meantime  there was a large crowd of men who defected to Aristobulus and hoped to get something by this revolution  He behaved like a king and gathered an army from Mount Libanus  Trachonitis and the neighbouring provinces   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4254,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Hyrcanus  the high priests  and the elders of the Jews addressed the queen  They desired her advise about this emergency  She told them to do whatever they thought best for the public interest and to use the present strength and treasure of the kingdom for that  She was in such a weak condition of mind and body that she could not help in the public administration  She died not long after this   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4255,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus  her oldest son  succeeded her in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad when Q  Hortensius and Q  Metellus  later surnamed Creticus  were consuls   Josephus Antiq        c      His mother in his lifetime had turned over the kingdom to him  However  Aristobulus exceeded him in strength and authority   Joseph     I e","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4256,"EventTxt":"When the consuls cast lots for their provinces  the managing of war against the Cretians fell to Hortensius  He was more interested in the city and the forum  in which he had the first place after Cicero and freely gave this expedition to Metellus   Xiphilin  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-70,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4644,"Dating":"3935a AM, 4644 JP, 70 BC"}
{"Index":4257,"EventTxt":"When the senate declared war on Crete  the wisest of the Cretians thought it best to send ambassadors to Rome to clear them of all the allegations  to pacify the senate with good words and secure their reconciliation  This was agreed to and they sent   of their most eminent men on this embassy to Rome  They hoped that they would obtain a new ratification of their former contract and be thanked for the favour they had showed to their quester and soldiers whom they had taken prisoners in the recent battle with M  Antionius  The ambassadors by privately visiting the senators at their houses  won them over to their side  When they were brought into the senate  they answered the charges against them and recalled the good services they had done and their alliance in war under the Roman general  It was resolved that the Cretians impeachments should be removed and that after this they would be allies of the Romans  However  Lentulus who was surnamed Spinther  had this decree reversed  Thereupon this particular business was debated several times by the senate  It was concluded that since the Cretians had sided with the pirate ships and had shared in the booty  they should send to Rome all their pirate ships even to boats of four tiers of oars  They should also return the ships which they had taken from the Romans  They were to return all prisoners  renegades and the   good hostages  Lasthenes  who had fought with Antonius and Panares  also demanded   talents of silver   Diod  Legat     Appian  Legat     Dio  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4258,"EventTxt":"The Romans did not wait for a reply from the Cretians who were at home  They soon sent one of the consuls to receive what was demanded and if they refused  to wage war with them  It was certain they would not comply  For was it imaginable that those  who  at the beginning  before any such things were exacted from them or before they had obtained a victory  would acknowledge any wrong committed by them  However  now after they had a victory  would they meekly submit to such haughty demands  The Romans knew full well what would be the result and suspected the delegates would be bribed to obstruct the wars  Hence they made a decree in the senate  prohibiting any person from lending the delegates anything   Dio  Legat     or","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4259,"EventTxt":"When the Cretians debated the commands of the senate  the most politically astute were of the opinion that every detail should be observed  Those of Lasthenes  faction were somewhat obnoxious and feared lest they should be sent to Rome and there be punished for what they had done  They stirred up the people and exhorted them earnestly to fight for their liberty   Diod  Sic  Legat","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4260,"EventTxt":"When Cotta had returned to Rome  he was highly honoured by the senate and honoured with the surname of Ponticus because he had taken Heraclea   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4261,"EventTxt":"Mithridates had lived in the parts of Armenia for   months and had not yet been admitted to see Tigranes  his son in law  At last overcome by his desire to present himself  he met him with a gallant train and received his father in law with princely magnificence  Nevertheless    days passed without any conference between them  Later by the sumptuousness of the entertainments  he gave sufficient signs of his affection toward him   Memnon  c      Then in the conference which was held very privately at court  they allayed the suspicion of Metrodorus Sceptius and other friends on both sides  So Mithridates was sent back again into Pontus with     cavalry   Memnon","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4262,"EventTxt":"Lucullus drew up a company of troops against the city in which he was told that Tigranes had secured his courtesans and most of his precious things   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4263,"EventTxt":"Tigranes hung a man as a trouble maker who brought the first news of Lucullus  coming with his army  After that no one brought him any news  At last when he found it to be true  he sent Mithrobarzanes against Lucullus  with    as Appian  or    as Plutarch has it  cavalry and a vast number of foot soldiers  He was ordered to take Lucullus alive and bring him to Tigranes to deter others from doing the same   Plutarch and Appian","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4264,"EventTxt":"Part of Lucullus  forces were camped and the remainder were on their march when the scouts brought news of the enemy s approach  Thereupon Lucullus feared lest the enemy should attack his men when they were not ready for battle  He halted the march and started to fortify his camp  He sent Sextilius  the delegate  with   cavalry and almost as many foot soldiers with orders to stop when he was come up to the enemy  He was not to move until he received word that the camp was thoroughly fortified  However  Mithrobarzanes came so quickly on him that he was forced to fight  Mithrobarzanes was killed in this battle and most of the rest fled and were killed in the pursuit   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4265,"EventTxt":"Tigranes left Tigranocerta and committed the custody of the city to Mancaeus  He went about the country to levy an army and retreated to Taurus  He made that place his headquarters   Plutarch cf  Appian   Lucullus followed him so closely that he could not assemble an army  For he sent Muraena to attack and take all troops he found marching to Tigranes  Sextilius was sent another way to attack a large band of Arabians and to prevent their coming to the king   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4266,"EventTxt":"Sextilius attacked the Arabians before they knew what happened as they were camped  He captured most of them  Muraena marched after Tigranes and overtook him with a very great force in an uneven and narrow dale  Muraena had some advantage by the terrain and he fought with Tigranes who left behind all his wagons and fled as fast as he could  Many Armenians died in the battle but far more were taken prisoners   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4267,"EventTxt":"Sextilius forced Mancaeus to retreat into Tigranocerta and started plundering the king s palace which was located outside the walls  He made a trench around the city and the castle to place the batteries and undermine the walls   Appian   At last Lucullus came to them  and closelt besiege to the city  He thought that Tigranes would not allow him to besiege the town but would come down in a rage to fight him   Plutarch  The barbarians hindered his actions greatly  They shot many arrows and they shot their naphtha or fire pitch from their engines  This naphtha was a type of a pitchy substance and was so scalding that it burnt all it stuck to  Water would barely quench it   Xiphilin  ex  Dione","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4268,"EventTxt":"Mithridates sent ambassadors with letters   as Plutarch states and not in person  and then met with Tigranes  as Appian has it  and warned him not to fight the Romans and to rove around the country with his cavalry  He was to lay it waste if possible and by this deprive the enemy of food  This was what Lucullus did to Mithridates not long ago at Cyzicum and made him lose an army without fighting a stroke","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4269,"EventTxt":"The Armenians and the Gordians joined with Tigranes  Every man of the Medes and Adiabans were brought by their kings  The Arabians also came in numbers from the Babylonian Sea  Many Albans came from the Caspian Sea along with the Iberians  their neighbours who were a free people who lived near Araxes   Plutarch   Some came for love of their king and others came because they were induced by gifts   Plutarch  Others came from fear   Cicero  in Oratione Maniliana   For the barbarians thought the Roman army came solely to ransack their countries and their wealthy temple  For this reason many countries including the larger ones went to fight against Lucullus","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4270,"EventTxt":"These forces came together  At Tigranes  eating tables and council rooms  they talked only of victory and how roughly they would handle the enemy when they had captured them  Taxiles  who was Mithridates  delegate and his assistant  was in danger of losing his head because in a council of war  only he was opposed to fighting with the Romans  He said that the Romans were unconquerable  Mithridates envied the glory of the victory Tigranes would have lest he did not wait until he came and not share with him the glory of the day   Plutarch   However Tigranes sent for Mithridates to come quickly to help him   Memnon  c          Tigranes ordered about   soldiers to go and defend the city where his courtesans were kept  These charged through the Roman brigades and got into the town  They found their return trip intercepted by a valley of archers and sent away the king s concubines and his treasures safely by night to Tigranes  At daybreak the Romans and the Thracians fought with those Armenians and killed many of them and took at least as many prisoners   Memnon  c       Appian  whose account is corrected from Memnon","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4272,"EventTxt":"Tigranes marched against Lucullus with the rest of his army  He was very troubled that he would now only fight with one of the Roman generals  Lucullus  and not with the whole army  Tigranes had in his army      archers and slingers      cavalry      heavily armed foot soldiers who were divided partly into regiments and partly into squadrons and     who were intended for barricading passes   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4273,"EventTxt":"As soon as Tigranes appeared with all his host at Taurus  he viewed from the top of a hill the Roman army which besieged Tigranocerta  The barbarians in the city welcomed the king s arrival with howlings and acclamation  They annoyed the Romans from the top of the walls and pointed to the Armenians on the hill   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4274,"EventTxt":"Lucullus left Muraena with   foot soldiers to continue the siege of Tigranocerta and marched himself against Tigranes having in his army   regiments of foot soldiers of about     men along with all his cavalry  slingers and archers who numbered about    He camped near a river in a large spacious field   Plutarch   No sooner had Tigranes seen the Roman camp but he presently mocked their small numbers and reproached them  saying  vv If these men came as ambassadors  there are a large number of them indeed  but if as enemies there is but   companies of them   Memnon  c     Plutarch  Appian    Xiphilin  ex  Dione","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4275,"EventTxt":"As Lucullus was wading with his army over the river  some of his commanders advised him to be careful what he did that day since it was a black or unlucky day on their calendar  For on that very day  the Cimbrians defeated the army under Cupidus  Lucullus replied  vv It behooves us therefore to fight more bravely now  if perchance this may make this dismal and black day  a day of happiness and rejoicing for the Romans","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4276,"EventTxt":"That day was the day before the nodes of October   Plutarch in Lucullo    Camillo   Apophthegmat   according to the Roman calendar at that time  However  according to the Julian calendar it was July  th and the the beginning of the  th year of the  th Olympiad  This is the time of this battle as referred to by Phlegon","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4277,"EventTxt":"Lucullus knew that his soldiers were afraid of the heavily armed foot soldiers and encouraged them  They would have more trouble in stripping them than in defeating them  He first charged them on the hill and when he saw the barbarians give ground he cried out  We have overcome them  fellow soldiers   Plutarch in Apothegm","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4278,"EventTxt":"No sooner was Tigranes  right wing forced to flee but the left also began to retreat  In the end  they all turned their backs and so the Armenians fled in confusion and haste  The army was slaughtered   Memnon  c      The Romans continued the killing for   miles and trampled all along the way on bracelets and chains until night came  They were forced to give up the chase and they started stripping the dead bodies  Lucullus had ordered them not to do this until the enemy was soundly defeated   Appian","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4279,"EventTxt":"Phlegon says Tigranes  forces lost   men and more were taken prisoners  Orosius said        c      that     men were reported killed in that battle  Plutarch said that more than     foot soldiers were killed and very few of the cavalry escaped  The Roman army had   killed and   wounded  Antiochus the philosopher  in his commentary  De Dias  in mentioning this battle says there was never a day like it  Strabo     histor   relates how that the Romans themselves were ashamed of what they had done and jeered themselves for fighting against such cowardly slaves  Livy said that the Romans never in all their history were so outnumbered as   to     Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4280,"EventTxt":"If we say with Eutropius  Sextus Rufus and Jornandes that Lucullus had     men in his army  then that number multiplied by    would make     in Tigranes  army  not     as Plutarch stated but     foot soldiers according to Appian  He would have not     cavalry as Appian stated but     as noted by Plutarch  To this host  Plutarch adds     archers and     pages  The total would be      If this is correct then neither Phlegon s nor Memnon s account are accurate and are far too low  The one assigned to Tigranes  army     foot soldiers and     cavalry  The other allowed him a total of     foot soldiers and cavalry together  As their accounts are underrated so Eutropius is as much overrated  The Clibanarii were cavalry in armour of proof  as they are described by Salust      histor      cited by Nonius in Voc  Cataphracti   Plutarch intimates that Lucullus himself wrote to the senate that Tigranes had in his army only     of those Clibanarii  So there is no doubt that Eutropius was extremely mistaken in stating that total was      In Sextus Rufus  Breviary said there were not more than   of those Clibanarii but     or     archers","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4281,"EventTxt":"At the very start of the battle  Tigranes fled from the field and ran as fast as he could to one of his citadels with barely   cavalry with him  He found his son as depressed as he was and he took off the diadem and turban from his head and turned his men over to his son  He urged him tearfully to shift for himself if he could devise any possible means which had been tried  The young prince dared not carry those royal ensigns with him but committed them to a most trusted friend to keep for him  It was his friend s misfortune to be taken prisoner soon after this and brought to Lucullus  The soldiers took the turban and the diadem and gave them to Lucullus   Memnon  c       Plutarch cf  Oros        c     and Xiphilin  in Epitome Dionis   Lucullus marched back to Tigranocerta and continued the siege with more zeal than before   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4282,"EventTxt":"Mithridates did not hurry to the battle for he thought that Lucullus would manage this war with the same caution and delay as he did before  Based on this when he was sent for by Tigranes  he was not very fast in coming  Soon after  he came upon by chance in the way some Armenians  They were terrified and ready to fall down for fear  Mithridates suspected everything was not well with Tigranes  side  Soon after this  he met with other companies of stripped and wounded and was told of the great defeat  Mithridates hurried as fast as he could to find Tigranes  When he found him desolate and depressed  he did not gloat over his misfortune  He dismounted his horse  and after mutually bemoaning each other s sad misfortune  Mithridates turned over to him his own princely retinue who attended him and encouraged him for the future   Plutarch   After he cheered him up a bit  he gave him royal robes as rich as anything he had ever worn  He made also some proposals concerning levying new forces  Since Mithridates already had a considerable army  he said there would be another battle to reverse this misfortune  Tigranes ascribed more prowess and discretion to Mithridates and thought he would be better to deal with the Romans than himself  Therefore Tigranes put Mithridates in charge of the war effort   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4283,"EventTxt":"Mancaeus saw from the walls of Tigranocerta the sad view of his defeated friends  He started to disarm all the Greek mercenaries because he suspected they would not remain loyal  They feared lest they should be laid hold on and took precautions and drew themselves up into a body and so remained together day and night  When they saw Mancaeus marching against them with his armed barbarians  they wrapped their clothes about their arms for bucklers and bravely charged them  Now that they had enough weapons  they seized some forts on the walls and they called in the Romans that besieged them and received them into the town   Appian   Plutarch  Dio        related that most of the inhabitants were Cilicians  When they had a disagreement with the Armenians  they let the Romans into the town by night who plundered everything except what the Cilicians owned  However  Memnon stated that when Mithridates or rather Tigranes  commanders saw how desperate things went on their side  they conditionally surrendered the town to Lucullus   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4284,"EventTxt":"After Lucullus had captured Tigranocerta and taken the king s treasures which were there  he let his soldiers plunder the city  In addition to what else they found  they found   talents of coined money  Moreover Lucullus gave from the spoil   drachmas to every soldier  He found many players which Tigranes had brought there from all over  Tigranes was about to dedicate the theatre he had built  Lucullus used them for his interludes and triumphs   Plutarch  He preserved many wives of the chief officers from harm who were taken  By that means he won their husbands to his side   Dio         He outfitted the Greeks for their journey back into their country  He allowed the Cappadocians  Cilicians and other barbarians who were forced there  to also return home  So it happened  that by the ruin of one city  for the works was only half finished and Lucullus had demolished them and left only a small village  many cities received back their former citizens and hence many cities were restored  These cities esteemed him later as their founder   Plut  with Strabone  at end       p             p","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4285,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors came there from almost all the east begging his friendship   Oros        c      The countries of the Sophenians allied themselves to him  Antiochus  the king of the Commagens  which is a country of Syria located by the river Euphrates and Taurus  also came  Alchaudonius  a petty prince of Arabia and some others sued for peace through their ambassadors and Lucullus received them  He added a large part of Armenia to Rome   Plutarch    Dio","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4286,"EventTxt":"C  Metellus went with   legions to the Cretian war and defeated Lasthenes near the city of Cydonia  He was called emperor and destroyed the whole island with fire and the sword  He forced the Cretians into their citadels and cities  Floras       c     Phlegon year    Olymp     with Photium  Appian legat      and refused to make peace with them","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4287,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra the daughter of Ptolemy was born at Auletta  She was the last queen of Egypt of the Macedonian family and lived   years   Plutarch in Antonia   Tigranes and Mithridates went around various countries and raised another army which was placed under the command of Mithridates   Plutarch   Appian","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4288,"EventTxt":"Magadates  who managed the army in Syria for   years for Tigranes  brought it to the help of his king  By this act Antiochus Asiaticus  the son of Antiochus Pius and Silena  obtained the kingdom of Syria with the help of the Syrians  He was surnamed Asiaticus because he was educated there  Lucullus  who had recently defeated Tigranes  did not interfere with his actions in Syria   Appian in Syriac  p              However  Strabo       fin   wrote that Lucullus drove out Tigranes  from Syria and Phoenicia and after he defeated Tigranes  Antiochus  the son of Cyzicenus   or rather his grandchild by his son  was called king of Syria until Pompey took that away from him which Lucullus had given to him  Justin        c      stated that   years elapsed between the time he received it and the time it was taken away by Pompey","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4289,"EventTxt":"Tigranes and Mithridates sent ambassadors begging aid from their neighbours and of Arsaces the Parthian King  They condemned the Romans and suggested that when they were destitute and forsaken by others  the Romans had conquered them  After that they would attack him   Dio","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4290,"EventTxt":"Arsaces was called this because it was the common name of the kings of Parthia  His proper name was Pacorus from Xiphilinus but he was called Phradates from Memnon  Phlegon Trallian  in Photii Bibliotheca cod      stated that in the year before which was in the  rd year of the  th Olympiad that Phraates succeeded Sinatrucus  the deceased king of the Parthians  However Dio stated Phraates succeeded Arsacus  Appian said he succeeded Sintricus  which we shall see was correct  Arsaces had ruled the empire for   years before the  rd war of Mithridates started  These words are mentioned in a letter he wrote to the same man  of which we shall say more later  to prove this  vv You are far removed and all others are obnoxious  so I again renewed the war","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4291,"EventTxt":"From this we conclude that his proper name was either Sintricus or Sinatrux","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4292,"EventTxt":"This Arsaces was offended with Tigranes for starting a new war about a certain country that was in dispute between them  Tigranes gave this country back to him again  Moreover the Parthian also wanted to have the great valleys of Mesopotamia and Adiabene given to him as the reward for his alliance  However  when Lucullus knew of the embassy that Tigranes and Mithridates had sent to Arsaces  he also sent some ambassadors  They threatened Arsaces if he assisted Tigranes and made promises to him if he would side with the Romans  Lucullus  ambassadors urged him to either help the Romans or remain neutral  Arsaces secretly promised friendship to both sides and performed it to neither   Memnon c     Plutarch    Appian   Dio","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4293,"EventTxt":"Among the remains of the  th book of Salust s History  there is an entire letter of Mithridates that was sent to Arsaces about this very affair  In it he seemed to turn the indignation Arsaces had against Tigranes for waging the recent war to his own advantage  He said  vv For being guilty you shall receive what alliance you please","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4294,"EventTxt":"He excuses the great victory the Romans had against him by saying  vv They forced the multitude into such narrow places that they attributed their victory to their own strength which indeed was but his imprudence","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4295,"EventTxt":"Later Mithridates stirred up Arsaces against the Romans by saying  You to whom Seleucia is the greatest city  the kingdom of Persia and very great riches do belong  what can you look for but deceit for the present and war for the time to come  The Romans have war everywhere  but it is most violent where the victory of their adversaries affords the richest spoil  They invade and they beguile  One war leads to the occasion for another  By those means  being made great  they either thwart the designs or destroy those that fight with them  This is not difficult if you in Mesopotamia and surround in Armenia their armies while they are without food and relief   c  You shall bravely have the reputation to have assisted great kings and to have suppressed great robbers  Which I do desire and exhort you to do  unless you had rather by our ruin enlarge one empire than by our friendship become a conqueror yourself","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4296,"EventTxt":"As soon as the unwelcome news of what M  Cotta had done at Heraclea arrived at Rome  he was a public disgrace and his great riches increased their envy  To avoid this he brought back most of the spoils to the treasury  However  the Romans were just as suspicious in that they suspected he restored just a few things from that great abundance he had taken  They also learned that the prisoners at Heraclea were suddenly to be freed by a public decree   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4297,"EventTxt":"Moreover  Thrasymedes from Heraclea publicly accused Cotta before an assembly and praised the benevolence of his city to the Romans  He showed that if they had anyway transgressed  it was not done by the consent of the city but by the fraud of their magistrates and the power of their adversaries  He cried as he told them about the burning of the city and tearfully told them how Cotta had plundered all for his private gain  There came also a large number of men and women captives with their children  They came clothed in mourning clothes and kneeled down and with many tears held up their hands  The Roman nobles were inclined to sympathise with their case when Cotta came  After he had pleaded a little in his own language  he returned  Carbo arose and said  We O Cotta gave you commission to take  not to destroy the city","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4298,"EventTxt":"After him others arose and made similar statements and expressed their indignation against him  Therefore  many thought he should be banished  In the end  they only took away his dignity  They restored their lands  sea and harbours to the Heracleans on the condition that none of them should be made slaves   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4299,"EventTxt":"After this was over  Thrasymedes sent back the people to their country but he stayed with Brithagora and Propylo the son of Brithagora for some years at Rome  They did those things required to represent their country   Memnon c","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4300,"EventTxt":"Lucullus was condemned by strangers and by his own citizens in that he would not pursue Tigranes but allowed him time to escape when he might easily have subdued him  They thought he wanted to prolong his own command  Therefore the government of Asia  properly so called  which was committed to him before  was assigned to the praetors   Dio","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4301,"EventTxt":"Lucullus went to the Gordyens and attended the funeral of their king Zarbienus whom Tigranes had killed  Zarbienus had secretly entered into a league with Lucullus  Lucullus lit the fire to the pile of wood that was decorated with royal robes  gold and the spoils had been taken from Tigranes  At the funeral with his friends and kindred  Lucullus declared him his friend and a confederate of the Romans  He commanded a beautiful monument to be paid for from the king s treasury and dedicated to him  By this the Gordyens were so devoted to Lucullus  they would have left their houses and have followed him with their wives and children   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4302,"EventTxt":"In the courts of Zarbienus  they found much silver and gold  In his granaries  there was stored   million medimni  or   million bushels of grain  The soldiers were supplied by this and it was a great honour for Lucullus that he had taken nothing from the treasury  but financed the war from the spoils of the war   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4303,"EventTxt":"Lucullus welcomed ambassadors from Arsaces  the king of the Parthians and they desired his friendship and alliance  He sent Sicilius or Sextilius to Arsaces  However  Arsaces suspected from his expertise in military matters that he was sent to spy out the military strength of the land than to confirm the treaty  He did not give any help to the Romans but remained neutral in the war   Plutarch with Dione","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3935,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3935b AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4304,"EventTxt":"When Lucullus had learned that Arsaces was wavering in his loyalty and that he desired secretly from Tigranes  Mesopotamia for a reward for his friendship  Lucullus decided to treat Tigranes and Mithridates as defeated enemies  He hurried to march against the Parthians to try their valour and strength  He sent therefore into Pontus to Sernatius his ambassador there and to several others that they would bring the forces they had there to him as if he had been ready to advance from the country of the Gordyens against the Parthians  However  their soldiers were obstinate and could not be persuaded  They said that if they were left there without help  they would depart to Pontus  Lucullus  soldiers were corrupted by this news  They saw their riches and luxury and desired ease and hated the severity of war  However  as soon as they understood the fury of the Pontics  they said those were fit to be imitated and esteemed  They said they had already merited their rest and discharge by their many achievements  Hence Lucullus was forced to forgo his expedition into Parthia   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-69,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4645,"Dating":"3936a AM, 4645 JP, 69 BC"}
{"Index":4305,"EventTxt":"Furthermore the island of Delos which is located in the Aegean Sea  was a main centre for merchants  The island was full of riches yet it is small and without a wall yet it was secure and feared nothing   According to Cicero in his Oration  pro lege Manilia  The pirate  Athenodorus  captured it and carried the inhabitants captive and destroyed the images of their gods  However  Caius Triarius repaired the ruins and built a wall around it   Trallianus Phlegon       Chronicles   in the  th year of the  th Olympiad   In Bibliotheca  Phocii  cod","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4306,"EventTxt":"Mithridates levied troops from every town and called a muster and determined that the entire force was almost all Armenians  From this he selected     foot soldiers and half as many cavalry and sent the rest home  He had arranged them into companies and troops according to the Italian discipline and he had the Pontics train them   Appian","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4307,"EventTxt":"In that year when Q  Marcius held the office of consul alone  Lucullus could not attack Tigranes until the middle of summer because it was too cold before that  After he had passed the Taurus Mountain and saw the green fields  he was astonished that the season was so late there because of the cold  Nevertheless  he came down into the plains  and after being attacked by the Armenians in   or   battles  he routed and dispersed them   Plutarch  with Dione         While Mithridates remained on a hill with the foot soldiers and part of the cavalry  Tigranes with the rest attacked the Roman foragers and he was defeated  After this the Romans got their provisions with more security  They moved their camp nearer to Mithridates  Appian   and intercepted the supplies for Tigranes  They caused great hardship on the enemy because of lack of provisions   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4308,"EventTxt":"Lucullus destroyed one part of the country and thought that the barbarians would be goaded into fighting for it  When he found that they would not  he marched out against them and his cavalry was distressed by the enemy cavalry  There was no conflict with the foot soldiers  Lucullus came in with his shields to their relief and scattered the enemy  The enemy was not greatly harmed by the encounter but shot their arrows back toward those that pursued them  Many were killed and wounded  The wounds were very serious and hard to be cured for the arrows had a double point  They were so placed that they were lethal whether they were pulled out or left in   Dio","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4309,"EventTxt":"In Crete  Lasthenes the governor of Cydonia was besieged by C  Metellus the proconsul  Lasthenes had fled from there to Gnosus and Panares  another governor of the city  made peace and surrendered the city to Metellus  Metellus later besieged Gnosus and Lasthenes put all his wealth into a house and burned it and fled from Gnosus   Appian  Legat      Gnosus  Lyctus and Erithraea along with many other cities were taken by Metellus   Livy        Floras        c     Appian Legat      The Cretians were besieged by Metellus for a long time and brought to great extremity  They were constrained to quench their thirst with their own urine and their cattle s urine   Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4310,"EventTxt":"Lucullus brought his army against Artaxata  Tigranes  court  where his wife and children were  Tigranes could not stand for that and raised his camp  and after four days march came and camped by the Romans  The Arsamia River was between them which the Romans had to cross to attach Artaxata   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4311,"EventTxt":"After Lucullus had performed his sacrifice to his gods  he drew out his army  as if he had been certain of victory  He placed   cohorts in the front  he held the rest for reserves lest they might be surrounded by the enemy  The enemy had a large number of cavalry  Before the cavalry were the Mardian and Iberian lancers that used arrows also an horseback  Tigranes trusted these the most as the most valiant among his strangers  However  they did nothing remarkable and only skirmished for a while with the Romans  They were not able to endure the force of the legions and they ran away and had the cavalry follow them   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4312,"EventTxt":"As soon as they were dispersed and Lucullus saw Tigranes  cavalry advance  he kept his soldiers back from chasing the fleeing troops  He suspected Tigranes had a large number of well trained cavalry  In the meantime with those nobles and officers he had around him  Lucullus marched up against them that came towards him  The enemy was terrified and fled before they started to charge  Of the   kings  that were then in the field  Mithridates  the king of Pontus  ran away most shamefully and did not so much as endure the shout of the Romans  The Romans pursued them all night and were weary of killing and taking prisoners and were tired with taking and carrying away their money and spoil  Livy reports  that in the former battle  there were more  but in this the best soldiers and a large part of the enemy were taken or slain   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4313,"EventTxt":"The pirates were at this time so powerful that they covered the whole sea  They intercepted provisions intended for the fleet and would land and destroy provinces and islands  The Romans  who had conquered the whole world  did not control the seas   Plutarch in Pompey  Appian  in Mithri  Dio       Eutrop        Oros        c      The next year  Cicero in his speech for the Manilian law reminded them of this  vv What confederate have you defended  Who was protected by your ships  How many islands do you think are deserted  How many cities are either forsaken for fear or taken by pirates from your friends  It was the ancient custom of the Romans to wage war far from home and rather use their forces in the defence of their friend s fortunes than of their own  Shall I say for these many years your sons have been a help to your friends and though our army was at Brundusius  they dare not plant but in the midst of winter  Why should I complain when they were taken that came to us from abroad when the very ambassadors of the people of Rome are redeemed  Shall I say the sea is not safe for our merchants when   of our guard  there were two praetors Sexilius and Bellino taken  according to Plutarch  fell into the hands of the pirates  Why should I remind you of Colophon and Samos  the two noble cities or of many more that have been taken when you know your own harbours and those very parts you inhabit yourselves have been taken by those enemies  Where was this government  when the Roman ambassadors  praetors and questers were intercepted  when public and private commerce from old provinces was forbidden us  when the merchanise was so confined that we could have no trading either in private or in public","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4314,"EventTxt":"He expressed this  as all other things most elegantly","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4315,"EventTxt":"The common base of these pirates was Cilicia which was called the rough and was the main base for their activities  They had in every place citadels  towers and deserted islands and secret creeks for their ships  More especially they that came from this part of Cilicia which was called the rough  It had no harbours and had very high rocks rising from the shore  From this  by all people they were called by the common name of Cilicians  This evil which started in Cilicia  attracted the Cyrians  Cyprians  Pamphilians  Pontics and all the eastern countries together  Because of Mithridates  war  they were more inclined to do mischief then to endure it  They exchanged the land for the sea  so that in a short time there became many thousands of them   Appian p","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4316,"EventTxt":"They had more than   places and   cities that they had taken  They pillaged the temples at Clarius  Didaemaeus and Samothrace that were sacred and untouched before  They plundered that which was dedicated to Tellus at Hermion  to Aesculapious at Epidaurus  to Neptune in Isthmus  Taenarus and Calauria  Apollo in Actium and Leucade  Juno in Samos Argin and Lucanium  They performed some rites of strangers in Olympus and some secret mysteries of those who worshipped the sun  They went out of their way to insult Romans  If any of their prisoners called himself a Roman  they presently feigned fear and knocked their knees together and falling down at his feet and humbly implored his pardon  While he imagined them real and sincere  some of them furnished him with shoes  others with garments lest he should be otherwise any longer unknown  When they had mocked and deluded the man for a long time  they put down a ladder into the sea and they bade him go down in safety  If he refused  they threw him down headlong and drowned him   Plutarch in Pompey","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3936,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3936b AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4317,"EventTxt":"About the autumnal equinox severe storms unexpectedly struck Lucullus  army  It snowed for the most part and froze when it was clear  The ice was troublesome for the frozen rivers gave them little water for the horses  If they broke the ice  the pieces hurt their legs and made it difficult to cross  The country was forested and they were daily covered with the fall of snow from the trees and constrained to rest inconveniently in the wet  Therefore  they petitioned Lucullus through their tribunes and later there was a riot in the night  Lucullus begged them earnestly but in vain and beseeched them that they not give up until they had destroyed the greatest work of their enemy the Armenians  since Carthage was taken  It was reported  See note on  c AM    that Artaxata was built by the advice of Hannibal  the Carthaginian  He failed and was forced to retreat   Plutarch in Lucullo   Concerning this retreat of the Roman army  Cicero tried to excuse in his speech for the Manilian law in this way  Although our army had taken a city in Tigranes  kingdom called Tigranacerta and had fought several successful battles  yet were they discouraged by the tediousness of their march  I will not say any more here  The result was it was complained  our soldiers  return from those places was more sudden than their march was long","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4318,"EventTxt":"Lucullus returned through Armenia to Mesopotamia and past Taurus in another place  He descended into the country of Migdonia which was a very warm and fruitful country  It contained a large and populous city called by the barbarians  Nisibis  by the Greeks  Antioch Migdonica   Plutarch in Lucullo with Orosio       c","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4319,"EventTxt":"The city was built by the Macedonians  Joseph        c      but Tigranes had taken that and all Mesopotamia from the Parthians  He had placed his treasure and many other valuable things there  It was surrounded with a double brick wall of large thickness and a ditch so deep and broad that the wall could neither be shaken nor undermined   Dio         Guras  Tigranes  brother  was commander in chief and under him was Callimachus  He had performed noble exploits at Amisus was respected as a person of great knowledge in fortifications and of much experience in war   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4320,"EventTxt":"Lucullus besieged the city with all manner of engines   Plutarch   In the beginning of the winter the barbarians thought themselves certain of victory and began to be careless  The Romans had already departed  Lucullus returned one night when the moon was not out and a fierce thunder storm was going on  The barbarians could neither see nor hear what was happening  For that reason they left only a few there and had almost deserted the outer wall and the ditch between the walls  Lucullus by his works  easily scaled over the wall and killed without much trouble those few sentinels he found  He filled up part of the ditch with earth that he threw in for they had before this thrown down their bridges  When the enemy could not harm them with their arrows nor fire because of the rain  he captured the ditch and immediately captured the city  Their inner walls were not made so strongly because they placed most of their confidence in the outer wall   Dio","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4321,"EventTxt":"Those that fled into the castle  he received upon terms   Dio   Guras the brother of Tigranes surrendered and was treated civilly  Lucullus put Callimarchus in chains to be punished even though he promised to show him where large sums of money were hidden  Callimarchus had burnt Amisus and robbed Lucullus of his glory and ruined that thing which should have been his gift to the Greeks   Plutarch   Much money was later found and Lucullus wintered at Nisibis   Dio","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4322,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  those who had influence in the assembly and envied Lucullus  charged that he had prolonged the war from covetousness and desire of command  One said Cilicia  Asia  Bithynia  Paphlagonia  Galatia  Pontus  Armenia and all the provinces as far as Phasis  were already conquered  Now Lucullus was only foraging in Tigranes  countries as if he had been sent to plunder princes rather than to vanquish them  It is reported that Lucius Quintius one of the praetors spoke this and persuaded the people of Rome to order another commander to replace him and disband many of those soldiers that had served faithfully under him   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4323,"EventTxt":"In Lucullus  camp  P  Clodius was a man of great insolence and dissoluteness and greatly disturbed the camp  He was brother to Lucullus  wife  with whom  she was a lascivious woman  he was said to be intimate  Lucullus removed him from his command because he degenerated so much by his behaviour  Clodius stirred up the Fimbrians   or Valerians  against him  By this we mean those that he had brought from Fimbria who killed L  Val  Flaccus  the consul and wanted to command them  When these men were seduced by Clodius  they would not follow Lucullus against Tigranes or Mithridates  Since it was winter  they extended the time at Gordyene and expected another commander to come and replace Lucullus   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4324,"EventTxt":"When Lucullus was besieging Nisibis  Tigranes thought the city was invincible and did not go to its relief  He sent Mithridates into his own country while he marched into Armenia  For a while he besieged Lucius Fannius  until Lucullus heard of this and marched to his rescue   Dio","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4325,"EventTxt":"Mithridates marched into Pontus which was the only kingdom that he had left  He had  f his men and   from Tigranes   Appian   He invaded one of the Armenian s and other countries and suddenly attacked many straggling Romans and killed them  He fought fairly and defeated and recovered many places quickly  The men were inclined to him because he was born in that country and his father had ruled there before  They did not like the Romans because they were strangers and some of their governors were tyrants  Hence they came freely to Mithridates   Dio   Concerning this Cicero in his speech for the Manilian law said  Mithridates had now gotten his own soldiers and those who had joined themselves to him from his kingdom along with large numbers from foreign countries and kings  He was reenforced in this by what we have heard indeed does frequently happen  that a prince s calamities do easily generate compassion from most men  This is especially true if they be either king s themselves or live under his government because the name of a king is very reverend and sacred  By this he has done more by being defeated than if he had been victorious in all that he did","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4326,"EventTxt":"Mithridates defeated M  Fabius whom Lucullus had left as governor of those parts  He was helped by the Thracians  who were angry with Fabius although they had been paid by him previously  The slaves in the Roman camp also helped defeat the Romans   Dio  cum Appian","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4327,"EventTxt":"Fabius had sent out some of the Thracian scouts and they returned with imprecise information  Fabius advanced without due care and was suddenly attacked by Mithridates  At that time the Thracians revolted and attacked the Romans  They were routed and   were killed  After that  Fabius feared all the slaves that were in his camp  when Mithridates promised liberty to the slaves  They also defected to his side and would have doubtlessly killed all the troops of Fabius had not Mithridates been hurt with a stone in the knee  Because of that he was hit under his eye with an arrow and he was suddenly carried off the field  While the barbarians were taking care of their king  Fabius used the opportunity to safely retreat with the rest of his men  The Agari were a people of Scythia who were well skilled in medicines made from the poison of serpents and for that reason they were always near the king  They had the care of the king   lid  inter se callati","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4328,"EventTxt":"After this Fabius was besieged in Cabiris and was relieved by C  Triarius as he was marching that way from Asia to Lucullus  He knew of Mithridates  success and he assembled as many troops as he could and terrified Mithridates so much that he moved his camp  Mithridates imagined that he had the entire Roman army with him  This encouraged Triarius and he pursued them into the country of the Comagenus   or rather Comans  in Cappadocia  which Dio says more on later   He fought and defeated them  Mithridates had camped on one side of a river and the Romans came down on the other  Mithridates hoped he might find them weary after their march and he immediately advanced and ordered the rest to attack over another bridge while they were fighting  They had fought a long time and the battle was indecisive  The bridge collapsed because so many men had crossed over it and this prevented Mithridates  troops from helping him  Hence Mithridates was defeated  Since it was now winter  both sides established their winter quarters after this battle   Dio  c","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4329,"EventTxt":"Aulus Gabinius  a tribune  prevailed with the people that a commander might be chosen from those who had been consuls  He would have full and absolute power against the pirates and his command would last for   years  He would be furnished with very large forces and many delegates  It is not certain whether Pompey put him up to this  even though he did not ask for Pompey  or this was his own idea to ingratiate himself to Pompey  Gabinus was a very wicked man and whatever he did was not for the benefit of the republic   Dio         Cicero in his speech about him after his return to the senate said  vv Who  had he not been protected by his being a tribune he could neither have avoided the power of the praetor  the number of his creditors  nor the proscription of his goods  At that time  had he not got that order concerning the war with the pirates  necessity and wickedness would have constrained him to become a pirate himself  This would have been less dangerous and detrimental to the commonwealth since their adversary would have been from without not within","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4330,"EventTxt":"The senate confirmed this order of the people although against their will   Dio        Velleius Paterculus         c      related that like in a war and not as like common thieves the pirates had frightened the whole world with their ships  This was not by any sudden or secret expedition of theirs  Moreover they destroyed some cities in Italy  Cnaeus Pompey was sent to suppress them and had an equal authority with the proconsuls within   miles of the sea  By this decree of the senate  the government of the whole world was placed on one man  However  the same thing was decreed   years earlier in the praetorship of M  Antonius  as Velleius states  However  it seems to me that it should rather be   years earlier than   since it appears that M  Antonius died   years before in the Cretian war and that Marcus Antonius died in the Cretian war   years earlier and that the great care of all the sea coasts within the Roman empire  was committed to him in the consulship of Lucullus and Cotta  Asconius Pedianus  in his speech of Verres  praetorship in Sicily has stated this   See note on   AM   and   AM","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4331,"EventTxt":"By this Gabinian law  for   years Pompey had the command of the navy and  as Plutarch says  over all men in the provinces within   furlongs    miles  of the sea in all the Mediterranean  Around it  he had the power to command all kings  governors and cities to help him  Appian  p      said it was   miles while Velleius and Plutarch said it was   furlongs  allowing   furlongs to a mile  Xiphilinus  Dion        says it was   furlongs and from  Dion        said it was   days  journey from the sea  They considered a day s journey to be   furlongs or about   miles","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4332,"EventTxt":"By the same law  Pompey had the power to choose   deputies from the senate  He would assign these the charge of various provinces  He might take also from the treasury as much money as he needed  He could take   ships and levy what forces he pleased  He called an assembly of the people and he prevailed with them for much more and doubled his preparation  He outfitted   ships although Appian said he had only   including the smaller vessels  He raised     foot soldiers and   cavalry    according to Appian   He chose from the senate    captains for the troops    according to Appian  and made them officers under him  He had two quaesters given to him and   Attic talents  The job seemed so considerable to pursue so many navies in so large a sea  There were many hiding places where they could escape to if attacked and launch an attack suddenly from later   Appian","YearBCAD":-68,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4646,"Dating":"3937a AM, 4646 JP, 68 BC"}
{"Index":4333,"EventTxt":"Pompey was very well supplied with his own ships and his confederates from Rhodes  He controlled both sides of the sea with his commanders and through them he boxed up the pirates in every port  bay  creek  recess  promontory or island   Floras        c      He gave ships  cavalry and foot soldiers along with the praetorian standards to those officers he had chosen from the senate when he had settled matters at sea  Everyone of them had absolute authority in that place where they were assigned to  Those pirates that were taken by one party were turned over to others lest any should have too long a pursuit or by sailing too far away  they might prolong the war   Appian","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4334,"EventTxt":"The Gaditane Straits were given to Tiberius Nero  the Balearic sea  to Manlius Torquatus  to both of them was committed the care of Spain  Cratilius blocked up the Ligurian Sea  M  Pomponius  the French  and the sons of Pompey   the emperor  the Adriatic  Sardinia  Corsica  The adjacent islands were controlled by Publ  Attilius  the Libyan area by Lentulus  The Egyptian area was controlled by Marcellius and Lu  Gelliuis had the command of the Tuscan Sea and the coasts of Italy  C  Lentulus controlled all between Sicily and Epirus  The Ionian Sea was assigned to Plothus Varo and Terentius Varo  He was the most learned of the Togati of whom Pliny said        c              c             c      that he was presented with a naval crown by Pompey for his efforts in this war  L  Cinna had the oversight of Peloponnesus  Attica  Eubaea  Thessaly  Macedonia  and Boeotia  L  Cullius was given all the Aegean Sea and the Hellespont  although Floras assigned the Asiatic to Caepio  Metellus Nepos was given Lycia  Pamphylia  Cyprus and Phoenicia  P  Piso was assigned Bithynia  Thracia and Porcius  Cato besieged the straits so tightly with his ships that he blocked up the Propontis as if it had been a gate   Floras        c       Appian  p      Pompey  like a king of kings  overlooked all and required everybody to stay in their areas lest while he found the pirates defeated in one place  he would be attacked from another area  He ordered that while all were ready to relieve one another  they should not allow the enemy to escape by sailing around   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4335,"EventTxt":"When his forces were dispersed in this manner through the whole sea  Pompey began from the lower part and surrounded the enemies  navy and dragged them as with a net into their harbours  Those who escaped  fled into Cilicia to hide themselves like bees to a hive   Plutarch in Pompey   In   days  he with his officers had cleared the Tuscan  African Sardoan  Corsican and Sicilian seas  He returned to Rome and he did what he wished   Plutarch in Pompey   Livy        Appian  p","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4336,"EventTxt":"Pompey sailed from Brundusium with   very good ships to start the war in Cilicia  The enemy prepared to fight him not because they thought they could beat him but they were very oppressed and had little to loose  They only attacked once and then found themselves surrounded  They threw away their arms and oars and with a general shout as a sign of their submission  they begged their lives   Floras        c       Plutarch   Appian   Cicero affirmed this in his Manilian speech that in     days after  he sailed from Brundusium  he had brought all Sicily in subjection to the Romans  This story of the recovering all Cilicia in so short a time should be considered as a rhetorical device to praise Pompey   See note on   AM","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4337,"EventTxt":"After news came that Mithridates had defeated Fabius and was marching against Sornatius and Triarius  the Fimbrian  or Valerian   the soldiers were ashamed and followed Lucullus when he went to their relief  Mithridates in the meantime when Manius Acilius Glabro and Cai  Piso were consuls  camped opposite Triarius near Gaziursa  He tried to provoke him to fight by training and exercising his men in the sight of the Romans to engage him before Lucullus came  He hoped to defeat the Romans and recover the remainder of the kingdom  Mithridates was not able to draw him out so he sent some of his men to Dadasa to besiege a citadel which the Romans had left behind them  He hoped that the Romans would come to its relief so he could attack them  Triarius was not fooled for he feared the number of troops Mithridates had and expected that Lucullus whom he had sent for  would come soon  Hence he stayed in his camp  When his soldiers heard that Dadasa was besieged  they were afraid of losing the goods they had there  In a rebellious manner they threatened that unless he would lead them out  they would go to defend them without his permission  By this he marched out against his will   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4338,"EventTxt":"When Triarius had come out against Mithridates  there was a violent storm that was worse than anyone could remember  It blew over the tents in either camp  drove the cattle from the way and knocked down some of the soldiers from the hills  This storm made both sides retire  When it was told Triarius that Lucullus was near  he attacked Mithridates  camp before day as if he desired to snatch the victory from Lucullus  After they had fought long with equal fortune and courage  the king trusted his own wing and at length prevailed and pressed upon the enemy  He forced their foot soldiers into a dirty ditch where they were cut down because they had poor footing  Mithridates lost only a few men  After his victory  he courageously pursued their cavalry through the fields  until a Roman centurion  running like a servant by his side as fast as his horse  gave him a deep wound in his thigh  The centurion could not kill him because of his breastplate and was quickly killed by Mithridates  troops  Mithridates was carried into the farthest part of the army   Appian    Plut    Dione","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4339,"EventTxt":"After this  the king s friends sounded a retreat and called back the soldiers from this notable victory  This was unexpected and made fearful lest some bad had happened somewhere else  They gathered tumultuously around the body of their king  Finally Timothy the physician stopped the bleeding and held him up on high in their sight  Except for this accident  the Romans would have been utterly destroyed but escaped by this delay  When Mithridates came his senses  he reproved them that sounded the retreat  The same day Mithridates broke camp and marched against the Romans  The Romans were very afraid and utterly deserted  More than     soldiers were killed in this fight  including   centurions and   tribunes  In no other battle before this  were so many officers lost   Appian    Plut    Dione   Appian says this encounter happened near the Scotius Mountain  vv a famous place in those parts by reason of Mithridates  victory  Triarius  defeat and the loss of the Roman army   Appian p","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4340,"EventTxt":"Hirtius states in his commentaries of the war in Alexandria that this was about   miles from Zela  a town in Pontus","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4341,"EventTxt":"This is the defeat which Cicero in his speech for the Manilian law a year and an half later remembers  vv Your army was resolute and victorious but Mithridates attacked them  Allow me in this place  like those who write of the Roman affairs  to skip over our misfortunes which were so great that the news did not come to Lucullus by a messenger from the battle but by rumour","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4342,"EventTxt":"Later he said  vv After we were defeated in Pontus concerning which a little before I reminded you of against my will  our friends and confederates were afraid and the wealth and courage of the enemies increased  The province had no garrison or troops to trust to and Asia would have been lost  O Romans  had not fortune in the nick of time brought Pompey as it were from heaven to the relief of those countries  His arrival stopped Mithridates though swelled with his success and held back Tigranes who with great strength was threatening Asia","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4343,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates was healed of his wounds  he suspected there might be more of the enemy among his men  He selected a party on another pretence and ordered everyone suddenly to their tents  The Romans were found alone and killed   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4344,"EventTxt":"From there he went into that Armenia which the Romans call the Lesser  He took all the provisions he could carry with him and the rest he spoiled lest it should be useful to Lucullus  About that time Attilius  a Roman senator  was found guilty of conspiracy  He had fled for fear of justice long ago to Mithridates and had been received into his favour  From respect for his former office  Mithridates would not torture him but was content only with his death  He grievously tormented his companions but sent his servants away untouched whom he had made privy to his design   Appian","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4345,"EventTxt":"Lucullus came to Triarius whom the angry soldiers requested and privately carried him away   Plut  in Lucullo   They left unburied those who had died in the fight  This was thought to be the first thing that alienated the affections of his own soldiers   Plut  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4346,"EventTxt":"Mithridates waited with his army on a hill near Talaura for Tigranes who was coming to him with great forces  He refused to fight until he came  However  Mithridates the Mede  one of Tigranes  sons in law  suddenly attacked the Romans as they were scattered abroad and gave them a great defeat   Plut  Appian  Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4347,"EventTxt":"Quintus Marcius  who was the sole consul the previous year  was sent as proconsul into Cilicia  Lucullus  main province  Marcius marched with   legions through Licaonia and Marcius asked Lucullus to help him but Lucullus said his soldiers would not follow him   Salust  historian       apud Priscian          Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4348,"EventTxt":"When Marcus entered into Cilicia  he received graciously Menemachus who had revolted from Tigranes  Marcus made P  Clodius commander of the navy  Marcus had married Clodius  sister and Lucullus had married another sister of Clodius  Clodius had fled from Lucullus for fear of what offences he had committed at Nisibis   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4349,"EventTxt":"Clodius was attacked by the Cilician pirates by surprise and was taken prisoner  They demanded a ransom for him  He sent to Ptolemy  the king of Cyprus to see if he would pay it  Ptolemy only sent   talents which the pirates despised  However  they feared Pompey  they thought it best to free him for nothing   Strabo        p     Appian  Bell  Civil        p     Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4350,"EventTxt":"By the Gabinian law  Manius Acilius Glabrio who was the sole consul that year was made successor to Lucullus in the command of Bithynia and Pontus  The Valerian or Fimbrian legion that had been discharged before and reemployed  were again disbanded  These troops began to rebel and despised Lucullus when they luxuriated with the fruits of victory and lived at ease and with plenty when Lucullus was not present   Salust  Historiar        with Priscian          Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4351,"EventTxt":"Dio         stated that P  Clodius was the main instigator of this rebellion  Cicero affirmed this in his speech in reply to prognosticators  He said that when Clodius was freed by the pirates  he treacherously corrupted Lucullus  army and he fled there  Dio said that he went to Antioch in Syria to help them against the Arabians whom they had war with  Again he stirred up a rebellion and was very nearly killed   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4352,"EventTxt":"Lucullus was in a fix  He dared not move from his place nor dared he stay there  Finally he resolved to march against Tigranes and hoped to attack him by surprise or when he was tired after his march  He hoped that this would settle the rebellions in his camp but it did not  His soldiers followed him for a while but when they knew they were heading for Cappadocia  all of them unanimously without speaking one word turned their backs  When the Valerians or Fimbrians heard they were discharged at Rome  and that Lucullus  command was given to others  they all stole from their colours  Lucullus in the meantime tried to reconcile them  and in great dejection with tears in his eyes  he went to their tents and begged everyone to come back  He took some of them by the hand but they refused his embraces  They threw down their empty purses and declared that as he had alone enriched himself by them that he should alone fight with his enemies   Plut    Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4353,"EventTxt":"This rebellion of the soldiers who would not follow Lucullus  kept him pursuing Mithridates and Tigranes and completing his victory over them  The Valerian Legions cried out that they were disbanded and forsook him   Livy        Finally they were overcome by the intreaty of their fellow soldiers  they agreed to keep to their colours that summer on condition that if no one came to fight them in that time  they might depart  Lucullus was forced to agree with these men or leave that province with no garrison to defend against the barbarians  He did not command them or lead them out into battle but thought it sufficient if they only stayed  He allowed Tigranes to forage in Cappadocia and Mithridates to range over the whole province   Plut  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4354,"EventTxt":"Lucullus had written to the senate that he had finished the war with Mithridates and officers came to him to settle the affairs in Pontus  as if all had been peaceful   Plutarch  in Lucullo  Dio         However  they found that even he was not in control of his troops but was mocked and derided by the soldiers  When the summer was past they had become so insolent and contemptuous of their commander  they took up their arms and drew their swords  They called for their enemies which they could not find anywhere  They retired from the camp with shouting and throwing up their arms and declared that the time they had promised Lucullus to stay  had expired   Plut  in Lucullo","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4355,"EventTxt":"When Acilius Glabrio  the consul  arrived at the province that was assigned to him  he sent criers about and announced that the senate had discharged Lucullus  army and confiscated his goods because he had prolonged the war and refused to obey their commands  When the soldiers heard this  most of them forsook him  Only a few stayed with him who were very poor and did not fear their punishment   Appian   As a result of this  Mithridates recovered most of his kingdom and did much damage to Cappadocia  Lucullus did not fight with Mithridates nor did Acilius defend the country  For although he hurried as if he would have robbed Lucullus of his victory  yet when he understood their condition that Lucullus came with no army  he prolonged his stay in Bithynia   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4356,"EventTxt":"Cicero in his Manilian speech to the Romans in which as a favour to Lucullus  he excused what happened by saying  VV L  Lucullus who in some measure might perhaps be bettered by his misfortunes  was constrained by your command   because you had resolved according to ancient custom to remove his authority   He dismissed that part of his army which had served out their time and sent the other to Glabrio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4357,"EventTxt":"We conclude this section about Lucullus and will return to the war with the pirates or the maritime war  as Salust and Cicero calls it  that Pompey completed this summer","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4358,"EventTxt":"Most of the pirates had sent their children  wealth and the a large multitude into their citadels and strong holds near the Taurus Mountain  They fought with Pompey at Coracesion in Cilicia and were defeated and they were soon besieged  Finally they sent out commissioners and surrendered themselves  their islands and towns  Because of their strength  these would have been very difficult to capture   Plut  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4359,"EventTxt":"Pompey advanced into Cilicia with a very great number of engines and planned to attack those pirates that were located on the rocks  This he did not need to do for his fame and the news of his preparation terrified the pirates  They thought he would be more merciful if they did not fight him  First those who commanded the great citadel of Cragus and Anticragus and later all the Cilcians on the mountains  came in and submitted themselves  They turned over many arms that were either finished or being made including many ships half completed in the docks and others ready for sale  As well they turned over brass and iron prepared for those ships and sails  ropes and other material  They surrendered a large number of captives who were forced to ransom themselves or work in their prisons  Pompey burned the materials  carried away the ships and sent the prisoners home  Many of them saw their own monuments that their relatives had made when they assumed they were long dead   Appian in Mithridatic   Thus the pirates were overcome and the whole strength of the pirates subdued in every part of the sea in no more time than   months  Plut  in Pompey   or   months if we will follow Lucan          Before twice Cynthia did wax and wane  The frightened rover left th  all horrid main To seek a dwelling in some private plain","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4360,"EventTxt":"Pompey burnt more than   small boats and destroyed their places of retreat   Strabo       p        ships wre taken by force and   surrendered   Appian  Plutarch stated that   surrendered and of these   had prows of iron  Pliny affirmed that there were taken or sunk   ships         c             towns  citadels and storehouses      pirates were killed in the fight   Appian","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4361,"EventTxt":"There were     of the pirates left alive whom Pompey planned to let live  However  he did not think it was safe to allow them to leave or that many soldiers and desperate persons stay together   Plut   Lest poverty might constrain them to future actions  he relocated them into a certain place remote from the sea and he gave them those fields for farming which he saw abandoned  He put some in cities that needed inhabitants and gave them a capacity of living without resorting to thievery   Livy       veil  Pater        c     Floras       c     Dio         He ordered them to settle in Maltum  Adana  Epiphania and other remote towns in Cilicia  the Stony   Appian   and into a sea town of Cilicia called formerly Solos which he called Pompeiopolis  He repaired it after it had been destroyed by Tigranes  the Armenian king  He transferred many to Didymena which lacked inhabitants   Strabo        Plut  in Pomp  Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4362,"EventTxt":"Thus that war that was so long and of so large an extent and effected all countries was concluded  Pompey prepared for it in the midst of winter  began in the spring and finished in the middle of summer  Cicero in his Manilian speech said before  vv This war was so cruel  so ancient and so widely dispersed that who would ever have thought that either all the commanders in the world could have finished it in one year or any one commander in all the ages of the world","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4363,"EventTxt":"Floras also said that besides the swiftness of execution and the felicity in the success  there should not be one ship lost  From then on there would be no more pirates  This was done by the singular conduct of the captain by removing them that had been so used to the sea from the sight of it and pinning them up as it were in the midland countries  Should not he be listened to when he speaks of the speediness of the conquest because what had happened only of his success in the lower seas   which has indeed enough of wonder in it  he attributes to the general s seduction  He says this was all finished in   days  Cicero denies this and so does Dion who signifies in these words  ta pleiw awtoethshmirwse that the larger part of the seas were made safe by Pompey within a year s time","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4364,"EventTxt":"In Crete   which after Cilicia Plutarch stated was the next haven of the pirates  the prisoners were so harshly dealt with that most of them poisoned themselves  Others sent to Pompey  although he was absent and said that they would surrender to him   Floras       c      Pompey was then in Pamphylia  where their ambassadors came and promised all the cities in Crete would surrender themselves to him  He did not disappoint them but he demanded hostages   Cicero  prolege Manilia  In the meantime he forbade Metellus from interfering in that war and wrote to the Crizens that they should not obey him   Plutarch in Pompey   He also ordered Metellus to leave the island  for he would take that charge upon him as a part of the care committed to him   Appian  legat      He sent one of his officers  L  Octavius  there without an army  He was not to go to wage war but to receive the cities into the favour of the people of Rome  He shut himself up within the walls with those that were besieged  He fought with them and made Pompey s name odious and contemptible   Plut  in Pompey  Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4365,"EventTxt":"Metellus despised Pompey s command who was in another province and continued in his intended war  He was the more bitter in the war in that he exercised the right of a conqueror on his enemies and hurried to subdue them before Pompey could come   Floras  Plut  Dio   He sent letters to Rome and complained that the glory of his actions were taken away by Pompey  He sent his ambassador into Crete to accept the surrender of the city  Pompey replied to them that they should surrender   Livy","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4366,"EventTxt":"Cornelius Sisenna who at this time was governor of Greece  came with his army into Crete and admonished Metellus that he should spare the people  He could not persuade him and did nothing that compelled him to be more tolerant   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4367,"EventTxt":"Aristion marched from Sidon after he had defeated Lucius Balsus who had come out to attack him  He took Hierapidna and defended that city against the Romans  Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4368,"EventTxt":"Metellus bribed many within the city of Elcuthera and took it by treachery  The conspirators softened a great tower of brick that was extremely hard to be taken  with vinegar for some nights so that it could easily be broken  Later he imposed a tax on Elcuthera and took Lappa by force  He was not deterred by Octavius commanding there and did him no harm  He only killed the Cilicians he found about him  Dio         and dismissed Octavius after he had been mocked and abused with many ignominies in the camp   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4369,"EventTxt":"Octavius did not like this treatment and did not waste time as before  He took command of Sisenna s army who had recently died of a disease  He relieved those who were oppressed by Metellus and then went to Aristion  There he managed their war by common consent and for some time continued in that position  When they heard that Metellus was advancing against them  they forsook their citadels and sailed away  They were hit by a storm and after the loss of many of their men  they were forced to run ashore   Dion","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4370,"EventTxt":"Marcus Cotta had dismissed his treasurer P  Oppius on suspicion of defrauding the treasury and conspiring against him  Oppius had gathered a large amount of money in Bithynia  He was accused by C  Carbo who was made consul for this although before he had only been a tribune   Dion          See note on  b AM","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3937,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3937b AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4371,"EventTxt":"After Sinatruces  whom Appian called Sintricus  Dio by the common name of the kings of Parthia  Arsaces  died  his son Phraates succeeded him  He was the  nd king of Parthia by that name who by a most impious title was called  the god   Appian  in Mithridatic p       Dio        collat  cum Plegont  in Bibliothec  Photic  cod       See note on  b AM","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4372,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus  as we read in Josephus        c      was driven from his kingdom by Aristobulus  his younger brother    months after the death of his mother Alexandra  However since it appears there were   years from the time Hyrcanus began to reign when R  Hortensius  and C  Metellus were consuls to the latter end of Aristobulus  It was that year that Jerusalem was taken by Pompey when C  Antionius and M  Tullius Cicero were consuls  Josephus allows   years and   months to Aristobulus  Therefore Hyrcanus must have ruled for about   years not three months  If we deduct   months from this then the time will be exact","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4373,"EventTxt":"About this time  they fought at Jericho and many of Hyrcanus  men defected to his brother Aristobulus  Hyrcanus fled into the citadel where the wife and children of Aristobulus had been placed by Alexandra his mother  The rest fled to the temple from fear of Aristobulus and surrendered a short time later  Finally the brothers came to a peace treaty  Aristobulus would rule and his brother would be allowed to lead a private life and enjoy that wealth he had gotten by his wits  They made this covenant in the temple and after all oaths were made  they embraced one another in the sight of the people  Aristobulus took over the court and Hyrcanus retired as a private person to Aristobulus  house   Joseph        c      Thus Aristobulus held the kingdom and chief priest s office for   years and   months   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4374,"EventTxt":"Lucius Tullus and Aemilius Lepidus were consuls at the beginning of their consulship in January which was really October on the Julian calendar  At this time the senate set aside a law that was passed by the people the night before and sponsored by C  Manilus  a tribune of the people  The law stated that those servants who were freed should be allowed the same voting privileges as their masters  For this reason Manilus feared for his safety since he was only a mercenary and representative to those that were in power  To ingratiate Pompey  he proclaimed another law  This stated that the charge of the war with Tigranes and Mithridates along with the legions and provinces that were under Lucullus  Cilicia which was under the command of Marcius the sole consul and Bithynia under Acilius Glabrio should be handed over to Pompey  Also there would be no change in Pompey s maritime command   Dio        with Livy       Vellei  Pater        c     Asconio Pedian  in Ora  Cornelianam    Plutarch in Pompey","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4375,"EventTxt":"Livy noted that this law was past with great indignation from the nobility  It seemed to the senate no less than an obvious insult to Lucullus  Pompey was not sent to succeed him in the war so much as in the victory and to take possession of the spoils he had taken rather than the administration of the war   Plutarch in Lucullo   Nor did it please those who were forced to recall Marcius and Acilius from their commands before the time they had given them had expired   Dio         They were chiefly jealous of Pompey s power to whom by this means  the whole Roman empire was subjected  For those provinces which by the former Gabinian law  he did not control like Phrygia  Lycaonia  Galatia  Cappadocia  Cilicia  the upper Colchis and Armenia  by this law were under his power   Plutarch in Pompey   Also he received power to make war and settle a peace and that he might by his own will  judge anyone his enemy or make any his friend and associate as he thought best  He had also the command of all the armies which were from Italy  No Roman before him had so much power   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4376,"EventTxt":"At this time  Cicero who was then a praetor  made his speech for the Manilian law in the  rd year after that cruel slaughter of the citizens of Rome which was perpetrated in Asia by Mithridates  order in one day  vv He now reigns  the  rd year from that time and reigns so not as to hide himself in Pontus or Cappadocia but to break out and invade the tributaries and breathe your Asian air","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4377,"EventTxt":"Pompey was still following up on his victory over the pirates in Cilicia  However  Plutarch  in Pompey  stated that the war was ended and he had nothing to do and was visiting the cities around there  When he received letters from Rome  he knew what had happened there  His friends congratulated him on the news  However  he is reported to have frowned and struck his thigh as if he were already weary and discontented with his command  They all knew he really wanted that opportunity   Plutarch in Pompey  Dio         Although he had formerly made a plan of sailing into Crete to Metellus  he forgot that now and all his maritime business as if there was nothing left undone  He applied himself fully to war with the barbarians   Dio         He recalled the soldiers to him and requested the assistance of those kings and potentates he had received as friends   Plut  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4378,"EventTxt":"Tigranes the younger  the grandchild to Mithridates by his daughter  revolted from his father  Tigranes  and was defeated but not captured  He joined with the chief men who were discontented with his father and defected to Phraates  the king of the Parthians   Livy       Appian  p     Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4379,"EventTxt":"Pompey continued in his war with Mithridates and renewed his league with Phraates  the king of Parthia  Livy   on the same conditions which were previously offered with Sulla and Lucullus  Pompey  Lucan        said this about that   If those pacts were sworn to me By th  Latian Thund rer  continu d be Which your own Magi joined","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4380,"EventTxt":"According to agreement  Phraates with Tigranes the younger invaded Armenia which was subject to Tigranes  They advanced as far as Artaxata  overcoming all opposition on the way and besieged it  Tigranes the elder retired among the mountains from fear   Dio","YearBCAD":-67,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4647,"Dating":"3938a AM, 4647 JP, 67 BC"}
{"Index":4381,"EventTxt":"Pompey wanted to find out Mithridates  intentions and sent Metrophanes to him with very friendly proposals  Mithridates hoped that Phraates who was the new king of Parthia would have joined with him and rejected the proposals  When he knew that Phraates had a league with Pompey and was engaged to invade Armenia  he had second thoughts and immediately sent ambassadors with propositions of peace  Pompey required that he should lay down arms and surrender those that had revolted   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4382,"EventTxt":"As soon as Mithridates  army heard this  the runaways who were many in number  suspected they would be turned over and the barbarians thought they would have to continue the war without their help and rebelled  This would have been disastrous for Mithridates  had he not pretended that he sent his ambassadors to spy out the strength of the enemy rather than to desire peace   Dio   He swore moreover he would neither have friendship with the Romans because they were so covetous and neither would he surrender any of them or do anything unless it was for the common good   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4383,"EventTxt":"When Pompey was come into Galatia  Lucullus came to meet him  Dio   at the citadel of Danala   Strabo        p      Lucullus  in respect of his age and dignity of his consulships was the better man but Pompey s dignity  in respect of the number of his commands and two triumphs that he had  was the greater of the two  Both of them had garlands of laurel carried before them in honour of their victories  Pompey s laurels were dead and withered because he had come a long journey through dry and squalid countries  When Lucullus  lictors saw this  they courteously presented him with some of theirs which were fresh and green  Pompey s friends looked on this sign of friendship as a good omen that he should carry the rewards of Lucullus  victories   Plutarch in Lucullo   Pompey","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4384,"EventTxt":"Lucullus told him that all things were already subdued and there was no reason for that expedition at all  Also he said that persons had come who were sent by the senate to settle affairs  He failed to persuade Pompey to go back and started to complain and slander him  Dio         so much so that there began to be a great argument between them  Pompey objected to Lucullus  covetousness and Lucullus about Pompey s insatiable desire for command  Neither of them could be accused of saying anything false in what they said   Velleius Pater        c     Plutarch in Pompey","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4385,"EventTxt":"For this reason Lucullus disposed of those lands he had taken from the enemy as he pleased and gave away many good gifts besides  Pompey sharply reproved him for this in that he settled and conferred honours and rewards while the enemy was not defeated  This was not normally done until the war was over  Pompey was offended and moved his camp a little further from him and ordered that no one should obey or come near Lucullus  He made a public edict and forbid the confirmation of Lucullus  acts or the council his officers should suggest  Since Pompey had the larger army  he was the most formidable  Pompey left him only   for his triumph and took away all his soldiers  They were as useless to him by their rebellious behaviour as they were to Lucullus   Plutarch in Pompey    Lucullo   Only the Valerian or Fimbrian legions served Pompey faithfully although they were rebellious with Lucullus   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4386,"EventTxt":"Lucullus returned from there to Rome and brought along with him a good number of books which were part of his spoil from Pontus   Isidor  Origin        c      He placed them in his library which was always open to all people especially the Greeks   Plutarch in Lucullo   He was also the first one who brought cherries into Italy   Pliny        c      In spite of his poor treatment by Pompey  he was received very honourably by the senate   Plutarch in Pompey","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4387,"EventTxt":"When Metellus had defeated the island of Crete  he took away the laws from an island which before that time was free   Livy        He removed their liberty which they had for so long enjoyed  by imposing his taxes on them   Velle  Patere        c      Orosius        c      stated that Metellus subdued that island in   year s time and wore it out with continual skirmishes  Eutropius         said that he overcame the whole country in   years in several large battles  Velleius Patere agrees with him and said        c     this  vv About that time the island of Crete was subdued by the Romans  They had resisted with an army of     young men who were pernicious with respect of their agility  patient in respect of labour and skilful in respect of the management of their arms  Under the command of Panares and Lasthenes  they had for   years together tired the Roman army","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4388,"EventTxt":"L  Flaccus along with the commander in chief  bore the brunt of that war   Cicero pro Flacco   Caius Nasennius  a Suessan freeman  commanded the  th century and was called the chief   Cicero ad Brutum  epist      Cnius Plancius was a person very much approved by C  Sacerdos  the ambassador and by L  Flaccus  He was a soldier under C  Metellus   Cicero pro Plantio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4389,"EventTxt":"Hence the men of Crete who were before free and had never yet known any foreign command  were brought under the yoke and Metellus received the name of Cretensis after them by the senate   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4390,"EventTxt":"Antipas who was also called Antipater  was the governor of Idumea and father to Herod  the king of Judea  He was a rich man  a trouble maker and energetic  He feared Aristobulus  power because of some grudges between them and he sided with Hyrcanus  party  When the secret aspersions of Aristobulus prevailed then Antipater stirred up the chief of the Jews to enter into a conspiracy against him  He suggested it would be very unwise to let Aristobulus occupy a position he had usurped by force and displaced his older brother and robbed him of the prerogative of his birth  Antipater worked away on Hyrcanus continually  He added that his very life was in danger unless he fled  for Aristobulus  friends were continually plotting how they should establish the authority on another when they had removed him out of the way  However  Hyrcanus was a good man and not easily moved by rumours and gave little credence to his information  His quiet disposition and gentleness of mind had given him the reputation of being slothful  However  Antipater continued to complain about his brother as if he had plans to kill him   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4391,"EventTxt":"Phraates found the siege of Artaxata would likely last for a long time  He left part of his forces with Tigranes  son and returned home   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4392,"EventTxt":"The nearer Spain was allocated to C  Julius Caesar when he was a quester  He was ordered by the praetor to travel about the various countries and decide matters of law  When he came to Gades  he saw in Hercules  temple  Alexander the Great s tomb  He was depressed that he had done nothing of note by the time he was   when Alexander had conquered the world  He became greatly depressed and begged that he might be sent back to Rome so that he might at the first opportunity attempt some noble thing  He left before his time and went to some Italian colonies that were in rebellion  He would have stirred them to do something  had not the consuls kept them in control with their legions which were raised to go into Cilicia   Sueto  in Julio  Caesare  c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4393,"EventTxt":"Pompey controlled all the seas between Phoenicia and the Bosphorus with his navy  He advanced against Mithridates with a select army of     foot soldiers arranged in a phalanx for the safe keeping of his country  Plutarch said he also had      Appian  cavalry   Plut  in Pompey  Appian  p      Moreover that because Lucullus had recently pillaged that country  he had caused a great shortage of provisions for the enemy  Many fled to Pompey although Mithridates used all the severity he could to prevent this  He threw them down steep rocks or put out their eyes or burned them alive  This prevented many from defecting but they were very short of provisions   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4394,"EventTxt":"Pompey placed some troops in ambush and sent out others to face the king s camp and provoke him to battle  They were ordered to turn and flee after they came out and thereby draw them into his trap  The king suspected it and drew out his foot soldiers  They might possibly have pursued them as far as their camp  This was the first skirmish between the cavalry   Appian p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4395,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was outnumbered and avoided fighting Pompey and destroyed the countries where he came  He tried by marching up and down to wear out his enemy or cause them a shortage of provisions  Pompey went into Armenia the Less  which was subject to Mithridates  partly to get food and partly to take it over since it was without enemy troops  Finally  Mithridates went there lest that province in his absence should fall into the hands of his enemies   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4396,"EventTxt":"Mithridates camped on a strong and secure hill opposite his enemy  He stayed there quietly with his whole army and hoped to drive the Romans into distress by intercepting their provisions and thereby defeat them  Mithridates was in his own country and was well supplied from all parts  Under this hill there was a plain into which he sent some cavalry to encounter and cut off all they met  By this it happened that many defected from the enemy to him   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4397,"EventTxt":"Pompey did not dare to attack the enemy in that place and moved his camp to another spacious area that was surrounded by woods  By this he secured himself from their troops and arrows  He laid ambush in a convenient place and he made a few advances and faced their camp  After raising a tumult  he drew the enemy from their works to the place he had planned and gave them a great defeat  By this victory  the Romans were encouraged and Pompey sent out others to the other parts of the country to bring in provisions   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4398,"EventTxt":"Mithridates left the hill where he camped because he thought it was a barren  dry place  Pompey came and occupied it  When he saw how the plants grew so well and the hollowness of the place  he thought there must be water there  He ordered his troops to dig wells up and down the hill  They soon had so much water in their camp that he wondered why Mithridates had not found it long ago   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4399,"EventTxt":"Mithridates camped on a mountain near Dastira in Acilisena which had abundant water and not far from the Euphrates River which divides Acilisena and Armenia the Less   Strabo        p      Orosius wrote that Pompey blockaded the king s camp near the Dastrocus Mountain in Armenia the Less         c      and made a line around the king of about   miles  He built several citadels there so that he might intercept their foragers  The king did not hinder the work either from fear or folly which was often the forerunners of disaster   Appian   Mithridates was besieged for   days  Plutarch  but Appian said it was for   days  They could scarcely keep themselves alive after they had killed all the cattle they had and only spared the horses","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4400,"EventTxt":"Finally Mithridates knew that the enemy had been supplied with provisions and had captured a country in Armenia called Manaitin  Many of his men defected to Pompey and Marius  army along with the legions which Suetonius has said were raised for Cilicia where he was governor were coming to Pompey  Mithridates was afraid and planned to leave that country   Dio   He killed those who were sick and of no use and he went out in the night with the entire army very quietly and escaped   Plutarch  Appian  and Orosius  He planned by marching in the night to go into Armenia the Greater which was subject to Tigranes  Dio   and there to drive off Pompey if he pursued him   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4401,"EventTxt":"The next day  Pompey after much trouble caught up to him and attacked his rear  The king  in spite of his friends  advice  would not fight and was contented to beat back the enemy with some cavalry only  In the evening he retired into the woods   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4402,"EventTxt":"The next day  Mithridates occupied a village  that was surrounded by rocks on all sides and there was only one way in  He guarded that with   companies of foot soldiers  The Romans also guarded the entrance to prevent the escape of the king   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4403,"EventTxt":"When they were come to the borders Pompey feared Mithridates would get ahead of him and cross the Euphrates River and make his escape  He resolved to force a battle with them at night   Plutarch   Dio   He moved his camp and deceived the barbarians who rested until noon  He marched the same way they were to come  He occupied a convenient place among the hills and drew up his men into the highest parts of it and waited for the enemy  The barbarians did not suspect this and since the Romans did not fight with them  they did not even send scouts ahead to spy out their way   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4404,"EventTxt":"It is said that at that time Mithridates had a vision in his sleep which forewarned him of what was to happen  He seemed to be sailing with a fair wind in the Pontic sea and came within sight of the Bosphorus  He was overjoyed with certain and unquestionable safety and began pleasantly to accost those who carried him  Suddenly  he found himself deserted and tossed about on a small part of the ship  While he was thinking about this vision  his friends who were around him awoke him and told him that Pompey was near  Therefore he was forced to fight for his camp and brought out his army  Both sides drew into battle array   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4405,"EventTxt":"When Pompey saw that they were prepared for a fight  he thought it best not to fight in the night but to surround them so they could not escape  He could attack them next morning with his army which was much stronger  However the older and chief of his officers by their urging  provoked him to attack then   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4406,"EventTxt":"Therefore  it was agreed that all the trumpets would sound a charge together  After this  the soldiers and the whole multitude would give a shout and then some would strike their spears against their brass vessels  The mountains echoed and made the noise more horrible  When the barbarians suddenly heard this in the night in a deserted place  they were exceedingly dismayed and supposed they were fallen into some misery inflicted by the gods  In the meantime  the Romans from above threw down stones  arrows and darts on every side  Since there were so many barbarians almost every object hit someone  After they had shot all their arrows  they ran down violently on the barbarians  They were kicking and pressing each other forward and were killed and not able to defend themselves nor attack the enemy  Most of them were cavalry men and archers who could do little in the dark and in confined a space   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4407,"EventTxt":"As soon as the moon was up  the barbarians thought they might repel the enemy in its light and were encouraged  This might have helped them but the moon was on the Romans  backs  As the moon began to set and their shadows appeared long ahead of their bodies and close to the enemy  They judged their distance by these long shadows and shot arrows not far enough to hit the Romans  The Romans later attacked them and easily defeated them   Dio  cum Flo  Plut    Eutrop","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4408,"EventTxt":"This battle was in the night   Livy        Floras       Plutarch in Pompey  Dio       Eutropius       Orosius       c      Only Appian says it was in the day and happened like this  Both armies were drawn up early in the morning and some soldiers from both sides advanced and skirmished among the rocks  Some of the king s cavalry men came running on foot without orders to relieve their fellow soldiers  They were charged by a large number of the Roman cavalry and they ran back in one company to their tents to get their horses to better confront their enemy  The Pontics who were on guard  saw from an high place the noise and haste as they ran and thought their camp had been breached in some other part and that was the reason of their flight  They threw away their arms and fled but there was nowhere to escape  They ran afoul of one another until by their crowding they threw themselves down the rocks  It was easy for Pompey to perform the rest and to kill and take them prisoners that were unarmed and so entangled among the rocks  There were     slain and their camp was taken along with all their ammunition and baggage   Appian in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4409,"EventTxt":"Plutarch stated that many more than     were killed  Dio said that there were very many killed and as many taken prisoners  Eurtopius stated the total was      Orosius stated there were this many either killed or captured  Eutropius says Pompey lost only   or   of his men and   of his captains  Orosius stated the Romans had   wounded and about   killed","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4410,"EventTxt":"Mithridates with a troop of   cavalry broke through the Roman lines  Finally the rest abandoned him and he was left with only   in his company  Hypsicratia was one of these whom the king called Hypsicrates because of her masculine spirit  Plutarch calls her his concubine but Valer  Maxim  and Eutropius said she was his wife  Although she wore a Persian man s cloths and rode on horseback  yet she was neither tired by the tediousness of her own flight nor with the care and solicitousness of the king   Plutarch  Valer  Maxim        c     Eutropius         His daughter Dripetine  accompanied him in this distressing time  She was born to him by Laodice the queen but was very deformed by a double row of teeth   Valer  Max     I e","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4411,"EventTxt":"Hence the king escaped through the confusion of the battle and was helped by a clear night  He lead his horse by his hand when he came into places and trembled at every noise he heard   Oros        c      Finally  he came to some mercenary cavalry and     foot solders and was escorted into the citadel of Sinoria where he had stored much money   Appian   Plutarch calls the citadel Inora  Strabo  Sinoria or Synoria and it was located on the border of Armenia the Greater and the Less   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4412,"EventTxt":"He gave gifts and a year s pay to those who had escorted him in his flight  He took  Appian    talents along with him  He also gave expensive garments to those that came to him from the rout  He also gave deadly poison to his friends to carry about with them lest any of them should fall into the enemy s hands  From there he marched into Armenia to Tigranes   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4413,"EventTxt":"Tigranes was pestered by the ambassadors from Mithridates and would not receive Mithridates but threw his ambassadors into prison  He pretended that Mithridates was the cause of his son s rebellion  Thus Mithridates  hopes were frustrated  He crossed over the Euphrates River and fled into Colchis  Plutarch  Appian  Dio   which was formerly subject to him   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4414,"EventTxt":"He did not stop and on the  th day he crossed the Euphrates River  They armed themselves for   days and assigned those troops he had with him or who came to him  He attacked Chotenis the chief town in Armenia because the Chotenians and Iberians had tried to impede the march with slings and arrows but he was able to beat off their attack  Then he advanced to the Absarus River   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4415,"EventTxt":"Pompey sent out troops to pursue Mithridates but he had crossed the Phasis River and escaped  So Pompey built a city in the same place where he won his victory  Dio         between the two rivers which had their source in the same mountain  These were the Euphrates and Araxes Rivers which are located in the Lesser Armenia and for that reason he called the city  Nicopolis  He gave this city with the consent of his soldiers to those who were old or lame or sick or wounded or disbanded  Many of the neighbours moved there also and the Nicopolitans lived after the customs of the Cappadocians   Dio         Strabo        p       Appian  p          Oros        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4416,"EventTxt":"Tigranes  the father  advanced against Tigranes  his son  who was left alone to besiege the Artaxati and defeated him  He fled first toward Mithridates  his grandfather  When he heard that he also was defeated and was likely in more need of help than being able to help him  Tigranes defected to the Romans   Dio         He was willing to help them  even though he was the grandchild to Mithridates by his daughter   Appian   He met Pompey at the Araxes River  Plutarch   and guided Pompey and his army into Armenia against his father who was considered a confederate of Mithridates   Dio         They went to Artaxatis to the court of Tigranes   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4417,"EventTxt":"When Tigranes  the father  knew of this he was exceedingly terrified  He heard that Pompey was of a gentle and pleasant nature and he sent a trumpeter to him and by him turned over Mithridates  ambassadors that he imprisoned  His son prevented him from obtaining any tolerable conditions and Pompey nevertheless crossed the Araxis River and approached near to Arraxatis  Finally Tigranes surrendered the city and all the garrison was in it  He with his friends and kindred went out to meet Pompey without sending so much as an herald before them  He surrendered all his right into his hands and appealing to him for justice against his son   Plutarch  Appian  Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4418,"EventTxt":"So that he might appear to Pompey worthy of respect and compassion  he said he would retain a mediocre position between his former dignity and his present misery  He had taken off his gown that was half white and his royal robe of purple but wore his diadem and the ornaments for his head   Dio   When Pompey sent the captains and officers of his cavalry to meet and honour him  his friends that were with him  fled for they worried about their security because they had sent no heralds ahead of them   Appian","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4419,"EventTxt":"When Tigranes came to Pompey s camp which was   miles away from Arraxatis  two lictors from Pompey came to him and ordered him to get off his horse  According to the customs of his country he had entered the very works  for no man living was ever seen to enter the Roman camp on horse back  Tigranes obeyed and unbuckled his sword and delivered it to them   Eutr  Plut    Dio   Pompey saw him enter on foot after he had thrown away his crown  He prostrated him himself on the ground according to the custom of the barbarians  Pompey was touched with compassion and he ran over to him  He caught him by the hand and lifted him up and put on his crown again that he had cast away  Pompey ordered him to sit down on one side of him and his son on the other side  Tigranes  son did not rise up to greet his father nor show him any respect   Cicero pro P  Sextio  Eutrop        Dio  Appian   Plutarch  in Pompey   Lucul    Cimonis collatione","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4420,"EventTxt":"Tigranes surrendered himself and his kingdom to Pompey  for he had previously stated that there was no man in Rome or any other country that he would have surrendered to except Pompey  He said that he would be content with whatever happened to him  whether it was good or bad  He also said that it was no disparagement to be conquered by him  whom it was a sin to conquer  nor was it dishonourable to submit to him whom fortune had exalted above everyone   Vel  Pater        c      He and his son were later invited by Pompey to supper but the son excused himself and gave Pompey a reason to be offended at him   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4421,"EventTxt":"The next day after their disputes were heard  Pompey restored the kingdom of Armenia   the ancient possession of his forefathers   to Tigranes  the elder  Strabo stated he added the greatest and best part of Mesopotamia        p      and took away those countries he had gained in the war  He imposed a fine of   talents of silver on him which was to be paid to the people of Rome because he had waged war with them without a cause  He gave his son the command of Gordena and Sophena with the freedom of joining the rest of Armenia to it when his father died  He gave the treasure in Sophena   a country in the borders of Armenia  to the father otherwise he would not be able to pay his fine   Cicero  Velles  Pater  Plut  Appian  Dio    Eutrop  as was said before","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4422,"EventTxt":"Tigranes  the father  was very glad for these conditions and that he was called a king by the Romans  He left and went through Cappadocia  some parts of Cilicia  and all of Syria and Phoenicia from the Euphrates River to the sea  He controlled these provinces with part of Cilicia when he had driven out Antiochus Pius   Livy        Vellei  Patercul        c     Plutarch  Appian  Dio    Eutrop","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4423,"EventTxt":"Tigranes  the younger  was badly disappointed and plotted to escape  Pompey knew of this and restrained him but with liberty to move around  He sent messengers to those that kept the money  to demand it for Tigranes the elder  They refused and stated they only took orders from Tigranes the younger whom they thought this country belonged to  Tigranes was sent to the citadel and was shut out  Against his will  he ordered them to open to him  but the keepers refused and said he only made the order because Pompey forced him to  Pompey was displeased and chained the younger Tigranes and finally got the treasure for his father   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4424,"EventTxt":"Appian said that the Armenians who deserted the king on his journey to the Roman camp  asked his son who stayed with Pompey to dispose of his father but he was taken and put in irons  However  when he was bound  through his messengers he persuaded the Parthians to fight the Romans and pretended he was imprisoned for the triumph","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4425,"EventTxt":"After the father received his money  he gave a greater portion of money than was agreed on by Pompey  He freely gave to every soldier    groats  or  as Strabo says     to every captain    every colonel      or  as Strabo and Plutarch have it  a talent  which is but  rachmas  By this he was counted among the friends and confederates of the people of Rome   Strabo        p     Plutarch  Appian  Dio   Pompey delivered the money due to the people of Rome  according to his custom  to the treasurer for the public use   Velei  Pater        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4426,"EventTxt":"Pompey gave Ariobarzanes the whole kingdom of Cappadocia  Sophena and Gordena  which he had first assigned to Tigranes the younger  This area was later called the province of Cappadocia  Pompey also gave him Cabala   or Gabala  a city of Cilicia and some others which Ariobarzanes later left entirely to his sons   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3938,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3938b AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4427,"EventTxt":"A few days before C  Julius Caesar entered into the office of the aedile  he was suspected of a conspiracy with Marcus Crassus the consul  Sulla and Antionius were also suspected as their term as consuls expired  They were condemned for trying to overthrow the republic at the beginning of the year   January corresponded to October on the Julian calendar when Cotta and Torquatus entered the consulship   They planned to invade the senate and kill whom they pleased and Crassus was to become the dictator and he should be called the master of his horse  The whole state would be run as they saw fit and the consulship would be restored to Sulla and Antonius  From this it was that Cicero in an letter to Axius stated that when Caesar was consul  he settled the kingdom as he planned to when he was an aedile   Sueton  in Julius Caesar  c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4428,"EventTxt":"Pompey left Armenia under the command of Afranius and pursued Mithridates through those countries that lie around the Caucasus  These were the large countries of the Albanians and Iberians  They allowed him to go through when he first came   Plutarch  However  Livy         said that Pompey fought and overcame them because they refused to allow him access  This battle is briefly mentioned by Plutarch and Appian  Dio  gave more details  Pompey divided his army into three parts and took his winter quarters near the Cyrnus River in the country around Tanais  In spite of this he did not have peace  Oroesus  the king of the Albanians who inhabited the country above the Cyrnus River  or Cyrus   Floras        c       Eutropius          Orosius        c     called him Orodes   advanced against the Romans  He did this partly to gratify his friend  Tigranes the younger but especially because he feared the Romans would invade Albania  He hoped that if he attacked in the winter by surprise  then they would not have pitched their camp in one place  He wanted to do some brave exploit  He advanced with his army against the Romans in the midst of their Saturnals  He personally marched against Metellus Celer who had Tigranes with him  Others went against Pompey while others against the commander of the third party under Lucius Flaccus  He wanted to attack all three at once so they could not help one another   Dio         Appian stated that Oroezes  the king of the Albanians and Otocus   or rather Artocus  the king of the Iberians  set an ambush with     men for Pompey near the Cyrnus River  Plutarch stated that at least     barbarians crossed the river against Pompey in the Roman festivals to Saturn which were celebrated in the month of December   In that year it happened in September or the Julian October that is in the beginning of autumn or winter according to those that divide the year into two parts only  summer and winter  This we saw in Thucydides history of the Peloponnesian war","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4429,"EventTxt":"Metellus defeated Oroesus  Flaccus made an inner ditch around his camp  The first ditch around his camp was too large to be defended  The enemy thought he did this from fear and advanced into the outer ditch  Flaccus made an unexpected sally on them and killed many in the conflict and many in the chase  Pompey knew of the barbarian attacks on the two camps  He attacked those who were marching against him and defeated them  Pompey went directly against Oroesus himself but could not find him  After Oroesus was beaten by Metellus and had heard of the defeats of the others  he fled   Dio","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4430,"EventTxt":"Pompey camped where they crossed the Cyrnus River  He finally agreed to their supplications and gave them peace  He planned to recompense their attacks by invading their country  Since it was winter  this would be difficult to do   Dio       fin  Plutarch wrote that Pompey routed a great number of them and brought in their colours  Later their king sent ambassadors and he made peace with him","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4431,"EventTxt":"Mithridates wintered in Dioscuriade  Appian  p      where the isthmus between the Euxine and the Caspian Sea begins   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4432,"EventTxt":"Antipater urged Hyrcanus to flee to Areta  the king of the Arabians and promised to help him  He was barely able to convince him  yet he finally did go  Arabia bordered on Judea  Antipater was sent ahead to the king to get his promise that he would not deliver up Hyrcanus to his enemies  As soon as he had given his word  Antipater returned quickly to Hyrcanus at Jerusalem  Antipater took him by night along with him and they stole from the city and after a long journey  they came to a city called Petra where Areta s court was   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4433,"EventTxt":"Antipater was very close to Areta and requested that he would restore Judea to Hyrcanus  His constant urgings and his presents finally convinced him to help Hyrcanus  Hyrcanus promised if he would help him get his kingdom again  he would return to him a country with   cities which his father  Alexander Jannaeus  had taken away from the Arabians  The cites were these  Medaba  Naballo  Livias  Tharabasa  Agalla  Athone  Zoara  Orouae  Marisa  Rydda  Lusa and Oryba   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-66,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4648,"Dating":"3939a AM, 4648 JP, 66 BC"}
{"Index":4434,"EventTxt":"Alexander  nd  the king of Egypt and the son of Alexander  st  was expelled by the Alexandrians   Suet  in Juli  Casare   Ptolemy  a natural son  replaced him and he was the son of Ptolemy Lathurus  He was called Dionysius the New  or Bacchus and Auletes because he most effeminately followed the ways of the Dionysii  He put on women s clothes and danced to the cymbals in the celebrations of Bacchus   Lucian de non tern  cred  calum   He also practised their piping so much that he boasted of it  He was not ashamed to celebrate contests in his court in which he contested with others   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4435,"EventTxt":"Aretas  the king of the Arabians  with     men defeated Aristobulus  After this battle many ran away to Hyrcanus so that Aristobulus was abandoned and fled to Jerusalem  Aretas brought his army with him and besieged him in the temple  The people helped Hyrcanus and only the priests were loyal to Aristobulus  Aretas  with the Jewish and Arabian army  most vigorously continued the siege   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4436,"EventTxt":"These things were done before the time of the feast of unleavened bread  The leaders of the Jews abandoned their country and fled into Egypt  Onias in Judea was an honest and just man  In a great drought  he prevailed by the piety of his prayers for rain  When he foresaw the civil war that followed  he hid himself in a cave  However  the Jews caught him and brought him into their camp  They wanted him to curse Aristobulus and his side just as he had prayed for rain  For a long time he refused  Finally the multitude compelled him and he stood in their midst and prayed  vv O God  thou that art King of the whole world  for as much as these that are with me are thy people and those that are besieged are thy priests  I beseech thee that thou wouldst neither hear these against them nor them praying against these","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4437,"EventTxt":"After this some wicked men of the Jews surrounded him and killed him with stones  God immediately revenged this wickedness and punished the slaughter of Onias in this way   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4438,"EventTxt":"While Aristobulus was besieged with his priests  the feast of the passover arrived  It was the custom for them to make many sacrifices to their God  Because of the siege  they asked the Jews that besieged them if they would give them sacrifices at whatever price they would set  They demanded   groats should be sent them for every ox  Aristobulus and his priests willingly agreed to this and let down their money from the wall  When they had the money  they gave no animals in return for the sacrifice  This was the height of impiety in that they broke their faith with men and robbed God of his due honour  But the priests who were defrauded  prayed to God that he would take vengeance on them  This soon happened  A violent storm greatly wasted their grain so that a bushel of wheat was sold for   groats   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4439,"EventTxt":"Pompey waged war with the Iberians  They were exceedingly desirous to gain the favour of Mithridates and to drive out Pompey  Up until now they had never been subject to the Medes  Persians  Alexander or the Macedonians   Plutarch   When Lucius Cotta and Lu  Torquarus were consuls  Artoces  their king  feared lest Pompey would attack him  He sent ambassadors to Pompey under pretence of treating for peace but in the meantime he prepared to attack them by surprise  Pompey knew this and before Artoces had sufficiently prepared and secured the passes  Pompey attacked their country  Before Artoces knew anything of his coming  Pompey had advanced as far as the city of Acropolis which was located in those passes where the Caucasus Mountains runs  It was fortified for the defence of that pass  Artoces lost the opportunity of strengthening himself and he was terrified  He crossed the Cyrnus River and burned the bridge  When the city saw him flee and themselves beaten  they surrendered the town  By this means  Pompey got control of the passes and put a garrison over them  He marched from there and subdued the whole country that lay on that side of the river   Dio  init","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4440,"EventTxt":"Pompey was about to cross Cyrnus River when Artoces begged a truce by his ambassadors  He offered to make him a bridge and to furnish him with all supplies besides  This he did to obtain peace  As soon as Pompey had crossed that river  Artoces immediately fled to the Pelorus River  He ran from Pompey whom he had helped cross the river when he might have prevented his crossing  Pompey was aware of this and pursued him  When he caught up to him  he fought and defeated him easily  Before the bowmen came to fight  he had routed them  When Artoces had crossed the Pelorus River and burnt that bridge also  he fled  The remainder were cut off  Some died in the battle and some attempted to cross the river on foot  Many fled to the woods and held out for some days by shooting arrows from the large trees  Pompey had the trees cut down and they also died   Dio  init         Plutarch reports there was     killed in the battle and more than     taken prisoners","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4441,"EventTxt":"Artoces sent ambassadors to Pompey to sue for peace  They brought presents of a bed  a table and a chair  all of gold which he begged him to accept  Pompey took the presents and turned them over to the quaesters to be recorded in the public records  He refused to give them peace unless Artoces would deliver his sons for hostages  Artoces hesitated until the Romans had found a ford in the river in summer time and crossed it with much trouble although no one hindered their crossing  Artoces sent his sons for hostages and made peace with Pompey   Dio          Plutarch    Flor        c      Eutropius stated that Pompey defeated Arthaces  the king of Iberia  in battle  and received him into favour on some conditions  Sextus Rufus and Jomandes stated that the kings of both Iberia and Arthaces  surrendered themselves to him  However  Orosius        c      stated that he defeated Artoces  the king of the Iberians  and subdued all of Iberia","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4442,"EventTxt":"Mithridates travelled through the country of the Scythians who were offended by his presence  He persuaded some and others he constrained by force to help him  He went to the Heniochians but the Archaeans tried to resist him and were defeated  Later he entered into the Maeotic countries and defeated many of their commanders  Because of the fame of his achievements  he was warmly welcomed  He gave and received many gifts  He formed marriage alliances with the most powerful men there   Livy        Appian p        Dio         Strabo also refers to this place         p      The Heniochi had   kings at that time when Mithridates fled through their country into Bosphorus from Pontus  He gave up any hopes of passing through the Zygians because the way was difficult and the people were fierce  Therefore with much trouble he was many times forced to follow the sea and marched along the shore  Finally he arrived among the Achaeans who received him   Appian said they resisted him   Here he ended his journey of almost   miles which began at Phasis  Strabo stated the countries he passed through  based on those writers who wrote of the affairs of Mithridates  The countries in this order were  the Achaeans  the Zygians  Heniochians  Cercetans  Moschians and the Colchians   p      Hypsicrate his queen went through all these unruly countries with an indefatigable mind and body  She followed her distressed husband  So she might more easily share in his labour and pains  she shaved her hair  She was accustomed to ride on horse back and bear arms  She was faithful in all his distresses and was the greatest and most pleasant asset to Mithridates  He seemed to wander with his whole fortune and family while his wife accompanied him in his banishment   Valer  Maxim        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4443,"EventTxt":"Machares  the son of Mithridates  reigned in Bosphorus Cimerius and favoured the Romans  He heard that his father in so short a time had overcome so many fierce and warlike countries and passed the very borders of Scythia which were never passed before  He sent ambassadors to him to let him know it was of necessity that had forced him to that friendship with the Romans  He knew his father s animosity so he fled into Pontius Chersonesus and burned his ships to prevent his father from following him  When he sent against Mithridates another fleet  he was killed       Mithridates killed all those friends that he had sent with his son for companions when Machares first went into his kingdom  Mithridates sent his servants away safely   Appian p      However Dio         stated that the father corrupted his son s friends with promises of safety and with bribes  He persuaded them to kill his son  Orosius said that Machares was killed by his father         c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4444,"EventTxt":"Pompey made his journey into the northern parts of Scythia by the stars as if he had been at sea and attacked the Colchi  He camped beneath the Caucasus Mountains and ordered their king Orodes to come down into the plains   Floras       c      Floras said that Orodes was king of the Alcans along with Eutropius and Oronus  For Orodes in this place means the name Olthaces  whom Appian said was the king of the Colchi and was led in triumph by Pompey  p      or Aristarchus  whom Appian said  p      and Eutropius         was said to be made king of Colchis in his place","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4445,"EventTxt":"Plutarch says that at the Phasis River  Servilius met Pompey with the fleet which was left for the defence of Pontus  The pursuit of Mithridates who had hid himself in the countries around Bosphorus and Maeotis had caused him much trouble  Pompey went to Colchis that he might see the place of the wanderings of the Argonauts and Castor and Pollux  He especially wanted to see the place where Prometheus was said to be bound to the Caucasus Mountains  These sights drew him from the neighbouring countries   Appian  p         He won the Colchi also and the hostile countries to his side  partly by fair words and partly by fear  He found that his journey would be difficult by land through many warlike and unknown countries  If he went by sea it was would be worse  The inhabitants were hostile and the country lacked ports  Pompey commanded his ships to stay there and to watch Mithridates that he might not be allowed to escape and to block all provisions going to him  Pompey headed against the Albani but took a round about way so they would think themselves safe and he could come suddenly on them and easily defeat them  However  Plutarch stated that the Albani finally revolted and that Pompey was incensed with anger and desire for revenge  He marched immediately against them but he returned to Armenia and crossed the Cyrnus River  It was fordable at that time of the year   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4446,"EventTxt":"After great difficulty  he crossed this river  The barbarians had for a long time fortified it by pounding down stakes into it   Plutarch   Where the river was calm  Pompey first crossed over with his cavalry  then his train and then his foot soldiers  He had the horses break the force of the river with their bodies and if anything of the train should be carried away by the current it  would land against those who accompanied it and be carried no further   Dio   After he had come from a long  dry and rocky way  he filled     water bottles and continued his journey   Plut","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4447,"EventTxt":"Finally  with no resistance from the enemy  he arrived at the Gambyses River  His whole army was badly bothered by the heat and from thirst although they marched mainly in the night  He selected guides from the prisoners but they did not show him the easiest way  Moreover the river proved harmful too  The water was extremely cold and they drank too much and it made them quite sick  They did not rest until they came to the Abans River  All that time they took only water  for the inhabitants bountifully supplied their needs  Hence they marched through and did them no harm   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4448,"EventTxt":"When they had crossed the river  they heard that Oroeses was coming toward them   Dio   He had in his army     foot soldiers and     or      according to Strabo  cavalry  Most of these were poorly armed and clothed with only the skins of wild beasts  They were commanded by Cossis  the king s brother   Plut    Strabo        p      Pompey wanted to draw them into a battle before they knew the numbers of the Romans  He first drew up his cavalry and told them what to do  Behind them he placed his foot soldiers  He had them lay down and cover themselves with their shields and lie still without making any noise  By this  Oroeses had no knowledge of them until he had joined battle  He despised the cavalry whom he thought were all alone and attacked them  In a moment they fled as they were ordered to by Pompey and Oroeses chased them furiously  The foot soldiers rose up suddenly and made a space to allow the cavalry to retreat through  They charged the enemy and surrounded a large number of them and killed them  The rest were killed by the cavalry who came around on the right hand and the left and attacked their rear  So the cavalry killed a large number  The enemy fled to the woods which was set on fire and killed them  The Romans shouted to them to remember what happened at the Saturnals  About that time as is said before  the Albani laid an ambush and attacked the Romans by surprise   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4449,"EventTxt":"In the battle  Cossis the king s brother charged Pompey himself  and with his dart struck him through the joint of his arms  Pompey ran him through with his spear and killed him  In this fight it was reported that certain Amazons that lived in the mountains next to the Thermontes River  came to help the barbarians  While the Romans were taking the plunder in the field  they found some Amazon shields and buskins but no women were found   Plut   Also Appian  p      stated that this and the former battle with the Albani were the same battle  However  Orosius with Eutropius and Sextus Rufus stated that Pompey defeated Oroeses  the king of the Albani and his commanders         c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4450,"EventTxt":"Pompey destroyed the country around there  Finally he was persuaded to accept a peace from Orodis or Oroeses  He sent Pompey a golden bed and other presents to make peace   Floras        c     Dio        Eurtop        Oros        c      They commemorated their Italian origins because they followed Hercules from the Mount Albanus and they greeted Pompey as one of the mothers of their country   Justin        c      Pompey made peace with the Albans and all the inhabitants from Mount Caucasus in the Caspian Sea even so far as that mountain that was in Pontus  These people requested peace through their ambassadors   Dio         Strabo wrote that from all parts and both the Chipeari and the Cholchian  he warred against the Ibearians and Albani         p      Pompey wanted to see Hyrcania and the Caspian Sea since it was only a   day journey from there  He was thwarted from that plan by the number of deadly serpents in the area  Hence he went into Armenia the Less   Plutarch   This paragraph in both the English and Latin copies is almost unreadable  Editor","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4451,"EventTxt":"After Pompey had crossed the Taurus Mountains  he advanced to Antiochus Commagenus and finally received him into favour  Appian  p      when he surrendered to Pompey Seleucia  a castle in Mesopotamia with all that he had captured in his excursion there   Appian  p      Strabo        p      Pompey defeated Darius and the Medes either because he had helped Antiochus now or Tigranes previously  Appian in his Mithridatic   p      stated that Darius and the Medes were numbered among the princes and peoples that Pompey defeated   p         Velleius Patercules         c      numbered Media among those countries Pompey had successfully invaded  Although Plutarch stated that Pompey only returned a civil answer to the kings of the Medes and Elymaes who had sent ambassadors to him","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4452,"EventTxt":"Phraates  the king of the Parthians saw Pompey warring so successfully that Armenia and that part of Pontus that was next him was taken by Pompey s commanders  Gabinius had crossed the Euphrates River and was advancing as far as the Tigris River  He was frightened and sent ambassadors to Pompey to renew the peace with the Romans which they had before  The embassy was unsuccessful because Pompey was elated with his present successes and the hopes he had of future conquests  Hence he had little respect for Phraates  Among his arrogant demands  he ordered that Cordenies or Gordyones be given to him  This was a disputed country between Phraates and Tigranes  The ambassadors did not have the authority to do this so they did not reply  Hence  Pompey wrote to Phraates   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4453,"EventTxt":"In his letters Pompey neglected to give Phraates the title of King of kings  All other people gave him this title including the Romans and Pompey did  after in his triumph  He addressed him only as a king  Phraates scorned the letter since his kingdom was plundered also  Pompey did not wait for a reply but sent Afranius immediately with an army into Cordenies  They defeated those Parthians that had invaded it and pursued them as far as Arbelius  Thus they restored the country to Tigranes   Dio        Plut  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4454,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated that Gabinius was sent from Armenia into Syria by Pompey  Belli     I e       Antiq        c      This we think was Armenia the Lesser into which we have learned from by Plutarch that when Pompey retired there when he had finished the war with the Albanians  Josephus was mistaken by the similarity of the names and thought it was the Greater  Therefore he wrote that at the same time when Pompey was fighting with Tigranes  Gabinius was sent into Syria  This could not be unless with Appian  he made Tigranes defeat to follow after his expedition against the Albanians  This we showed from Livy  Velleius  Floras  Plutarch  Eutrop  and Orosius  to be before not after that expedition","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4455,"EventTxt":"As soon as Scaurus came to Damascus  he found it recently captured by Metellus and Lollius  He left there and understood that something was happening in Judea  He went there as a convenient place  As soon as he had entered the country  he met ambassadors from Hyrcanus that had besieged the temple of Jerusalem and from his brother  Aristobulus who was besieged there  Both asked for his help  When Aristobulus offered   talents  Hyrcanus offered him as much  However  Scaurus preferred Aristobulus and when he received his money  he sent ambassadors to Hyrcanus and Areta the king  They were helped by many of the Nabathae although they were not very enthusiastic about the war  He commanded them in the name of the Romans and Pompey  to lift the siege  Aretas was frightened and withdrew from Judea into Philadelphia and Scaurus returned to Damascus  Aristobulus gathered all the forces together that he had and planned to punish Aretas and Hyrcanus  He fought with them at Papyron and defeated them  About   of the enemy were killed including Cephalius  the brother of Antipater   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4456,"EventTxt":"Pompey returned from Armenia and met with certain kings and rulers  whom Plutarch stated to be   barbarian kings  He heard their complaints and gave them his judgments  He confirmed some in their kingdoms  He increased some kingdoms and he took away from others their kingdoms   Xiphilin ex Dione  Va  Maximus seems to refer to this famous time in history","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4457,"EventTxt":"Ariobarzanes turned over his kingdom of Cappadocia to his son in the sight of Cn  Pompey  Ariobarzanes had taken the throne by Pompey s invitation  When he sat on the throne  he saw his son with his secretary in a place inferior to his dignity and fortune  He could not stand to see his son beneath himself  so he arose from his seat and put the crown upon his head  He urged him to go up to the throne  The young man immediately started weeping and his body trembled and the crown fell to the ground  He could not bring himself to ascend to the throne  Even when his father urged him to receive the kingdom he refused  This matter was not settled until Pompey concurred with his father  Pompey called his son  king and ordered him to take the crown and to sit in the ivory chair   Valer  Max        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4458,"EventTxt":"From there  Pompey went into Coelosyria and Phoenicia which were recently liberated from their kings and invaded by the Arabians and Tigranes  He stayed there although Antiochus tried in vain to recapture them  Pompey subdued them and made them into one province  They received the laws from him and were administered according to the custom of the people of Rome   Xiphilin  ex Dione","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4459,"EventTxt":"Justin         c      Appian in Mithridatic   p      and Porphyrius   in Gracis Eusebianis Scaliger  p      stated that this was Antiochus Pius  the son of Antiochus Cyzicenus  However  the same Appian more correctly in his Syriacis   p            stated that he was Antiochus Asiaticus  the son of Antiochus Pius and Selena    years earlier  either by Lucullus  favour or permission  he was given the kingdom of Syria which Tigranes had abandoned  In Pompey s festivals   which he mentioned on p      while Pompey was busy in other matters  Antiochus kept it for one whole year  This was after Tigranes had most justly surrendered what he had in Syria to the people of Rome  Although in Pompey s presence he desired his father s kingdom  yet Pompey did not give it to him even though he had done nothing against the people of Rome  Indeed  it was an easy matter for so large an army to oppress an unarmed prince  However  another reason was given in that it seemed unfair that after the ancient kings who had been defeated by Tigranes  armies and driven from Syria  that the kingdom should go to the defeated Seleucians rather than the Romans who defeated them  Pompey did not think it was right to give Antiochus that which he was unable to defend from being invaded by the Jews and Arabians   Justin    Appian in places noted above","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4460,"EventTxt":"When Julius Caesar was an aedile  he won the favour of the people and tried through some of the tribunes to get the government of Egypt by an order from the people  There was a reason for this command in that the Alexandrians had driven out their prince who was an associate and friend of the Romans  The senate disallowed this commission by the people because a large number of the nobles opposed it   Sueton  in Julio  c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4461,"EventTxt":"Pompey was called into Egypt by Alexander the second who was expelled  Pompey was to quell some rebellions there  He was presented with many gifts like money and clothes for his whole army  Pompey did not go there either from regard of the envy of his enemies or because of the oracle of Sibyl or for some other reasons   See note on   AM     Appian  Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4462,"EventTxt":"Pompey came to Damascus and went about Coelosyria  At that time  ambassadors came to him from all parts of Syria  Egypt and Judea  At the same time  it appears that the   kings came to him that Plutarch mentions  Josephus mentioned this from Strabo s history   Antiq        c      vv There came from Egypt an embassy with a crown of   crowns of gold  Judea sent a vine or a garden which piece of workmanship was called the Delight  We saw this present at Rome and it was dedicated in the temple of Jupiter Capitoline with this inscription  From Alexander  the king of the Jews  It was valued at   talents","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4463,"EventTxt":"This present was placed by Alexander Jannaeus in the temple at Jerusalem and sent to Pompey by his son Aristobulus  whom Pliny among the Acts of Pompey s Triumphs described like this  It was a square mountain of gold with harts and lions and all kinds of apples with a vine of gold surrounding it   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3939,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3939b AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4464,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors again came from Judea to Pompey  Antipater for Hyrcanus and Nicomedes for Aristobulus  Aristobulus  ambassador complained of Gabinius  that he had received   talents of money and later of Scaurus who had received   talents to become his enemies  Pompey commanded both parties  Hyrcanus and Aristobulus  to appear before him   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4465,"EventTxt":"Afranius came to Syria after the treaty began between Pompey and Phraates  He lost his way as he went and endured much hardship because it was winter and supplies were scarce  He would have died unless he had been rescued by the Macedonian colony of the Carrenses and brought them back   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4466,"EventTxt":"Pompey made his winter quarters at Aspis in Pontus and received into favour all those parts of the country which before were hostile  This we gather from the fragments of Dio         which the reader easily may compare them and deduce that this happened in the consulship of Caesar and Figulus  Pompey did not touch any of Mithridates  concubines who were brought to him and sent them back to their parents and kindred  They were mainly the wives and daughters of rulers and commanders   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4467,"EventTxt":"Dio stated that Stratonix was found in the citadel of Symphori and brought to Pompey  She was the daughter of a musician and one of the king s wives or concubines  She was furious that she was abandoned by Mithridates while he was wandering about Pontus  She sent most of the garrison out for provisions and let the Romans in on this single condition  Pompey would take her son Xiphares prisoner and keep him in safety for his mother  She knew of a large treasury that was hidden underground which consisted mainly of many brass vessels bound about with hoops of iron  She told Pompey where it was  He only selected the items he thought would give most splendour to the temple and to his triumph  He gave the rest to Stratonix   Plut  Appian  Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4468,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates knew of this  he had her son  Xiphares  to be killed while his mother watched on the other side of the river  He then threw away his body without burial and neglected all piety so that he might make her repent of what she had done   Appian","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4469,"EventTxt":"Pompey also took that almost impregnable citadel  called the New  Mithridates had stored his most valuable things here and Pompey later dedicated these to the capitol   Strabo        p         Pompey took many of Mithridates  most secret records from there which he freely examined to determine the extent of Mithridates  numbers and his wealth   Plutarch   Among them there were also some physical inventions of Mithridates which Pompey ordered Lenaeus  a learned grammarian  to translate into Latin   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4470,"EventTxt":"Phraates sent ambassadors to Pompey by whom he complained of the wrongs he had received  Pompey kept Tigranes the younger as prisoner and Phraates desired that his son in law might be returned  He assumed the Euphrates River was the extent of his empire and he warned Pompey of crossing it  Pompey replied that Tigranes ought to be turned over to his father rather than his father in law and he would respect his boundaries   Plut  cum Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4471,"EventTxt":"In the spring when Lu  Caesar and C  Figulus were consuls  Phraates made an expedition against Tigranes  He was defeated in one battle but later he defeated his enemy   Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4472,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring  Pompey drew out his forces from their winter quarters and marched into Damascus  On the way  he demolished a citadel in Apamia which Antiochus Cyzicenus had fortified  Pompey also attacked the country of Ptolemy Mennaeus who was no less dangerous than Dionysius Trioplitanus who was allied to him and beheaded  Ptolemy paid  alents and redeemed himself  Pompey distributed this among his soldiers  He also destroyed the citadel of Lysias whose governor was Silas a Jew  After that he marched by Heliopolis and Chalcis and crossed the middle of the mountain  he came into Coelosyria and from Pella and arrived at Damascus   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4473,"EventTxt":"There he listened to the Jews and to Hyrcanus and Aristobulus  their princes  They were at odds with each other as their country was with both of them  In their ancient laws  the Jews have a precept that they should give obedience to the priests of God and refused to be governed by kings  These two were of the priestly line but planned to change the government and bring the people into servitude  Hyrcanus complained that his younger brother  had taken most of the country by force and invaded and usurped it  On land he had made hostile invasions on his borders and at sea he had harbours for his pirates  There were above   of the leaders of the Jews whom Antipator had persuaded to confirm what he said was true  On the other side  Aristobulus pleaded that Hyrcanus was removed for his sloth and he was held in general contempt among the people of his own country  He had taken the government by necessity  lest it might have been transferred to some other family  He called to attest this  some insolent young men who offended everybody by the fineness of their cloths  the exactness of their hair and their other accoutrements  Their dress was much more proper had they come to a triumph rather than a court   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4474,"EventTxt":"Pompey heard their cases and rebuked the violence of Aristobulus  He dismissed them peaceably with this promise  that he would come himself into their country as soon as he had settled the affairs of the Nabataei  In the meantime he urged them to be peaceful and treated Aristobulus with great civility lest if he were provoked  he would oppose Pompey s journey  However  he gained no favour from Aristobulus  who had arrayed himself with as much splendour as was possible  He did not like the way he was treated and thought it intolerable to endure anything beneath the majesty of a king  He left Diospolis and went to the town of Delius  From there  he went to Judea to order his own affairs   Joseph        c       Belli     I e","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4475,"EventTxt":"When Alexander the  nd was driven from Egypt  he went to Tyre and died there  In his will  he left his kingdom of Egypt to the people of Rome  Cicero on his first speech that he made the first day of his consulship said this about that  vv The Decemvirs say  that which was often spoken by many  that Alexander the king had in his last will  left his kingdom to the Romans  The Egyptian wanted to give Alexandria to those privately whom you did oppose publicly and fought with in battle","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4476,"EventTxt":"In his second speech  he said more fully  vv What about Alexandria and all Egypt  how secretly doth it lie  How privately is it kept  How obscurely reported to the Decemviri  Which of you are ignorant that it is said that kingdom was by Alexander s last will conferred on the Romans  In this case I  though a Roman consul  am so far from determining anything  that I withhold my opinion  For it seems to me no small matter  not only to judge  but to speak of this thing  I see him that will assert the making of the will  I suppose there still are records in the senate concerning their possession of their heritage  After that time when Alexander died  we sent ambassadors to Tyre for the restitution of the money that was disposed by us  This I remember I have often heard L  Philippus affirm in the senate  It is granted almost by all sides  that he  who at this time rules   Ptolemy Auletes  is neither of the royal family nor the honour of a king  On the other side it is said there is no will and that the people of Rome ought not to appear covetous of every kingdom  It was the richness of the fool  and the plenty of all things that attracted the people there  Concerning so great an affair  P  Ruffus  with the rest of the his colleagues on the Decemviri will judge","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4477,"EventTxt":"It is also reported that when M  Crassus  who was the censor and tried to make Egypt a tributary to the people of Rome  strongly opposed Lutatious Catulus  his colleague in his censorship  The dissention became so sharp that they voluntarily laid down their office and power   Plutarch in Crasso","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4478,"EventTxt":"Pompey wanted to recover Syria and so to pass through Arabia to the Red Sea  In his pursuit of the Albani he had extended the Roman Empire almost to the Hyrcanian  or Caspian  Sea  just as in the west the Roman Empire was bounded by the Atlantic  Likewise in his conquest in the east  he wanted to extend it to the Red Sea  He saw much difficulty in taking Mithridates for he was more troublesome in his flight than when he stood and fought him  He hoped to starve him out by having his ships intercept merchants who traded into the Bosphorus with Mithridates  He threatened them with death if he captured them helping Mithridates  Then Pompey took most of his army and he started his journey   Plutarch in Pompeio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4479,"EventTxt":"He invaded Coelosyria and Phoenicia  First he overran the Ituraeans and Arabians   Appian  p     Iutrop        Oros        c      who lived in the hilly country around Libanus and invaded and plundered their neighbours  Their retreats were very strongly fortified  On the hills were Sinna  Borrhama and other strongholds  In the valleys were Botrys  Gigartus besides a port by the sea side  There was a citadel on a mountain called the face of God  Pompey dismantled it and overran Biblus or Palaebiblus which was a country of Cinyrae  He freed it by cutting off the governor s head   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4480,"EventTxt":"After Afranius had subdued the Arabians near Amanus  he came down to Syria which had no king  He subdued it and made it a Roman province   Strabo        p      He received a sum of money from Antioch and enfranchised their city but left them to the use their own laws   Porphyrie in Gracis Eusebianis Scaligeri  p      He indulged the citizens of Antioch and restored the place of their public confession which was in decay  He respected them greatly since they traced their lineage from the Athenians   Johan  Malela Antiochenus  in Chronico","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4481,"EventTxt":"He gave Seleucea  Pieria  a very strong city  which was adjacent to Antioch  its liberty because it had refused to admit Tigranes   Strabo        p     Eutrop         He released the hostages from Antioch  He gave to the Daphnenses a certain parcel of a field for the enlargement of their grove  This place was delightfully pleasant and had plenty of water   Eutrop         Strabo noted that the grove was   miles in circumference and well watered with springs         p      Sextus Rufus in Breviario wrote that Pompey consecrated this grove of the Daphnenses and enlarged it  Jerom added in his commentary on Ezekiel   that it was planted by Pompey s orders by the hands of his soldiers  In his chronicle  he said it was consecrated to Apollo which if spoken of the new trees that were added  may be true   See not on   AM      see note on  a AM   concerning the old grove","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4482,"EventTxt":"Cato Minor was in Syria and was later called Uticensis  He was a philosopher of the sect of the stoics  Although he was a young man he was held in great esteem  Because of the great friendship between his father and him  he was invited to Syria by Dejotares king or tetrarch of the Galatari  He travelled through Asia and observed the manners  customs and strength of every province he passed through  He always walked on foot while his friends who accompanied him  rode  He came to see Antioch in Pompey s absence and saw a great throng of people in white before the gate  The men were on one side of the way and the children on the other  He thought this ceremony was for him  Therefore he odered his friends to get off their horses and walk with him  As they approached  an old man who ordered and commanded the whole multitude approached and carried in his hand a rod and a crown  He talked first to Cato and without so much as greeting him  he inquired how Demetrius was and when he would come there  Demetrius had been Pompey s servant but was freed and because he had much influence with Pompey  he was reverenced by everybody  Cato s friends burst out laughing  Cato cried out  O miserable city  and passed on without any other answer  As often as he remembered it  he started laughing at himself   Plutarch in Pompey    Cato Minor","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4483,"EventTxt":"When Tigranes the Armenian was defeated by Phraates the Parthian  he requested help from Pompey who was then in Syria  Phraates presently sent ambassadors to Pompey and accused both the Romans and Tigranes so earnestly that they made Pompey both afraid and ashamed  So he did not help Tigranes nor  although many urged him to  he did not wage war later with Phraates  He said he had no commands from the people of Rome for that expedition and that Mithridates was still at large  For the present he was contented that Tigranes should meet with misfortune at last  He extenuated Phraates accusations and did not refute them  He hoped to get some difference between him and Tigranes about their boundaries  This worked and he promised to send   commissioners who would judge the matter  Pompey sent them and they were received as arbitrators by the kings and settled all differences between them  Tigranes was angry that he did not get help from the Romans  However  Phraates wanted Tigranes to be safe  He would need his help if things came so about in the future against the Romans  It was obvious to both of them that whoever overcame the other  he was certain to have a fight with the Romans and more easily to fall into their power  When they considered this  they made peace   Dio          Plutarch    Appian  p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4484,"EventTxt":"While Pompey was thus occupied  Mithridates went around Pontus and took over Panticapaeum which was a market town in Europe at the mouth of the Pontic River   Appian  p      He sent also ambassadors to Pompey who was in Syria  Pompey did not know if Mithridates was still alive  They promised that if Pompey would restore him his father s kingdom again  he would become tributary to the people of Rome  When Pompey urged that the king should come to him as Tigranes had done  he refused to come  He said this was not suitable to Mithridates but he said he would send his sons and others of his friends   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4485,"EventTxt":"After these things  Mithridates summoned all people indiscriminately as servants as well as free  He made also a great supply of arms  arrows and other engines  He spared nothing  not even their oxen for the plowing  These he killed that he might have their nerves for strings for their bows  He laid a tax also on all the people which was raised but did great harm to many although Mithridates was unaware of that  He was at that time troubled with a certain ulcerous disease in his face  No one could see him but the eunuch that was his doctor  He was finally cured  His army was ready at the same time and consisted of   companies each of them containing   men and a numerous multitude of ships and places of convenience which his commanders had fortified while he was sick  He carried part of his army to Phanagorium  another town located in the mouth of the river too  so that on all sides he might secure the pass  All this time  Pompey was in Syria   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4486,"EventTxt":"In Bosphorus  while Mithridates was celebrating to Ceres  there was suddenly violent earthquake which was the greatest in the memory of man  and destroyed many cities and damaged the fields greatly   Dio        Oros        c      This was not the same earthquake that Justin ex Trago mentioned which killed     men and destroyed many cities in Syria  The prognosticators said this sign predicted a great change in affairs   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4487,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Castor that was commander in chief for Mithridates in Phanagoriam  killed Tripho the king s eunuch by whom he had been previously abused as he was entering into the town  After this he stirred up the people to fight for their liberty  He led them against the citadel that was held by Artaphernes and the rest of Mithridates  children  They got wood and other combustible things together from all places and set the citadel on fire  This forced Artaphernes  Darius  Xerxes  Oxathres  and Eupatia  the children of Mithridates to surrender  Among these  Artaphernes was the only personwho was   years old  The rest were attractive youths  Cleopatra another daughter stood out against them  Her generosity delighted her father  Mithridates sent a squadron of galleys and rescued her  After Castor controlled the citadel  he sent the children to the Romans   Appian  p        Oros        c","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4488,"EventTxt":"Those citadels which were nearby and recently taken by Mithridates  followed the bad example of the Phanagorenses and also revolted  These were at Chersonessus  Theudosia  Nymphaeum and other places about Pontus that were good military positions   Appian","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4489,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was very angry and killed some of the renegades that he had taken and also many of his friends including Exipodras  one of his children   Dio        Oros        c      Mithridates saw their great problems and suspected the entire army because they were forced and under extraordinary taxes  He thought the adversity of his fortune would always be in the minds of a mutable and constrained people  Therefore he sent his eunuchs to the princes of Scythia  to ask about marrying their daughters  He wanted them to come quickly with their forces to his relief  They were escorted by   soldiers and had not gone far from Mithridates  when the soldiers killed the eunuchs  They did this because the eunuchs had great authority with the king and had been always troublesome to them  After this they carried the ladies to Pompey   Appian","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4490,"EventTxt":"Pompey left Syria and crossed into Asia where he furthered his ambition  He did the very thing that he had so much reprehended Lucullus for  While Mithridates still controlled the Bosphorus and had gathered a very considerable army  Pompey disposed of several provinces and conferred gifts   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4491,"EventTxt":"Livy         stated that he brought Pontus into the form of a province in Mithridates  lifetime  It was added to Galatia and divided into eleven regions and was called Bithynia   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4492,"EventTxt":"Pompey captured Mithridatium from Pontus and gave it to Bogodiatorus   Strabo        p      He made Archelaus  son of that Archelaus who was in honour with Sulla and the senate   See note on   AM <   the chief priest of Luna  She was a goddess of the Comana in Pontus  Pompey restored the princely dynasty and added to the sacred revenue of that office the quantity of two schoeni or   stadii  about     miles  of land  He ordered the inhabitants of Comana to obey Archelaus  Hence he was their prince  and the chief lord of all the priests of that temple  More than   lived in the city  He did not have the power to sell them   Strabo        p             p       Appian  p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4493,"EventTxt":"Appian stated that Attalus had the kingdom of Paphlagonia given to him by Pompey   Appian  p      Eutropius said it was given to Attalus and Polaemenes and Sextus Rufus and Jornandes state that on his deathbed  Polaemenes left the kingdom of Paphlagonia to the people of Rome  Pompey gave Armenia  the Less  to Dejotares  the king of Galatia  or rather tetrarch  because he was an ally in the Mithridatic war   Eutrop         Pompey thought Dejotares was the best friend the Romans had   Cicero in Philippica     Therefore Pompey gave to him Godolonite  part of Pontus and all to Pharnacia and Trapezunte  the Colchi to Armenia  the Less  and declared him king of that region  Before he had by inheritance from his father  the tetrarch of the Tolistoborgians of Galatia   Strabo        p      Pompey left Galatia to the tetrarchs of his family   Strabo       p     cf  Appian  p      A little later  it came into the hands of three only  then of the two  and last of all into the sole power of Dejotares   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4494,"EventTxt":"After Mithridates had lost most of his children  many citadels and his whole kingdom  he was not discouraged  He did not consider the lowness of his condition when he had also lost his dignity and had no hope of any help from Scythia  He journeyed to the Europian Gauls whom he had befriended before  He hoped to get their help  He planned to go through Scythia and Ister so that with them he might cross the Alps into Italy  He hoped many Italians would join him who also hated the Romans   Flor        c     Appian  p     Dio","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4495,"EventTxt":"The soldiers disliked these grand plans and were afraid of the boldness of the enterprise and the length of the march  They were to fight against men whom they were not able to handle in their own country  They thought Mithridates was in so desperate a condition  that he planned to end his life valiantly than as a defeated man  They stayed with him for a while and quietly let him go on planning because he was no lowly or contemptible prince even under the greatest misfortunes   Appian","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4496,"EventTxt":"Aretas  the king of Arabia Petrea   or the rocky  to the Red Sea  had often previously invaded Syria  The Romans came to help the Syrians and defeated him  However  he still continued the war  Pompey made an expedition against him and his neighbours  Phraates now behaved himself and Syria and Phoenicia were well settled   Dio         The soldiers were not all that happy about this expedition for they thought they should be going after Mithridates who was their old enemy and was now recruiting his forces  He was prepared to march through Scythia and Panonia to invade Italy with an army  However  Pompey was satisfied it was nobler to defeat a warring foe than to take the body of a conquered and fleeing enemy   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4497,"EventTxt":"Before Pompey began his journey  he gave a very noble and handsome burial to the dead that fell under Triarius in that unlucky fight they had with Mithridates in Pontus and whom Lucullus had left unburied  Aretas  who before condemned the Roman arms  now was terrified and wrote to Pompey that he would do whatever he would command  However  Pompey  to better know his true feelings  attacked Petra   Plutarch   He easily defeated the king and his allies and delivered them to custody  Dio        after he captured their city Petra   Oros        c      Although Josephus wrote that he did not fight them and went to fight Aristobulus  Plutarch stated that when he was gone a little from Petra  he heard the news of Mithridates  death and he returned from Arabia and came to Amisus","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4498,"EventTxt":"When P  Servilius Rullus  the tribune of the people at Rome assumed his office  he passed the Agrarian law which created a commission of Decemviri  They were to sell or dispose into colonies all the public revenues in Italy and Syria and the land gained by Pompey  This law was passed in January which  as the year then went at Rome happened on the beginning of the Julian October  This happened when Cicero became consul  He spoke against Ruffus and freed all from the general fear they were in of that Law   Cicero in    Agraria          ad Attic  ep     cum Plut  in Cicero","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4499,"EventTxt":"The Decemviri had the power to sell  VV A  those lands which Mithridates had possessed in Paphlagonia  Pontus and Cappadocia","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4500,"EventTxt":"In his second Agrarian speech before the people  Cicero reprehended the injustice of that popular decree in this way  vv Is it so  without any law made  without the vote of the emperor  before the war is ended  when King Mithridates lost his army and is expelled from his kingdom  yet he makes his attempts in the remotest regions and is defended by the rabble and the difficulty of the way and the height of the mountains from the invincible army of Cn  Pompey  while the emperor is engaged in the war and in those very places the name of a war remains  Will the Decemviri sell those lands  which by the custom of our ancestors  ought to remain in the power and at the disposal of Cnius Pompey","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4501,"EventTxt":"L  Valerius Flaccus  who was the praetor at Rome  was sent as praetor into Asia  His office in Asia was for one year  Quitus Cicero was the  th that held it as Mareus Cicero  his brother  witnessed in his speech accusing this Flaccus of bribery","YearBCAD":-65,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3940,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4649,"Dating":"3940a AM, 4649 JP, 65 BC"}
{"Index":4502,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces plotted against Mithridates  He was his best beloved son and whom he had often appointed his heir in the kingdom  He did this either because he thought the Italian expedition would permanently alienate the Romans or from some other cause or for covetousness  Those who were guilty in the plot were put to the rack  However Menophanes persuaded Mithridates to pardon his son   Appian   Dio  as Salianus notes  said nothing of the pardon and stated that men were sent to take Pharnaces whom he persuaded to join his party  After they had taken Panticapaeum  they captured his father  He also noted that although Mithridates was otherwise a very wise king  he never considered that arms and multitudes of his subjects are of little value without their good will and love  On the contrary if they are unfaithful  there is the least safety where the greatest numbers are  Appian made the same observation","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4503,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces knew that the soldiers were very much against the expedition into Italy  At night  he went to those Romans that had defected to Mithridates and told them of the great danger of their crossing into Italy which they well knew  He promised them great matters if they would stay and he persuaded them to defect from his father  Presently  in the same night  he sent messengers to other nearby tents and persuaded them also to join him  In the morning  first the Italian fugitives and then all the other adjoining camps talked about this and so did the naval forces  With a great shout  they proclaimed their defection  They were not told beforehand of this nor were bribed  They were either induced by the example of so many whom they saw they could not withstand or were overcome by the extremity of the old king s misfortune","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4504,"EventTxt":"When Mithridates heard the shout of the army  he sent some to know what they wanted  They were told they wanted his son to be king  They wanted a young man instead of an old one who was fond of eunuchs and who caused the death of many sons  captains and friends  When Mithridates heard this  he went out to speak to them himself  Many of his guard defected to the fugitives  They were not received unless they would do something to show their unfaithfulness to the king  They showed them Mithridates  horse which was killed as he was fleeing  They now greeted Pharnaces as king as if they had obtained their heart s desire  Some of them took a very large skin of parchment which they had brought from the temple and put it around his head instead of a diadem","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4505,"EventTxt":"The old man saw this from the upper porch and sent one after another to Pharnaces to request a safe passage for him but none returned  He feared lest he might be turned over to the Romans  He praised those men and his friends that still stood by him and sent them to the new king  Some were killed by the army on the way  contrary to all expectations   Appian   When he had begged from the walls his son in vain and saw him unbending  Mithridates is said to have uttered these words when he was about to die  vv O country gods  if you so grant that at some time or another  he may receive the same words from his children","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4506,"EventTxt":"He went to his wives and concubines and gave them poison   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4507,"EventTxt":"Two virgin daughters that were brought up with him  Mithridatis and Nissa and were betrothed to the king of Egypt and Cyprus  earnestly entreated their father that they might drink their poisoned potion before him  They desired for him to wait until they had done this   Appian   However  neither the poison Mithridates always carried about in his sword nor the wound he had given himself with the sword  were sufficient to kill him  Although he walked about most strenuously so that the poison would spread itself through his veins and might act more quickly  nothing happened  He had vaccinated his body against poison with daily preservative medicines  which to this day are called Mithridatica  His sword wound was poorly executed because of his age  his present distresses and the partial effect of the poison  He had not killed himself but still lingered  The wall was now broken down and Bitoetus or Bithocus  a soldier and Gaul wandered about  He was terrified by the majesty of his countenance  Mithridates called him back and caused the soldier s trembling hand to put an end to his life   Dio        cf  Livy        Flor        c     Valer  Max        c     Pliny       c     Justin        c     A Gelloi        c     Appian  p     Aurel  Vict  de Vir  Illust  c       Oros        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4508,"EventTxt":"Thus Mithridates ended his life at Panticapaeum in Bosphorus Cimmerius  vv A man neither to be passed over in silence  nor to be spoken of without respect  He was most valiant in war  of outstanding virtue  greatest  sometimes in fortune  but always in control  He was a most discreet general and an excellent soldier of his troops   Velleius Paterculus       c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4509,"EventTxt":"Cicero  in his Lucullus  called him  vv The greatest king after Alexander","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4510,"EventTxt":"Because of these eulogies  I have been as careful about recording his life as I was about Alexander","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4511,"EventTxt":"Orosius wrote thus of the time of the Mithridatic war         c     fin   vv The Mithridatic war  or rather the end of the Mithridatic war which involved many provinces  was carried on for   years  For it began in the  nd year after the foundation of Rome  as I said before         c      in the same year as the first civil war began  This was in the consulship of Cicero and Antony   that I may use the words of that excellent poet  Lucan    Barbarico vix consummata veneno vv Scarcely ended by the barbaric poison of Mithridates  In this time there are found   years of that war  Why most write    is not easy to know","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4512,"EventTxt":"We read in Justin         c      that Mithridates warred with the Romans for   years  Appian  in the beginning of his Mithridatics   p      said that the Mithridatic war lasted   years   in Syriac  p       Mithridatics  p      Floras        c      agrees with Appian  However Eutropius         only allows   years  In Pliny         c      the title placed by Pompey in the temple of Minerva showed that this war lasted only   years  From the beginning of the first Mithridatic war to the death of Mithridates is only   years  This includes those years of the peace between the two wars  So that the war may be said to last   years to make it a round figure  Cicero  Orat  in L  Pisonem   in his consulship hinted that he defended C  Rabirius   years earlier  who was guilty of treason  for the murder of Saturninus by the authority of the senate  Dio         more accurately said this happened   years before  For more information consult that Pisconian speech by Asconius Pedianus","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4513,"EventTxt":"At that time when Pompey was in Judea  he was angry with Aristobulus and marched against him  Hyrcanus urged him to do this  He went with the Roman legions and with the auxiliaries that he raised in Damascus  and in other parts of Syria  He went through Pella and Scythopolis and came to Coreae near the border of Judea toward the Mediterranean  He learned that Aristobulus had fled into Alexandrion  a good citadel that was located on the top of an hill  He summoned Aristobulus to come to him  He was persuaded by many of his friends not to start a war against the Romans and he came to Pompey  After he discussed his title with his brother Hyrcanus about the kingdom  Pompey gave him permission to retire to his citadel again  He did this   or   times and always flattered Pompey  He hoped to get the kingdom and feigned that he would obey Pompey in all things  In the meanwhile  he returned and fortified the citadel  He prepared for war  for fear lest the kingdom should be given to his brother Hyrcanus   Joseph  Belli        Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4514,"EventTxt":"Pompey commanded Aristobulus to surrender the citadels and he wrote to the governors concerning this  They would not have obeyed him  unless the letters had been written with Aristobulus own hand  Aristobulus submitted  but in discontent  he went to Jerusalem  He fully intended to prepare for war  Pompey immediately followed him with his army and thought it best not to give him any time for preparation   Joseph  Belli        Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4515,"EventTxt":"As Pompey was marching near Jericho  a messenger came and told him that Mithridates was killed by his son Pharnaces   Joseph  Belli        Antiq        c      Those who brought the news wreathed their javelins  heads with laurels  There was no high place for Pompey to speak to the soldiers  The camp was made with turfs that were cut and laid one on top of another  Hence they made a mound  Pompey ascended this mound and told his soldiers that Mithridates had killed himself and that Pharnaces had reserved all things for himself and the Romans   Plutarch in Pompey","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4516,"EventTxt":"Thereupon the army greatly rejoiced and spent their time in sacrificing and feasting as if by Mithridates death  had died huge numbers of their enemies  Pompey was very glad that he had put an end to all Mithridates  acts and expeditions much easier than he thought he would   Plutarch in Pompey  For Mithridates had worried Pompey so much that although he conquered all his kingdom  he did not think the war was over as long as Mithridates was alive   Cicero  pro Murena   Lucan mentions Pompey bragging about this  Skulking about Pontus  and while he watched to bring Ruin to the Romans that untamed king  With better luck than Sulla  I ve made to die","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4517,"EventTxt":"Pompey first camped at Jericho where there was most excellent dates and balsam which was the most precious of all ointments  The next morning he marched toward Jerusalem  Aristobulus was sorry for what he had done and came and met him  He promised him money and that he would surrender himself and the city to him  He only desired that there would be no war and that things would be settled peaceably  Pompey pardoned him and sent Gabinius with the soldiers to receive the money  They returned without either for Aristobulus  soldiers would not honour his promise  Pompey became very angry and committed Aristobulus to custody  He marched in person against the city  It was strongly fortified except toward the north side which was easiest to be battered   Joseph  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4518,"EventTxt":"The citizens within the city were divided  Those that sided with Hyrcanus  said that the city should be surrendered to Pompey  Many agreed who feared the determination of the Romans  However  Aristobulus  side ordered the gates to be shut and to prepare for war because Pompey held the king prisoner  These first seized the temple and cut down the bridge by which they went into the city  They stood prepared to fight  Hyrcanus  party received the army within the city and turned over to Pompey the city and the king s palace  Pompey committed these to Piso  his lieutenant who fortified the houses and other buildings that were near the temple  First he offered the besieged conditions of peace  When they refused  Pompey prepared for a general assault and was helped by Hyrcanus in all matters   Joseph  Bell        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4519,"EventTxt":"Pompey camped on the north side of the city  which was the easiest to attack  There were also high towers and a handmade ditch in addition to a deep valley which was around the temple  All places around the city went down quite steeply especially where the bridge was taken away and on the side where Pompey camped  However  the Romans raised mounts daily and cut down trees around there  They filled up the trench with materials that the soldiers brought  The work was very difficult because the trench was so deep and the Jews fought from above   Joseph  Bell        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4520,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated that if the Jews had not observed the sabbath  the Romans could not have finished the mounts for the Jewish resistance  For the law permitted the Jews to defend themselves against an attacking enemy but not to hinder any work that the enemy does  This is not a written law but received by tradition from their doctors  When the Romans knew the way the Jews acted on the sabbath  they did not shoot any arrows against the Jews nor fought with them in any way  They only erected their mounts and towers and planted their engines so that they might use them on the next day against the Jews   Joseph  Antiq        c      King Agrippa  Joseph  Bell         said that Pompey especially chose those days to carry on the war to prevent the Jews from attacking them on their sabbath","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4521,"EventTxt":"Pompey s letters were read in the senate concerning the death of Mithridates and the end of that war  Cicero  the consul  proposed that there was to be a procession for   days decreed for Pompey   Cicero  de provinciis Consularibus   The Romans kept these festival days  to celebrate being freed from a great enemy   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4522,"EventTxt":"Titus Ampius and Titus Labienus  who were the tribunes of the people  proposed a law that Pompey should wear a laurel crown and the triumphal clothes in the Circensian and Scenical plays  He only wore the purple gown and a laurel crown once in these plays   Vellei  Patercul        c     Dio","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4523,"EventTxt":"At Jerusalem the trench was being filled and the tower fitted upon the mounts  The engines from Tyre were placed and the Romans shot huge stones and battered the temple stones  However  the towers were exceeding strong and beautiful and endured the assaults of the besiegers  The Romans were very tired and Pompey wondered at the faithfulness of the Jews  Among others  he especially marvelled at their constantly observing the whole service of God amid all their enemies  attacks as if they were at peace  All the time of the attacks  they performed the daily sacrifices  Twice a day  the priests in the morning and at the  th hour offered sacrifices on the altar  They did not stop their sacrifices no matter what happened   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4524,"EventTxt":"The Latin Feriae were held at Rome   This feast was not on a set day but appointed by the magistrates   At this feast  a comet appeared and the moon was eclipsed on the  th day of the Julian November    hours after midnight  Concerning this  Cicero in the second book of his consulship mentions in these verses  When Albans snowy heaps thou viewdst  and when With glad milk the Latina celebratedst  then Comets of fire did tremble in thy sight  And thou a conflict fancydst in the night  Which time scarce escaped inauspic  when The moon withdrew her light and sight from men  And on a sudden left a starry night","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4525,"EventTxt":"In the  rd month of the siege of Jerusalem  the largest tower fell after being shaken by the many batteries of the ram  A large part of the wall fell with it  Through this breach large numbers of the enemy broke into the temple  The first man who climbed the wall  was Cornelius Faustus the son of Sulla  with his band of soldiers  Immediately after him  came the centurion Furius with his regiment and between them both  the centurion Fabius with a valiant band of his soldiers  These surrounded the temple while some fought to hide themselves  Others made some resistance and were killed  Although many priests saw the enemies rushing in with their drawn swords  they were not at all dismayed and continued their sacrifices  They were slain even while they offered and burned incense in the temple  They preferred to observe their religious duty rather than save their own lives   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4526,"EventTxt":"All the places were full of the dead  Some of the Jews were killed by the Romans and others by their own countrymen of the opposing faction  Many threw themselves headlong down the rocks  Others set their houses on fire and burnt themselves alive  They could not endure to behold those things that were done by the enemy  About     Jews died  Very few of the Romans were killed but many wounded  Among the captives was Absalom  the uncle and father  in law of Aristobulus and the son of John Hyrcanus  Josephus  Josephus  Antiq        c      wrote that he was honoured by Alexander Jannaeus because he was contented to live a private life   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4527,"EventTxt":"The temple was taken on the fast day when C  Antonius and M  Tullius Cicero were consuls in the  th Olympiad   Josephus  Antiq         c      Eusebius  Eusebius  Demponstrat  Evangel         c       stated that it was at the start of the year in the holy fast of the  rd month on which the city was later taken by Sosius   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult   It is to be taken for the  rd month of the civil year which started in the autumn according to the Hebrews and other eastern accounts   Josephus  Antiq  init  c       Jerom  in the beginning of Ezekiel  That is it was the  rd month of the Syrians called by them  the Former Canun and by the Hebrews Chisleu  It was on the  th day of this month the Jews  even to this very day  keep a fast in memory of the sacred roll being burnt by wicked Jehoiakim  Jer          See note on   AM      This fast was appointed for the first taking of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar when the Jews began first to serve the Babylonians  Peritrope noted that on the same day of the same month  the temple was taken after   years by Pompey when the Jews began to serve the Romans  Again   years later  it was taken by Sosius when they began to serve Herod the Idumaean and his posterity  The  th day of the month Chisleu corresponds to the  th day of the Julian December this year and  which also is worth noting  it was on a Saturday or the Jewish sabbath when the temple was taken by assault  Dio notes that this was reckoned the  th year from the  th of the Greek empire  in which it is read that the yoke of the heathen was taken away from Israel  APC IMa     From this  it may be gathered how short a time they enjoyed their liberty","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4528,"EventTxt":"Pompey and many others entered the temple and saw those things that were not lawful to be seen by any but the high priest  In the temple there was the table  candlesticks  with the lamps  all vessels for sacrifice  the censers all of gold and an huge pile of spices  In the treasuries of sacred money they found about   talents  Pompey did not touch any of this but on the next day he ordered them that had the charge of the temple to purify and cleanse it and to offer their solemn sacrifices to God   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4529,"EventTxt":"Pompey restored the high priesthood to Hyrcanus because he had readily helped him in the siege and he had hindered the Jews that were in the whole country from joining with Aristobulus   Joseph  Bell     I e     Antiq        c      Pompey also gave him the kingdom but forbid him to wear a crown  From this time plus the previous   years in which he was high priest during the reign of his mother Alexandra  he was the high priest for another   and an half years   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4530,"EventTxt":"Pompey put to death those that were the main cause of the war and gave great honours and rewards to Faustus and others who first had ascended the wall   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-64,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4650,"Dating":"3941a AM, 4650 JP, 64 BC"}
{"Index":4531,"EventTxt":"Pompey made the Jews tributary to the Romans  Josephus  Antiq         c       Eusebius  Chron  Sever  Sulpic  Histor  Sacr         and he took away the cities which they had previously conquered in Coleosyria  He ordered them to obey their own governors and reduced the boundaries of the country to their ancient bounds  As a favour to Demetrius of Gadara  a libertine of his   of whose insolence  Plutarch mentions  Plutarch  in Pompey   he rebuilt Gadara which the Jews had previously destroyed  He restored the inhabitants to their inland cities of Hippon  Scythopolis  Pella  Dion  Samaria  Marissa  Azotus  Jamnia and Arathusa  He did not restore the inhabitants to any city that was destroyed  He did the same with the coastal towns of Gaza  Joppe  Dora and the town of Straton  It was later magnificently rebuilt by Herod and called Caesarea  Pompey set at liberty these cities and annexed all of them to the province of Syria   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4532,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated   Josephus  Antiq         c      Hyrcanus and Aristobulus through their quarrelling and dissentions  were the cause of this calamity to the inhabitants of Jerusalem  For at that time  we first began to lose our liberty and were made subject to the government of the Romans  In addition  we were forced to surrender to the Syrians that country we had recently taken from them in war  Also the Romans have exacted from us more than     talents in a short time","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4533,"EventTxt":"After this Josephus affirms  Josephus  Antiq         c      that Crassus alone took so much from the temple  He may be understood to speak here of the tributes and taxes imposed on the people","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4534,"EventTxt":"It is interesting to compare what Josephus wrote with other non  Jewish historians about Pompey s action against the Jews  Cicero  in whose consulship these things happened is the main writer  We found this testimony of Pompey s restraint   Cicero  Pro Flacco  When C  Pompey had taken Jerusalem  he removed nothing from that temple  As in all things  first he acted most wisely in this  In so large and rebellious a city  he permitted no place for the speeches of slanderous detractors  I think the religion of the Jews was no offence  but a shame to this excellent emperor","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4535,"EventTxt":"As much as could be expected from a heathen  he made a comparison between the Roman and the Jewish religion in this manner  Every city has its particular religion and we have ours  While Jerusalem stood and the Jews were at league with us  their religion did abhor the splendour of the sacred rites of our empire  the majesty of our name and the institutions of our ancestors  Now  which is more  that nation showed their opinion of us by their arms  it is sufficiently obvious how dear they are to the immortal gods in that they are conquered  farmed and made servants","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4536,"EventTxt":"From Titus Livy   Livy         we find this  Cn  Pompey subdued the Jews and took their temple  which until that time had been undamaged","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4537,"EventTxt":"Unless we should think that Eutropius and Orosius  as they did in many other parts of their histories  borrowed this from him  Eutropius  Eutropius         stated this     passing over against the Jews  the  rd month he took Jerusalem  the capital of the country      Jews were killed and the rest were taken into league","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4538,"EventTxt":"Orosius  Orosius        c       wrote that Pompey went from Petra in Arabia against the Jews  vv over whom Aristobulus reigned after he expelled his brother  Hyrcanus  who was the first king of a priest","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4539,"EventTxt":"This shows that he took this part of his history not from Josephus but someone less knowledgable in the Jewish affairs  In spite of this  he accurately relates what Pompey did  vv He sent Gabinius with an army to Jerusalem  their city  He presently came later and was received into the city by the chief elders  He was driven from the walls of the temple by the common people and he planned to take it  The place was well fortified by its natural location and surrounded by a very large wall  Notwithstanding one legion after another  night and day  without stopping attacked the walls  He took   months to capture it  Finally after much trouble  he captured it       Josephus and Eutropius have      Jews were killed and the rest made a truce  Pompey ordered the walls of the city to be levelled to the ground  After he had beheaded some princes of the Jews  he restored Hyrcanus to the high priesthood and brought Aristobulus as a prisoner to Rome","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4540,"EventTxt":"Strabo  Strabo         wrote  vv When Judea was now openly oppressed with tyranny  Alexander was the first who had made himself king instead of priest  His sons  Hyrcanus and Aristobulus fought for the government  Pompey came in and deposed and demolished their bulwarks and first took Jerusalem by force  That wall was all of stone and well guarded  Inside they were well supplied with water  but outside  it was very dry  It had a ditch cut in the rock    feet deep  and   feet wide  The walls of the temple were made of the stone that were cut out from the ditch  Pompey took it  as it is reported  by taking the opportunity of a fast day  in which they abstained from all manner of labours  When he had filled the ditch  he crossed the wall by his scaling ladders  He commanded all the walls to be demolished  and as much as he could  destroyed all the places of robbers and all those places where the tyrant s treasures were stored  Two of them were located in the entrance in Jericho  Thrax  and Taurus  the rest were Alexandrium  Hyrcanium  Macharus  Lysias  and some places about Philadelphia  Scythopolis also next to Galilee    Strabo        p         Later  Pompey took away some places  that the Jews had captured by force and made Hyrcanus  the high priest   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4541,"EventTxt":"In Lucan   Lucan  Pharsalia        stated that among the other countries that Pompey conquered  that Judah was described thus  To the Arabs and the war like Heniochi tamed And the fleece deprived Colchi I am known  my famed Ensigns the Cappadocians  and the Jews  who adore  An unknown God  and soft Sophene  fear full sore Taurus  Armenia and Cilicia I have subdued","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4542,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  Plutarch  in Pompey  stated  vv He subdued Judea and took their king Aristobulus","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4543,"EventTxt":"Appian  Appian  in Mithridaticis  p     said this  vv He made war upon Aretas  the king of the Arabians of Nabathea  and the Jews also who had revolted from their king  Aristobulus  He took Jerusalem  a city which in their conceit they thought most holy","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4544,"EventTxt":"In Appian  Appian  in Syriacis  p      he stated  vv Only the country of the Jews remained unconquered  whose King Aristobulus  the conquering Pompey  sent to Rome  He overthrew the walls of Jerusalem  the greatest and most holy city in all that country","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4545,"EventTxt":"Cornel  Tacitus   Tacitus  Histories        c      stated  vv Cn  Pompey was the first that conquered the Jews of all the Romans and entered the temple by right of conquest  There was first published that their temple was on the inside without any images and had an empty seat  The walls of Jerusalem were thrown down but the temple stood still","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4546,"EventTxt":"L  Floras   Floras  History        c      said concerning the same  vv Pompey marched through Libanus in Syria and Damascus  He placed the Roman ensigns  He passed through those sweat smelling groves of frankincense and balms  The Arabians were at his service  The Jews were afraid to defend Jerusalem  He also entered and saw openly that grand mystery of that wicked nation as under a sky of beaten gold   Concerning this see  Lypsius  Elector         c       The brothers were at odds about the kingdom and Pompey was made the umpire  He gave the kingdom to Hyrcanus and put irons on Aristobulus for refusing to abide by the agreement","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4547,"EventTxt":"Dio   Dio         in the consulship of M  Tullius Cicero  and C  Antonius  stated  vv Pompey marched into Syria Palestine because their inhabitants had invaded Phoenicia  This country was governed by two brothers  Hyrcanus and Aristobulus  They were at odds with each other at that time about the priesthood of God which is the same as ruling the kingdom with them  One of them filled the city with seditions  Pompey therefore presently  without fighting  conquered Hyrcanus because he had no forces able to resist him  Aristobulus was besieged in a certain citadel and was forced to accept conditions of peace  Since he would neither give him money nor surrender the castle  Pompey cast him into prison and then easily conquered the rest  The taking of Jerusalem caused Pompey much trouble  He easily took the city and was let in by those that favoured Hyrcanus  However  he did not easily take the temple that was seized by them of the opposing faction  It was located on an hill and fortified with a wall of stone  If they had defended it on all days  it would never have been conquered  They did not defend it on Saturdays and because they rested from all work on those days  they gave the Romans the opportunity of overthrowing the wall  For when they observed this custom of the enemies  they did nothing against the wall on the other days  When the week was past and Saturday came  then they started working heartily and took the temple by force  Finally the Jews were overcome and did not defend themselves  Their treasures were taken away and the kingdom was given to Hyrcanus  Aristobulus was carried away prisoner  These things happened at this time in Palestine","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4548,"EventTxt":"While Pompey made war about Judea  Ptolemy  Auletes  maintained   cavalry at his own expense and feasted   guests with as many gold drinking cups  He always changed the cups as they changed the dishes  as Varro relates   Pliny         He was paid annually     talents in tribute from Egypt  as Cicero said in a speech  which is lost    Strabo        p      Although Diodorus Siculus stated that the revenue of Egypt at this time was only   talents","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4549,"EventTxt":"Seleucis in Palestine was built by Pompey   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4550,"EventTxt":"Pompey left the government of Coelosyria to Scaurus  from Euphrates River as far as the borders of Egypt  Pompey departed into Cilicia with two legions and took Aristobulus prisoner with him with his two sons and two daughters   Josephus  Antiq         c      One son called Alexander  escaped on his journey but the younger  called Antigonus with his sisters were carried to Rome   Josephus  Wars        c     fin","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4551,"EventTxt":"Appian wrote that when Pompey left Syria he put his quaester  Scaurus in charge   Appian  in Syriacis  p       Josephus  Wars        p         Josephus added  Josephus  Wars        c     that he gave the government of Syria and Judea  also to Scaurus  Also Ammianus Marcellinus  Ammianus         affirmed this  vv After Pompey had conquered the Jews and taken Jerusalem  he arranged Palestine into the form of a province  he committed its jurisdiction to a governor","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4552,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus retained the name of king but without a crown  He was so dull witted  that the governors of Syria took the power to themselves  They managed the tributes and all other things at their own pleasure in Palestine  This we shall see later in the government of Gabinius","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4553,"EventTxt":"When Cicero and Antonius were consuls  on the  th day before the month of October  Octavian was born to Octavian and his wife  Atia who was sister of C  Julius Caesar   Suetonius  in Octavio  c         Octavian was later called Caesar Augustus and in whose reign our Lord Jesus Christ  the saviour of the world  was born  Lu          Julius Marathus reported that a few months before Augustus was born  a prodigy or oracle happened at Rome and was publicly known  It stated that nature was about to bring forth a king over the people of Rome  The senate was afraid and made a law that no male child that was born that year should be raised  Those whose wives were pregnant objected for everyone thought this sign may apply to their future son  They said this act should not be brought into the treasury and then enrolled  Suetonius  Seutonius  in Octavio  c         confirms his birthday on the  th of the month of October  Augustus agrees with Suetonius in a letter to his nephew Caius   Gellius        c      The new calendar  in Scriptionibus Gruteri      the Narbon stone  in Scriptionibus Gruteri  p       and Dion  Dion          state that he was born on the  rd of September  For in the Julian September of   days  the  th of the month of October is the  rd of September  Although in the Pompilian September which has but   days  it is the  nd of the same month  However  September  as the year was  before the corrections of Julius Caesar  at Rome  happened in June of the Julian period","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4554,"EventTxt":"The Catiline conspiracy broke out at Rome  Q  Martius Rex and Q  Metellus Creticus were both generals in the city  They were both prevented from a triumph by the false accusation of some few  whose custom it was to assail all things whether honest or false    Sallust  in conjuration  Catiline","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4555,"EventTxt":"The Philadelphians calculate their years from the second year of the  th Olympiad   Fasti Siculi  This Philadelphia is not far from Judea concerning which Josephus    Josephus  Wars        c       Strabo        p        notes that around that area was the hang out of thieves  It was captured this year and the thieves taken away by Pompey  This may explain the reason of the first institution of this epoch","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4556,"EventTxt":"Pompey marched around the rest of Cilicia which did not acknowledge the Roman power and subdued it to Roman authority without a fight  Appian  p      except that part which was occupied by the Eleuthero Cilices  Their town was located in the mountain Amanus and they were later conquered by Cicero  the proconsul of Syria","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4557,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces sent to Pompey the body of his father Mithridates preserved in brine  He surrendered to him both himself and his kingdom   Dio         Appian wrote that he sent it to Pompey to Synope in a galley along with those that had taken Manius Aquilius and many Greek and barbarian hostages  Pharnaces desired that he might retain either his father s kingdom or the Bosphorus only which his brother Machan had received from Mithridates  Plutarch says that when Pompey came to Amisus  he found many gifts brought from Pharnaces and many of the royal family  The corpse of Mithridates was not very well known by his face but was known by the scars by them who desired to see that sight  Pompey did not see it but sent it to Synope","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4558,"EventTxt":"Pompey thought that all hostility died with Mithridates and did no harm to the corpse but ordered it to be buried in the sepulchre of his fathers   Dio          He turned the corpse over to them who would take care of it and paid for the funeral  He ordered that it should be royally interred at Synope  He commended Mithridates for the excellence of his exploits as the most famous king of his time   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4559,"EventTxt":"Pompey admired the wonderful rich apparel and the arms he wore  However  Publius stole the scabbard of his sword which cost   talents and sold it to Ariarathes  Caius  the foster brother of Mithridates  privately gave Mithridates  hat of wonderful workmanship  to Faustus  the son of Sulla who begged it from him  Pompey did not know about this but when Pharnaces found out later  he punished those that had done those things   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4560,"EventTxt":"Pompey enrolled Pharnaces and Castor Phanagonasis among the friends and allies of the people of Rome   Appian  p       Dio         He also gave the kingdom of Bosphorus to Pharnaces because he had freed Italy from many difficulties  The Phanagorenses were not given to Pharnaces  Pompey granted them their liberty because they were the first to trouble Mithridates by revolting from him when he was again gathering up his forces and when he had an army and fleet  By their example to others  they were the cause of his downfall   Appian  p      After Pompey left  Pharnaces attacked the Phanagorenses and their neighbours until through famine  they were forced to come out and fight with him and were defeated  He did not harm them and he received them into friendship with him and only took hostages from them   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4561,"EventTxt":"Pompey recovered the citadels in Pontus  They were surrendered personally to Pompey by the garrisons that controlled them because they thought if they turned them over to anyone else the treasure would be looted and they would be held accountable   Dio          The city of Talaura was the place where Mithridates stored his belongings  They found   cups of onyx stone that were fastened together with gold  They also found many cups for hot and cold drinks as well as beds and chairs that were all most splendid  They found bridles for horses and trappings for breasts and shoulders that were all covered with gold and precious stones  The treasurer spent   days recording what was found  Part of the treasure came from Darius  the son of Hystaspes  and was handed down to his successors  Cleopatra had deposited part of the Ptolemy treasure at Cos which Mithridates had carried from there when the citizens handed it over to him  Some of the treasure belonged to Mithridates who was being extremely desirous to have a rich household of stuff    Appian  p","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4562,"EventTxt":"At Rome at the time when consuls are elected  Cicero  the consul  made a speech for Murena who was chosen consul for the following year  He was accused for unlawful bribery for the office  In the speech Cicero says that the army of L  Lucullus  which had come to his triumph  came to help Murena in demanding the consulship  Concerning this triumph  Cicero   Cicero  on Lucullus  mentions this  vv When he returned the conqueror from the Mithridatic war  he triumphed three years later than he ought to have done  through the false accusations of his enemies  We that are consuls  were most honoured to bring in the chariot of that famous man into the city","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4563,"EventTxt":"C  Mummius had set the people of Rome against him  as if he had embeazelled much of the spoils and had protracted the war  Hence he persuaded the people that they should deny Lucullus his triumph  However  the noble men  and those that were most in authority  intermixed with the tribes and they intreated them so much by suit and persuasion that finally they persuaded them to allow Lucullus  triumph   Plutarch  in Lucullus","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4564,"EventTxt":"He made his triumphant entry not burdensome for its long show nor for the number of things that he brought there as many captains had done before him  Instead he outfitted the show place  called Circus Flaminius  with a large number of the enemy s weapons and with the king s battering engines  This was a pleasant sight to see  In their triumph there was a certain company of bravely armed men  ten chariots with scythes  and   friends and captains of the two kings and     long ships that were armed on their prows  Also displayed was a six foot high solid gold statue of Mithridates and a shield set with precious stones  the crown of Trigranes  twenty cupboards of silver plate and   cupboards of golden vessels and armour and coins  These were carried upon men s shoulders  Eight mules carried golden beds    carried silver bullion and   that carried silver coins worth a little less than       drachmas  Moreover  there were books of accounts carried of what he had given to his own soldiers which was   drachmas a piece  Then Lucullus feasted all the cities and villages around there   Plutarch  in Lucullus","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4565,"EventTxt":"After the triumph  an account was given of the Mithridatic war  Lucullus engaged in a lifestyle that was far more magnificent than ancient temperance and behaviour of the Romans of old  He was the first of the Romans that brought in all manner of luxuries after that he had received the riches of the two kings  Tigranes and Mithridates   Nicolaus Damascen  Historiar          Athenaeus        c  ult          c      Velleius Paterculus also confirms that he was the first that brought in the profuse luxury in buildings and household goods   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3941,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3941b AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4566,"EventTxt":"Pompey rebuilt Eupatoria  which Mithridates Eupator had built and called after his own name and destroyed it again because it entertained the Romans  Pompey gave to it lands and inhabitants and called it Magnopolis   Strabo        p       Appian  p      He built Cabira into a city and called it Diopolis   Strabo        p      He appointed laws and statutes for the Bithynians and those of Pontus  Pliny  the praetor of Bithynia  mentioned these in his letter to Trojan   Pliny","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3942a AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4567,"EventTxt":"Pompey marched from Pontus into Asia  properly so called  and wintered at Ephesus   Dio          When he had finished his task on sea and land  he ordered the cities of Asia to furnish him with a fleet  equivalent to the price of L  Sulla s imposition which he described   Cicero  pro Flacco","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3942a AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4568,"EventTxt":"L  Valerius Flaccus  who in the previous year was praetor at Rome  was this year praetor of Asia   Cicero  pro Flacco","YearBCAD":-63,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4651,"Dating":"3942a AM, 4651 JP, 63 BC"}
{"Index":4569,"EventTxt":"About the end of winter  Pompey distributed the rewards to his conquering army  Each received   Attic drachmas   Plutarch confirms that each man received at least that much   The tribunes and centurions received amounts according to their dignity  The total sum of money was calculated to be     talents   Appian  p      He gave to the lieutenants and quaestors that defended the sea coast    festertium s and to each of the soldiers  fifty  if Pliny is correct   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4570,"EventTxt":"When D  Julius Silanus and L  Murena were consuls  Metellus had a triumph for conquering Crete  Eutrop          in the month of June   For as much as we can gather from the fragments of the triumphal marbles   This was in the Julian March  The main attraction of the triumph was the captive captains who Pompey took from him   Velleius Paterculus        c     He took Lasthenes and Panares with the help of one of the common people whom he persuaded to   Dio          However  the triumph of Lucullus and Metellus were much favoured by every good man because of their merit and especially in envy to Pompey  Velleius Paterculus        c      Appian also makes mention of the triumph of Metellus Creticus   Appian  Legat","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4571,"EventTxt":"Cato came to Ephesus to greet Pompey as one that was older and greater in dignity than he  When Pompey saw him come  he would not allow him to come to him as he sat in his seat but went to meet him as one of the chiefest noble men  He took Cato by the hand and embraced and greeted him  He commended Cato in the presence of all men both when he was present and when he was absent  However  Pompey was glad when he was gone as though he could not command freely when he was there  He also commended to Cato the care of his wife and children  Pompey never did this to any others that sailed to Rome although indeed Cato was allied to them   Plutarch  in Cato Minore","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4572,"EventTxt":"Pompey had partly by war overcome many princes and kings  and partly allied them to him by firm conditions of peace  He had taken not less than   cities and rebuilt   cities that were either ruined or destroyed in war  as was Mazaca the head city of Cappadocia  and had enlarged eight cities and countries with colonies  He instructed the most of the countries through Asia that belonged to the Romans in his own laws and ordained a commonwealth for them  Finally  he sailed from Ephesus through the islands and Greece and went toward Italy in very great pomp   Dio          Appian  p       Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4573,"EventTxt":"When Pompey was come to Lesbos  he released the city of all taxes as a favour to Theophanes   Plutarch  in Pompey  For the Mitylenians had surrendered Marius Aquilius and other prisoners  They were granted liberty by Pompey as a favour to Theophanes    Velleius Paterculus        c      This was Balbus Cornelius Theophanes a Mitylenian  a writer of Pompey s deeds  Pompey esteemed him as one of his most intimate friends and made him a citizen of Rome in the presence of the whole army  The Greeks bestowed divine honours on Theophanes when he died   Cicero  pro Archiapoeta   Strabo        p       Valerius Maximus        c       Tacitus  Annals        c       Julius Capitolinus  in Maximo   Balbino","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4574,"EventTxt":"At Mitylene  Pompey saw the poets perform plays  The theme of all the performances was Pompey s deeds and acts  Pompey was very delighted with the theatre and made a plan of it so that he might make a similar one at Rome only larger and more magnificent   Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4575,"EventTxt":"When he came to Rhodes  he heard the sophists dispute and gave each of them a talent  Posidonius had written the disputation he made before Pompey  against Hermagoras the rhetorician about the general question   Plutarch  in Pompey  As Pompey was about to go into Posidonius  house  he forbid his lictor  as the manner was  to knock on the door  and he himself laid down the lictor s rod  at the door  to whom both the east and the west submitted   Pliny        c      Concerning this meeting Cicero  Cicero  Tusculine Questions         relates this based on Pompey s own account  VV I have often seen Posidonius myself but I will tell you what Pompey had often said to me  As he came from Syria and arrived at Rhodes  he intended to hear Posidonius  When he heard that he was very sick and in great pain with the gout  he still wanted to see that famous philosopher  When Pompey had seen him and greeted him  he gave him very good compliments  Pompey told him that he was very sorry that he could not hear him  He replied that he may and would not allow that pain of his body to frustrate the arrival of so great a man to me  So Pompey told me that the philosopher disputed very gravely and fully concerning this subject  That there was nothing good  but what was honest  He was all on fire as it were with pain  as if so many torches had been put to him  He often said in pain  All that you do is nothing  although you are troublesome  yet I will never confess you are evil","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4576,"EventTxt":"Some also say that Pompey came to Rhodes at the time he went to the Mithridatic war  The time when he was about to march against Mithridates  was the time when he talked to Posidonius  As Pompey was leaving  he asked him if he would advise him in anything  Posidonius repeated that verse in Homer  vv Act nobly and remember to excel","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4577,"EventTxt":"This is recorded in Strabo   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4578,"EventTxt":"When Valerius Flaccus was praetor  he commanded the cities of Asia to furnish him with money and sailors for a fleet  This fleet was half the size of the one Pompey used  He divided it into two squadrons  One was to sail north of Ephesus and the other south  In this fleet  M  Crassus sailed from Aenus   in Thrace  into Asia  and Flaccus from Asia into Macedonia  Each year gold was exported  in the name of the Jews  from Italy and all the Roman provinces to Jerusalem  Therefore  Flaccus ordered that no gold should be exported from Asia  At Apamea more than an hundred pounds of gold was intercepted  It was weighed before the praetor himself in the court of Sextus Coesius  a Roman equestrian at Laodicea  More than twenty pounds of gold was weighed before L  Peducaeus at Adramirum by the lieutenant Cn  Domitius  At Pergamus not much gold was taken       This gold was stored in the treasury  These things are mentioned in Flaccus  speech for him and defended these actions","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4579,"EventTxt":"Scaurus  who was left president of Syria by Pompey  marched into Arabia  Because the way was difficult  he did not go as far as Petra  However  he wasted the country around there  He endured much suffering for his army was afflicted with famine even though Hyrcanus by Antipater s means supplied him with grain and other needs from Judea  Antipater also was sent as ambassador from Scaurus  to Aretas  because he was his very close friend  He tried to persuade him that by paying a sum of money  he might redeem his country from destruction  He paid to him   talents on the condition that the war was ended  Thus the war ended to the satisfaction of neither Scaurus nor Aretas   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiquit         c      Scaurus had a silver coin to be stamped in his aedilship  One side showed a king wearing barbarous clothes who kneeled before Scaurus  He was wearing a loose coat and hose  He was presented a crown from him that was riding on a camel s back  These letters were written about it  M  SCAVRVS AED  CVR  EX  S  C  This meant M  Scaurus aedile by the decree of the senate  Below was written REX ARETAS  or King Aretas   Pighius  Annals Roman  torn     p","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4580,"EventTxt":"When Pompey had sent his lieutenant Piso to demand the consulship for Piso  the Romans deferred the request until Piso arrived  They chose Piso as consul by the general consent  This commendation of Piso by Pompey was confirmed by both his friends and enemies for they were all afraid of Pompey before he had dismissed his army   Dio","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3942,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3942b AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4581,"EventTxt":"About the time of Piso s consulship   in the Julian November  Pompey came into Italy   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist           It was feared that he would come with his army and he would order the public liberty after his own pleasure and make himself lord of all Italy and all the power of the Romans  As soon as he came to Brundusium  he voluntarily discharged all his forces  before there came to him any decree either from the senate or the people   Velleius Paterculus       c       Plutarch   Appian   Dio  Plutarch said that when Pompey had kindly discharged his soldiers  he ordered them to meet him again at his triumph  However  Dio affirmed that he did not intend to use them at his triumph   Dio","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4582,"EventTxt":"In a speech at Rome  Pompey declared that he had made war in the East with   kings   Oros        c      When he received command for Asia  it was the outmost province but now when he restored it to his country again it was the middlemost   Pliny        c        Floras       c","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4583,"EventTxt":"Q  Tullius Cicero  the younger brother of Marcus  was chosen to be praetor by lot over Asia and succeeded L  Valerius Flaccus   Cicero  Pro Flacco   Cicero  Letters to Atticus","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4584,"EventTxt":"When he was to go into his province  he wanted that T  Pomponius Atticus  his wife s brother  should go with him as his lieutenant  He thought it not befitting him that if he was not to be a praetor  to be a servant of the praetor   Cornelius Nepos  Life of Atticus  Cicero was offended by this   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        Epist","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4585,"EventTxt":"P  Clodius was accused of the revolt of Nisibis  of entering into a temple in woman s clothes  which it was not lawful for a man to enter   of defiling the wife of Metellus the high priest and of C  Caesar  and unseemly behaviour with his own sister  He was acquitted by the judges who were bribed with money   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist       Livy          Plutarch  in Cicero   Dio","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4586,"EventTxt":"Cicero wrote to Atticus that he had taken from the consul Piso  Syria that was promised unto him   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist      Therefore Marcius Philippus  who had been praetor  was sent as the successor to Scaurus who was left in Syria by Pompey  He had skirmished with the Arabians  who lived near there and invaded Syria   Appian  in Syriac  p","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4587,"EventTxt":"In the ninth year of the priesthood and government of Hyrcanus  that is from the death of his mother Alexandra  before Gavinius took the government from her  in the month Panemus or June  the decree of the Athenians  in the honour of Hyrcanus seemed to have been published as recorded by Josephus   Josephus  Antiq         c      Although  Josephus refers that time to a former decree of the Roman senate  It was set out both in the time of the previous Hyrcanus  the son of Simeon  and on the ides of December   See note on  a AM     However  this decree made in the honour of Hyrcanus  the second son of Alexander was written on the    th day of Munychion Attic   about the  th day of the Julian April   by Euclis  the son of Menander the Almusian  He was the secretary and delivered to the governors on the pemph apisntos of the Macedonian Panemus  or the  th day   answering to the  th day of the Julian June  Agathocle who was the praetor at Athens  This we have shown in the first chapter of the book  Concerning the Solar Year of the Macedonians and Athenians","YearBCAD":-62,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4652,"Dating":"3943a AM, 4652 JP, 62 BC"}
{"Index":4588,"EventTxt":"First  Cicero  eased the cities of Asia of the cost of providing sailors and a fleet  Cicero  Pro Flacco   and restored many cities that were almost deserted  Two of these were Samos  a most illustrious city of Ionia and Halicarnassus  a city of Caria   Cicero  Letter to Quintum Fratrem       epist","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4589,"EventTxt":"Pompey deferred his triumph two days before his birthday which he celebrated on the day      before the month of October   His birthday  happened either in July or June of the Julian account   M  Messala and M  Piso were consuls when this happened as may be gathered from the Marble Fragments of the Triumphal Records  It may be more fully deduced from the Records of the Triumphs of Pompey   Pliny        c             c      He had a most magnificent triumph of so many kings for two whole days    Velleius Paterculus        c        Appian  in Mithridatic    Even though this triumph lasted for two days  Plutarch says the greatness of it was not fully seen  A great part of the preparation  which would have served to furnish another triumph was not presented","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4590,"EventTxt":"They who tried to compare Pompey in all things with Alexander the Great would have us believe he was not yet   years old when he was really   years old if we believe Plutarch s account  Pompey  even from his youth  by the talk of his flatterers  believed that he was like Alexander and he imitated both his actions and counsels   Sallust  Historiar          Nonium Marcellum  in voc  Emulus    However  Velleius very elegantly observed that they were too much concerned about the age of that great man   Velleius Paterculus        c      vv who were deceived by five years  Whereas the setting right of these things was easily done from the consulships of C  Attilius and Quintus Servilius","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4591,"EventTxt":"Plutarch made the same mistake while he corrects others  He said that Pompey was only  years old when indeed he was","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4592,"EventTxt":"Pompey made his first triumph over Africa  the second over Europe and the third over Asia  He made the three parts of the world as monuments of his victory   Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch in Pompey  Thereupon this great triumph was called The Triumph of the whole World   Dio          By this the whole assembly greeted him by the surname of Great   Livy         He was pleased with this surname although by his famous deeds he might have received many new names   Dio","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4593,"EventTxt":"The preface of the triumph  as it is described in  Pliny        c       from his own records  was this  vv When he had freed the sea coast from pirates and had restored the command of the sea to the people of Rome  he triumphed over Asia  Pontus  Armenia  Paphlagonia  Cappadocia  Cilicia  Syria  Scythians  Jews  Albanians  Iberia  the Isle of Crete  Bastarna  and above all these  over the kings  Mithridates and Tigranes","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4594,"EventTxt":"Plutarch adds  vv Media  Colchis  Mesopotamia and Arabia","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4595,"EventTxt":"Appian adds  vv the Heniochi and Achaeans","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4596,"EventTxt":"Pompey brought   ships that were intact  There was a vast number of wagons that carried the armour and also the ramming prows of the ships  After these came a multitude of captives and pirates who were not bound but clothed in their country clothes  After them came noble men  captains or sons of the kings  Some were captives and others were hostages for a total of    These went before Pompey who sat on a lofty chariot   Appian","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4597,"EventTxt":"Among these was Tigranes  the son of Tigranes  the king of Armenia  with his wife and daughters and Zosime the wife of Tigranes himself  Moreover the sister and five sons of Mithridates  Artaphernes  Cyrus  Oxathres  Darius and Xerxes  and two daughters  Orsabaris and Eupatra were in the procession  There was also Olthaces  the king of the Colchians  Aristobulus  the king of the Jews and the tyrants of the Cilicians  There were women of the royal family of the Scythians  three commanders of the Iberians  two of the Albanians  along with Menander of Laodice  who was general of Mithridates  cavalry  Also there were the hostages of the Albanians and Iberians and of the king of the Commagenians  He had many other trophies in the procession according to the number of battles that either he or his lieutenant had won in various places   Appian   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4598,"EventTxt":"Although Tigranes and Mithridates were not present  pictures of them were carried showing how they fought  gave ground and fled  The attacks of Mithridates were displayed and how he secretly fled away by night  Last of all came pictures showing his death and the virgins who were the companions of his death displayed  Tables were carried with the images of his sons and daughters that died before him and the figures of the barbarian gods in their own country attire   Appian","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4599,"EventTxt":"Pompey was carried in a chariot set with precious stones  clothed  as was reported  in the armour of Alexander the Great  After his chariot came the companions of this expedition  the colonels both of the cavalry and foot soldiers   Appian","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4600,"EventTxt":"The day before the month of October which was his birthday  Pompey brought a pair of tables with the men of two precious stones  The tables were three foot wide and four long  On them was a thirty pound golden Moon  three parlour tables  nine cupboards of gold plate and precious stones  There were three golden images of Minerva  Mars  and Apollo as well as three crowns set with pearls  There was a square golden mount  covered with stags  lions and fruits of all kinds  These were surrounded by a golden vine   See note on   AM    There was a bower of pearls on the top of which was a sundial  Pompey s own image of pearl was there   Pliny        c       Pompey also wrote that he carried trees in the triumph  namely the elm tree and the balsam tree  which only grew in Judea   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4601,"EventTxt":"There were also carts and other vessels laden with gold and various other ornaments  Among them was the bed of Darius the son of Hystaspes and the throne and sceptre of Mithridates Eupator and a golden image of him twelve feet to his breast   Appian  There was a silver statue of Pharnaces who first reigned in Pontus and gold and silver chariots   Pliny        c      Also there were   myriads of silver coins and   drachmas   Appian  Moreover it was shown in the records that all the tribute of the people of Rome before this totalled only   myriads but with these that Pompey had gotten for the people of Rome amounted to   myriads   Plutarch","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4602,"EventTxt":"There was also carried a table containing a summary of those things which Pompey had done in the east  It was inscribed with this title    ships with prows were taken  eight cities built in Cappadocia  in Cilicia  and Coelosyria  twenty in Palestina Seleucis  Kings conquered  Tigranes the Armenian  Artoces the Iberian  Orozes the Albanian  This was the title   Appian  and a similar one Pliny mentions  Pliny        c      was placed in the temple of Minerva and dedicated of the spoils  vv Cn  Pompey Magnus  captain general  finished a war of thirty years  He overthrew  routed  killed and had yielded to him        men  sunk and taken   ships  had surrendered to him  owns and citadels  He conquered from the lake of Maetis to the Red Sea and deservedly offers this vow to Minerva","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4603,"EventTxt":"He brought into the public treasury in plate and in gold and silver coins      talents   Plutarch  Among the other gifts that were dedicated by him in the capital  was the cabinet of King Mithridates as Varro and other authors of that time confirm  This first gave the Romans an appetite for pearls and jewels   Pliny        c      There was also dedicated all the most precious things of Mithridates that were found in the new castle  Strabo        p         as well as that golden vine that was brought from Judea    Josephus  Antiq         c      There was also six cups of the stone of murra  fluorspar   then first brought to Rome  These were soon commonly used and popular material for plates and dishes   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4604,"EventTxt":"When Pompey came triumphing into the capital  he put none of the captives to death as those that had triumphed before him used to do  He paid their expenses from the public money and sent everyone home to his own country  except those that were of royal extraction    Appian  It appears incorrect what Appian adds that Aristobulus was put to death and after him  Tigranes because Aristobulus later returned into his country  Josephus and Dio confirmed this and that Tigranes was kept in chains with Flavius  a senator  by the order of Pompey  He was released from his custody by Clodius  the tribune of the people  which Asconius Pedianus confirmed in his commentary on the Milonian Speech","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3943,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3943b AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4605,"EventTxt":"After the Gazenses were freed from the rule of the Jews  they began the epoch of their times from this event   Fasti  Siculi  year    Olymp      The Gazenses began their year about the  th day of the Julian October  as we gathered from Marcus  a deacon of Gaza  in the life of Porphyry  a bishop of Gaza","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3944a AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4606,"EventTxt":"Cicero s brother Marcus was the cause that no one succeeded Quintus Cicero in the praetorship of Asia  Cicero in a letter to him showed this  Among other things that were well done by him in the province  he lists this that the thieveries of the Mysians were stopped and murders in many places suppressed  Peace was settled throughout the whole province  The robberies and thieveries of travellers in the countries and the town and cities was suppressed   Cicero  Letters to Quint  Fraer         epist","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3944a AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4607,"EventTxt":"M  Cicero had sent a commentary written in Greek about his consulship to Rhodes to Posidonius   He was the Apamean and was a philosopher and an historian  Cicero wanted him to rewrite this in better style   When he had read what Cicero wrote  he wrote back to him that he was not encouraged to write but that he was clearly afraid   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3944a AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4608,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Auletus had a son born to him in his old age  This son succeeded him in his kingdom  Hence he was not older than   years when Pompey fled to him after the battle of Pharsalia   Dio","YearBCAD":-61,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4653,"Dating":"3944a AM, 4653 JP, 61 BC"}
{"Index":4609,"EventTxt":"Pompey requested from the senate that they would confirm all the things that he had granted to kings  governors and cities   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4610,"EventTxt":"Lucullus had spent his time in luxurious living  The senate asked him to use his authority to deal in matters of state and he presently attacked Pompey s legislation   Plutarch  in Pompey  He and Metellus Creticus remembered the wrongs Pompey had done to them  They and some of the nobility resisted Pompey that those things that were either promised to cities or the rewards to them that had deserved evil of him  should not be distributed according to Pompey s own pleasure   Velleius Paterculus        c      Lucullus requested that Pompey should propose to the senate concerning his actions in detail and not demand that they should be all approved in one measure  Otherwise it would be unjust to approve all his acts together before they knew what they were as if they had been done by some god  Since Pompey had disannulled some of Lucullus  acts  he demanded that both of their acts should be proposed in the senate that they might confirm either of them that were worthy of approbation  Cato  Metellus Celer who was the consul  and others that were of the same opinion  earnestly defended Lucullus   Dio         Lucullus bragged also that the victory over Mithridates belonged to him and drew Crasius to his side   Appian  Civil War        p         Thereupon he obtained a confirmation of his decrees which Pompey had disannulled  Plutarch  in Pompey  and overthrew all the constitutions that Pompey had made after he had defeated the kings  Lucullus and Cato hindered Pompey s request that lands might be divided among his soldiers   Plutarch  in Lucullus","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4611,"EventTxt":"Pompey was thwarted in the senate and was compelled to appeal to the tribunes of the people   Plutarch  in Pompey  He saw that L  Flavius the tribune had demanded that lands be divided among Pompey s soldiers and that all the citizens might give their say that by this means this might be more easily granted  Also he wanted all Pompey s acts confirmed  Metellus the consul so eagerly opposed him that he was carried to prison by the tribune  Notwithstanding  the consul resolutely persisted in his opinion as also did others  so that Pompey was forced at length to yield to his demands  He regretted that he had discharged his soldiers and exposed himself to the wrongs of his enemies   Dio","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4612,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  C  Julius Caesar came to Rome to demand the consulship  Pompey allied himself with him and promised that he would do his best to help Caesar become a consul  By this Pompey hoped that finally his acts which he had done in the provinces beyond the seas and were opposed by so many  would be confirmed by Caesar when he was consul  Pompey and Crassus were at great odds ever since the consulship that they had held together  Caesar reconciled them and entered into an alliance with both of them  Based on this contract  nothing would be done in the state which displeased any of the three  This conspiracy was destructive to the city and all the world and finally to themselves also   Livy          Velleius Paterculus       c       Suetonius  in Julius Caesar  c       Plutarch  in Lucullus  Crassus  Pompey  Caesar   Appian  Civil War           Dio","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4613,"EventTxt":"Barro who was the best writer of this time  wrote in one book about this conspiracy of the three principal men of the city  He called it tricaranon or three headed   Appian  p       Asinius Pollio also began to write his history of the civil war from the same book which was made in the consulship of Metellus Celer   Horace        carm  ode      His interpreters  Acron and Porphyrie confirm this  for neither  as many thought  the dissention of Caesar and Pompey brought in the civil wars  Their agreement rather of conspiring together to root out the nobility first and then they fell at odds among themselves   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4614,"EventTxt":"In this very year  the  th Olympiad was solemnized and Herodes   a different person besides that Herod of Athens of whom Pausanias and Gellius mention as the most famous man of his time  was archon in Athens  Diodorus Siculus began the history of Caesar s affairs  In that year he showed that he travelled over Egypt in the reign of Ptolemy who was called New Bacchus   Bibliothec  historiar        part","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3944,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3944b AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4615,"EventTxt":"There was a third year added to the praetorship of Quintus Cicero in Asia  Suetonius stated that he governed the proconsulate of Asia with little distinction    Suetonius  in Octavian Augustus  c      In this year  there was written an excellent letter by Marcus Cicero concerning the good government of a province  This was placed first among those that were written to his brother Quintus","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3945a AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4616,"EventTxt":"The senate sent Lentulus Marcellinus  one that had been praetor  to succeed Marcius Philippus in the government of Syria    Appian  in Syriacis  Each of them spent two years in fighting with the Arabians who bordered Syria and invaded their country","YearBCAD":-60,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4654,"Dating":"3945a AM, 4654 JP, 60 BC"}
{"Index":4617,"EventTxt":"Julius Caesar  the consul  confirmed all Pompey s acts as he had promised him without slandering Lucullus or anyone else   Appian  Civil War        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4618,"EventTxt":"Pompey also obtained from the senate that they should not confirm those honours that Lucullus had promised to some of Pontus  He said it was unjust that the distribution of rewards and honours should be given to one who did not finish the war   Strabo        p      After he filled the city with arms and soldiers  he expelled Cato and Lucullus from the forum and confirmed his acts by violence and force   Plutarch  in Pompey  Lucullus","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4619,"EventTxt":"Suetonius wrote that Caesar  in his first consulship  planned to sell societies and kingdoms    Suetonius  c       He took from Ptolemy alone      talents in the name of himself and Pompey  Dio related  Dio          that Ptolemy  Auletes  spent vast sums of money on certain Romans both of his own and what he borrowed  He hoped that through them the kingdom of Egypt might be confirmed to him and that he might be called their friend and ally  Plutarch  Plutarch  in Caesar  related that Auletes owed to Caesar   myriads  A thousand of this  Caesar extracted when he came into Egypt after Pompey was killed  He forgave the rest of the debt to Auletes  children","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4620,"EventTxt":"In this year when Caesar was first consul  he in the third commentary of the civil war  showed that Auletes  by a law and a decree of the senate  was taken into the alliance of the people of Rome  Caesar obtained this honour from the senate before the proscription of Ptolemy s brother Ptolemy Cyprior   which was in the next year   Cicero confirmed in the Sectian speech   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4621,"EventTxt":"C  Antony was condemned and Cicero in vain  who was his collogue in the consulship  defended him   Dio         He lived as a banished man in Cephalenia and had all the island under his command as his own possession  He began to build a city but did not finish it    Strabo       p","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4622,"EventTxt":"It is decreed that P  Clodius should go as an ambassador to Tigranes  the king of Armenia  When he objected  he who was a patrician  was made a plebian by adoption so that by that means he was chosen as a tribune of the people   Cicero  Letters to Atticus        epist       Orat  pro domo sua   Dio","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4623,"EventTxt":"Bruhagoras was a man of great authority among the Heraclenseus of Pontus  He and his son Propylus went to Julius Caesar and became his friend  They followed him up and down through all lands for   years together so that Caesar might do good to his fellow citizens   Memnon  c","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3945,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3945b AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4624,"EventTxt":"P  Clodius was made tribune of the people  So that he might draw the new consuls to his side  he decreed to them large provinces  To Gabinius  he gave Syria  with Babylon and Persia  To Piso  he gave Achaia  Thessalia  Greece  Macedonia and all Boeotia   Cicero  pro Sextrus  pro domo sua  de provincis consularibus    Plutarch  in Cicero","YearBCAD":-59,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4655,"Dating":"3946a AM, 4655 JP, 59 BC"}
{"Index":4625,"EventTxt":"When Q  Cicero had governed Asia three years  he left the province   Cicero        Letters to his Friends        epist       Letters to Atticus        epist      Marcus Cicero was then in exile in Thessalonica and wrote to Atticus concerning his brother s journey   Cicero        ep      vv My brother Quintus had departed from Asia  before the month of May   about the end of the Julian February  and was come to Athens on the Ides  He was forced to hurry lest there might happen some more calamity in his absence if perchance anyone should not be content with the ills we suffer already  Therefore I had rather he should make haste to Rome  than come to me","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4626,"EventTxt":"By a tribunal law of P  Clodius  the priest of Cybile in Pessinus  a city of Phrygia was removed from his priesthood  Brogitarus was a Galatian   He is thought to be that Bobodiatorus  to whom as Strabo writes  Pompey gave Mithridatium after he took it away from Pontus   Strabo        p       He was a wicked man and desired the priesthood not for the reverence to the temple but for violence  He bought the office of priesthood with a great sum of money though his ambassadors to Clodius  The priests of Pessinus in ancient times had been petty kings   Strabo        p       By the same tribunal law  Dejotarus was often thought worthy of that name by the senate as well as his son in law Brogitarus who had never asked it from the senate  He had only agreed with Clodius for so much money to be paid him by bond and was ordained to be called king  However  Dejotarus received that part of the law that agreed with the senate that he should be a king without giving any money to Clodius  He preserved Pessinus in their ancient religion and had rather that his son in law enjoy the title by the gift of Clodius than that the temple should lack her ancient religion   Cicero  de Aruspicum respons    pro Sextio","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4627,"EventTxt":"Clodius wanted to get his revenge on Ptolemy the king of Cyprus  who was the brother of Auletes  the king of Alexandria   If we believe Velleius Paterculus  he was most like him in all his vicious manner of life   Ptolemy had previously neglected him when he was captured by pirates  Even though Clodius lived quietly and enjoyed his ease and without showing any reason or mentioning any wrong Ptolemy had done  he favoured a law for reducing his kingdom into the form of a province  All Ptolemy s goods and money would be confiscated  The law would send M  Cato from the commonwealth under an honourable title to carry out the law  Although Cato was for the law also  he went unwillingly to Cyprus to command there with praetorian power and had a quaester with him also   Cicero  pro Sextio    prodomo sua   Livy          Floras        c       Plutarch  in Cato the Younger   Strabo        p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian  Civil War        p       Dio         Cicero in his speech for Publius Sextius  speaks thus of Ptolemy  vv That miserable Cypriot  who was always an ally  was always a friend  concerning whom there was never so much as the least suspicion brought against him  either to the senate or to our generals   as they say  lives to see himself  his very food and cloths confiscated  Behold  why should other kings think their fortune stable  since by this wicked example of that lamentable year  they may see themselves by one tribune and six hundred artificers stripped of all their fortunes and all their kingdom","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4628,"EventTxt":"Thereupon also Ammianus Marcellinus  Ammianus Marcellinus         was not ashamed to say that the people of Rome invaded that island from covetousness  from lack of money in their treasury  than justice  Sextus Rufus in his breviary said that the poverty of the people of Rome and the shortage of money in the treasury provoked them to seize that island that was so famous for its riches  They got the command of it more covetously than justly","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4629,"EventTxt":"Tigranes  the son of Tigranes  a king and an enemy  was still kept prisoner by Pompey s command at L  Flavius  house  who was the praetor  Clodius  the tribune of the people  was bribed to ask Flavius that he would give Tigranes permission to dine with them that he might see him  When Tigranes came  he feasted him and took him from prison and let him go free       Clodius would not turn him over when Pompey demanded him  When Tigranes had escaped by ship  he was driven back by a storm  Clodius  the tribune  sent Sextius Clodius to bring Tigranes to him  As soon as Flavius heard of it  he went to apprehend Tigranes  Within four miles of the city  there was a skirmish and many were killed on both sides  however Flavius  party fared the worse  Papirius was killed  He was a Roman equestrian  a publican and very close friend of Pompey  Flavius barely escaped to Rome by himself  Clodius  the tribune  contemtuously treated Pompey and Gabinius who did not approve of this  Clodius beat and wounded their companion and broke the fasces of Gabinius  the consul  He confiscated his goods   Cicero  pro domo sua Ascon  Pedian  in Orat  Milonianam   Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4630,"EventTxt":"Piso and Gabinius  who were the consuls  expelled Syrapis  Isis  Harpocrates and Cynocephalus  They were forbidden to come to the capitol  The consuls overthrew their altars and curtailed the vices of their filthy and idle superstitions   Tertullian  in Apologetico","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4631,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Auletes was told by the Egyptians to request from the Romans the island of Cyprus or to renounce their alliance  He did not agree to do this  He had incurred their hatred both for this reason and for the high taxes he imposed on the Egyptians to pay his debt that he had incurred by purchasing of the Roman alliance  Therefore  when he neither could persuade them to be quiet  nor could compel them by force   for he had no mercenaries  he fled from Egypt and sailed to Rome   Livy          Dio         He wanted Caesar and Pompey to use their army to restore him again   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  However  Timagenes  who under Augustus  reign  wrote some histories  from whom Seneca   Seneca        de Ira  c      affirmed that Ptolemy left the kingdom without any good reason or that he was compelled by any necessity  Theophanes convinced him to leave Egypt because he would give Pompey an opportunity to get money and of starting new wars   Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4632,"EventTxt":"When Cato sailed to Cyprus  Clodius the tribune would not give him any ships  soldiers or servants to go with him  He only had two secretaries  One was a notorious thief and the other a client of Clodius  If the business of Cyprus had been but a small matter  Clodius ordered him to restore the exiles of Byzantium to keep Cato away from Rome as long as he possibly could   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4633,"EventTxt":"Cato through his friend Canidius whom he sent before him to Cyprus  talked with Ptolemy and tried to persuade him to yield without fighting  He gave Ptolemy the hope that he would neither live poorly nor in contempt and that the people would give him the priesthood of Paphian Venus  Meanwhile  Cato stayed at Rhodes to make preparations and to wait for an answer   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  When Ptolemy knew what was decreed against him  he dared not fight against the Romans  Neither did he think he could live  if he were expelled from his kingdom  Therefore he put all his treasure into ships and sailed  He hoped to sink his ships and died as he wished with his treasure so his enemies would not get their hands on it  He could not endure to sink his gold and silver and so he returned home again and killed himself by drinking poison  Although he held the title of king  he was a slave to his money   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger   Floras        c       Strabo        p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Valer  Maxim        c       Appian  Civil War       p       Dio         Ammianus Marcellinus          Sextus Rufus  in Breviario","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4634,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy Auletes sailed for Rome  When he had arrived at Rhodes  he wanted to meet Cato and sent for him and hoped that Cato would come to him  Cato replied to Ptolemy that if Ptolemy wanted to see him Ptolemy would have to come to him  After Ptolemy came  Cato neither went to meet him nor rose from his seat but greeted him as he would one of the common people and asked him to sit down  At first it amazed Ptolemy and he wondered to see such superciliousness and severity in one that had so simple and lowly a train  When they began to talk of his business  Cato accused him of folly for leaving his own country  he had subjected himself to such dishonour and such great pains only to satisfy the covetousness of the chief men of Rome  This he could never do even if all the kingdom of Egypt were coined into silver  Therefore  he counselled him to return with his navy and to reconcile himself to his subjects  Cato offered to go along with him and to help him to be reconciled  The king was brought to his senses by this speech and when he perceived the truth and Cato s wisdom  he intended to follow his advice  However  his friends turned him from this good advice  As soon as Ptolemy came to Rome and was forced to wait at the magistrates gates  he began to lament his inconsiderate enterprise and that he had scorned the divine oracles of such a great man   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  However  his coming caused so much trouble to the Romans later  that Crassus  Cicero  pro Caelius  used that speech of the tragedian  Vtinam ne in monte Pelio  That is  vv If only not in Mount Peliom","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4635,"EventTxt":"The Alexandrians did not know of Ptolemy s journey to Italy and thought that he was dead  They set his legitimate daughter  Bereice  over the kingdom along with her older sister Tryphaena  who was older than Cleopatra    Strabo        p       Dio          Porphyrius  in Grac  Eusebian  Scaligeri   p      They sent Menelaus Lampon and Callimachus to Antiochus Pius   or Asiaticus rather his son  whom Pompey had dispossessed of his kingdom  to ask him to reign together with the women  However  he was sick and died   Porphyrus  in Grac  Eusebian  Scaligeri   p","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4636,"EventTxt":"Both the consuls went into the provinces as soldiers  Piso into Macedonia and Gabinius into Syria  The people followed them with their curses   Cicero  pro Sextio    in L  Piso  When Gabinius was about to set sail in Syria  he invited Antony  who was later in the triumvirate  to go along with him to the wars  He refused to do this as a private soldier  but when he was put in command of the cavalry then he went with him to the wars   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4637,"EventTxt":"T  Ampius  through the help of P  Clodius the tribune  obtained the province of Cilicia  which was contrary to the custom   Cicero  pro domo sua    Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4638,"EventTxt":"Cicero mentions this about Gabinius  journey to Syria and his first arrival  In his speech of consular provinces he said  vv His journey into the province was like this  King Ariobarzanes hired your consul to commit murders as if he had been a Thracian  When he first came into Syria  he lost many of his cavalry and later the best of his foot soldiers","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4639,"EventTxt":"Cicero also mentions the loss of Gabinius  cavalry and foot soldiers in his speech for Sextus   Cicero  pro Sextius","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3946,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3946b AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4640,"EventTxt":"Although it was said that the king of Cyprus left a vast sum of money behind him  yet Cato determined to go first to Byzantium  M  Brutus  his sister s son   the murderer of Julius Caesar later  was in Pamphylia  where he then lived to recover his health  Cato wrote to him that he should immediately come to him from there to Cyprus because he suspected that Canidius was meddling with money and would appropriate some for himself  Brutus undertook this journey much against his will  He thought Cato had slandered Canidius and that this job was too menial and unsuited for him  Brutus was a young studious man  However  he behaved himself so well that Cato commended him   Plutarch  in Cato   Brutus","YearBCAD":-58,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4656,"Dating":"3947a AM, 4656 JP, 58 BC"}
{"Index":4641,"EventTxt":"Alexander the son of Aristobulus  who on the way to Rome had escaped from Pompey  bothered Judea with his raids  At that time  Hyrcanus was not able to resist him  since he was determined to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem which Pompey had thrown down  The Romans who were there  hindered the work  Alexander travelled through the country and armed many Jews  In a short time he had     foot soldiers and   cavalry  He strongly fortified Alexandrion  a citadel located near Corea  Hyrcanium and Michaeron  not far from the mountains of Arabia   Josephus  Wars       c      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4642,"EventTxt":"A  Gabinius  the governor of Syria undertook an expedition against Alexander  He sent M  Antony ahead with some commanders  These joined with some Jews who were under their command whose captains were Pitholaus and Matichus  They also took some auxiliaries from Antipater  These met with Alexander and Gabinius followed with the rest of the army  Alexander drew near Jerusalem where the battle was fought  The Romans killed   of the enemy and took as many prisoners  When Gabinius came to the citadel of Alexandrium  he offered the besieged men conditions of peace and promised them pardon for all that was past  Since many of the enemy had camped outside the fort  the Romans attacked them  M  Antony behaved very valiantly and killed many of his enemies   Josephus  Wars       c      Antiq         c      Antony was courteously entertained by Antipater  When Antony was in the triumvirate and came into Syria   years later he showed toward Antipater s sons  Phasaelus and Herod  that he remembered this courtesy   Josephus  Wars       c      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4643,"EventTxt":"Gabinius left part of the army at the siege of Alexandrion and went to visit the rest of Judea  He ordered that what cities he found destroyed  should be rebuilt  By this means  Samaria  Azotus  Scythopolis  Anthedon  Apollonia  Jamnias  Raphia  Dora  Marissa  Gaza and many others were rebuilt  They were later peacefully inhabited  when before they had been deserted for so long","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4644,"EventTxt":"When he thus ordered these things in the country  Gabinius returned to Alexandrion  When the Romans intended to attack it  Alexander requested pardon through his ambassadors  He offered Gabinius the citadels of Hyrcanion and Machaeron and at last Alexandrion  Gabinius  by the advice of the mother of Alexander  levelled these with the ground lest they should be a reason for new wars  The woman was solicitous for her husband and children  who were carried captive to Rome and favoured the Romans  She used all her charms toward Gabinius and obtained from him whatever she desired   Josephus  Wars       c      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4645,"EventTxt":"After Gabinius had settled his affairs  he took Hyrcanus to Jerusalem and committed the care of the temple and priesthood to him  He made others of the nobility  rulers of the Jewish state  He appointed five seats for courts and divided the whole province into so many equal parts  Some went to court at Jerusalem  some at Gadara   otherwise Dora  some at Amathus  some at Jericho and some at Sephora  Thus the Jews were freed from the single command of one alone and they were willingly governed by an aristocracy   Josephus  Wars       c      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4646,"EventTxt":"Philippus Euergeres  the son of Gryphus and Tryphaena the daughter of Ptolemy  the eighth king of the Egyptians   who   years before was king of Syria  was sent for by the Alexandrians to take over the kingdom of Egypt  He was hindered from doing this by Gabinius  the governor of Syria   Porphyr  in Gracis  Eusebian  Scaligeri p","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4647,"EventTxt":"At Rome  Pompey took up Ptolemy Auletes  cause and commended it to the senate and asked for his restoration   Strabo        p      However  Ptolemy requested that he might be restored by Cornelius Lentulus Spinther the consul  to whom the province of Cilicia was given in charge   Dio         Spinther also favoured Ptolemy s restoration to his kingdom by himself  A decree of the senate was made to that end   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist     cum Orat  in L  Pison    pro Rabirio Posthumo","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4648,"EventTxt":"It was said that this advice was given by the same consul that a greater authority of providing grain through all the Roman Empire  by sea and land  might be given to Pompey  He hoped that Pompey would be occupied in this greater charge and the consul himself might be sent to help Ptolemy   Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4649,"EventTxt":"The Alexandrians sent an hundred men to Rome that they might defend their cause against the accusations of Ptolemy and also might accuse him of the wrongs he had done to them  The leader of the embassy was Dio  an academic   Strabo        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4650,"EventTxt":"Ptolemy sent out certain men into all parts and laid ambushes for the ambassadors  Most were killed on their journey and some of them he killed in the very city  He bullied or bribed the rest into submission  He so arranged matters that they did not so much as dare to bring before the magistrates their cause from whom they were sent or once make any mention of them who were killed   Dio         Cicero mentions the murdering of the Alexandrian ambassadors against all law and honesty   Cicero  in the speech  de Aruspicum respons   He also mentions the beating of the Alexandrians at Puteoh   Cicero  pro Coeli","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4651,"EventTxt":"This business was so commonly known  that the senate was very angry  especially Marcus Favonius who stirred them up  Many ambassadors of their allies who were sent to Rome  were violently killed   Cicero   Cicero  in orat  de Auruspicum responsiis   mentions one in particular  Theodosius who was sent as an ambassador from a free city and was stabbed by the means of P  Clodius and Hermachus  a Chian   At that time  many Romans were corrupted by bribes  Therefore  the senate called Dio  the leader of the embassy to them so that he could testify to them concerning the truth of the matter  However  Ptolemy s money had so much prevailed that neither Dio came into the senate neither was any mention made of those who were killed  all the while that Dio was at Rome   Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4652,"EventTxt":"Finally  Dio was murdered  He was a very learned man who lodged with Lucceius   He was also a most learned man  of whom Cicero requested  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      he would write the history of his consulship   Dio knew Lucceius from Alexandria  P  Ascitius was not found guilty of this murder nor was Ptolemy punished  Ascitius was acquitted in his trial  Pompey entertained Ptolemy at his house and helped him all he could  Although many had taken bribes and were later accused before the judges  very few were condemned since there were so many that were guilty of the same fault  Everyone for fear for himself  helped the other  Hence men committed those wicked deeds for the love of money   Cicero  in Orat  pro Coelio   Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4653,"EventTxt":"After M  Cato had reconciled the banished men with the rest of the citizens and established a firm concord in Byzantium  he sailed into Cyprus  The Cypriots willingly received him and hoped that in the place of servants as they had been  they should now become friends and allies with the people of Rome  Cato found there a large and royal preparation in plates  tables  jewels  and purple  All of this was to be sold for money  Hence he gathered a little less than   talents of silver   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  Brutus   Strabo        fin   Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4654,"EventTxt":"Cato was very careful in searching out all things and to set the highest price and account for every last penny  He did not trust the ways of the forum but suspected all apparitors  criers  appraisers and friends  He also talked with them privately that set the price and forced many to buy and sold many things by this means  By this he offended many of his friends by distrusting them and especially his most intimate friend  Munatius whom he provoked almost to an implacable offence  This gave occasion to Julius Caesar of accusing Cato in the book that Munatius wrote called Anticaron  This Munatius  who was called Rufus   Valerius Maximus        c      wrote a commentary about Cato and his journey to Cyprus   Thrasias mainly followed Munatius   In the book  Munatius did not write that this difference grew between them from any distrust of Cato s  However  when he came later to Cyprus  Cato did not entertain him and preferred before him Canidius who was already there and had proved his fidelity to Cato   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4655,"EventTxt":"In the last month of his consulship  then happening on the Julian September  when the new tribunes of the people entered their office  P  Cornelius Spinther prepared to take his journey to his province of Cilicia  Ptolemy Auletes departed from Rome as the passage from  Annal  of Fenestella         as quoted by Nonius Marcellus shows  vv As soon as the tribunes entered their office  C  Cato who was troublesome and a bold young man and one that could speak reasonably well  began to stir up the people with his speeches against Ptolemy who was now departed from the city and against P  Lentulus Spinther  who was now preparing for his journey","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4656,"EventTxt":"However  Ptolemy s cause was defended by Cicero  as he himself seems to show in his speech for Coelius and Fortunatianus more clearly confirmed by quoting by name that very speech of his for King Ptolemy","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3947,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3947b AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4657,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the consulship of L  Marcius Philippus  and Cn  Lentulus Marcellinus  the statue of Jupiter Capitolinus was struck with lighting  This halted the restitution of Ptolemy for when the Sibyls  books were consulted  they were reported to have foretold that a king of Egypt with crafty councils  as it is in  Cicero  in the oration pro Rabinio Posthumo   should come to Rome  Concerning this suspicion of him  as it is in Dio  thus to have declared her sentence  vv If a king of Egypt needs your help and shall come here  you shall not deny him friendship but you shall not help him with any forces  If you shall do otherwise  you will make labours and dangers","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4658,"EventTxt":"The oracle was told to the people by C  Cato the tribune of the people  It was not lawful to tell any prophesies of the Sibyls to the people unless the senate had so decreed it  It seemed to be the less lawful  seeing the people took it so heavily  Therefore Cato feared that the sentence of the oracle would be suppressed and he compelled the priests to translate it into Latin and to declare it to the people before the senate had decreed anything about it   Dio         Notwithstanding  this was the opinion of the people of Rome that this name of a pretended omen was brought in by those against Lentulus Spinther  the proconsul of Cilicia   This was so much to hinder him as that no one planned to go to Alexandria but for the desire of an army  which among the rest  Pompey was most desirous        Cicero   Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4659,"EventTxt":"Ammonius Ptolemais  the ambassador  publicly opposed the subduing of the king by Spinther and used money to help convince others  The few that were for the king wanted the matter committed to Pompey  The senate approved the forgery of the religious oracle  not for religious reasons but for ill will and for hatred of the king s large bribes   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist          epist       Appian  in Syriacis  p       Parthic  p","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4660,"EventTxt":"Pompey understood from the oracle that he demanded that Pompey might come to aid him instead of Spinther  There were little notes found that were thrown about in the forum and the senate house that indicated the same  Thereupon the king s letter concerning this business was read publicly by Aulus Plautius  the tribune of the people  His colleague  Caninius   Plutarch incorrectly calls him Canidius  proposed a law that Pompey without an army and only accompanied with two lictors would bring the king into favour again with the Alexandrians  Although the law did not seem to displease Pompey  yet it was decreed by the senators partly under the pretence of the grain law that was already committed to him and of false concern about the safety of Pompey s person  as they pretended to be afraid for him    Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4661,"EventTxt":"The senate had various opinions about this business  Bibulus thought that Ptolemy should be established in his kingdom without an army by three ambassadors who were only private citizens  Crassus thought that the three ambassadors should either be private citizens or ones holding office  When Lupus purposed this law  Volcatius  the tribune of the people thought Pompey should go  Afranius  Libo  Hypsaeus  and all the close friends of Pompey agreed  Hortensius  Cicero and Lucullus thought that it ought to be done by Lentulus Spinther  However  Servilius denied that the king ought to be established at all   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4662,"EventTxt":"In the month of February  or the Julian November  C  Cato published a law to deprive Lentulus of his command  This gave his son a reason to change his garment as mentioned by Cicero   Cicero  ad Quintum fratrem        epist      This must mean the law of establishing Ptolemy in his kingdom again according to the decree of the senate granted to him in his consulship  It is obvious from the letters of Cicero written to him  Cicero        epist     and those that follow  that he retained after the passing of this law  the proconsulship of Cilicia with the addition also of Cyprus   Cato had left from Cyprus already   Cyprus was now made tributary and reduced into the form of a province by the Romans   Strabo        fin","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4663,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy saw that he would not be established in his kingdom again by neither Pompey  as he most desired  nor by Lentulus  he now despaired of his return  He went to Ephesus and stayed there in the temple of Diana   Dio","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4664,"EventTxt":"Aristobulus  with his son Antigonus  escaped from Rome and returned to Jerusalem  A large number of Jews came to him again  They wanted a change and he still commanded their affections  He planned to rebuild the citadel of Alexandrion that was torn down    Josephus  Wars     I e    Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4665,"EventTxt":"Gabinius  the governor of Syria  sent soldiers under their captains  Sisinna  his son  Antony and Servilius to prevent Aristobulus from seizing Alexandrion and to capture him if they could  For many other Jews had resorted to him for the reputation that he had  Also Pitholaus  the governor of Jerusalem  had left the Roman party and came to him with   well armed men  Since many of them that came to him were not well armed  Aristobulus dismissed them  as unsuitable for war  He took only   armed men   among whom those that Pitholaus brought  and marched to Macherus  The Romans pursued them and fought with them  Aristobulus  side valiantly held out for a good while but after they had lost   men  they were forced to flee  Nearly   fled to a certain mountain  From there  they got away and provided for their own safety as well as they could  Another   with Aristobulus broke through the ranks of the Romans and fled to Mathaetus and began to fortify the citadel  They were not able to hold out in the siege for more than two days  After many had been wounded  Aristobulus was taken prisoner along with his son Antigonus and brought to Gabinius    Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4666,"EventTxt":"Plutarch gives more details of this event and ascribes the whole victory to the honour of Antony  vv When Antony was sent against Aristobulus  who made the Jews to rebel  he was the first man that climbed the wall of a most strong citadel of Aristobulus  Antony drove him from all his strongholds  Then he fought with a few men of his and overthrew a great army and put them all to the sword  except a few  Also Aristobulus with his son  was taken prisoner","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4667,"EventTxt":"Dio   Dio         incorrectly wrote that Gabinius went into Palestine and captured Aristobulus  who was fled from Rome and made a rebellion   He sent him to Pompey and imposed a tax on the Jews  He went from there into Egypt to establish Ptolemy again in his kingdom","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4668,"EventTxt":"Tyrannio who was teaching in Cicero s house  orderly arranged his library with the help of Dionysius and Menophilus  who were two book binders that were sent him by Atticus   Cicero  ad Quintum Fratr         epist       ad Atticum        epist           This was Tyrannio Amisenus  who  fourteen years earlier  was taken by Lucullus and who became rich and famous in Rome and accumulated about     books   Suidas  in Voc  Tyrannio   Tyrannio had the books of Aristotle copied from the library of Sulla  It is reported that Andronicus Rhodius received the copies and that he published the copies that we now have   Suidas        p       Plutarch  in Sulla","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4669,"EventTxt":"Valerius produced witnesses of the help of M  Cato in the administration of the business of Cyprus   Valerius        c       v    Epirus  Achaia  the islands Cyclades  the sea coasts of Asia  the province of Cyprus  When he undertook the charge of bringing away the money  he took no bribes and handled the matter fairly  For although he had the king s riches in his own power and the required places of lodging on his trip were most delightful cities  he behaved most discretely  Munatius Kusus  his faithful companion in that journey indicated as much in his writings","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4670,"EventTxt":"Cato feared a tedious journey and prepared various coffers  each of which held two talents and   drachmas  He tied each of these to a long rope and fastened at the end a large piece of cork  If the ship was sunk  the cork would indicate the place  Thus was all the money  except for a very little  brought very safely  Cato had made two books  in which he had recorded the accounts of all things that he had gotten  Philargyros  a free man of Cato  carried one of these books  He sailed from Cencrea and was drowned with all his belongings  Cato took the other himself until he came to Corcyra  He stayed in the market place in his tent  The soldiers made many fires because of the cold and accidently set the tents on fire  So Cato lost that book also  Although the king s stewards might easily silence his enemies and detractors  it bothered Cato because he had not kept these accounts to vindicate his fidelity but that he might give an example to others of diligence   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger","YearBCAD":-57,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4657,"Dating":"3948a AM, 4657 JP, 57 BC"}
{"Index":4671,"EventTxt":"Cato  with great diligence  travelled up the Tiber River in light boats that carried the riches of Cyprus as if they had been spoils taken from an enemy and carried in a fleet   Floras        c       Valerius Maximus        c       Ammianus Marcellinus         This brought more money to the treasury of the people of Rome than any triumph   Floras        c","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4672,"EventTxt":"When the news of Cato s arrival was known  all the magistrates and priests along with the consuls   one of which was L  Marcius Philippus  the father of Marcia  Cato s wife  the whole senate and many of the people went to the river side to meet him  His arrival differed very little from the show and splendour of a triumph  Notwithstanding  his insolence was observed in this  He did not come ashore to the consuls and praetors that came to meet him  nor altered his course but sailed by the shore in one of the king s galleys with six tiers of oars  He did not come ashore until he came with his fleet to the place where the money was to be landed   Velleius Paterculus        c      Plutarch  Plutarch  Cato the Younger  stated that when he landed  the consuls and the rest of the magistrates were ready to receive him all courtesies  They were more happy to see Cato safely home again than they were to see the vast sum of gold and silver the fleet had brought    Valer  Maxim        cult","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4673,"EventTxt":"As the money was carried through the market place  the people wondered at the treasure which was far greater than they had hoped for   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  Cato could not be accused by anyone because he gathered together many slaves and much money out of the king s riches and had honestly turned over everything  Cato received no less honour than if he had returned a conqueror from the wars  For many men had allowed themselves to be corrupted with bribes but he caused it to be accounted a rarer virtue to despise money than to conquer an enemy   Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4674,"EventTxt":"Pliny stated that Cato brought back with him from this Cyprian expedition  a philosopher   Pliny        c      Cato had the senate grant Nicias  the king s steward  his freedom  Cato testified to his fidelity and diligence   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  Clodius intended that those slaves who were brought from Cyprus  should be called Clodian because he had sent Cato there  Cato opposed this and Clodius was thwarted  Therefore they were called Cyprian for Cato would not allow them to be called Porcian  although some were of that opinion   Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4675,"EventTxt":"Clodius was angry with Cato because he had opposed him and calumniated the service that he had done and demanded an account of his deeds  He did not think he could accuse Cato of any unjust act but because he thought it would make something for him that almost all the records were lost in the shipwreck  Caesar helped Clodius in this business although he was absent and  as some report  sent accusations against Cato to Clodius by letters   Dio        However  Cato told them that he had brought as much money from Cyprus although he had not received so much as one horse or soldier as Pompey had brought from so many wars and triumphs when all the world was in turmoil   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4676,"EventTxt":"Cato opposed Cicero who insisted that none of those things that Clodius had done in his tribuneship should be confirmed in the senate  He did not do this as a favour for Clodius but because that among other acts that should be revoked was his commission for Cyprus because the tribune that sent him was unlawfully chosen   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  in Cicero","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4677,"EventTxt":"Phraates the second was wickedly put to death by his sons and Orodes succeeded him in the kingdom of the Parthians  His brother Mithridates was expelled from Media where he governed according to Dio   Dio         The sons contended for the kingdom and it seems Orodes was first banished and after him Mithridates also  However  Surenas a rich man and one among the Parthians next the king in blood and authority  brought Orodes back again from banishment  It was his prerogative by birth that he should always crown the new king of the Parthians  He subdued Seleucia the great to the king s power  Surenas was the first man that scaled the walls and defeated with his own hands those that defended it  Although he was not as yet thirty years old  he was held in esteem for his advice in council and his wisdom  for they report these things of him   Plutarch  inCrassus   Appian  in Parthicis  p         However Appian  both in  Appian  Parthicis  p     Syriacis  p       states that at another time that Mithridates was driven from his kingdom by his brother Orodes  Although Justin noted  Justin        c       that Mithridates was deposed from his kingdom for his cruelty by the Parthian nobility and that his brother Orodes seized the kingdom when the throne was vacant  Although Justin very incorrectly there makes this Mithridates the same with Mithridates the king of the Parthians to whom his famous acts gave him the surname of Great  Between this Mithridates the Great and he who was the brother of Orodes  there was a various succession of many kings among the Parthians  This appears from the very prologue of the  nd book of Tragus Pompey  an epitome of which Justin has given us","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4678,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was driven from his kingdom either by the Parthian nobility or his brother Orodes  and came to Gabinius  the proconsul of Syria when he was preparing for an expedition against the Arabians  He reasoned so with Gabinus that he should let the Arabians alone and go against the Parthians and help to restore him to his kingdom   Appian  in Syriacis  p       Parthicis  p       Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4679,"EventTxt":"On the ides of May  which happened in the Julian February  the letters of Gabinius were read in full to senate concerning the war that he had with the greatest countries and tyrants of Syria   under whose name  the princes of Judea  Commagena  Chalcis  Emesa  Thrachonitis  Batanea  and Abilene  are usually called  but they were not believed  The senate denied him the triumph he wanted at Rome   Cicero  ad Quintum        fratr  epist     Orat  de provincis consularibus  in L  Pisonem","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4680,"EventTxt":"When Gabinius had sent Aristobulus the king and his sons to Rome  the senate kept him prisoner but sent his sons immediately back again into Judea because they understood by Gabinius  letters that he had promised his mother this for the delivery of the citadels   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c      Josephus further added that Aristobulus held the kingdom and priesthood for three years and six months  The Arabian collector of the Jewish History   set forth by the same man at the end of the Parisian Bibles of many languages in c      understood it of the time of the former government until he was taken prisoner for the first time  However it seems rather to be understood of that former and this later time both taken together so that he reigned three years and three months before the former captivity   Josephus  Antiq        c      and before his second captivity  three months also","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4681,"EventTxt":"M  Cicero  in the speech before the senate  de Pro vinciis Consularibus  advised that L  Piso and A  Gabinius  in whose consulship he was banished  might be recalled and their provinces of Macedonia and Syria would be assigned to the future consuls  He objected to these things among others against Gabinius  vv When he was governor in Syria nothing was done but some work for money with the tyrants  confiscations  plundering  thieveries and murders  As the general of the people of Rome  when his army was in battle array  he stretched out his right hand and exhorted not his soldiers to gain honour but cried that all things were by him already bought or to be bought  Now he has delivered the wretched publicans into slavery  to Jews and Syrians  countries that were themselves born to slavery  He has continued in this that he will not do justice to a publican but he had revoked all agreements made between them without any wrong done by them  He had taken away all watches  he had freed those who paid tribute and many pensioners  In whatever town he was in or wherever he went  he forbid any publican or publican s servant to be there","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4682,"EventTxt":"Gabinius had afflicted Syria with many wrongs and had done more wrong to the province than the thieves who were very strong at that time  However  he accounted all this gain that he had gotten but very little and therefore planned an expedition against the Parthians and made preparation for that journey   Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4683,"EventTxt":"Pompey made Archelaus  the friend of Gabinius  the high priest of the Comani in Pontus   See note on   AM    He was living there with Gabinius and he hoped that he should be his companion in the Parthian wars that he was preparing for but the senate would not allow it   Strabo        p             p","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4684,"EventTxt":"Gabinius led his army against the Parthians and crossed the Euphrates River  Ptolemy came with letters from Pompey and promised that he would give a huge sum of money to Gabinius and his army  part to be paid now and part when he was restored to his kingdom  It was     talents that Ptolemy promised Gabinius as confirmed by Plutarch and Cicero   Cicero  in his Oration for Gabinius Posthumous  Cicero reckoned the sum to be       sestertiums  Most of the commanders were against it and Gabinius was hesitant to do it also although he would have liked to have lightened Ptolemy of those     talents  However  Antony  who was covetous of doing great matters and desirous to gratify Ptolemy s request  was very ready to go and persuaded Gabinius to undertake this war  The law forbid any provincial governor to go beyond the bounds of their own government nor undertake any war on their own initiative  Based on the oracle of Sibyll s verses  the people of Rome had forbidden the restoration of Ptolemy at all  The more he knew it was wrong the more he viewed the potential gains in wealth  Hence  he abandoned the Parthian expedition and he undertook the expedition against the Alexandrians   Josephus  Wars        c       Antiq        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Appian  in Syriacis  p       Parthicis  p       Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4685,"EventTxt":"At that time  Bernice  the daughter of Auletes  held the kingdom of Egypt  She had sent for Seleucus from Syria  who as he said himself  was of the stock of the Syrian kings  She married him and made him a partner in the rule of the kingdom and of the war  He was a most repulsive man   as Suetonius describes him in Vespasiano  c      and was surnamed in contempt  Ptolemy Cocces and Cybiosactes  Changeling  He broke open the golden coffin that the body of Alexander the Great was buried in but did not profit by that thievery  When the queen saw that he was so base a man  she strangled him within a few days since she could no longer endure his sordidness and niggardliness  She looked for another husband of royal extraction  Some friends brought Archelaus  the high priest of the Comani  who was then in Syria  He pretended that he was the son of Mithridates  under whom his father Archelaus had waged war against Sulla and the Romans   She married him and deemed him fit to rule the kingdom under the same conditions that Seleucus did  He ruled the kingdom together with her for six months   Strabo        p               p       Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4686,"EventTxt":"C  Clodius  the brother of P  Clodius  obtained the province of Asia through P  Clodius  office as praetor  which Dio   Dio         says he held this year    Cicero  ad Attic        epist     C  Scribonius Curio was his quaester in that province  Cicero sent many letters to him which are still extant   Cicero  Letters to his Friends","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3948,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3948b AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4687,"EventTxt":"By a law made by C  Trebonius  the tribune of the people  provinces were assigned to the new consuls  Cn  Pompey was given Spain and Africa and M  Licinius Crassus was assigned Syria with the adjacent countries  Power was given to both of them to take as many soldiers from Italy and from their allies as they wanted and to make peace or war with whom they wished   Livy          Plutarch  in Crassus  Pompey  Cato the Younger   Appian  Civil War        p          Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4688,"EventTxt":"As soon as Crassus had by lot obtained his province  he could not conceal his joy and supposed that nothing better could ever have happened to him  He would talk among his close friends so vainly and childishly so that it was not becoming his age and wisdom  He planned the conquest of Syria and Parthia and had vain hopes of even conquering the Bactrians  Indians and the eastern ocean  However  in the decree made by the people concerning his government  no mention was made of the Parthians yet all men knew that Crassus longed for that conquest  When Caesar wrote to him from Gaul  he commended his resolution and advised him to go on   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4689,"EventTxt":"A  Gabinius left his son  Sisenna  who was very young  with very few soldiers  This exposed the province which he governed  to the actions of thieves  He went through Palestine to Egypt  Dio         against Archelaus whom the Egyptians had chosen to be their king   Livy          In this expedition he used his friends Hyrcanus and Antipater for all the things that were necessary for the war  Antipater helped him with money  arms  men and grain    Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4690,"EventTxt":"They came to cross through deep  dry  sandy places about the fens and marshes of Solonis  which the Egyptians call the breath of Tyrphon  M  Antony was sent ahead with the cavalry  whom Gabinius had made commander of the cavalry even though he was very young    Appian  Civil War        p      Antony took the pass and also the very large city of Pelusium   Plutarch  in Antony  The Jews who inhabited Pelusium and were the guards of the pass into Egypt  were drawn to his side   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4691,"EventTxt":"After the garrison of Pelusium was conquered  Antony made the way safe for the army and settled in a fair way the victory for the general  As soon as Ptolemy had gone into Pelusium  he was so inflamed with anger and hatred that he would have put all the Egyptians to the sword  Antony interceded and would not allow him to   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4692,"EventTxt":"When Gabinius had marshalled his army into two battalions  he marched from Pelusium and the same day routed the Egyptians that opposed him   Dio","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4693,"EventTxt":"Cicero  in a speech that he made at Rome  extorted from the ignoble king of the Commagenians  the little town Zeugma that was located on the Euphrates River  He also spoke many things against him and he exposed him to ridicule by all men  the purple gown that he had gotten when Caesar was consul   Cicero  ad Quintum Frat         epist","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4694,"EventTxt":"On the ides of February  which happened on the Julian November  the Tyrians were admitted into the senate and oposite them were many of the Syrians and publicans  Gabinius was extremely upset  However  the publicans were chided by Domitius because they followed Gabinius  horse        Cicero  ad Quintum Frat         epist","YearBCAD":-56,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4658,"Dating":"3949a AM, 4658 JP, 56 BC"}
{"Index":4695,"EventTxt":"About the month of May  which happened on the Julian February  there was a great rumour at Puteoli that Ptolemy was in his kingdom   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      He indeed was in Egypt and Gabinius had taken Archelaus who came out against him sooner than they thought he would  So there was no more business to be done  However  Gabinius feared lest having done nothing he should receive less money from Ptolemy than was agreed upon  He also hoped that because Archelaus was a brave man and of good reputation that he would receive more money  He had received a great sum of money from Archelaus and he let him go as if he had escaped from him   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4696,"EventTxt":"M  Antony had done many noble acts in the fights and battles  By this he showed himself a valiant and wise commander  He was honoured with many excellent gifts especially for his tactic of surrounding the enemy from the rear and by that means he gave the victory to them that were attacking from the front   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4697,"EventTxt":"The people of Egypt marched from the walls of the city under the command of Archelaus against Gabinius  Archelaus had ordered that the camp should be fortified with a rampart and a ditch  They all cried out that the work should be done with the public money  Therefore their minds were so engrossed with pleasure  they could not withstand the attack of the Roman army   Valer  Maxim         c      Gabinius again obtained a victory by sea and land  The Alexandrians were brave and daring and by nature were heady and rash to speak anything that came into their minds  However  they were most unfit for war  Although in seditions  which happened often among them  and those were very great  they soon started to murder each other  They thought it good to die in this way   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4698,"EventTxt":"When Gabinius had conquered them and killed many in the fight including Archelaus  he was master of all Egypt which he turned over to Ptolemy   Dio          Livy          Strabo        p             p      All of this Cicero mentions in a few words  in his speech against Piso and refers to the madness of Gabinius  vv That vast wealth was now spent that he had drawn from the fortunes of the publicans  from the countries and cities of the allies  Part of it was devoured by his insatiable lust  part by his new and unheard of luxury  part by the purchases that he had made in those places that he had wholly plundered  part by bartering  and all for building up this mountain of Tuseuluni  When the intolerable building was stopped for a time  he sold to the Egyptian king  his fasces  the army of the people of Rome  in spite of the power and the threatening of the immortal gods  the answer of the priests  the authority of the senate  the commands of the people for the fame and dignity of the empire  Whereas the bounds of his province were as great as he wanted  as great as he could desire  as great as he could buy with the price of my life  yet could he not contain himself within them  He brought his army from Syria  How dared he carry it from the province  He made himself a mercenary soldier to the king of Alexandria and what was more vile than this  He came into Egypt and fought with the Alexandrians  When had either the senate or the people undertaken this war  He took Alexandria  What could he expect more from his madness but that he would send letters to the senate telling of all the famous acts that he had done","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4699,"EventTxt":"Dio observed that he did not send the letters lest he himself might be the witness of his own villainies","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4700,"EventTxt":"M  Antony contended for the body of the dead Archelaus  who was his close friend  and gave it a royal burial  He was famous among the Alexandrians for this deed   Plutarch  in Antony  In Pontus  the son of Archelaus received the priesthood of the Commani after his father   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4701,"EventTxt":"Gabinius left some of his soldiers for a guard with Ptolemy at Alexandria  These later lived after the manner of the Alexandrian life and licentiousness  They forgot the name and discipline of the people of Rome and married wives by whom they had many children   Caesar  Civil War         Lucan adds   Lucan         The greater part were Latins born  But they  corrupted into foreign manners  Did so forget themselves  they did not scorn  To obey a sergeant  follow a servant s banners  Whom the Pharian tyrants rule was much below","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4702,"EventTxt":"When Ptolemy was restored to his kingdom  he put to death his daughter  the queen Bernice   Strabo        p       Dio         Porphyr  in Grac  Eusebian  Scaliger  p      He also killed many of the rich noblemen because he needed much money   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4703,"EventTxt":"C  Rabirius Posthumous was a Roman equestrian who had rashly trusted Ptolemy when he was in his kingdom and when he came to Rome  Ptolemy left with his money and the money of his friends  In order to recover the money  he was forced to change the Roman robe for the Greek robe at Alexandria  He had to undertake there the proctorship and stewardship for the king  He was made the king s overseer by Auletes  Notwithstanding  he was later put in prison and saw many of his close friends put in bonds and death was always before his eyes  At last he was forced to flee from the kingdom  naked and poor   Cicero  pro C  Rabirius","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4704,"EventTxt":"While Gabinius stayed in Egypt  Alexander  the son of Aristobulus  again seized by force the government and made many of the Jews revolt  He gathered a large army and foraged the country  He killed all the Romans he found and besieged all those that fled to Mount Gerizim  When Gabinius returned  he sent Antipater who was known for his great wisdom  to the rebellious Jews  He was able to make many submit to him in obedience  However  Alexander had with him     Jews and fought with Gabinius near the Itabyr Mountain  The Jews lost     men  After Gabinius had settled the affairs of Jerusalem by following Antipater s advice  he went against the Nabateans whom he overcame in one battle   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4705,"EventTxt":"King Mithridates  the son of Phraates the second  was abandoned by Gabinius and did not recover the Parthian kingdom with the help of the Arabians   This was commonly believed from the incorrect interpretation of the words of Appian   Appian  in Syriacis  p       Rather  he retired to Babylon  as is gathered from Justin  When his brother  Orodes  had long besieged and finally  because of the famine  he forced the city to surrender  Mithridates trusted on the fact that he was his brother and surrendered to him  However  Orodes took him rather for an enemy than a brother  and commanded him to be killed before his eyes   Justin      c","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4706,"EventTxt":"Gabinius secretly sent back Mithridates and Orsanes who were men of renown among the Parthians and who had fled to him  He spread rumours among the soldiers that they had fled   Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4707,"EventTxt":"The Syrians complained very much about Gabinius  Among other things that because of his absence  they were grievously bothered with thieves  The publicans also complained  that by reason of the thieves  they could not gather the tribute and were deeply in debt  The Romans were angry and determined to have the matter judged and were prepared to condemn him  Cicero also vehemently accused Gabinius and was of the opinion that the Sibyl s oracles should be read again  He convinced himself that there was some punishment determined for him who had violated the oracles  However  both Pompey and Crassus  who was one of the consuls  favoured Gabinius  Pompey favoured him of his own will  He did this to gratify his colleague and also for the money that Gabinius had sent  Since both of them publicly defended him  they allowed nothing to be decreed against him  They had Cicero banished   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4708,"EventTxt":"In his second consulship  Pompey dedicated his theatre by exhibiting most magnificent plays and shows   Cicero  de Offic         Letters to his Friends        epist      Ascon  Pedian  in Orat  Pisonianam    Although it was reported that this theatre was not built by Pompey himself  but by his freed man Demetrius   who was a Gadarene  from the money that he had obtained when he was a soldier under him  He gave the honour of this work to Pompey lest he should be ill spoken of that a freed man of his should get so much money and that he could spend so much   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4709,"EventTxt":"Gabinius did not allow the lieutenant that was sent by Crassus to succeed him in the province of Syria  He kept it as if he had received a perpetual government   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4710,"EventTxt":"The tribunes of the people hindered Crassus  the consul  from raising any soldiers and endeavoured to make void the expedition that was decreed to him  Crassus took up arms  The tribunes of the people  saw that their liberty was threatened and for lack of arms were helpless to withstand his actions  They stopped their actions but cursed him to the pit of hell  As Crassus went into the capital to make his accustomed prayers for a prosperous journey  they told him what unlucky signs and prodigies had happened   Dio","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4711,"EventTxt":"Ateius  the tribune of the people  was prepared to hinder Crassus  departure as were many others who were offended that he should plan to make war against men that were at peace with them and who were confederates  Crassus feared this and desired that Pompey would go with him from the city for Pompey was held in high esteem with the common people  Although many were prepared to hinder Crassus  yet when they saw Pompey go ahead of him with a pleasant and smiling countenance  they held their peace and made a path for them   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4712,"EventTxt":"When Ateius  the tribune  met Crassus  he forbade him to go any farther  Then he ordered a sergeant to lay hold on him and carry him to prison  However  the rest of the tribunes would not allow it and Crassus got outside the walls   Plutarch  in Crassus   Dio         However  Ateius ran to the gate and there started a fire  As Crassus passed by  he cast in perfumes and made sprinklings over it and pronounced horrible curses and called on the terrible and strange names of the gods  The Romans thought these secret and ancient exhortations to be of such force that he that was so cursed could not escape their power nor he that cursed anyone would ever prosper   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4713,"EventTxt":"Floras  Floras        c      wrote that Metellus  the tribune of the people  made hostile curses on Crassus when he started his journey  Velleius Paterculus  Velleius Paterculus        c      stated that all the tribunes of the people cursed Crassus  Appian   Appian  Civil War        p      and Dio  Dio         noted The tribunes so ill befriended Crassus  with curses he his march attended","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4714,"EventTxt":"Lucan  Lucan          said that P  Ateius mainly pronounced those curses and set a sign before him and warned him of what would happen unless he took heed  Cicero   Cicero  de divinatione         from whose house Crassus left for the province  for Cicero had dined with him in the gardens of his son in law Crassippes   Cicero  Letters to His Friends        epist       From there Cicero went to Tusculanum about the middle of November  which happened on the Julian August  and Crassus went on his journey clad in his armour   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":12,"EventTxt":"At Brundusium  Crassus shipped his army   Cicero  de divine","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4715,"EventTxt":"Crassus sailed from Brundusium before the storms were over on the seas and he lost many of his ships  He landed his army from those that survived and he marched by land through Galatia  He found King Dejotarus  a very old man  building a new city and mocked him by saying  vv Do you begin to build in the afternoon","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4716,"EventTxt":"The king smilingly answered  vv Truly I think  O General  you do not go against the Parthians in the morning","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4717,"EventTxt":"Crassus was older than   and his face made him seem older than he was   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3949,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3949b AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4718,"EventTxt":"Cicero very earnestly defended the cause of Crassus in his absence against the new consuls and many that had been consuls   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-55,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4659,"Dating":"3950a AM, 4659 JP, 55 BC"}
{"Index":4719,"EventTxt":"Crassus had not much to do in Syria  for the Syrians were quiet and those that had troubled Syria were afraid of the power of Crassus and did not stir  Crassus undertook an expedition against the Parthians  There was no reason for making war upon them  only that he heard that they were rich  He hoped that Orodes  who now reigned  would easily be overcome   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4720,"EventTxt":"When he heard of the riches of the temple of Jerusalem  which Pompey had left untouched  he turned aside into Palestine and came to Jerusalem and took away the riches   Oros        c","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4721,"EventTxt":"In the temple was a wedge of solid gold  weighing   Hebrew pounds or   common pounds  It was enclosed in an hollow beam of wood on which they hung the hangings of the temple which were admired for their beauty and esteem  Eleazar  a priest  who was the keeper of the sacred treasure  only knew about this  When he saw Crassus so greedy in gathering up the gold  he feared lest he should take away all the ornaments of the temple  He turned over to him the golden beam as a ransom for all the rest  He first bound him by an oath that he would not take anything else  In spite of this  Crassus took this and immediately broke his oath and took from the temple   talents  which Pompey had not touched as well as all the rest of the gold which tallied to   Attic talents  Josephus tried to prove the existence of these vast riches for he was persuaded that it would scarcely be believed among people of other counties  He cites the historical writings of Strabo of Cappadocia which are now lost and from others that there was found there in olden times gold sent from the Jews that lived in Europe  Asia and Cyrene   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4722,"EventTxt":"Crassus built a bridge over the Euphrates River and easily and safely crossed the river with his army  He controlled many towns that voluntarily yielded to him   Plutarch  in Crassus  They did not expect Crassus  arrival so that there was scarcely any established garrisons in all of Mesopotamia   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4723,"EventTxt":"Talymenus Ilaces  or Syllaces  the governor of that country  fought with Crassus with a few cavalry and was defeated  He was wounded and retired to the king and informed him of the expedition of Crassus   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4724,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Crassus recovered many cities  especially those that belonged to the Greeks including Nicephorium  For many of the inhabitants of the Macedonians and Greeks who served in the wars under the Macedonians feared the tyranny of the Parthians  They hoped for a better deal from the Romans and Crassus knew the Greeks favoured Rome and they very willingly revolted from the Parthians   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4725,"EventTxt":"Only the citizens of Zenodotia  where Apollonius was the ruler  killed an hundred Roman soldiers  They had allowed them within their walls as if they meant to surrender to them  Thereupon Crassus brought his whole army there and captured the city  He sacked it and sold the inhabitants because of this outrage  Although this was Crassus  first encounter with an enemy  he allowed himself to be called imperator or captain general  This turned out to his disgrace and to be thought of as a lowly man as if he did not hope for any great matters since he was puffed up with so small a success   Dio         Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4726,"EventTxt":"Gabinius returned into Italy when Domitius and Appius were consuls   Ascon  Pedian  in init  orat  Pisonian    These same consuls were there again and gave judgment against Gabinius when he was absent  Although Pompey stood very earnestly for him  the opinion of many of the judges was against him  For Domitius was an enemy to Pompey  by reason of the dispute about the demanding of the consulship and because he had taken that office against his good will  Although Appias was a relative of Pompey  he planned that by flattering the people  he hoped that if he made any move  he would be bribed by Gabinius  To that end he directed all his actions  Therefore it was decreed that the Sibyl s verses should be read over again although Pompey was much against it  In the meantime  the money that was sent by Gabinius came to Rome  The money wrought so much that Gabinius was sure not to suffer any great loss whether he was absent or present  For there was then such confusion at Rome that when Gabinius had but given part of that money to bribe the magistrates and some of the judges  they did not want to bring the matter to justice  Others had learned that they could be wicked with impunity and that money easily bought justice and removed the threat of punishment   Dio l","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4727,"EventTxt":"On the twelfth of October   about the Julian July  Gabinius came into the city  On the fourth of October  he entered the city by night  Cicero  ad Quint  Fratr        epist      for he was so tormented by his conscience for his ugly actions that it was late when he came into Italy  He came by night into the city and dared not go out of his own house for many days   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4728,"EventTxt":"Various factions accused Gabinius  L  Lentulus  the son of the Flamen  accused him of treason  T  Nero  with various good men joined in this accusation along with C  Memmius  the tribune of the people with Lucius Capita  After he was accused of treason  he appeared by the edict of C  Alsius the praetor  He was almost trodden under foot by the great crowd and was hated by all the people   Cicero  ad Quintum Fratr         epist","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4729,"EventTxt":"On the tenth day after he came into the city  on which he ought to have given an account of the number of the enemies and his soldiers  he was quite astonished in the midst of a great multitude  Appius  the consul  accused him of treason  When his name was called he answered not a word  When he wanted to leave  he was detained by the consuls and the publicans were brought in  He was accused on all sides  When he was most of all wounded by the words of Cicero  he could not endure it  With a trembling voice Cicero called him a banished man  All the senate rose against him with a shout so that they came to him where he stood  Likewise the publicans did the same with the similar shout and with violence  On the sixth  the ides of October  Memmius angrily put Gabinius before the people so that Calidius could not speak for him  The next day  there was a divination of Cato  the praetor s house  for the appointing of an accuser against Gabinius  They selected between Memmius or T  Nero or C  and L  Antony  the sons of Marcus   Cicero  ad Quintum Fratr         epist","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4730,"EventTxt":"There were many accusations against Gabinius and not a few accusers  The first thing that was debated concerned the crime of restoring Ptolemy to his kingdom  Almost all the people flocked to the tribunal and they had often a mind to pull him in pieces  especially because Pompey was not there  Cicero had most sharply accused him   Dio         Cicero  Cicero  ad Quintum Fratr         epist         denies that he accused him  He did this from fear of having any quarrels with Pompey or because he did not doubt that justice would be done whether he was there or not  or he would be for ever disgraced if such an infamous guilty person should escape justice if he pleaded against him  VV I was much delighted  said he in epist      with this moderation  and this also pleased me that  when I had sharply spoken both according to condolence and religion  the defendant said that if he might be in the city that he would give me satisfaction  Neither did he ask me anything","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4731,"EventTxt":"In the ninth epistle  Cicero stated  VV A  that I did  I did with much gravity and unity as all were of the same opinion  I neither urged it nor anything qualified it  I was a vehement witness  I did nothing else","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4732,"EventTxt":"In this trial for treason  Gabinius was very slow in answering and was hated by all kinds of men  Alsius was a sharp and good witness against him  Pompey was very earnest to beg the judges to favour him   Cicero  ad quintuus Fratr         epist      Gabinius said that he restored Ptolemy for the good of the state because he was afraid of the fleet of Archelaus and because he thought the sea would be filled with pirates  He said also that he might do it by law   Cicero  in orat  pro Rabinio  Posthumo    The friends of Caesar and Pompey were very eager to help him and said that the Sibyl referred to another king and another time  They pleaded this the most because in the oracle there was no specific punishment mentioned   Dio         Lucius Lentulus was incredibly young to be a prosecutor  All said he was brought in on purpose so that Gabinius might win  In spite of this  there had been great disputes and intreaties by Pompey and a rumour of a dictatorship which caused much fear  Gabinius had not replied to Lucius Lentulus  When the judges gave their sentence  there were   who condemned him and  who absolved him   Cicero        epist      ad Quintum Fratr        epist","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4733,"EventTxt":"Dio  Dio        stated that when Gabinius stood the trial for so high crimes that he gave great sums of money  When he was absolved  there wanted but little  However  the people killed the judges  Gabinius was brought to the judgment of the people by Memmius and freed by the intercession of Laelius  the tribune of the people  Valerius Maximus  Valerius Maximus        c      stated what happened  A  Gabinius in the midst of his infamy  was subjected to trial of the people by C  Memmius  his accuser  It seemed as if all his hopes were dashed because the accusation was fully proved and his defence was very weak  Those that judged him  through a rash anger  were very desirous to punish him  The lictor and prison were always before his eyes  All this was thwarted by the intervention of a propitious fortune  Sisenna  the son of Gabinius  through the mere impulsion of amazement  fell humbly prostrate before Memmius  From there he hoped for some assuaging of the storm at its source  Memmius  the insolent conqueror  rejected him with a stern countenance and took his ring from his finger and let it lie on the ground a great while  This spectacle was the reason that Laelius  the tribune of the people  ordered that Gabinius be dismissed  We may learn by this example  neither insolently to abuse the success of prosperity nor that anyone ought to be too much cast down by adversity","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4734,"EventTxt":"In spite of this acquittal  Gabinius was on trial again for other reasons and that he had wrongfully extorted      either drachmas or pence  from the province  He was condemned of extortion  Pompey who was gone from the city to provide grain   for much grain was ruined by the flooding of the Tiber River  was still in Italy  He hurried to be present at the trial but when he saw that he came too late  he did not leave the suburbs until the trial was finished  Pompey called the people together outside the walls of the city   because it was not lawful for a proconsul to come into the city  and spoke to them on the behalf of Gabinius  He read to them the letters that he had received from Caesar concerning the safety of Gabinius  He used many intreaties with the judges  He prevented Cicero from prosecuting Gabinius and persuaded Cicero to defend him  However  all these things did not help Gabinius  The judges condemned him partly for the fear of the people and partly because they had not received any large bribes from Gabinius   who being accused for small wrongs did not bestow much money and surely thought he would be freed   They condemned him to banishment and Caesar later restored him and brought him back   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4735,"EventTxt":"Cicero   Cicero  pro Rabirius Posthumus  acknowledged that he did very earnestly defend Gabinius after that they became friends who were formerly great enemies  Although this favour is commended by Valerius Maximus   Valerius Maximus        c      Dio confirmed  that Cicero was branded with the name and crime of a renegade  Truly Marcus Cicero quite forgot what he had previously written to his brother Quintus   Cicero        epist      VV I would be ruined if I had defended Gabinius as Pansa thought I ought to have done","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4736,"EventTxt":"Although he  Cicero  pro Rabirius Posthumus   gives this account of his actions  vv The renewing of our friendship was the reason that I defended Gabinius  Neither does it ever grieve me to have a mortal hatred and immortal friendship","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4737,"EventTxt":"Timagenes  the Alexandrian  or the Egyptian  according to some  was the son of the king s treasurer  He was captured in the war and brought to Rome by Gabinius  He was redeemed by Faustus  the son of Sulla  and taught rhetoric at Rome  under Pompey  Julius Caesar  and the triumvirs and wrote many books    Suidas in Timagenhj","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4738,"EventTxt":"When Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther  the proconsul of Cilicia had done well in the war  his army greeted him as imperator or captain general   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3950,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3950b AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4739,"EventTxt":"About the end of his term as consul  Appius Claudius Pulcher  the senate decreed he was to replace to P  Cornelius Lentulus  This law was not ratified by the people and he went into Cilicia at his own expense   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      ad Quintum fratr         epist      ad Attic        epist      Lentulus went to meet him when he came into the province   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       When Appius took over the command  he most miserably afflicted the province and almost destroyed it   Cicero  ad Attic        epist           epist","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3951a AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4740,"EventTxt":"Crassus should have followed up his initial successes he had in first taking the places in Mesopotamia with the full force of his army and made good use of the fear the barbarians of him  He should have attacked Babylon and Seleucia which were cities that were always enemies to the Parthians  Instead he was weary of being in Mesopotamia and longing after the ease and idleness in Syria  He gave the Parthians time to prepare for war and occasions for attacking those Roman soldiers that were left in Mesopotamia   Plutarch  in Crassus   Dio","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3951a AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4741,"EventTxt":"He had placed garrisons in those cities that had surrendered to him  These amounted to   foot soldiers and   cavalry  He returned to Syria to winter there  His son  P  Crassus  came to him from Julius Caesar from Gaul  who had bestowed upon him such gifts as generals usually do  He brought with him a   choice cavalry   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3951a AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4742,"EventTxt":"Crassus spent his time in Syria more like a publican than like a general  He did not spend his time in getting arms or training his soldiers  Instead he tallied up the revenues of the cities and for many days was weighing and measuring the treasures of the goddess of Hierapolis  He also demanded soldiers from various people and then discharged them for a sum of money  These actions brought him into contempt  As they were going from the temple of the goddess of Hierapolis  the young Crassus fell on the threshold and his father fell on top of him   Plutarch  in Crassus  Hierapolis is that city which some call Bambyce  others Edessa and the Syrians  Magog  The Syrian goddess  Atargatis  called by the Greeks  Derceto  was worshipped here    Strabo        p       Pliny       c","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3951a AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4743,"EventTxt":"Rabitius Posthumus was accused before the judges of treason because he followed Ptolemy to Alexandria for the money that he owed him   Sueton  in Claudia  c      After Gabinius was condemned of extortion and gone into banishment  C  Memmius accused Rabirius because the king made him his dioecetes or treasure  He had wore the clothes of Alexandria and had gathered money from the tributes which was imposed by Gabinius and himself  Cicero defended when it was very cold  This may be deduced from his speech which is still extant","YearBCAD":-54,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4660,"Dating":"3951a AM, 4660 JP, 54 BC"}
{"Index":4744,"EventTxt":"M  Crassus and his son Publius were killed and the army was routed and perished with shame and disgrace beyond the Euphrates River   Cicero  de divinatione         Dio mentions this defeat  Dio        but Plutarch treats it more fully   Plutarch  in Crassus  Appian copied Plutarch word for word in his writings   Appian  de Parthicis  Therefore it will be worth the work to record the main parts of this most famous history  taken from these accounts as Salianus has done","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4745,"EventTxt":"Orodes  the king of the Parthians  sent ambassadors to Syria to Crassus  They were find out why Mesopotamia was invaded and demand the reasons why he started this war  Orodes also sent Surana with an army to recover those places that had been taken or revolted  He personally made an expedition into Armenia  least Artabazes the son of Tigranes  who reigned there and was afraid of his own Kingdom  would send any help to the Romans   Dio","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4746,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of Orodes came to Crassus in Syria as he was drawing his forces from of their winter quarters   although Floras relates that this was done in Mesopotamia when Crassus was camped at Nicephorium   The reminded him of the league that they had made with Pompey and Sulla and by this declared to him that if this army was sent against the Parthians by the people of Rome that then they would have no peace with the Romans  If Crassus had brought this war against the Parthians for his own private gain and had seized his cities  then their king would use him more favourably considering Crassus  old age and he would send back his soldiers to the people of Rome  Crassus was blinded by the king s treasures and did not reply nor did he pretend to excuse the war  Crassus said that he would answer them at Seleucia   Floras        c       Plutarch  in Crassus   Dio        Then Vageses  the chief of the ambassadors  smiled  and struck the palm of his right hand with the fingers of his left and said that hairs would sooner grow there then that Crassus would see Seleucia  So the ambassadors returned and told King Orodes that he must prepare for war","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4747,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  certain soldiers who had been left in garrison in Mesopotamia  barely escaped with great danger and brought Crassus news  The told of the approach formidable multitude of the Parthians  what kind of weapons they used and how they fought  They spoke from experience  This so discouraged the Romans that some of the captains were of opinion that Crassus should stay and hold a council  about the whole business  Cassius  the treasurer of Crassus was one who urged this  The soothsayers also tried to deter him but Crassus would not listen to any of them","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4748,"EventTxt":"Crassus was mainly by Artabazes  the king of the Armenians  who came into his camp with   cavalry who were said to be the king s own guard  He promised him another     men at arms  and     foot soldiers whom he would pay  He also persuaded Crassus that he should invade Parthia through Armenia and that he would abundantly supply his army  The march that way would be safer because of the unevenness of the country and so not so much in danger of the large numbers of Parthian cavalry  Crassus neglected this most wise counsel and thanked the Armenian  He sent him back and told him that he would march through Mesopotamia where he had left many good soldiers of the Romans","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4749,"EventTxt":"When he came to Zeugma  on the bank of Euphrates River  he ignored many bad prodigies which Plutarch and Dio mentioned  The main one was this  as it is noted in Julius Obsequens  in his book of prodigies  He stated that  VV A sudden wind snatched the standard from the standard bearer  and it sank in the water  A sudden darkness of the sky that fell and hindered their crossing","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4750,"EventTxt":"In spite of this Crassus was determined to go on  Floras   Floras        c      stated this  vv When the army had passed Zonguia  sudden whirlwind threw the standard into Euphrates River where it sank","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4751,"EventTxt":"Crassus also ignored the council of Cassius  He advised him that he should refresh his army in some of the cities where he had a garrison  until he heard some definite news of the Parthians  Otherwise  he should march along the river to Seleucia and so the ships would supply him with food and would follow the camp  The river would keep the enemy from surrounding him","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4752,"EventTxt":"As Crassus was considering these things  Auganus or Abgarus Osroenus dissuaded him from this good advice  He is correctly named by Dio  Floras  Floras        c      called him Mazares the Syrian and the copies of the Breviary of Sextus Rufus vary  He was called Mazaras  Marachus  Macoras and also Abgarus  In Plutarch  he was called Ariamnes  a captain of the Arabians  Although in some copies of Plutarch and in those from which the Parthica of Appian are taken  he is called Acbarus  This man was formerly in league with the Romans in Pomepy s time but now followed the Parthians  Although he was on the Parthian s side  he pretended that he was a good friend to Crassus and liberally gave much money to him  He found out all Crassus  plans and told them to the Parthians  When Crassus was determined to march to Seleucia  and from there to go to the city of Ctesiphon  Auganus persuaded Crassus that he follow that plan because it would take too long  Instead  he should lead his army directly against Sillax and Surena  two of Orodes his captains   He would leave Euphrates River behind him which was his only supply line and fortification for him","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4753,"EventTxt":"He then led his army through a vast sandy desert plain that lacked water and any green herb  Crassus began to suspect treason  especially when Artabazes sent ambassadors to him and told him that he could send him no forces because he was fighting a major war for Orodes had now wasted the country of the Armenians  He very earnestly advised Crassus to come into Armenia and to join forces with him that together they might fight with Orodes  If he was not pleased to do this then he should be sure to avoid those places that were most suitable for cavalry  Crassus angrily rejected this advice and did not write to the king  He told them that he had no time to think about Armenia but that on his return he would punish Armenian for its treachery  Abgarus left immediately before his treachery was discovered  He had persuaded Crassus that he might surround the enemies and rout them","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4754,"EventTxt":"They had not gone far when a few scouts returned  for the rest were killed by the enemy  and told them that there were huge forces  who courageously marched on toward them  At this Crassus was astonished and all the army was paralysed with fear  Crassus at the first followed Cassius  advice and set his battle formation wide  Presently he changed his mind  and he contracted his forces and made it square and deep  He gave the leading of one wing to Cassius and the other to his son C  Publius  He led the battle in the middle  As soon as they came to the Balissus River  most of the commanders tried to persuade him to camp and to lodge there all night  In the meantime  they should send scouts to see what forces the enemy had and how they were armed  Crassus ignored this good advice because his son and some of his cavalry were eager for a fight  So he commanded them that would eat and drink  They should do it standing and keep their ranks  Before this could be done by all  he marched on with a disorderly march  not in formation and quietly until the enemies were seen","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4755,"EventTxt":"Surenas did not show all his forces at first nor the brilliance of their arms  He placed his troops in a convenient place to terrify the Romans  When they tried with their lances to make the Romans break rank  they could not  As soon as they saw the depth of the Roman forces and that the soldiers kept their ranks  they retired  When they seemed to be in disorder  they surrounded the Romans before the Romans realised it  After Crassus commanded his light cavalry to attack them  they had not marched very far when they were showered with arrows and were forced to retire to the main body of troops  This was the beginning of the fear and disorder of the Romans especially when they saw the force of the weapons that broke through everything and caused many nasty wounds","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4756,"EventTxt":"The Parthians left them and began to shoot with their arrows on every side at the whole body of the army  No arrow fell in vain  They hit with so great a force that it made either an horrible wound or most commonly resulted in death  The Parthians continued shooting even when they withdrew from the Romans  The Romans were encouraged that when they had shot all their arrows  then the battle would be fought by hand to hand combat  However  they soon knew that there were many camels loaded with arrows from which they that had first shot all their arrows  went to get more  Crassus began to despair and knew that there would be no end of their shooting until they were all killed with their arrows  Thereupon  he ordered his son to endeavour by all means to join battle with the enemy before they were surrounded","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4757,"EventTxt":"The young Crassus took with him   cavalry    of which he had received from Caesar     archers  and eight ensigns of the next footmen who had bucklers  He charged the Parthians who fled on purpose to draw him a good way off from his father  Then they turned around and shot them through with their arrows on every side  Publius   whom Orosius commended as a most famous and excellent young man   Orosius        c      Eutropius          commanded a gentleman to thrust him through the side because he could not use his hand that was shot through  Censorinus  a senator and orator is said to have died in a similar way  Magabacchus  who was valiant man both in body and mind  thrust himself through  as did the rest of the nobility  The rest fled to an hill and were killed in the fight by the spears of the Parthians  There were   said to be taken prisoners","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4758,"EventTxt":"They cut off Publius  head and marched toward Crassus who was expecting the return of his son during the time the enemy did not press them so hard  However  messenger came upon messenger and said that Publius was totally defeated unless he was immediately helped with a very strong force  Crassus planned to march with the whole army when the enemies came upon him  They made a terrible noise and had become more fierce because of the victory  They brought the head of his son upon a spear  That spectacle broke the hearts of the Romans  in spite of Crassus  endeavours to encourage his men to wipe the joy from the enemy of their victory and to revenge their cruelty  The battle was renewed but the Romans were wounded on every side again with their arrows  Many died miserably  For those who desperately thought that they might escape the arrows  charged with large lances the enemy who were forced into a small area  With one thrust  they struck through two bodies  This continued as night approached and the Parthians retired  They bragged that they would allow Crassus one night to bemoan his son","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4759,"EventTxt":"That same night Octavian and Crassus called together the centurions and soldiers  Crassus was overwhelmed with sorrow for the army s defeat and the death of his son  He kept himself in the dark with his head covered  They feared what was yet to come and forced the rest of the army to consider fleeing  The army in all places began to break camp without any sound of trumpet  When those that were weak knew they were being abandoned  there was great tumult and confusion and all the camp was filled with howling and lamentations  Then fear and terror seized those that marched because they thought the enemy would be aroused by this noise and come and attack them  Indeed the enemy did know that they were leaving but did not pursue them  Three hundred light cavalry under their Captain Egnatius came to Carrae late in the night  He called to the watch and ordered them to tell Coponius  the governor  that Crassus had had a major battle with the Parthians  That is all he said and marched quickly to Zeugma  Coponius  assumed by the vagueness of the message that this was not good news  He presently armed his men and met Crassus who marched slowly because of his wounded men  He received him with his army into the city","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4760,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day  the Parthians went to the Roman camp and there killed   that were left there  Many also of their cavalry men were captured as they were wandering in the plain  Among these there were four cohorts who were led by Vargunteius  a lieutenant  and had lost their way in the night  These retired to an hill which the Parthians quickly surrounded  They killed them all in a fight  except twenty soldiers  These broke through the midst of the enemy and came safely to Carrae  Orosius also mentions this slaughter of Vargunteius   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4761,"EventTxt":"Surenas was uncertain whether Crassus and Cassius were at Carrae or fled to some other place  He sent certain men to Carrae that he might know the truth under a pretence of making a league with the Romans if they would surrender Mesopotamia  The Romans approved of this because they were in a desperate condition  The Parthians demanded a time and place for the meeting of Crassus and Surenas  When Surenas knew that the enemy was shut up in Carrae  the next day he came before it with his whole army and besieged the place  He commanded the Romans that if they wanted any truce that they should deliver Crassus and Cassius as prisoners  Hereupon  the Romans were exceedingly sorrowful that they were so cheated  They gave up all hope of any help from the Armenians and they thought how they might escape by flight","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4762,"EventTxt":"This council was to be kept secret from any of the Carrenians  however  Crassus told it to Andromachus  who was the most perfidious of all men  Crassus used him for their guide on his march  Thereupon the Parthians knew all their councils because of the treachery of Andromachus  Since it was not the custom nor safe for the Parthians to fight at night  Crassus went out by night  Lest the enemy should not be able to catch up  Andromachus led them  sometimes one way and sometimes another  Finally he led them into deep bogs and places that were full of ditches  There were some who suspected Andromachus  often turnings and would not follow him for Cassius had retired to Carrae and from there with   men made his way into Syria  Others  who got trustworthy guides  took the way of the Synaca Mountains and before day  they retired into a safe place  These were almost five thousand men  under Octavian  a valiant man and their commander","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4763,"EventTxt":"The day overtook Crassus  who was entangled in those difficult places and bogs because of the treachery of Andromachus  He got through those areas with much difficulty along with four cohorts of legionary soldiers  a few cavalry and five lictors  When the enemy approached  he fled to another hill  within     miles of Octavian  It was not so well fortified nor too steep for horses  It was below the Synaca Mountains and joined to it with a long neck of land that stretched through the middle of the whole plain  Hence Octavian could easily see the danger that Crassus was in  Therefore he first  with a few others came to his aid  The rest chided one another and followed him and drove the enemy from the hill  He received Crassus into the middle of them and covered him with their shields and encouraged him  No weapon of the Parthians could touch the body of their general until they had killed those who defended him to the last man","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4764,"EventTxt":"Surenas saw that the Parthians were not so courageous as they should be and that it was a dangerous thing to fight with desperate men  especially when they fought from higher ground  If night should overtake them then the Romans could not be taken  They would keep to the mountains and go to the Armenians and so might by their means  renew the war as Dio stated  Surenas plotted another treacherous deed  He let some prisoners go free who had overheard some of the barbarians say on purpose that their king was not altogether against making peace with the Romans and that he would use Crassus with all the civility that might be if he could make peace  In the meanwhile  the barbarians stopped fighting and Surenas with some noble men  came near the hill with his bow unbent  He held out his right hand and invited Crassus to make a league with him  He told him that he had experienced of the force of the Parthians but now  if he wanted  he would experience his humanity  Crassus did not go to him because he was afraid of him and saw no reason for this sudden change of heart","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4765,"EventTxt":"However  the soldiers demanded peace even with harsh words to Crassus  He tried to persuade and reason with them that if they could hold out for the rest of the day  then that night they could march through the mountainous places  They should not abandon the hope of safety that was so near them  They began to rebel and beat their harnesses and began to threaten him  He was afraid and he went toward the enemy but turned around to his own men and said  vv Yea  if Octavian and Petronius and all you Roman commanders that are here with me  see what violence is done to me  yet  if ever any of you shall get away safely  say that Crassus was deceived by his enemies and not delivered up by his own citizens","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4766,"EventTxt":"This he might seem to have said as he were trying by this friendly speech if he could assuage their obstinate minds  while he provided for their honour  However  Octavian and the rest did not remain on the hill but went down with him  Crassus forbid the lictors who wanted to follow him for his honour s sake","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4767,"EventTxt":"The first who came from the barbarians were two half breed Greeks  They dismounted from their horses and greeted him in Greek and desired that he would send some ahead to see if Surenas and the rest that came to the parley  had arrived safely  Crassus sent the two Roscii that were brothers whom Surenas detained  Surenas came on horseback but Crassus was walking  He commanded that an horse should be brought to him and that he should go to the river side to write the articles of the peace  Because the Romans were not very mindful of their covenants  Surenas gave him his right hand  When Crassus sent for an horse  Surenas told him there was no great need  for the king has given you one  Soon an horse with a golden bridle was brought to him  The grooms mounted Crassus and followed him behind and lashed the horse  First  Octavian took hold of the bridle and after him  Petronius  one of the colonels  Then the rest of the Romans came around him to steady the horse and to take him from them that pressed around Crassus on every side","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4768,"EventTxt":"At first they were jostling and thrusting one the other  at last they started fighting  Octavian drew his sword and killed a groom  one of the barbarians  Another struck Octavian from behind and killed him  Petronius had no weapon and was being hit on his coat of mail  He got off his horse and was not harmed  Promanaethros or Manarthes by name  a Parthian  killed Crassus  Others said that he cut off his head and right hand when he lay dead  Dio leaves it in doubt whether he was killed by his own men lest he fall alive into the enemies  hands or whether he was killed by the enemies  Livy stated   Livy          vv He was taken and resisted lest he be captured alive and he was killed  He was allured to a parley by a sign given by the enemy  He would have quickly fallen into their hands unless the resistance of the tribunes  had not stirred the barbarians to prevent the flight of the general","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4769,"EventTxt":"Floras stated  Floras        c      and Sextus Rufus followed him  in his Breviary to Valentinian the Emperor and said  vv Crassus himself was allured to a parley and might have been taken alive except for the resistance of the tribunes  he escaped and while he fled  he was killed","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4770,"EventTxt":"Surenas  the general of the Parthians  took Crassus by treachery  and killed him at Sinnaca  a city of Mesopotamia  Strabo        p      although he would rather have taken him alive   Orosius        c       Velleius Paterculus stated that he was killed with most of the Roman army   Velleius Paterculus        c      Pliny stated that all the Lucanian soldiers were killed with him of which there were many in the army   Pliny        c      Jornandes wrote that they lost almost eleven legions and their general   Jornandes  de regno  succession   It is said that the number of those that were killed were      Only     were taken alive by the enemy according to Plutarch and Appian  Of the     in the army      barely escaped into Syria   Appian  Civil War        p      This happened in the month of June   Ovid  Fastorusm         Dio   Dio         said it was in the middle of summer  He also added that at this time  the Parthians recovered all their country again that lay within the Euphrates River","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4771,"EventTxt":"The survivors of the Roman army shifted for themselves  They were scattered by flight into Armenia  Cilicia and Syria  there was scarcely a man alive to bring the news of the overthrow    Floras        c          As soon as this major defeat was known  many provinces of the east would have revolted from the alliance and protection of the people of Rome  unless Cassius had gathered together a few soldiers from them who fled  He went to Syria and began to grow proud with great virtue and moderation   Orosius        c      This is the same Cassius who would not accept the command that the soldiers offered to him at Carrae from hatred to Crassus  Crassus also willingly yielded to him when he knew the greatness of his loss  He was now compelled by necessity  to assume the government of Syria   Dio         He was also the treasurer of Crassus who kept Syria under Roman control and was also the same C  Cassius who together with Brutus  later killed Julius Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4772,"EventTxt":"Surenas sent the head and the right hand of Crassus to Orodes in Armenia  He spread a rumour by his messengers at Seleucia  that he had taken Crassus alive  He dressed up Caius  a captive who looked very much like him and so made a ridiculous show which in disgrace they called a triumph   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4773,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Orodes was reconciled to Artabazes or Artarasers the Armenian  and betrothed his sister to his son  Pacoras  They made feasts and revels during which many Greek verses were sung  for Orodes understood Greek and was a scholar  Artavasdes had written tragedies and speeches and histories  Jason  the tragedian of Trallis  was there singing some verses from the Bacchis of Euripides  Agave Syllaces came into the dining room and threw the head of Crassus before them  Pomaxaethres or Maxarthes rose from supper and took it for himself since he thought it belonged more to him than any other   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4774,"EventTxt":"Among other indignities  some report that the Parthians poured molten gold down the mouth of Crassus and insulted him with words  Floras recorded this about what happened   Floras       c      vv The head and right hand of Crassus was brought to the king and they made sport of him  They poured molten gold down his open mouth so that he whose mind was on fire with the desire of gold while he was alive  his dead and bloodless carcass might be burnt with gold","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4775,"EventTxt":"Sextus Rufus  in his breviary and Jornandes  say similar things about this","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4776,"EventTxt":"Not long after  Surenas was punished for his perjury  He was killed by Orodes who envied his honour   Plutarch  in Crassus","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4777,"EventTxt":"At Rome  M  Cicero was made augur in the place of young Crassus  who was killed in the Parthian war   Plutarch  in Cicero","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4778,"EventTxt":"With the death of Crassus  one head of Varro s triumvirate was cut off and the foundation laid for the civil wars between Pompey and Caesar  After Crassus was killed who was above them both  it remained for Caesar to eliminate Pompey who was above him so that he would be the greatest   Plutarch  in Caesar  Pompey  Nee quenquam iam ferre potest  Casarve priorem  Pompeiusve parem   Lucan        Caesar would no superior fear  Nor Pompey any equal bear","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3951,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3951b AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4779,"EventTxt":"During the interim the senate decreed that neither any consul nor any praetor should have by lot any foreign province until after the fifth year of his magistracy  A little later Pompey confirmed this   Dio         Interrex  Servius Sulpitius  on the fifth of March in an intercalary month  about the beginning of the Julian December  appointed Pompey as consul   Ascon  Pedian   in orat  Milonian","YearBCAD":-53,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3952,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4661,"Dating":"3952a AM, 4661 JP, 53 BC"}
{"Index":4780,"EventTxt":"The Parthians invaded Syria with a small army because they thought the Romans lacked soldiers and a general  Therefore  Cassius easily repulsed them   Dio","YearBCAD":-52,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3952,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4662,"Dating":"3952b AM, 4662 JP, 52 BC"}
{"Index":4781,"EventTxt":"Cassius came to Tyre and arrived also in Judea  When he came the first time  he captured Tarichaea and led away about     Jewish prisoners  He executed Pitholaus because he had sided with Aristobulus  faction at the persuasion of Antipater who could do whatever he wished with Pitholaus  For Antipater saw he was in great standing with the Idumeans and sought by courtesies and friendship of others who were in power  He especially made an alliance with the king of the Arabians  to whose custody he committed his children during the war that he had with Aristobulus  Cassius had forced Aristobulus  the son of Alexander  to be at peace  He moved his camp to the Euphrates River to keep the Parthians from crossing over    Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-52,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3952,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4662,"Dating":"3952b AM, 4662 JP, 52 BC"}
{"Index":4782,"EventTxt":"When M  Marcellus and C  Sulpitius were consuls  the league was renewed with the Rhodians  It provided that one people shall not make war on the other but send mutual help to each other  The Rhodians also swore that they would have the same enemies that the senate and the people of Rome would have   P  Lentulus with Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Appian  Civil War        p         By this means Posidonius Apameensis  who had a school at Rhodes  seemed to have come to Rome when M  Marcellus was consul    Suidas  in voc  poshdansos  He was a very noble philosopher  mathematician and historian  Cicero  Cicero  divination        mentioned a globe he made  vv If anyone should carry this globe into Scythia or Britain  which was recently made by a close friend of mine  whose each turning performs the same actions of the sun and moon and the other five planets do in the heavens each day  who in that barbarous land would doubt but that this was a most exact representation","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4783,"EventTxt":"By the decree of the senate and by the law of Pompey which was made the year before  none could obtain either a consular or praetorian province  unless he had been consul or praetor five years before  M  Calphurnius Bibulus  who had been consul seven years earlier and M  Tullius Cicero who had been consul eleven years before and yet had never been sent into any province  where assigned provinces by lot  Bibulus was given Syria  Dio         and Cicero had Cilicia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      Cicero wrote that he was now appointed proconsul to Appius Pulcher  the captain general  whom he was to succeed   For the army had given him the title of captain general because he had done well in the wars in Cilicia  Cicero also indicated that this happened against his will and he never desired that he should be forced to go to govern in his province by the decree of the senate  Cicero had for his lieutenants  his brother  Quintus Tullius  C  Pomponius  L  Tullius and M  Anneius  His quaesters were L  Messinius and Cn  Volusius","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4784,"EventTxt":"Plutarch   Plutarch  in Cicero  stated that he had in his army     foot soldiers and  avalry  Cicero said that he had the command of only two legions and those were so undermanned  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      that they were barely able to defend one town as M  Coelius stated   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4785,"EventTxt":"Ten days before June  as the year was then accounted at Rome which happened on the sixth day of the Julian March  Cicero left for his province and came to Brundusium  There he met with Q  Fabius  the lieutenant of Appius Claudius Pulcher  whom he was to succeed  He told him that he needed a greater force to govern that province and almost all were of the opinion that the legions of Cicero and Bibulus should be supplied from Italy  The consul  Servius Sulpicius  positively denied this request but yet there was such a general consent of the senate that Cicero and Bibulus should quickly be sent  that he was forced at last to yield and so it was done   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4786,"EventTxt":"Before the civil war of Caesar and Pompey  Julian March  th   a little after noon  there was an almost total eclipse of the sun  often and an half digits       Dio said  Dio         the whole sun was eclipsed  Lucan wrote   Lucan        Titan hides  When mounted in the midst of heaven he rides  In clouds his burning chariot  to enfold The world in darkness quite  day to behold No Nation hopes","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4787,"EventTxt":"Cicero sailed from Brundusium and came to Actium  the sixteen days before July   the  th day of the Julian March   He journeyed by land and came to Athens six days before July   Julian April  th   Cicero  ad Attic        epist           The day before he came there  Memmius  who was condemned for unlawful bribery for an office and banished  had gone to Mitylene   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4788,"EventTxt":"In the month of the Julian April  Ptolemy Auletes died  M  Coelius mentions this in a letter to M  Cicero written from Rome on first of August  the  th day of the Julian May   Cicero  Letter to his Friends        epist       C  Marcellus was chosen consul for the next year  News was brought to Rome and it was known for certain that the king of Alexandria was dead  Of his two sons and two daughters  he left the oldest son and daughter as heirs  So that this might be so  Ptolemy in the same will  did humbly beseech the people of Rome by all the gods and by the league that he had made with them at Rome  to make sure the will was carried out  One copy of his will was sent to Rome by his ambassadors so that it might be placed in the treasury and the other was left and kept sealed up at Alexandria   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4789,"EventTxt":"His will directed that his oldest son  Ptolemy  after the ancient custom of the Egyptians should be married to Cleopatra his oldest daughter and that both of them should rule the kingdom  However  they should be under the guardianship of the people of Rome   Dio          Cleopatra speaks to Caesar concerning this   Lucan         I am not the first woman that have swayed The Pharian sceptre  Egypt has obeyed A q  not sex excepted  I desire Thee read the will of my deceased sire Who left me there a partner to enjoy My brother s crown and marriage bed","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4790,"EventTxt":"The copy of this will was brought to Rome  Because of public practices  it could not be put in the treasury and was deposited with Pompey   Caesar  Civil War          Eutropius stated Pompey was made tutor to the new king because he was so young   Eutropius","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4791,"EventTxt":"M  Cicero stayed a few days at Athens  on the  th of July  Julian April  th  he sailed  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      from the harbour of Piraeum  He was carried by a certain wind to Zorera which detained him there until the  th  On the  th of July  April  th  he came to the village of Cios and went from there to Gyaros  Scyaros and Delos   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      The  th of July   Julian May  th  he came to Ephesus  He sailed slower because the Rhodian ships were frail  He was met by a very large crowd and the Greeks very willingly offered themselves to him as if he had been the praetor of Ephesus   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Q  Thermus was at Ephesus  He was the praetor of the Asian governments  which were separated from the province of Cilicia   He met with Cicero about a matter of his lieutenant  M  Anneius  who had a dispute with the Sardineans  Cicero wrote many letters to him later   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist                  ad Attic        epist      P  Silius was praetor of Bithynia at that time   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4792,"EventTxt":"P  Nigidius expected Cicero at Ephesus and returned to Rome from his embassy  He was a very learned man  Cratippus also came there from Mitylene to see and greet Cicero  Cratippus was at that time the chiefest of all the peripatertics as Cicero states in the preface to Plato s Timaeus  as he translated into Latin by himself","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4793,"EventTxt":"Cicero left Ephesus and travelled to Tralli by a very dry and dusty way   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Fives days before the month of August  Julian May  th  he arrived at Tralli where L  Lucilius met him with letters from Appius Pule her   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       By these he knew that a rebellion of the soldiers was averted by Appius and that the soldiers were all payed to the ides of July   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4794,"EventTxt":"The day before the month of August  Julian May  th  when Sulpitius and Marcellus were consuls  Cicero came to Laodicea into a province which was almost destroyed by Appius  That day marked the first day of his term of office that was assigned to him by the senate   Cicero  ad Attic        epist              Letters to his Friends        epist            epist          Cicero was told by the Cypriot ambassadors who came to meet him at Ephesus  that Sceptius  the governor of Appius in Cyprus  besieged the senate in their senate house in Salamine with some cavalry troops  He hoped to starve the senators out  The same day Cicero first entered the province  he sent letters that the cavalry should immediately leave the island   Cicero  ad Attic        epist             epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4795,"EventTxt":"He saw by the time of the year  he must soon go to the army  After he had stayed three days at Laodicea   while the money was received which was owed him from the public treasury  on the fifth of August  Julian May  th  he journeyed to Apamea  He stayed there four or five days  three at Synnada and five at Philomelium  At that town  there was a large gathering of people  He freed many cities from the most heavy tributes  exorbitant usuries and large debts   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist             epist      ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4796,"EventTxt":"Appius Claudius was allowed to stay thirty days in the province after his successor arrived  This was according to the law of Cornelius Sulla  the dictator  During those days he sat in judging at Tarsus and Cicero judged at Apamea  Synnada and Philomelium   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist         ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4797,"EventTxt":"M  Bibulus  the proconsul sailed from Ephesus about the  th of August  Julian May  th  and came to his province  Syria  by a very prosperous wind   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      When the Senate had allowed him to raise soldiers in Asia  he did not do it   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      The auxiliaries of the allies were through the sharpness and injustice of the government of the Romans  either so weakened that they could be of little help or so alienated from them that little could be expected from them  It did not seem wise to trust the allies for troops   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4798,"EventTxt":"Before Cicero arrived in the province  the army was scattered through a rebellion  Five cohorts had no lieutenant  or colonel or centurions  He stayed at Philomelium while the rest of the army was in Lycaonia","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4799,"EventTxt":"Cicero commanded his lieutenant  M  Anneius  that he should conduct those five cohorts to the rest of the army  He should rally the whole army in one place and camp at Iconium in Lycaonia  When Anneius had exactly done this  Cicero came into the camp six days before September   Julian June  th  A few days before  according to the decree of the senate  he had received a good band of newly raised soldiers  a number of cavalry and voluntary auxiliaries of free people from the kings who were their allies   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4800,"EventTxt":"Dejotarus  the son  who was declared king by the senate  took Cicero s sons with him into his kingdom  while Cicero made war in the summer time   Cicero  ad Attic        epist         Plutarch stated  Plutarch  de Stoicorum repugnantiis  that Dejotarus  the father  killed all his other sons so that he might establish the kingdom on this one son  Both the Dejotari  father and son  reigned together  Cicero greatly commended both of them in the    th Philippicho","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4801,"EventTxt":"Pacorus  the son of Orodes  the king of the Parthians  to whom was married the sister of the king of the Armenians  came with great forces of the Parthians and a great band from other countries  They crossed the Euphrates River and attacked the province of Syria   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist               ad Attic        epist      Orsaces was the general and Pacorus only held the title of general for he was barely   years old   Dio","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4802,"EventTxt":"The Parthians went into Syria and having subdued all places  they came as far as to Antioch  They hoped to win the rest also for the Romans held that province with a small army  The citizens barely endured the domineering Romans and were inclined to the Parthians since they were their neighbours and close friends   Dio        The proconsul  Bibulus  had not yet arrived in the province  For although the province was appointed to him but for year  as in Cicero s case  it was reported that for this reason he came so late into the province so that he could leave later   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4803,"EventTxt":"Cicero  two days before September   Julian June  th  mustered his army at Iconium   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      On the first or third of September  the ambassadors that were sent from Antiochus  the king of the Commagenians  arrived at the camp at Iconium  They were the first who brought Cicero the news that large forces of the Parthians began to cross the Euphrates River  It was said  that the Armenian king would make an invasion on Cappadocia  When the news was brought to him  Cicero was troubled  Although there were some that thought that not much credit should be given to the king s planned invasion  Cicero did not think so  He was worried about Syria  his own province and indeed for all Asia  Therefore he thought it best that the army should march through Lycaonia  the country of the Isaurians and that part of Cappadocia which bordered Cilicia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4804,"EventTxt":"After he had stayed ten days at Iconium  he moved his army and camped at the town Cybistra in the remotest part of Cappadocia  not far from Mount Taurus  He did this to show to Artavasdes  the Armenian king  that whatever he intended to do  there was a Roman army not far from his border  Hence he and the Parthians would think themselves shut out of Cappadocia and so Cicero could defend Cilicia that bordered on them and keep Cappadocia  This would hinder any new plans of the neighbouring kings who although they were friends of the people of Rome  yet dared not be public enemies to the Parthians   Cicero  ad  Attic        epist      Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4805,"EventTxt":"Cicero sent his cavalry from Cybistra into Cilicia so that the news of his coming would be known to the cities in that part and the citizens would be more loyal to him  This would allow him to quickly stop what was done in Syria   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4806,"EventTxt":"He was careful of the charge given to him by the senate that he should defend Ariobarzanes  the king of the Cappadocians and ensure that he and his kingdom were safe  The king with his brother Ariarathes and some of his father s old friends came to the camp to the proconsul  where he stayed three or four days    Cicero  ad Attic        epist      They complained of treasons that were plotted against his life and desired that some cavalry and Roman foot soldiers come and guard him  Cicero exhorted his friends that they should protect with all care and diligence  the life of their king and learn from the sad example of his father  Cicero exhorted the king that he should learn to reign by protecting his own life from whom he was certain who plotted treason against him  Those he might do with as he wished and that he should punish those who needed punishing and free the rest from fear  He should use the guard of the Roman army more for terror to those that were in the fault then for fighting  Then it would happen that when they knew the decree of the senate  should understand that Cicero would be a guard to the king  whenever needed  Concerning the king  Cicero wrote at the end of the second letter to the consuls and senate that he was more careful to inform them  In King Ariobarzanes there were such signs of virtue  wit  fidelity and good will toward them that they were wise to give him such a charge to protect him","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4807,"EventTxt":"Cicero established into great favour and authority Mithras and Athenaeus whom Ariobarzanes had banished through the importunity of Athenaidis       There would be a great war in Cappadocia if the priest of the Comaniaus was to defend himself with armies  Hirsius confirmed in his book  Hirsius  de bell  Alexandrin    that the priest was considered second only to the king in majesty command and power by the common consent of that country  The priest was a young man and some thought he might start a war since he had cavalry  foot soldiers  money and allies also who wanted to see a revolution  Cicero brought it so to pass that he left the kingdom and so the king obtained the kingdom with honour and without any revolt or war  The authority of his court was more confirmed to him   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Although in another letter he thought that there was nothing more pillaged than that kingdom and nothing more poor than that king   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4808,"EventTxt":"In this way  the kingdom of Ariobarzanes was preserved for the king   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        in epist     Cato  Cappadocia was reconciled to his obedience without fighting and with much good will   Plutarch  in Cicero  Concerning Ariobarzanes  Cicero brags of himself to Atticus   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      vv Ariobarzanes lives and reigns by my means  by the by  by my advice and authority  This happened because I kept myself away from those that lay in wait for him and free from bribes  Hence  I preserved both the king and the kingdom","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4809,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Cicero knew by many letters and messages  that Cassius  Bibulus had not yet arrived into Syria  was at Antioch with an army  Large forces from the Parthians and Arabians had come to Antioch  There was a large body of cavalry who had passed into Cilicia and were all killed by those cavalry troops Cicero had sent there and by a praetorian cohort which was in a garrison at Epiphania  The Parthians were in Cynhestica  a part of Syria  that borders on Cilicia  Therefore  when he saw that the forces of the Parthians were turned from Cappadocia and were not far from the borders of Cilicia  he left Cylistra in Cappadocia   when he had camped for five days  and led the army into Cilicia  At the borders of Lycaonia and Cappadocia twelve days before October   Julian June  th  he received letters from Tarcondimotus and from Jamblichus  a governor of the Arabians  who were considered friends of the Roman commonwealth  They said that Pacorus  with a large body of Parthian cavalry had crossed the Euphrates River and was camped at Tyba  Cicero shortly wrote to the consuls and senate about this   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist              ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4810,"EventTxt":"A rumour of the arrival of Cicero  encouraged Cassius  who was besieged in Antioch and made the Parthians afraid  They left Antioch before the arrival of Bibulus and were driven back by Cassius  He pursued them in their retreat from the town and killed many of them   Cicero  ad Attic        epist         Letters to his Friends        epist      Dio gives a fuller account of this","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4811,"EventTxt":"When the Parthians were hoping to capture Antioch  Cassius drove them off  for they were very awkward at storming cities   They marched toward Antigonia  The suburbs of that city were planted with trees and so they dared not nor were able to come near it  They intended to cut down the trees and to clear the place of the forest so that they might more boldly attack the city on that side  This did not happen because it was a lot of work and time was quickly passing  Cassius attacked any stragglers  They retreated from Antigonia and planned to attack another place  In the meantime  Cassius had placed ambushes in the way they were to pass  He showed himself to them with a few troops to draw them into pursuing him  Then he turned on them   Dio          Orsaces  the great commander of the Parthians was wounded and he died a few days later   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4812,"EventTxt":"In Justin   Justin        c      this story is not so accurately written  vv Pacorus was sent to pursue the remains of the Roman army  after he had achieved many things of Syria  He was recalled home through the mistrust of his father  In his absence  the army of the Parthians that was left in Syria along with all its captains were killed by Cassius  the treasurer of Crassus","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4813,"EventTxt":"Livy stated that C  Cassius  the treasurer of M  Crassus  killed the Parthians  who had marched into Syria   Livy         Velleius said that he very successfully routed the Parthians that came into Syria   Velleius Paterculus        c     Sextus Rufus  in Breviary  said that he valiantly fought against the Persians   for so he calls the Parthians  who made an invasion into Syria and utterly destroyed them and drove them beyond the Euphrates River  Eutropius  Eutropius         said that with singular valour and great courage  he restored the state when it was even lost so that he overcame the Persians in various battles  Orosius added  Orosius        c     concerning Cassius  vv He overcame in battle and killed Antiochus and his large forces and by war he drove out the Parthians that were sent into Syria by Orodes  They had advanced as far as Antioch  He killed their general  Orsaces","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4814,"EventTxt":"Cicero   Cicero  in the  th  Philippic  stated  vv He did many gallant things before the arrival of Bibulus  the chief commander  He utterly routed the greatest commanders and large forces of the Parthians and freed Syria from an horrible invasion of the Parthians","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4815,"EventTxt":"It should not be accepted what is added concerning Cassius in the  th chapter of the Jewish History  which is written in Arabic and is entitled the second book of the Maccabees  vv He crossed over the Euphrates River and conquered the Persians and brought them under the obedience of the Romans  He also secured the obedience of those twenty two kings that Pompey had subdued and brought under their obedience whatever was in the countrys of the east","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4816,"EventTxt":"We saw in Orosius  Orosius        c      how Pompey bragged that he had made war with twenty two kings","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4817,"EventTxt":"The day before the month of October  Julian July    th  the senate was convened in the temple of Apollo  They decreed that into Cilicia and into eight other provinces should hence forth be sent propraetors who formerly had been praetors at Rome and had never had any command in any province   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4818,"EventTxt":"Cicero marched with his army by the pass of the Taurus Mountains into Cilicia on October fifth  Julian July  th  On the same day the senate read the letters of Cassius which told of his victory  He wrote that by himself  he had finished the Parthian war  Also the letters of Cicero were read telling of the Parthian uprising  Thereupon little credit was given to Crassus  letters   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      The same day  Cicero went from Taurus Mountains toward Amanus   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      This mountain belonged both to him and Bibulus and it divided Syria from Cilicia  This was a divide for the watershed and was full of perpetual enemies to both provinces   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      ad Attic       epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4819,"EventTxt":"The next day  Julian  June  th  he camped in the plain of Mopsuestia where he wrote his eighth letter  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      to Appius Pulcher   whom he succeeded in the proconsulship   We read this in that letter  vv If you ask concerning the Parthians  I think there were none  Those Arabians that were here who lived like Parthians  are said to be all returned  They deny that there was any enemy in Syria","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4820,"EventTxt":"When Cicero came to Amanus  he knew that the enemy was returned from Antioch and that Bibulus was at Antioch  From there  he learned that Dejotarus was quickly coming to him with a large army of cavalry  foot soldiers and all his forces  Cicero saw no cause why he should leave his kingdom  Cicero immediately sent letters and messengers to him  lest any unusual matter should happen in his kingdom   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4821,"EventTxt":"Cicero considered that it concerned both provinces very much to establish Amanus and eliminate the perpetual enemy from that mountain and enter some other parts of Cilicia  When he was gone about a day s journey from Amanus  he camped at Epiphania  Three days before the month of October  Julian July   rd  toward evening  he marched quickly with his army so that on the next day at daybreak  he went up the Amanus Mountain   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4822,"EventTxt":"He marshalled his cohorts and auxiliaries  He with his brother Quintus  his lieutenant  commanded some of these  Others were under his lieutenant  C  Pomptinus and the rest under M  Anneius and L  Tullius  They came suddenly on the enemy before they were aware and many were killed or captured and the rest were scattered  Fugerana  or rather Erana  which was more like a city than a village because it was the main place in Amanus along with Sepyra and Cerminoris  or Commons  resisted for a long time very stoutly  Pomptinus attacked that part of Amanus from break of day till ten o clock  It was taken and a large number of the enemy were killed  Six well fortified citadels were captured by their sudden coming and more were burnt  When they had done this  Cicero camped at the foot of the Amanus Mountain at the altars of Alexander by the Isstis River where Darius was defeated by Alexander  He stayed four days in destroying the remains of Amanus that belonged to his province and in wasting the country  For this so just a victory  he was called by the army  imperator or Captain General  After he had spoiled and wasted Amanus  he left it on the sixth day   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      ad Attic        epist       Plutarch  in Cicero","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4823,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  when Bibulus came to Amanus  he began to look for a laurel in a mustard tree and seek after the vain name of captain general  However  he had a great defeat  He wholly lost his first cohort  and a centurion of the vanguard who was a noble man and relative of his called Asinius Dento  He also lost all the rest of the same cohort and Sextus Lucilius  a colonel  the son of T  Gravius Coepio  a rich and renowned man    Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4824,"EventTxt":"Cicero brought his army to the most dangerous part of Cilicia which was inhabited by the Eleutherociles  They were a cruel and fierce men who were well armed  They never had obeyed their kings and hosted at this time fugitives  They were daily expecting the arrival of the Parthians  Cicero attacked their town  Pindenissa  that was located in a steep and well fortified place  This was the  th day before the Saturnalia   the  th of November and on the Julian August  st  He surrounded it with a rampart and a trench and kept them in with six citadels and very large brigades  He attacked it with a mount  engines and a most high tower  He used many archers and a large number of battering rams  Cicero wrote this in a letter to M  Caelius Rufus who was chosen aedile  which he wrote on the  th day of the siege  Julian August  th   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      This is also mentioned in his letters written after the capture of the city  to M  Cato   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      and to Pomponius Atticus   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3953,"JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3953 AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4825,"EventTxt":"Cicero accomplished his end after much work and preparation but without any cost to the allies  Many of his men were wounded but the army was safe  On the very day of the Saturnalia  the  th of January  or Julian September  th  his forces had the Pindenissenses at their mercy  All the city was either beaten down or burnt  He granted the whole spoil of it to his soldiers  except for the horses  The slaves were sold on the third day of the Saturnalia  He took hostages from the Tibareni  who were the next door neighbours to the Pindenessenses and were as wicked and audacious as they  After this  he sent his army to their winter quarters under his brother Quintus  The army should be quartered in those places that were taken form the enemy or that were not well subdued   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      So after he settled his affairs for the summer  he appointed his brother  Quintus to command in the winter quarters and to be over Cilicia   Cicero  at Attic        epist       He had planned to use the summer months to execute this war and the winter months to sit in judging cases   Cicero  Letters to his Friends       epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4826,"EventTxt":"Publius Lentulus Spinther triumphed at Rome for Cilicia  as is gathered from Cicero   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4827,"EventTxt":"The son of Orodes  the king of the Parthians  came into Cyrrhestica  a country of Cilicia where the Parthians also wintered   Cicero  ad Attic        epist            epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4828,"EventTxt":"Cicero sent Q  Volusius  who was a trusty man and uncorruptible by bribes  to Cyprus to stay there a few days  Hence  those few Roman citizens  who had business to do there  would not be able to say they had not been handled fairly  For it was not right that the Cypriots should be called to courts outside of their own island   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4829,"EventTxt":"When Cicero was well received by the cities of Cilicia  on the fifth of January  Julian October  th  he went from the Taurus Mountains into Asia  He crossed over the Taurus Mountains in the sixth month of his command  Wherever he went  he brought it to pass  that without any violence or reproach and only by his authority and advice  the Greek and Roman citizens  who had withheld their grain  promised to supply the people  There was a great famine which raged in much of that part of Asia since there was no harvest   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4830,"EventTxt":"Dejotarus   whose daughter was betrothed to the son of Artavasdes  the king of Armenia  helped Cicero greatly  He came to Laodicea to live with the Cicero s children  He brought him news that Orodes intended to come into those parts with all the Parthian forces at the beginning of summer   Cicero  ad Attic        epist               epist","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4831,"EventTxt":"At Laodicea  from the  th of February   Julian November  th  to the first of May  Julian February  th  Cicero held court for that part of Asia that belonged to him  He held it from the  th of February for Cibara and Apamea and from the  th of March for Synnada and Pamphylia  Many cities were freed from their debts and many were very much eased  All of them used their own laws and judgments after they were given permission to do so  They were all greatly restored   Cicero  ad Attic        epist            epist      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-51,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4663,"Dating":"3954a AM, 4663 JP, 51 BC"}
{"Index":4832,"EventTxt":"When L  Emilius  Paulus and C  Claudius Marcellus were consuls  the senate at Rome decreed a parade for Cicero  because he had conquered in Cilicia  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist            epist            epist            ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4833,"EventTxt":"When C  Cassius  who had been M  Crassus  treasurer was about to leave after the Parthian war from Syria  he commended M  Fabius to Cicero who was then at Laodicea   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist             epist      Cicero wrote back and congratulated him for the greatness of the actions and his timing on leaving for he left the province while he was greatly favoured and held in high esteem  Cicero advised him to hurry to Rome because of his recent victory and his arrival would be very well received","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4834,"EventTxt":"Cicero commended to Quintus Thermus  the praetor of Asia  his lieutenant  M  Anneius  whose wisdom  virtue  and fidelity he had proven in the war in Cilicia  Thermus was to go to settle a dispute he had with the Sardinians and desired Anneius that might be sent back before the month of May  when he intended to go into Cilicia        Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4835,"EventTxt":"P  Cornelius Dolabella  who a little latter was married to Tullia  the daughter of Cicero  was accused of treason and bribery for his office  Appius Claudius Pulcher  demanded a triumph at Rome for the good work he had done in Cilicia  As soon as Dolabella came before the tribunal  Appius entered the city and laid aside his demand of a triumph  Finally Q  Hortensius and M  Brutus defended him and he was acquitted for each crime   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist               epist           ad Attic         de Claris Oratoribus","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4836,"EventTxt":"The cavalry men that were left by Gabinius in Italy  killed two sons of M  Bibulus  the proconsul   Caesar  Civil War          Valerius Maximus        c      Cleopatra  the queen  sent the murderers in bonds to Bibulus so that he might punish the murderers as he wished  He soon sent them back to Cleopatra without harming them and said that the authority of punishing them belonged to the senate and not to him   Valerius Maximus        c       Seneca  ad Marcian","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4837,"EventTxt":"Cicero thought of going into Cilicia  on the seventh of May   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      ad Attic        epist       However he did not come to the Taurus Mountains before the fifth of June   Julian April  nd  Many things troubled him  There was a great war in Syria and many robberies in Cilicia   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4838,"EventTxt":"He went from there and when he camped by the Pyramus River  Q  Servilius sent him letters from Taurus that were written from Appius Claudius Pulcher  They were dated at Rome the fifth of April  Julian February   st  and he wrote that he had been cleared of the charge of treason   Cicero  Letters to his Fiends        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4839,"EventTxt":"Syria was in a turmoil with the Parthian war and there was great fear at Antioch  In spite of the sorrow for the murder of his sons  Bibulus managed the war  Although there were great hopes of having Cicero and his army help  yet it is said that Bibulus stated that he would rather endure anything than get help from Cicero  Hence  he wrote to Thermus  the praetor of Asia about the Parthian war and he never wrote to Cicero even though he knew that the greatest part of the danger of the war belonged to him  Notwithstanding  his lieutenants sent letters to Cicero that he should come and help them   Cicero  Letters to Friends        epist      ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4840,"EventTxt":"Although Cicero s own army was weak  he had good auxiliaries from the Galatians  Pisidians and Lycians  He thought it his duty to have his army as near as he could to the enemy as long as he should command in that province according to the decree of the senate  Since the term of his office lasted only a year and was almost expired  he agreed with Dejotarus that the king should be in his camp with all his forces   Cicero  ad Attic        epist          Cicero  in his  th Philippic  said about Dejotarus  VV I and Bibulus were both captains general in near and neighbouring provinces  Often we were both helped by that king with cavalry and foot soldiers","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954b AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4841,"EventTxt":"The Parthians kept Bibulus besieged   Caesar  Civil War         As long as the Parthians were in the province  he stayed within the extremely well fortified town and with his men   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He never set foot out of the town as long as the Parthians were on this side of the Euphrates River   Cicero  ad Attic        epist            epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4842,"EventTxt":"The Parthians left Bibulus only half alive   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      By an incredible stroke of good luck left  Cicero  ad Attic        epist            epist      Letters to his Friends        epist      for Bibulus had set the Parthians at odds with one another  He befriended with Ornodophantes  who was a noble man and an enemy of Orodes  He persuaded him by messengers who went between them that he should make Pacorus the king and that with his help he should make war on Orodes   Dio","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4843,"EventTxt":"Bibulus  in his letter he wrote to the senate concerning the things that he had done stated that the things that he and Cicero had done together  he claimed he had done alone by himself  He said the things Cicero had done alone were done by both of them together  Cicero complained of this in a letter that he wrote to Salust  his treasurer   Cicero  Letter to his Friends        epist      He also notes as a mark of a poor  malicious and vain spirit that he attributed not to Ariobarzanes the king but to his son  whom the senate called king and commended him to Cicero   When he that had done no great deeds tried to obtain a triumph  Cicero also thought it would be a disgrace to him not to obtain the same  Bibulus  army had their hopes in Cicero s army  Cicero also by the advise of his friends  began to think of a triumph   Cicero  ad Attic        epist               epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4844,"EventTxt":"After the danger of the Parthians was gone  Cicero withdrew all the garrisons  which were good and strong that he had provided for Apamea and other places   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4845,"EventTxt":"About two days before August       Julian May  th   Cicero s term of office was almost over since it only lasted for a year  Someone had to replace him when he left according to the decree of the senate  Cicero wanted C  Caelius Caldus to take over the government of the province which was now freed from the fear of the Parthian war  He was recently sent to him from Rome to be his treasurer   in the place of Cn  Volusius  and was a noble young gentleman indeed but one that lacked gravity and self control   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist          ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4846,"EventTxt":"The  rd of August   Julian May  th  when his annual command had expired  Cicero sailed to Sida  a city of Pamphilia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      From there  he went to Laodice  the farthest bound of the province  At this place he ordered his treasurer  Messinius to wait for him that he might leave his accounts according to the Julian law in the province in the two cities of Laodicea and Apamea   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Letters to his Friends        epist            epist      Cicero had not taken a penny of the plunder from Mount Amanus  but left it all as also he did his yearly salary which was given to him  It amounted to   sestertia and was put into the treasury   His cohort grumbled at this who thought it ought to be distributed among them   He took security also of all the public money at Laodicea that it might be safely returned to him and the people without any danger of loss   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4847,"EventTxt":"When the senate had received Bibulus  letters  Cato persuaded the senate to decree to hold a very large parade lasting   days for M  Bibulus   Cicero  ad Attic        epist         The legions were detained which the senate had decreed should be sent into Syria by Marius  who was to succeed Salust in the office of treasurer   The province was now freed from the fear of the Parthian war   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      The senate decreed that there should be sent to Bibulus for the Parthian war  one legion from C  Pompey and another from Julius Caesar  Pompey did not give any of the legions that he had with him  However  he commanded the commissioners of that business that they should demand that legion from Caesar that he had lent Caesar  Caesar  although he made no doubt but that his adversaries intended that he should be left without any legions  sent back to Pompey his legion and also gave another from his own number that he might satisfy the decree of the senate  Therefore these two legions were furnished  as though they were to be sent against the Parthians  However since there was no need of them for that war  the consul Marcellus feared that they should be again restored to Caesar and kept them in Italy and gave them to Pompey  Although Caesar knew well enough why these things happened  he determined to endure all things because he saw here was offered him no absurd pretence of keeping those legions by him that he had already and of raising more   Caesar  Civil War         Hirtius  The War in Gaul          Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio        fin","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954c AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4848,"EventTxt":"Cicero persuaded Q  Thermus  the praetor  who was to depart from Asia that he would leave a noble young gentleman  his treasurer  governor of that province  His name was C  Antonius as Pighius showed in his annals   Pighius  Annals  Tom     p       Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954d AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4849,"EventTxt":"Cicero gave the publicans at Ephesus all the money which lawfully came to him there  which was     sestertiums  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He was greatly hindered by the easterly winds and on the first of October  Julian July  th  he sailed from Ephesus  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      and landed at Rhodes  Plutarch  in Cicero  for his children s sake   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Letters to his Friends        epist      There he heard of Hortensius  death   Cicero  Brutus  init  or  de claris oratoribus","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954d AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4850,"EventTxt":"With the winds against him  Cicero  on the  th of October   Julian August  th  came to Athens   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      ad Attic        epist          As the civil war between Caesar and Pompey approached  a little after sunrise   Julian August  st  the sun was eclipsed almost two digits  about      Pertronius seems to refer to this in the signs of this war  For blondy Sol appeared with visage like to death  Thou dst think the civil wars just then began to breathe","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954d AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4852,"EventTxt":"Bibulus departed from Asia on December  th  Julian October  st    Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3954,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3954d AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4853,"EventTxt":"On the first of January   Julian October  nd  when C  Claudius Marcellus and L  Cornelius assumed the office of consuls  the senate decreed that Caesar should dismiss his army before a certain day  and if he did not that this action would be assumed to be against the state  M  Antony and Q  Cassius  the tribunes of the people had in vain interceded against this decree  This was the beginning of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey   Caesar  Civil War         Cicero  in Philippic       Velleius Paterculus        c       Dio        init","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4854,"EventTxt":"On January  th   Julian October  th  Cicero came to the city  He was given such a welcome that nothing could be more honourable  This happened just before the civil war   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He did not enter the city  Amid these troubles  a packed senate earnestly demanded a triumph for him  Lentulus  the consul  that he might make Cicero s honour seem the greater  deferred this request   Cicero  at Attic        epist      Since the senate decreed a triumph for him  Cicero said that he had rather if there were a peace made  to follow Caesar s chariot   Plutarch  in Cicero  However  the discord increased and neither Bibulus or Cicero ever received a triumph   Cicero  at Attic        epist                epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4855,"EventTxt":"On January  th   Julian October  th  the senate decreed that the consuls  praetors  tribunes of the people  and all proconsuls that were in the city   among whom Cicero was one  should do their utmost so that the state would not be harmed  Immediately  the tribunes of the people  who had interceded against that decree of the senate  fled from the city and went to Caesar   Caesar  Civil War          Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Dio","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4856,"EventTxt":"In the next day when the senate convened outside the city and Pompey was also present  the provinces were assigned to private men  two of them were for the consuls  the rest the praetors had  Syria was given to Scipio   Caesar  Civil War         Metellus Scipio had married Caesar s daughter Cornelia  the widow of Publius Crassus who was slain by the Parthians  He shared Syria with Pompey this year   that is two years before Pompey was killed  and had been his colleague three years before in the consulship   Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio         Sextius or Sestius  succeeded Cicero in the province of Cilicia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      cf  ad Attic        epist      He was sent as the first quaester  with praetorian authority to Cyprus  which was after this was distinct from Cilicia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      The three governments of Asia  Cybyra  Synnada and Apemea  were taken from the province of Cilicia and were given to the new proconsul of Asia  P  Servilius Sigonius   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Cicero  de antiquo jure provinciarum        c","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4857,"EventTxt":"On the same day  seven days before March   Julian December    th  on which the Feralia was celebrated   as we may see in the inscriptions of Gruterus  p      Caesar came from Corsinium to Brundusium in the afternoon and Pompey came from Canusium in the morning   Cicero  ad Attic        epist             epist      when autumn was already past   Dio","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4858,"EventTxt":"Pompey sent his father in law  Scipio and his son Sceus  from Brundusium to Syria to raise a fleet   Plutarch  in Pompey  In a letter Cicero  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      wrote on March  th   Julian December  rd  he stated that Scipio went into Syria  either according as his lot fell or for the honour of his son in law or he fled from an angry Caesar","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4859,"EventTxt":"On March  th   Julian December  th  Caesar came to Brundusium and camped before its walls as he wrote in a letter to Oppius and Cornelius Balbus   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-50,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4664,"Dating":"3955a AM, 4664 JP, 50 BC"}
{"Index":4860,"EventTxt":"On March  th   Julian January  rd   according to  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      not three days before March as it is in Lipsius in the  st epistle of the century to the Germans and Frenchmen  when the Liberalia was celebrated   This appears in the marble records in Grater s inscriptions  p      Pompey sailed from Brundusium with all the forces that he had to Epirus which was the very day of the Liberalia or Dionysia  Pompey s sons were defeated in Spain at the battle of Munda  four years later that their father was said to go to the war   Plutarch  in Caesar  This was the same day when Pompey  their father  left Italy and made the centre of the civil war in Greece  It was not that he fled from the city to make war  as mistakenly written by Orosius   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4861,"EventTxt":"The next day Caesar entered Brundusium and made a speech and marched toward Rome  He wanted to be at the city before the first of the next month   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4862,"EventTxt":"From there  Caesar sent Aristobulus to his own country of Palestine that he might do something against Pompey   Dio         Josephus stated that Caesar sent Aristobulus after freeing him from prison to go into Syria  He gave him two legions that he might the more easily keep the province in order  Both of their plans were thwarted  Aristobulus was poisoned by Pompey s side and he was buried by Caesar s side   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4863,"EventTxt":"Alexander  the son of Aristobulus  was beheaded at Antioch by Scipio according to Pompey s letters  He was first publicly accused of what he had done against the Romans  However  Ptolemy Mannaeus  the governor of Chalcis which was located in Libanus Mountain  had sent his son  Philippio  to Ascalon to the wife of Aristobulus  He sent for her son Antigonus and her two daughters  The youngest daughter was called Alexandra and Philippio fell in love with her and married her   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq        c     Pompey had a year to raise forces in  Since he was free from war and as his enemy was not active  he assembled a large fleet from Asia  the Cyclades Islands  Corcyra  Athens  Pontus  Bithynia  Syria  Cilicia  Phoenice and Egypt  He took care that a large navy should be built in all places and he exacted also large sums of money from Asia  Syria  and all kings  governors  tetrarchs and the free people of Achaia  He forced those provinces which were allocated to him  to pay him large sums of money   Caesar  Civil War          It is reported that   ships were sent to him from Egypt from Cleopatra and Ptolemy who were then but a child king and queen of Egypt  He had also auxiliaries from Ionia  archers from Crete  javelin throwers from Pontus and cavalry from Galatia  Commagenians were sent from Antiochus  Cilicians and Cappadocians and some from Armenia the less  The Pamphilians and Pisidians also came to him    Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4864,"EventTxt":"M  Cato was sent into Asia by Pompey  to help those who gathered the fleet and soldiers  He took along with him his sister  Servilia  and a son that Lucullus had by her  After he had persuaded the Rhodians to be on Pompey s side  he left Servilia and her son with them and returned to Pompey  He was well furnished with very strong land and naval forces   Plutarch  in Cato the Younger  Pompey planned to make war in the whole world by sea and land and to stir up barbarous kings and to bring armed cruel nations into Italy   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4865,"EventTxt":"Pompey also tried to draw to his side  Orodes  the king of the Parthians  Although after the death of Crassus  Pompey was reckoned an enemy  Orodes promised him his help if Syria might be given to him  Pompey did not grant him Syria  so he brought no forces  Dio          although otherwise the Parthians were on Pompey s side  They favoured him because of the friendship they had made in the Mithridatic war and also after the death of Crassus they heard that his son was on Caesar s side  They knew his son would revenge his father s death if Caesar won the war   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4866,"EventTxt":"Pompey used a large fleet which he had provided from Alexandria  Colchis  Tyre  Sidon  Andros   or rather Arados  Cyprus  Pamphilia  Lycia  Rhodes  Byzantium  Lesbos  Smyrna  Miletum  and Cos  They were to intercept the provisions from Italy  and to seize the provinces from where the grain came from   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4867,"EventTxt":"Pompey s son was the admiral of the Egyptian fleet  Over the Asiatic fleet were D  Laebius and C  Triarius  Over the Syrian fleet was C  Cassius  Over the Rhodian fleet was C  Marcellus  C  Pomponius commanded the light ships  The Achian fleet was under Scribonius Libo and M  Octavian  Over all the naval forces was M  Bibulus  the chief admiral   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3955,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3955b AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4868,"EventTxt":"Julius Caesar was made dictator  After eleven days  he and Servilius Isauticus were declared consuls and Caesar resigned his dictatorship   Caesar  Civil War        init    Plutarch  in Caesar   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4869,"EventTxt":"From this first dictatorship of Caesar  the Macedonians of Syria began their reckoning of the time of the Caesars  of which there is mention made in an old stone  in the inscription of Grater  p      This was the  th of the Julian September   on which we have shown in another place  that the solar year of the Macedonians began   From that day  not only the Macedonian but also the Roman Emperors began their indictions or the cycle of   years  The Antiochians  reckon the same way   which was divided by   and always shows the indictions of the emperors  although the form of the year was later changed and the Macedonian months made to conform to the Italian ones  The Antiochians refer the beginning of their period and the rest of the Eastern people  the beginning of their indictions  to the beginning of their new year  and have moved it from the  th of September to the first of September  Whatever is said concerning the original of the indictions   which they commonly refer to the times of Constantine  it ought to be without controversy  that the start of the Antiochian period is to be determined from the September of the Julian year   or   BC","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4870,"EventTxt":"In the end of the year when Marcellus and Lentulus were consuls  Pompey was made general of the Romans and the senate which was with him in Ephesus  bestowed honours on kings and people that had earned them  Lucan mentions   Lucan         Phoebus sea powerful Rhodes reward was  And Spartans rough  praised were the Athenian Phocis made free where Massylians  Faithful Dejotarus  young Sadalis  The valiant Cotys and Rhasipolis Of Macedonia were praised  Juba to thee The senate gives all Libya by decree","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4871,"EventTxt":"By the same way  Lucan affirms that the kingdom of Egypt was at this time confirmed to Ptolemy who was but a child  Those words refer to Pothinus  the governor of Ptolemy  concerning Pompey  Lucan  Lucan         mentions  The senate gave to me The sceptre when persuaded to it by thee","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4872,"EventTxt":"About the winter solstice  Caesar sent messengers to the army that they should meet him at Brundusium  He departed from Rome in the month of December  not expecting to assume his office as consul on the first of the next year  Hence  Appian   Appian  Civil War        p      thought that at that time there was the same account of the Roman year as was in his own time  However  the first of January  when Caesar was to begin his second consulship  corresponded to Julian October  th  Floras makes a similar mistake and affirmed  Floras        c      that Caesar sailed to go to the war although it was in the middle of winter  Likewise Plutarch  Plutarch  in Pompey  wrote that Caesar came to Brundusium  sj hrspais hdh ou cfmwnos ottos and he left there at the time of the winter solstice in the beginning of the month of January which he says corresponds to the Athenian Posideon  Indeed Caesar  Caesar  Civil War         confirmed that he set sail on January  th with seven legions and the next day he landed at the Ceraunia  However  that was not the Julian January  on which in the time of Plutarch the Athenian Posideon fell but which the account of the Roman year used then  The  th of January  when Caesar landed at the Ceraunia  corresponded to Julian October  th with winter approaching  Thereupon  Pompey marched from Ephesus to his winter quarters to Apollonia and Dyrrachium  as Caesar showed later  By no means was it winter  that is  the height of winter","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4873,"EventTxt":"Pompey provided for a large quantity of grain from Theslalia  Asia  Egypt  Crete  Cyrenia and other countries  He planned to winter in Dyrrachium  Apollonia and in all the sea towns that he might prevent Caesar from crossing the sea  although it was all in vain    Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4874,"EventTxt":"Scipio  the governor of Syria and the father in law of Pompey  received some losses about the Mountain Amanus and declared himself captain general  After this  he imposed large sums of money on the cities and the tyrants and also extracted two years of taxes from the Publicans of the province  He borrowed from them the money for the following year and ordered the whole province to provide him with cavalry  When all the forces were gathered together  he left the Parthians who were enemies on his border  behind him  He with his legions and cavalry marched from Syria  When the soldiers complained that they would go against an enemy but not against the consul and their fellow citizens  he brought the legions to their winter quarters into the richest cities like Pergamos  He gave huge bribes and to confirm the soldiers to him he allowed them to plunder the cities   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4875,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the money that was imposed on the cites  was most cruelty collected  Moreover  many things were generally done for covetousness  The pole money tax was imposed on both bond and free  Money was demanded for making of pillars and doors  for soldiers and mariners  for arms and engines and wagons  If anything could be found that had a name  this was sufficient reason for taxing it  There were governors with commands appointed  not over cities and citadels but even villages  He that did anything most outrageously and cruelly  was accounted the man and the best citizen  The province was full of lictors and commanders and was over burdened with petty governors and tax collectors  These collected the money they were supposed to and also lined their own pockets  They said that they were expelled from their own houses and country and that they needed all necessary things that they might white wash their business with some honest pretence  In addition to these exactions  large interest baring loans were incurred   which mainly happen in war   In these things  they said that the extending of a day was giving them as much  Thereupon the debt of all the province was much multiplied in these two years  No less were money exacted for this cause from the Roman citizens of the province than upon all the guilds and from every city a certain amount of money was exacted  They told them that they borrowed this money by the decree of the senate   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4876,"EventTxt":"Moreover at Ephesus  Scipio ordered that the money that had been deposited there  should be taken from the temple of Diana  When he came into the temple accompanied by as many of the senators whom he had called together for that purpose  he received letters from Pompey that Caesar had crossed the sea with his legions  He should quickly come to Pompey with the army and set everything else aside  As soon as he had received these letters  he dismissed those who he had called to him and began to prepare for his march into Macedonia  A few days later he left and this action spared the money at Ephesus   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4877,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Pompey had in his army besides the Roman and Italian legions  two which Lentulus the consul raised  He also had archers from Crete  Lacedemon  Pontus  Syria and other cities  for a total of   slingers  six cohorts  two mercenary cohorts    cavalry of which Dejotarus brought   Galatians  Ariobarzanes   from Cappadocia    Gauls and Germans whom Gabinius had left at Alexandria to guard King Ptolemy and the son that Pompey had brought with the fleet  Tarcundarius  Castor and Domlaus sent from Galatia   troops  One of them came along himself  the other sent his son  Antiochus  the Commagenian  on whom Pompey had bestowed great rewards  sent   among who were many archers on horseback  Scipio was expected to bring two legions from Syria   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-49,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4665,"Dating":"3956a AM, 4665 JP, 49 BC"}
{"Index":4878,"EventTxt":"After Caesar arrived at Ephesus many months passed and winter came on  Neither the ships nor legions that had left Brundusium  arrived to Caesar  However  M  Antony and Fusius Calinus sailed and had a fair south wind and brought with them three legions of veterans and one recently raised legion along with   cavalry to Caesar  When Q  Coponius  who commanded the Rhodian fleet at Dyrrachium  tried to hinder the ships  a storm arose and so troubled the fleet that of the sixteen ships  fifteen were driven against one another and perished by shipwreck  Most of the mariners and soldiers were dashed against the rocks and killed  Part were dispersed by Caesar s forces  whom Caesar saved alive and sent home again   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4879,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  the young Ptolemy with help from his relatives and friends  expelled Cleopatra who was his wife and sister  from the kingdom   Caesar  Civil War          Livy         But all his power will and affections be Under Pothinus  girdle","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4880,"EventTxt":"This we find in Lucan   Lucan         where we read that Cleopatra was complaining  Strabo stated how she was put out by the friends of the lad who made a rebellion  This affair is attributed to Pothinus   Plutarch  in Caesar  At that time Ptolemy ruled the kingdom  an eunuch that was his governor called Pothinus   as it is read in Caesar  who is called by the Greek writers  Potheinus which is likely more correct  After Cleopatra was expelled  she left for Syria with her sister   Strabo        p      so that she might raise an army   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4881,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces  the son of Mithridates the king of Pontus and king of Bosphorus Cimmerius  heard that there was civil war among the Romans  He hoped it would continue for a long time  Since Caesar was not close  he revolted from the Romans from a desire of regaining all his father s former possessions  He committed the government and defence of Bosphorus to Asandrus  He subdued to him without much resistance  Colchis and all Armenia along with the kingdom of Moschis where as Strabo notes that he spoiled the temple of Leucothea    Strabo        p      Since Dejotarus was absent  he added to these some cities of Cappadocia and Pontus which belonged to the jurisdiction of Bithynia   Dio         He also captured Sinope and marched for Amisus  At that time he was not able to capture it   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4882,"EventTxt":"Pompey sent his wife Cornelia secretly into the isle of Lesbos so that she could live quietly at Mitylene free from all troubles of the wars   Lucan        init    She was accompanied by her son in law Sextius  the younger son of Pompey   Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio         However  Lucan said that he stayed in the camp with his father   Lucan        fin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4883,"EventTxt":"L  Hirtius  otherwise called Hirrius  was sent as an ambassador to the Parthians  as it is understood from Caesar   Caesar  Civil War          and did not get any help from Orodes but was thrown into prison by him against the law of countries   Dio          Orodes did this because Syria was not given to him   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956b AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4884,"EventTxt":"Pompey besieged Dyrrachium for four months with huge siege works  Finally he was utterly defeated in the battle of Pharsalus   Sueton  in Julius Caesar  c","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4885,"EventTxt":"When Caesar came into Thessaly   when the battle was fought at Palaeo pharsalus  and a few days later Pompey also came when the grain was ripe   Caesar  Civil War          Appian also confirmed that at the same time that the battle was  it was the Caesar s sitologia   Appian  Civil War          that it was in the middle of summer and very hot weather  if we believe Plutarch   Plutarch  in M  Brutus","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4886,"EventTxt":"On the same day of the battle at Pharsalus  twice at Antioch people heard such a shouting of an army  such sounding of alarms  such rattling of arms that the whole city ran up to the wall with their weapons  The same thing happened at Ptolemais  From the vestry of the temple of Bacchus at Pergamos where it was only lawful for the priests to enter  a loud noise of drums and cymbals started and went through all the city  At Tralles  in the temple of victory  where they had consecrated a statue to Caesar s  a green palm tree was shown in the root  which sprung out of the pavement between the cracks of the stones  The Syrians also had two young men appear to them and declared the intent of the battle and they were never seen again   Caesar  Civil War          Julius Obsequens  de prodigiis   Plutarch  in Caesar   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4887,"EventTxt":"In the army of Pompey  almost all the countries that live around the sea towards the east were represented  There were troops from the Thracians  Hellespontians  Bithynians  Phrygians  Ionians  Lydians  Pamphilians  Pisidians  Paphlagonians  Cilicians  Syrians  Phoenicians  Hebrews and their neighbours the Arabians  Cypriots  Rhodians  Cretian slingers and other islanders  There were kings and governors  Dejotarus  the tetrarch of Galatia and Ariarathes  the king of the Cappadocians  Taxiles who led those Armenians on this side of the Euphrates  Megabates  the lieutenant of King Arrasias led those beyond the Euphrates  Other minor princes helped also according to their power   Appian  Civil War        p       Since most of his army consisted of Asians who were not used to the wars  Pompey was defeated   Dio         Petronius also stated  He who made Pontus and Hydaspes quake  Did quell the pirates  by his triumph shake Three times great Jove  to whom Pontus submits wave And likewise Posphors their submission gave To his shame  has fled and left the name emperor","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4888,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had taken Pompey s files he did not read nor make copies of the pirate letters which showed their good will toward Pompey or their displeasure with Caesar  In a good deed  he soon burnt them all lest from the letters he should be compelled to act too severely against any man   Pliny           c     fin    Dio        fin   He later pardoned the kings and the people who had helped Pompey and did not impose any punishment on them except for two monetary fines  For he considered that he had either very little or no dealings with any of them  Pompey had deserved very much at their hands and Caesar much more commended those who had received favours from Pompey and yet had forsaken him in his greatest dangers   Dio        fin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4889,"EventTxt":"Pompey left the camp and fled to Larissa with very few accompanying him  He did not enter the city although he was invited to by the citizens lest the Larissaeans should be punished for receiving him  Later  he had asked them to seek the victor s friendship  When he had received necessary supplies from them  he went toward the sea   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4890,"EventTxt":"Caius Cassius came into Cilicia with a fleet of Syrians  Phoenicians  and Cilicians  After he burnt Caesar s ships  he learned of the battle that was fought in Thessalia and he departed with his fleet   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4891,"EventTxt":"After the battle of Pharsalus  the Rhodian fleet  under C  Coponius  deserted Pompey s side and returned home   Cicero  de divinatione","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4892,"EventTxt":"L  Lentulus  Cms  who was consul the former year and P  Lentulus  Spinther  who had been consul and others who had followed Pompey from the flight  arrived at Rhodes  They were not received into either the town or the port  After they sent messengers to them  they were ordered against their will  to get out of Rhodes   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4893,"EventTxt":"Caecilius Bassus  an equestrian on Pompey s side  retired to Tyre  He hid himself in that place where merchants used to trade   Dio          Libo        Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4894,"EventTxt":"M  Claudius Marcellus was afraid of Caesar and went to Mitylene  He lived there most happily in the study of good arts   as Seneca relates from Brutus  in his conciliation to Albina   Cicero in vain tried to persuade him that he should return from there to Rome and ask pardon of Caesar   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4895,"EventTxt":"Labienus left the battle at Pharsalus and brought news of the defeat of the Pompey s army to Dyrrachium  M  Cato was there with   cohorts and   galleys  Thereupon both he and Cicero and others that were with them were afraid and sailed away  As they looked back to the town  they saw all their cargo ships on fire which the soldiers had burned because they would not follow them  Cato crossed into Corcyra   an island located under Epirus  in the Ionian and Adriatic sea  where the fleet was with those that had fled for fear  He took the rest that had fled from the battle of Pharsalus or otherwise followed Pompey  From the battle also came L  Scipio  the father in law of Pompey  Labienus  Afranius and many other famous men  A little later Octavian  who was guarding the Ionian sea  had taken C  Antony with him  Also Cneus Pompey   the oldest son of Pompey the Great  who sailed in the Egyptian fleet  had made incursions on Epitus  When his father was defeated  the Egyptians went home and he went to Corcyra  C  Cassius also  who had attacked Sicily and along with others fled to Cato  whom they observed to excel all others in virtue   Cicero  de Divinat          Plutarch  in Cato the Younger   Appian  the Civil War        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4896,"EventTxt":"There Cato resigned his command to Cicero since he was only a praetor and the others had been consuls  When Cicero refused  he was a man  as Livy  Livy          notes was not bound for the wars   and wanted to leave the wars  he was almost killed  The young Pompey and his friends called him a traitor and drew their swords on him  Cato withstood them and kept Cicero from being killed and withdrew him from the camp   Plutarch  in Cato  Cicero","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4897,"EventTxt":"After this  the fleet was divided among Pompey s main friends  Cassius sailed into Pontus to Pharnaces with an intent of stirring him up against Caesar  Scipio sailed into Africa with Varus and his forces with him and the auxiliaries of Juba and Moor   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4898,"EventTxt":"Cato surmised that Pompey had fled either into Africa or Egypt and he hurried after him  Before he sailed  he gave permission to all that were not ready to follow him to either leave him or go with him   Plutarch  in Cato  Lucan describes the voyage like this   Lucan         He sails to Corcyra s shore  And in a thousand ships carries away The conquered remnant of Pharsalus  Who would have thought so great a fleet had held All fleeing men  That conquered ships had filled The straitened seas  from there they sailed away To Ghost field Tenarus  and long Malea  There to Cytherus  Boreas blowing fair  Crete flies and getting a good sea they clear The Cretan c  Phycus  that dared deny Their men to land  they sack deservedly","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4899,"EventTxt":"Phycus is a promontory of the country of Cyrene and a town  which  as the poet notes  Cato gave its plunder to his soldiers  Leaving Cato we will now continue the narrative of Pompey the Great s flight and of Julius Caesar pursuing him","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956c AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4900,"EventTxt":"Caesar stayed two days at Pharsalus to offer sacrifices for the victory he had won and to refresh his soldiers that were tired after the battle  On the third day  he pursued Pompey    Appian  Civil War        p      for he thought it best to set aside everything else and to pursue Pompey wherever he went lest he should be forced again to raise new forces and to renew the war again  Therefore he went every day with his cavalry as far as he possibly could and commanded one legion to follow after him by shorter marches   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4901,"EventTxt":"Pompey came to the sea and rested all night in a fisherman s cottage  About the break of day  he went into a ferry and took with him all the freemen  He ordered all the slaves to go to Caesar without any fear  He left the land   Plutarch  in Pompey  Concerning this Lucan wrote   Lucan         Now to the shore he came where Peneus ran Red with Pharsalus  slaughter to the   There a small barque unfit for seas and winds  Scarce safe in shallowest rivers Pompey finds And goes aboard","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4902,"EventTxt":"As he sailed in this boat along the shore  he saw a large ship under sail  The captain of it was Peticius  a Roman citizen  He knew Pompey and took him from the boat into the ship together with the two Lentuli  who had been consuls  who  as we have shown from Caesar s writings  were excluded from Rhodes   Favonius   who had been praetor   Velleius Paterculus     I e       and all others that wanted to come  Shortly after this  King Dejotarus  who trusted to the flight of birds  which he thought portended good success to him   came to Pompey   Cicero  de Divinat           When they saw him riding toward them from the land  they took him in also   Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4903,"EventTxt":"At anchor one night  Pompey called to his friends at Amphipolis  After he had received money from them for his necessary expenses and when he knew that Caesar was coming after him  he left that place   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4904,"EventTxt":"After he sailed by Amphipolis  within a few days he came to shore at the isle of Lesbos   Caesar  Civil War          Plutarch  in Pompey   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4905,"EventTxt":"He sent for his wife from Mitylene to sea where they bewailed together their bad fortune  Then she ordered her baggage to be brought from the town and called her maid servants to come to her  However  Pompey refused to come into the town of the Mitylenians although they came to greet him and invited him in  He advised them to obey the conqueror and not to be afraid for Caesar was merciful and generous  Then he turned to Cratippus  the philosopher  for he came from the town to visit him  and bewailed his misfortune and disputed with him some things concerning providence  The philosopher affirmed that  vv by reason of the poor government of the commonwealth","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4906,"EventTxt":"there was need of a monarchy  He asked Pompey  vv How and by what token can we believe that you would have used your good fortune better than Caesar if you had overcome Caesar   Plutarch  in Pompey","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4907,"EventTxt":"He was detained there for two days by a storm  He took other light ships and he put all his belongings into four galleys which came from Rhodes and Tyre  He sailed along the coast to Cilicia with his wife and friends and stopped along the havens that he might take on fresh water and supplies   Caesar  Civil War          Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian  p          Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4908,"EventTxt":"To these we may add what Lucan said   Lucan         So hid the stars  and land discovered When those that from Pharsalus  battle fled To Pompey came  and first from Lesbos shores He met his  then kings and senators  For Pompey yet  although at that sad time Vanquished and fled  had kings to wait on  Proud sceptred kings that in the east did reign Attended there in banished Pompey s train  Then Pompey  King Dejotarus commands  To go for help to furthest eastern lands","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4909,"EventTxt":"Pompey gave his instructions in which Dejotarus was sent to request help from the Parthians   which he never did   Lucan  the poet  goes on to describe the journey of Pompey  The king took leave at shore And by the Icarian rocks great Pompey gone Leaves Ephesus and sea calm Colophone  Shaving small Samos foamy rocks he goes  A gentle gale blows from the shore of Cos  Gnidon and Phoebus honoured Rhodes he leaves And sailing straight in the mid ocean saves Telmessus long and winding circuits  First Pamphylia greets their eyes  but Pompey durst Commit his person to no town but thee Little Phaselis  thy small company And few inhabitants could not cause fear More in thy ships than in thy walls there were","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4910,"EventTxt":"The first town that Pompey entered was Attalia of Pisidia  Some ships came to him there from Cilicia with some soldiers also and about   senators  When he heard news that his navy was safe and that Cato had crossed into Africa with a strong force of soldiers that he had gathered from the flight  then he began to regret that he had fought with Caesar so far from the help of his fleet  But it was too late now to change what was done   Plutarch  in Pompey  Lucan stated that at Selinus in Cilicia  Pompey began to discuss with Lentulus  who was the previous year s consul  and with the rest of the senators about some safe place where he might retreat to   Lucan","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4911,"EventTxt":"Pompey sailed to Cyprus from Cilicia   Caesar  Civil Wars         Those who came to offer their service to him at Paphos  assured him that Cicero had made a very honourable mention of him   Cicero  in Philippica       He also knew that by the general consent of all the Antiochians and Roman citizens who traded there  the citadel of Antioch was already taken merely to keep him out  It was also reported of them that they had sent messengers to all the neighbouring cities where any had retired from the flight that they should not come to Antioch  If they did  it would be at the risk of their lives  Now there was a report circulated around the cities about Caesar s coming there  When Pompey knew this  he set aside his intention of going into Syria  He took away the money that belonged to the guilds and also from private persons and shipped this huge sum of money to defray the charges of the army  He took   well armed soldiers  some whom he took from the families of the guilds and some whom he forced from the merchants and whomever he thought fit for this purpose   and he sailed to Pelusium   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4912,"EventTxt":"Theophanes  from Lesbos  and Pompey s other friends  persuaded him that he should forget about every other place and go into Egypt  It was within three day s journey and was a rich and powerful country  He might expect help from the king who was his charge  especially since Pompey had restored his father to his kingdom with the help of Gabinius and the son was not ungrateful but had sent ships to Pompey against Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian  p       Dio         As soon as that opinion prevailed  Pompey and his wife went into a ship of Seleucis and set sail from Cyprus  Some accompanied him in long ships and others in cargo ships   Plutarch  in Pompey  Lucan describes this voyage thus   Lucan         Pompey departing thence  his course he bend  Round all the Cyprian Rocks that southward tend  And got into the interposed   Nor by the nights weak light could he attain Mount Casius  but with struggling sails and strength  A lower port of Egypt reached at length  Where parted Nile greatest channel flows  And to the ocean at Pelusium goes","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4913,"EventTxt":"Caesar lacked galleys and crossed the Hellespont in small ships  As he was crossing in a ferry boat  Cassius was coming to Pharnaces with ten war ships and met Caesar in the middle of the crossing  Caesar did not avoid him but headed straight toward him and advised his adversary to surrender  Crassus was astonished at the incredible boldness of Caesar and thought that they sailed against him on purpose  He held Caesar s hand to help him from the galley and humbly demanded his pardon  He immediately turned over the fleet of   ships to him  if we believe Appian   Sueton  in Julius Caesar  c       Appian  p          Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4914,"EventTxt":"As soon as Caesar came into Asia  he granted the Cnidians  liberty as a favour to Theopompus who had collected the fables   Plutarch  in Caesar  He received into favour the Ionians and Aeolians  He pardoned the other countries who lived in the lesser Asia who asked Caesar s pardon through their ambassadors   Appian  p     Caesar only asked money from them which yet he recompensed with another benefit  He freed Asia from the publicans who had grievously vexed it and converted part of the customs into a convenient payment of tribute   Dio          He remitted the third part of the tribute to all the inhabitants of Asia   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4915,"EventTxt":"T  Ampius intended to take away the money from the temple at Ephesus and called the senators of that province that they might be witnesses of what money he took  He was forced to flee when he heard that Caesar was coming  Thus Caesar saved the money at Ephesus twice   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4916,"EventTxt":"Since no one knew for certain where Pompey planned to flee to  Caesar took part of his journey alone with M  Brutus  who defected to him from Pompey s side and Caesar esteemed among his chiefest friends   Caesar asked his opinion and because they could make no certain conjecture about Pompey s flight  they thought to take the most probable journey and set aside all other places and headed straight for Egypt   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  They feared lest Pompey got control of that kingdom that he should again rally his forces   Dio          Therefore he crossed to Rhodes and did not wait until all his army had come together  He continued on with the ships of Cassius and the Rhodian galleys with those forces that he had with him  He told no one where he planned to go and set sail about evening  He ordered all the ship captains that by night they should follow the light of the admiral s galley and his own flag by day  When they were now far from land  he ordered his captain of his ship to direct his course for Alexandria and they arrived there on the third day   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4917,"EventTxt":"Lucan   Lucan          describes this voyage of Caesar more like a poet than an historian  He stated how Caesar stayed at Ilium and the places around there  He sailed from there and he came into Egypt on the seventh night  This said  to shore He hastens  takes shipping  and to Coreus lends His full spread sails with haste to make amends For these delays and with a prosperous wind  Leaves wealthy Asia and fair Rhodes behind  The west wind blowing still  the seventh night Discovers Egypt s shore by Pharian l  But ere they reach the harbour  day appears  And dims the night by fires","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4918,"EventTxt":"Caesar explained what happened the most clearly   Caesar  Civil War         vv After Caesar had spent a few days in Asia  he heard that Pompey was seen at Cyprus  Caesar conjectured that Pompey had sailed to Egypt since he had ties with that kingdom and other opportunities in that place  Caesar came to Alexandria with the legions  one which he ordered to follow him from Thessaly  and another which he had ordered to come to him from Achaia under his lieutenant Fusius with   cavalry in the ten Rhodian ships and a few from Asia  In these legions were   men  The rest were so weakened with their wounds in battle and with the labour and length of the journey that they could not catch up to Caesar  Caesar trusted in the fame of what he had done and made no doubt of what was going on  For all his forces were so weak and he thought that each place would be secure enough for him","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4919,"EventTxt":"Lucan describes when Pompey came into Egypt ahead of Caesar   Lucan         That time was come wherein just Libra weighs The hours and makes the nights equal with   Then pays the winter nights hours which the spring Had taken away","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4920,"EventTxt":"This was at the end of September as the year was then accounted that Lucan knew that Pompey came into Egypt  Lucan knew that at the end of the same month in the Julian year which was used in his time  the sun was entering Libra  Thereupon  not considering the different account of the times  he wrote that Pompey came into Egypt about the autumnal solstice  This was the time when the sun began to enter into Leo about the beginning of the dog days and the Nile River began to flood  It was in Libra when the river usually recedes to within its banks","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4921,"EventTxt":"Not far from Pelusium  one of the mouths of the Nile  about the Mountain Cassius  which is located between the borders of Egypt and Arabia  King Ptolemy was waging war with his sister Cleopatra with large forces  He had expelled her from the kingdom a few months earlier  His camp was not far from Cleopatra s camp   Caesar  Civil Wars           Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian  p       Dio         Caesar stated that Ptolemy was only a boy in age  Mirtius says he was a middle aged boy   Mirtius  de bell  Alexandra    Strabo said he was a very young boy   Strabo        p      Dio stated he was only a boy   Dio         Orosius stated he was a young man   Orosius        c      Plutarch stated he was a very young man   Plutarch  in Pompey  Velleius said he was nearer a boy than a man   Velleius Paterculus        c      Appian wrote that he was at the most only thirteen years old   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4922,"EventTxt":"When Pompey saw so large an army on the shore  he dared not land unless he might do so safely  Finding the king to keep within the Cassian Mount  He turned aside   Lucan","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4923,"EventTxt":"He sent some of his followers to the king who would humbly tell him of his arrival  They were to intreat him  for the sake of the friendship he had with his father and the benefits confirmed on himself that Pompey might be received into Alexandria and be protected by his forces in this calamity   Caesar  Civil War          Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian  p      Dio          After those that went from Pompey had delivered their message  they began to talk more freely with the king s soldiers that they should perform their duty to Pompey and not despise his ill fortune  In this number were many of Pompey s soldiers whom Gabinius had received from his army in Syria and had taken to Alexandria to establish Ptolemy  After that war was over  he had left them with Ptolemy  the father of the lad   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4924,"EventTxt":"The king did not reply but his friends who had the administration of the kingdom  Achillas an Egyptian  who was lord general and Pothinus an eunuch  who was lord treasurer  began to discuss Pompey s situation  They held a council and talked with other officers including Theodoras  He was either a Chian or a Samian  a mercenary teacher of rhetoric  He was held in great authority with the king since he was the king s school teacher   Livy             Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4925,"EventTxt":"In this council  some were of the opinion that Pompey was to be received  and others that he should be kept from entering Egypt  However  Theodoras who bragged of his eloquence and skill in arguments  stated that both sides were mistaken  There was only one expedient thing to do  They should receive him and put him to death  He added at the close of his speech that the dead do not bite   Plutarch  in Pompey  Brutus","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4926,"EventTxt":"The rest followed his opinion through fear  They later said that lest by tampering with the king s army  Pompey would seize Alexandria and Egypt  If they condemned his misfortune  as is commonly done in times of trouble  many of his friends would become enemies  Therefore they publicly answered kindly to those who were sent to them from Pompey and asked him to come to the king  Privately  they sent to kill Pompey  Achillas  the king s general and a man of singular audacity and L  Septimius  a colonel  who in the wars against the pirates had a command under Pompey   Caesar  Civil Wars","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4927,"EventTxt":"These with Salvius  another centurion and three or four such officers went aboard a little ship and came to Pompey  In the meanwhile  the whole army stood in battle formation along the shore as if it were in honour of his arrival  The king was at the head of them and clothed in his robes  There were many of the king s ships around that were full of men to make sure Pompey could not escape if they should change their minds  As the little ship approached  Septimius arose first and in Latin greeted Pompey by the name of imperator  Achillas greeted him in Greek and asked him to come aboard that little ship  It would be impossible to land in Pompey s large ship because the sea was full of sand bars  The king desired to see him as soon as he could along with all the chief men of those who had accompanied Pompey  All those who sailed with him came to him and advised him that while they were out of danger of their weapons  he should set sail back again toward the sea  When Pompey saw the army in battle array  the small ship that was sent to him  that the king did not come to meet him  nor any of the chief noblemen  he also began to suspect as much  However  he greeted Cornelia who had already bewailed his death  He ordered two centurions and from his free men  Philip and a servant called Scynes  to board the little ship ahead of him  Then Achillas helped him with his hand  Pompey also entered the ship  Just before turning to his wife and son  Pompey spoke those lines of Sophocles  Who deal with tyrants they shall surely be Enslaved  though before they are never so free","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4928,"EventTxt":"As they sailed there was a dead silence and his suspicion was increased  He held a book in his hand in which he had written the speech he intended to give to Ptolemy and he began to read it when they came near the shore  They determined to kill Pompey before they came to land for they feared lest he meet with Ptolemy  he should be safely delivered either by the king or by the Romans who he had with him or the Egyptians  who bore him much good will   Cornelia with his friends from the ship  stood in great suspense and watched the whole thing  Pompey began to be encouraged because at his landing point  he saw many of the king s friends come running to greet him with honour  However  as Philip lent him his hand to help him up  Septimius first came behind him and ran him through  After him  Salvius and Achillas thrust him through with their swords  Pompey had no way of defending himself or escaping  With both his hands  he hid his face with his gown  He neither spoke nor did anything unworthy of himself and only gave a groan and patiently received all their thrusts   Caesar  Civil Wars          Plutarch  in Pompey   Appian p       Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4929,"EventTxt":"When his wife and friends who were on the ships saw this  they gave a great shriek which was heard even on the shore  They held up their hands to heaven and implored the gods that were the revengers of covenant breaking  They quickly weighed anchor and fled   Plutarch  in Pompey    Appian  p       Some of those who were taken by the Egyptians that pursued them and some escaped who  Dio        first sailed as far as Tyre and were shown hospitality by the Tyrians in their flight   Dio         Of those that escaped  his wife Cornelia and his son Sextus Pompey fled to Cyprus   Livy         The rest of Pompey s fleet was taken and everyone in it was most cruelly murdered  Then Pompey  the Bithynian  of whom Cicero mentioned   Cicero  in Brutus or declaris of atoribus  as one who lived at that time  was killed  Lentulus  who had been consul  was killed at Pelusium   Orosius        c      He was the same L  Lentulus who was the consul in the previous year whom Caesar wrote was captured by the king and killed in prison   Caesar  Civil War         Plutarch  Plutarch  in Pompey  noted that he together with Pompey went to Cyprus and that he did not leave Cyprus for Egypt until a long time after the burial of Pompey  A little after leaving Cyprus  he was taken at sea and killed","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4930,"EventTxt":"Caius Caesar and Publius Servilius were consuls when Pompey was killed in the  th year of his age  the day before his birthday    Velleius Paterculus        c       On that very day  he had triumphed in earlier times over Mithridates and the pirates   Dio         That triumph lasted for two days and started on the third day before the month of October as we have shown from Pliny   Pliny        c           c      Hence he died the day after his birthday  The last day of September which was the last day of the life of Pompey  was Julian July  th  The Roman calendar was in a mess at that time","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4931,"EventTxt":"Septimius cut off the head of Pompey   as Lucan says and it was kept until Caesar arrived and he hoped for a large reward  The body was thrown naked from the ship  to be seen by all that would  Philip  his freed man  stayed by it until all had satisfied their eyes  Then he washed it with sea water and wrapped it in a coat of his own  When he had nothing present  he looked around the shore and he found the broken planks of a fishing boat  This was enough to burn the naked body but not completely  As he was gathering the planks together and laying them in order  a grave old citizen of Rome  who had served under Pompey in his younger days  came and helped him to perform the funeral rites   Plutarch  in Pompey  Appian wrote that a certain man buried Pompey on the shore and made a little monument for him and another man added this inscription   Appian  p      Scarce would the temple hold  That which is covered over with a little mould","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4932,"EventTxt":"We read  Aurelius Victor  de viris illustribus  c      that the trunk of his body was cast into the Nile and burnt  It was buried by Servius Codrus who wrote this on his tomb  HERE LIETH POMPEY THE GREAT  Lucan wrote   Lucan         To the shore did fearful Codrus come Out of his lurking hole that was before  Great Pompey s quaester and from Cyprus shore Had followed  he by the shades of night Durst go true love had vanquish terror quite To find his slaughtered lord  along the sand  And through the waves to bring the trunk to land","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4933,"EventTxt":"For the poet more correctly seeks his body in the sea than Aurelius Victor who stated it was in the Nile  It is shown by other writers that Pompey was killed and buried not far from the Cassian Mountain   Strabo        p       Pliny        c      This was the end of the great Pompey s life  who was accounted the most powerful among the Romans  He was surnamed Agamemnon because he also had the command of   ships but then died near Egypt in a little ship like one of the smallest Egyptian s boats  He had an oracle a long time earlier that made him suspect all the clan of the Cassian family  He was killed and buried near Mount Cassius   Dio          This mountain is located not far from the border of Judea which he first subjected under the Roman yoke","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4934,"EventTxt":"Those who were with Cato arrived in Cyrene and heard of the death of Pompey   Dio         Cornelia  with her son in law  Sextus Pompey  was driven there from Cyprus as Lucan stated   Lucan         They first arrived on Cyprus foamy shore  From there a mild east wind commanding bore Their ships to Cato s Libyan Camp","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4935,"EventTxt":"He adds moreover that the son of Pompey  Cnaeus the elder  who was with Cato  there learned from his younger brother Sextus  who was with Cornelia about the death of his father  Cornelia burnt the remains of Pompey  By her example the rest of the army made funeral piles and performed funeral rites to the ghosts of those who died in Pharsalum  Cato made a funeral speech in the memory of Pompey","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4936,"EventTxt":"After this  they had different ideas as what to do  Those who had no hope of obtaining pardon from Caesar  stayed with Cato  Others left and went where chance took them  Others went directly to Caesar and obtained pardon   Dio         Cornelia  was given a pardon and returned safely to Rome   Dio          In the Mount Albanus  she buried the remains of her husband that were brought to her   Lucan          Plutarch  Pompey  in fin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4937,"EventTxt":"The soldiers of Cato  who were chiefly mariners of Cilicia under their captain  Tarcho  were ready to leave him  They were stirred with the words Cato spoke to them and returned to their duty   Lucan","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4938,"EventTxt":"Cato was allowed to enter by the citizens in Cyrene  when a few days earlier  they had shut their gates against Labienus   Plutarch  in Cato   Lucan         Their second labour is To scale Cyrene s lofty walls on whom  Cato no vengeance took when overcome  Though they against him shut their gates  to him Revenge sufficient did their conquest seem  He hence to Libyan Juba s kingdom goes","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4939,"EventTxt":"Cato was told that Scipio  the father in law of Pompey was welcomed by King Juba and that Appius Varus  to whom the province of Africa was given by Pompey  had gone to them with his army   Plutarch  in Cato","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4940,"EventTxt":"After three days in his pursuit  for as much as can be gathered from the epitome of Lucan   Caesar came to Alexandria  King Ptolemy was still around the Cassius Mountain    Appian  p       He found that the Alexandrians were in rebellion over the death of Pompey  He dared not go ashore immediately but left the shore and stayed off for some time   Dio        Lucan stated   Lucan         where when he saw the shore With giddy tumult all confused over Doubting if safe to trust them did forbear To bring his ships to land","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4941,"EventTxt":"When Caesar knew Pompey was dead  he went first from his ship and heard the shout of the soldiers whom Ptolemy had left for a garrison in the town  He saw them come running out to him because his fasces was carried before him  In this all the crowd said that the royal majesty was disgraced   Caesar  Civil War          Dio        Concerning this event  Lucan wrote   Lucan        But perceiving that the throng Of people murmured that in Egypt he Bare the ensigns up of Rome s authority He finds their wavering faiths","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4942,"EventTxt":"In spite of this  Caesar entered Alexandria when it was in a turmoil without any danger to himself   Livy         He retired by fleeing into the palace  The weapons were taken from some of his soldiers  The crowd went back as all the ships came to shore   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4943,"EventTxt":"Caesar was very angry when Theodoras offered to him the head and signet of Pompey  He took the ring and started to weep   Livy          Plutarch  in Caesar  We read  Aurelius Victor  de viris illustr  c       that the head of Pompey with the ring was presented to Caesar by Achillas  the captain of Ptolemy s guard and was wrapped in an Egyptian covering  Caesar had it burned with many and most precious odours  He did not stop weeping  Lucan mentions concerning the head that was given to him by the captain of the guard   Lucan          Bringing his king s dire guise great Pompey s head With an Egyptian mantle covered","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4944,"EventTxt":"Both Dio and Lucan think Caesar was being a hypocrite and the tears were not genuine  Caesar at his first gift would not refuse Nor turn his eyes away but fixedly views Till he perceived it was true  and plainly saw  It was safe to be a pious father in law  Then shed forced tears and from a joyful breast Drew sighs and groans as thinking tears would best Concealed his inward joy","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4945,"EventTxt":"Concerning the burial of the head  Lucan brings in Caesar commanding  But do you interr This worthies head  not that the earth may bear And hide your g  bring fumes and odours store  To appease his head  and gather from the shore His scattered l  compose them in on tomb","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4946,"EventTxt":"However  Caesar ordered the head to be buried in the suburbs and there dedicated a temple of Nemeses  revenge     Appian  p","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4947,"EventTxt":"So that he might show more of his good will toward Pompey  he kindly entertained his friends and associates who were captured as they wandered in that country by the king  He won them to himself by favours that he did for them  He wrote to his friends at Rome that the greatest and most pleasant fruit that he took of his victory was that he daily saved some citizens that had opposed him   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4948,"EventTxt":"Before his army came to him and for lack of his own company  Caesar gave himself to idle pursuits  He courteously entertained all he met and walked about to see the city  He admired its beauty and stood to hear many of the professors of wisdom  His leisure won him favour and good account with the people of Alexandria   Appian  Civil War  p     fin  p     init   Thus Lucan said that he visited the temples and the cave where the body of Alexander the Great lay  Then with a look still hiding fear goes he  The stately temple of the old god to  Which speaks the ancient Macedonian greatness  But there delighted with no objects sweetness  Nor with their gold nor gods majestic dress  Nor lofty city walls  with greediness  Into the burying vault goes Caesar down  There Macedonian Philip s mad brained son  The prosperous thief lies buried  whom just fate Slew in the world s revenge","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4949,"EventTxt":"Caesar turned over to Cn  Domitius Calvinus  the government of Asia  and the neighbouring provinces   Hirtius  de bello  Alexandrino         Caesar ordered him to take the armies that were in Asia with him and he should make war on King Pharnaces   Dio         When Caesar saw that there were many riots daily at Alexandria because of the great gathering of the multitude and that many soldiers were killed in various places of the city  he ordered the legions to be brought to him from Asia which he had gathered together from Pompey s soldiers  He was detained there by the etesian winds which are most contrary to them that sail from Alexandria   Caesar         Those are the northern winds which stop blowing about the end of the Julian August we may learn from in the Ephemerides of Geminus and Ptolemy and also in Pliny   Pliny        c      and Columbella   Columbella  de re rustica          From there we find the error of Lucan who stated  Lucan          that Pompey came to Egypt at the time of the autumnal equinox  Lucan  Lucan         also told of that weary march of Cato with the legions through African desert   concerning this see Livy   Livy          after he heard of the death of Pompey  He said it was taken by him in the winter that followed this equinox","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4950,"EventTxt":"When Cato left Cyrene  he tried to cross the Syrts with his fleet  A storm cast him into the marshes of Tritonis  Sextus Pompey was left with part of the forces in the more fruitful places of Africa  Cato intended to march by land since the sea was now impassable because of storms  He wanted to find the king of Mauritania as Lucan described  Part of the fleet got off from hence again  And from the Syrts  driven  did remain Under great Pompey s oldest son s command  On this side Garamantis in rich land  But Cato s virtue brooking no delay  Through unknown regions led his troops away  To encompass round the Syrts by land  for now  The stormy seas unnavigable grow In winter time","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4951,"EventTxt":"Plutarch  Plutarch  in Cato  affirmed that this overland march took place in the winter","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4952,"EventTxt":"His army was miserably oppressed in the country of the Nasamones which is near the Syrts  The winds blew the sand about and water was scarce  They found a huge number of different kinds of snakes  Cato arrived at the temple of Jupiter Ammon  and was advised by Labeio to consult the oracle about his future fortune  He refused and finally after wandering two months through the sandy deserts of Africa  he came to Leptis  He spent the winter there   Lucan         After winter he assembled his     soldiers again   Plutarch  in Cato","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4953,"EventTxt":"Caesar was detained at Alexandria by the etesian winds and spent his time in Egypt in raising money and deciding the controversy between Ptolemy and Cleopatra   Dio         He collected some of that vast sum of money that was owed to him by Ptolemy Auletes  the father of the young king  to pay the costs of his army   Plutarch  in Caesar  The Egyptians did not take kindly to Caesar s collection procedures  They  of all people  were most superstitious worshippers of a multitude of gods  and did not approve of Caesar taking those things that were dedicated to their gods   Dio         Although in this  he was deceived by the king s guardians that they might by this show that the king s treasury was empty and so that they might stir up the people to hate Caesar   Orosus        c      To encourage this unrest  the eunuch  Pothinus  a man who was in greatest authority  spoke and did many things in public  For he gave the soldiers old and musty grain and told them that they should be content because they were fed at the expense of another  He ordered that his own supper should be served up in wooden and earthen dishes and said that Caesar had taken away all the gold and silver plate  for the payment of the debt   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4954,"EventTxt":"Caesar thought that the controversies of the king and queen belonged to the people of Rome and to him because he was a consul  They were associated with his office because in his former consulship  there was a league made with Ptolemy the father of them both  Therefore he told them that it was his pleasure that both king Ptolemy and his sister Cleopatra should dismiss their armies  They should settle their controversies by law before him rather than between themselves by fighting   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4955,"EventTxt":"The death of Pompey was not believed at Rome until his signet ring was sent there later  It had three trophies engraved on it  or as Plutarch thought  a lion holding a sword   Then the Romans strove to see who would give most honours to Caesar  He was given power to do with Pompey s side as he wished  He was given authority to make war and peace with whomever he wanted without consulting the Roman people  He was made consul for five years  He was made dictator for a whole year not the normal six months time  He would have the authority of a tribune as long as he lived and he would sit with the tribunes and determine anything to be done together with them  This was never done before   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4956,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had accepted these honours  although he was out of Italy  he immediately entered into the office of dictator   Dio         Josephus correctly begins his rule from this time and assigned it a period of three and an half years   Josephus  Antiq         c      In Syria  as the Antiochians seem to reckon the times of the Caesars from his first dictatorship  so the Lacedomonians from this second dictatorship  Eusebius in his Chronicle at the second year of the empire of Probus showed that the Laodicean account was later than the Antiochian account  but by only one year","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3956,"Season":"Summer","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3956d AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4957,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus stated that the king and those by whom he was governed  attempted treason against Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c      Suetonius affirmed this of King Ptolemy himself   Suetonius  in Julio  c      Eutropius   Eutropius         and Plutarch stated the eunuch Pothinus was the instigator of the treasons that were plotted against him  Caesar began to feast whole nights in his own defence  Pothinus would tell him  that now it was time to stop and to attend to his important business and later return to his feasting  Caesar replied that he did not require any advice from any of the Egyptians  He sent for Cleopatra secretly from the country   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4958,"EventTxt":"Previously Cleopatra  had pleaded her case before Caesar through other men  As soon as she knew his nature that his weakness was women  then she desired that she personally might plead her own case before him   Dio          This was granted  and she only took one of her friends with her  Apollodorus Siculus  They sailed in a light ship to the palace as soon as it was dark  Since she could not easily hide herself  she laid herself a long in a mattress that was folded up  which Apollodorus tied up with a cord and carried up through the gate to Caesar   Plutarch  in Caesar  Lucan describes her arrival to Caesar like this   Lucan        Now the young king come from Pelusium Had pacified the peoples wrath  in whom As hostage of his peace in Egypt court Caesar was   when  lo  from Pharos port  Bribing the keeper to unchain the same  In a small galley Cleopatra came  Unknown to Caesar entering the house The stain of Egypt  Rome s pernicious Fury  unchaste to Italy s disgrace","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4959,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra fell at Caesar s feet and asked for her part of the kingdom  She was an exceedingly beautiful woman and her beauty was much increased by this  She did seem to suffer so great an injury as also the hatred of the king himself who had murdered Pompey  The king did not do this for Caesar s sake and would have just as easily killed Caesar if he could   Floras        c      When Caesar saw Cleopatra and heard her speak  he immediately became her slave  As soon as it was day  he sent for Ptolemy and mediated a peace between them  He became Cleopatra s advocate  whose judge he was previously  This thing and because he saw his sister with Caesar before he was aware of it  so inflamed the lad with anger that he ran out to the people  He shouted that he was betrayed and took his crown and threw it to the ground   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4960,"EventTxt":"After this a large uproar resulted  Caesar s soldiers took Ptolemy and carried him in but the Egyptians were all in an uproar  Unless Caesar who was afraid and had not gone to talk to them from a safe place and promised them that he do what they wanted  they could have easily captured the palace on the first assault  They had entered it by sea and land  The Romans who thought they had been among their friends  had no means to resist   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4961,"EventTxt":"After these things  Caesar together with Ptolemy and Cleopatra  went out to the people and read the will of their father  It stated that after the ancient custom of the Egyptians  that the two should be married together and should hold the kingdom in common and they should be under the protection of the people of Rome  Caesar added that it was his part  who now was dictator and had all the power of the people of Rome  both to take care of the children and to see their father s will was followed  Therefore  he gave the kingdom of Egypt to Ptolemy and Cleopatra  He gave Cyprus to Arsinoe and Ptolemy the younger for he was so afraid at that time that he would willingly have given anything of his own rather then have taken anything away that belonged to the Egyptians  By this was the riot appeased   Dio           Caesar  Civil War          Livy          Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4962,"EventTxt":"King Dejotarus came to Cn  Domitius Calvinus  Caesar s lieutenant in Asia and wanted him not to allow Armenia the Less  his own kingdom  nor Cappadocia  the kingdom of Ariobarzanes  to be occupied and plundered by Pharnaces  Unless his activities were checked  they could not do as they were commanded nor pay the money that they had promised to Caesar  Domitius immediately sent messengers to Pharnaces that he should get out of Armenia and Cappadocia  He thought this order would carry greater weight if he came nearer those countries with his army  Therefore he selected a legion from the three legions that he had with him  He took the  th and the other two were sent into Egypt to Caesar who had written to him for them  In addition to the  th legion  he added two more that he had received from Dejotarus  They were disciplined and armed after the Roman manner  As well as  he gave him an hundred cavalry and Domitius took as many from Ariobarzanes  He sent also P  Sextius to C  Paetorius  his quaester  to bring to him a legion that he had quickly raised  He sent to Q  Patiscus in Cilicia  to bring more troops  All these forces were ordered by Domitius to meet as quickly as possible at Comiana   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrine","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4963,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the ambassadors returned an answer from Pharnaces that he had left Cappadocia and that he had recovered Armenia the Less  which he ought to keep since it belonged to his father  Furthermore  the whole business of that king should be referred to Caesar himself  for he would do whatever he should decide  He left Cappadocia because he could more easily defend Armenia since it was nearer his own kingdom than Cappadocia  When Domitius knew his reply  he still thought that he should get out of Armenia for he had no more right to Armenia than to Cappadocia  His request was unjust that the whole business should be tabled until Caesar came for nothing would change in the meantime  After Domitius had replied  he marched with his forces into Armenia  In the meantime  Pharnaces sent many embassies to Domitius to entreat for peace and offered him expensive presents  Domitius constantly refused them all and answered the ambassadors that he did not account anything more dear to him than to recover the dignity of the people of Rome and the kingdom of their allies   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrino","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4964,"EventTxt":"While Caesar carried on the war at Alexandria  Dejotarus did what he could for Caesar and supplied Cn  Domitius  army with lodgings  He added his own forces to Domitius as Cicero confirms in a speech that he made in his behalf   Cicero  pro Dejotarus","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4965,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  the eunuch Pothinus  who had the oversight of all the king s treasure and of the whole kingdom  feared lest he should be punished for the former sedition of the Egyptians of which he was the chief ringleader  He was the instigator of a new and difficult war  He first complained among his own friends that the king was called to plead his cause  To others whom he planned to have on his side  he sowed a suspicion that Caesar indeed  to appease the riot  had given the kingdom to both parties but that in the process of time  he would give it to Cleopatra alone  He solicited Achillas by letters and messengers  who was commander in chief of all the king s forces  He first provoked him by his own promises and flattered him with promises from the king that he alone should lead all the king s army of foot soldiers and cavalry from Pelusium to Alexandria   Caesar  Civil War          Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4966,"EventTxt":"Caesar s forces were not so many that if he must be forced to fight outside the town  he dared not trust them  The only thing that he could do  was to stay within Alexandria and wait and see what Achillas planned to do  He wished the king to send some of his most confident friends and of greatest authority as ambassadors to Achillas  So that he should declare his intentions  Dioscorides and Serapion  who had been ambassadors at Rome and had been in great authority with his father  were sent from the king  When they came to Achillas as soon as they came within sight  before Achillas knew why they came  he ordered them to be taken and killed  One of them was wounded and was taken away by his own men for dead and the other was killed  After this  Caesar brought things so to pass that he got the king under his own power  He thought that the name of the king would be of great authority among his own country men and that this war might seem to be undertaken rather by the outrage of a few private men and thieves  than by the advice of the king   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4967,"EventTxt":"Achillas had substantial forces with him  They were     trained armed troops  These consisted of the soldiers of Gabinius  who now were accustomed to the life and licentiousness of the Alexandrians and had forgotten the name and discipline of the people of Rome  These were joined by a company of thieves and robbers from the provinces of Syria  Cilicia and the neighbouring provinces  Moreover  there met here many that were condemned persons and banished men  All Roman fugitives were safe and well taken care of at Alexandria  As soon as they said their names  they were enlisted among the soldiers  If anyone was apprehended by his master  he was taken away again by a concourse of soldiers  They defended the violence of their companions because they were just as guilty and for fear of their own punishment  These were used to  according to the old custom of the Alexandrian army  demand that the king s friends be put to death and to plunder rich men s goods to increase their pay  They besieged the king s palace  banished some and recalled others from banishment  There were also   cavalry  many of whom had served a long time in the wars of Alexandria   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4968,"EventTxt":"Achillas trusted in these forces and despised the fewness of Caesar s soldiers  He captured Alexandria and attempted to break into Caesar s house  However  Caesar  had stationed his cohorts in the passes and they withstood the assault  They fought at the same time at the harbour where the fiercest fighting took place of all  At the same time  the enemy brought their forces and fought in many passes and endeavoured also with many troops to seize the long ships  Fifty of these were sent to help Pompey and when the battle in Thessalia was over  they returned  They were all galleys with either three of five oars on a bank  well rigged and furnished with all tackling for sailing  In addition to these    ships always stationed there at Alexandria to guard it  They were all covered  or rather beaked with ramming prows   which the enemy had seized since Caesar s fleet had left  They had the harbour and the whole sea at their command and had kept Caesar from all provisions and any help from coming to him  Therefore this was the hottest part of the battle  Caesar knew the importance of the fleet and the harbour for their safety  Caesar got the better of it and burnt those ships and the rest that were in the arsenal because he could not defend them with the few troops that he had   Caesar  Civil War          Nor over the ships alone do flames pre  But all the houses near the shore assail  The south winds feed the flame  and drive it on Along the houses with such motion  As through the welkin fiery meteors run  That wanting fuel fed on air alone   Lucan","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4969,"EventTxt":"When this fire had spread to part of the city  it burned     books that were stored in the adjoining houses  This was a singular monument to the care and industry of their ancestors who had gathered together so many and so great works of famous writers   Orosius        c       Livy said that here was a famous work of the glory and care of those kings as it is in Seneca   Livy  de Tranquillitate animi        c      where the same number of books is said to have been burned  A  Gellius  Gellius        c      stated the same  Ammianus Marcellinus  Marcellius          stated that there were     burned  Indeed when at the end of the Alexandrian war  the city was plundered by the soldiers  However  Plutarch   Plutarch  in Caesar  stated that at the beginning of this war  the flame was increased by the arsenal and that the library was burned  Dio  Dio         confirmed that the store houses  granaries and library were burned together with the arsenal","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4970,"EventTxt":"After the fleet was burned and the enemy was still engaged in fighting  Caesar at the island of Pharos  which was joined to the city with a narrow neck of land of   paces long and makes the harbour  landed his soldiers from the ships and placed a garrison there  As soon as he had done this  he was able to bring grain and troops to him by ship   Caesar  Civil War         Lucan wrote of the taking of Pharos by him   Lucan         Two helps on Caesar both that fort bestow  Commands the seas  the foes incursions stayed  And made a passage safe for Caesar s aid","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4971,"EventTxt":"In other parts of the town they fought so that neither of them had the upper hand  Neither side gave ground because of the narrowness of the places and only a few were killed on either side  After Caesar had taken the most important places  he fortified them by night  On that side of the town  there was a little part of the palace where they first brought him to live  A theatre which was joined to the house  was like a citadel and had a way to the harbour and the arsenal  He strengthened these fortifications daily so that they would be like a strong wall for him and so that he might not be forced to fight except when he wanted to   Caesar  Civil War","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4972,"EventTxt":"The Egyptians feared lest Caesar who won the battle at sea  would now seize the harbour of the city  They built a rampart to bar his entrance and only left a little space  Caesar blocked that space by sinking cargo ships filled with stones  This blocked all the enemy s ships in the harbour so they could not leave  By this he could get what he needed with less trouble  He was able to get water also  for Achillas  had taken all water from him  by cutting the conduits    Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4973,"EventTxt":"Caesar sent into all the neighbouring countries and called for help from there   Caesar  Civil War          He sent for the whole fleet from Rhodes  Syria and Cilicia  He ordered them to bring archers from Crete and cavalry from Malchus  the king of the Nabataeans  He ordered to be brought to him battering rams  grain and other supplies   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    He told Domitius Calvinus of his danger and desired him by all means to send supplies to him as soon as he possibly could  He wanted him to come to Alexandria through Syria   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    However  Mithridates of Pergamos was a man of great nobility in his country with knowledge and valour in the wars  He was held in great esteem  credit and friendship with Caesar  He was sent into Syria and Cilicia  to hurry on the supplies   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Josephus  Wars        c       Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4974,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile Ganymedes  an eunuch  stole away Arsinoe who was carelessly guarded  and carried her to the Egyptians  They made her queen and fought the war with new enthusiasm than before because they had gotten one of the family of the Ptolemy s as a commander   Dio         Lucan wrote thus   Lucan         Arsinoe from court escaped goes By Ganymedes  help to Caesar s foes  The crown  as Lagus  daughter  to obtain","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4975,"EventTxt":"Caesar wrote this near the end of the commentaries of the civil war  vv The young daughter of King Ptolemy  hoped after the vacant possession of the kingdom  escaped from the palace to Achillas and commanded in the war together with him  Immediately there was a dispute as to who would be the chief commander  The matter was aggravated by many bribes among the soldiers  Each strove to get the good will of the soldiers to the detriment of themselves","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4976,"EventTxt":"While these things were done among the enemies  Pothinus the king s governor and administrator of the kingdom for Caesar  sent messengers to Achillas  He told him that he should follow the business and not desist in the war  The messengers were approached and apprehended and Pothinus was put to death by Caesar   Caesar  Civil War          After this  Caesar kept the young king in strict custody and by this he more exasperated the minds of the Egyptians   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4977,"EventTxt":"While these things were happening in Egypt  Domitius Calvinus marched against Pharnaces with long and continual marches  He camped not far from Nicapolis   a city of Armenia the Less built by Pompey which Pharnaces had already seized to live in   About seven miles from there  Pharnaces had made ambushs for him which failed  The next day  Domitius moved closer and brought his camp even to the town  Pharnaces set his men in battle array after his own custom and fashion  The next night Pharnaces intercepted the messengers who brought the letters to Domitius concerning the Alexandrian affairs  By this  he knew of the danger of Caesar and the recalling of Domitius  He accounted it as good as a victory if he stalled for time  When Domitius should have been more concerned with the danger of Caesar than his own  he brought his soldiers from the camp and prepared the fight  He placed the  th legion in the right wing  the Pontic troops on the left and the legions of Dejotarus in the middle of the battle formation  When both armies were in battle array  they came to fight  The Pontic legion was almost wholly lost and most of Dejotarus  soldiers were killed  The  th legion retreated into the mountains and only lost about   men  In spite of this  Domitius rallied the remains of his scattered army and returned to Asia by safe journeys through Cappadocia since winter was now approaching   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandria   Appian  Civil War        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4978,"EventTxt":"Caesar and the Alexandrians fought hard against one another with fortifications and works  Caesar tried most of all to isolate that part of the city which a marsh had made the narrowest from the other part of the city  Using works and ramparts  he hoped that  first  the city would be divided into two parts  Then his army would be united under him again  Also  if they were in any danger  help could be brought to him from the other part of the city  Most importantly  he wanted the abundant fresh water supply from the marsh  The Alexandrians sent messengers into all parts of Egypt to enlist men  They brought into the town all sorts of engines and weapons that are described in detail by Hirtius   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4979,"EventTxt":"When Caesar saw the number of the enemy increasing  he began to take notice of an agreement between them  He ordered that Ptolemy be placed where he might be heard of the Egyptians  He was to tell them that he was not harmed in any way and that there was no need for this war  They should make peace and he would take care that the conditions were kept  However  the Egyptians suspected that he was made to do this on purpose by Caesar and still carried on their war   Dio          They said that Caesar must be quickly driven out  Caesar could not receive help by sea because of the storms and the season of the year   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4980,"EventTxt":"In the interim  the dissention increased between Achillas  the general of the old army  and Arsinoe  the younger daughter of Ptolemy  Auletes   Both were plotting and scheming against each other  While Achillas aimed at the taking the kingdom  Arsinoe thwarted him with the help of Ganymedes  the eunuch and her foster father  She took over it and put to death Achillas and pretended that he would have betrayed the fleet  After he was killed  she alone enjoyed the whole kingdom and Ganymedes was made the general of the army  When he had assumed that charge  he increased the soldiers  pay and acted in all things with similar care and discretion   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4981,"EventTxt":"Alexandria was riddled with underground channels and these connected to the Nile River  By these  water was brought into private houses  The water settled with time and became drinkable  Ganymedes blocked those channels and all the parts of the city where Caesar s forces were besieged  He pumped salt water into these channels so Caesar s forces did not have fresh water to drink and began to think of fleeing  This advice was not well received and Caesar ordered that wells should be dug in the night  A large quantity of fresh water was found and all the laborious work of the Alexandrians came to nought   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4982,"EventTxt":"Two days later  the  th legion composed of those soldiers of Pompey that surrendered themselves and were shipped by Domitius Calvinus  They came to the shores of Africa a little above Alexandria with supplies of grain  arms  weapons and engines  The other legion which was sent by him though Syria by land  had not yet arrived to Caesar  With the etesian winds continually blowing  these ships stood at anchor and could not get into the harbour  When Caesar knew of this  he sailed and ordered his fleet to follow him  He did not take any soldiers with him lest he should leave the forts short of men to defend them  When he came to a steep place called Chersonesus  he set some sailors ashore for fresh water  Some of them were intercepted who told the enemy that indeed Caesar was in the fleet and he had no soldiers in the ships  Therefore they rigged their whole navy and met with Caesar as he returned with the legion of Domitius  Although Caesar did not want to fight that day  a Rhodian ship which was placed in the right wing and far from the rest  was attacked by four covered ships of the enemy and some open ones  Caesar was forced to help them and got the victory  If night had not fallen and stopped the battle  Caesar would have defeated the whole fleet of the enemy   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4983,"EventTxt":"Although the Egyptians were defeated  yet they were again encouraged by Ganymedes  Although they had lost     long ships in the haven and arsenal  yet they started earnestly to repair their fleet  For that purpose  they gathered together all the ships from all the mouths of the Nile River and from the private arsenals that belonged to the king  In a few days  beyond the belief of all men  they made a fleet of   ships  They had galleys with four tiers of oars and five with five tiers plus many smaller and open ones  They furnished them with soldiers and outfitted them for battle   Dio         They opened the entrance of the harbour and placed their ships in the road and troubled the Romans very much   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4984,"EventTxt":"Caesar had nine Rhodian ships   for of the ten that were sent  one was lost in the voyage on the Egyptian shore  eight ships from Pontus  five Lycian and twelve from Asia  Of these five were with five tiers of oars and ten with four  The rest were cargo ships and many were open  With these  Caesar sailed about Pharos and took up a position opposite the enemy s ships  There were sandbars between the two fleets with a very narrow passage  They stayed in that position for a long time while they waited to see who would first cross the passage  The one who crossed first would easily be overcome by the whole enemy fleet before the rest could pass and come to the battle  The Rhodian ships asked that they might be the first to cross  By their singular skill  they withstood the whole fleet of the enemy and never turned their sides to them so that they made a safe passage for the rest to follow and to come to the battle   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4985,"EventTxt":"Caesar won the victory and did not lose a single ship  On the Alexandrian side  one galley with five tiers of oars was captured and one with two tiers of oars  All the soldiers and sailors on these were captured too  Three ships were sunk and the rest fled to the town of Pharos which was near them  The citizens defended these ships from the forts and buildings which were over them and kept Caesar from getting close  They were routed out of there immediately by the industry of the Romans and lost both the town and island and many of their men  The island was joined to the continent by a double bridge  one of which was abandoned by the enemy  The Romans easily captured it  On the other bridge  through the rashness of some  the Romans were attacked and routed  They fled to their ships  Some of them got to the next ships which were sunk by the number and weight of the men  Some fought and did not know what to do and were killed by the Alexandrians  Some Romans escaped to safety to the ships that were at anchor  A few swam to the next ships  Caesar retired into his own ship  When a large number that followed would have broken in on him  he guessed what would happen  He jumped from the ship and swam to those ships which were farther off  From there he sent boats to help those who were in danger and saved some of them  His own ship sank when it was overloaded with the number of soldiers and a number of troops drowned   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4986,"EventTxt":"It is not to be forgotten about Caesar what Hirtius did not mention but is remembered by Suetonius   Suetonius  in Julio  c      and by Orosius who follows him   Orosius        c       When he escaped by swimming to the next ship  he held up his left hand so that his commentaries should not get wet  This is also mentioned by Plutarch   Plutarch  in Caesar  and Dio   Dio         Appian   Appian  Civil War        p      related the story thus  Caesar was surrounded alone on the bridge by the enemy that pressed on him  He cast off his purple coat and leaped into the sea  The king s soldiers pursued him and he swam a long time under water and lifted his head only to get air  He swam to an only ship and by holding up his hands to them was recognised and saved  Although Suetonius wrote that he held his soldier s coat in his mouth and dragged it behind him so that the enemy should not get it  However Floras   Floras        c       along with Plutarch stated that he left it in the waves either by chance or on purpose so that the enemies who were pursuing him would shoot at it with their arrows and stones  When the Egyptians got the coat  they fixed it to a monument which they had erected for their putting the enemy to flight as if they had taken the general himself  Thus says Appian and Dio   Appian  Civil War        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4987,"EventTxt":"In this fight  about   soldiers from the legions and a few more of the soldiers who belonged to the fleet and sailors  were killed  In that place the Alexandrians built a citadel and strengthened it with forts and many engines of war  They took the stones from the sea  They made use of the place more freely for the base for sending out their ships   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4988,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile  Mithridates of Pergamos quickly gathered large forces from Syria and Cilicia through the extreme good will of the cities and his own diligence   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    When he first came alone to Askelon  he sent for Antipater  the governor of Judea  to come to him  He brought   soldiers with him and brought it to pass by his influence that Hyrcanus  the hight priest  and other governors joined their forces together  Strabo related this from Hypsicrates   an historian of the Phoenicians   Josephus  Wars        c      For Antipater had agreed with the princes of the Arabians that they also should come to his aid  By his means especially with great earnestness  Iamblicus  the governor  Ptolemy s son and Tholomy  the son of Sohemus  who lived at Mount Libanus and almost all the cities of Syria sent help for Caesar   Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4989,"EventTxt":"When the Alexandrians saw that the Romans were more zealous by the losses they recently had and that they were encouraged as well by losses as by success  they sent ambassadors to Caesar  They wanted him to let their king go free and come to them  For a large number were weary of the war and would do whatever the king wished them to do  Caesar thought that by the king s means  they may become Caesar s friends and they would stop fighting  Although Caesar knew that the fidelity both of the king and Alexandrians was suspect  he let him go  He knew by his coming that the enemy s strength would not be increased and the war against a king would be the more glorious  Caesar advised him to take care of his kingdom and to honour the fidelity that he owed to himself and the people of Rome  The king faked his joy by his tears and desired that he might not be let go  When Caesar sent him away  he eagerly pursued the war against Caesar   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4990,"EventTxt":"The Alexandrians found that their new general made them no stronger and the Romans were no weaker  Worse  the soldiers daily mocked the age and weakness of the king  They were much grieved and neither saw how they could help themselves  There were reports that there were large forces coming to Caesar by land from Syria and Cilicia  which yet Caesar heard nothing of   They determined to intercept the provisions which were brought to the Romans by sea  Therefore they rigged their ships and stationed them in convenient places about Canopus in the channel  They watched for ships bringing the provisions   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin   Since the soldiers that Caesar had sent for from Syria were now approaching  they guarded all the shores and did much harm to those forces  Those who were on the African side  brought some help to Caesar  At the mouths of the Nile River  the Egyptians made many fires as if they had been Romans  They took many by this deceit so that the rest dared not come there   Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4991,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Caesar commanded his fleet to be rigged  over which Tiberius Nero was the commander  In this fleet  the Rhodian ships included his flagship  the Euphranor  This ship was in every battle and was always victorious but was unlucky in this battle  When they came to Canopus  both fleets stood facing one another  The Euphranor  according to Nero s custom  started the battle and had sank one of the enemy s ships  She followed the chase of the next ship too far and his own side followed too slowly after him  He was surrounded by the Alexandrians and was all alone  He fought valiantly in this battle and died alone with his conquering ship  However  the enemies were defeated in this battle that Tiberius Nero had started so that his own side might safely sail to land   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Dio","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4992,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Mithridates from Pergamos came from Syria by land where Egypt joined Syria  He brought large forces to Pelusium   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin   He tried to go by the mouth of the Nile River which is at Pelusium up stream  The Egyptians had blocked by night the entrance with their ships which were carried into the channel  He transported his ships there   for it did not reach as far as to the sea  and he went into the Nile River with his ships  He suddenly attacked those who guarded the mouths of the Nile River simultaneously from sea and from the river  He took control of the mouths and attacked Pelusium with his fleet and land forces   Dio        This town was controlled by Achillas with a strong garrison because of its strategic position   All Egypt was thought sufficiently fortified from any access by sea to it by Pharos and by land to Pelusium   He suddenly surrounded it with large forces  The defenders stoutly defended it with a strong garrison of men but were overcome  The large number of the attackers was constantly maintained by Mithridates  He replaced any men that were wounded and weary and so by maintained a constant attack  He overcame it in the same day that he attacked it and then stationed a garrison of his own there   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Antipater acted valiantly for after he broke down a piece of the wall  he was the first to break in  allowing the rest to follow   Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4993,"EventTxt":"The Egyptian Jews who lived in that country called Onias  would not allow Mithridates and Antipater to march to Caesar  Antipater tried to win them over to his side since they were both fellow countrymen  He showed them the letters from Hyrcanus  the high priest  in which they were invited to be friends to Caesar and to provide him food and supplies for his army    Josephus  Antiq         c      However  Asinius  that is  Trallianus  a writer of the civil war  wrote that Hyrcanus himself  the high priest  invaded Egypt with Mithridates as Josephus related from Strabo   Josephus  Antiq         c      Also those words of Caesar about Hyrcanus seem to confirm this and were inscribed on a brazen table by him in favour of Hyrcanus   Josephus  Antiq         c      vv In the last Alexandrian war  he came to our aid with   soldiers and was sent by me to Mithridates  He surpassed all those in his company in valour","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4994,"EventTxt":"The Jews  the inhabitants of the country of Onias  willingly submitted through the authority of Antipater and Hyrcanus  When those who lived around Memphis heard this  they also sent for Mithridates to come to them  When he came  they also joined his side   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4995,"EventTxt":"King Ptolemy knew that Mithridates approached close to the place which is called Delta  because of its similarity to the Greek letter D  This was not far from Alexandria  Ptolemy knew that he must cross the Nile River  Therefore  he sent large forces against him so that he may either defeat him or prevent him from joining Caesar  Those forces which first crossed over the river at the delta  met with Mithridates and began the fight  They hurried to prevent those who followed lest they should share in the victory  Mithridates withstood their attack with great prudence  He entrenched his camp after the Roman custom  When he saw the attackers carelessly and proudly coming up even to his fortifications  he made a general sally and killed a large number of them  The rout was so complete that they all would have been killed unless the rest had hid themselves in secret places or retired to the boats they used to cross the river  After they were a little recovered from their fear  they joined with those who followed and began a fresh attack on Mithridates   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4996,"EventTxt":"This battle was fought near the place that is called the Camp of Judah  Mithridates commanded the right wing and Antipater the left wing  Mithridates  wing began to waver and likely would have been routed  unless Antipater quickly marched along the riverside with his forces  They had already defeated his enemies and came to Mithridates  rescue  They forced the Egyptians to flee who were defeating Mithridates  They so hotly pursued after those who fled that Antipater took over the enemies  camp  He shared the plunder with Mithridates and pursued the enemy and he had left Mithridates far behind him  Mithridates lost   of his men and Antipater only    or     Josephus  Wars        c       When Mithridates told Caesar of these things he stated plainly that Antipater was the cause of the victory and their preservation   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-48,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4666,"Dating":"3957a AM, 4666 JP, 48 BC"}
{"Index":4997,"EventTxt":"Almost at the same time also King Ptolemy marched out to surprise Mithridates and Caesar came to rescue him  The king took the quickest route by the Nile River where he had a large fleet already rigged  Caesar did not take the same route lest he would be forced to fight with his fleet   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Therefore he sailed by night as though he hurried to one of the mouths of the Nile  He carried many lights on all his ships so that the Egyptians would think he was sailing in that direction  At first went out with his fleet but later he put out his lights and sailed back again  He sailed around the city and he arrived at a peninsula that joined to Africa and landed his soldiers  They marched around the marsh  Dio         and met with the king s forces before they could attack Mithridates  He defeated them and was received safely with his army   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":4998,"EventTxt":"The king with his army took up the higher ground in a place that was naturally well fortified  Caesar was about seven miles from him and there was a river between them  In crossing the river  he would have to fight with the Alexandrians  He crossed it and killed a large number of the Alexandrians that tried to hinder his crossing  Caesar camped a short distance from the king s camp and had joined it to his camp by the outer works  His soldiers pursued the Alexandrians that fled from there even to their camp and came up to their fortifications  They began to fight bravely at a distance but they were wounded with arrows from various places  Those who were behind them fought from the river in which were many ships that were well manned with slingers and archers   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":4999,"EventTxt":"When Caesar perceived that his men could not fight more bravely  and yet could not prevail because of the difficulty of the places  he saw that the highest place of the camp was deserted by the Alexandrians because it was naturally well fortified  They had come down into the place where the battle was  partly to see and partly to fight  Therefore he commanded his cohorts go around the camp and to capture that highest ground  He put Casulenus in command of this for he was an excellent man both in valour and knowledge of military affairs  As soon as they arrived there  only a few were left to defend the camp  Caesar s soldiers fought bravely and the Alexandrians were frightened with the shouting and fighting of their adversaries and began a general rout  The Romans were so encouraged by their disorder that they captured almost on all sides  the whole camp  However  they first took the highest place of the camp  These ran down and killed a huge number in the camp  To escape this danger  the Alexandrians fled and by heaps cast themselves over the rampart on that side that faced the river  The other side was being overwhelmed with the great violence of the battle so that the rest had the easier escape   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5000,"EventTxt":"It is certain that the king fled from the camp and that he was received into a ship and that he died there when the overloaded ship sank because of the large number who swam to the ships that were nearest   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Livy          Dio          Orosius        c       His body wallowed in the mud and rolled to the bank of the Nile  It was identified by the golden breastplate which he wore  such as the Ptolemy s used to wear  as Julius Capitolinus confirms in Maximinius the Younger   Floras        c       Eutropius          Orosius        c      After the death of his father  Auleres  he lived   years and   months  Thereupon Porphyry attributed four years to his reign   Scaliger  in Grac  Eusebius  p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5001,"EventTxt":"In this battle     men were killed and     surrendered  Seventy long ships were captured  Caesar lost   men   Orosius        c      In this battle  Antipater was also wounded  Caesar used him in valiant service in his most dangerous adventures    Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5002,"EventTxt":"In confidence by this great victory  Caesar marched the next day by land to Alexandria with his cavalry  He entered that part of the town as conqueror which was held by a garrison of the enemies  However  all the townsmen cast away their arms and left the forts  They put on the clothes they usually wore when they wanted to supplicate their governors  They brought out all their sacred things of their religion with which they were accustomed to appease the offended and enraged minds of their kings  They came and met Caesar and submitted to him  Caesar took them into his protection and comforted them  He came through the enemy s fortifications to his own part of the town with great shouting of his own soldiers  They not only rejoiced that the battle was successful but also that his arrival was so joyful   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5003,"EventTxt":"In the marble calender records   Inscript  Crater  p     on the date of the  th of April  it is thus noted  HOC DIE CAESAR ALXAND  RECEPIT  This day Caesar recovered Alexandria  Since the year was then reckoned at Rome that day was on the  th of the Julian January  Hence the was Alexandrian war over  Caesar fought this war in an unfavourable place at a poor time to fight since it was in the winter    Suetonius  in Julio  c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5004,"EventTxt":"After Caesar had conquered Egypt  he did not subject it to the dominion of the Romans but gave it to Cleopatra for whose sake he had carried on the war  He feared lest the Egyptians would not like being under a queen and by this he would stir up the Romans against him for doing this and for being too familiar with Cleopatra  Therefore  he ordered that she should marry her brother who was still alive and that they should hold the kingdom in common between them  This he did only for appearances  sake  For indeed the whole kingdom was committed to Cleopatra  for her husband was only a child of age eleven   Thereupon  Strabo said he was a very youth   Strabo        p       However  she could do anything with Caesar  Therefore under the pretence of marriage with her brother and of sharing the kingdom equally with her husband  she alone ruled over all  She was too familiar with Caesar also  These things Dio has related more honestly   Dio         Hirtius stated them more mildly in favour of Caesar  thus   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin   vv After Caesar had conquered Egypt  he made those kings whom Ptolemy had appointed in his will and earnestly asked the people of Rome that they would not alter it  Since the king  the older of the two sons was dead  he turned over the kingdom to the younger son and to Cleopatra  the older of two daughters  She remained under his protection and quarters","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5005,"EventTxt":"Suetonius stated   Suetonius  in Julio  c      vv After Caesar had the victory  he granted the kingdom of Egypt to Cleopatra and her younger brother  He feared to make it a province lest at some time or another  they had a rebellious leader who might start a new rebellion","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5006,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra and Caesar feasted many times and sat up until break of day  He sailed with her on the Nile River with   ships  He was in the same galley with her that was called Thalamegos  He crossed Egypt as far as Ethiopia but his army refused to follow him any farther   Suetonius  in Julio  c       Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5007,"EventTxt":"At Alexandria  Caesar erected a brazen pillar which contained the liberties that he had granted to the Jews   Josephus  Antiq         c      contra Appion        p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5008,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces had become famous because of his successes  He hoped all things would happen to Caesar as he wished they would  He seized on Pontus with all his forces and conquered it  He was a most cruel king  Since he thought he should have better fortune than his father had  he conquered many towns and plundered the goods of the citizens of Rome and of Pontus  He decreed punishments for those that were commendable for either beauty or age that were worse than death itself  He got Pontus when there was no one to defend it and bragged that he had recovered his father s kingdom   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5009,"EventTxt":"He mainly displayed his cruelty on Amisus  a city of Pontus  After it had resisted a long time  he won it by storm and put to death all the men that were of age and gelded all that were under age   Appian  Civil War        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957b AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5010,"EventTxt":"Asander  to whom Pharnaces had committed the government of Bosphorus  tried to curry favour with the Romans and hoped to get the kingdom of Bosphorus for himself  He made an insurrection against his master   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5011,"EventTxt":"Caesar sent letters from Egypt to M  Cicero that he should stay where he was and that he should retain the name of imperator  for the victory that he had won in Cilicia   Pansa carried these letters to him  Cicero returned his fasces adorned with laurel  for him to keep as long as he thought himself fit   Cicero  pro Ligario  For after he left the province of Cilicia  he had not as yet entered Rome but was accompanied by his lictors everywhere with him  hoping in vain for a triumph   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Caesar s letters were delivered to Cicero the day before the ides of August  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist  ult    or the last day of the Julian May","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5012,"EventTxt":"After Pharnaces had captured Bithynia and Cappadocia  he planned to take Armenia the Less  He incited all the kings and tetrarchs of that country to rebel   Plutarch  in Caesar  He also marched into Asia in hope of the same success that his father Mithridates had there   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5013,"EventTxt":"Appian stated that Caesar spent nine months in Egypt   Appian  Civil War        p       and Cleopatra had either kept him there longer or accompanied him on his voyage to Rome  Pharnaces forced him to leave Egypt against his will and hindered his speedy march into Italy   Dio          A short time later  Cleopatra gave birth to a son by him whom the Alexandrians called Caesarion   Plutarch  in Caesar  That name was given to the son by the mother by the permission of Caesar himself   Suetonius  in Julio   c      Plutarch  Plutarch  in Antony  seems to intimate that after Caesar s death  she  had too much familiarity with his enemy Cneus Pompey  the oldest son of Pompey the Great","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5014,"EventTxt":"Caesar brought from the kingdom  Arsinoe  the younger sister of Cleopatra  in the name of whom Ganimedes had a long time most tyrannically reigned  He wanted to prevent a future rebellion that might arise through seditious men  He wanted to keep her away until time had confirmed the authority of the king  He took his  th veteran legion and he left three other legions there so that the king s authority might be confirmed  He could not keep the affections of his own subjects because both the king and the queen had constantly persevered in Caesar s friendship  Neither could they claim any basis for their authority since they were new to the throne   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Suetonius  c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5015,"EventTxt":"After Caesar had finished and settled all things  he marched by land into Syria   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Suetonius  c       Plutarch  in Julius Caesar   Appian  Civil War        p       Orosius        c      Josephus wrote that he sailed to Syria  Josephus  Antiq        c      and Hirtius later confirmed this","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5016,"EventTxt":"The news of Caesar s departure from Alexandria  came to Italy on July  th   Julian April  rd   Cicero  ad Attic          epist       C  Trebonius left Caesar at Antioch who went from Seleucia Pieria  In a   day journey  the  th day before September   Julian June  rd  he came into Italy   Cicero  ad Attic        epist       From this it is deduced that Caesar was at Antioch  days before August   Julian May  th","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5017,"EventTxt":"Johannes Malela Autiochenus  in the ninth book of his Chronicle   an unpublished manuscript  noted that on the twelfth day of the month  Artemisiusm  or May  there was an edict publicly proposed in the city of Antioch  concerning the empire of Julius Caesar  On the  th of the same month  another edict was sent out from Julius Caesar concerning the liberty of the same city  It said  En Anpoceia tw mwtropldA iera kz aoulw kz autonomwA kz pbokazhmzuh t atarolhsA iouliosgaios Kaioar  c Julius Caesar to the metropolis of Antioch  the holy and privileged asylum and refuge against the vigour of the law  Finally on the  rd day  Caesar the dictator entered Antioch  However  that he was in Antioch on the  th day  that edict clearly shows  It should be said that he rather left from the city on the  rd day  the night he came there","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5018,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  the son of Aristobulus  came to Caesar to complain to him about his father s misfortune  For  by siding with Caesar he was poisoned by Pompey s side  His brother was beheaded by Scipio  Antigonus wanted Caesar to have pity on him since he was expelled from his father s kingdom  He likewise accused Hyrcanus and Antipater that they by force had taken over the government  They did not hold back from wronging him  He also accused them that they sent help into Egypt to Caesar not so much for good will but for fear of the ancient animosity and that they might be freed from punishment for their loyalty to Pompey  However  Antipater pleaded his own cause and justified himself and accused Antigonus  He recalled what work he had taken for Caesar in the last wars  He showed the number of his wounds and made them the witness of the truth of his words  When Caesar heard this  he made Hyrcanus the high priest and offered Antipater any government he asked and made him governor of Judea   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5019,"EventTxt":"Caesar also decreed that Hyrcanus and his children should in perpetuity retain the government and high priesthood of the Jews  according to the custom of the country and he was taken into the number of his friends and allies  If there arose any controversy concerning the discipline of the Jews  Hyrcanus should decide it  Moreover  he would not be forced to quarter soldiers in winter nor would he pay taxes  A brazen table containing these things was to be erected in the capital and in the temples at Tyre  Sidon and Askelon  It was engraved in Latin and Greek  These decrees were to be sent into all places   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5020,"EventTxt":"After Caesar had stayed in almost all the cities of Syria that were of any note  he distributed both publicly and privately rewards to them that deserved them  He was made aware of and settled old controversies  Also kings and tyrants  governors of the provinces and borders   who all came to him  he took under his protection on conditions he imposed on them for the keeping and defending of the provinces  He dismissed his friends and the friends of the people of Rome   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5021,"EventTxt":"Caesar took away at Tyre all the things that were dedicated to Hercules  because they had entertained Pompey and his wife in their flight   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5022,"EventTxt":"After some days had been spent in the province of Syria  he gave the command of the legions and Syria to Sextus Caesar  his friend and relative   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin   Dio wrote that he committed all things to the charge of Sextus  his treasurer and cousin   Dio          Appian stated that there was a legion left in Syria by him even when he was thinking of the Parthian war  The honour of governor was granted to his relative  Sextus Julius who was a young man   Appian  Civil War        p            p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5023,"EventTxt":"After Caesar had ordered the affairs in Syria  he went to Cilicia in the same fleet that he came in   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin    Josephus  Antiq        c      He called all the cities of which province to him to Tarsus  There he ordered all things concerning the province and the neighbouring cities  He did not stay there long because he wanted to settle the war in Pontus   Hirtius  de bell  Alexandrin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5024,"EventTxt":"Here he pardoned Tarcondimotus  of whom mention is made formerly   Cicero  Letters to his Friends           who had a part of Cilicia under him and had greatly helped Pompey by sea   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5025,"EventTxt":"After Antipater had followed Caesar from Syria  he returned into Judea  As he was making his rounds through the province  he repressed by threats and advice those who were rebellious  He told them that if they would be content with their prince Hyrcanus  they would live happily in their own land  If they thought they could do better by rebelling  they would have him as master instead of a governor and Hyrcanus a tyrant instead of a king and Caesar and the Romans would be most bitter enemies instead of princes  Because of this they would not at all allow anything to be changed from what they had settled  When as Antipater knew that Hyrcanus was dull and idle  he settled the state of the province as he pleased and truly made Phasaclus  his older son  the governor of Jerusalem and the neighbouring countries  He gave the care of Galilee to Herod who was his second oldest son and a very young man   Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5026,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated that Herod was only   years old at that time   Josephus  Antiq        c      The following references retain the same number   Rusinus in his translation of Josephus   Photius  Bibliotheca  cod       Pseudogoronides the Hebrew        c       Nicephorus Calistus  Ecclesiast  Histor        c      However  the first historians  Ptolemy and Nicholas Damascenus  who wrote of Herod  from whom Josephus took his information  wrote   instead of    It is an easy mistake for the transcribers to confuse kefor ie  It was   and an half years from this time to the death of Herod  If we add   years to this we get his age at death of   and an half years  If he had lived six months longer  he would have been in his  th year  Josephus himself acknowledges  that when he was dying that he was almost in his  th year","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5027,"EventTxt":"Phasaclus had a son born whom was called also Phasaclus by his wife Salampsio  the daughter of Herod and Mariame   Josephus  Antiq         c      He was only   years old when his father died   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5028,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces planned an expedition against Asander who had revolted from him in the Bosphorus  When he heard that Caesar was coming quickly into Armenia  he was terrified and more afraid of Caesar who led the invasion than of his army  He sent many ambassadors to treat for peace before Caesar marched too close to him  He hoped that by any means  he might avoid this immediate danger  He made this his main pretence that he had never helped Pompey  He also hoped that he might induce Caesar to some peace terms because he was hurrying into Italy and Africa  Then after his departure  he might renew his planned war  Caesar suspected as much and courteously entertained his first and second ambassadors so that he might take him by surprise while he was still hoping for peace   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5029,"EventTxt":"Caesar made long marches through Cappadocia and stayed two days at Mazace  Then he came to Comana  the most ancient temple of Bellona  goddess of war  in Cappadocia  She was worshipped with such great devotion that her priest was considered by the whole country second only to the king in majesty  command and power   Strabo        p      Caesar decreed this priesthood on Nicomedes of Bithynia who was a most noble man and of the family of the Cappadocian kings  He recovered the right that was undoubtedly his  although it was long interrupted   Hirtius  Although Caesar confirmed the commands which they had received from Pompey to others who had taken part with Pompey against him  he transferred the priesthood of the Comanians from Archelaus to Nicomedes   Appian  in Mithridaticus  p      Pompey had given it to his father Archelaus  the husband of Cleopatra s elder sister  who was killed in Egypt by Gabinius   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5030,"EventTxt":"When Caesar came close to Pontus and the borders of Galatia  Dejotarus the tetrarch of Galatia came to Caesar  He claimed the state of Armenia the Less which the senate had granted to him but was disputed by the rest of the tetrarchs who said it never belonged to him by law or custom  Dejotarus set aside his royal robes and dressed like a common man who was guilty  He fell prostrate at Caesar s feet and begged his pardon in that he had served in Cn  Pompey s army  He made the excuse that he did not know what was happening in Italy and that he was forced to do this because he was surrounded by Pompey s armies  Caesar rejected his excuse but he said he would grant him his request for his former benefit  for his old acquaintance and friendship s sake  for the dignity and age of the man and at the intreaty of many of Dejotarus  friends and acquaintances who came to intercede on his behalf  Caesar said that he would later decide the controversies of the tetrarchs and he restored his royal robes to him  However  he ordered the Dejotarus  legion brought to him  Dejotarus had formed it from his own men who were trained up in the Roman discipline  Caesar also wanted all his cavalry to be brought to him to serve him in the Pontic war   Appian  in Mithridaticus  p      Caesar fined his old acquaintance Dejotarus a sum of money and gave Armenia the Less  that was given to Dejotarus by the senate and currently occupied by Pharnaces  to Ariobarzanes  the king of Cappadocia   Cicero  in Orat  Philippic     de divination               Dio               Cicero made a speech for that king that Domitius paid his fine by two or three times selling his own private goods at a public sale  Caesar could then use the money in the war  Also to gain Caesar s favour  he told Caesar this about the matter  vv What he keeps by your means  he keeps in memory  not what he lost  Neither does he think that he was punished by you but since he thought that many things were to be given by you to many men  he did not refuse but that you might take some from him who was on the other side   c  Oh Caesar  you have given all things to Dejotarus since you have granted the name of king even to his son  As long as he retains and keeps this name  he thinks that no favour of the people of Rome nor any sentence of the senate made in his favour  is diminished","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5032,"EventTxt":"When Caesar was come into Pontus  he made a rendezvous of all his forces into one place  They were varied in number and in martial discipline except the  th legion which was a veteran legion that he had brought with him from Alexandria   However  through the labours and hazards they had undergone  they were so undermanned because of difficulties both by sea and land and partly by frequent skirmishes that they were under a thousand men   The rest were three legions  one was from Dejotarus and two were in the battle that Cnidius Domitius had with Pharnaces   Hirtius","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5033,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces was frightened by the approach of Caesar and sent ambassadors to treat for peace  They brought a golden crown to him when he was   miles away and very foolishly offered him their king s daughter in marriage   Appian  Civil War        p      First of all  they begged that he would not come as an enemy for Pharnaces would do whatever he would order him to  They especially reminded him that Pharnaces had sent no forces to Pompey against Caesar whereas Dejotarus who had sent some troops  was received into Caesar s favour  Caesar replied that he would be very favourable to Pharnaces if he would do all things as he promised  However  he advised the ambassadors in mild terms as was his custom that they should neither object about Dejotarus to him or too much brag of that favour that they had not sent help to Pompey   Hirtius  He also accused Pharnaces for this very thing that he had been wicked and ungrateful toward his benefactor   Dio            In summing up  he ordered him to get out of Pontus and that he should send back the families of the publicans  He should restore to him the allies and citizens of Rome who were in his possession  If he would do this  Caesar said that he would then accept those presents which the generals were accustomed to receive from their friends after a war was happily ended   Hirtius","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5034,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces liberally promised all things and he hoped that Caesar would want to hurry to Rome and that he would more willingly believe his promises  He began to go more slowly about his business and to ask for more time for his departure and to interpose new conditions and in short to disappoint Caesar  Caesar knew his craft and hurried his business so much the more so that he would come to fight with him sooner than anyone would think   Hirtius","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5035,"EventTxt":"As soon as Caesar came to Pharnaces  camp  he said  Shall not now this parricide  murderer of parents  be punished  He mounted his horse and at the first shout that was given  he routed the enemy and made a great slaughter  Caesar was helped by   cavalry that followed him when he first rushed into the battle   Appian  Civil War        p        Dio        The same day that Caesar came to the enemy after his march  he went to fight with the enemy  He was sometimes troubled with the enemy s cavalry and their chariots armed with scythes  Caesar finally obtained the victory  Julius Frontinus  Julius Frontinus  Stratagemat        c      noted that Caesar marshalled his army on an hill and this made for an easier victory  The arrows that were shot from above on the barbarians below  made them quickly flee  Dejotarus was in the battle with Caesar against Pharnaces and risked his life   Cicero  pro Dejotarus","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5036,"EventTxt":"This battle was fought around the mountain Scotium which is not more than three miles from the city of Zela  It was near here that Mithridates  the father of Pharnaces  defeated Triarius and the Roman army with a great slaughter   Hirtius   Plutarch  in Caesar   Appian  in Mithridatic  p      Dio         In this mountain  Pharnaces  that we many represent the story of this fight more accurately from Hirtius  had repaired the old works of his father s camp five miles from the enemy so that he might control the valleys that were next to the king s camp  The next night in the fourth watch  Caesar left his camp with all his legions but without any baggage and captured that very place where Mithridates had fought against Triarius","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5037,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day and Pharnaces knew this  he drew out all his forces before his camp  They were encouraged either by the good fortune Mithridates had in that place or were persuaded by tokens and ceremonies  which we later heard he did obey  stated Hirtius  or through contempt of the fewness of the Roman forces  Many of these had already been defeated under Domitius  Pharnaces  of his own accord in an uneven place attacked the Romans as they were fortifying their camp and terrified them  They were suddenly called from their work and not set in battle array  The king s chariots that were armed with scythes created chaos among the soldiers  However  the chariots were quickly overcome by a huge number of arrows  The main body of the enemy followed these chariots and fought hand to hand  They were overcome first in the right wing where the  th old veteran legion was placed  Then the left wing and the main body were the whole forces of the king were routed  Many of the soldiers were either killed or trampled by their own men  Those who thought to escape by their swiftness  threw away their arms and crossed the valley  They were met by the Romans coming from the higher ground and perished  The Romans were encouraged by this victory and did not hesitate to climb up that steep place and attacked their works and quickly captured the enemy s camp from those cohorts whom Pharnaces had left to defend it   Idem","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5038,"EventTxt":"By this  Caesar ground into the dust Pharnaces in one  and as I may say  not a whole battle like lightning which in one moment  came  hit and departed  Neither was it a vain boast of Caesar s that he had overcome the enemy before he set eyes on him   Floras        c      Caesar bragged also that the same day he came to the enemy that he saw him and overcame him   Dio          He wrote in his letters sent to Rome to his friend Aminitius or Anitius  these three words  VENI  VIDI  VICI  I came  I saw  I conquered   Plutarch  in Caesar    Appian  Civil War        p       Within five days after his arrival and within four hours after he came in sight of him  he had vanquished Pharnaces in only one battle   Suetonius  Julio  Caesar   c      He often recounted the good luck of Pompey  who happened to get his most honour in the Mithridatic war over so cowardly a kind of enemy   Plutarch  in Caesar   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5039,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces fled with a few cavalry after the whole multitude of his army was either killed or captured  When the Romans invaded his camp  it gave him an opportunity to escape  Otherwise he would have been brought alive into Caesar s hands   Hirtius  He fled to Sinope with   cavalry   Appian  Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5040,"EventTxt":"Caesar was overjoyed that he had ended so major a war in so short a time  In recalling the sudden danger  he was the more joyous because the victory came so easily after many difficulties   Hirtius  Caesar gave the soldiers  all the king s baggage and the spoils even though they were considerable   Appian  Mithridatic  p       Dio        In that place  Mithridates had set up a monument for the victory he had over Triarius  Since it was consecrated to the gods  it was not lawful for Caesar to pull it down  He set up one opposite it for his victory over Pharnaces and so obscured it and in a way threw down that monument which Mithridates had set up  After this  he recovered all the things that Pharnaces had taken from the Romans or their allies  He restored to everyone the things they had lost except a part of Armenia which he gave to Ariobarzanes and requited the calamity that the Amiseni endured by giving them their liberty   Dio        He ordered the sixth legion to go to Italy to receive the rewards and honours due to them  He sent home the supplies that Dejotaras had brought  He left the two other legions in Pontus with Coelius Vinicianus  He passed through Galatia and Bithynia into Asia  He took notice and settled all the controversies of all those provinces and gave laws to tetrarchs  kings and cities   Hirtius","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5041,"EventTxt":"As he passed through Asia  he collected the money which raised great anger against the publicans who secretly exacted it among all the people   Appian  Civil War        p       P  Servilius Isauricus the colleague of Caesar and Cicero in the Augurship  was proconsul there   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5042,"EventTxt":"Brithagoras was a man of great authority among the Heracleenses in Pontus and had followed Caesar wherever he went  He even went to this place again for a matter that concerned his countrymen  When Caesar was preparing to return to Rome  Brithagoras died being worn out with old age and continual labours to the great sorrow of his countrymen   Memnon  in excerptis Photii   c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5043,"EventTxt":"Caesar made Mithridates Pergamenus  the king of Bosphorus   who had carried on the war in Egypt to a good conclusion and very quickly   He was of the family of the kings and had a royal education  Mithridates  the king of all Asia  had taken him away from Pergamos when he was only a child and carried him into his camp and kept him for many years  By Caesar s action  he so strengthened the provinces of the people of Rome against the barbarians and enemy kings by putting in a king over them that was most friendly to them   Hirtius  Concerning this man see  Strabo        p       Causabon s notes   Appian  in Mithridatic  p","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5044,"EventTxt":"He ordered Mithridates to make war upon Asander and become the master of Bosphorus so that he might revenge Asander s treachery against his friend   Dio         Caesar also granted him the tetrarchy of the Trochmans  in Galatia  who bordered on Pontus and Cappadocia  This belonged to him by his mother s right but was seized and in the possession for some years previously by Dejotarus   Cicero  in Philip      de divinat       Hirtius  de bell  Alexand    Strabo        p            p       Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5045,"EventTxt":"After this  Caesar sailed into Greece and Italy  He raised large sums of money under any pretence whatever as he had done previously  He exacted some money that had previously been promised to Pompey  He feigned other excuses to raise money also  He also received from the princes and kings  many golden crowns  as it were in honour of the victories he had achieved  He declared that there were two things by which empires were obtained  retained and increased  soldiers and money  One helped the other and that if one of them failed the other must also fail   Dio        vv It does not seem that he was at Athens on the first of September   Julian June  th  for many things were reported to detain him in Asia  especially Pharnaces   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      However  Pharnaces was so suddenly conquered   as it is in the epitome of  Livy          and all things so quickly settled  that he came to Italy sooner than anyone imagined","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5046,"EventTxt":"as Hirtius observes   Hirtius  Alexandrian war  fin","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5047,"EventTxt":"Caesar came to Rome just at the end of the year when he was made dictator   This office had never been an annual office   He was declared consul for the next year   Plutarch  in Caesar","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5048,"EventTxt":"Pharnaces turned over Synope to Domitius Calvinus who was left by Caesar to continue the war against him  He accepted the peace terms and dismissed him with his   cavalry  Calvinus killed their horses which grieved their owners  From their Pharnaces sailed  Appian  in Mithridatic  p      and fled into Pontus  Appian  Appian  Civil War        p      stated that Pharnaces fled back into the kingdom of Bosphorus that was given to him by Pompey","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5049,"EventTxt":"Herod  the prefect of Galilee  captured Hezekiah  a Jew  with many accomplices of his thievery  who were accustomed to invade Syria with his bands  Herod put him to death and this gained him much favour with the Syrians  Then he governed the province of Syria    Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5050,"EventTxt":"Phasaelus  was jealous of his brother s glory  and got himself into the favour of the inhabitants of Jerusalem by doing all public business personally and not abusing his power to harm anyone  By this  it came to pass that Antipater  his father  was reverenced by the whole country as if he had been the king  However his fidelity and goodwill which he owed to Hyrcanus  was maintained   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3957,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3957c AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5051,"EventTxt":"Caesar undertook an expedition against P  Scipio  the father in law of Pompey the Great  M  Cato  and Juba  the king of Mauritania  On the  th day before January  he came to Lilybaeum  From there  on the  th day before January  he sailed and after four days came within sight of Africa   Hirtius  de Bell  African         The  th day before January was on the Julian September  th  This was the year before the institution of the new calendar  as the counting backwards from the long following year of   days made in the month of January  the first Julian year   as will be shown later  Plutarch and Dio did not note this fact  Plutarch stated that Caesar crossed into Sicilia about the winter solstice   Plutarch  in Caesar  and Dio said that he went into Africa in the middle of winter   Dio          However  that he went into Africa before winter was clearly affirmed by Cicero   Cicero  de divination          vv When Caesar was advised that he should not go into Africa before winter  did he not go  No  if he had not gone  all the forces of his adversaries would have made their rendezvous in one place","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5052,"EventTxt":"On the first of January   Julian October  th  Caesar camped at a town called Ruspina  On January  th   Julian October  th  the third day that he landed in Africa  there was a most fierce battle which lasted from five o clock in the morning until sunset  Caesar defeated Labienus and Petreius  On the  th day before February   Julian November  th  he again defeated the enemy s army under the command of Labienus and Scipio   Hirtius  de Bell  African","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5053,"EventTxt":"Dio  Dio         noted that Pharnaces tried by force to enter into Bosphorus and was cast into prison and put to death by Asander  Appian gives more details    Appian  Mithridatics  p       Thus Pharnaces had gathered together a band of Scythians and Sarmatians and captured Theudocia and Panticapeum  When he made war on Asander  his cavalry men who had no horses and were not used to fighting on foot  were defeated  Pharnaces fought valiantly even though he was now   years old  He was wounded and killed  He had reigned fifteen years in Bosphorus  as Appian has it  or rather seventeen years  That time is the time from the murder of his father Mithridates","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5054,"EventTxt":"Caecilius Bassus was an equestrian who fled from the battle of Pharsalus after Pompey was defeated  He lived as a private citizen at Tyre  where some of his own side came to him  He won the favour of these men and the soldiers of Sextus  the governor of Syria  These came at various times to guard the city  Since there was much news brought of Caesar s ill fortune in Africa  he became discontent and tried to instigate a revolt  Sextus arrested him for this before he was completely ready  Bassus excused himself by saying that he only raised forces to help Mithridates Pergamenus to capture Bosphorus  So Sextus believed him and let him go   Dio","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5055,"EventTxt":"The noble men of the Jews began to detest Antipater and his sons because they were so highly honoured by the Jewish nation and became rich by the money from Hyrcanus and by the revenues from Judea  Antipater made friendship with the Roman generals and by persuaded Hyrcanus to send money to them  He got the credit for this gift as if he had sent it from his own treasury and had not received it from Hyrcanus  When Hyrcanus heard about this  he was not angry but rather contented  However the violence and bold nature of Herod  who was desirous of the government  terrified the princes of the Jews the most  For this reason  they went to Hyrcanus and publicly accused Antipater  They complained most of all of Herod because he had put to death Hezekiah along with many others without any order received from Hyrcanus  This was in contempt of the laws by which no man was punished no matter how wicked unless he was first condemned by the judges  Everyday the mothers also of those who were killed  did not stop complaining and crying in the temple and persuaded both the king and the people that Herod should give an account of his actions before the Sanhedrim  Therefore Hyrcanus yielded to their requests and ordered that Herod be summoned before the council and to plead his own case   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5056,"EventTxt":"When Herod had arranged the affairs of Galilee as he thought best for himself  he was warned by his father that he should not go into the counsel alone  He should take with him a moderate but sufficient guard  lest he should terrify Hyrcanus if he brought too many  Neither should he leave himself exposed to any danger from the judgment  When Herod presented himself before the Sanhedrim in his royal robes with his guard in arms  they were all astonished  Neither dared anyone who accused him when he was absent  speak a word against him when he was present  All kept silence not knowing what to do  Then Sameas spoke who was one of the council  He was a just man and for this reason not afraid for that old proverb of the Hebrews showed that he was no hot spirited man  vv Be thou humble as Hillel  and not  dpq angry as Sameas","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5057,"EventTxt":"He accused Herod of presumption and violence but laid the blame on the judges and the king himself  who had granted him such great liberty  He said later that by the just judgment of God  they would be punished by Herod himself  This actually happened for the judges of that council and Hyrcanus were put to death by Herod when he was king  When Hyrcanus saw that the judges were inclined to condemn Herod  he deferred the business until the next day  He privately advised him to take care of himself  So Herod left for Damascus as though he fled from the king  He presented himself before Sextus Caesar  After he had secured his own affairs  Herod professed publicly that if he were again cited before the judges  he would not appear  The judges took this with great disdain and tried to persuade Hyrcanus that all these things would be his downfall   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-47,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4667,"Dating":"3958a AM, 4667 JP, 47 BC"}
{"Index":5058,"EventTxt":"When Caesar was in Africa      days before April  Julian October  st  he mustered his army  The next day he brought out all his forces and set them in battle array  After he had waited long enough for his enemies to come to battle  he knew they were not willing to fight  so he brought his forces into their camp again   Hirtius  de bell  Afric","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5059,"EventTxt":"Caecilius Bassus stated from the letters that he forged that he had received news from Scipio that Caesar was defeated and dead in Africa and that the government of Syria was committed to his charge  Therefore with those soldiers he had secured for that purpose  he seized Tyre and from there marched toward Sextus  forces  He was wounded and defeated and after that did not try to take Sextus by force   Dio","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5060,"EventTxt":"On the  th of April   Julian February  th  in the third watch of the night  Caesar left the town Agar and marched   miles that night  He began to fortify Thapsus that day  Here he had a famous battle and defeated Juba and Scipio  After this battle  Cato committed suicide in Utica   Hirtius  de bell  Afric","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5061,"EventTxt":"When Sextus Caesar had been bribed by Herod  he made him the governor of Coelosyria  Herod was quite upset that he was called before the council and led an army against Hyrcanus  However  by the meeting and intreaties of his father Antipater and brother Phasaelus  he was prevented from invading Jerusalem  They tried to appease him and desired that he should be content with giving them a good fright and do them no harm  He should do no more and obey his father who had given him his power and government  Herod obeyed this advice and thought that he had done sufficient for his future plans and that he had shown the country he was a force to be reckoned with   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5062,"EventTxt":"In Africa  Caesar is reported to have seen in his sleep  a great army calling to him and weeping  He was so moved by this dream that he immediately recorded it into his books of remembrances concerning the building of Carthage and Corinth   Appian  in Lybicus  p","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5063,"EventTxt":"Hyrcanus  through his ambassadors  desired that Julius Caesar would confirm the alliance and friendship that was between them   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5064,"EventTxt":"Caecilius Bassus sent some of his party to Sextus Caesar s soldiers who should raise their hopes and so ally themselves to him  After they had killed Sextus  they had his own legion come over to his side   Josephus  Antiq         c       Livy          Libo  apud Appian  Civil Wars        p       Dio         However  this story is reported by others like this  Sextus was a young man and liked pleasure  He poorly treated the legion that Julius Caesar had left in Syria for him  Bassus  to whom the care of the legion was committed  reprehended him for this  Sometimes Sextus reproachfully rejected this advice  One time later when Sextus ordered Bassus to come  he slowly obeyed  Sextus ordered him to be brought by head and shoulders  In this tumult  the two started fighting  When the army could not endure this insolence any longer  they killed Sextus with their arrows  They were soon sorry for what they had done and were afraid of Caesar  They made a conspiracy that if they received no pardon and good assurance of it  they would fight it out to the last man  They also forced Bassus to join the conspiracy  After this  they raised a new company and trained them in the same discipline that they kept   Appian  Civil War        p               p","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5065,"EventTxt":"Bassus took over all the army  except a few who had wintered at Apamea who had left for Cilicia before his arrival  He in vain followed them there  When he returned to Syria  he was nominated praetor and fortified Apamea that he might make that the seat of the war  He enlisted all for the war who were of full age both freemen and servants  He minted money and made amis   Dio","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5066,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had finished the African war on June  th  Julian April  th   he sailed from Utica  After the third day he came to Carales into Sardinia  Two days before July   Julian April  th  he went by ship near the shore  On the  th day after  Julian May  th  because he was hindered by storms  he came to the city of Rome   Hirtius  in bell  Africa  in fin","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5067,"EventTxt":"Caesar triumphed at Rome four times in the same month with a few days between each triumph  Each one displayed different equipment and provisions   Suetonius  in Julio  c      The chariot for Gaul  was made of the citron tree  for Pontus  of brazel  for Alexandria  of tortoise shell  and for Africa  ivory   Velleius Paterculus        c      In the Pontic triumph among the pageants and shows  he carried before him the title of these three words  VENI  VIDI  VICI  I came  I saw  I conquered This did not signify the acts achieved by him like other conquerors  but the quick execution of this war    Suetonius  in Julio  c       In this  the flight of Pharnaces made the people laugh  The Alexandrian triumph for Egypt was held between the Gallic and the Pontic ones  In it the actions of Achillas and Photinus were very plausibly presented        Appian  Civil War        p      Arsinoe  the Egyptian woman and at that time considered a queen  was led among the captives   This had never happened at Rome before   This raised much pity in the people for her  After the triumph as a favour to her relatives  she was released   Dio","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5068,"EventTxt":"Her family  that is her older sister Cleopatra and younger brother Ptolemy  the husband of Cleopatra  came to Rome this year when Caesar invited them  Caesar appointed Cleopatra her lodging in his own house  and sent her away with great honours and rewards and did not care at all for the gossip he created by this   Dio          Suetonius  in Julio  c      Also in the temple of Venus Genetrix  which he built for a vow he made as the battle of Pharsalus was being fought  Dio confirmed it was dedicated this year by him   Caesar set up an image of Cleopatra beside Venus   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5069,"EventTxt":"In Syria  C  Antistius  Vetus  and others from Caesar s captains  came against Caecilius Bassus with cavalry and foot soldiers  He besieged him in Apamea  The neighbouring countries that favoured Caesar s party sent forces to help  Antipater sent forces by his sons as well for the sake of Sextus Caesar who was killed and Julius Caesar who was alive because he was a friend to both of them  They fought for a long time to no ones  advantage  A truce was made with no articles or covenants  They suspended the war to bring in more auxiliaries    Josephus  Wars       c     fin   Antiq         c     fin    Dio","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5070,"EventTxt":"Mithridates Pergamenus again plundered the temple of Lencothea  in the country of the Moschi near the Phases River  which was previously plundered by Pharnaces   Strabo        p      Like Pharnaces before him  he tried to seize Bosphorus  Asander  referred to by Strabo as Calander and Lysander  defeated him and so when he had eliminated both of them  Asander quietly enjoyed the kingdom of Bosphorus   Strabo        p            p","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5071,"EventTxt":"When Julius Caesar was high priest in his third year and in the consulship of M  Aemihus Lepidus  he ordered the amendment of the Roman year  He had the help of Sosigenes in astronomical matters and of Flarius  a scribe  in arranging the calendar  There were   days intercalated in the month of February  He interposed between November and December  two other intercalary months of   days  So that this year had   months or   days   Censorinus de die  natali  c       Suetonius  in Julio  c       Pliny       c       Dio          Macrob   Saturnal     I e","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3958,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3958b AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5072,"EventTxt":"The day before the former intercalary months  Julian September  th   Cicero made a speech before Caesar for Q  Ligarius   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-46,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4668,"Dating":"3959a AM, 4668 JP, 46 BC"}
{"Index":5073,"EventTxt":"From the month of January  when Caesar started his fourth consulship  the year is reckoned as the first of the new Julian year  From this time  he appointed the beginning of the year as decreed by him   Censorin   de die  natali  c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5074,"EventTxt":"Caesar made war in Spain with Pompey s sons    days before March and captured the town of Aregna  He was called emperor when the Liberalia  as it is called by  Plutarch  in Caesar   were celebrated fifteen days before the month of April  as is shown from the old calendar   He achieved a memorable victory at the city Munda when in the battle     men on Pompey s side along with the two generals  Labienus and Atius Varus and almost   equestrians were killed  Caesar lost about   men and had about   wounded  After his young Cn  Pompey was killed who assumed the ensigns of the consul and the government  his head was presented to Caesar as he was marching to Hispales  This was on April  th and the head was publicly shown to the people   Author  commentaries de bell  Hispaniensi","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5075,"EventTxt":"The day before the Palilia     days before May  about evening the news of this victory came to Rome   Dio         The day before May  Caesar wrote a consolatory letter from Hispalis to M  Cicero  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      for the death of his daughter  Tullia  After the divorce of her mother Terentia  she died at P  Lentulus  house in childbirth  Ascon  Pedian  in orat  Pisonian   Plutarch  in Cicero  when her husband  P  Cornilius Dolabella  was in Spain with Caesar   Cicero  ad Attic  Philippic","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5076,"EventTxt":"Caius Octavian  the grandchild of his sister  Julia  accompanied Caesar in this war  He was   years old and always stayed in the same house with Caesar and always rode in the same coach with him  Caesar honoured this lad with the high priesthood    Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5077,"EventTxt":"When King Dejotarus was in some trouble  he sent Blesanius  his ambassador  to Spain to Caesar  Caesar  by letters sent to him from Tarracon  bid him be of good hope and good courage   Cicero  pro Dejotarus","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5078,"EventTxt":"While the war in Syria with Caecilius Bassus was going on  L  Statius  in Velleius he was called  Staius  and in Appian  Sextius  Murcus  incorrectly called by Josephus  Marcus  who was a former praetor was sent by Julius Caesar as the successor to Sextus  He left Italy with three companies and was valiantly defeated by Bassus   Velleius Patercius        c      Josephus  Wars        c     fin   Antiq        c    fin    Appian  Civil War        p            p      The country had well furnished the army of Bassus  He also had many Arabian princes who were allied with him in this war  These controlled many fortified places that were near by  Among these places  was Lysias which was located beyond the lake which is near to Apamea and Arethusa  the country of Sampseranus and of his Iamblycus   of whom Cicero mentioned in  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       These princes governed the countries of the Emisseni  Heliopolis and Chalcis  Also there were near those who were under the command of Ptolemy  the son of Mennaeus  who also governed Marsya and the mountainous places of the Ituraeans   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5079,"EventTxt":"Alchaudonius  the Arabian  called Alchaedamus by Strabo  was the king of the Rhambaean nomads who lived near the Euphrates River  They had formerly made a league with Lucullus but later had sent forces to the Parthians against Crassus  Both Bassus and his enemies appealed to them for help  Alchaudonius went into Mesopotamia  When he came to a place that was between Apamea and the camp of Caesar s supporters  before he would answer either side  he proposed that he would help those who gave him the most  In the battle he greatly over powered the enemy by his archery   Strabo        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5080,"EventTxt":"On the  th of September  Caesar made his last will and testament in his own house at Laticum and committed it to the keeping of the head vestal virgin  In it he appointed three grandchildren of his sister s  as his heirs  C  Octavian received     not    as it is in  Livy           Lucius Pinarius and Q  Pedius received     He also adopted C  Octavian into his name and family  He named also many of his murderers as tutors to his sons if he should happen to have any  He appointed also Decimus Brutus to be one of his second heirs in remainder  Suetonius  in Julio  c      and M  Antony  Dio          Floras        c      if those formerly appointed could not take the inheritance   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3959,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3959b AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5081,"EventTxt":"In the month of October  Caesar who had now conquered all  entered Rome and pardoned all who fought against him    Velleius Paterculus        c       After he had performed the triumph for Spain  in the beginning of this month  he retired from the consulship  He instituted a new order by substituting honourary consuls  He made Q  Fabius Maximus and C  Trebonius the consuls for three months   Dio          Gruteri  cum inscript  p     init    The former of whom had been consul and triumphed for Spain on October  th   Gruteri  p      Thereupon  when Chrysippus had seen in the triumph of Caesar  the ivory towns carried before him and a few days later the wooden ones of Fabius Maximus  he said they were but the cases for Caesar s towns   Quintilian        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5082,"EventTxt":"Very many and great honours were decreed by the senate to Caesar  He was declared to be the perpetual dictator  Livy         and he was called emperor   Suetonius  in Julius  c      This was not in the sense in which both before and after  it was given to generals for any victory they had obtained in the wars  This signified the highest power and authority in the state  Dio          for it was granted to him that he alone should have soldiers and the command of the militia  He alone should take charge of the public money and that it should be lawful for no other to make use of either of these  All the magistrates should be subject to him  including the magistrates of the common people  They should swear that they would never infringe on any of his decrees   Dio          Appian  Civil War        p      From this time to his last return to the city  Velleius declared   Velleius Paterculus        c      vv His five months of his principal office","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5083,"EventTxt":"Caesar thought of repressing the Getae or Daci who had made a large invasion into Pontus and Thracia   Suetonius  in Julius  c       Appian  Civil War        p      To prepare for this expedition  he sent ahead Octavian  the son of Atiae by his sister Julia s daughter  to Apollonia  He was to study there and learn martial discipline  He intended later to make him his fellow soldier in the Getic and Pontic war   Velleius Paterculus        c       Suetonius  in Octavian c       Plutarch  in M  Brutus   Appian  Civil War        p       Dio         Some squadrons from Pergamos came there  They were now very old  and he took them along from the city to there   Suetonius  in Octavian c       Strabone        p      To that place came some squadrons of cavalry from Macedonia with whom he was exercised  By entertaining them courteously  he became very gracious with the army   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5084,"EventTxt":"Castor  a young man  was incited by his father  Suocondarius   as Strabo calls him  and his mother  the daughter of King Dejotarus  He went to Rome to accuse his grandfather  After he corrupted Philip  the king s servant and a Phisitian  with hopes and promises that he should accuse his master falsely of treason  The king would have killed Caesar when he entertained him in his tetrarchy  The king s ambassadors  Hieras  Blescenius  Antigonus and Dorylaus opposed this and offered to Caesar their own lives for the safety of the two kings   The father and son then reigned together   Cicero made a speech in Caesar s house for him in memory of their old friendship and familiarity  He prefaced his remarks with the statement that it was so unusual for a king to be guilty of treason that it was never heard of before  However  for this accusation  Dejotarus had killed his daughter  together with her husband Castor or Suocondarius  that noble Chronographer  in Garbrius the palace of Castor himself   Strabo        p      Concerning all this business Vessius  alas  our dear friend for sometime  is to be consulted in the last chapter of his first book of Greek Historians","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5085,"EventTxt":"On December  th  ides   Q  Pedius triumphed for Spain   the third time within three months    Grater  Inscript  p     in which  as Fabius had done before him  he used wooden pageants instead of ivory ones which caused much laughter   Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5086,"EventTxt":"The Parthians came to help Caecilius Bassus but did not stay long because it was winter and did not do anything outstanding for him  Dio  Dio         stated that by their arrival  Bassus was freed from that close siege by Antistius Velus  as Velus himself confirms in his letters to Balbus  Concerning this  Cicero wrote   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      vv Balbus was here with me to whom letters were delivered on the day before the month of January from Balbus when as Caecilius was besieged by him and was almost taken  Pacorus  the Parthian came with numerous forces and so he escaped from him with the loss of many of his men  He blamed Volcatius for this  So it seems to me that war is near but let Nelcias and Dollabella take care of it","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5087,"EventTxt":"That is to whom the care of the province of Syria and of the Parthian war was committed after the death of Caesar when Cicero wrote this letter","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5088,"EventTxt":"At Rome  the day before the month of January  after Q  Fabius Maximus  the consul  was dead  C  Caninins Rebilus demanded the consulship of a few towns   Cicero  ad Attic        epist       Pliny        c      Suetonius  in Claudius  c      Trebell Pallion   in    Tyrannis   Concerning whom  Cicero wrote to Curtius   Cicero  Letter to his Friends        epist      vv Know that all the time that Caninius was consul  there no one dined  However  there was no harm done all the time that he was consul for he was very vigilant as one who never slept in his consulship   Macrob   Saturnal        c            c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5089,"EventTxt":"The next day Caesar assumed his fifth and last consulship  He made an edict that thanks should be returned to Hyrcanus  the high priest and prince of the Jews and to the country of the Jews for their affection to him and the people of Rome  Caesar also decreed that Hyrcanus should have the city of Jerusalem and should rebuild its walls and govern it after his own will  He also granted to the Jews that every second year there should be a deduction in their rents and that they should be free from impositions and tributes    Josephus  Antiq         c      Josephus seems to be mistaken when in the previous chapter he said that Caesar was in Syria and sent letters to Rome to the consuls  The letters said that authority should be given to Hyrcanus to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem that Pompey had thrown down  Josephus said that shortly after this  Caesar left Syria  and Antipater started to rebuild the walls  That decree of the senate that Josephus recorded did not apply to Hyrcanus  nor to the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem  We have seen this in   AM  concerning which also Salianus is to be consulted with at the year   AM num","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5090,"EventTxt":"In the same fifth consulship  in the second Julian year  the month Quintilis was renamed to July in honour of Julius Caesar  M  Antony  his colleague in the consulship  proposed this law because Julius was born on the fourth of ides of Quintilis in this month   July  th    Appian  Civil War        p       Dio          Censorin  de die natali  c       Mucrabins  Saturnal        c      Thereupon  in the following term of Serceilis  M  Brutus  who was the city s praetor and was to hold the Apollinanian plays after Caesar was murdered by him  wrote Nonis Julio the Nones of July  Cicero wrote to his friend Atticus   Cicero  ad Atticus        epist      VV I could be angry an whole day  Could anything be more base  than for Brutus to write Julio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5091,"EventTxt":"After Brutus was admonished for this by him  he said that he would write that the hunting that was to be the day after the Apollinanian Plays  should be on the  rd ides of Quintilis   July  th   Cicero  ad Atticus        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5092,"EventTxt":"Caesar rebuilt Carthage and Corinth which were both demolished at one time   See note on   AM  by bringing Roman colonies there   Dio          Strabo        p            p      Concerning Corinth  the writers  Pausanias  in Corinthianis    Solinus  de Carthage  c        Appian  Lybicorum  fin    agree that between the overthrow and rebuilding of Carthage    years elapsed  This would brings us to this year when M  Antony and P  Dolabella were consuls whom Solinus named  Appian wrote that these cities were again rebuilt by Augustus Caesar","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5093,"EventTxt":"At this time  the people of Rome were in a mood to revenge the death of Crassus and the army that he lost and hoped to utterly conquer the Parthians  Thereupon this war  by general consent  was decreed to be headed by Caesar  They very earnestly made preparations for it  The following action was taken for the execution of that war so that both Caesar might have officers enough with him and that in his absence that the city should not be left without magistrates  So the city would not choose them and cause problems for Caesar when he was away  they intended to appoint magistrates before hand for the whole three years   This was how long they thought that the war might last   Half of these Caesar chose as indeed was by the law granted to him   concerning this law consult Suetonius  In truth he chose all the rest too   Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5094,"EventTxt":"Caesar planned to attack the Cetae or Daci first  He sent ahead of him over the Adriatic Sea  sixteen legions and     cavalry  Then he planned to make war on the Parthians by going through Armenia the Less  He did not want to come to a pitched battle  until he had tried his troops   Suetonius  in Julius  c       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5095,"EventTxt":"Caesar sent Cornisicius to make war in Syria against Caecilius Bassus  and gave him the province of Syria   Cicero  Letters to his Friends         epist         While the legions were to be brought to him  Caesar was murdered  After that the province was assigned to P  Cornelius Dolabella  the consul and  as we shall see  old Africa was given to Cornisicius   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist          Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5096,"EventTxt":"Caesar committed the charge and command of three legions that he had left in Alexandria to Rufinus  the son of a freed man of his who was an old catamite  boy kept for homosexual purposes  of his own   Suetonius  in Julius  c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5097,"EventTxt":"Six days   th of calends  before February  Caesar entered the city  In a speech from the Albana Mount   Gruters  Inscript  p       it was decreed that in the performance of the Latin Feria  he should be thus brought into the city   Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5098,"EventTxt":"Some had greeted him as king  as he was returning from the sacrifice of the Latin Feria and going into the city from the mount Albanus  He was offended that the people took it poorly and told them that he was Caesar and not a king  When they all held their peace  he went along by them very sad and melancholy  One of the company put a laurel crown tied with a white ribbon   which was what they used to do to their kings   on his statue  Epidius Marcellus and Coesilius Flavus ordered that the crown to be untied and the man to be put into prison  Caesar was grieved that the mention of a kingdom was not well received or that the glory of denying it was taken from him  He severely chided the tribunes and deprived them of their office   Suetonius  in Julius  c       Plutarch  in codem   Dio          Livy          Appian  Civil War       p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5099,"EventTxt":"On the Lupercalia  which the old calendar showed were celebrated on the  th day of February  M  Antony  his colleague in the consulship  came running stark naked among those who celebrated the feast  He fell down before Caesar  who sat in the rostrum on his golden chair clothed in purple and crowned  He presented him with a diadem in the name of the people of Rome  This was twice put on his head by Antony  but Caesar took it off again and laid on his golden chair  He said that only Jupiter was the king of the Romans and sent the diadem into the Capitol to Jupiter  He ordered that it should be written in the records  vv That at the Lupercalia  Marcus Antony the consul  offered a kingdom to Caesar the dictator  but he would not take it","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5100,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Caesar was suspected that this was only a trick between them and that indeed he did desire the name of king but he would pretend to be forced to take it   Appian  Civil War        p          Cicero  in Philip                Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Cassador   in Chronico","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5101,"EventTxt":"After this a rumour circulated which was either true or false   as fables used to be made  that the priest called Quindecimviri found in the Sybil s book that the Parthians would be overcome by the Romans if a king were general  Otherwise they were unconquerable  Thereupon L  Cotta  one of the Quindecimviri  would in the next senate propose a law that Caesar should be called king  Some thought that he ought to be called either dictator or emperor of the Romans or any other name that sounded more agreeable than the name of king  Since all other nations were under the command of the Romans  he should positively be called king   Suetonius   Plutarch   Dio         Appian  Civil War        p      Cicero also refers to this   Cicero  de divinat         We observe in the Sybil s verses which she is reported in a fury to have spoken which were interpreted by L  Cotta  These were recently thought to be man s fabrications as though it is that the one we have now already for a king  must be called a king  if we will be secure","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5102,"EventTxt":"Caesar prepared to leave the city as soon as he could and he had not thought of where to go  Four days before he intended to go  he was stabbed in the senate   Appian  Civil War  p      Sixty senators and equestrians were in this conspiracy   Suetonius  in Julius  c       Eutropius        fin    Orosius        c      M  Brutus  C  Tribonius and C  Cassius and of Caesar s party  Decimus Brutus  where the leaders in the conspiracy   Livy         Caesar came into the senate house with the intention of advocating the Parthian war  The senators stabbed him as he sat in the ivory chair and he received twenty three wounds   Livy         Floras  History of Rome        c     fin   on the ides of March  March  th   He was   years old   Suetonius  in Julius  c             Plutarch  in codem    Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5103,"EventTxt":"Thus he who had fought in fifty battles   Pliny        c       was killed in that senate by a number of the senators he had chosen himself  He was killed in Pompey s court before the image of Pompey  Many of his own centurions witnessed this  He so fell by the hands of the most noble citizens and those too  most of them he had promoted himself  None of his friends and none of his servants could come near his body   Cicero  de divinatione","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5104,"EventTxt":"P  Cornelius Dolabella  was twenty five years old and was appointed by Caesar to be consul for the rest of Caesar s term when Caesar left the city  He snatched up the fasces and the consular ensigns  Before them all  he vilely reproached the author of his honour  Some state that he purposed a law that that day might be reckoned as the birthday of the city   Appian  Civil War        p          Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5105,"EventTxt":"The third day after the murder of Caesar   Cicero  Philippic  when the Liberalia were celebrated   Cicero  ad Attic        epist           that is fifteen days before April   th of calends   the senate convened in the temple of Tellus  The consul Antonius  Plancos and Cicero spoke for an act of oblivion and a peace  It was decreed that the memory of all wrongs should be blotted out  a firm peace should be established among the citizens and Caesar s acts should be ratified   Cicero  Philippic       Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Cicero  Brutus  Antony   Appian  Civil Wars          Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5106,"EventTxt":"On the very day first of all  Cicero  Philippic     M  Antony set aside all hostility and was willing that Dolabella should be his colleague in the consulship  Although  as Caesar previously showed  that he planned before he left the city that Dolabella should be consul and Antony strongly opposed it   Cicero  Philippic       Plutarch  in Antony  At the first he had determined not to allow him to be consul since he was still too young  However  from fear lest he should cause a riot  he allowed it to happen   Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5107,"EventTxt":"The next day the senate met again and assigned provinces to the murderers of Caesar  Crete went to M  Brutus  Africa to Cassius  Asia to Trebonius  Bithynia to Cimber and Gallia Circumpana to Decimus Brutus   Plutarch  in M  Brutus","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5108,"EventTxt":"Of these  the last two were former praetors of the city  They did not think it wise to enter the provinces before their term of office as praetors had expired in Rome  When they also saw it was not safe for them to exercise any authority in the city  they planned to spend the rest of the year in Italy as private citizens  When the senate understood this  they appointed them to be overseers of the grain shipments to Rome   Appian  Civil War        p      Brutus was in charge of the grain shipments from Asia and Cassius from Sicily  Cassius scorned this office   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5109,"EventTxt":"Some had a plan that there should be a private bank established for those who killed Caesar from the Roman equestrians  They thought that this might be easily brought about if the leaders of them would bring in their money  Thereupon  Atticus was called upon by Flavius  a close friend of Brutus  that he would be the leader in this business  Atticus always thought of doing his friend a favour without causing any friction  He replied that if Brutus had any mind to make use of his estate  let him use as much as his estate would allow  He would not so much as speak with anyone about this matter nor join with them in it  So the whole plot of them was spoiled by one man s dissent   Cornel  Nipos  Life of Atticus","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5110,"EventTxt":"In the temple of Castor  some letters of the names of the consuls Antony and Dolabella were struck down with lightning  Julius  Julius Obsequens  de Prodigiis  stated that this portended their alienation from their country","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5111,"EventTxt":"The consul Antony persuaded his colleague Dolabella  since he was an ambitious young man  that he should request to be sent into Syria and to the army that was raised against the Parthians  He brought it to pass that the province of Syria was allocated to Dolabella by the votes of the people along with the Parthian war and the legions that were assigned by Caesar for that purpose  Also those that were sent ahead into Macedonia were given to him  Antony then obtained Macedonia from the senate which was not defended by an an army   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5112,"EventTxt":"Cicero feared Antony s power and determined at first to go with Dolabella into Syria as his lieutenant   Plutarch  in Cicero  On the  th of April   th of nones   Cicero was given the lieutenancy so that he might enter the position when he wanted to   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      He was persuaded by Hirtius and Pausa who were designed consuls for the next year and he changed his mind  He left Dolabella and planned to spend the summer at Athens   Plutarch  in Cicero  He would journey into Greece before the time that the Olympian games were celebrated   Cicero  ad Attic        epist            epist      The  th Olympiad was celebrated in this year","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5113,"EventTxt":"In the sixth month after Octavian came to Apollonia  he received the news of his uncle s death  He left Epirus for Italy and at Brundusium he was received by the army that went to meet him as Caesar s son  Without any further delay  he immediately assumed the name of Caesar and took upon him to be his heir   So much the rather  since he had brought with him a great amount of money and the large forces that were sent him by Caesar   At Brundusium  he was adopted into the Julian family and after this called himself Caius Julius Caesar Octavian instead of Caius Octavian   Livy          Julius Obsequens  de Prodigiis   Appian  Civil War        p          Dio","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5114,"EventTxt":"For this very name  just as if he had been a true son  a large number of friends  both freed men and slaves  came to him  They brought soldiers also  who either carried provision and money into Macedonia or brought the tributes and other money that they had exacted from the provinces to Brundusium  He was strengthened and emboldened by the number of them that flocked to him  By the authority of the name of Caesar  he was held in high esteem with the common people  He journeyed toward Rome with a considerable following which daily increased like a flood   Appian  Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5115,"EventTxt":"Thirteen days before May   th of calends   Octavian came to Naples and the next day at Cumae he visited Cicero   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Cicero wrote a letter to Atticus twelve days before May   th of calends    Cicero  ad Attic        epist      vv Octavian was with us and was very noble and friendly  His own followers greeted him by the name of Caesar  but Philip would not","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5116,"EventTxt":"His mother Atia  and his father in law Philip did not approve that he should take the name of the envied fortune of Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c       Suetonius  Octavia  c       Appian   Civil War        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5117,"EventTxt":"A vast company of friends met Octavian as he was coming to Rome  When he entered the city  the globe of the sun seemed to be on his head and equally bent and rounded like a bow   as it were putting a crown upon the head of him that later was to be so famous a man    Velleius Paterculus        c      Julius Obsequens  de Prodigiis   vv When he entered the city with a large number around him  the sun was included in the circle of a pure and unclouded sky and surrounded him with the inmost part of the circle","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5118,"EventTxt":"as the rainbows are usually bent in the clouds   That is a circle of various colours as is usual in the rainbow  at that time surrounded the sun   Seneca  Natural  Questions        c       Pliny        c      Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Dio          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5119,"EventTxt":"Octavian called his friends together and over night ordered them all to be ready the next morning with a good number of followers to meet him in the forum  Octavian went to Caius  the brother of Antony the city praetor  Caius told him he accepted his adoption  It was the Roman custom in an adoption  to interpose the authority of the praetor  His acceptance was registered by the scribes  Then Octavian immediately left the forum and went to Antony  the consul   Appian  Civil War        p       The consul entertained him haughtily  but this was not from contempt but fear  and scarcely admitted him into Pompey s gardens and gave him time to speak with him   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5120,"EventTxt":"The Circensian plays were neglected which were decreed to be solemnized for the honour of Caesar in the Palilia     days before May     th of calends   This was the day the news of Caesar s victory in Spain came to Rome  The day before that day   Dio             Quinctus and Lamia wore crowns there for Caesar s honour s sake   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5121,"EventTxt":"When the murderers of Caesar were sent into the provinces which were allocated to them by lot   Dio         Caius Trebonius went into his province  Cicero  ad Attic        epist      to succeed Q  Philippus as the proconsul of Asia   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist        cf  epist         Patisen went with him as an ordinary proquaestor  However  P  Lentulus  the son of Publius Lentulus Spinther  was sent by the senate into Asia as an extraordinary quaestor to gather in the tribute and to raise money   Cicero  Letters to my Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5122,"EventTxt":"Ten days before June     th calends   Trebonius came to Athens and there found young Cicero earnestly at his study under Cratippus  He invited them both into his province of Asia  Cicero stated this in his letters to his father  dated   days before June   th calends    Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      His father replied by letter   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist  fin","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5123,"EventTxt":"On June  nd   th nones   a law was passed that the consuls should recognizance those things that Caesar had ordained  decreed and done   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5124,"EventTxt":"After Antony was appointed to oversee and execute those things which Caesar had ordered to be done  he altered the notes and changed them at his pleasure  He did everything as it pleased him as if it were by the appointment of Caesar  By this he gratified cities and governors and amassed a huge fortune  He sold fields and tributes as well as freedoms also even of the city of Rome  He sold these to individuals as well as to whole provinces and all people  A record of these things were recorded on tables and hung up in the capitol   Cicero  in Philippica      Letters to his Friends        epist       Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony    Appian  Civil War        p        Dio          In one of these tables  the richest cities of the Cretians were freed from tributes and it was decreed that after the proconsulate of Brutus  Crete would no longer be a province   Cicero  in Philippica      Letters to his Friends        epist       Antony also received a great sum of money and amended a register also  as if the law had been made by Caesar that the Sicilians would be made citizens of Rome   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5125,"EventTxt":"As soon as King Dejotarus heard of Caesar s death  he recovered all things that were taken from him of his own accord  However  his ambassadors were fearful and unskilful  Without the consent of the rest of the king s friends  they gave Fulvis     sesterces as a bond and had a decree hung in the capitol  It ridiculously pretended that everthing was restored by Caesar himself   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      in    Philippic","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5126,"EventTxt":"When plays were to be performed to commemorate Caesar s victory the  th of August  as appears in the old calender  Gruterus  Inscriptions  p      they dared not do it publicly and Octavian held them privately        Suetonius  in Octavian  c     He committed the care for the preparations for them to C  Matius  a most learned man  who gave this reason to Cicero for his approving of this   Cicero  Letters to his Friends         epist      ad Attic  epist        I have taken care for the plays that the young Caesar made for the victory of Caesar  However  it belonged to my private service to him and not to the state of the commonwealth  Yet this service I ought to perform to the memory and honour of my best friend  although now dead  Neither could I deny it at the request of that hopeful young man and most worthy Caesar","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5127,"EventTxt":"To this are to be referred those things from Dio   Dio          They sacrificed with certain processions on a particular day consecrated to him for his victories","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5128,"EventTxt":"Dion affirms that it was previously decreed  Appian  Civil Wars         p       Dio         that those days should be celebrated with solemn sacrifices on which he obtained his victories  It seems that the commemoration of all the victories he had obtained  were remembered on this one day and consecrated for his victory sacrifices  Lucan   Lucan        init    stated that the day of the victory of Pharsalus  the most famous of all the rest  was not included among the feast days  Rome hath oft celebrated times less dire  But this would in oblivion have retire","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5129,"EventTxt":"M  Brutus and Canus Cassius sent privately by letters to advise Trebonius in Asia and Tullius Cimber in Bithynia that they should secretly gather money and raise an army   Appian        p         Cimber obeyed and also provided a navy   Cossius to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      It was that drunken Cimber  whom Seneca stated  Seneca  epist      made this joke about himself  Am I able to deal with anyone  who cannot bear wine","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5130,"EventTxt":"At age nineteen  Caesar Octavian of his own accord and his own expense  gathered an army  He himself wrote this in the breviary of his affairs which was engraved in the Ancyran Marble   Gruter  Inscriptions  p      eleven days before October  before the day of the  th calends   when he was almost   years old  Before the departure of Antony from the city   which happened in the following October  Octavian was commended to the senate through Cicero and others that hated Antony  Octavian tried to get the favour of the people and to gather an army   Plutarch  in Antony  He prepared forces against Antony for his own safety and the state  He stirred up the old soldiers that were sent into the colonies   Livy         Floras related the matter thus  Octavian Caesar was pitied for his youth and wrongs he endured  He was gracious for the majesty of that name that he had assumed  He called the old soldiers to arms and as a private citizen then  who would believe it   takes on the consul","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5131,"EventTxt":"Floras        c      He is incorrect where he states  but eighteen years old","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5132,"EventTxt":"Neither is Dio who wrote that he was   years old when he assumed the name and took on him  as Caesar s heir   Dio        p      Neither is it accurately set forth by Seneca   Seneca  de dementia         c      vv he was newly out of his eighteenth year","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5133,"EventTxt":"Neither is Velleius Paterculus correct  vv he had entered on his nineteenth year","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5134,"EventTxt":"Paterculus stated  vv O  Caesar had turned nineteen  He dared bold exploits and attained the highest position by his own advice  He had a greater mind for the safety of the state than the senate had   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5135,"EventTxt":"When he began to prepare an army  he was almost twenty  From that time to his death was  years  Likewise Maximus the monk  in his calculations assigned the same time to his government","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5136,"EventTxt":"Antony was afraid and held a meeting with him in the capital and they were reconciled  The same night in his sleep  Antony dreamed that his right hand was struck with lightning  A few days later  it was secretly whispered to him that Caesar sought to betray him  When he did not believe Caesar who tried to clear himself  their old enmity broke out again   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5137,"EventTxt":"Antony thought that he needed a larger force  He knew that the six legions in Macedonia were the best soldiers and outnumbered his legions  There was a large band of archers  light harnessed men and cavalry  All were excellently equipped  These were allocated to Dolabella  because the Parthian war was assigned to him when Caesar made preparation against the Parthians  He thought to draw these to his side because they were so close and could soon be in Italy by crossing the Adriatic Sea  A false rumour was spread that the Getae heard of the death of Caesar and wasted Macedonia with their invasion  Antony demanded an army from the senate that he might take vengeance on the enemy  He said that the Macedonian army was raised by Caesar against the Getae before he planned to attack the Parthians and that all things were now quiet on the border of Parthia  Finally  they agreed to send one legion over to Dolabella and Antony was chosen as general of the Macedonian army   Appian        p         Through force  he had a law passed to change how the provinces were allocated  C  Antony  his brother  would take Macedonia which was assigned to Marcus Brutus  The consul Mark Antony would take Cisalpine Gaul that was assigned to Decimus Brutus  Antony would also command the Macedonian army which was sent ahead by Caesar to Apollonia   Dio          Livy          Appian        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5138,"EventTxt":"It was reported that the legions of Alexandria were in arms that Bassus was sent for from Syria and Cassius was expected   Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5139,"EventTxt":"When time for the plays had arrived which Critonius  the aedile  was to hold  Caesar provided for his father  a golden chair and a crown  This thing was ordered by the decree of the senate to be done for ever in all plays  Critonius would not allow Caesar to be honoured in those plays that he held at his own private expense       Caesar was brought before Antony as to the consul  The consul told him that he would propose to the senate  vv propose it and in the meantime I will provide the chair","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5140,"EventTxt":"Antony was exasperated and forbid this in the following plays  These Caesar had solemnized and were instituted in honour of their mother  Venus  when a temple in the forum was dedicated to Caesar as well as the forum itself  Antony publicly hated this fact   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5141,"EventTxt":"Five days   th calends  before October in the marble inscriptions of the old calendar   in  Grater  Inscriptions  p     fin   compared with another whole one   Grunter  Inscriptions  p       it was engraved  VENERI  GENETRICIIN  FORO  CAESAR  Therefore  on that day Octavian made those plays to gain the people s favour  These were instituted for the completion of the temple of Venus  He personally paid for these since he came from the same family  some of whom  during Caesar s lifetime  had promised to solemnize the temple but did not do it   Dio         While Octavian was doing this  Seneca stated that a comet suddenly appeared   Seneca  in Natural Questions        c       Suetonius  in Julio  c       Pliny        c      Seneca said Octavian himself stated the following  vv In the very days of my plays there was a comet seen for seven days altogether  in the northern part of the heaven  It arose about the eleventh hour of the day  It was clear and conspicuous in all lands  The people generally thought that by this star  it was signified that Caesar s soul was received into the number of the gods  Under that notion was that word added to the image of his head that we recently consecrated in the forum","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5142,"EventTxt":"This was also seen on some coins that were minted after his death with the inscription  DIVI JULII  and noted by Virgil  vv Thy father s star appeared in the north   Aeneid","YearBCAD":-45,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3960,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4669,"Dating":"3960a AM, 4669 JP, 45 BC"}
{"Index":5143,"EventTxt":"The  th   th ides  of October  Antony came to Brundusium to meet four of five of the Macedonian legions that he thought to win to his side with money   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Appian        p          Dion        p     edit  Gracolatin  Hannoviensis   These were granted to him by the senate and people of Rome to be used against the Getae  However  he transported them to Italy   Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p           fin","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5144,"EventTxt":"Octavian also sent his friends with money to hire those soldiers for himself   Dion        p     edit  Gracolatin  Hannoviensis   He sent into Campania to secure for his side those soldiers that his father had sent into the colonies to war  First he drew to his side  the old soldiers of Galatia  then those of Casilinum  which lay on both sides of Capua  He gave each of them   denarii  which Appian and Dio  after the custom of the Greeks translate drachmas  He gathered together about     men but they were not well armed nor marshalled into companies  He marched with them under one ensign as a guard   Cicero  ad Attic        epist      Philippic      Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p         These troops were the first to be called the Evocati because when they had permission to retire from the army  they were again called to service   Servius Galba ad Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Dio l     p            p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5145,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the four legions of Macedonia accused Antony for his delay in revenging Caesar s death on the murderers  Without any acclamations  they conducted him to the tribunal as if they would hear an account of this business before anything else  Antony took their silence poorly  He did not contain himself but upbraided them for their ingratitude because they did not acknowledge how much better it was to go into Italy than into Parthia  Neither did they show any token of thankfulness  He also complained that they had not brought to him some disturbers of the peace that were sent from that wicked young man  for so he called Caesar  but that he would find them  He said he would march with the army to the province that was decreed to him by the senate even that fortunate Gaul  He said that he would give to everyone there   denarii or drachmas  This niggardliness of his promises was entertained with laughter  When he took this badly  he was deserted and the disorder increased   Appian        p       Dion        p       Cicero  ad Attic        epist","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5146,"EventTxt":"When Antony had demanded the rebels from the tribunes according to the discipline of war  he drew out every tenth man by lot  He did not punish them all but only some of them and thought to terrify them little by little   Appian        p         Also in the house of his host on the bay of Brundusium  in the presence of his most covetous and cruel wife Fulvia  he put to death some centurions that were taken from the Martian legion   Cicero  Philippic             Dio l     p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5147,"EventTxt":"When those of Caesar s party who were sent to bribe them  saw that they were more provoked by this deed  they created libelous rumours among the army  They recalled to mind the memory of Caesar when considering this business and cruelty of Antony  They invited them to the liberality of the young man  Antony promised rewards to them that would tell him of them and punishments to those who did not expose the offenders  He took it rather poorly that none were discovered as if the army defended them   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5148,"EventTxt":"When Octavian Caesar came to hold office  he endeavoured to win the people to himself  Both M  Brutus and Caius Cassius gave up all hope of controlling the opinion of people and were afraid of Caesar  They sailed from Italy and landed at Athens where they were magnificently entertained   Dio        p         Cornelius Nepos  in the life of Atticus  wrote that when Antony began to get the upper hand  they abandoned the government of those provinces that were assigned to them by the consuls and went into exile  vv and now both fearing the arms of Antony and now again to increase the envy they had against Antony they pretended as though they were afraid and protested by their edicts that they would willingly live in perpetual exile as long as the commonwealth was in peace  Neither would they give any occasion for a civil war","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5149,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus stated that they went out of Italy   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5150,"EventTxt":"When some went to Octavian s side and some to Antony s  the armies sided with the one that gave them the most  Brutus intended to leave Italy and though Lucania came by land to the sea at Elea  From there he sailed to Athens where he became a student to Theomnestas the academic and to Cratippus the peripatetic  the Mitylenian   Together with them they studied and he seemed to forget all business and to live in idleness  However  he prepared for the war   Plutarch  in Brutus  Cicero  Cicero  in Philippic      stated that the navy of Cassius caught up to Brutus within a few days","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5151,"EventTxt":"Brutus and Cassius determined by force to invade Macedonia and Syria as assigned before to Dolabella and Antony  As soon as this was known Dolabella hurried into Syria and visited Asia along the way  to gather money from there    Appian  de Brutis civilibin        p      For Appian thought  as also does  Floras        c        that Macedonia was decreed by Julius Caesar  before he was killed by them  to Brutus and Syria to Cassius  There were other letters  granting to them  in the place of those that were later taken from them by the consuls  That is Cyrene and the isle of Crete  Some attribute both of these to Cassius and Bithynia to Brutus but that they were assigned these and gathered an army and money with an intent to invade Syria and Macedonia   Appian     p                          p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5152,"EventTxt":"However  Syria was appointed by Julius Caesar to Cornificius  as we gather from Cicero  The fourth day after his murder  Crete was decreed by the senate to Brutus and Africa to Cassius we have learned previously from Plutarch  Cicero stated of Brutus   Cicero  in Philippic      vv Neither went he into his own province of Crete  but hurried into Macedonia which was another s  Cassius obeyed the law of greed  when he went into Syria  This was another s province indeed  if men would use written laws  But these were violated  so he used his own by the law of greed","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5153,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus confirmed that both of them seized provinces without any decree from the senate or public authority   Velleius Paterculus        c       He also said both of them lived at Athens  Dio wrote  Dio        p      that they heard that Caesar had increased in strength  Crete and Bithynia which they were sent to  were neglected because they thought that these provinces would not be of much help  They planned to take Syria and Macedonia which did not belong to them  At that time  both of them had men and money","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5154,"EventTxt":"Dolabella made his journey through Achaia  Macedonia and Thrace and arrived too late into Asia  However  in Achaia he had foot soldiers and cavalry  He met Vetus Antestius  who had returned from Syria and had dismissed his army   which he had mainly used against Caecilius Bassus   He would rather suffer any danger than to seem to give any money to Dolabella either willingly or by compulsion   Dio        p      Brutus in    Cicerronis ad Brutum  epist","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5155,"EventTxt":"On the Its  calends  of November  letters were brought to Cicero from Octavian  He asked his advice whether he had best come to Rome with those   old soldiers  or should he keep them at Capua and keep Antony from there  or should he go to the three legions of Macedonia  which came by the way of the Adriatic Sea  Because they would not receive the bribes that Antony offered them  he thought he might win them to himself   Cicero  ad attic        epist      Octavian numbered the centuries at Capua   Cicero  ad attic        epist      He journeyed to Samnium and arrived at Cales and stayed at Theanum  There was a wonderful gathering of the free cities and corporations which came to Rome in large numbers        Cicero  ad attic        epist","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5156,"EventTxt":"He went to the common people who had already been prepped for this purpose by Canutius the tribune of the people  He renewed the memory of his father in a long speech to them and the brave acts that he had done  He spoke also many things modestly of himself and accused Antony  He commended the soldiers that followed him because they were ready to help the city and that they had chosen him for that purpose  They should by this act signify this to so great a crowd  They were commended for the good equipment they had and for the large number of soldiers that followed Caesar  He went into Hetruria to get more soldiers   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5157,"EventTxt":"At this time Marcus Cicero dedicated his three famous books of offices  Cicero  de Officiis  to his son Marcus who had been a scholar for an whole year to Cratippus   This was not at the first time he was sent there as Dio thinks   Dio        p       Cicero  Letter to his Friends        epist       Some of the son s letters to Tiro still exist  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      in which he tells of those who boarded with him  VV I have hired a place for Brutus close to me and as much as I can from my poverty  I sustain his needs  Moreover I intended to make my speech in Greek before Cassius but before Brutus  I will do my practising in Latin  My close friends and boarders are those that Cratippus brought with him from Mitylene  learned men and well approved by him","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5158,"EventTxt":"When Brutus was in financial need  he made friends with Cicero and with other young men that studied at Athens  He sent Herostratus into Macedonia to win the favour of those who were captains of the armies  When he had received news that some Roman ships laden with money sailed from Asia toward Athens and that the admiral was an honest man and his close friend  he went to meet him near the Carystos  He persuaded him to turn over the ships to him   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5159,"EventTxt":"On his birthday  Brutus made a large feast for the admiral  When they started the toasts  they drank to the a health of Brutus and the freedom of the people of Rome  Brutus took a large cup and spoke aloud this verse without any apparent reason  Latona s stem and cruel fate To my success have put a date","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5160,"EventTxt":"This was taken as an ill omen of his defeat  When he went to fight his last battle at Philippi  he gave his soldiers these words of Apollo   Plutarch  in Brutus    Appian        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5161,"EventTxt":"After this  Anistius gave Brutus   myriads of the money he was carrying into Italy   Plutarch  in Brutus  The Latin interpreter rendered it     sesterniums and Brutus himself acknowledged that sum that Vetus Antistius had promised of his own accord and gave him from his money  In a letter  Brutus commended him to Cicero since Antistius was going to Rome to request the praetorship   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist      We read in Cornelius Nepos  Nepos  Life of Atticus   that Pompey Atticus also sent a present of   sesterniums when Brutus was expelled and left Italy and in his absence  commanded that   should be given to him in Epirus","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5162,"EventTxt":"Cassius and Brutus  left one another in Piraeera  Cassius went into Syria to keep Dolabella  Cicero  Philippic      out and Brutus went into Macedonia  Plutarch  in Brutus  so that he could control Macedonia and Greece   Dio        p      Without any public authority  they seized the provinces and armies and pretended that where they were  there was the legitimate state  They received money from those who would give it to them which was sent by the treasurers to Rome from the parts beyond the seas   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5163,"EventTxt":"Cassius got ahead of Dolabella and sailed into Asia to Trebonius  the proconsul  After the proconsul was bribed  he sided with Cassius and gave him many of those cavalry who were sent ahead by Dolabella into Syria   P  Lentulus brags in his letters to Cicero that he was the first to turn these over to Cassius    Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      A large number from Asia and Cilicia also joined him  Cassius compelled Tarcondimotus and the Tarsenses to join in an alliance with him  However  the Tarsenses did it against their will  They so favoured the first Caesar and for his sake Octavian  that instead of Tarsus  they called their city Juliopolus   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5164,"EventTxt":"Brutus received from Apuleius the forces he then had and in coined money      talents which were collected from the payments and tributes of Asia that Apuleius      had received from Trebonius  Brutus went into Boeotia   Appian        p       Dio        p      There he gathered soldiers of those from the battle of Pharsalus that he found wandering about Thessalia  Some of those that came with Dolabella from Italy  were either left there because of sickness or had run away from their regiments  He took from Cinna    cavalry which he was taking to Dolabella into Asia   Plutarch  in Brutus   Dio        p      This was the occasion of what Cicero wrote about Brutus   Cicero  Philippic  th   vv He raised new legions and welcomed the old ones  He took for himself  Dolabella s cavalry before Dolabella murdered Trebonius  Brutus counted him an enemy by his own standards  For if it were not so  how could he take away the cavalry from the consul","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5165,"EventTxt":"Brutus was thus appointed  under the pretence of serving the state and of undertaking a war against Antony  He seized Greece where there were no soldiers at all   Dio        p        Livy","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5166,"EventTxt":"From there he went to Demetrius who gave him a large supply of arms that were stockpiled by Julius Caesar s orders for the Parthian war and were supposed to be turned over to Antony   Plutarch  in Brutus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5167,"EventTxt":"Brutus went into Macedonia at the same time that Caius Antony  the consul s brother  had recently arrived there and Q  Hortensius  the proconsul of Macedonia  was preparing to leave  This did not bother Brutus since Hortensius would soon join with him and Antony was forbidden  Caesar now ordered all at Rome  to meddle with anything that belonged to the chief magistrate and had no forces   Dio        p       Cicero  Philippic","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5168,"EventTxt":"A muster was made in Macedonia by the great care and efforts of Q  Hortensius  The legion that L  Piso  the lieutenant of Antony  led  was turned over to Cicero s son whom Brutus brought with him from Athens  The cavalry were led in two brigades into Syria  One brigade left him that led them into Thessalia  as it is said and went to Brutus  The other one  Cn  Domitius in Macedonia took away from the lieutenant of Syria   Cicero  Philippic","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5169,"EventTxt":"Brutus heard that Antony would immediately march to the forces which Gabinius had at Dyrrachium and Apollonia and wanted to prevent this  He quickly journeyed through rough ways and much snow  He outdistanced those who brought his provisions  As he came near to Dyrrachium because of the labour and cold  he was taken with a bulimia  This is a disease that affects those who are worn out going through the snow and the cold  When this was known  the soldiers left the guard and came running with food for him  Brutus behaved kindly to all for this courtesy when he was taken to the town   Plutarch  in Brutus  Q  Vatinius  who commanded in Illyrium which was close by  came from there and had captured Dyrrachium previously  He was an adversary to Brutus throughout all the civil war  He was condemned by his soldiers  because of Brutus  sickness  They went to Brutus and Vatinius opened the gates to him and turned over his army to him   Dio        p       Cicero  Philippic       Livy","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5170,"EventTxt":"When a short way was available for Dolabella to go into Syria  he invaded Asia which was another man s province and was unprepared for war  He sent M  Octavian  a poor senator  with a legion and wasted the countries and attacked their cities   Cicero  Philippic","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5171,"EventTxt":"Neither Pergamos nor Smyrna would receive him into their cities but they made available to him a market place outside the city in respect to his office as consul  When he in a passion had in vain attacked Smyrna  Trebonius the proconsul of Asia  who fortified the cities as a refuge for Brutus and Cassius  promised that he would let him into Ephesus  He ordered his soldiers to immediately follow the consul there   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5172,"EventTxt":"After this  there were friendly conferences with Trebonius  However  this was but false tokens of great kindness in pretended love   Cicero  Philippic      By this  Trebonius was deceived  so that he promised Dolabella all courtesies  He made provision for his soldiers and lived together with them without any fear   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5173,"EventTxt":"In Egypt  the young Ptolemy who was   years old  was poisoned by his wife and sister Cleopatra in the fourth year of his reign  This was the eighth year of his sister s reign from the death of their father  Auletes   Josephus  Antiq         c       Porphyr  in Grec  Euseb  Scaliger  p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5174,"EventTxt":"After Mark Antony  the consul  had returned from Brundusium to Rome  he ordered the senate to meet eight days   th calends  before December  When they failed to meet on that day  he deferred it until   days before   th calends  December and then ordered them to meet in the capitol   Cicero  Philippic","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5175,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Antony s Macedonian legions  rebelled as they were going into Cisalpine Gaul and condemned the lieutenant that commanded them  Many of them defected to Caesar   Dio       p      All the Martian legion took away their colours and came to him and stayed at Asia  The fourth legion rebelled against L  Egnatuleius  the quaestor and their commander and defected to Caesar also   Dio       p       Cicero  Philippic                 Letters to his Friends        epist       Livy       Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p      Caesar received them and gave them money as he had previously done and so drew many to his side  He also got all of Antony s elephants by chance as they were being driven along   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5176,"EventTxt":"When Antony was going into the senate in the capitol on the appointed day to complain of Caesar s actions  at the very entrance of the court he received news of the revolt of the legions  He was terrified and dared not speak a word in the senate concerning Caesar  He had planned to propose to the senate and one that had been consul brought a sentence written by which he would account Caesar as an enemy   Cicero  Philippic             Appian        p      On the very same day at evening  the lots were cast for the provinces for the next year among the friends of Antony so that everyone would have a province which was most suitable to Antony   Cicero  Philippic","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5177,"EventTxt":"He went to Alba to see if he could bring the soldiers of the Martian legion who were quartered there  to obey him again  When they shot at him from the walls  he sent   denarii for each man in the rest of the legions  With what forces he had around him  he marched in warlike array to Tibur and then to Ariminum in the entrance to Cisalpine Gaul  He had three Macedonian legions with him   for the rest were now come  and one of the old soldiers with the auxiliaries that wanted to follow them in addition to the praetorians and young soldiers   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5178,"EventTxt":"Antony besieged Decimus Brutus in Mutina because he would not leave Cisalpine Gaul since it was his province   Appian        p         Caesar Octavian sent help to him even though he was one of Caesar s murderers  However politics makes strange bedfellows   Dio        p       Octavian had those two valiant legions of Macedonia that came to him and one of new soldiers and two other legions of veterans  They were not at full strength so he added the young soldiers into their ranks  When the army would have made him propraetor  he refused the honour they offered him  However  he hired the mercenaries by a gift and gave to every man of the two Macedonian legions  that fought before him    denarii for each man  He promised     more to the conquerors if there should be any need of a battle   Appian        p         Cicero referred to this   Cicero  Philippic      vv The veterans who followed the authority of Caesar first repressed the attacks of Antony  Later the Martian legion abated his fury and the fourth legion routed him","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5179,"EventTxt":"At Rome a senate was convened   days before January   th calends  when neither of the consuls were present  Antony had sent Dolabella ahead into Macedonia while he besieged Murina  On this day  Cicero   Cicero  Philippic      persuaded the senate that the things that Octavian had done against Antony should be confirmed and praises and rewards should be given to the rebels  the Martian legion  the fourth and to the veterans that had defected to Octavian  Also Cicero purposed that Decimus Brutus and all the rest  without taking any notice of the allocation of provinces which Antony had made by lots  should retain their provinces and turn them over to no one without a decree from the senate  The senate passed this decree  Cicero called the people together and told them what was done in the senate   Cicero  Philippic           init  Letters to his Friends        epist            epist       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-44,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4670,"Dating":"3961a AM, 4670 JP, 44 BC"}
{"Index":5180,"EventTxt":"On the first of January  when Hirtius and Pausa began their consulship  Cicero  Cicero  Philippic       made a speech to the senate and persuaded them to make war on Antony and that honours should be decreed to them that defended the state against him  The next day the senate gave Caesar Octavian an extraordinary command  as Cicero calls it   Cicero  Philippic      with consular authority and lictors and the ensigns of a praetor  He and the consuls should go to the help of Decimus Brutus against Antony  Further  he should tell the quaestors and the former consuls that he should have authority to hold the consulship for ten years before the law was passed allowing this  The senate also honoured him with a gold statue of him on horseback  It was placed in the rostrum and had his age on the inscription  By the same decree  all the money that he had given to the soldiers  he was recompensed from the public treasury   Although he did it as a private citizen yet it was for the service of the state   The gift that he had promised to give to the two Macedonian legions after the victory should be given to them in the name of the state  Also those legions and the other soldiers that were hired by Caesar  should be exempt from military service as soon as the war was ended and have lands divided among them   Cicero  Philippic      ad Brutus epist       Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c       Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p          Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5181,"EventTxt":"The office of propraetor was granted by the senate to Caesar Octavian  which he would not accept and was formerly offered to him by the army  Also he should have the same power in managing the war as the consuls had  However  there was a secret order given to the consuls that they should take away from him the two Macedonian legions which were most fit to do service  For this was the intent of their plan  When Antony was defeated  Caesar weakened and all the side of Caesar removed  then Pompey s side should be again restored to the government of the state  When Pansa  the consul  was on his deathbed  he told this to Octavian   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5182,"EventTxt":"When Octavian found what things had been decreed  he accepted the honours with great joy  He was more overjoyed because the same day he had assumed the office of praetor  he made a sacrifice  In this the livers of twelve of the sacrifices appeared double or folded inwards from the lowest fillets  This meant that within the year his command should be doubled  However  he was displeased that ambassadors were sent to Antony and that the consuls did not prosecute the war seriously under the excuse that it was winter  Thereupon he was compelled to spend all the winter at Forum Cornells   Dio        p       Julius Obsequens  de prodigiis   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5183,"EventTxt":"Caius Trebonius was the first of all Caesar s murderers that was punished  He governed Asia by a consular power and was killed at Smyrna by the treachery of Dolabella  Trebonius was most ungrateful for the honours Caesar gave him and was one that helped murder him  By sham  he was advanced to the height of the consular dignity   Cicero  Philippic           Strabo        p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p              p       Dio        p       Orosius        c      Dolabella entered Smyrna at night and took the proconsul  After he had upbraided him in words  he turned the proconsul over to the banished man  Samiarius  After he had questioned him about the public money  he tortured him by imprisonment and scourgings and by the strappado   A form of punishment or of torture to extort confession in which the victim s hands were tied across his back and secured to a pulley  He was then hoisted from the ground and let down half way with a jerk   After two days of this  he commanded him to be beheaded and his head to be carried on a spear  The rest of his body was to be dragged and torn and cast into the sea  Cicero s account  Cicero  Philippic         is more accurate than that of Appian who stated that this murder was committed by the command of Dolabella when he entered into Asia and was now consul","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5184,"EventTxt":"Dio wrote that he cast his head before the statue of Caesar  Appian stated that it was ordered to be laid in the praetorian chair where Trebonius dispensed justice from  However  the soldiers and the drudges were angry with him as a partner of the conspiracy and because he detained Antony in a conversation before the doors of the court while Caesar was killed  The soldiers in various ways abused the other part of his body  They made a football of his head in a place that was paved with stones  They so marred the head that no sign of the face remained  Strabo affirmed that there were many parts of the city of Smyrna that were overthrown by Dolabella","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5185,"EventTxt":"After Asia was seized by Dolabella  P  Lentulus  the extraordinary quaestor  quickly sent a large amount of money to Cassius to help him seize Syria  Lentulus went into the next province of Macedonia to Brutus and tried with his help to recover the province of Asia and its tributes  He stated this in two letters  One was sent publicly to the senate and the other privately to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist           He told Cicero that he did not see his son because he had gone into the winter quarters with the cavalry","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5186,"EventTxt":"Dolabella carried on most cruelly in the province of Asia   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist        with those that were sent forth by the Germans  He took away the Roman tributes and taxed and vexed the Roman citizens   P  Lentulus in Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He burdened the cities with new exactions of tributes and hired a navy of the Lucians  Pamphilians  Cilicians by the means of L  Figulus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5187,"EventTxt":"The Rhodians were concerned about the lands that they had on the continent   as they said themselves   They sent two embassies to Dolabella to protest his actions because they were against their laws  and the magistrates had forbidden it        P  Lentulus in Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      Brutus wrote that Dolabella was excluded by the Rhodians        Cicero  ad Brutus  epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5188,"EventTxt":"Aulus Allienus  the lieutenant of Dolabella  went to him after the death of Trebonius   Cicero  Philippic         He sent Aulus to Egypt to Queen Cleopatra who favoured him for the acquaintance he had with the former Caesar  She sent four legions to him by Allienus  These were the remainder of the troops after the defeat of Pompey and Crassus  That is the number of those that remained with Cleopatra after Caesar left  She had a navy also ready to help him which could not yet sail because of the contrary winds   Appian        p            p              p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5189,"EventTxt":"Cicero made a speech about Bassus   Cicero  Philippic     vv as the valiant and victorious army of Q  Cacilius Bassus  a private citizen  but valiant and famous man had prevailed for sometime in Syria","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5190,"EventTxt":"Q  Marcius  not  as in Appian  Minutius  Crispus the proconsul   as Cicero calls him   Cicero  in Philippic  th    solicited help from Statius Marcus who was in Bithynia   He governed by the decree of Julius Caesar and the approval of the senate  Although Cimber tried to govern this province this year also  by the right of Antony s lottery   Marcus arrived with three regiments of his own and three from Murcus  troops  He besieged the two regiments of Bassus  called by Strabo tanmata  by Appian tilh  for it is obvious from Cassius  letters to Cicero  that they made only one legion   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist          Bassus so stoutly withstood the siege of the two Roman armies that he was not subdued until he obtained the conditions he wanted  Then he surrendered   Strabo        p     fin   When C  Cassius had come with his forces  he was called there by the consent of Murcus Marcius and the army  as Brutus relates in his letters to Cicero   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist      Bassus would not turn his army over to Murcus  Unless the soldiers had sent messengers to Cassius  Bassus held Apamea without his consent until it had been taken by assault  as Cassius himself wrote to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5191,"EventTxt":"Cassius raised the siege before Apamea  Bassus and Murcus were reconciled  Cassius won over to his side those two troops that were besieged and six others that besieged them  Cassius assumed the ensigns of a general and commanded them by proconsular power   Velleius Paterculus        c       Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c       Appian  ut supra   Dio         p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5192,"EventTxt":"From this time he assumed the title of proconsul  as appeared on the inscriptions of his letters to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist         Cicero  in his letters to him did not give him that title  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist               because the senate had not yet given him that title  However  Appian thinks otherwise   Appian        p            p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5193,"EventTxt":"When Cassius had settled all these forces in his camp  there fell suddenly a mighty rain and torrents rushed through every part of the camp and greatly disorganised everything  Some thought this was an omen about his sudden rise to power and a little later  his sudden overthrow   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5194,"EventTxt":"When Cassius was strengthened with these forces  he immediately subdued all the cities of Syria  He was able to subdue some of those cities by his prestige and position as the quaestor   Dio        p          He went to the cities and took arms and soldiers and exacted very heavy taxes from them   Josephus  Antiq         c      Livy wrote that he invaded Syria with three armies which were in that province   Livy         Velleius Paterculus stated that he brought them under his control with the legions in that country   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5195,"EventTxt":"Marcus Brutus undertook an expedition against C  Antony  who kept Apollonia with seven cohorts  Brutus sent public letters to Rome concerning the things that he had done in Greece and Macedonia which were read in the senate by the consul Pausa  In a speech made by Cicero  Cicero  Philippic     the senate passed a decree that Brutus should retain Macedonia  Illyricum  and all Greece  as proconsul   Cicero  Philippic      Appian        p            p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5196,"EventTxt":"The body of Trebonius was brought to Rome  When the senate saw how disgracefully is was treated  they declared Dolabella to be an enemy of the state   Cicero  Philippic       Livy          Appian        p       Orosius        c      A day was appointed for those on his side to leave him otherwise they would be deemed enemies also   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5197,"EventTxt":"The next day the senate debated about the choice of a general to prosecute the war against Dolabella  L  Caesar thought that this war should be committed to P  Servilius contrary to the normal procedure  Others thought that the consuls should cast lots for Asia and Syria to determine who would fight against Dolabella  Cicero  Cicero  Philippic     in a speech railed fiercely against Dolabella   Previously  he was Cicero s son in law  but shortly after he left Italy they had a great falling out   Cicero persuaded the senators that this war should be committed to P  Cassius  Scaliger is not correct in his notes on Eusebius  at the number MDCCCLXXIII  about the decree of the senate concerning the command for Cassius  He thought Cicero s opinion did not prevail and that Pansa  the consul  stoutly opposed it  However  Cicero himself is witness in his letters to Cassius about this  Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      and added the following about himself  VV I promised and also performed it that you had not expected nor should not expect our decrees except that you yourself should defend the commonwealth  Although as of yet we heard nothing  either where you were or what forces you had  yet my opinion was that all the auxiliaries and forces which were in those parts should be under your command  I was confident that the province of Asia should be recovered by you to the commonwealth","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5198,"EventTxt":"When it was not known at Rome that Cassius had control of Syria  the war against Dolabella was committed to the consuls if the present war against Antony should come to an end  The governors of the neighbouring countries were told not to help Dolabella   Dio        p      By the consul s consent  the government of Asia was confirmed to P  Lentulus Spinther  who now governed them under the title of proquaester and propraetor  This may be seen in his letters to Cicero written after the death of Pansa and Hirtius   He did not know of their deaths at that time","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5199,"EventTxt":"This decree against Dolabella was passed and letters were received from Antony to Hirtius  the consul and Caesar  the propraetor  These are given and refuted by Cicero   Cicero  Philippic      Antony to Hirtius and Caesar  vv When I knew of the death of C  Trebonius  I rejoiced not so much as I grieved  Such a wicked person received due vengeance and thereby made recompence to the remains of that illustrious hero  The just wrath of heaven was shown so partly before the year s end","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5200,"EventTxt":"From this we deduce that Trebonius was killed shortly before the ides of March which followed immediately after the murder of Caesar   vv or that now the wrath of the gods on the parricide is executed or impending  is a reason for joy  The fact that Dolabella is judged an enemy for killing a common murderer and that the son of a parasite  Trebonius  should be held more dear to the people of Rome  than C  Caesar  the very father of our country  is no less to be lamented  Well Aulus Hirtius  it is an enigma that you  who by the very benefits of Caesar attained your honour and were left so well by him that you yourself must needs wonder to whom you owe whatever accomplishment you have done  would act so that as to procure Dolabella to be condemned  that that prisoner should be freed from the siege  and that Brutus and Cassius should grow most powerful  In the same manner do you handle these affairs as you did the former  You call the tents of Pompey  the senate  you accounted Cicero  general even when he was conquered  you fortified Macedonia with armies  committed Africa to Varus  who was twice taken  sent Cassius into Syria  allowed Caesar to enjoy the tribuneship  took the Julian revenues from the Lupercalian officers  abolished the colonies of the veterans  You deduced by law and the decree of the senate and promised to restore to the Mussilienses what you had taken from them by the force of arms  You have forgotten that by the Hirtian Law  no one on Pompey s side that lived should bear any office of dignity  You bribed Brutus with the money of Apuleia  You praised Patus and Menedrusus who were punished with the axe after a city was given to them and who were guests of Caesar  You neglected Theopompus who was destitute and forced to flee from Trebonius into Alexandria  You saw Serpius Galba surrounded in his camp by the same swordbearer  You have contracted either mine or the veteran soldiers to punish those who had killed Caesar  Before they were aware  you had brought them into danger of the quaestor or emperor or their own fellow soldiers  In summary what have you not approved or done  What could Pompey himself do if he were alive or his son if he could be at home  Last of all  you deny that a peace can be made unless I either send Brutus or furnish you with grain  What  Does this please those veterans who have all things entirely because you come with flattering and venomous gifts  You aid the besieged soldiers  I will let them go where they please  so they will deliver him to execution who deserves it  You say a peace was decreed in the senate and write that five consular delegates were appointed  It is difficult for me to believe that those who would have precipitated me when I brought in conditions of the highest equity and yet thinking to remit something of them too  will act in anything either moderately or fairly  It is scarce likely that those who condemned Dolabella for justice  as a crime  would spare us who are of the same opinion  Therefore rather consider whether it be better and more profitable to both sides to prosecute the death of Caesar or Trebonius  See whether it be more fair that we combine that so it may be more easy for us to revive the cause of Pompey that has been so often quashed or to agree lest we become a Ludibrium to our enemies  to whomever prevail  our quarrel will be again  A spectacle that fortune has avoided to see two armies of one body fight  Cicero being the fencer   Cicero is so skilled in speaking that he will deceive you in the very same way in which Caesar s gold is gloried  For my part  I am resolved neither to bear my own  nor my soldiers  and friends  disgrace  Nor will I forsake that side that Pompey hated  nor to allow the veterans to be moved from their colonies  nor to be drawn one by one to execution  nor to betray Plaucus  the partner in our counsels  If the immortal gods  as I hope they will  shall assist me with my right wits  I will live free  But if other fortune is allotted me  I foretell to you the joy of your own punishments  For if the side of Pompey which is now being conquered  is so insolent  what you shall experience what they will become conquerors  To close  the sum of my opinion is this  I could be content to endure the injuries to me and my side if they would but forget they were done  or were prepared together with us  to revenge Caesar s death  I do not believe that any ambassadors will come  Where the war comes  and  when it comes  what it will require  I would joyfully know","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5201,"EventTxt":"When the ambassadors who were sent from the senate to Antony to make peace  they were unable to reach an agreement  The whole city of Rome  even those that did not go to the war  put on their soldier s uniforms and made a general muster through all Italy  The armies of A  Hirtius and Caius Caesar  the propraetor  were sent against Antony   Cicero  Philippic             Livy           Appian        p       Dio        p         From the start of this campaign against M  Antony  Eusebius and Cassiodorus derive the start of the government of Caesar Octavian  They assign for it    years and   months","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5202,"EventTxt":"Caius Antony was defeated at a battle which was fought by the Byllis River  by Cicero s son  a captain of Brutus  A little later his soldiers surrendered Antony and themselves to Brutus  For a long time  Brutus very honourably entertained Antony even so much that he did not take from him the ensigns of his office   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5203,"EventTxt":"M  Brutus received three legions from Illyricum from Vatinius whom by a decree of the senate  he succeeded in the province of Illyricum  Brutus also received one that he took from Antony in Macedonia and four others  which he had gathered  In all  he had eight legions and in them many of C  Caesar s old veterans  Moreover  he had a large number of cavalry  lightly armed men and archers  He praised the Macedonians and trained them after the Italian manner   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5204,"EventTxt":"As Brutus was gathering soldiers and money  he had some good fortune in Thracia  Polemocratia  the wife of a certain king who was killed by his enemies  was afraid lest some harm should come to her son  She went to Brutus and commended her son to him and gave her husband s treasure to him  He committed the lad to the Cyzicenians to be raised until he had time to restore him to his father s kingdom  In these treasures  he found a large quantity of gold and silver  which he coined   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5205,"EventTxt":"After C  Cassius had seized Syria  he travelled toward Judea because he heard that the soldiers that were left in Egypt by Caesar were coming there  He won these troops and the Jews easily to his side   Dio        p      He surrounded Palestina Allienus  the lieutenant of Dolabella  as he returned from Egypt with four Legions before he was aware of him  He forced Allienus to take his side since Allienus did not dare to oppose his eight legions with the four he had  Hence  Cassius controlled   legions in all  This was more than he hoped for  As well as  he had some Parthian cavalry who were archers  He was held in high esteem with the Parthians ever since the time that he was the quaestor for Crassus and they thought him to be wiser than Crassus   Appian        p            p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5206,"EventTxt":"As soon as he had received these forces that A  Allienus had brought from Egypt  Cassius wrote these letters to Cicero concerning these forces   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist          This letter was dated on the  th  nones  of March  from the camp at Tarichaea in Galilee  C  Casius Proconsul  sends hearty commendations to M  Tullius Cicero  vv If you are in good health  it is well  I indeed am in good health  Know that I am come into Syria to the generals  L  Murcus and Q  Crispus  both are valiant men and good citizens  As soon as they heard what things happened at Rome  they turned over their forces to me  They  together with me  govern the state with a constant resolution  Know also that the legion that Q  Cacilius Bassus had  came to me  Know also that the four legions that A  Allienus brought from Egypt  were turned over to me by him  I do not think that you need any encouragement to defend both us who are absent and the state  as much as lies in your power  I would have you know that there is not lacking for you and the senate strong help that you may defend the state with great hopes and a constant mind  Other things  L  Cartcius my close friend shall deal with you  Farewell  Date  the Nones of March  from the camp at Tarishea","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5207,"EventTxt":"After these things  Cassius dismissed Bassus  Crispus and the rest that would not serve under him  He did not harm them in any way  He left Statius Murcus with his office that he had originally and committed the charge of his navy to him  Thus Dio stated   Dio        p      Although it appears from Cassius  own letters to Cicero that Crispus was firmly loyal to him   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5208,"EventTxt":"Cassius exacted   talents of silver from Judea  not of gold  as it is read in the  th chapter of the Jewish Histories  as recorded in Arabic  by the Parisiens  in the Bible of many languages   When Antipater saw his state was in trouble  he feared Cassius  threats  Antipater appointed two of his sons to gather part of the money  Malichus  a Jew who was his enemy  to gather another part and some others to gather the rest  Herod brought first of all   talents from Galilee  which he governed  and was greatly favoured by Cassius  It was considered a good policy even then  to win the favour of the Romans at the expense of other men  Under the other governors  the cities were put up for sale along with their inhabitants  The four main cities were Gopha  Emmaus  Lydda  and Thamma  Cassius sold the common people of these cities into slavery  Cassius was also so greatly enraged so that he was about to put Malichus to death  but Hyrcanus sent   talents by Antipater and appeased his fury    Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5209,"EventTxt":"Caesar Octavian finished the war against Antony that was committed to him  in three months   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      The war was so well managed by him about Mutina that when as he was only twenty years old  Decimus Brutus was freed from the seige and Antony was forced to leave Italy by a dishonourable flight and without his baggage    Velleius Paterculus        c      Cicero described the battle in his writings   Cicero  Philippics     Ser  Galba  who was in the battle  in the beginning of his letters to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      stated that the battle was fought   days before May   th calends   So that from the third day after the victory of Mutina  they seem to start the time of Caesar Octavian  They reckon it to be   years  four months  and one day  This may be seen in Theophilus Antiochenus  in his book to Autolycus and Clement Alexandria   Clement        Stromatum  if the errors of his printer are corrected who wrote   for","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5210,"EventTxt":"A  Hirtius  the consul  the writer of the Alexandrian and African war  that was fought by Julius Caesar  died in the battle  The other consul Pansa died from his wounds a little later   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist       Dio        p       Brutus  ibid        epist       Livy         Velleius Paterculus        c     c  Tibullus assigns this date the birthday in a poem   Tibullus        Elegic     Ovid in  Tristium        Elegic     wrote  vv When both the consuls fell with the same fate","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5211,"EventTxt":"Both the armies of the slain consuls obeyed Caesar   Eutropius          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5212,"EventTxt":"The senate was very ungrateful to Caesar  who alone survived of the three generals  In a triumph that was decreed to Decimus Brutus  for being freed from the siege at Mutina by Caesar  the senate made no special mention of Caesar and his army   Livy          Velleius  Paterculus        c      The ambassadors who were freed  were sent to the army and were ordered to speak to the soldiers when Octavian was out of the way  The army was not so ungrateful as the senate was  When Caesar bore this wrong quietly  the soldiers said they would not obey any commands unless their general was present  Without a doubt  they would have taken the legions from Octavian which he had except that they were afraid publicly to decree this  They knew very well the loyalty and love the soldiers had toward Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5213,"EventTxt":"The Tarsenses  of their own accord  called Dolabella into Cilicia  as did those of Laodicea into Syria        Cassius Parmensis  ad Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5214,"EventTxt":"When Dolabella was about to leave Asia  he sent five cohorts into Chersonesus  Brutus easily captured these because he had five legions  very good cavalry and numerous auxiliaries   Cicero  ad Brutum  epist      dated   or   days before    or   calends  May   Dolabella left Asia by land with two legions and Lucius Figulus followed him with the navy    Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5215,"EventTxt":"Four days before   th calends  of May  the senate debated making war on them that were considered enemies of the state  Servilius  a tribune of the people  thought that Cassius should make war on Dolabella  Caesar agreed and decreed that M  Brutus also should pursue Dolabella  if he thought it profitable and for the good of the state  Brutus should do what he thought was best for the state  Nothing was decreed about Cassius neither as yet were there any letters come to Rome from him   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist       Cassius showed the reasons for the delay in his letters to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5216,"EventTxt":"Dolabella went into Cilicia and Tarsus freely yielded to him  He defeated some forces of Cassius that were in Egae   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5217,"EventTxt":"Cassius was then in Palestine  Dio        p      from where he wrote his second letter to Cicero  dated the  th  nones  of May from the camp   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He described the state of his affairs like this  VV I have all the armies that were in Syria  I made some delay  while I paid the soldiers those things I promised them  but now I have nothing to hinder me","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5218,"EventTxt":"He then exhorted Cicero that he would defend the dignity of his soldiers and of the generals  Murcus and Crispus  He added  VV I have heard by letters that were written that Dolabella was come into Cilicia with all his forces  I will go into Cilicia  Whatever I shall do  I will do my best to give you speedy notice of it  I willingly wish that we may deserve health of the state and so we shall be happy","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5219,"EventTxt":"As soon as Cassius left Judea  Malichus plotted Antipater s death  He thought that by his death  Hyrcanus  government would be more secure  When Antipater found out about the plot  he went beyond Jordan and gathered an army from the inhabitants there and from the Arabians  Malichus was an astute politician and denied that he intended any treason and swore before Antipater and his sons that no such thing ever entered his mind  This was especially true since Phasaclus had a garrison in Jerusalem and Herod had the army at his command  So he was reconciled to Antipater  Murcus  the governor of Syria wanted to execute him but Antipater spared his life  Later Murcus found out that Malichus was going around to create a rebellion against Rome in Judea   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5220,"EventTxt":"When Cassius and Murcus had gathered an army  they made Herod governor of all Coelosyria  They gave him large forces of foot soldiers  cavalry  and naval ships  They promised him the kingdom of Judea after the war was ended that they had against Antony and the young Caesar   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5221,"EventTxt":"Cassius made many tyrants in Syria  Marion also the tyrant of the Tyrians was left by Cassius and he ruled in Syria  Marion put out the garrisons that were there and captured three citadels in Galilee that were next to Syria   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5222,"EventTxt":"A certain Cytheraean wrote to Satrius  the lieutenant of C  Trebonius  that Dolabella was killed by Tullius and Dejotarus and that his army was routed  This Greek letter about this matter was sent by Brutus to Cicero  sixteen days before   th calends  June   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist       This turned out to be false","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5223,"EventTxt":"Dolabella left Asia and went through Cilicia into Syria  He was refused entry into Antioch by the garrison that defended the city   Dio        p      He tried many times to enter by force but was always repulsed with the loss of men  After he had lost about an hundred men  he left behind him many sick and he fled by night from Antioch toward Laodicea  That night almost all the soldiers that he had enrolled in Asia  left him  Some returned to Antioch and surrendered to those whom Callius had left there to control the city  Some went down the hill Amanus into Cilicia  Of these  thirty came into Pamphilia  They were told that Cassius  with all his forces  was only four day s journey away just at the time when Dolabella was arriving there   P  Lentulus  ad Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5224,"EventTxt":"Dolabella had intelligence about Cassius  forces  and he came to Laodicea  a city that was friendly to him  It was located on a peninsula and faced toward the continent  It was well fortified and had a good harbour facing the sea  It was very convenient for bringing in provisions and also very opportune for sailing out when and where they pleased   Appian        p      He did not take this city by assault because the citizens truly surrendered themselves to him for the love they had to the former Caesar   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5225,"EventTxt":"At Jerusalem  when Antipater feasted at Hyrcanus  house  Malichus bribed the king s butler and poisoned Antipater  He gathered a band of soldiers and seized the government of the city  Phasaelus and Herod were very angry and Malichus firmly denied all things  Herod planned to soon revenge his father s death and to raise an army for that purpose  However  Phasaelus thought it better to defeat Malichus by craft lest Herod should start a civil war  Phasaelus therefore accepted Malichus  defence and pretended to believe him that Malichus was not involved in his father s death  Malichus built a splendid monument for Antipater   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5226,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile  Herod went to Samaria and found it in a desperate situation  He restored order and subdued the dissentions that were among the inhabitants  Not long after this when the feast of Pentecost was approaching  he came into the city of Jerusalem with soldiers  Malichus was afraid and persuaded Hyrcanus not to allow him to enter  Hyrcanus did this under the pretence that among the holy people  it was not lawful to bring in a mixed multitude of profane men  Herod discounted this excuse and entered the city by night  This greatly terrified Malichus  Thereupon  according to his hypocrisy he publicly bewailed with tears the death of Antipater as his great friend  Therefore it was thought good by Herod s friends to take no notice of this hypocrisy but courteously again to entertain Malichus  Herod sent letters to Cassius notifying him of Antipater s death  Cassius knew all too well what kind of man Malichus was and wrote back to Herod that he might revenge his father s death  He secretly ordered the tribunes that were at Tyre  that they should help Herod in doing this   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5227,"EventTxt":"In Gaul  three days before   th calends  June  M  Lepidus allied himself with M  Antony   Plancus ad Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5228,"EventTxt":"When D  Lentulus  the proquestor of Asia and propraetor extraordinary  saw that Brutus was slow getting into Asia and that Dolabella had left Asia  he thought it best to return as soon as he could from Macedonia to his office  Then he would be able to collect the tribute that was owing and gather up the money that he had left there and send it to Rome  In the meanwhile  as he was sailing about the islands  it was told him that the navy of Dolabella was in Cilicia   or Lycia  and that the Rhodians had furnished him many ships and already were launched  Therefore he  with those ships that he had or which Patiscus  the ordinary Praetor of Asia had provided  returned to Rhodes  He relied on the decree of the senate by which Dolabella was counted as an enemy and to the league that was renewed with the Rhodians  The Rhodians would not strengthen the proque star s with their ships  The soldiers were forbidden to come into the city or the port or Rhodes  They were prevented from getting any provisions or even fresh water  Even he had a difficult time getting into the city with his ship  When Lentulus was brought into their city and the elders  he could obtain nothing from them  He complained of this in public letters he sent to the senate and in the private ones he sent to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5229,"EventTxt":"While Lentulus and Patiscus were detained at Rhodes  Sex  Marius  and C  Titius  the lieutenants of Dolabella found out about their coming and soon fled in a galley from the navy from Cilicia   or Lycia   They left their cargo ships which they had spent much time gathering  There were more than an hundred cargo ships and the smallest could carry   tons  Dolabella had provided them for this purpose  If his hopes in Syria and Egypt were frustrated  then he might use these ships to transport all his soldiers and all his money and go directly into Italy  He would ally himself with the two Antonys that were relatives  Therefore Lentulus and Patiscus came there from Rhodes with the ships that they had  They captured all those cargo ships and restored them to their rightful owners  From there  they pursued the navy that fled as far as Sida  the remotest country of the province of Asia  They knew that some of Dolabella s fleet had fled there and that the rest had sailed into Syria and Cyprus   or Egypt   These were scattered  When Lentulus heard that Cassius had a very large fleet that was prepared in Syria  he returned to his office   P  Lentulus  ut supra","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5230,"EventTxt":"However  Patiscus and Cassius Parmensis assembled a fleet from the sea coast of the province of Asia and from all the islands they could get ships from  They soon had sailers although the cities were very uncooperative  They pursued the fleet of Dolabella which Lucilius commanded  They encouraged them in the hope that Lucilius would surrender and they sailed as fast as they could  Finally  Lucilius came to Corycus in Pamphilia and burned the harbour and stayed there  Therefore they left Corycus and thought it best to go to Cassius  camp  Another fleet that Tullius Cimber had assembled the previous year in Bithynia under the command of Turulius  the quaestor was following them and so they came to Cyprus        Cassius Parmensis ad Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5231,"EventTxt":"Cicero received letters about the affairs of Dolabella and of his arrival into the city of Laodicea  There are extant two letters written to Cicero   Cicero  Letters to his Friends         That is the fourteenth from P  Lentulus from Pamphylia on the  nd   th of nones  of June  This was not three days before June    th of calends  as appears from the following letter to the senate  It refers us to the one which was dated at Perga  and the thirteenth that was later sent from Cassius on the  th  ides  of June from Cyprus  In the first letter  Cassius tells of the trouble that Dolabella was in after he entered Laodicea  VV I hope I shall quickly bring him to punishment  for neither has he any place to flee to  nor can he resist so great an army as Cassius has","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5232,"EventTxt":"The other letter was from Cassius  if I be not mistaken  Parmensis  who was also one of the murderers of Julius Caesar  He wrote that taunting letter to Octavian  as mentioned by Suetonius  Suetonius  in Octavian  c      and was not from Cassius Longinus  who then held the office of proconsul of Syria of whom he also mentioned at the end of this letter  From him we have a more accurate description of Dolabella s camp  vv The Tarsenses are very bad allies and the citizens of Laodicea  much more mad  Of their own accord they sent for Dolabella  He had gotten a number of Greek soldiers from both cities and made a kind of an army  He has placed his camp before the city of Laodicea and has broken down part of the wall  He has joined his camp to the town  Our Cassius with ten legions  twenty companies of auxiliaries and   cavalry has his camp at Palium within twenty miles  He thinks he may defeat him without once striking a stroke for wheat is now selling for three tetradrachmas in Dolabella s camp  Unless he has gotten some supplies by the ships of Laodicea  he must shortly perish from famine  He cannot supply himself because of the large navy which Cassius has under the command of Quintilius Rufus  Those ships that I  Turulius  and Patiscus have brought  will easily assist him","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5233,"EventTxt":"Dolabella had been at Laodicea some time in good estate  His navy had followed him quickly from Asia       He went to the Aradians to receive from them money and shipping  He was surprised by a few soldiers and was in extreme danger  As he fled  he met the army of Cassius and was defeated  He retired to Laodicea   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5234,"EventTxt":"Cassius feared that Dolabella might escape from there and raised a rampart a quarter mile long across the isthmus  It was made with stones and materials brought from the villages that were outside the city and from the sepulchres  He sent messengers to request ships from Phoenicia  Lycia and Rhodes  They were slighted by all of them except the Sidonians  He engaged in a naval battle with Dolabella in which  after the loss of many ships on both sides  five together with all the sailors were taken by Dolabella    Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5235,"EventTxt":"Again  Cassius sent messengers to those that had slighted his first commands and to Cleopatra  the queen of Egypt and to Serapion who commanded her forces in Cyprus  The tyrants and Aradians and Serapion  without the queen s advice  sent as many ships as they had  The queen excused herself and said that the Egyptians were troubled with famine and pestilence and so sent no ships at all   Appian        p      Also the Rhodians denied they would help in anything toward the civil wars  They said that even those ships that they had given to Dolabella  were only to transport him and they did not know if he used them for war or not   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5236,"EventTxt":"The Tarsenses tried to keep Tullius Cimber  who was also one of Caesar s murderers  from crossing the Taurus Mountains as he was hurrying to help Cassius  They through fear that Cimber had large forces with him  left the passes and made an agreement with him  Later when they knew the small size of his force  they refused him entrance into their city and did not supply him with provisions  Therefore Cimber thought it better to take his forces to Cassius than to assault Tarsus  He built a fort against them and returned into Syria  When the Tarsenses went there with soldiers they seized the citadel and attacked the city Adana   It was close to them and they always had a controversy with it because they said they favoured Cassius  side   When Cassius knew of this  he sent L  Rufus against the Tarsenses   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5237,"EventTxt":"After Cassius had repaired his fleet as best as he could and after Statius Murcus arrived with the navy he had assembled  he had two more naval battles with Dolabella  In the first  there were equal losses on both sides  In the second battle  he was more successful  On land he had finished his rampart  He brought the battery rams to the walls  Dolabella was prevented from getting supplies by land or sea  Lacking supplies  he soon made an attack but was driven back into the town   Dio        p       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5238,"EventTxt":"Cassius was unable to bribe the night watch whom Marsus commanded  He bribed the day watch whom Quintius commanded so that while Marsus slept by day  Cassius got in by some of the smaller gates and the city was taken  Dolabella asked one of his guard to cut his throat and then escape  The guard cut Dolabella s throat then cut his own   Appian        p            p      We read in the first Suasory of M  Seneca that Dellias  or Q  Dellias  the historian   vv was about to go from Dolabella to Cassius to secure for his own safety if he should kill Dolabella","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5239,"EventTxt":"Thus Dolabella was forced to commit suicide by Cassius at Laodicea   Livy          Strabo        p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Dio        p       Orosius        c      Marsus also committed suicide  Appian        p      as did M  Octavian  the lieutenant of Dolabella  Cassius afforded them a proper burial although they cast out Trebonius unburied  Those that had followed the camp  although they were declared enemies at Rome  he both gave them quarter and immunity  He did not punish Laodicea any more than by imposing a sum of money on them   Dio        p      Although Appian says that he plundered both the temples and treasury and exacted very large tribute from the rest  Also that he executed every noble man and so brought that city to a most miserable state   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5240,"EventTxt":"Cassius commanded the army of Dolabella to take the military oath of loyalty to him   Appian        p      Then he went to Tarsus  When he saw that the Tarsenses had already surrendered to Rufus  he fined them in all the private and public money and laid no other punishment on them   Dio        p      He imposed a most heavy tax on them of   talents  Thereupon for lack of money when the soldiers violently tried to collect it  they were forced to sell all their public and sacred ornaments and broke down the sacred and the dedicated things  When this was not enough to pay the sum  the magistrates sold those that were born free  first virgins and boys  Later they sold women and old men which fetched very little  Finally they sold the young men  many of whom killed themselves   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5241,"EventTxt":"After the capture of Laodicea  the governors came from every place and brought crowns and presents to Cassius  Herod expected that Malichus should be here punished for the murder of his father Antipater  However  Malichus suspected this and thought to make the Phoenicians about Tyre to revolt  Since his son was kept in that city as an hostage  he thought to steal him away privately into Judea  While Cassius was preparing for war against Antony  he would stir the Jews to revolt from the Romans and to depose Hyrcanus  and get the kingdom for himself  Herod was a shrewd politician and when he knew of this treachery  he invited both Malichus and Hyrcanus with their companions to supper  At that time he sent out one of his servants under the pretence to provide for the banquet  However  he sent him to the tribunes that they might kill Malichus  The tribunes remembered the orders of Cassius and went out and found him near the city on the shore  They ran him through and killed him  Hyrcanus was so astonished that he fainted  He had barely come to himself when he asked who killed Malichus  One of the tribunes said that it was done by the orders of Cassius  Then Hyrcanus replied  truly Cassius has preserved me and my country  by killing the one who was a traitor to both","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5242,"EventTxt":"In is uncertain whether he spoke from fear or if he approved of the action    Josephus  Wars  c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5243,"EventTxt":"The day before July  M  Lepidus was decreed an enemy of the state because he entertained Antony  Also the rest that had revolted from the state were declared as enemies  The law was to come into effect before the first of September       Thus Cicero wrote to C  Cassius  the relative of Lepidus   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      He added  we had gallantly overcome all had not Lepidus entertained Antony after he was pillaged  disarmed and fleeing  Therefore Antony was never so much hated by the city as Lepidus  He raised war from a state that was in troubles but Lepidus when it was in peace and quiet","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5244,"EventTxt":"In the same letter Cicero showed that he received letters from Cassius  dated from the camp  the  th  nones  of March  Cassius stated he held Syria and that he prepared for his expedition into Cilicia against Dolabella  The news of the success of that expedition and of the defeat of Dolabella had not yet reached Rome  He had written to Caesar of his returning to favour as in like manner Brutus had done to the senate concerning the state of affairs   Dio        p      Brutus  in his letters sent to Caesar  persuaded him to resist Antony and to side with him   Dio        p      However  in his letters to Cicero  Brutus said something quite different for when Cicero had wrote to Caesar  that there was one thing desired and expected from him that he would let those citizens live in quiet whom good men and the people of Rome thought well of","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5245,"EventTxt":"In a rage  Brutus wrote back again to Cicero  What if he will not  shall we not be  It is better not to live  than to live by his means  I  by my loyalty do not think all the gods  to be so averse from the safety of the people of Rome  that Octavian must be intreated for the safety of one private citizen  I will not say for the deliverers of the whole world   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5246,"EventTxt":"When the senate was informed of the affairs of Cassius  it confirmed the government of Syria on him   which he then held  and committed the war against Dolabella to him   which they knew to have been already ended    Dio        p         So all governments beyond the sea were committed to the care of Brutus and Cassius  A decree was issued that all the provinces and armies from the Ionian Sea  to the east  who obeyed the Romans  should be obedient to these two  The senate approved of all the things that they had done and praised those armies that had surrendered to them   Velleius Paterculus     c       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5247,"EventTxt":"Octavian saw that the actions of the senate were obviously to the advantage of Pompey s side and to the detriment of Caesar s  He thought it a disgrace that Decimus Brutus instead of himself  was chosen as general for the war against Antony  He concealed his discontent and he requested a triumph for the victory at Mutina  He was slighted by the senate as though he demanded greater things than were suitable for his age  He feared lest that if Antony should be utterly vanquished  he should be more slighted  He began to have some thoughts of siding with Antony according to the advice which Pansa gave him on his death bed    Appian        p       An agreement with Antony was made by M  Lepidus   Livy          Orosius     c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5248,"EventTxt":"Between these three therefore the alliance for controlling the government started  They started by sending letters among themselves and mentioned how they were treated  Antony warned Caesar  how formidable enemies  Pompey s side were to him and to what an height they had come  Brutus and Cassius were extolled by Cicero  Antony told Caesar that he would join his forces with Brutus and Cassius  who were commanders of   legions  if Caesar refused his alliance  He said moreover that Caesar ought more to revenge the death of his father than he the death of his friend  By the advice and entreaty of the armies  there was an alliance made between Antony and Caesar  The daughter in law of Antony was betrothed to Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c      She was Claudia  the daughter of Fulvia  by a former husband  P  Clodius  and was scarcely of marriageable age   Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5249,"EventTxt":"When the agreement was made with M  Antony  M  Lepidus  then Octavian sent   soldiers to Rome to demand the consulship for him in the name of the army  When the senate began to vacillate  Cornelius  a centurion  the leader of the men that brought the message  thrust his soldier s coat behind him and showed the hilt of his sword  He boldly said before the senate  vv This shall do it  if you will not do it","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5250,"EventTxt":"The senate was compelled by Octavian s soldiers  Octavian went toward Rome with them   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5251,"EventTxt":"While he was on his journey  the praetors placed guards in various places of the city and seized Janiculum with a guard of soldiers they had already in the city and with two legions that had come from Africa  When Octavian entered the city  the praetors came down from Janiculum and surrendered themselves and their soldiers to him  The legions voluntarily gave their ensigns to him   Appian        p          Dio        p      In the month of August  the legions that were brought from Janiculum  followed Octavian as it is in the decree of the senate   Macrobius  Saturnal     I e","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5252,"EventTxt":"On the first day of the choosing of consuls  as Octavian was making an augury in the field of Mars  six vultures appeared to him  When he was selected as consul and spoke to the soldiers from the rostrum  six vultures  some say twelve  appeared again  This was what happened to Remulus in his auguries when he was about to build Rome  Based on this  he hoped that he would found the monarchy   Julius Obsequens  de Prodigiis   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Appian        p       Dio        p       After he was chosen as consul  those with him fled to Quintus Pedius  his colleague  He gave Octavian his portion from the inheritance of Julius Caesar   Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5253,"EventTxt":"Livy said that he was made consul when he was only   years old   Livy         However  Suetonius more correctly wrote that he became the consul in the  th year of his age   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Eutropius  Eutropius         which also Plutarch confirms  Plutarch  in Octavian  in this writing from Brutus  vv his army being planted about the city  he received the consulship  being scarcely come to a man s estate being but twenty years old  as he relates in his own commentaries","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5254,"EventTxt":"Velleius wrote   Valleius Paterculus        c      vv he was made consul  the day before he was twenty years old  nine days   th calends  before October","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5255,"EventTxt":"However  Velleius was mistaken in the day he became consul  For there lacked an whole month and five days before Octavian turned    He was not born in the month of September but he first obtained the consulship in August from whence the month Sextilus was called August as it is shown from Suetonius  Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Dio        p      and from the decree of the senate as recorded by Macrobius   Macrobius  Saturnal     I e","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5256,"EventTxt":"Dio noted that on the  th day of the month of August  he was made consul the first time and that he died the same day   Dio        p      From this observation in Tacitus   Tacitus  Annals        c      arose  vv The same day was the beginning of his acceptance of the empire and the last of his life","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5257,"EventTxt":"His empire is not incorrectly started from this first consulship which he extorted from the senate against their will  as it is in Tacitus   Tacitus  Annals     I e      and laid it down at his own pleasure  Octavian hypocritically thanked the senate and pretended that he accounted it a benefit that those things which he extorted by force as if they were offered to him of their own accord  The senators bragged that they had conferred these things on him of their own accord  Moreover  they gave to him whom they did not think worthy of the consulship  that after his consulship was over  whenever he commanded the army he would have precedence over the consuls  The consuls commanded the other armies to obey him whom they had threatened to punish because he had gathered forces by his own private authority  The senate assigned the legions of Brutus to Octavian to disgrace Brutus and for the repressing of whom the war against Antony was committed to him  In short the custody of the city was given to him and it was granted that he should have power even without any prescription from the law  to do whatever he wanted   Dio        p      He retained this power as long as he lived  for the next   years  There was good reason why Brutus warned Cicero about this   Cicero  ad Brutus  epist      VV I am afraid  lest your Caesar will think himself to have risen so high by your decrees that he will scarcely come down again if he is once made a consul","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5258,"EventTxt":"Octavian was not content with the former adoption made by the last will of Julius Caesar and had it confirmed by a decree of the people  which Antony had prevented the previous year  in a full assembly of their wards  He then assumed by public authority the name of C  Julius Caesar Octavian   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5259,"EventTxt":"Octavian soon passed another law that he absolved Dolabella   whose death was not yet known in Rome   who was declared an enemy by the senate and sentenced to die for the death of Caesar   Appian        p      Octavian did this so that it might be thought that he did nothing by force but by law  Quintus Paedius  his colleague in the consulship  made the law called Paedia which decreed that all those who were involved in the murder of Caesar  would be banished and their goods confiscated   Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c       Suetonius  in Nero  c       Dio        p      He appointed L  Cornificius to accuse M  Brutus and M  Agrippa to accuse C  Cassius  They were absent and were condemned without any hearing of their case   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  Capita  the eunuch of Velleius Paterculus  one of the senatorial order  supported M  Agrippa against C  Cassius   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5260,"EventTxt":"Decimus Brutus  one of the murderers also of Caesar and was absent  was also condemned  By the orders of M  Antony  in the house of a certain guest of his who was a noble man called Camelius  Decimus was killed by Capenus  a Burgundian  a year and an half after the death of Caesar   Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p       Orosius        c      Cicero said Decimus excelled in this kind of virtue   Cicero  Letters to his Friends        epist      vv he never was afraid nor ever disturbed","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5261,"EventTxt":"However  Seneca stated  Seneca  epist      that he showed a cowardly fear when facing death  To encourage him  Helvius Blasio  a man who always loved him because they always were fellow soldiers  killed himself  Decimus witnessed this and was strengthened so he could endure his own death   Dio        p      Camelius sent the head of the dead Brutus to Antony  When he saw it  he gave it to his friends to bury   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5262,"EventTxt":"Trebonius was the next to die for the murder of Caesar  He was the closest friend with the murders and he thought it best to keep those things that he had received from Caesar even though he thought Caesar must die who gave those things to him  While Caesar was alive  Trebonius was the master of the cavalry and commanded the farther Gaul  He was also elected consul by Caesar in the following year after the consulship of Hirtius and Pansa and was also made governor of nearer Gaul   Velleius Paterculus        p       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5263,"EventTxt":"Also at the same time  Minutius Basillus  one of the murderers of Caesar  was killed by his own servants because in his anger he had castrated some of them   Appian        p       Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3961,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3961b AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5264,"EventTxt":"When M  Brutus had appeased the army that was likely to rebel by the instigation of C  Antony at Apollonia along with C  Clodius       Brutus went into the higher Macedonia with the largest and strongest part of his army and from there crossed into Asia  He wanted to take them as far away from Italy as possible so that he could better control the troops  In Asia  he received many auxiliaries including those from Dejotarus  a man that was now very old and who formerly had denied help to C  Cassius   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5265,"EventTxt":"M  Antony and M  Lepidus left their lieutenants in Gaul and went to Caesar in Italy with the largest and best part of the army   Dio        p       When those three armies met at Bononia  an eagle sat on the tent of Caesar and drove off two crows that troubled her to the ground  All the army noted this and thought it portended that a time was coming when there would be a difference arise between the colleagues and that Caesar would get the victory over them both   Dio        p       Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5266,"EventTxt":"These three had a three day private conference at the confluences around Bononia and Mutina in a certain little island that is made by the Lavinius River  They made peace among themselves and agreed that they should jointly govern the state s affairs for five years   Livy       Floras        c       Plutarch  in Cicero  Antony   Appian        p          Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5267,"EventTxt":"Here by a common decree they decided these things  Caesar would turn over the consulship to Ventidius for the rest of the year  A new office of the triumviri would be established to avoid all civil disorder  Lepidus along with Antony and Caesar would hold that office for five years with consular power  The triumviri would immediately be annual magistrates for the city for five years  The provinces should be so divided that Antony should have all Gaul as well as Togara on this side the Alps and Comata on the other side excluding the province of Narbon  Lepidus should have the command of Narbon together with Spain  Africa  along with Sardinia and Sicily should be Caesar s share  Thus was the Roman Empire divided among the triumviri  They deferred the division of the provinces over which Brutus and Cassius commanded  Moreover it was agreed among them that they should put to death their enemies and that Lepidus should for the following year be chosen consul in the place of Decimus Brutus  He would have the guard of Rome and all Italy and that Antony and Caesar would carry on the war against Brutus and Cassius   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5268,"EventTxt":"On the third day  the triumviri entered Rome  each separately with his praetorian cohort and one legion  When Publius Titius  the tribune of the people  called an assembly of the wards  he passed a law for the establishing of the new office  The triumviri were given consular power for five years to restore order to the state   Appian        p          Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5269,"EventTxt":"When the triumviri arrived  Cicero left the city and was assured which also come to pass that he could no more escape Antony than Brutus and Cassius could escape Caesar   Livy with Seneca in a speech  Suasoria","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5270,"EventTxt":"M  Aemilius Lepidus  M  Antony and Caesar Octavian  four days before December   th calends  began the triumvirate  This was to continue to the days before the month of January which was to be six years  or of the sixth year following   This appears from the Collation Marble   in inscription Gruteri  p       At that time  M  Terentius Varro saw Rome rise up with three heads  From that time  Suetonius  Suetonius  Octavian  c      and Eutropius   Eutropius         derive the beginning of the government of Caesar Octavian  This was almost   years  less three months  before the victory at Actium from which they begin his monarchy","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5271,"EventTxt":"On the  th   th ides  of December when Caesar Octavian substituted himself and Quintus Paedius for the consuls in the place of Pansa and Hirtius  Marcus Cicero was killed by some that were sent from M  Antony  The writer of the dialogue of the causes of corrupted eloquence confirms from the writings of Tiro  a freed man of Cicero s which is ascribed to C  Tacitus  This was the end of his life who was the first that in peace deserved the triumph and laurel of the tongue and was the father of eloquence and Latin learning  Julius Caesar had previously written about him that he had obtained a laurel far beyond all triumphs and by how much it is a greater matter to have extended the bounds of the Roman learning than of the empire   Pliny        c     These things are recorded about Cicero by these writers   Velleius Paterculus        c      Seneca  in Suasoris oration     Plutarch  in Cicero  fin","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5272,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra brought no forces to Cassius although he demanded auxiliaries from her by threats   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5273,"EventTxt":"While Brutus was in Asia  Gellius Publicola conspired against Cassius      and in Macedonia Gellius  brother  Marcus  sent some for this purpose to get Caius Antony  Therefore Caius Clodius who was left as Antony s guard  killed him when he could no longer keep him safe  He did this on either his own authority or by the orders of Brutus  It is reported that Brutus had a great concern for the safety of C  Antony  After he knew of Brutus  death  he took no more care of him  However  Antony did not punish Gellius although he was guilty of treason against him  He knew that Brutus always considered him among his closest friends and that Marcus Messala  his brother  was very nearly allied to Cassius  Therefore he let him alone        Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5274,"EventTxt":"As soon as Brutus knew of the acts of M  Antony and the death of Caius Antony  he feared lest there be some new rebellion arise in Macedonia  He hurried back into Europe   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5275,"EventTxt":"The triumviri at Rome decreed the construction of a temple to Isis and Serapis   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5276,"EventTxt":"When Octavian had resigned the consulship and his colleague Q  Paedius was dead  the triumviri created consul  P  Ventidius  Bassa  the praetor along with C  Curtinus  This may be shown from the inscription in Gruterus   Gruterus  from the Collation marble  p      They gave the praetorship to one who was aedile and afterwards removed all the praetors from their office  five days before the office was to expire  They sent them into the provinces and appointed others in their places   Dio        p       This is what Paterculus referred to   Velleius Paterculus        c      vv This year saw Ventidius  both as consul and praetor in that city  through which he was led in a triumph to Picencium among the captives","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5277,"EventTxt":"He was led in triumph  This is described in more detail by  Valerius Maximus        c       A  Gellius        c       Pliny        c      Maxiumus added that he got his living when he was a young man very humbly by providing mules and coaches for the magistrates that were to go into the provinces  Thereupon these verses were commonly written through all the streets  You augurs and auruspices draw near  We have an uncouth wonder happened   He that rubbed mules doth Salve Consul hear","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5278,"EventTxt":"At the end of the year  those who were recently elected consuls held a triumph  L  Munatius Plancus triumphed for Gaul   days before January   th calends   M  Emilius Lepidus held a triumph for Spain  the day before of January  This appears from the Marble Records of Triumphs   Gruter  in inscript  p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-43,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4671,"Dating":"3962a AM, 4671 JP, 43 BC"}
{"Index":5279,"EventTxt":"In the fourth Julian year  a day was incorrectly added to February  Only three years had elapsed from the first February of the first Julian year until that time  This error continued until the  th Julian year  They should have added a day at the end of every four years before the fifth year began  The priests added a day at the beginning of the fourth year and not after it was ended  So the year that was correctly ordered by Julius Caesar was disordered by their negligence   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Macrobius  Saturnal   c     fin","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5280,"EventTxt":"After M  Brutus had settled all things in Macedonia  he went back again into Asia   Dio        p      he took a large army there and arranged a fleet in Bithynia and at Cyzicum  He went by land and settled all the cities and heard the complaints of the governors   Plutarch  in Brutus  He set Apuleius  who had fled to him from the proscription of the triumviri  over to Bithynia   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5281,"EventTxt":"The letters which Brutus wrote in a laconic style to those who were in Asia  are still extant  Aldus preserved them in Greek and Ranutius Florentius translated and recorded them in Latin  Plutarch relates three in his work on Brutus   Plutarch  in Brutus  The first one is to the Pergamenian is seen at the beginning of the collection that was already published  Another one was to the Rhodians and we shall recite it  The third and shortest of all is inscribed in the published Greek copies to the Bithynians and in the Latin copy of Ranutius to the Galatians and in Plutarch to the Samians  It says this  vv Your council is to no purpose  your obedience to commands are very slow  What do you think will be the end of these things","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5282,"EventTxt":"Cassius intended to go into Egypt when he heard that Cleopatra had sided with Caesar and Antony with her large navy  He thought that by this  he might punish her and prevent her from doing this  She was bothered with a famine and had almost no foreign help because of the sudden departure of Allienus with four Roman legions   Appian        p            p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5283,"EventTxt":"He hoped that he would have a suitable occasion for this venture when Brutus recalled him to Syria by messenger after messenger   Appian        p            p       Plutarch  in Brutus   He gave up on his Egyptian plans and he sent again his lightly armed cavalry with bribes to the king of the Parthians  He sent his lieutenants with them to request more help   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5284,"EventTxt":"Cassius left his brother s son in Syria with one legion and sent his cavalry ahead of him to Cappadocia  They attacked Ariobarzanes by surprise and took away a great amount of money and other provisions  Cassius returned from Syria and took pity on the Tarsenses who were most miserably oppressed  He freed them from paying any tribute in the future   Appian        p       When his affairs were settled in Syria and Cilicia  he went to Asia to Brutus   Dio        p     fin","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5285,"EventTxt":"After Cassius left Syria  there was a sedition at Jerusalem  Faelix  who was left there  by Cassius  with soldiers  revenged Malichus  death and attacked Phasaelus and the people took up arms  Herod was there with Fabius  the governor of Damascus and he planned to help his brother but was prevented by illness  However  Phasaelus withstood Faelix s attack and first forced him into the town and after agreeing on conditions  he allowed him to go out  Phasaelus was very angry with Hyrcanus who had received so many benefits from him and yet he favoured Faelix and allowed the brother of Malichus to seize some citadels  He held many and among the rest Masada was the strongest    Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5286,"EventTxt":"Brutus and Cassius were very joyful and confident when they met at Smyrna and considered their forces that they had  When they left Italy  they were poor and without arms and like abject exiles  They did not have so much as one ship rigged  one soldier or one friendly town  In a short time  they met together with a fleet and were outfitted with cavalry and foot soldiers as well as money to pay them  They were ready to fight for the Roman empire   Cassius desired to have the same honour as Brutus and to give him the like  Brutus commonly prevented him and came often to him because he was the older and his body the strongest         Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5287,"EventTxt":"Both of them planned the war against the triumviri   Livy         Brutus wanted to go into Macedonia with their joint forces and to settle all in one large battle  The enemy had   legions  of which eight were transported over sea to Iconium  Cassius thought otherwise  On the contrary  Cassius thought the forces of the enemy were contemptible and that they would lack provisions for so large a force  The best way was to quell those who favoured the enemy as the Rhodians and Lycians  who were strongest at sea  Otherwise  while they were attacking the enemy  they would attack from behind  Cassius  opinion prevailed   Appian        p      When they heard that the triumviri were busy about settling the affairs at Rome  they supposed they should have work enough  Sextus Pompey controlled the way against them in Sicily  that was so near   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5288,"EventTxt":"Moreover  at Smyrna  Brutus desired that he might have part of the money of which Cassius had a large amount of  Brutus said that he had spent all that he had in preparing a fleet by which they might control the whole inland sea  However  Cassius  friends were against Cassius giving Brutus any  They said it was unjust that what they had saved by frugality and gotten by hard work should be spent in bribing soldiers  In spite of this  Cassius gave a third of everything to him  So both of them went to their own work   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5289,"EventTxt":"They either went themselves or sent their lieutenants and drew to their side those who had opposed them  They got more men and money to fight the war  All those who lived in those parts and formerly were not so much as spoken to  presently came to side with them  Although Ariobarzanes and the Rhodians and Lycians did not oppose them  yet they refused Cassius  and Brutus  alliance  Brutus and Cassius suspected them of favouring the opposing side because they had received so many favours from the former Caesar  They feared lest in their absence  they should raise some stirs and incite the rest not to keep their promise  They determined first of all to attack them and hoped that by their superior forces they would easily convince them to side with them either willingly or through force   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5290,"EventTxt":"As soon as Herod was recovered  he went against the brother of Malichus and recaptured all the citadels that he had seized  Herod also recovered three citadels in Galilee that were seized by Marion  the tyrant of the Tyrians  He allowed all the garrison soldiers of the tyrants to leave on conditions  He sent some of them home well rewarded and by this he won the affection of the city and hatred of the tyrant   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5291,"EventTxt":"The Tarsenses  who had resisted Cassius  were commended by the triumviri  They were given the hope that they would receive something for the losses they had sustained  Also Cleopatra obtained  in that she had sent help to Dolabella  that her son  Ptolemy  whom she said she had by Caesar and was therefore called Caesarion  should be called king of Egypt   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5292,"EventTxt":"Brutus demanded men and money from the Lycians because Naucrates  an orator domanaiou had compelled the cities to revolt  They placed themselves on some hills to keep Brutus from passing through  First he sent his cavalry against them when they were eating and the cavalry killed   of them  Later he took some citadels and smaller towns and then he let them all go free without ransom so that he might win the favour of the country  However  they were obstinate and discontented for the losses they had received and despised his clemency and good will   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5293,"EventTxt":"Brutus defeated in a battle the common army of the whole country of the Lycians  He took over their camp also and entered it as they fled  Many cities surrendered to him   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5294,"EventTxt":"Then he besieged the most warlike of them and forced them to retire within the walls of Xanthum  Plutarch  in Brutus  They had levelled their walls to the intent that Brutus should have neither retreat nor materials  They well fortified their city and drove the enemy from the fortifications  They made a ditch fifty feet deep and as broad so that when they stood on the bank they could use their javelins and arrows as if they had been divided by an unfordable river while Brutus endeavoured to get over the ditch  Brutus covered his storm troopers with hurdles and divided his army into two to follow up the assault by night and by day  He brought his materials from a distance  as it is usually done when the business goes on well   and still urged them on to hasten the work  They did whatever was to be done with great earnestness and labour  Therefore although at the first he thought  he could not overcome the strong resistance of the enemy for many months yet he finished his matter within a few days  He assaulted the besieged from a distance with engines and close to the gate with his cohorts  He continually rotated his men that were wearied or wounded with fresh men  Likewise the enemy held out manfully as long as the fortifications held but they lost heart and the town was battered with the engines  When Brutus knew what would happen  he ordered those who besieged the gate to retreat  The men of Xanthum thought this was done through negligence of the guard and sallied out by night with torches to burn the engines  However  the Roman cohorts hurried there as was prearranged and the enemy quickly fled back to the gate  Those who kept the gate had shut it lest the enemy should break in with them that fled  Hence there was a large slaughter of them that were shut out of the town   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5295,"EventTxt":"A river ran past the city  As some tried to escape by swimming underwater but they were taken again by the nets which were let down into the river across the channel  The nets had bells which hung at the top of them which signalled when anyone was entangled   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5296,"EventTxt":"The men of Xanthum sallied out again about noon and drove back the guards and burnt all the engines  Since the gate was open for them to return    Romans rushed in together with the townsmen and others entered in a disorderly fashion  The portcullis  heavy iron grate  fell upon them  either by the action of the men of Xanthum or by the ropes breaking by which it was let down  Therefore all the Romans that had broken in  were either beaten down or shut in  They could not draw it up again without ropes  They were attacked from above by the men of Xanthum and they very barely got into the market place even though it was close by  The area around there was full of archers  Since the Romans had neither bows nor arrows  they fled into the temple of Sarpedon lest they be surrounded  In the meantime  the Romans that were outside  were very anxious for them that were trapped within  Brutus was running up and down and tried all things in all places to rescue them  They could not break open the portcullis and they had lost their ladders and wooden towers by the fire  However  some presently made ladders and other brought props to the walls and used them for ladders  Some fastened hooks to ropes and cast them up onto the walls  As often as any held  they climbed up by them   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5297,"EventTxt":"The Oenandeses  their neighbours and enemies  were at that time the allies of Brutus  They climbed up the steep rocks whom the Romans presently followed with great earnestness  Many fell down when they lost their footing  However  some got over the wall and opened a little gate  Before the gate was a fortification of sharp stakes set very thickly  By the help of these  the most daring got up  When their numbers increased  they went to break the gate open which had no bars to strengthen it  Others also tried to do the same on the other side since the Xanthians attacked those who had fled into the temple of Sarpedon  Those on both sides of the gate  broke it open  At sunset  with such furious noise they rushed in one company  They gave a loud shout as a sign to those that were trapped   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5298,"EventTxt":"The Romans rushed into the city and set some houses on fire  The fire first terrified them who saw this being done  Those who were farther off thought that the city was taken  Therefore the neighbours  of their own accord  set their own houses on fire  but the most killed one another   Dio        p       They retired inside their own houses and they killed everyone who was dear to them  They willingly offered their throats to be cut  There was such a lamentable cry made at that time  that Brutus thought the soldiers were sacking the city which he had forbidden by public criers  When he was better informed  he pitied the generous disposition of these men who were born to liberty  He sent messengers and invited them to peace  They drove them back with their arrows  After they first killed all that belonged to them and laid them on funeral piles and set them on fire  then they cut their own throats  This how was Appian relates the story   Appian        p      However Plutarch relates it like this","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5299,"EventTxt":"Brutus was afraid least the city should be destroyed and ordered the soldiers to put out the fire and to help the city  However a great and incredible desperation suddenly seized the Lycians  which you may well compare to a desire of death  For both free men and slaves  both old and young  with women and children  assailed the enemy from the wall that came to quench the fire  The Xanthians themselves brought reeds and all combustible matter to set the city on fire  When they had done this  they used all the means they could to increase it  After all the city was ablaze  Brutus was grieved for this and went about the city to help it  He stretched out his hands to the Xanthians and intreated them to spare the city  No one obeyed him  Indeed they killed themselves by all manner of ways including men and women and even little children  With loud crys and howlings  they threw themselves into the fire and some headlong from the wall  Some offered their naked throats to the swords of their fathers and wanted them to kill them  After the city was thus consumed  there was one woman seen hanging by a rope who had her dead child hanging at her neck  She had a fiery torch with which she set her house on fire  The sight appeared so tragic that Brutus could not endure to behold it  When he was told of it  he started weeping and offered a reward to the soldiers  whoever had saved a Lycian  They reckoned but an hundred and fifty which would surrender alive   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5300,"EventTxt":"Appian wrote that Brutus saved some slaves  Of the freeborn  scarcely   women were saved and those did not have husbands to kill them  He added that Brutus saved all the temples he possibly could   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5301,"EventTxt":"From there Brutus went to Patara  a city which might seem to be the port for the Xanthinas where their ships were anchored  He ordered them that they should surrender to him or expect a similar destruction as the Xanthians had  However  the citizens would not surrender  The slaves had recently obtained their liberty and the freemen that were poor had recently had all their debts cancelled and resisted surrendering to Brutus  Therefore  Brutus sent the Xanthians that he had taken captive to them because they were related to each other  He thought that when they saw their miserable condition the Patarenses would have a change of heart  They were just as steadfast as before although he had granted as a gift to everyone  his kindred  Brutus permitted them the rest of the day for consultation and withdrew himself  However the next morning  he brought his forces there again   Appian        p       Dio        p      He set up a cage in a safe place under the wall and he sold the leaders of the Xanthians  He brought them out one by one  if by chance this might move the Patarenses  When they would not yield for all this after he had sold a few of them  he let the rest go free   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5302,"EventTxt":"When Brutus had taken captive the women of Patara  he let them also go free without any ransom  They told their husbands and fathers who were of the leaders that Brutus was a most modest and just man and they persuaded them that they should surrender to him   Plutarch  in Brutus  When he entered the town  he did not kill or banish anyone  He ordered all the public gold and silver to be brought to him  He also took everyone s own treasure and promised to punish those who would not cooperate and a reward to those that did   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5303,"EventTxt":"A slave betrayed his master who had hidden some gold and told a centurion who was sent to collect the money  When they were all brought out  the master was silent  However to save her son  his mother followed and cried that she had hid the money  The servant replied without being asked that she lied and the master hid the money  After Brutus had commended the young man s patience and the mother s piety  he dismissed both of them with the gold  He hung the servant who against all equity  had betrayed his master   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5304,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Lentulus was sent to Andtiaca  which was the port of the Myrenses  He broke the chain with which the mouth of the harbour was barred and went to the praetor of the Myrenses  When Brutus had dismissed the praetor  the Myrenses surrendered and paid the money imposed upon them   Appian        p       Dio        p      In the same manner  all the countries of the Lycians were subdued and sent ambassadors to Brutus  They promised they would send both men and money according to their ability  They found Brutus so bountiful and indulgent beyond all their expectations  For he sent home all the freeborn of the Xanthians and imposed upon the Lycians only   talents  He did violence to no one   Plutarch  in Brutus   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5305,"EventTxt":"After Brutus had conquered the Lycians   Velleius Paterculus        c      he wrote some letters among which this one was said to be sent to the Rhodians  We have severely punished the Xanthians when they revolted from us  We punished everyone including their children and we destroyed the city with fire and sword  To the Patarenses who were faithful to us  we have released their tributes and granted them their freedom to live after their own laws  We have given them   talents toward the rebuilding of those things that were demolished  You have the freedom for yourselves to see whether you will be accounted enemies as the Xanthians  or friends as the Patarenses","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5306,"EventTxt":"Plutarch recorded this letter more concisely  vv The Xanthians despised our bounty and have made their country the sepulchre of their desperation  The Patarenses who have submitted to me  have their liberty in governing their state  Therefore it is in your power either to choose the opinion of the Patarenses or the fortune of the Xanthians","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5307,"EventTxt":"The Rhodian noblemen feared to contend with the Romans but the common people held a high opinion of their abilities  They remembered the ancient victories that they had over other such men   Appian        p      They trusted so much to their skill in navigation that they first went to Cassius on the continent and showed to him the fetters that they had brought as if they would take many of their enemies alive   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5308,"EventTxt":"Cassius had to fight those who were skilful at sea  Therefore at Myndus  he exercised his fleet that he had rigged and furnished with soldiers  The Rhodians sent ambassadors to him who should intreat him that neither he would attack Rhodes who had always revenged the wrongs done to her neither break the league that was between the Romans and the Rhodians  It stated clearly that neither people should make war on the other  They sent also Archelaus  an ambassador  to him who had formerly been his teacher at Rhodes for the Greek language  He asked this more humbly from him  Cassius replied that the league was first broken by the Rhodians and that he would punish them for it if they did not immediately surrender   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5309,"EventTxt":"This answer terrified the wiser citizens but the people were more stirred with the speeches of Alexander and Mnaseas and recalled how much larger a fleet that Mithridates had invaded Rhodes with and before him Demetrius  Both were two most powerful kings  Thereupon they appointed Alexander as Prytanis  which is a magistrate among them of very great power and made Mnaseas  the admiral   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5310,"EventTxt":"Alexander and Mnaseas  the commanders of the Rhodians sailed to Myndus with   good ships  They hoped by this boldness to make Cassius afraid  Since they defeated Mithridates near this town  they hoped they would defeat Cassius also  After they had showed their skill in sailing  they went to Cnidus the first day  The next day Cassius  soldiers loosed from shore and sailed out against them   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5311,"EventTxt":"There was a fierce battle between them  The Rhodians with their nimble ships  sailed here and there  sometimes through the enemies ranks and sometimes around them  On the other side  the Romans trusted their large ships  As often as they laid hold on any ship that sailed too close with their iron hook  they prevailed as in a land battle  Cassius had the larger number of ships and the Rhodians could not play long with their enemies through their swiftness and usual tactics  Although they attacked them only from the front and then retreated  it did them little good  Their enemies still kept themselves close together  The attacks also of their armoured prows were ineffectual against the heavy ships of the Romans  On the other side  the Roman ships attacked those light ships with a direct attack until three Rhodian ships were taken with all the soldiers in them  Two were damaged and sunk  while the rest were badly damaged and fled to Rhodes   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5312,"EventTxt":"The Roman fleet successfully fought with the Rhodians at Myndus   Appian        p       Dio        p       Cassius watched the sea battle from a mountain  After the battle he immediately repaired his fleet and he went to Loryma  a citadel of the Rhodians on the other side of the continent  From there he conveyed over his land forces in cargo ships under the command of Fanius and Lentulus  Cassius  with   long ships  went to strike terror into the Rhodians  He trusted that his sea and land forces would abate the hostility of the enemy   Appian       p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5313,"EventTxt":"When they boldly met him again  Cassius defeated them with the help of Statius  Murcus   He overcame their skill by the size and number of his ships  When they lost two ships  the Rhodians were surrounded on every side   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5314,"EventTxt":"Immediately all the walls were filled with soldiers to repulse Fanius  attack from the land  Cassius with his navy by sea  was prepared for an assault on the walls  Cassius thought that such a thing would happen and brought with him towers that were folded up which were set up there  Thus Rhodes  twice beaten at sea  was now attacked both by sea and land  They were unprepared for a double sustained attack  It appeared  that in a short time the enemy would overpower them or they would be starved out by famine  When the wiser of the Rhodians knew this  they held a secret conference with Fanius and Lentulus  Since Cassius had suddenly come into the middle of the city with his best soldiers  it was believed that some of the smaller gates were opened to him by citizens that secretly favoured him lest the city should be miserably destroyed   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5315,"EventTxt":"Cassius replied to the Rhodians that called him king and lord that he was neither lord nor king but the killer and avenger of a lord and king   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  He sat under a spear for his tribunal because he would seem as if he had taken the city by force of arms  He ordered his army to be quiet and by his public criers  he threatened death to plunderers  He cited before him   Rhodian citizens  whom he ordered to be executed  The other   who did not appear  he ordered to be banished   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5316,"EventTxt":"There he plundered the Rhodians of their ships and money  He took all the gold that belonged either to the temples or treasury  He even took away all things which were dedicated to the gods  except for the Chariot of the Sun   Appian        p        Dio        p       He was not content with all that but he took from the owners whatever gold or silver they had  He proclaimed a punishment by a crier  to anyone who hid it and offered a reward to them that told of it  They would get a tenth part of it and the slaves would get their liberty  At the first some concealed their money and hoped that his threats would go no further than words  When they saw that rewards were given to discoverers  they desired that the time might be extended which he granted  Some dug up what they had hid in the earth and others took their money from wells  Some again brought more than they hid before   Appian        p          He had extorted from the private men   talents and publicly fined the city   talents more   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  He left the Rhodians with nothing but their lives   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5317,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Cassius by a fierce and most prosperous war defeated Rhodes which was very important to him    Velleius Paterculus        c       He rejoiced at his quick defeat of it and the huge amount of money he had obtained  He left L  Varus at Rhodes with a garrison    Appian        p      After this he put to death Ariobarzanes whom he had captured  Dio        p     fin    and ordered ten years of tribute from all the provinces of Asia which he collected in full   Appian       p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5318,"EventTxt":"Then it was told Cassius that Cleopatra was sailing toward Caesar and Antony with an large navy and many forces  She had always before followed that side for the love she had to the former Caesar  She far more eagerly did so now for the fear she had of Cassius  To prepare for her invasion  Cassius sent into Peloponesus  Murcus with one legion and some archers in   covered ships  to guard the sea lanes about the cape of Tenarus  Cleopatra avoided Cassius and Murcus and set sail toward the Ionian Sea  However her fleet was wrecked by a large storm off the coast of Africa  The waves brought signs of her shipwreck even into the country of Laconia  Cleopatra became sick and so returned home   Appian        p               p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5319,"EventTxt":"Among Brutus  letters  there is one concerning the victories of him and Cassius that was sent to the Coans  Rhodes truly now obeys Cassius  a city rather bold than strong by her own strength  All Lycia is now at our command  partly conquered in war and partly for fear of suffering extremities  This choice was truly for their profit  They willingly chose that which they must have done in a little time later  Choose you therefore whether you had rather be forced to serve or rather be called our friends by receiving us","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5320,"EventTxt":"Brutus returned from Lycia into Ionium and he did many memorable deeds in honouring those who deserved well and in punishing others according to their acts  Among others  he tortured and killed Theodoras  the rhetorician who was wandering in Asia  He was instrumental  as he himself bragged  in the death of Pompey the Great   Plutarch  in Brutus  Pompey","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5321,"EventTxt":"Brutus sent for Cassius to come to Sardis  When he was coming near there  Brutus went to meet him with his friends  All the soldiers were ready in their arms and greeted them both as generals  As often happens between two who have many troops and friends  that mutual suspicion and accusations arose between them  The first thing they did  they went alone into a private room and shut the doors to them and asked all men to leave  First they began to talk then to argue and accuse each other  Then friends were afraid what would be the outcome because Cassius and Brutus were all the more free and vehement in chiding one another and became very sharp in the arguments with each other   Plutarch  in Brutus  All these suspicions  which each had thought against the other arose through false accusations and finally they wisely settled everything   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5322,"EventTxt":"M  Favonius was then there   of whom Cicero makes mention of as a close friend to Brutus   Cicero  ad Attic        epist       He followed in the footsteps of M  Cato  who was a philosopher  However  he was not as reasonable and was governed by some passionate and mad motion  He considered it to be a lowly office to be a consul of Rome  With his cynical kind of harsh language  he alleviated the tedium his importunity brought upon many  He then violently thrust away the porters who forbid him entrance and went into the room where Brutus and Cassius had their private conference  With a mimic voice  he pronounced those verses that Homer said Nestor used  vv But both obey me  for I your senior am","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5323,"EventTxt":"and those verses that follow this  This made Cassius laugh but Brutus kicked him out and called him  unlearned and adulterous dog","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5324,"EventTxt":"After this difference was ended  Cassius made a supper and Brutus invited his friends there  As they were going to sit down  Favonius came in very trim  Brutus protested that he came uninvited and asked him to leave  However  he pushed himself in and placed himself at the upper end of the table between them  There was at the feast both mirth and good discourse   Dio l     p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5325,"EventTxt":"The next day  Brutus condemned in public judgement and with a note of infamy  L  Pellius  who had been praetor  Brutus had employed him before and he was now accused of bribery by the Sardians  Cassius was not innocent in this matter either  A few days earlier  Cassius  had only chastised privately two who were found guilty of the same fault and absolving them publicly and still made use of them  Thereupon Cassius accused Brutus for being too strict and just when at such a time he should behave more civilly and with humanity  Brutus admonished him again that he should remember the ides of March  on which they had killed Caesar  who had not so much vexed all men as a patron of those who did   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5326,"EventTxt":"Labienus the younger  the son of Titus Labienus   Caesar s lieutenant in Gaul  was sent by Cassius and Brutus to request aid from Orodes  the king of the Parthians  He stayed there a long time with them without any notice being taken of him  The king had no intention of helping them and dared not deny them   Dio        p       Floras        c       Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5327,"EventTxt":"Brutus ordered the whole fleet of the Lycians to sail for Abydus  while he marched there with his land forces  They were to wait for Cassius  arrival from Ionium so that they might both go to Sestos together   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5328,"EventTxt":"When Cassius and Brutus were about to leave Asia for Europe and to transport their army to the opposite continent  Brutus had an horrible sight  In the dead of the night when the moon did not shine very bright and all the army was in silence  a black image of an huge and horrid body stood silently by Brutus  It was said to offer itself to Brutus  since his candle was almost out  Brutus boldly asked if he was a man or a god  The spirit replied  O Brutus  I am thy evil genius  you shall see me again at Philippi  So as not to appear afraid  Brutus said  Then I shall see you   Floras        c       Appian        p       Plutarch  in Caesar  Brutus  fin   Plutarch gave a more complete account in his work on Brutus  He added that the next morning Brutus told Cassius what he had seen and that Cassius expounded to him from the doctrine of the Epicureans what was to be thought about such sights","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3962,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3962b AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5329,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  the son of Aristobulus  the brother of Hyrcanus  invaded Judea  with the help of Ptolemy  the son of Mennaeus  Fabius the governor of Damascus  whom he had made his friend through money  and Marion the tyrant of the Tyrians  who followed him because he hated Herod  Herod met Antigonus as he barely crossed the borders of the country and drove him from there after he defeated him in battle  Therefore Hyrcanus honoured Herod with crowns as soon as he returned to Jerusalem  He had already promised that Herod was considered one of the family of Hyrcanus for marrying Mariamme  in Syriac called ~yrs or Mary   She was the daughter of Alexander  the son of Aristobulus   the brother of Hyrcanus  and Alexandra  the daughter of Hyrcanus   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c            c","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5330,"EventTxt":"At the gulf Melanes  Cassius and Brutus numbered their army and found they had     foot soldiers  Brutus had   of French and Lusitanian cavalry    cavalry from the Thracia  Illyria  Parthia and Thressalia  Cassius had   cavalry from the Spanish and French and   cavalry who were archers from Arabia  Media and Parthia   Justin confirmed that the Parthians sent help there   Justin        c       The kings who were allies and tetrarchs from Galatia brought   cavalry in addition to foot soldiers   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5331,"EventTxt":"These met at Philippi in Macedonia with the army of the triumviri under M  Antony and Octavian Caesar   The city was just as famous for Paul s letter to it as for this battle   Velleius Paterculus        c      Each side had the same number of legions  Brutus and Cassius had     cavalry and Antony and Caesar had      Cassius  side refused to fight the enemy for many days and hoped to starve them for lack of provisions  They had abundant supplies from Asia which were brought to them by sea  Whereas the enemy troops were in need of supplies since they were in an enemies  country  The merchants could get nothing from Egypt since there was a great famine there  Neither would Sextus Pompeius allow anything to be brought from Spain or Africa  Statius Murcus and Domitius Aenobarbus guarded the sea lanes to Italy  They knew that Macedonia and Thessalia  could not long sustain the enemy  Antony tried to hinder supplies from coming to the enemy behind them from Thasus  In ten day s time  he made a private passage in a narrow marsh and erected many citadels with trenches on the far side  Later Cassius ran a trench from his camp to the sea through all the marches and made Antony s works useless   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5332,"EventTxt":"When the battle began  from which Caesar and Antony were said to have withdrawn themselves  the wing which Brutus commanded beat back the enemy and captured Caesar s camp  However  the wing in which Cassius was  was routed and his camp was taken by Antony s troops   Floras        c       Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony  Cassius lost   of the servants that followed the camp whom Brutus called Brigae  Masala Corrinus  who was then present in Brutus  camp  and a little later surrendered to Caesar  said he thought twice as many if not more were killed   Plutarch  in M  Brutus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5333,"EventTxt":"After Cassius had lost his camp  he could not return there but went up to an hill near Philippi to better view what was going on and what he should do   Appian        p      He thought that the whole army was routed and killed himself  Livy          with the same sword he had killed Caesar   Plutarch  Caesar  fin   Although in another place  Plutarch along with other historians stated that his head was cut off by his freed man  Pindarus  After the defeat of Crassus in Parthia  Cassius had appointed him for that task   Plutarch  in Brutus  AntonY   Velleius Paterculus        c       Appian        p       Dio        p      From Maximus  Valerius Maximus        c      we read  vv Pindarus was recently freed by Cassius  When Cassius was defeated in the battle at Philippi  Pindarus spared him the insults of his enemies by cutting off his head by his own command  He hid his body so it could not be found  The gods  the revenger of so great a wickedness  had bound Cassius  right hand with such weakness which was used in the murder of the father of his county  He came trembling to Pindarus  knees  lest he should pay that punishment which he had deserved at the hand of the pious conqueror  Truly you  defied Julius  have exacted the revenge due to your heavenly wounds  by compelling that head which was wickedly against you to be made a suppliant to the help of a base man  Cassius was forced by the rage of his mind that he would not retain his life  nor dared end it by his own hand","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5334,"EventTxt":"Brutus gave the body of Cassius to his friends and had it privately buried at Thasus  lest the army  by the sight of his funeral  should be provoked to mourning and become dejected   Plutarch  in Brutus   Appian        p       Dio        p      Cassius died the same day as he was born on   Appian        p      In the evening  his servant came to Antony  with Cassius  soldier s coat and his sword which he had recently taken from his body  When Antony saw these  he was greatly encouraged and set the army in battle array as soon as it was day   Plutarch  in Brutus","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5335,"EventTxt":"On the same day that the army of Caesar was defeated in the battle at Philippi  the Marthian legion and other large forces  which were coming to Caesar by Domitius Culvinus from Italy  were defeated by Murcus and Aenobarbus in the Ionian sea   Plutarch  in Brutus   Appian  p          Brutus did not know of this victory for   days  During that time  the soldiers of Caesar and Antony were mired in the marshes of Philippi  They were bothered by autumn showers that happened after the battle and froze   Plutarch  in Brutus  In that time many Germans fled to Brutus  Likewise Amyntas  the general of Dejotarus and Rhascipolis the Thracian  left Brutus  side  When Brutus knew of this  he feared a larger revolt and he decided to gamble all on one battle   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5336,"EventTxt":"The night before the battle  it is reported that the ghost came again to Brutus in the same way as before  It spoke nothing and so vanished away  However  P  Volumnius made no mention of this  He was a man who studied wisdom and was in Brutus  camp and wrote about other prodigies that happened   Plutarch  Caesar fin   Brutus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5337,"EventTxt":"Antony was involved in the second battle as well as Caesar Octavian even though he was weak and sickly  Ovid wrote about the things that were done in this war of Philippi   Ovid  Festi         Caesar s first work or worthy action rather  Was  by just arms he did revenge his father","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5338,"EventTxt":"Ovid also wrote   Ovid  Fasti         This the youth vowed  when first to arms he ran  Being the leader of them he then began  His stretched out hand to the soldiers while he shook  He  them confederated  thus bespoke","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5339,"EventTxt":"Brutus was defeated in the battle and fled to an hill by night  The next day he desired Strabo Aegeates  an Epirote  with whom he was friendly because they studied rhetoric together  that he would help him kill himself  He put his left arm over his head and held the point of the sword in his right hand  He directed it to his left breast where the heart beats and forced it through himself  So he died after being run through with only one thrust   Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in M  Brutus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5340,"EventTxt":"Thus this war ended the careers of Brutus and Cassius who were the murderers of Julius Caesar their emperor  by whom they were spared in the Pharsalian fight and later committed suicide   Appian        p         They killed themselves using the same swords they used to kill Julius Caesar   Dio        init   The liberty which they so much desired to see restored  they lost by the murder of Caesar   Floras        c       Although  in less than two years  they had gathered more than   legions  about     cavalry and more than   long ships  They had made great preparations and had extorted huge sums of money from men  whether they wanted to give it or not  They were often victors in the wars that they waged with many cities and with opposing countries  They had the command of all from Macedonia to Euphrates  Whomever they made war with  they drew them to their side and made use of their help who were faithful to them like kings and governors  and even of the Parthians  although they were enemies   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5341,"EventTxt":"Antony stood by the body of Brutus and modestly upbraided him for the death of his brother Caius whom Brutus killed in Macedonia  However  Antony often said that he rather imputed the death of his brother to Hortensius   who was the proconsul of Macedonia  than to Brutus  He ordered Hortensius to be killed on Brutus       grave   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  M  Antony  He cast upon Brutus  body  his purple soldier s coat of great price and committed the care of his funeral to one of his free men  He later killed the man when he knew he had not burnt that coat with him and sent his ashes to his mother Servilia   Plutarch  in M  Brutus  M  Antony   Appian        p       Octavian sent Brutus  head to Rome that it might be placed under Caesar s statue   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      In the voyage from Byrrachium  a storm arose and it was cast into the sea   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5342,"EventTxt":"As many of the nobility who escaped to Thasus  sailed from there  Others surrendered themselves to the power and mercy of Messala  Corvinus and L  Bibulus  Others agreed for their security with the Antonians  Antony himself came into Thasus and they turned over to him whatever money  arms  provisions or other preparation that were left   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5343,"EventTxt":"L  Julius Mocilla  who had been praetor  along with his son and A  Torquates and others who suffered this defeat  went to Samothracia  Pomponius Atticus had placed Mocilla in charge of procuring all things from Epirus   Cornelius Nepos  in Vita Attici","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5344,"EventTxt":"After Brutus and Cassius had gone to the war  Cassius Parmensis was left in Asia with a fleet and an army  to raise money  After the death of Cassius  he hoped for better things from Brutus and chose   of the Rhodian ships  He planned to fill them with the sailors of the allies  He burnt the rest lest the city should rebel  After this  he sailed with his own and the Rhodian ships  However  Clodius was sent by Brutus  as soon as he saw the Rhodians were about to rebel  When Brutus was dead  Clodius withdrew the garrison of   men and went with Parmenses  Torulus joined them with many other ships and the money which he had exacted from the Rhodians before their revolt   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5345,"EventTxt":"Anyone who had some naval forces that were scattered throughout Asia  joined this fleet  They put on board as many legions of soldiers as they could possibly and enlisted for rowers  bondmen and slaves from the islanders of the ports they came to  Cicero the younger  and as many of the nobility who fled from Thasus  joined them also  In a short time  there was a large fleet with a large army of good commanders   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5346,"EventTxt":"They sailed in the Ionian Sea to Statius Murcus and Cn  Aenobarbus  who commanded large forces  They took Lepidus with them with another band of soldiers who kept Crete with a garrison of Brutus   When they left some stayed with Aenobarbus  making a faction of their own   They controlled the Ionian Sea and did much harm to their enemies   The rest went with Murcus and joined forces with Sextus Pompeius  When he joined his large fleet and the remains of Brutus  army to him  he doubled Sextus  forces   Appian        p       Velleius Paterculus        c          Dio        p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5347,"EventTxt":"Caesar and Antony dismissed the soldiers that had served out their time  except for   whom they intreated to serve longer under them  They divided these between them and took one of an hundred of them for their bodyguard  Of eleven legions and     cavalry which were left of Brutus  army  Antony took six legions and     cavalry while Caesar took four legions and   cavalry   Appian        p         Moreover it was agreed that Caesar should give two legions of his own to go along with Antony and that he again should receive two others which were then left in Italy who were his soldiers under the command of Calenus   Appian        p       Dio       p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5348,"EventTxt":"Caesar took this business upon himself so that he might repress Lepidus  the triumvir  if he should make any stir  He also wanted to carry on the war against Sextus Pompeius and divide the lands promised to the old soldiers who were retired  Octavian returned to Italy but on his way  he became sick so that those who were at Rome thought that he was dead  Antony stayed to go around the provinces beyond the sea  to subdue the enemies  pride and to get money for the soldiers as they had promised them   Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p          Dio        p         Since they had promised every soldier   drachmas  they must be careful to pay it   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5349,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Antony with a large army went into Greece and at the first behaved kindly to the Greeks and was happy to be considered a friend of the Greeks and especially of the Athenians  on whose city he bestowed many gifts   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-42,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4672,"Dating":"3963a AM, 4672 JP, 42 BC"}
{"Index":5350,"EventTxt":"L  Censorinus was in Greece and went into Asia   Plutarch  in Antony  There he went about and sent others to exact money from the cities and to sell their territories   Dio        p      Also kings much courted his favour and the king s wives fought among themselves to offer him gifts and beauty and their service to him  Anaxenor  an harper  Xuthus  a musician  Metrodorus  a dancer  and all the Asian comics and actors went to Censorinus  court where everything was very luxurious  Finally  Antony was ready to go to the Parthian war and he sent Dellius into Egypt to Cleopatra  He was the historian  as Plutarch later called him and whom Seneca  Seneca    Suasoria  said left Cassius and went to Antony  Dellius ordered her to appear before Antony in Cilicia to answer for herself because she was said to have given much help to Cassius   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5351,"EventTxt":"Apulein  who was proscribed by the triumviri  was restored to his country when he turned over Bithynia to Antony  He was made governor of Bithynia by Brutus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5352,"EventTxt":"In Bithynia  Antony met with embassies from all countries  The rulers of the Jews were there to accuse Phasaclus and Herod as though Hyrcanus reigned only as a puppet  In truth the two brothers had all the power  However  Antony highly honoured Herod who had come there to clear himself of these accusations  It so happened that his adversaries were not so much as admitted to speak to Antony  Herod had arranged this by bribing Antony    Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5353,"EventTxt":"When Antony came to Ephesus  the women went before him dressed in the clothes of the Baccharae and men in the clothes of satyrs and Pans  All the city resounded with rushing after ivy garlands with instruments of music  flutes and pipes  They called him  Bacchus the bountiful and debonair   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5354,"EventTxt":"He made a magnificent sacrifice to Diana  as to the protector of that place  He absolved the Cassiani when they petitioned him  They had fled into sanctuary there  He did not forgive Petronius  who was guilty of the conspiracy against Caesar and Quintus who had betrayed Dolabella to Cassius at Laodicea   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5355,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of Hyrcanus the high priest and of the Jews came there also  These were Lysimachus  the son of Pausanias  Joseph  the son of Mennaeus and Alexander  the son of Theodoras  They gave him a crown of gold and they requested from him the same thing the embassy did at Rome  They wanted freed those Jews whom Cassius had taken prisoners  contrary to the laws of war  They wanted him to send letters to the provinces to affect this  They also wanted their country which Cassius had taken from them  to be restored  Antony thought their requests were fair and granted them  He wrote letters for this purpose  to Hyrcanus and also to the Tyrians  Sidonians  Antiochians  and Aradians  These letters are recorded in Josephus   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5356,"EventTxt":"The Greeks and other nationalities that lived in Asia Pergamena  were called to Ephesus  Antony told them what generous promises he had made to his   victorious legions some of which they had supplied  He had     men  When they had given to Cassius and Brutus  his enemies  ten years tribute in   years  he demanded that they should give him so much in one year  They complained that they were impoverished by their former enemies  At length they barely obtained the concession that they might pay nine years tribute in two years   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5357,"EventTxt":"Antony took the estates of many noblemen and gave them to knaves and flatterers  Many begged the fortunes of some who were alive and they were given them  Some wanted and received the estates of those who had died  He gave the goods of a citizen of Magnesia to a cook who had prepared only one supper   as it is reported  handsomely for him  Finally  when he had burdened the cities with another tribute  Hybreas who stirred up the affairs of Asia  was so bold to say  vv If you can exact a tribute of us twice in a year  you must be able also to make two summers and then to yield fruits to us twice","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5358,"EventTxt":"When Asia brought in     talents  Hybreas said  vv If you had not received them  demand them  but if you had not that which you had received  we are un","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5359,"EventTxt":"He sharply rebuked Antony with this saying who naively believed his own servants and was ignorant of many things that were done   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5360,"EventTxt":"In like manner  other tributes were imposed by the orders of Antony on kings  governors and free cities  each according to their abilities   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5361,"EventTxt":"As Antony was going about the provinces  Lucius  the brother of Cassius  and as many as had heard of his clemency at Ephesus  were afraid  They humbly came and presented themselves to him and Antony forgave them all except those who were guilty of Caesar s murder  These he would not forgive   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5362,"EventTxt":"He released the Lycians and Xanthians from tribute and urged them to rebuild their city  He gave to Rhodes  the places of Andros  Tenos  Naxos  and Myndus  However  not long after  he took them from them because he said Rhodes was ruling too harshly over them  He also gave the citizens of Laodicea and Tarsus  liberty and freedom from tributes  To the Athenians that came to him  Antony gave first Tenos and then Aegina  Icos  Cea  Sciathus and Patepathus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5363,"EventTxt":"He journeyed though Phrygia  Mysia  Galatia  Cappadocia  Cilicia  Coelosyria  Palestina  Ituraea and other provinces of the Syrians  He imposed very heavy tributes on them all  He settled all differences of kings and cities after his own pleasure  In particular  in Cappadocia  the matter of Sisenna and Ariarathes  was settled in favour of Sisenna who received the kingdom as a favour to his beautiful mother  However  in Syria he removed tyrants from various towns   Appian        p      He committed the government of Cyprus  to Demetrius  the freed man of Julius Caesar   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5364,"EventTxt":"Antony promised the Tarsenses the command of the university and placed Boethus over the university  He was a poor poet and a bad citizen  However  Antony liked his poem which he wrote about his victory at Philippi  The Tarsenses mainly preferred him because he was able without notice to speak something concerning any subject  When the account of the expenses to be paid in the university were committed to his care  he was found to have stolen other things and also the oil  When he was being accused before Antony  he answered  vv As Homer sang the praises of Agamemnon  and Achilles  and also Ulysses  so have I thine  therefore it is not fit that I should be accused of these crimes before thee","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5365,"EventTxt":"The accusers replied  vv Homer stole no oil from Agamemnon and Achilles  which because thou hast done  thou shalt be punished","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5366,"EventTxt":"Nevertheless Boethus  appeased his anger by some services and retained the government of the city until the death of Antony    Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5367,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra was brought to Cilicia to Antony by Dellius  She trusted in her beauty and deportment   Plutarch  in Antony   Josephus  Antiq        c       Appian        p      Dio            Her fabulous arrival is described by Plutarch more like a poet would than an historian  She came by a ship that was covered in gold  up the river Cydnus  which runs by the city Tarsus  It had purple sails all spread  and silver oars  They were accompanied by the music of flutes  pipes and harps  She rested in a beautiful dress under a canopy of cloth of gold like Venus is painted  Boys like cupids  stood here and there and fanned her  Her maidens in the clothes of Nereides and Graces  stood at the helms and others plied the oars  All the river banks were filled with most fragrant smells because of the abundance of perfumes  Men from both sides of the shore accompanied her from the river  Those who were in the city  came to see the sight so that Antony was left alone sitting in the forum on his tribunal  There was a general rumour that Venus was coming to feast with Bacchus for the preservation of Asia  Antony sent certain men to invite her to supper  However she thought it rather belonged to him to come to her  So that he might at her arrival  show his gentleness and courtesy  he obeyed her and came","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5368,"EventTxt":"Antony accused Cleopatra that she did not side with Caesar in the last war  She objected that she had sent the four legions to Dolabella and how her fleet was wrecked by storms  She said how often Cassius had threatened her and she was forced to sent aid to him  Antony was overcome and began to fall in love with her like a young man although he was then forty years old  A long time ago  he had wantonly cast his eyes on her when she was but a girl and he was a young man who followed Gavinius to Alexandria  At that time he was in charge of the cavalry  Immediately Antony s ancient diligence and ambition failed and all men did nothing but execute the commands of Cleopatra without respect either to human or divine law   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5369,"EventTxt":"By the request of Cleopatra  Antony sent murderers to Miletus to kill her sister Arsinoe  a priestess of Diana Leucophrine   Appian        p      However  Josephus says that she was at her prayers in the temple of Diana   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5370,"EventTxt":"Antony commanded the Tyrians to turn over to Cleopatra  Serapion  the governor of Cyprus  who had sent aid to Cassius and now came to beg his pardon  as well as the Aradians  another suppliant  When Ptolemy  the brother of Cleopatra  was defeated by Julius Caesar in a naval fight on the Nile River and was never seen more  he had bragged to the Aradians that he was Ptolemy  He commanded also Megabezus  the priest of Diana of the Ephesians  to be brought before him because he had entertained Arsinoe as a queen  By the entreaty of the Ephesians to Cleopatra  Antony let him go   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5371,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Fulvia  the wife of Antony in Italy  who was a woman in body only and more like a man  raised a large rebellion against Caesar Octavian   Velleius Paterculus        c       This action dissolved their alliance and the state was involved in a full scale war between them  Caesar could not endure the insolence of his mother in law   for he had rather seemed not to agree with her than with Antony   He divorced her daughter Claudia whom he swore was still a virgin   Dio        p          Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5372,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Caesar sent to Phoenicia to Antony  Cocceius and Cecinna as an embassy  When Cecinna s task was finished  he returned to Caesar  However  Cocceius stayed with Antony   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5373,"EventTxt":"There came an hundred of the most honourable among the Jews to Daphne  near Antioch in Syria to Antony who was now doting on the love of Cleopatra  They came to accuse Phasaelus and Herod and selected for this purpose the most eloquent of their whole number  Messala undertook to defend the young men s cause  Hyrcanus helped assist him  who had betrothed his daughter to Herod  After Antony heard both sides  he asked Hyrcanus  which side he thought to be the best to govern a state  When he had answered on the young men s behalf  Antony who loved them because he had been kindly entertained by their father  made them both tetrarchs  He left them the government of all Judea and wrote letters also to this purpose and put fifteen of their adversaries in prison  He would have put them to death  had not Herod interceded for them    Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5374,"EventTxt":"A thousand men came from Jerusalem to Tyre to Antony  who were already bribed by the brethren  and ordered the magistrates of that place that they should kill the ambassadors  They said the men were instigators of seditions and that they should help the tetrarchs  However  Herod and Hyrcanus came to them at that time outside the city on the sea shore and advised them earnestly to withdraw  They admonished them what danger would ensue if they followed this plan but they ignored this advice  Thereupon certain Jews and the inhabitants of that city  rose up against them and killed and wounded some  However  Hyrcanus helped the wounded to recover and had the dead buried  The rest fled home  When the people did nothing but rail against Herod  Antony  in his displeasure  killed those that he had in prison   Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5375,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra returned home and Antony sent cavalry to plunder Palmyra  a city located not far from the Euphrates River  This crime against them was done under the pretence that they might enrich the cavalry  They lived in the confines of the Romans and Parthians and were merchants who carried from Persia  Indian and Arabian wares to the Romans  When the Palmyreni had an inkling of what was up  they carried their goods to the other side of the river and placed archers to keep them off  They excelled in archery  When the cavalry found the city empty  they returned without any plunder or bloodshed  Thereupon shortly after this the Parthian war started  Many tyrants from Syria  whom Antony had expelled  fled to the Parthians and asked them to seize Syria   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3963,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3963b AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5376,"EventTxt":"When Antony had imposed heavy tributes on the people and had thus offended the city of Palmyra  he did not stay to settle the troubles of the province  He divided his army into winter quarters and he went into Egypt to Cleopatra  Appian        p      and left Plancas in Asia and Saxa in Syria   Dio        p      This was Decidius Saxa whom Cicero mentioned in his book  Cicero  Philippic    as one of M  Antonys  guard and Livy  Livy         stated he was his lieutenant in Syria","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5377,"EventTxt":"These actions caused seditions  The inhabitants of the island Aradus did not obey those who were sent to them to collect tribute and the islanders killed some of them  The Parthians previously were rebellious and now they made many more insurrections against the Romans  The Parthian forces were under the command of Labienus and Pacorus  the son of Orodes   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5378,"EventTxt":"Eusebius wrote this about the Aradians   Eusebius  Chronicles  vv Curtius Sulassus was burnt alive with four cohorts in the island Aradus because he too zealously exacted their tributes","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5379,"EventTxt":"Livy noted that Labienus  Livy         was of Pompey s faction  Plutarch wrote   Plutarch  in Antony  vv When the forces of the Parthians were prepared to attack  Labienus was made their general for the expedition of the Parthians  When the king s general was about to attack Syria  Antony was drawn away to Alexandria by Cleopatra","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5380,"EventTxt":"From this the compiler of the Parthian account  Parthian Story of Appian  p         is to be corrected  He foolishly insinuates that Labienus was brought by the king s captains to Alexandria  However  Dio explained both the origin and progress of this expedition like this","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5381,"EventTxt":"After the defeat of Philippi  Labienus thought that the conquerors would not pardon any of their opponents  He thought it better to live with barbarians than to die in his own country and therefore he stayed with the Parthians  As soon as he understood the carelessness and sloth of Antony and his love and journey into Egypt  he advised the Parthians to make war upon the Romans  The Roman armies were partially cut off  partially under strength and the rest disagreed among themselves  It looked like civil war would break out at any time  Therefore he persuaded the king  that while Caesar was detained in Italy because of Sextus Pompeius and Antony gave himself over to his love in Egypt  the king might subdue Syria and the countries around it  He promised him also that he would go as the general of this war so that he might provoke many countries to revolt from the Romans  They were offended with the Romans for the continual damages and tributes with which they afflicted them   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5382,"EventTxt":"When he had persuaded the king to make war  he received many forces from him along with his son  Pacorus  Labienus invaded Phoenicia and attacked Apamea and was repulsed from the wall  He took the garrisons that were placed in that country by their voluntary surrender to him  These consisted of the soldiers of Cassius and Brutus whom Antony had chosen for his army and had left to keep Syria since they knew the country well  Therefore  Labienus easily persuaded them to join his side since they already knew him  Everyone did except Saxa who commanded them  He was the brother of Decidius Saxa  the lieutenant of Antony  and his quaestor   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5383,"EventTxt":"Labienus defeated Saxa in a battle by the number and valour of his cavalry  He persuaded him as he fled by night from his camp  He had before shot notices into his camp to draw his soldiers to his side  Saxa greatly feared this and fled  Labienus overtook him and killed most of those who were with him  When Saxa had fled to Antioch  Labienus took Apamea which no longer resisted him because it was generally reported that Saxa was dead  He also took Antioch after Saxa deserted it   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5384,"EventTxt":"M  Antony was splendidly entertained by Cleopatra and wintered in Egypt without his imperial ensigns  He did this either because he was in another person s government and royal city or because he would solemnize the festival days in his winter quarters  He set aside all business for his country and he wore the Greek four cornered robe and the white Attic shoes called Phaecusium which the Athenian and Alexandrian priests used  When he went out  he went only to the temples or places of exercise or to the meetings of philosophers  He always kept company with the Greeks and courted Cleopatra  who was the main reason he came  as he himself said   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5385,"EventTxt":"Antony gave himself over to luxurious living with Cleopatra and the Egyptians  He whiled his time away even to his utter destruction   Dio        p      Plutarch describes at length the luxury of him and his son  He also stated those things concerning this business that Philotus  the Amphissian physician  told his grandfather Lamprias  who was then at that time at Alexandria following his studies","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5386,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra was with him night and day  She played dice with him  drank with him  hunted with him and saw him exercising himself in his arms  She accompanied him by night through the streets as he was eavesdropping at the gates and windows of the citizens and talked to those who were inside  She walked with him as he was clad in the clothes of a serving maid for he often wore such clothes himself  Thereupon he returned home often well jeered and often well beaten   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5387,"EventTxt":"Antony detained the ambassadors that were sent to him from the Italian colonies either because it was winter or because he wanted to conceal his counsels   Appian        p      In the meantime  Caesar Octavian besieged the consul L  Antony  Antony s brother  at Perasium in Hetruria   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-41,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4673,"Dating":"3964a AM, 4673 JP, 41 BC"}
{"Index":5388,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Domitius Calvinus and Asinius Pollio being consuls  Perusia was taken by Octavian   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5389,"EventTxt":"Labienus followed Saxa as he fled into Cilicia and killed him there   Dio        p      vv Labienus went from Brutus  camp to the Parthians and led an army of them into Syria  He killed the lieutenant of Antony  who had very badly oppressed the transmarine provinces","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5390,"EventTxt":"This is according to Paterculus   Velleius Paterculus        c      Floras stated   Floras        c      vv Saxa  for thus it is to be read t  not Casca  the lieutenant  committed suicide so that he might not fall into his enemies  hands","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5391,"EventTxt":"After Saxa was dead  Pacorus subdued all Syria except Tyre   Velleius Paterculus        c       Floras        c       Livy         Here the Romans who were left along with friendly Syrians  had taken it before  They could not be persuaded or forced to yield because the Parthians had no fleet with them   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5392,"EventTxt":"In the second year  Josephus        c      that is from the coming of Antony into Syria when Pacorus the king s son and Barzipharnes  a ruler of the Parthians  had seized Lysia  Ptolemais  the son of Mennaeus  died  His successor in the kingdom of Lysia was his son Lysanias   Dio said he was made king of the Ituraeans by Antony   He became friends with Antigonus  the son of Aristobulus  a noble man  who could do much with him and reconciled them","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5393,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of the spring  Antony went against the Parthians  He came as far as Phoenicia and came to Tyre   Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p      He sailed there as if he would bring help to the city  When he saw all the surrounding country was seized by the enemy  he left under the pretence of engaging in the war against Sextus Pompeius  On the contrary  he used the excuse of the Parthian war for the reason that he did not go sooner against Pompey  So it happened that he neither came to help his allies under pretence of Pompey neither helped Italy  under the pretence of the allies   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5394,"EventTxt":"As he was passing the continent and sailed by Cyprus and Rhodes to Asia  he heard of the news of the siege of Perusina  He accused his brother Lucius and his wife Fulvia but more especially Manius  who was his representative in Italy in his absence  He then sailed into Greece and met his mother Julia and his wife Fulvia who had fled from Italy  From there as he sailed into Italy  he took Sipus   Dio        p       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5395,"EventTxt":"After Fulvia died at Sicyon  her husband Antony was persuaded by his mother Julia and L  Cocceius to make peace with Caesar  Antony recalled Sextus Pompeius  with whom he had already entered into a league   into Sicily  as it were to provide for those things that they had agreed upon  He sent Domitius Aenobarbus into Bithynia to govern there   Appian        p          He knew that Marcellus  the husband of Octavia  the most beloved sister of Caesar  although by another mother  had recently died  To more firmly confirm a peace  Octavia was betrothed to Antony  He did not hide his involvement with Cleopatra but he denied that she was his wife   Appian        p       Livy          Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5396,"EventTxt":"They divided the Roman Empire between them  They made Codropolis  a town of Illyricum   which seemed to be located within the northern most part of the Adriatic Gulf  to be the boundary of each one s dominions  All the eastern countries  as well as the islands and provinces  both of Europe and Asia  even to the river Euphrates  were allocated to Antony  The western areas of Sardinia  Dalmatia  Spain  and Gaul were allocated to Caesar  The provinces of Africa had been given to Lepidus the triumviri from Caesar and Sextus Pompeius had seized Sicily   Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5397,"EventTxt":"The war against Pompeius was assigned to Caesar unless something else happened and Antony took on the Parthian war to revenge the wrong done to Crassus  Domitius Aenobarbus  although he was one of the murderers of Julius Caesar  was taken into a league by Caesar on the same condition that he was formerly by Antony  It was added to the league that it might be lawful for both the generals to muster the same number of legions from Italy  On these articles  the last league was made between Caesar and Antony   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5398,"EventTxt":"Caesar and Antony entered Rome and made a speech about the joy of the peace that was made between them   Grater  inscript  p      The citizens entertained them as in a triumph and clothed them in a triumphal robe  They had them see the plays and seated them in ivory chairs   Dio        p      The marriage between Antony and Octavia was solemnised who was quite pregnant  The law forbid any woman to marry until ten months after the death of her husband but the time was reduced by a decree of the senate   Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p       Dio        p     fin   Antony put Manius to death because he had exasperated Fulvia by his often complaining about Cleopatra and because he had been the cause of so many evils    Appian        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5399,"EventTxt":"Asinius Pollio  had a son born in his consulship  whom he called Salonius  He was named after the city of Salonae of Spalato in Dalmatia  Virgil wrote singing verses about the birth of Salonius Pollio from the Cumaean or Sibylline poems  He classified the ages of the world by metals and in the tenth and last age of the world   in which Solar Apollo was to rule  he foretold that there all things would be restored and stated that this year the golden age  and with it the Virgin  Erigone or Aftraea  who had left the earth in the Iron Age  should return again    Servius  in Virgil  Eclogue       In the description  the poet seems to have inserted those things which either he had heard spoken about by the Jews  whom Cicero  Cicero  pro Flaccus  said that there were many Jews who lived at Rome around the Aurelian stairs  Otherwise Virgil had read this in the books of the prophets which were available in the Greek language","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5400,"EventTxt":"Pacorus  the king of Parthia s son  captured Syria and went into Palestine and deposed Hyrcanus who was appointed by the Romans to govern that country  He put his brother  Aristobulus in his place  Thus Dio   Dio        p         confuses Aristobulus  the father  with Antigonus the son  when as he later always calls this Antigonus  the king and not Aristobulus   Dio        p             p      Josephus describes the matter in detail","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5401,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  the son of Aristobulus  said that he would give the Parthians   talents and   women  if they would give the kingdom from Hyrcanus to him and kill Herod and all his relatives  Although he did not do this  the Parthians marched with their army towards Judea to claim the kingdom for Antigonus  Pacorus  the king s son went by sea and Barzapharnes by land  The Tyrians shut their gates against him but the Sidonians and those of Ptolemais opened their gates to him  He sent a squadron of cavalry under Pacorus  the king s butler  into Judea ahead of him to see what was to be done and he ordered that they should help Antigonus","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5402,"EventTxt":"The Jews who lived at Mount Carmel  allied themselves with Antigonus and were ready with him to invade the enemies  country  He began to get some hope that with their help he might subdue the country of Drynos  He encountered his enemies and chased them right up to Jerusalem","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5403,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  side was greatly increased and they attacked the king s house which Phasaelus and Herod defended  In the market place there was a fight between them and the enemies were overcome by the brethren and fled into the temple  They besieged them in the temple and they appointed   men to keep them and placed them in the adjoining houses  The people bore a grudge against the brethren and burnt them with fire  Herod was very angry and killed many of the people  Every hour  one laid wait for another  so that everyday some were murdered","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5404,"EventTxt":"When the day of Pentecost arrived  there were many thousands of men  as well armed as unarmed  gathered about the temple from all parts of the country  They seized the temple and the city  except the king s house  Herod kept the king s house with a few soldiers as his brother Phasaelus held out on the walls  Herod who was helped by his brother  attacked his enemies in the suburbs and forced many thousands to flee either into the city  the temple or the rampart which was near the city","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5405,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Antigonus asked that Pacorus  the general of the Parthians might be admitted to conclude a peace between them  Pacorus was entertained by Phasaelus and Pacorus persuaded him that he should go as ambassador to Barzapharnes  He laid an ambush for Phasaelus which he suspected and did not go  Herod did not approve of this matter because of the perfidiousness of the barbarians  He advised rather that he would kill Pacorus and those that came with him  Therefore  Hyrcanus and Phasaelus went on with their embassy and Pacorus left with Herod   horsemen and ten whom they call Elutheri and took with him the ambassadors","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5406,"EventTxt":"As soon as they were come into Galilee  the governors of those towns came out against them in arms  Barzapharnes welcomed them with a cheerful countenance and gave gifts to them but later made ambushes for them  Phasaelus was brought with his train to a place near the seaside  called Ecdippon  Ophellus  learned from Saramulla  the richest of all the Syrians  that there were ambushes set for Phasaelus and offered him a ship to escape  He was unwilling to leave Hyrcanus and his brother Herod in jeopardy and expostulated with Barzapharnes concerning the wrongs done to the ambassadors  He swore that these things were not true and soon went to Pacorus","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5407,"EventTxt":"He was no sooner gone then Hyrcanus and Phasaelus were thrown in prison after protesting the perjury of the Parthians  An eunuch was also sent to Herod with orders to surprise him if he could get him out of the city  When Herod knew from others what had happened to his brother  he took with him what forces he had with him and put the women on horses  that is  his mother Cybele  his sister Salome  his wife Mariamme  and the mother of his wife Alexandra  the daughter of Hyrcanus  With these his youngest brother Pheroras  their servants and the rest of the company  Herod fled by night into Idumaea unknown to his enemies","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5408,"EventTxt":"On the journey  his mother was almost killed when her coach overturned  Herod was so terrified  lest the enemy should overtake them while they stayed there that he thought to kill himself with his own sword  He was restrained by them that were about him and he went towards Masada  a most strongly fortified place  which was located in the country of Arabia  and Palestine  He took the shortest way possible  First the Parthians pursued him and then the Jews  When he was only     miles from Jerusalem he defeated both of them in a battle","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5409,"EventTxt":"After he came to Ressa  a village of Idumea  his brother Joseph came to him  He saw that they brought so large multitude with them plus mercenary soldiers that the citadel at Masada where they were planning to flee to  could not hold them  Herod dismissed most of them  He told   to take care of themselves in Idumaea and gave them food  He selected the best men  and his nearest friends and he went into the citadel  He left the women with the rest of their companions there because there was plenty of grain  water and other provisions  He went to Petra  a city of Arabia","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5410,"EventTxt":"The next day after he fled from Jerusalem  the Parthians  plundered all the goods of the citizens of Jerusalem including the king s house  Only the treasure of Hyrcanus  which was   talents  was untouched and a large part of Herod s wealth that he providently had carried into Idumaea  The Parthians were not content with the plunder of the city but went out of the city and harassed the country also  They destroyed the rich city of Marissa","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5411,"EventTxt":"Antigonus  was brought back into his country  by the king of the Parthians and received Hyrcanus and Phasaelus who were then prisoners  He was very much grieved that the women had escaped whom he had intended to turn over to the Parthians  Also the money that he had promised to give them was gone  He was afraid lest Hyrcanus  whom the Parthians held prisoner  should again by the favour of the people  be restored into his kingdom  He cut off his ears that so he might be rendered unfit for the priesthood  The law forbid anyone who lacked any member from being in the priesthood","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Le 21:17-21","BibBk1":"Le","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5412,"EventTxt":"Phasaclus knew that he was appointed to be executed  Since he could not easily commit suicide because his hands were chained  he beat out his own brains against a stone  Before he was dead  he heard by a woman that his brother Herod had escaped  He greatly rejoiced that there was left one to revenge his death  Although Parthians missed the women whom they wanted the most  they settled all things at Jerusalem with Antigonus  When they departed  they took Hyrcanus along with them as a prisoner into Parthia    Josephus Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5413,"EventTxt":"At the same time Labienus took Cilicia and all the cities  except Stratonicea  located in the continent of Asia   From fear of him  Plancus  the lieutenant of Antony in Asia  had fled to the island   He took most without a fight but Melissa and Alabanda  he took by force  When those cities had entertained a garrison from Labienus  on a certain festival day  they killed the garrison and revolted  Therefore after Labienus had captured Alabanda  he executed the citizens  He destroyed Melissa after it was abandoned by its inhabitants  Although he besieged Stratonicea for a long time  yet could he not take the city  Finally  when he had gotten their money and robbed their temples  he called himself the Parthian emperor but for a different reason from the Romans  He gave himself that name after the name of the forces that he led against the Romans as if he had conquered them and not his fellow citizens   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5414,"EventTxt":"Hence the Parthians  conquered for themselves under pretence of auxiliaries for Labienus  their captain  They invaded from the Euphrates into Syria as far as Ionium and behaved more like thieves than enemies   Floras        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Appian  in Syriac  p     in Parthic  p        Civil War  p      To stop this  Antony sent his lieutenant  M  Ventidius Bassus  into Asia   Plutarch  in Antony   Appian  p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5415,"EventTxt":"Ventidius came quickly to Labienus before he knew anything of it  Labienus was terrified by his sudden arrival and he was without his forces  He had none with him except some soldiers gathered from Asia and he did not have any Parthians  Hence he dared not meet him but fled  Ventidius followed him as he fled with his light harnessed soldiers and caught up with him at the Taurus Mountains and would not let him go any farther   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5416,"EventTxt":"In that place they stayed quietly for many days in their camps opposite each other  Labienus waited for the Parthians and Ventidius expected his legions  In those days both wanted to hide  Ventidius feared the Parthian cavalry and stayed up high for there he had made his camp  The Parthians trusted their numbers and despised those whom they had defeated in past times  Before they joined with Labienus  they went early in the morning toward the hill  The Romans boldly came out to them and the Parthians intended to go even to the top of the hill  When they came up  the Romans ran toward them and without much work forced them into a disorderly retreat  The Romans killed some of the Parthians but the most were killed by their own side in their retreat when they saw that some were fleeing when some had just arrived at the hill   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5417,"EventTxt":"Ventidius followed the Parthians that fled into Cilicia to their camp  They did not go toward Labienus  Ventidius saw that Labienus still stood there  When Labienus had set his men in array  he saw that his men were astonished by the flight of the barbarians and he dared not fight  He intended to escape somewhere by night  When Ventidius found out about this from some fugitives from Labienus  he killed many of them as they left by setting ambushes  All the rest deserted Labienus and he fled   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5418,"EventTxt":"Labienus changed his attire and after he had hid in Cilicia for some time  he was sought out and taken by Demetrius who then governed Cyprus for Antony   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5419,"EventTxt":"When these things were done  Ventidius recovered and settled Cilicia  He sent ahead of him  Popedius Silo  with cavalry to the Amanus Mountain  It was located in the region of Cilicia and Syria  He went to take control of the passes  Silo was unable to capture a citadel that was there and also was in extreme danger from Pharnapates  the lieutenant of Pacorus  who held that pass  Silo had been utterly routed but Ventidius came by chance as they were fighting and so brought him help  He attacked the outnumbered Parthians suddenly and Pharnapates along with many others were killed  Ventidius recovered Syria without fighting after the Parthians had abandoned it  He only fought at Aradus  The Arabians feared the punishment for their bold attacks against Antony and did not surrender to Ventidius even though he attacked them for some time   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5420,"EventTxt":"Herod did not know of his brother Phasaelus  death and went to Malchus  the king of the Arabians  Nabateans  who was obliged to him for many favours Herod had done for him  He was willing to spend   talents to redeem his brother as soon as he could from the enemy  For this reason  he took with him Phasaelus  his brother s son  a child of seven years old  to leave him as a pledge with the Arabians  However  he was met by some who were sent from Malchus to him  They told him he should leave Malchus  kingdom for so the Parthians had ordered  However  this was only a pretence he and his nobles agreed to so they could defraud Herod of the treasure which his father Antipater had committed to their custody  Herod was very discouraged and returned to a certain temple where he had left many of his followers  The next day when he came to Rhinocorura  he heard of his brother s death   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5421,"EventTxt":"Malchus was sorry for his ingratitude and quickly sent after Herod  He could not overtake him for he was gone far on his way to Pelusium  The sailors who were to sail to Alexandria  denied him passage  Herod was honourably entertained by the magistrates of the place and brought to Cleopatra  the queen  She could not detain him because he was hurried to Rome although the sea was very stormy and the affairs in Italy at that time were in bad condition  It was not yet winter time   as Salianus had observed Tormellus    AM  num         I take that ceimwio ogto in Josephus concerning a storm at sea  Herod ignored the storms and sailed from Alexandria toward Pamphylia  He ran into a violent storm and had to throw most of his goods overboard and barely got to Rhodes   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5422,"EventTxt":"He was met at Rhodes by two of his best friends  Sappinas and Ptolemais  They found that the city had suffered much in the war against Cassius  He could not be restrained in even his present poverty but wanted to do something for Rhodes even above his ability  He had a frigate to be built  Then Herod embarked with his friends and he arrived at Brundusium in Italy  From there he went to Rome and told Antony those things which had happened to him and his family  He mentioned the storms dia comdto and recounted all the dangers and that he had retired to Antony  his only refuge in whom all his hope lay   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5423,"EventTxt":"The story stirred Antony and he recalled also his father s friendship  He was especially moved by the promise of money if he made Herod king and his hatred of Antigonus who was a man of a turbulent spirit and an enemy to the Romans  This made him more inclined to Herod  Caesar was also moved  Antipater had been a fellow soldier with his father in Egypt and for other courtesies which Antipater had showed his father  To satisfy Antony whom he knew was well disposed to Herod  Caesar was willing to promote his endeavours  Thereupon  the senate was called  Messala and Atratinus brought out Herod  After they had praised him  they recalled the services and good will that both his father and he had done for the Romans  They accused Antigonus for previous crimes and for his recent sedition against the Romans  He had received the kingdom from the Parthians  When Antony had declared to the senate  how helpful it would be to the Parthian war that was still raging if Herod should be made king  Antigonus was declared an enemy and the kingly title was given to Herod by their general consent    Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5424,"EventTxt":"After the senate was dismissed  Antony and Caesar went out and led Herod between them  They were accompanied by the consuls and other magistrates  They went up to the capital to sacrifice there and to place the decree of the senate there  Antony feasted the new king on the first day of his reign  Hence Herod obtained the kingdom in the  th Olympiad   not  th as it is in Josephus   Domitius Calvinus  nd and Asinius Pollio were consuls  Within seven days  Antony dismissed Herod from Italy who was honoured with this unexpected friendship   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3964,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3964b AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5425,"EventTxt":"At the same time of Herod s absence  Antigonus attacked his family in Masada  They had plenty of provisions but lacked water  For this reason  Herod s brother  Joseph  planned with   of his friends to escape to the Arabians  He had heard that Malchus now repented of the ingratitude that he had showed to Herod  However  it rained that night and he changed his mind for the cisterns were filled with water  They made a gallant sally out and killed many of Antigonus  men  in the open field and in surprise attacks   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5426,"EventTxt":"Ventidius easily recovered Palestine  Antigonus who was its king  was very afraid and Ventidius exacted huge sums of money from all men  especially from Antigonus  Antiochus  Commagenian  and Malchus the Nabatean  They had helped Pacorus   Dio        p      He came also into Palestine  under the pretence to help Joseph  His real purpose was to extort money from Antigonus  Therefore he camped near Jerusalem and drew from him a sufficient sum of money and to the intent that his fraudulent dealing should not be discovered  he left Silo there with some part of his forces  Antigonus was to obey Silo lest he should create some new troubles  He hoped the Parthians would come to his aid        Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5427,"EventTxt":"There was in the company of Antony an Egyptian  an astrologer who told him that although his fortune was most splendid and great  it was obscured by the fortune of Caesar  Therefore he persuaded him to get as far away from that young man as he could  for your genius is afraid of his genius  When your genius is erect and high when alone  it becomes more remiss when Caesar draws near   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5428,"EventTxt":"After these things  Antony went to go to the Parthian war  He had all his acts  those past and future  confirmed by the senate  Again  he dismissed many of his commanders and settled all things as he wished  He made some kings by his own authority who would only pay a certain tribute  He made Herod  king both of the Idumeans and Samaritans  Darius  the son of Pharnaces and nephew of Mithridates  of Pontus  Amyntus of the Pisidians  Polemon of part of Cilicia and other kings in other countries    Appian        p       He committed the care of his family to Caesar and he left Italy and took Octavia with him into Greece  He had one son by her   Plutarch  in Antony  He stayed there many days   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5429,"EventTxt":"Normally  Antony would winter his army around him  However  to get them accustomed to plunder and exercise  he sent them against the Parthieni  a country of Illyria which in previous times greatly troubled Brutus  He sent others against the Dardanians who also lived in Illyria and were in the habit of invading Macedonia  He ordered others to stay with him in Epirus that he might have them all around him  He planned to make Athens his winter quarters  He sent also Furnius into Africa  that he might lead the four legions of Sextius against the Parthians for he had not as yet heard that Lepidus had taken them from Sextius  When these things were done  he wintered at Athens with Octavia as he had done before at Alexandria with Cleopatra   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5430,"EventTxt":"As he wintered at Athens  he heard early reports about Ventidius  good success  He learned that the Parthians were defeated and Ventidius had killed Labienus and Pharnapates or Phraates the chief general of king Herod or Orodes  For these victories  he made a feast for the Greeks and held games for the people of Athens  He was the main person in the games  Therefore he left at home his imperial ensigns and went abroad with the rods that judges in such exercises used  He was clothed with coats and shoes called Phaecasia  He joined the young gamesters  When they had contended as long as he thought good  he ended the games   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5431,"EventTxt":"Antony was praised at Rome and processions were decreed in his name  Ventidius received no reward as decreed by the senate  because he was not a general but carried on the war under the authority of another   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5432,"EventTxt":"Castor received the countries of Attalus and Dejotarus after they had died   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5433,"EventTxt":"When Herod returned from Italy to Ptolemais  he gathered a number of mercenaries and those of his own country and hurried through Galilee against Antigonus  He was helped by Silo and Ventidius  to whom Dellius  for so his name is to be read   Josephus  Antiq         c      not Gellius  was sent from Antony with orders that they should help him get his kingdom  Ventidius was by chance detained for settling the uprisings in various cities that the Parthians had caused  Silo was in Judea but bribed with money from Antigonus  However  Herod s forces increased daily and all of Galilee with few exceptions stood by Herod   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5434,"EventTxt":"As Herod was marching to Masada to help his family  Joppa would not let him pass  He must first take the city from the possession of the enemy because he would not leave behind him any fortification on his march to Jerusalem  Silo had taken Jerusalem and dislodged Antigonus  army  When the Jews pursued him  Herod met them with a small band of men and saved Silo who fought very cowardly   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5435,"EventTxt":"After Joppa was taken  he hurried to Masada to deliver his family from the siege  His army was greatly increased and many of the country people joined with him  After he had freed his friends from Masada  he approached Jerusalem in spite of Antigonus who had made ambushes for him in all convenient places  The soldiers also of Silo followed him and many of the Jews were terrified by his power  When he had camped on the west side of the city  those that held the walls on that side shot at him with their arrows  Various men came out in troops and attacked their quarters  Herod commanded an herald to proclaim around the walls that he came for the public good and for the preservation of the city and that he would pardon all former wrongs  On the other side  Antigonus talked to Silo and the Romans  He told them that it was unjust to give the kingdom to Herod who was a private man and an Idumaean  that is  an half Jew  By custom  it ought to be given to the priests  When as Antigonus  men  valiantly shot from the towers and had driven the enemy from the walls  he bribed secretly some Silo s soldiers whom he knew  They were to demand more provisions and money to buy them with  Also they were to request to be withdrawn into more commodious winter quarters  Thereupon the army was troubled and was preparing to leave  Herod intreated the captains and soldiers of Silo s army that they would not leave him now  He was sent both by Caesar and Antony and all the rest of the senate  Soon he sent his soldiers into the country and removed any pretence for Silo to leave  They returned with an abundant supply of provisions that was more than anyone could hope for  He ordered his friends who lived around Samaria that they should bring to Jericho  grain  wine  oil  cattle and other necessaries so that for the future  there might be enough for the soldiers   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5436,"EventTxt":"When Antigonus knew this  he sent into the country troops to intercept those bringing supplies  However  Herod captured them with his ten cohorts  five were Romans and five were Jews  Herod intermixed some foreign soldiers and a few cavalry with them and went to Jericho  He found the city empty of the inhabitants    had fled with their families to the tops of the hills  Herod captured these and let them go again  The Romans entered the city and plundered it  They found the houses full of all precious things  Herod left a garrison and returned and dismissed the Roman army to winter in the countries that had recently surrendered to him  These were Idumaea  Galilee and Samaria  Antigonus also obtained by bribing Silo that part of the Roman army should be lodged in Lydda to please Antony  Thus the Romans lived in plenty and free from bearing arms   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-40,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4674,"Dating":"3965a AM, 4674 JP, 40 BC"}
{"Index":5437,"EventTxt":"Herod was not idle  He sent his brother Joseph into Idumaea with   foot soldiers and   cavalry  Herod went into Samaria  and there settled his mother and the rest of his family whom he had taken from Masada  He then marched into Galilee and surprised some places that were held by Antigonus  garrisons  When he came to Sephorus in snowy weather  Antigonus  men fled from there and Herod took great amounts of provisions  From there he sent a cavalry troop and three companies of foot soldiers against some thieves who lived in caves near the village of Arbella  He wanted to keep them in check  On the  th day Herod came there with the whole army whom the enemy boldly met  They made his left wing begin to waver  until he arrived with the main body and helped them  He forced his enemy that was winning  to flee and his own men who were fleeing to stand  He was not content with this and he followed the chase as far as the Jordan River  By this he subdued all Galilee except those that inhabited the caves  He gave every soldier   drachmas and more to the captains  Then he dismissed them into their winter quarters   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5438,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Silo came to him with his captains who had wintered with Antigonus  for he would not supply them any longer than one month  Antigonus had sent to the inhabitants around there and ordered them  to destroy all supplies in the country and to flee to the mountains  He did this so that the Romans might perish through famine  However  Herod committed the care of the provisions to his brother  Pheroras and ordered him to rebuild Alexandrium  In a short time Pheroras had furnished the soldiers with abundance of all necessaries and rebuilt Alexandrium again which was previously destroyed  About this time Antony stayed at Athens    Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5439,"EventTxt":"When P  Ventidius heard that Pacorus was gathering an army and coming into Syria  he was afraid  The cities were not guarded and the armies still dispersed in their winter quarters  Therefore to stop Pacorus and buy time to get his own forces together  he went to Chaunaeus  a certain governor with whom he was well acquainted and he knew was friendly to the Parthians  Nevertheless he highly honoured him as if he had been his faithful friend and asked his advice in some affairs  He pretended to let him think he was in on his most secret plans  Hence he pretended as though he were afraid lest the Parthians not follow their usual crossing over the Euphrates River at Zeugma and use some lower part of the river  That area was a plain and better for the Parthian cavalry and the other place was hilly and favoured him  Then he persuaded Chaunaeus and by him deceived Pacorus  The Parthians took the longer march through the plain  through which Ventidius pretended he did not want them to go   This gave Ventidius time to collect his forces  This is how Dio related the story   Dio        p          Frontinus stated it happened this way   Frontinus  Stratagem        c      Ventidius  in the Parthian war against King Pacorus  knew that Pharneus who was a Cyrrhestian and pretended to be one of his allies  told the Parthians whatever was done in his camp  He used the perfidiousness of the barbarian to his own advantage  For those things that he most desired  he pretended as though he were afraid they should happen  Those he was most afraid of  he made as though he desired  He was really afraid lest the Parthians would cross the Euphrates River before that his legions could come to him which he had in Cappadocia on the other side of Taurus  He very carefully deceived the traitor that by his normal spying  he would persuade the Parthians that they should cross over with their army at Zeugma  Here the journey is shorter and the channel not so deep  If they came that way  he affirmed that he could make much use of the hills to evade the archers but he was very afraid if they should come by the plain","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5440,"EventTxt":"Antony spent the winter at Athens with great luxury and enjoying the pleasure of Octavia  as if he had been a different man  He returned to the old Roman virtues  Now the lictors were around the gates and the captains and his guards with him  He arranged all things to make men afraid of him  Ambassadors now had an audience who had waited a long time  Justice was administered  the ships were launched and all things were done quickly   Appian        p      Finally  he took a crown from the sacred olive tree and was ready to go to war  To satisfy a certain oracle  he carried with him a vessel filled from the Mountain Clapsydra   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5441,"EventTxt":"In Syria  Ventidius sent for Silo to go against the Parthians  He ordered him first to help Herod and then to bring Herod along with the rest of the auxiliaries of those provinces  However  Herod  had sent Silo to him and marched with his soldiers against the thieves that lived in the caves  Josephus gives more details about this   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5442,"EventTxt":"Herod made Ptolemais governor of the country but his government was disturbed when it was invaded by those who previously bothered that country  Ptolemais was killed  After this the invaders retired to the marshes and unaccessible places and robbed and invaded all that country  When Herod returned  he made them pay dearly for their thievery  Some of the rebellious persons were killed and others fled into fortified places  Herod conquered them and he punished them  He razed their strong holds and got rid of the leaders of these revolts  He fined the cities   talents   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5443,"EventTxt":"Pacorus arrived in Syria with numerous Parthian forces that went by the shorter route at Zeugma while he brought his army around by the plain  While the barbarians made a bridge between the wider banks  it was more unwieldy  It took   days to come with their army and the engines  Ventidius used this time to gather his forces which he received only three days before the Parthians came  Ventidius had allowed them to cross the river for he did not attack them in their crossing  He made them think that the Romans were effeminate and cowards  Ventidius pretended fear and did not attack them but suffered the insults of the Parthians for a long time  At last he sent some of the legions against them when they were in security and not watchful  On the first attack the Parthians were discomfited and routed  When Pacorus saw his men fleeing  he thought that all the legions had attacked them  Therefore he attacked Ventidius  camp  with his main body  as though it had been left without anyone to defend it  It was located on an hill and when the Parthian cavalry attacked it  they were easily pushed down the precipice by a sudden sally that the Romans made  However  Ventidius did not lead out the rest of the legions from the camp again  until they were come within half a mile of him  Then he made so sudden assault when they were near him  Their arrows were no use against him because he was still too far away  By this plan  he quickly set upon the barbarians who were over confident  His slingers helped him very much and exceedingly afflicted the barbarians with their violent strokes from a distance  However the Parthians  of whom many were armed at all points  fought stoutly  Pacorus himself valiantly fought and was killed  A few courageously strove in vain for his body  Ventidius killed all the Parthian cavalry all along between the Orontes and Euphrates Rivers  He killed over     which was the most the Parthians had lost in any war  Those that tried to get home over the bridge were prevented by their enemies and were killed  Others fled into Commagena  to King Antiochus  Thus Ventidius again drove the Parthians within Media and Mesopotamia  but would not pursue them any farther for fear of the envy of Antony   Livy          Floras        c       Strabo        p       Velleius Paterculus        c       Josephus  Antiq        c       Gellius        c     ex Suetonius   Justin        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Julius Frontonius  Stratagem        c           c      Dio        p      Eutropius          Sextus Rufus  in Breviario    Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5444,"EventTxt":"The most famous victory was obtained in Syria Cyrrestica   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p      Strabo        p      Pacorus was killed on the same day of the year when fourteen years earlier  his father  Orodes  had killed Crassus by his captain Surena   Dio        p       Eutropius          Sextus Rufus  in Breviario    Orosius        c      This happened in the month of June   Ovid  Fasti","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5445,"EventTxt":"Ventidius made an expedition against those who had revolted and subdued them   Plutarch  in Antony  The Syrians loved Pacorus very much for his justice and clemency and never had any king like him   Dio        p       Therefore  when Syria was uncertain about the outcome of the war  Ventidius carried about Pacorus  head to all the cities that had revolted  He easily restored order without any fighting   Dio        p       Floras        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5446,"EventTxt":"Orodes had previously heard that Syria was wasted and Asia seized by the Parthians and he gloried that Pacorus had conquered the Romans  When he suddenly heard of his son s death and the destruction of his army  he went mad for very grief  For many days  he spoke to no one nor ate anything  He was speechless so that he seemed to be stricken dumb  After many days  when grief had restored his voice  he did nothing but call to Pacorus to speak and stand beside him  Then again he would with many tears bewail the loss of him   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5447,"EventTxt":"At Rome  the senate decreed for this victory against the Parthians  processions and a triumph  As of yet  Ventidius had never triumphed because he was not a general and according to the laws  because it was his province  These things were decreed for Antony because he seemed abundantly to have recompensed the defeat of Crassus by the destruction of Pacorus   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5448,"EventTxt":"Ventidius led his army against Antiochus  the Commagenian  under the pretence that he had not given him his servants  He really wanted all of Antiochus  treasure   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5449,"EventTxt":"Ventidius attacked Antiochus and besieged him in Samosata  He promised to give Ventidius   talents and that he would obey Antony  Ventidius ordered him to send ambassadors to Antony  for he was far from there  to demand peace from him  Only Antony could grant peace and Ventidius did not want to appear to have acted alone in this   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5450,"EventTxt":"Antony ordered Ventidius to send Machaeras to help Herod with two legions and   cavalry    Josephus  Antiq         c      Antony was happy but envious of both the victories Ventidius had over Labienus and Pacorus  Ventidius had good success all by himself  Although there were processions and a triumph decreed to him for both the victories that Ventidius had gotten  yet Antony removed him from his charge   the government of Syria  and neither then nor later used his help any more  Thus wrote Dio  However  Plutarch wrote that Ventidius was honoured by Antony and that he was sent by Antony to the triumph","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5451,"EventTxt":"Machaeras at the instigation of Antigonus with the approval of Herod  acted like he had been bribed and went to Antigonus to look into his actions  Antigonus suspected him and did not allow him in but drove him from there with slings  Machaeras knew that Herod had given him good counsel and he was wrong for not following it  Therefore  he went to Emmaus and on his march  he killed all the Jews that he found whether they were friend or foe  He was angry at those things that had happened  Herod was grieved by his actions and went to Samaria and planned to go to Antony to say that he needed different men than those who did him more harm than his enemies  Herod would subdue Antigonus by himself  Machaeras caught up to him and begged him to stay or if he was determined to go on  at least that he would give him his brother Joseph so that they together could make war against Antigonus  After much intreaty  Herod was reconciled to Machaeras  He left Joseph  his brother  with the army and ordered him that in his absence he was to fight with Antigonus but take no unnecessary risks  Herod hurried to Antony  whom he found assaulting Samosata  a city near Euphrates  and brought with him auxiliaries of foot soldiers and cavalry   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5452,"EventTxt":"After Herod came to Antioch  he found many there who wanted to help Antony but dared not go because the barbarians were lying in wait along the way  Herod offered to escort them and so he came to Samosata to Antony  He had defeated the barbarians once or twice  Antony entertained Herod very honourably and was much praised for his valour   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5453,"EventTxt":"The siege of Samosata lasted for a long time and the besieged behaved valiantly for they despaired of peace   Plutarch  in Antony  Antony suspected that his soldiers were alienated from him because he had used Ventidius very poorly as Dio wrote  He privately mentioned some hope of peace so that he might depart with honour  When he could only receive two hostages who were not noble men and they would not give him any money  he granted peace to Antiochus and was content with the   talents  Antiochus yielded to him that he might put to death Alexander who had formerly fled from him to the Romans   Dio        p       Plutarch  in Antony   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3965,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3965b AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5454,"EventTxt":"This war was thus concluded  Antony made C  Sosius  the governor of Syria and Cilicia with an army   Dio        p       Josephus        p      He had often very good success in fighting in Syria   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5455,"EventTxt":"After the affairs in Syria were somewhat settled  Plutarch wrote that Antony returned to Athens  Josephus said that he went into Egypt  Dio said he intended to go to Italy  It seems that he may first have returned to Athens and from there to have passed into Italy after being called there by Caesar and then returned to Athens to have sailed to Egypt to spend the winter with Cleopatra  He was sent for by Caesar from Athens that they might consult together about the war against Sextus Pompeius  He came with a few men as far as Brundusium where he did not find Caesar on the appointed day  He was frightened by a certain prodigy and he went back again to Greece under the pretence of the urgency of the Parthian war  Caesar was not pleased that he did not wait for him   Appian        p          Dio        p      Joseph forgot his brother Herod s orders and while he was away he went toward Jericho with his own and five Roman cohorts given him by Machaecas  He wanted to harvest the enemies  grain which was now ripe  He camped in the mountains  The Roman cohorts were mostly raw soldiers and unskilled in the art of military matters because most of them were taken from Syria  He was surrounded by the enemies in the midst of those places and lost six cohorts  He fought valiantly but was killed  Antigonus who had the dead bodies  was so enraged that he whipped the dead body of Joseph even though Pheroras  his brother  offered   talents to redeem it  After this Galilaeans revolted from their governors and drowned those that were of Herod s side in the lake  In Idumea  also there were many seditions when Machaecas fortified Gitta   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5456,"EventTxt":"Caius Sosius was ordered by Antony to help Herod against Antigonus and sent with him two cohorts to Judea   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c      He subdued the Aradians who had endured a siege but now were worn out with famine and sickness   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5457,"EventTxt":"Herod found out at Daphne in the suburbs of Antioch about his brother s death and the military defeat  Herod expected this because of some dreams that he had  Therefore he hurried and he came to the Libanus Mountain  He took with him   men from that place and led one cohort of the Romans with him and came to Ptolemais  From there by night  he went with the army and crossed Galilee   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5458,"EventTxt":"He met his enemies and defeated them and forced them into the castle from which they came from the day before  When Herod attacked at day break  he was forced to stop because of bad weather  He led his men into the adjoining villages  When another cohort arrived from Antony  those who held the fort were dismayed and forsook it at night  Herod hurried to Jericho  with an intent to revenge his brother s death  When he arrived  he made a feast for the noblemen  After the feast was over and the guests dismissed  he retired to his lodging  The room where they ate was now empty and collapsed and no one was hurt  By this event  all thought Herod to be beloved of God who had so miraculously preserved him    Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5459,"EventTxt":"The next day   of the enemies came down from the tops of the mountains to fight with him  They terrified the Romans with their arrows and stones  They chased Herod s soldiers so that the king himself received a wound in his side   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5460,"EventTxt":"Antigonus sent a captain whose name was Pappus into Samaria who desired to show off the size of his forces and fought against Machaecas  Herod had taken five towns and killed   of the garrison soldiers  Then he set the towns on fire and he went against Pappus  who was camped at a village called Isanae   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5461,"EventTxt":"Many came to Herod from Jericho and Judea  When he saw the enemy was so bold as to come to battle with him  he fought and defeated them  He was so inflamed with a desire to revenge his brother s death  he slew those who fled and followed them even into the village  The houses were filled with soldiers and some fled to the tops of the houses for safety  These were overcome and the houses thrown down  He found all other places filled with soldiers who were miserably crushed to death  The rest fled in companies and were very afraid  Immediately Herod went to Jerusalem and had not the bitterness of the winter hindered him he would have ended the war  Now Antigonus began to think of fleeing and to forsake the city   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5462,"EventTxt":"In the evening when Herod had dismissed his friends to refresh themselves  he was still sweating in his armour and went into a chamber accompanied with only one servant to wash himself  Inside some of his enemies who were armed  were hiding from fear  While he was naked and washed himself  one with a drawn sword hurried to escape through the doors and then another and likewise a third  all of them were armed  They were so astonished that they were glad to save themselves and did no harm to Herod  The next day  he cut off Papus  head and sent it to his brother  Pherorus in revenge for his brother s death whom he had killed  It was Pappus who with his own hand  had killed Joseph   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5463,"EventTxt":"At Rome  four days before   th calends  of December  P  Ventidius for his victory at Taurus Mountains and over the Parthians  as we read in marble calendars of the triumphs   Grater  inscript  p       Ventidius Bassus was a man of lowly parentage and rose by the favour of Antony to such height of honour that he was made governor of the eastern provinces  He triumphed for his conquest over Labienus Pacoras and the Parthians  who himself was twice  if we may believe Massurius in Pliny  led in triumph with other captives    Velleius Paterculus        c       Valerius Maximus        c       Pliny        c       Gellius        c     ex Suetonius   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p      Eutropius         See note for the end of the year   JP  Spain was now controlled by Caesar Octavian after being subdued by Domitius Calvinus  the proconsul  The Spaniards began their computation of time from the first of January of this year as may be understood from others and also from Eulogius  the archbishop of Toledo  in his Memorial of the Saints","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5464,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring  Antony arrived with   ships at Tarentum from Syria according to Dio  or from Athens according to Appian  He came to help Caesar against Sextus Pompeius  Caesar refused his help and Antony took this badly  However  he stayed in the same place since he had unwillingly spent so much on this navy and he needed Italian legions for the Parthian war  He thought to exchange his fleet for them  Although by the agreement  both of them had power to raise soldiers in Italy  However  this would be very difficult for him  since Italy by lot was allocated to Caesar  Therefore he sent Octavia  who accompanied him from Greece and who also was then with child and by whom Antony had had a second daughter  to her brother Caesar  He hoped she would make peace between them  She helped settle matters so that Antony should deliver to Caesar at Tarentum presently    ships   for which Plutarch wrote   war ships   For these  Caesar promised that he would send to Antony from Italy duo tagmata  as it is in Plutarch  or     soldiers  as Appian has it   Moreover besides the covenants  Octavia obtained for her brother of her husband    small ships  as Plutarch stated or ten galleys of three tiers of oars      as Appian stated  Caesar again gave to Octavia    men for Antony s guard and let Antony chose them   Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p          Dio        p      To strengthen the alliance  Caesar betrothed his daughter  Julia  to Antyllus the son of Antony and Antony betrothed the daughter he had by Octavia  to Domitius  Aenobarous  although he was guilty of the murder of Julius Caesar and had been proscribed  These things were only done for show and they had no intention of following through but did this for expediency s sake   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5465,"EventTxt":"After the five years time of the triumvirate had expired  they extended their power for another five years and did not ask for the people s consent   Dio        p        Appian        p          Antony sent back Octavia to Italy out of fear of any danger in the Parthian war  He commended to Caesar  the children that he had both by her and Fulvia and he went into Syria   Plutarch  in Antony   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5466,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra built a new library in the same place where the old one at Alexandria was burnt in Julius Caesar s time  the library was called the daughter of the former one as Epiphanius affirms in his book of measures and weights  From the  th year of Ptolemais Philadelphus  in which we have shown at the year   JP when the previous library was built  Epiphanius incorrectly calculated   years to this time which should end in the year   JP which was one year after Cleopatra s death  The main cause of his error is this  Epiphanius attributed   years to the reign of Cleopatra  instead of    If we deduct ten years from both  we make the time between the founding of the two libraries    years  To this time belongs what Plutarch  Plutarch  in Antony  wrote that it was objected to Antony by Calvinius  vv that he had given to Cleopatra the libraries that were at Pergamos in which were     entire books or single volumes","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5467,"EventTxt":"Strabo spoke of katoikiatou pergamou  possessions  not of libraries that were then extant in his time  Strabo        p       as Lipsius thought in the fourth chapter of his Syntagme of libraries","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5468,"EventTxt":"Herod in the beginning of the third year after he had been declared king at Rome  came with an army to Jerusalem and camped near the city  He soon moved nearer the place where he planned to first to assault the walls  He placed his tents before the temple and intended to assail them where Pompey had done in the past  Therefore he surrounded the place with three bulwarks and he erected his batteries with the help of many workmen  He brought materials from all places around there  He placed suitable men to oversee the works while he went to Samaria to solemnize his marriage with Mariamme  the daughter of Alexander the son of Aristobulus  who was formerly betrothed to him    Josephus  Antiq        c     fin","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5469,"EventTxt":"After the marriage  Sosius came through Phoenicia after he had sent his army through the continent  He came there himself with many cavalry and foot soldiers  Herod also came from Samaria with a considerable army of     men  He had eleven legions of foot soldiers and  avalry in addition to the Syrian auxiliaries   who were not included in the total   He made their camp at the north wall of the city  Two generals were over the army  Herod and Sosius  who was sent by Antony to help Herod  Herod started this war to oust Antigonus who was an enemy of the people of Rome and so that he might be king in his place according to the decree of the senate   Josephus  Antiq         c     Wars        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5470,"EventTxt":"The Jews were gathered from the whole country and here besieged within the walls  They made valiant resistance and boasted much of the temple of the Lord and wished well to the people  They said that God would not forsake his people in their danger  They destroyed all the provisions which were outside the city  both for man and horse  They secretly stole supplies and made provisions very scarce for the besiegers  However  Herod provided well for this  He placed ambushes in suitable places and he prevented their thievery  He sent his soldiers to fetch provisions from afar so that in a short time the army was well furnished with all supplies   Josephus  Antiq         c     Wars        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5471,"EventTxt":"The large number of the workmen easily finished the three bulwarks  It was now summer and the work went on and he was not hindered by bad weather  He often battered the walls with his engines and attacked all parts of it  The besieged fought valiantly and used all their cunning to evade their enemies  endeavours  They often sallied out and set fire to their works  Some of the works were finished and some were still in construction  They fought valiantly hand to hand with the Romans and were just as brave but not as well trained as the Romans were   Josephus  Antiq         c     Wars        c","YearBCAD":-39,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3966,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4675,"Dating":"3966a AM, 4675 JP, 39 BC"}
{"Index":5472,"EventTxt":"The sabbatical year was now approaching and brought a famine to the Jews that were besieged  In spite of this  they built a new wall to replace the parts which were battered down by the engines  They countermined the enemies  mines so that sometimes they fought hand to hand underground and using despair rather than courage they held out to the last   Josephus  Antiq         c      Pollio  the Pharisee and Samias  his disciple  advised them to let Herod into the city  They said that because of their sins  it was inevitable that Herod would be their king   Josephus  Antiq         c            c","YearBCAD":-38,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4676,"Dating":"3967a AM, 4676 JP, 38 BC"}
{"Index":5473,"EventTxt":"They held out in the siege for five months for there was so large an army besieging them   Josephus  Wars        c      Finally    of Herod s best soldiers got on the wall and were followed by the centurions of Sosius   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-38,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4676,"Dating":"3967a AM, 4676 JP, 38 BC"}
{"Index":5474,"EventTxt":"The first wall was taken on the  th day and the second one on the  th  Some galleries around the temple were burnt which Herod blamed Antigonus for so the people would hate him  The outer part of the temple was taken and then the lower city  The Jews fled into the inner part of the temple and the upper city  They feared that they should be hindered from offering the daily sacrifices to God and sent ambassadors to ask permission that those beasts only might be brought in  Herod granted this and hoped by this that they would not be obstinate and submit themselves   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-38,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4676,"Dating":"3967a AM, 4676 JP, 38 BC"}
{"Index":5475,"EventTxt":"When Herod saw this was not going to happen and that the besieged obstinately fought to protect the government of Antigonus  Herod made a general assault and took the city  Josephus  Antiq         c       on the first of January of the   JP on the second day of the month Chisleu  According to the records of the eastern people of the civil year  this was the third in which the  th day when the Jews kept a solemn fast  in memory of the holy roll that was burnt by Jehoiakim  See note on  a AM","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5476,"EventTxt":"The first of January  because of the incorrect intercalating done at that time at Rome was really the last day of December  This concluded the first five years of the triumviri and also the consulship of Claudius and Nortanus to which this calamity of the Jews is referred by Dio   Dio        p       The next day  M  Vespsanius Agrippa and L  Cuminius Gallus entered their consulships at Rome  Josephus stated   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult   vv This calamity of Jerusalem happened in the consulship of M  Agrippa and Canidius Gallus in the  th Olympiad   that is in the third year  the third month on a solemn fast day  It was as if the calamity that happened to the Jews twenty seven years earlier was about again to repeat itself at the same time   for the city was taken by Herod on the same day","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5477,"EventTxt":"But yet this interval of time exceeds the true account by one year unless you interpret metaeth kz  in the year after the twenty seventh  as in Mr      It is said that Christ shall rise again  meta ptirieth Chonok after three days which is more clearly explained Mt     thpeith imira on the third day  In APC  Ma     moqrieth chirth after the time of three years  The interpreters explain it to be the third year  In the Catalogue of the Station  of Julius Africanus   lth Olympiad the games of Olympus are said to be celebrated by Nero not at a lawful time  but mita xth dno  that is  in the second year of that Olympiad   in Graec  Eusebian  Scaligeri  p      Even in Josephus himself that  Josephus  Wars        c      stated dentef outj","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5478,"EventTxt":"After the city was captured  it was filled with murdered bodies  The Romans were incensed that they had to continue the siege for so long and the Herodian Jews tried to eliminate the opposing faction  There were continual slaughters through the porches and houses  The reverence of the temple did not save the suppliants  They spared neither age nor sex  not even children  Although Herod begged and intreated them to stop  no one obeyed him but continued as if they had been mad and they showed their cruelty without respect of age   Josephus  Antiq        cult","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5479,"EventTxt":"Antigonus came down from the town and fell at Sosius  feet  He did not show any pity because of his change of his fortune but insulted him and called him  Madam Antigona  He put him in prison and set keepers over him   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5480,"EventTxt":"When a number of mercenaries rushed into the temple and even its inner sanctuary  Herod restrained them by entreaty  some by threats and some by force of arms  He thought his victory worse than if he had been defeated if any of those things which were not lawful to be seen were beheld by the profane people  He forbid any plundering in the city as much he was able to  Likewise he entreated Sosius and asked if the Romans would make him king of a wilderness since the city was so depopulated with repines and murders  He replied that the soldiers desired the plunder of the city because of the long siege they endured  Herod answered that he would reward every man from his own treasury and by this means he freed the city from any further trouble  He kept his promise and he generously gave gifts to the soldiers and in proportion to the commanders and royally to Sosius  So Sosius  offered a crown of gold to God and left Jerusalem  He took Antigonus with him prisoner to Antony    Josephus  Antiq         c  ult","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5481,"EventTxt":"Herod made a distinction between the people of the city  He promoted those on his side and daily killed those on the opposing side   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c      Among those whom he killed  were all those judges of the great sanhedrim who had accused him of some capital crime before he was king  He spared Pollio  the Pharisee  and his disciple  Samias and he highly honoured them   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c           c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5482,"EventTxt":"He gathered together all the royal ornaments and by collections and by taking away from rich men  he got a large amount of gold and silver which he gave to Antony and his soldiers  He put to death   of Antigonus  chief noble men and set a watch at the doors that none of them might be carried out under pretence of being dead  All the gold or silver that was found  was all brought to Herod so that there was no end of these miseries  The covetousness of the needy conqueror consumed all their goods  Since it was a sabbatical year  the fields were not tilled for it was unlawful to sow them   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5483,"EventTxt":"These miserable times were witnessed by Zacharias the priest  with his wife Elizabeth  Of the remains of David s family  Heli and Joseph saw these things  It was also witnessed by Anna the prophetess  of the tribe of Asher and Simon the Just who received an answer from the Holy Spirit that he should not see death until he had seen the Lord s Christ  Lu","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5484,"EventTxt":"Antony took Antigonus and planned to keep him prisoner with him until his triumph  He saw that Herod was afraid  lest when Antigonus was brought to Rome by Antony  he would contend with him before the senate for his right to the kingdom  Antony heard that the country was ready to revolt from hatred to Herod and they favoured Antigonus  Antony received large sums of money from Herod  he cut off Antigonus  head at Antioch  He gave him the vain hope of life right up to the end  After this was done  Herod was totally free from fear  The government of the Hasmonaeans was now ended   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult         c      Wars     I e","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5485,"EventTxt":"Two years and seven months elapsed from the beginning of the priesthood and government of Antigonus  to the taking of Jerusalem  From this also the third year of his reign of both Antigonus and Herod  Antigonus was killed by Antony  This is written in the  nd chapter of the Jewish History which is written in Arabic and set forth in the Paris Bible of many languages  However  Josephus attributes to Antigonus  three years and three months   Josephus  Antiq         c      If this included the time up until his death  it would extend to August of this year  According to our account  from the beginning of the raise of Judas Maccabaeus until now  elapsed   years and two or three months  Josephus  agreed  Josephus  Antiq        c  ult   and wrote that the government of the Hasmonaeans ended and Antigonus was killed  mepi thrus was   years  This is calculated from the beginning of Judas Maccabaeus to the beginning of the third year of the reign of Herod when the siege of Jerusalem began","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5486,"EventTxt":"Other foreign writers have written concerning the taking of Jerusalem and the death of Antigonus  Livy  Livy         referred to this time in the epitome of which  vv The Jews are said to be subdued by the lieutenants of Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5487,"EventTxt":"So said the old books  where in the language it is written  vv The ambassadors of the Jews were killed by Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5488,"EventTxt":"We have this record of the death of Antigonus preserved by Josephus   Josephus  Antiq         c      from the books of Strabo  the Cappadocian  vv Antony brought Antigonus  the Jew  to Antioch and had him beheaded  He was supposed to be the first among the Romans that put a king to death after this manner because he thought that the Jews could not tolerate Herod for their king if Antigonus was alive  No matter how Herod oppressed them  they would not recognise him as king because they held Antigonus in such high esteem  Therefore  it was thought fit to blot out his memory by some ignominious death and lessen the public hatred against Herod","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5489,"EventTxt":"Plutarch wrote   Plutarch  in Antony  vv He bestowed tetrarchies of great countries on many private men and took away kingdoms from many such as from Antigonus the Jew  whom he brought forth and beheaded  No king was ever killed in this way before","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5490,"EventTxt":"Dio also mentioned this history  Dio        p      when writing about Sosius  vv He conquered Antigonus who had killed a garrison of the Romans which was with him  Sosius was defeated in battle at Jerusalem and forced to flee  The Jews   a country of unplacable anger  if it be once stirred  did many wrongs to the Romans but suffered much more themselves  They were taken first by them who fought for the temple of their God and then rested on a Saturday  They observed on that day a festival with so much religion that those that were formerly taken with the temple  as soon as that day was come  they begged permission of Sosius to go and sacrifice in the temple as was their custom  Over these people  Antony made Herod king  Antony killed Antigonus after he had scourged him and tied him to a post   which was never done to any king before by the Romans","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5491,"EventTxt":"That is  to be beheaded at a post  Concerning this see First Excercitation of Causabon on Baronius  c     This event happened when  vv Claudius and Norbanus were consuls","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5492,"EventTxt":"as Dio implied  It is true concerning Antigonus  defeat and of the taking of Jerusalem but not concerning the death of Antigonus  He died when M  Agrippa and Caninius or Canidius Gallus were consuls the next year","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5493,"EventTxt":"Nothing of note was done by the Romans this year in Syria for Antony spent the whole year in going into and returning from Italy  Sosius  for fear of the envy and anger of Antony passed that time and did no gallant actions lest he offend Antony  He hoped to curry Antony s favour by doing nothing   Dio         p         When Antony returned from Italy  he replaced him with Plancus as governor of Syria  He appointed C  Furnius  as his lieutenant in Asia   Appian        p          Dio        p              p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3967,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3967b AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5494,"EventTxt":"After Orodes  the king of the Parthians  had long mourned for his son  he had more problems  He had to select a successor from his   sons to replace Pacorus  Many of his concubines who bare him many sons  pestered the old man to make their son the new king  Finally  he selected the oldest  who was the worst of them all and made him king   Justin        c       Dio        p      This was Phraates the  rd called by Plutarch  Plutarch  in Antony  Phraortes  Although he is called Phraates by the compiler of Appian s Parthian stories  which he transcribed word for word from Plutarch and by Plutarch himself in the end of his book   Plutarch  in Crassus  Likewise Horace  Horace  Ode            speaks of this time  vv Phraates restored to Cyrus  throne","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5495,"EventTxt":"He received the kingdom by treachery and killed his brothers  who were born of the daughter of Antiochus  He did this because they excelled him in all virtue and in blood by the mother s side  He also killed Orodes because he was angry by this   Dio        p      He poisoned him as he lay sick with the dropsy  Orodes was beginning to recover and Phraates stopped the slow poisoning and took a shorter route by strangling him   Plutarch  in Crassus  fin","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5496,"EventTxt":"After Phraates had killed his father  he killed all his brothers  When he saw that the nobility hated him for his wicked acts  he ordered that his son  who was now full grown  to be killed so that there would be no one else to make king   Justin         c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5497,"EventTxt":"After this Phraates went about to kill the nobility and did many wicked things  Many of the chief men fled from him  They went where they could and some  like Moneses  who was a powerful noble man  fled to Antony   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p      This happened when Agrippa and Gallus were consuls   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5498,"EventTxt":"The rest of the winter  when Gellius and Nerva were consuls  P  Canidius Crassus was left as lieutenant by Antony  Around the region of Armenia  he led his army against the Iberians  He defeated their King Pharnabazus in battle and compelled him to join forces with him  He went into Albania with him and he likewise allied that country to him along with their king  Zoberes   Dio        p       He went as far as Caucasus Mountains with the conquered Armenians and the kings of the Iberians and Albanians  He made Antony s name famous among the barbarous countries   Plutarch  in Antony   Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5499,"EventTxt":"Antony was puffed up with these successes and trusted very much on Moneses and committed the carrying on of the Parthian war to him  Antony promised him the kingdom of the Parthians and granted him the revenues of their cities that were subject to the Romans  He would receive this as long as the war lasted   Dio        p       Antony compared the fortune of Moneses with Themistocles and equally his own riches and magnificence to the kings of Persia  He gave him three cities  Larissa  Arethusa and Hierapolis  called formerly Bambyca   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5500,"EventTxt":"Phraates  the king of the Parthians  courteously entertained the captive king Hyrcanus because of his noble descent  He took him from prison and allowed him to live in Babylon where many Jews lived  These Jews honoured him as the king and high priest  Also all those Jews who were in old time deported beyond the Euphrates River by the Assyrians  or Babylonians  of whom there were many millions  honoured Hyrcanus  After he knew that Herod was made king  he began to hope for a favour from Herod whom he had saved when Herod was on trial for his life  Therefore he began to consult with the Jews  who from duty came to visit him concerning his journey  In spite of all their wise admonitions  he could not be persuaded from his desire of returning to his own country  The tetrarchy of Herod was added to his former country  Herod wanted to get his hands on Hyrcanus and wrote to him that he would beg of Phraates and the Jews of that land for this  Herod said that the Jews should not envy the joint power that he should enjoy with his son in law  Now the time was come  when Herod might repay him that had preserved him in the past  Herod also sent Saramala  his ambassador  to Phraates himself with large presents to soften him up so that Phraates would not prevent Herod from showing kindness to Hyrcanus  Herod had received Hyrcanus  who was sent by the Parthians  and honourably outfitted by the Jews for his expenses of his journey  Herod entertained him with all honour and gave him the upper seat in all assemblies and the most honourable place at all feasts  He called him father  and thus he lulled him on lest he should suspect any treachery   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5501,"EventTxt":"Herod took care that none of the nobility should be created high priest  He sent to Babylon for a priest of lowly parentage  whom he was well acquainted with  He was of the family of the priests but descended from those Jews who were carried beyond the Euphrates River  This man s name was Ananelus  or Hananeel  and Herod gave him the high priesthood   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5502,"EventTxt":"Mark Antony refused all honest and wholesome counsel and sent Fonteius Capita to Cleopatra to bring her into Syria   Plutarch  in Antony  She no sooner arrived when she thought how she might get it into her possession   Josephus  Antiq         c      She accused the Syrian noble men to Antony and persuaded him to put them to death so that she might more easily take over their estates   Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5503,"EventTxt":"She accused Pausanias  the son of Ptolomaeus  Mennaeus  the king of Chalcis and Ituraea as favouring the Parthians and had Antony execute him   Josephus  Antiq         c       Dio        p       In Dio  Parthian should be read for Pacorus  This was fifteen years after the death of his father Auletes  This is derived from Porphyrius   Scaliger  Greek Eusebian   p      where the name of Lysimachus is incorrectly written for Lysanias","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5504,"EventTxt":"Antony made Amyntas  the secretary of Dejotarus  the prince of Galatia and added to it part of Lycaonia and Pamphylia   Dio        p       Strabo        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5505,"EventTxt":"Antony also made Archelaus  king of Cappadocia  who was not descended from royalty  He deposed Ariarathes who descended from those Archelai who had waged war against the Romans and his mother was the harlot Glaphyra   Dio        p      From that lascivious epigram of Caesar Octavian   Martian        epigra      it appears that Antony was involved with Glaphyra","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5506,"EventTxt":"Alexandra  the daughter of Hyrcanus  the wife of Alexander the son of Aristobulus and mother in law of Herod  took it poorly that her son Aristobulus  the brother of Mariamme was condemned because during his lifetime one from another place  usurped the high priesthood  She wrote to Cleopatra through a certain musician and asked her to request the priesthood from Antony for her son  Cleopatra failed to do this  Dellius  a friend of Antony  who travelled into Judea on some occasions  persuaded Alexandra to send the pictures of her son Aristobulus and daughter Mariamme to Antony  He said that once Antony saw them  he would not deny them anything  These were sent  Dellius also added that they seemed to be of divine rather than of the human race   Josephus  Antiq        c      Dellius was the historian who Plutarch mentioned and whose wanton letters to Cleopatra were common as attested to by Seneca who has related this in his first Swason Oration  Dio also implies the same and whom Antony used dishonestly   Dio       p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5507,"EventTxt":"Antony did not think it proper to send for a lady who was married to Herod and wanted to avoid making Cleopatra jealous  He wrote to Alexandra that she should send her son to him under some honest pretence but he added she should not do it if this would be burdensome to her  When Herod found out about this  he did not think it safe that Aristobulus  a young man of sixteen years in the flower of his age  should be sent to Antony  He was the most powerful of all the Romans and also very much given to lust  Therefore he wrote back  that if the youth left the kingdom  the whole country would be up in arms  The Jews wanted to revolt and have a new king  Antony was satisfied with Herod s reply   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5508,"EventTxt":"In the Sicilian war  Caesar Octavian and M  Lepidus defeated Sextus Pompeius  M  Lepidus became proud about the ability of his   legions and attributed the whole victory to himself  He was so bold as to oppose Caesar and to claim Sicily for himself  However  his army abandoned him and he was put out of the triumvirate  He was glad to beg for his life and goods from Caesar by whom he banished to Circeli   Livy          Velleius Paterculus        c          Suetonius  in Octavian   c            Appian          Dio          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5509,"EventTxt":"Sextus Pompeius who had a fleet of   ships  now fled into Asia with only six or seven   Floras        c      Although Appian stated  Appian        p      and Orosius   Orosius        c      wrote that he had seventeen ships  He intended to flee to Antony because he had saved his mother from a similar danger   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5510,"EventTxt":"He put his daughter  his friends  his money and all his best things into the ships that were left which were fastest  Pompeius sailed by night and no one pursued him because he left secretly and Caesar was continually engaged with troubles from Lepidus   Dio        p      In spite of this  after Pompeius had left Messana  he feared being followed and suspected the treachery of his companions  When he had told them that he would set sail for the main sea  he put out the light that the admiral s ships usually carry and sailed by the coast of Italy   Dio        p       When he arrived at the cape of Lacinium  he robbed the temple of Juno of all its offerings   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5511,"EventTxt":"From there he sailed to Corcyra and into Cephalenia  He received others who were cast in there by a storm  After he had called them together  he took off his soldier s attire and told them that it would happen that if they all stayed together  they would not be able to be of sufficient help to each other nor could they remain hidden  If they dispersed  they might more easily flee  Therefore he advised everyone to shift for himself  Most followed his advise and went their various ways  He along with some who stayed with him  went to Lesbos and  Dio        p      stayed at Mitylene  His father had left him here before the Pharsalian battle and after the defeat he picked him up again   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5512,"EventTxt":"The Parthians were troubled because of the defection of Moneses to Antony and Phraates was quite worried  He sent messengers to Moneses to ask for peace and persuaded him with large promises to return again  When this was known  Antony was angry  However  he did not kill Moneses whom as yet he had in his power  He thought if he did that none of the barbarians would ever trust him  He used politics against the enemy  He dismissed Moneses as if by his means he would make peace with the Parthians  He sent ambassadors with him to Phraates who were to make peace if the king would restore the ensigns and captives that were alive which the Parthians had taken in the defeat of Crassus  He thought he would catch the king unprepared for war by giving him reasons of hope of peace   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5513,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Antony prepared for war  He came to the Euphrates River which he supposed was unguarded  When he found a strong garrison there  he changed his plan and intended soon to go into Armenia to make war with Artavasdes  king of the Greater Armenia  against the king of the Medes who was the other enemy of the Romans   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5514,"EventTxt":"Artavasdes  the king of the Armenians  is called by Josephus  Artabazes the son of Tigranes   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq        c      Orosius calls him  Artabanes  Orosius        c       whom when Antony had taken him to be his counsellor  guide and chief for the management of the war  he then betrayed Antony and later created problems for the Romans   Strabo l     p            p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5515,"EventTxt":"Antony sent Cleopatra back into Egypt and he went through Arabia into Armenia  He had ordered that his own forces and the auxiliaries of the kings to meet him there  Among these were many friends and allies including Artavasdes or Artabazes  the king of Armenia with   cavalry and   foot solders  When the soldiers were mustered  the Romans and the allies of Italy had     foot soldiers and the ordinary cavalry of the Spaniards and Gauls      The auxiliaries from other countries numbered     cavalry and the light harnessed soldiers  This is according to Plutarch  However  Velleius Paterculus said Antony had   legions   Velleius        c      Floras stated    Floras        c      Justin  Justin        c      and Livy  Livy          legions and     cavalry","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5516,"EventTxt":"The guide of his army made the journey from Zeugma to the Euphrates River almost to Atrapatena  which the Araxes River divides from Armenia   This was   miles and almost twice as far as the correct way  The guide led them over mountains and byways    Strabo          p       Antony should have refreshed his army in the winter quarters of Armenia who were weary from the   mile trek  Since spring was coming he should have invaded Media before the Parthians left their winter quarters  He could not tolerate any delay because he wanted to be back with Cleopatra  He thought more of returning quickly than of gaining a victory   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5517,"EventTxt":"Therefore when he knew that the king of Media was gone far from his country to bring help to the Parthians  he quickly marched with the best part of his cavalry and foot soldiers  He left part of his army and baggage with Oppius Stapianus  He ordered them to follow him and hoped that on the first attack  he should conquer Media   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5518,"EventTxt":"Among the things left behind  were the battering engines which were carried in   carts  Among these was a ram   feet long  If any of the machines were damaged  they could not be repaired because of the scarcity of materials in those countries  The trees were too short and not strong enough   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5519,"EventTxt":"After Antony had crossed the Araxes River  he had problems and hardships on all sides   Orosius        c       As soon as he came into Artapatena  he harassed that country  then he besieged the large city of Phraata  In it lived the wife of the king of the Medes with her children  When Antony realised his error in leaving his engines behind  he was forced to raise a mount near the city  This took a long time and was much work   Orosius        c      This was the royal city of the Medes and was called by Dio  Praaspa and by Strabo  Vera   unless I am mistaken in his  Strabo        p       from Adelphius   if it is not Dellius the historian  who was with Antony in this expedition  He wrote about this and commanded part of the army  He said this city was   miles from the Araxes River","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5520,"EventTxt":"The Parthians and Medes knew that Antony wasted his time in attacking that city because it was so well fortified with walls and men  They suddenly attacked Statianus as he was tired from his journey and killed both him and all that were with him  Plutarch reckons they killed murious or     men  Velleius Paterculus said two legions were killed and they took all the baggage and engines of war  Polemo  the king of Pontus and an ally of the war was captured and let go when he paid a ransom  This was an easy victory for the barbarians to do because the king of Armenia was not at the battle who might have helped the Romans  He did not come but left Antony for his own kingdom   Dio        p        Velleius Paterculus        c       Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5521,"EventTxt":"Although Antony hurried to help Statianus when he heard the first news  he came too late for he found nothing but dead men  He was terrified with this defeat  However  none of the barbarians opposed him and he thought that they left from fear of him and was encouraged  Soon after this  they fought and Antony routed them  His slingers  whom he had large numbers of  put them to flight  The slingers  arrows went farther than the enemies  arrows so the heavily armed cavalry were not safe from them  However  not many barbarians were killed because of the swiftness of their cavalry troops   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5522,"EventTxt":"Antony resumed the assault of Praaspa  He did little damage to the enemy and the garrison inside the city  strongly repelled their attacks  The enemy that was outside the city hindered them with hand to hand combat   Dio        p      The Parthians who came to help the besieged  threatened the Romans most contemptuously  Antony was unwilling that his soldiers should loose any of their animosity  He took with him ten legions and three praetorian cohorts  and all his cavalry  They went foraging and hoped by this means that the enemy would attack him and so he could fight them   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5523,"EventTxt":"When he had gone a day s journey  he saw the Parthians  wheeling about him to hinder his return  He ordered the signal for battle to be sounded  However  he packed up his tents as though he prepared not to fight but for his march  Thus he marched by the barbarians who were drawn up in an half moon  He ordered his cavalry that as soon as they were come together that the legions should attack the enemy and they should begin the charge  The Parthians were perplexed at the well ordered army of the Romans  They saw the soldiers passing by  keeping their ranks and shaking their arrows at them but not speaking a word  After the signal and a great shout was made  the cavalry began the attack  They resisted a little  Although immediately the Romans were so close to them  they were unable to use their arrows  Soon  the legions joined the battle with great shouting and the clattering of the armour  The Parthian cavalry were frightened and the Parthians fled before they came to hand to hand combat  Antony hoped that now he should overcome them or at least finish the greatest part of the war  He followed the chase very hard  After his foot soldiers had pursued them about six miles and his cavalry three times that distance  he counted the number of the slain and the prisoners  They found they had taken   and killed only    This greatly discouraged them for they thought it was very hard if being conquerors they should kill so few and if conquered they should lose so many as they had done when the baggage was taken  The next day as they were returning to their camp  they met at first a few of their enemies  More came and finally all of them  as if they had not been formerly routed but were all fresh men  They reviled them and broke in upon them on every side so that they were barely able to return to their camp again   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5524,"EventTxt":"In Antony s absence  the Medes who were at Praaspa  attacked the mount and terrified the defenders of it  Antony was so enraged that he decimated them who had forsaken the place and gave the rest of them barley instead of wheat   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5525,"EventTxt":"In the beginning  the foragers who were sent out by Antony brought enough provisions for the Romans  Later they had consumed all the near by supplies so that the soldiers themselves were forced to go foraging  It happened that if only a few were sent that they brought back nothing and often the foragers were killed  If many left then Praaspa was short of besiegers and the sallies of the barbarians killed many of the Romans and many engines were destroyed  From this it happened that Antony s men who were besieging the city  ran as short of supplies as those inside the city  The townsmen looked for good times for sallies as well as the enemy on the outside  By their sudden incursions and quick retreats  they seriously troubled those who remained in the camp as often as they divided their forces  The foragers who went to the villages were never molested but they attacked them unexpectedly as they were scattered on their return to the camp   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-37,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3968,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4677,"Dating":"3968a AM, 4677 JP, 37 BC"}
{"Index":5526,"EventTxt":"Sextus Pompeius heard that Antony was in Media and made war with the Medes and Parthians  He intended to commit himself to his protection when he returned  In the mean time  he wintered in Lesbos and the people of Lesbos most willingly entertained him for the good memory they had of his father   Dio        p       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5527,"EventTxt":"As Antony prolonged the siege of Praaspa  the war was very troublesome to both sides  Antony could not get any supplies without having his men killed or wounded  Phraates knew that the Parthians would endure anything except winter in the camp in a strange country  Therefore he was afraid that if the Romans continued the war  his men would leave him since the weather grew very cold after the autumnal equinox   Plutarch  in Antony  He was also afraid that if the siege were continued Antony either by himself or else with outside help  would seriously weaken the city  Therefore  he secretly bribed some men that should promote the idea of a peace between them in the hope that it would be easily granted   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5528,"EventTxt":"Therefore  the Parthian commanded his men that when they met with the foragers  to treat them more courteously and to talk to them about peace  By this  Antony was persuaded to send a friend to request the restitution of his ensigns and prisoners lest he should seem to be content only to depart with safety  They replied that he should forget about those things  If he desired peace and security  he should leave suddenly   Plutarch   Phraates was sitting on his golden throne and twanging a bow string  After that he had in many words railed against the Romans  he promised Antony s ambassadors peace on this condition if he should immediately withdraw his army   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5529,"EventTxt":"Antony received this reply  Although he was very eloquent in both civil and military speeches  yet at that time from shame and sorrow  he did not speak to his soldiers  He had Domitius Aenobarbus speak for him to the soldiers and to encourage them  Within a few days after they had packed the baggage  he departed  Plutarch   and left his works that he had raised for the assault of Praaspa intact as if he had been in a friend s country  The Medes burnt everything and cast down the mount   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5530,"EventTxt":"They were to return by the same plain country where there were no forests  A certain Mardian who knew the customs of the Parthians and had fought well for the Romans at the battle where the engines were taken  persuaded Antony that he should march with his army by the mountains on the right hand  He should not hazard the plain and open fields  The Romans were heavily armed and good targets for the number of Parthian cavalry who were all archers  The Parthians used this occasion by good words to draw him from the siege so that he would show Antony a shorter way with more plentiful supplies for his soldiers  Antony told these things to his council and confessed that he trusted little in the peace with the Parthians  However he commended the shorter way  especially since the journey would be through a plentiful country  He asked for some assurance of the Mardian who surrendered himself to be bound until he had brought the army into Armenia  After he was bound  he led them without problems for two days   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5531,"EventTxt":"On the third day  Antony thought little of the Parthians and marched securely in confidence of the peace  The Mardian saw the dam of the river was recently broken and that all the way they were to go was flooded  He knew that this was done by the Parthians to force the Roman army to halt  He warned Antony of this and told him to prepare for the arrival of the enemy  Antony ordered his battle and set distances between the ranks  With this  those that used arrows and slings might make an attack on the enemies when the Parthians opened their ranks to surround and disorder the army  When the light horsemen attacked them  they were beaten back after the giving and receiving of many wounds  They came on again until the calvary from Gaul who were held in reserve  gave them a fierce charge and routed them so that they attempted nothing more that day   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5532,"EventTxt":"Antony learned from this what was to be done  He made his army march in a square body and had a strong guard of archers and slingers in the rear and in the flanks  He ordered his calvary that if the enemy attacked them  they should drive them back  If they fled  they should not follow the chase too far  For four days  the Parthans received as many casualties as they made  They began to ease off and thought of returning since it was winter   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5533,"EventTxt":"On the fifth day  Flavius Gallus  one of the captains  a valiant and industrious man  asked Antony that he would give him permission to take some lightly armed men from the rear and some cavalry from the front  He planned to do some gallant act  By his rash attempt  he broke in on the enemy with much risk  The Romans sent him help in small companies  They were too weak and were cut off by the enemy until Antony came with the whole strength of the army and rescued the rest from obvious danger   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5534,"EventTxt":"Floras stated  Floras        c      that there were two legions lost to the Parthian arrows  Plutarch stated at least   were killed and that there were   wounded men brought back into the tents  Gallus was shot in four places and later died from his wounds  Antony was very much troubled to see this and went and comforted them that were wounded  They cheerfully took him by the right hand and desired him that he would take care of himself and trouble himself no more for them  They called him their emperor and told him that if he were well then they were all safe and in health   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5535,"EventTxt":"This victory made the Parthians so proud who were before weary and in despair  that they lodged all night near the Roman camp  They hoped that they would soon be able to plunder all their money and ransack their tents   Plutarch  in Antony  On that night  a certain Roman whose life was spared in Crassus  defeat  came in Parthian clothes to the Roman trenches and greeted them in Latin  After they trusted him  he informed them what danger was at hand and that the king would come with all his forces  He advised them that they should not march that way they intended but that they should go back again and take the way by the woods and the mountains  He told them that they might meet with the enemy that way also   Floras        c       Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5536,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day  many enemies came together with at least   cavalry  The king also sent there his bodyguard because they were so confident of victory  The king was never at any previous fight  Then Antony lifted up his hands to heaven and made his prayers to the gods that if there were any god offended with his former good fortune that he would lay all the adversity on his own head but give health and victory to the rest of the army   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5537,"EventTxt":"The next day the army marched on in a more secure guard  The Parthians attacked them and were very much deceived in their expectations  They thought that they came to pillage and plunder and not to fight  They lost heart when they were greeted by the Roman arrows   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5538,"EventTxt":"As they were going down a certain hill  the Parthians laid in ambush for them and overwhelmed them with their arrows as thick as hail  Then the soldiers who carried large shields  took in the lightly harnessed men under their shields  They kneeled down on their left knee and held their shields over their heads and made a roof over them   a testudo   By this  they defended themselves and their friends from the enemies  arrows which fell on the convex shields and slid off the slippery surfaces   Floras        c       Frontino  Stratagem        c       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5539,"EventTxt":"The Parthians had never seen such a thing before and thought that they had all fallen down by reason of their wounds or that they would soon all fall  Therefore they cast away their bows and leaped off their horses and took their spears and came to kill them with their naked swords  Then the Romans rose up again and at the signal  widened their army and made a shout  They attacked their enemies in the front and with their darts they slew the foremost of them and made them all flee  This thing struck such amazement in the barbarians that one among them said  vv Go Romans and farewell  fame with good reason calls you the conquerors of nations  who can outstand the Parthian s shot   Floras        c       Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5540,"EventTxt":"There were continual skirmishes between them which slowed the Roman march down greatly   Plutarch  in Antony  When they marched by break of day  they were always bothered with the Parthian arrows  Thereupon  Antony deferred his march until the fifth hour and so made his own soldiers more confident  The Persians left them and they marched without any trouble for that day   Frontinus  Stratagem        c  ult","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5541,"EventTxt":"The army then began to be troubled with food shortages because they were hindered from foraging by their often skirmishes  They also lacked grinding mills which were mainly left behind  The beasts were either dead or else used to carry the sick and wounded men  It was reported that little more than a quart of wheat was sold for fifty drachmas and barley loaves for their weight in silver  Then they were forced to eat roots and herbs  By chance they found one that when eaten  made them mad  Those that ate it only dug up stones and removed them and thought they were doing some great business  At last they vomited up a great deal of choler and died because they lacked wine  which was the only remedy   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5542,"EventTxt":"The famine raged in the camp and they began to flee to the enemy  However  the Parthians slew these runaways in the sight of the rest  All had planned to defect but the cruelty of the Parthians stopped the revolt   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5543,"EventTxt":"Antony saw so many of his own soldiers dying and the Parthians continually attacking them  It is reported he often cried out w mieioi wondering at those     men who under the conduct of Xenophon marched a far longer march from Babylon and often fought with their enemies and yet came home safely   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5544,"EventTxt":"The Parthians could neither break the spirit of the Romans nor their ranks but were often defeated themselves and repulsed  They began again to talk peaceably with those who went to fetch water and forage  They showed them their unbent bows and told them that they were departing and that they would follow them no more  However  they might have some Medes follow them a day or two but that they would not do them any great harm and only secure some of the remoter villages  They won them over with this talk and they gently took their leave of them  The Romans were very joyful and when Antony desired rather to march by the plain than the mountains because it was said that way lacked water   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5545,"EventTxt":"While he was in this mind  Mithridates came to him from the enemy camp  He was a cousin of Moneses to whom Antony had given the three cities  Antony asked that some might be sent to him who understood the Syriac or Parthian language  When Alexander  from Antioch and a good friend of Antigonus came  he was told by Mithridates that the Parthians with all their forces lay in ambush in those mountains which he saw  They were waiting to attack them as they passed by the plains  He advised them to travel through the mountains which had no other inconvenience than lack of water for one day  Antony took his advice and the Mardian guided them by night through the mountains  He ordered his soldiers to carry water with them which many did in their helmets and leather bags   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5546,"EventTxt":"The Parthians found out about this and contrary to their custom  pursued them by night  At sunrise  they overtook the rear guard of the Romans who were tired with the hard march and watching  That night  they had gone   miles and did not think the enemy would attack them so soon  This made them more dejected and their thirst also was increased by their fighting  They were forced to march while fighting   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5547,"EventTxt":"In the interim  the advance guard found a cool  clear river but it was salty  The water from it just increased the thirst of those who drank it  Although the Mardian forewarned them of this  yet they thrust away those who would have kept them from drinking of it and drank freely from it  Antony also was very urgent with them and begged them to stop  Only a short way off there was one that they might drink from and that the rest of the way was so rough and uneven that the enemy could not possibly follow them  He sounded a retreat also so that at least the soldiers might refresh themselves in the shade   Plutarch  in Antony   Floras        c","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5548,"EventTxt":"As soon as the tents were pitched  the Parthians according to their custom departed and Mithridates returned  Alexander came to him  He told Alexander that after they had refreshed themselves for a while they should all arise and hurry over the river  The Parthians would not pursue them beyond that point  For this  Antony gave him a large store of gold plate  He took as much as he could hide in his clothes and departed   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5549,"EventTxt":"They were not bothered on the next day s journey  The following night they became their own worst enemies  Those who had any gold or silver were killed and robbed  The pack animals  sumpters  which carried the treasure were plundered  Finally  all the household belongings of Antony  like his plate and precious tables  they broke and divided among themselves  Therefore because of this tumult and uproar in the army  they thought that the enemy had attacked the sumpters to rob them  Antony called a free man and ordered him to kill him and to cut off his head so that neither he may not be taken alive by the enemy nor known when he was dead   Plutarch  in Antony   Floras        c       Sextus Rufus  in Breviario","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5550,"EventTxt":"As his friends were weeping about him  the Mardian encouraged Antony for he knew there was a river nearby  Others told Antony that this tumult arose from their own covetousness and doing wrong one to the other  Therefore Antony gave the signal to make camp in order to quell these tumults and disturbances in the army  It began to grow light and the army fell into good order again  When as the rearguard was hit by enemy arrows  the light cavalry were signalled to fight  The men who carried the large shields came together as they did before and defended them from the Parthian arrows  The Parthians did not dare come too close  As they marched a little distance the river was seen by the advance guard  Antony interposed his cavalry between the enemy and the army  He made all the sick men to cross over first  The men that fought were now braver and strengthened  As soon as the Parthians saw the river  they unbent their bows and bid them in god s name and highly commended their valour  So they crossed leisurely over the river and were glad they did not trust the promises of the Parthians   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5551,"EventTxt":"After Caesar Octavian had settled his affairs in Sicily  on November  th  ides  he entered Rome from Sicily and made a speech  This is shown in the marble triumphal records   Gruter  Inscript  p       Suetonis  in Octavian  c       Dio        p       Orosius        c      He had a gold statue erected for him in the rostrum which showed his image with this inscription  vv For peace restored after continual wars both by sea and land    Appian        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5552,"EventTxt":"He was   years old  after which manner those words of Appian are to be taken  gu Caioar itan is tste dktai kn eikqsi","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5553,"EventTxt":"He received also the tribunal power for ever by a decree of the senate who invited him by this honour to lay down the triumvirate  Concerning this  he wrote privately to Antony by Bibulus   Appian        p       Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5554,"EventTxt":"Antony s men came to the Araxes River on the sixth day after the battle  It divides Media  Atropatena  from Armenia  The crossing was very difficult because of the depth and swiftness of the river  There was a report that the enemy lay in ambush to attack them in their crossing  After they were safely crossed over and entered Armenia  it was as if they had recently landed from sea  They kissed the earth and embraced one another with tears of joy  When they marched through a fruitful country  they so gorged themselves with food after so long a famine that many began to be sick with dropsies and fluxes   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5555,"EventTxt":"Antony numbered his army and found that he had lost     foot soldiers and   cavalry  Half of these died of diseases and not from fighting against the enemy   Plutarch  in Antony  In the whole army  at least a quarter of the men were dead or missing  The grooms and slaves lost about a third of there staff  Hardly anything remained of the baggage  However  Antony called this flight his victory because he was still alive   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5556,"EventTxt":"In   days  he had fled   miles   Livy         The march continued for   days all together from Phraata  or Phraaspa   In that time the Parthians were repelled in battle   times  The     cavalry  who were armed after the Parthian custom and were used to fighting with the Parthians did not help the Romans  Artavasdes had brought them from Armenia  The Parthians could not so often rally after their battle since they were so often beaten by the Romans if the Romans had the Arminian cavalry to pursue the Parthians  Therefore all men egged on Antony to punish the Armenians  He did not do this neither did he upbraid him with his treachery but used him with the same honour and courtesy that he had always done  He did this because he knew the army was weak and lacked provisions   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5557,"EventTxt":"Now that Antony was no longer more troubled with enemies  he hurried to Cleopatra and was unwilling to winter in Armenia  He took a quick journey in cold winter weather and continual snows  He hurried his soldiers on and he lost   men by extremities of the weather   Livy          Plutarch  in Antony  As they crossed over the mountains of Armenia which were covered with snow  the many wounds they had received  greatly bothered them  Therefore many died or became unfit for service  Antony could not endure to hear of these things and forbid that anyone should speak to him about it  Although Antony was angry with the king of Armenia and wished for revenge because the king had deserted him  he tried to endear the king to him so that he might get provisions from him  Finally  the soldiers could not endure this journey in winter any longer  Antony persuaded the king by flatteries and promises that if he would let his army winter in his country  he planned the next spring to have his army attack the Parthians again   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-36,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4678,"Dating":"3969a AM, 4678 JP, 36 BC"}
{"Index":5558,"EventTxt":"Finally  Antony came to Syria with barely a third of the original sixteen legions  He returned to Antioch   Orosius        c      Here he foolishly began to brag as if he had gotten the victory because he had gotten away   Floras        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5559,"EventTxt":"He came down to the sea side with a few of his company and stayed in a citadel between Berytus and Sidon  called Leucocome  He awaited Cleopatra s arrival for whose absence he pined away  To pass the time  he started feasting and drinking excessively  During this time  he would arise and run to see if she were coming until at last she finally came   Plutarch  in Antony","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5560,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra brought for the soldiers a great amount of money and apparel  Some reported that Antony took the apparel which she had brought and gave it to the soldiers  He gave the money to the soldiers that she had given him   Plutarch  in Antony  Concerning this matter Dio wrote this  The money which was brought to him by Cleopatra he gave to the soldiers  He divided to every soldier of the legions    drachmas  or denarii  and to others proportionably  When that money ran out  he made up the rest from his own treasure and gave satisfaction for what he had received from Cleopatra  He also received much money from his friends and exacted much from his allies  When he had done this  he went into Egypt   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5561,"EventTxt":"Herod was continually pestered with the nagging of his wife Mariamme  She wanted him to restore the high priesthood to her brother Aristobulus according to his due  Therefore he called a council of his friends  he bitterly complained against his mother in law Alexandra  as if she had secretly done treason against his kingdom and had endeavoured  by Cleopatra s means  to make her son the new king  However  lest he should seem to be disrespectful to her and the rest of the family  he said that he would now restore the priesthood to her son  Ananelus had before this been preferred because Aristobulus was so young  Alexandra was almost beside herself for joy and grieved that she was suspected of treason  She wept and cleared herself of these accusations  She thanked Herod many times for her son s honour and promised that after this she would be most obedient to the king  Thus Herod gave the priesthood to Aristobulus in the lifetime of Ananelus  He was only seventeen years old   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5562,"EventTxt":"Sextus Pompeius learned of Antony s ill fortune in Media  Caius Furnius  who at that time was governor of Asia  was not friendly toward Sextus  so he did not stay in Lesbos  He started to hope that he should either succeed Antony  if he died  in all his power or at least should receive some part of it  He was especially encouraged since from Sicily and from other places  many came to him  Some came from the reputation his father had and others came because they did not know where else to live  So that he took the trappings of the general and prepared to capture Asia  He always remembered the recent example of Labienus who had quickly overrun it   Appian        p       Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5563,"EventTxt":"When Antony came into the country of his friends  he knew what Pompeius had done  He promised that if he would lay down his arms he would pardon him and make him his friend  Pompeius promised he would and so wrote him back  He condemned Antony for the disastrous defeat he had received and that he was so soon gone into Egypt  Pompeius carried on his plans   Dio        p       Not wishing to burn his bridges  he sent messengers to Antony and offered to be his friend and ally  The real purpose was to spy on Antony  In the meantime  he sent ambassadors to the governors of Thracia and Pontus  He thought that if he failed to take Asia  he could flee through Pontus into Armenia  He sent ambassadors also to the Parthians and hoped that they would willingly use him for their captain in the war that was not yet ended against Antony  Pompeius was a Roman and also the son of Pompey the Great  He also provided for ships and exercised the mariners  He let on that he was afraid of Caesar and that this preparation was for the service of Antony   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5564,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antony heard what Pompeius was up to  he kept on his journey but sent Marcus Tiotius  who formerly had revolted from Sextus Pompeius to him  as general against him  He had received a fleet and army from Syria  He was to use all his power to resist Pompeius if he made any war  If Pompeius would submit himself  he should receive him with all honour   Appian        p      Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5565,"EventTxt":"Pompeius  ambassadors who were sent to the Parthians  were captured by Antony s captains and brought to Alexandria  When Antony had learned all these things from these ambassadors  he called the other ambassadors who were sent to him and brought them face to face  They excused Pompeius as being a young man in a desperate situation and feared he should not be accepted by Antony and was forced to try the good will even of counties that were the greatest enemies of the Romans  If he had known Antony s mind  there had been no need of all the solicitations and craft  This he believed  since he was not a malicious man but well meaning and generous   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5566,"EventTxt":"When Octavia was at Rome  she intended to sail to Antony  and Caesar agreed  The reason was not as most have written from any respect to Antony but that he might have an honest pretence for war against him if he slighted or harmed her   Plutarch  in Antony  She went to Athens and wintered there   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5567,"EventTxt":"At this time war broke out between the king of the Medes  Artarasdes  against Phraates  the king of the Parthians and Artabazes or Artaraseds king of the Armenians  Artarasdes was angry with the Armenians because by their means  the Romans were brought in upon him and with the Parthians because he neither received any great amount of the spoils of the Romans nor any honour at all  Artarasdes was afraid also that he would take away his kingdom from him  He sent Polemo  the king of Pontus  as an ambassador to Antony and desired his friendship and alliance  He wanted Antony to come to him and promised him the help of all his forces  Antony was pleased for the only thing which seemed to prevent the overthrowing of the Parthians  was his lack of cavalry and archers  He thought now he should have and do more good in the receiving them than the king did to him in giving them  Thereupon  Antony had great expectation and he departed again to go through Armenia  He called the king of the Medes to the river Araxes and then started the war with Parthia   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5568,"EventTxt":"Antony wrote to Octavia who was now at Athens and told her to stay there and informed her of an expedition that he was about to take  She took this badly and thought this was just an excuse  However  she wrote to him to know what he would have her do with those things sent that she brought for him  She had brought much apparel for the soldiers  many cavalry  much money and presents for his captains and friends  In addition she had   choice men all armed like the praetorian cohorts  Niger  a friend of Antony  was sent by Octavia to tell Antony this  He added the deserved commendations for Octavia  Antony accepted both her own and others gifts and also the soldiers that she had begged from her brother for this purpose   Plutarch  in Antony   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5569,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra  feared lest Octavia should draw Antony from her and seemed to languish for the love of him  She made her body so weak by her feminine tricks as though she could not live if she were deprived of him  Antony was overcome and abandoned his journey to the king of the Medes although he received news that the Parthians were in civil wars  He returned again into Alexandria   Plutarch  in Antony  From that time on  he give himself over to the love and wishes of Cleopatra   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5570,"EventTxt":"Antony summoned Artavasdes  king of Armenia into Egypt as a friend  He hoped to get him into his power so that he might more easily kill him  Since the king did not come  he suspected some deceit  He then found other means to deceive him  He did not publicly show his anger against him lest he should provoke him to war   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5571,"EventTxt":"C  Furnius  the governor of Asia   whom we read in Plutarch s Antony  and Jerome s Chronicle  to be a man of great authority and to be the most eloquent among the Romans   entertained Pompeius who came to him presently  Furnius was not strong enough to drive him out neither did he know want Antony wanted to do  When he saw Pompeius  soldiers exercising  he also mustered them that were of his province and sent for Aenobarbus who commanded the army and was next him  He called quickly for Amyntas to help him  When they came immediately  Pompeius complained that he was counted for an enemy at the time when he was expecting an answer from Antony by the ambassadors whom he had sent to him  However  Pompeius planned to take Aenobarbus by the treachery of Curius  a close friend of his  He hoped that it would be a great matter if anything happened  The treason was discovered and Curius was put to death after he was condemned in the council chambers of the Romans  Pompeius also killed Theodoras  a freed man of his who only knew of this business  as if he had been the one to tell his secret   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5572,"EventTxt":"Pompeius gave up hope that Furnius would receive him and seized Lampsacus by treachery  Many Italians lived here and were brought as a colony by C  Caesar  He paid the Italians large wages to entice them to serve under him  He now had   cavalry and three legions  He attacked Cyzicum by sea and land and he was repulsed in both fronts  There was a very large band of soldiers to guard the walls who were brought there for Antony  Pompeius returned to the harbour of the Achaeans and planned to provide grain for his troops   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5573,"EventTxt":"Furnius would not fight and always stayed near his camp with many cavalry  He would not allow Pompeius to get any grain nor seize any cities  Pompeius attacked his camp in front and sent some around who attacked from the rear  Therefore when Furnius went out against him  he had his camp at his back  Pompeius slew many as they fled by the fields of Scamander  The field was very wet because of much rain that fell  Those who escaped  retreated into a safe place but were unable to prepare for a new war  Pompeius received men from Mysia  Propontis and other places  These were poor men who were exhausted with taxes and served under Pompeius for money  He was now famous for the victory he had at the harbour of the Achaeans   Appian       p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5574,"EventTxt":"Since Pompeius lacked cavalry and therefore could not go very far to forage  He heard that a squadron of Italian cavalry were sent to Antony from Octavia who wintered in Athens  Therefore he presently sent to bribe them with gold  Antony s governor of Macedonia apprehended them and divided the money among the soldiers   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5575,"EventTxt":"Pompeius captured Nicaea and Nicomedia  He gathered money together in abundance because of his great and unexpected successes   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5576,"EventTxt":"When Furnius was camped near him  as soon as it was spring  there came to him a fleet of  ships from Sicily  This was the remainder of the fleet which Antony had lent Caesar against Pompeius  When the Sicilian war was ended  Caesar dismissed them  Titius also came from Syria with   ships and a large army  They all arrived at Proconesus   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5577,"EventTxt":"Pompeius was very afraid because he was not fully prepared  He selected those places which were most convenient for his flight  He was apprehended in Nicomedia and he asked for peace through his ambassadors and hoped the favours he had done previously for Titius would make him agreeable  Titius absolutely denied to grant any peace unless he surrendered to him all his ships and forces   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5578,"EventTxt":"Therefore Pompeius  gave up any hope of safety by sea  He put all his provisions of any weight into his ships and set them on fire  He armed his sailors who would be of more use to him on land with the others   Dio        p       Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5579,"EventTxt":"Herod feared lest his mother in law Alexandra would seek opportunities to create new problems and ordered to have her kept within the palace and to do nothing by her own authority  She was kept so strictly that nothing was concealed from him of all that she did  even to the expenses of her food  She took this captivity very badly and sent letters to Cleopatra and complained of her harsh treatment  She wanted her help  Therefore Cleopatra said that she with her son should flee into Egypt to her  She provided two coffins for her and her son that are used when men die  She ordered those servants that knew the plot that they should carry them out by night  and go to a ship which was ready provided to carry them into Egypt  Aesopus  a servant  told this to Sabbation  a friend of Alexander s because he thought he had known all this before  As Sabbation who was considered an enemy of Herod s since he was suspected to be in on the plot in the poisoning of Antipater  took this opportunity of being reconciled to the king s favour by telling this matter  Herod played along in this until it was being done and surprised her in flight and brought her back  However  he pardoned her and did not dare to punish her  He feared that Cleopatra would not be so contented but would seek any occasion of hatred against him  Therefore under the pretence of a magnanimous spirit  he made show as if he pardoned her out of mere clemency   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5580,"EventTxt":"Cassius Parmensis  Nasidius  Saturninus  Antistius and other honourable friends of Sextus Pompeius and his dear friend Fannius and his father in law Libo could not persuade Pompeius to abandon the war against one who was more powerful than himself especially when Titius came whom Antony had sent  They began to despair and decided to defect to Antony   Appian       p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5581,"EventTxt":"After Pompeius was forsaken by his friends  he departed into the midland country of Bithynia and intending to go  as was reported  into Armenia  He stole away secretly by night from the camp  Furnius  Titius and Amyntas pursued him and marching excessively fast  They overtook him about evening and they both camped around an hill but without either a ditch or trench  It was late at night and they were weary  In this condition  Pompeius sent by night   targateers who attacked them either in their beds or running out from their lodgings who all fled naked most cowardly  If Pompeius had attacked them with all his forces or pursued them as they fled  he might have had an absolute victory  He did not do this and gained nothing by all this  He went on where he was going into the midland country   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5582,"EventTxt":"His enemies joined together and kept him from foraging so that he was very short of food  He was forced to demand a parlay with Furnius  who in previous times was a friend of Pompey the Great  He was a man of honour and gravity above the rest  Therefore he stood on the bank of a river that ran between them and he told him that he would commit himself to his protection on the condition that he might be brought to Antony  Furnius answered that this business did not belong to him  but to Titius  Pompeius suspected Titius  faithfulness and offered again to yield himself and entreated that he might be accepted  When this could not be obtained  he desired that he might be received by Amyntas  He told him that Amyntas would do nothing that might be a wrong to him that was to execute the commands of Antony  So the parlay broke off   Appian       p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5583,"EventTxt":"Furnius  soldiers thought that for very want of food  he would on the next day yield himself to Titius  He according to the custom in camps  made many fires in the night and by trumpeters distinguished the watches of the night  He secretly withdrew himself with his army without any baggage not so much as telling them where they were going  He thought to return to the sea and to burn Titius  fleet  He might have been able to do this had not Scaurus ran from him and told of his departure and the way he went  although he did not know what he intended to do  Then Amyntas pursued him with   cavalry and Sextius had none  As soon as he overtook him  Pompeius  soldiers went over to him  some privately and some publicly  Pompeius was now almost desolate and was afraid of his own soldiers and surrendered himself without any conditions when he had previously refused the conditions of Titius   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5584,"EventTxt":"Dio wrote that he was surprised  surrounded and taken by Titius and Furnius at Miletum  which is a town of Phrygia   Dio        p      Appian said that his army was compelled by Titius to take a solemn oath to Antony   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5585,"EventTxt":"When Antony knew what happened  he immediately sent letters and ordered Pompeius to be executed  A little later  he repented and ordered that he be spared  However  the carrier of the last letters came before the one that brought the first  Titius then received the letters concerning his death later  He supposed they were indeed written last or knowing the truth would not believe it  He followed the orders of the letters as they were delivered and not what Antony intended   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5586,"EventTxt":"There are some who report that it was not Antony who ordered the death of Pompeius  but Plancus  He was the governor of Syria and was accustomed to signing for Antony in letters of importance  He also used Antony s seal either with the knowledge of Antony   Yet he himself would not write  either because of the fame of Pompeius or because Cleopatra favoured him for the memory of his father  the Great Pompey   If Antony did not know then Plancus may have done it himself because he was afraid that Pompeius might be some cause of difference between Caesar and Antony  or lest Cleopatra should favour Pompeius and not him   Appian        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5587,"EventTxt":"Sextus Pompeius was executed at Miletum  Appian        p       Strabo        p      when L  Cornificius and another Sextus Pompeius were consuls   Dio        p      Livy has this note about him   Livy        vv When Sextus Pompeius had surrendered to Antony while still making war against him in Asia  He was overcome by his lieutenants","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5588,"EventTxt":"We read in Orosius   Orosius        c      vv Pompeius fled after being often defeated on sea and land  He was taken and a little later put to death","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5589,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus wrote that Antony   Velleius Paterculus        c      vv When he had promised that he would preserve the dignity of Sextus Pompeius then he killed him","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5590,"EventTxt":"He wrote in more detail   Velleius Paterculus        c      vv Pompeius fled into Asia and was killed by the order of Antony whose help he implored  Pompeius was undecided whether to be a general or a petitioner and now would retain his dignity and beg for his life  Antony had his throat cut by Titius  By this act  Antony was unpopular for a long time  When he exhibited plays in Pompeius  theatre  he was driven out from it with the curses of the people from the shows that he put on","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5591,"EventTxt":"Caesar Octavian held plays on horseback because of the death of Sextus Pompeius  He set up a chariot for the honour of Antony before the rostrum and statues in the temple of Concorde  He gave Antony permission to banquet there with his wife and children as it was formerly decreed to himself  For as yet he pretended to be his friend and comforted Antony concerning the Parthian expedition  Antony told him what envy there was risen against him by reason of the Sicilian victory and the honours decreed to him for it        Dio        p","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3969,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3969b AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5592,"EventTxt":"In the feast of tabernacles  the new high priest  Aristobulus who had just turned seventeen years old  offered the sacrifice according to the law  He was clothed in the priestly attire and came to the altar and performed the ceremony with all decency  He was quite handsome and taller than usual for one that old  He bore in his countenance the honour of his lineage and won the affection of all the multitude  Everyone recalled the worthy and memorable actions of his grandfather Aristobulus  They were overcome with affection for him and were so overjoyed that they could not contain themselves  They publicly prayed for him and wished him all joy and that more freely than was fit under such a king  proclaimed publicly the memory and thanks they owed to that family for all their benefits    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3970a AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5593,"EventTxt":"As soon as the feast was ended  he was entertained at a banquet by his mother Alexandra  King Herod courteously enticing the young man into a convenient place and pretended to jest with him after the manner of young men  Because that place was too hot and they were quickly weary  they left their games and went to the fish pools that were near the court to take in the fresh air at noon  At first they saw some of their friends and servants as they were swimming  At length the young man also  by the persuasion of Herod  went in among them  Then those to whom this charge was given  dunked him as he was swimming  as it were in sport and jest  They held him under water and did not stop until he drowned  This was the end of Aristobulus in the eighteenth year of his age and the first of his high priesthood which immediately reverted to Ananelus   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3970a AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5594,"EventTxt":"Now when this accident was reported to the women  they were all in an uproar and did nothing but weep and howl over the dead body of the young man  Sorrow seized the whole city  as soon as the rumour was spread abroad and every house bewailed the calamity as if it had been their own  Herod endeavoured by all means to make people believe  that this accident happened without his knowledge  He pretended to be sorrowful but also tears and grief very like to true grief  So that he might comfort the women more  he buried the body with a most magnificent funeral  He was extremely liberal in adorning his monument and in perfumes and other precious things   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3970a AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5595,"EventTxt":"His mother Alexandra  although she was often ready to commit suicide since she knew all what happened yet she repressed her passion  She behaved as if she was not suspicious as if she had thought that her son had not been killed on purpose until some occasion of revenge might offer itself   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-35,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4679,"Dating":"3970a AM, 4679 JP, 35 BC"}
{"Index":5596,"EventTxt":"Antony sought some way how he might the more easily be revenged of Artavasdes  the king of Armenia  He sent Q  Dellius to him and he asked and added many promises also that there might be a marriage between his daughter and Antony s son Alexander  whom he had by Cleopatra   Finally  he suddenly came in the beginning of the spring to Nicopolis  a city in the lesser Armenia that was built by Pompey  From there he sent for him to come  as though he would make use of both his advise and help in the Parthian war  Artavasdes suspected treachery and did not come   Dio        p","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5597,"EventTxt":"Alexandria was incensed by her grief to a desire of revenge  and told Cleopatra by letters of the treachery of Herod and also of the lamentable death of her son  Cleopatra who for a long time was desirous to help her and then pitying the woman s misfortune  took particular care of this business herself  She never stopped nagging Antony to revenge the young man s death and told him it was an unpardonable act that he that by his help had enjoyed a kingdom that rightfully belonged to another and behaved with such insolent rage against the lawful family of the kings  Antony was persuaded by these words  After he came into Laodicea in Syria  he sent for Herod to come before him  to answer to the crime against him about the death of Aristobulus   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5598,"EventTxt":"Herod committed the care of the kingdom to his Uncle Joseph and ordered him secretly that if Antony should do any harm to him then Joseph should execute his wife Mariamme  He told Joseph that he loved her so much  that he should esteem it a wrong done to himself  if any one should enjoy her beauty even after his death   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5599,"EventTxt":"Herod went to Antony and so appeased him with his presents which he had brought from Jerusalem for this purpose and so appeased his anger by with many conferences that after this Cleopatra s charges carried less weight with him  Antony denied that it was fitting that a king should give an account of his actions otherwise he would cease to be a king  For having once given him the honour of being a king he should have the free power to do as he wished  He also said that Cleopatra should not meddle too much with other men s governments    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5600,"EventTxt":"When Joseph governed the kingdom that was committed to him  he talked at various times with Mariamme  Sometimes it was about business and partly to honour her  He often mentioned how much Herod loved her which made the other ladies laugh  especially Alexandra  He was so trying to vindicate the king s love to them that he told them the secret command the king had given him  He thought that this was the best argument of his love because he could neither endure to live without her nor in death be parted from her  The ladies did not interpret it as an indubitable sign of Herod s love but abhorred his tyrannical mind  who though he were dead would yet seek their life   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5601,"EventTxt":"In the interim  a rumour spread in the city that the king was put to death by Antony  This disturbed all the court especially the ladies  Alexandra also persuaded Joseph that he should take them with him and he should flee to the ensigns of the Roman legions  They were around the city  Joseph should seek the protection of the tribune  Julius so that if at first there should be any troubles about the court  they would be safe and in the favour of the Romans  Moreover it was hoped that Mariamme could obtain anything  if she should ever see Antony and might also recover the kingdom and whatever belonged to the royal family   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5602,"EventTxt":"As they were holding this meeting  Herod s letters arrived that quashed the rumour  He wrote of what honours Antony had shown for him in public assemblies and by inviting him to feasts  He said that Antony did this even during the accusations of Cleopatra  who was desirous of that country and fought by all means to destroy him that she might usurp that kingdom  However  since Antony had showed himself just  no great danger was expected and he should shortly return after he had his kingdom and alliance confirmed by Antony  There was no hope left now for the covetousness of Cleopatra  since Antony had granted her Coelosyria  instead of what she had demanded  It was given on the condition that she would never again demand Judah or mention this matter to him   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5603,"EventTxt":"As soon as these letters were received  the reason for fleeing to the Romans vanished but their resolution to do so was not hidden  As soon as Herod had brought Antony some part of the way against the Parthians   for so he pretended  he returned into Judea  Immediately his sister  Salome and his mother Salome  told him what Alexandra intended to do with her friends  Salome was not content with this but accused her husband Joseph  as if he had been too familiar with Mariamme  She did this from an old grudge  because the queen was a woman of a high spirit and among other women s chatter  she had upbraided her for her lowly birth   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5604,"EventTxt":"Mariamme had testified to Herod by oath to her chastity and Herod had told her again how much he loved her  She denied that it was wrong for a lover to order that if he should die that also his wife should be put to death  Herod thought this secret could never be known unless she had committed adultery with Joseph  He wanted to kill her for this but he was overcome with love and he barely restrained himself from doing this  However  he ordered Joseph to be put to death and did not so much as allow him to come into his presence  He also put Alexandra into prison since she was the cause of all these evils    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5605,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile the affairs of Syria were unsettled  Cleopatra never failed to bias Antony against all men and persuaded him to take everyone s government from him and to give it to her  She wanted Judea and Arabia to be given to her and taken from the two kings  Herod and Malchus  She plotted their destruction  However  Antony thought it was unjust to put two such great kings to death as a favour to an importunate woman  In spite of this he no more counted them as his friends and took part of their country from them and gave it to Cleopatra  Moreover  he gave her all the cities which lie between the Eleutherus River and Egypt except for Tyre and Sidon  He knew these were always free cities although by her earnest intreaties she tried to get them also   Josephus  Wars        c           c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5606,"EventTxt":"Thus Cleopatra  by the bounty of Antony  enjoyed a large part of Cilicia  the country of Judea where the balsam grows  Arabia  Nabatea which was Malchus  country   that is all that bordered the sea  Ituraea  Phoenicia  Coelosyria  Cyprus and some part of Crete  Antony greatly offended the people of Rome with his large gifts  They were upset by the immorality of Cleopatra from whom he had twins previously  Alexandra and Cleopatra   whom he named one the Sun  and the other the Moon  and also Ptolemy  whom she named Philadelphus    Plutarch  Antony  c         c            Dio              Livy         Cleopatra is said to have understood many languages so that she did not need an interpreter but could speak either Ethiopian  Troglodita  Hebrew  Arabian  Syrian  Mede and Parthian  Her predecessors  the kings of Egypt  scarcely understood the Egyptian languages and some also of them had forgotten the Macedonian language    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5607,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra accompanied Antony  who was going with his army into Armenia  as far as the Euphrates River  She returned and on the way she visited Apamea and Damascus  Then she came into Judea   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5608,"EventTxt":"The third summer after Lepidus was put out of office by Caesar Octavian in Silicia  Antony undertook his expedition into Armenia   Velleius Paterculus        c          after the death of Sextus Pompeius    Appian             He again sent Q  Dellius to the king of Armenia to confer with him while he quickly went to Artaxata     Dio        b","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5609,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra was entertained by Herod in Judea and he assured her of that part of Arabia that was granted to her by Antony and the revenues of Jericho also were hers  This country bears balsam which was the most precious of all ointments and only grows there  Also there is a large supply of dates   Josephus  Antiq        c       The balsam is grown only in the land of Judea and is only in two gardens both of which belonged to the king  One was   acres large and the other was smaller    Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5610,"EventTxt":"By this  Herod became good friends with Cleopatra  She tried to allure him by her wiles either through the intemperance of her lust or else seeking an occasion too by this for her treachery  She only pretended love and Herod refused her  He had a meeting with his friends about killing her but was restrained from this attempt by them  He appeased Cleopatra by generous presents and all manner of attentive service  He accompanied her as far as Pelusium   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c      He was afraid of her and also of the Jewish people  He made that castle as a refuge for himself and stored as many arms there as would be needed for     men   Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5611,"EventTxt":"In Armenia  Antony induced King Artavasdes to come to him  He had his friends persuade him as well he frightened him with the size of his forces  The king was deceived by his many promises since Antony always behaved like his friend in his letters and deeds  He come into his camp upon his assurance and was apprehended    Dio              Livy           Strabo               Velleius Paterculus        c            Plutarch  Antony  c           Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5612,"EventTxt":"As soon as Antony had taken him  he carried him about the citadels where his treasure was stored  He did not put him in fetters and hoped to get the treasure without any fighting  He pretended that he took him captive only to get his money from the Armenians for their freedom and his kingdom  This was all in vain since those who kept the treasure  would not obey him    Dio","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5613,"EventTxt":"Those Armenians who bore arms  made his oldest son Artaxias the king instead of Artavasdes or Artabazes who was taken prisoner     Dio                Josephus  Antiq         c       Antony bound Artavasdes with silver chains as if it were a lowly thing for a king to be tied with iron fetters    Dio             By his silver chains he compelled him to confess where the royal treasure was  When he captured the town where he told him the treasure was stored  he took from there a large amount of gold and silver   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5614,"EventTxt":"After these things  Antony subdued all Armenia either by force or voluntary surrender    Dio              Josephus  Antiq         c      When Artaxias engaged him in a battle  he was defeated and fled to the Parthians    Dio             Antony led Artavasdes bound with his sons  who were princes  into Egypt as a present to Cleopatra along with whatever was valuable in that kingdom   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5615,"EventTxt":"At Rome on the  th  ides  of September  C  Sosius the proconsul triumphed for Judea  This appears in the marble triumphal records   Grater  Inscript  p","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3970,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3970b AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5616,"EventTxt":"Antony obtained for a stricter tie of friendship  the daughter of Artarasdes  the king of Media for a marriage with his son  He left his army in Armenia and he returned into Egypt with his enormous plunder  When he entered Alexandria in a chariot  he led before him among other captives  Artavasdes or Artabazes  the king of Armenia with his wife and children     Dio              The Romans were discontented by this as if the best possessions of their country  should be shared with the Egyptians as a favour to Cleopatra      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3971a AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5617,"EventTxt":"Antony presented Artavasdes  with his family in chains of gold  before Cleopatra  in an assembly of the people  She was on silver plated platform and sat in a chair of gold  The barbarians neither reverenced her  nor fell on their knees   although they were often ordered to do so by threats and promises   They only called her by her own name and for this they were thought to be high spirited and suffered all the more    Dio","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3971a AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5618,"EventTxt":"Antony feasted the Alexandrians and assembled the people into the show place where the young men exercise themselves  On the high silver platform  he placed two golden chairs  one for himself and another for Cleopatra and smaller chairs for his children  He then made a speech to the people and decreed that Cleopatra should be called Queen of Kings and her son and partner in the kingdom  namely  Ptolemy Caesarion  King of Kings  He gave them Egypt and Cyprus in a different division which he had previously made  He told them also that Cleopatra was the wife of Caesar the dictator and that Caesarion was his lawful son  He pretended that he spoke this in love for Caesar so that he might make Octavian hated  Octavian was not Caesar s son but only an adopted son  Antony allocated lands to the children whom he had by Cleopatra  He gave Lybia Cyreniaca to their daughter  Cleopatra  He gave Armenia to her brother  Alexander and promised also Media and Parthia and all those countries that lie beyond the Euphrates River even to India after he had conquered them  He also gave to Ptolemy  surnamed Philadelphus  Phoenicia  Syria  Cilicia  and all the country on this side of the Euphrates River to the Hellespont    Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3971a AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5619,"EventTxt":"Antony also brought out his other sons  Alexander in the clothes of the Medes and wearing the Persian clothes and a turban  Ptolemy came in slippers and cloak with a crown about it  These were the clothes of Alexander the Great s successors and the other of the Medes and Armenians  And as soon as the lads had greeted their parents  the Macedonians were to guard the one and the Armenians the other  Whenever Cleopatra appeared in public  she wore the clothes of the goddess Isis and so spoke to all her subjects in the name of the new Isis    Plutarch  Antony  c          She also ordered that she should be called Isis and the Selene and Antony  the new Osiris and Father Bacchus  Liber  since he was crowned with ivy and wore buskins  He was carried at Alexandria in a chariot like Father Liber     Velleius Paterculus        c            Dio                 Antony  Mark   Called new Osiris and the Father Bacchus","YearBCAD":-34,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4680,"Dating":"3971a AM, 4680 JP, 34 BC"}
{"Index":5620,"EventTxt":"Antony went as far as the Araxis River as if he intended to make war on the Parthians  He thought he had accomplished enough by making an alliance with Artarasdes  the king of the Medes  Antony and the Mede promised each other mutual assistance  the one against the Parthians and the other against Caesar  To seal the pact  they exchanged some soldiers  Antony also gave the Mede  part of Armenia that he had recently seized and received from him his daughter Iotape who was very young  to be in time a wife for his son Alexander  born of Cleopatra   to whom he had given the kingdom of Armenia  which also Livy also confirmed   Livy         The Mede also gave him the ensigns that were taken from Statianus    Dio                 Plutarch  in Antony  c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5621,"EventTxt":"After peace was made with the Medes  Antony gave to Polemon the Lesser Armenia  He also gave the consulship to L  Cluavius  or Cluvius  who was with him and he took him with him    Dio l","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5622,"EventTxt":"Caesar Octavian in the senate and before the people  frequently accused Antony and incensed the people against him  Antony also sent recriminations against him      Plutarch  Antony  c          Caesar among other things  complained that Antony held Egypt that was not assigned to him  He had killed Sextus Pompeius  whom  as he said  he had willingly let escape  He had treacherously taken Artavasdes and put him in prison  He had brought great infamy upon the people of Rome  Caesar demanded also some of the spoils  Above all Caesar upbraided him for his conduct with Cleopatra and the children that he had by her and the countries that he had given to her  He was especially upset because he had brought Caesarion  the son of Cleopatra  into the family of Caesar    Dio             Antony affirmed to the senate that he was acknowledged so by Julius Caesar and that C  Marius  C  Oppius  and the other friends of Julius Caesar knew this  Caius Oppius  as if the business needed a defence wrote a book  and said that Caesarion was not Caesar s son whom Cleopatra said was   Suetonius  in Julius  c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5623,"EventTxt":"When Antony was in Armenia  he ordered Canidius to go to the sea with   legions  However  he took Cleopatra with him and went to Ephesus where his fleets were all to meet  There were   ships of which Cleopatra promised   ships      talents and provisions for all the army during the war    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5624,"EventTxt":"Antony by the advice of Domitius and some others  ordered Cleopatra to return to Egypt and there to wait the result of the war  However  she feared that Antony and Octavia may be reconciled and she persuaded Canidius with large bribes that he would speak to Antony for her  He was to say that it was not fair that she should be sent back when she had brought so much for the war effort  It would not be good that the Egyptians should be discouraged who made up a large part of the naval forces  Antony was convinced and they assembled their forces and sailed to Samos where they gave themselves over to pleasure  Just as it was ordered that all kings  governors  tetrarchs  countries and cities that were between Syria  Meotis  Armenia and Lauria should help in the war  likewise it was ordered that all the dramatic artists meet at Samos  Whereas almost all the world was filled with weeping and wailing  this one island alone resounded with piping and singing for many days  All the theatre was full of these common players  Every city sent over for sacrifices and the kings strove among themselves who should make the greatest feast and give the greatest presents so that it was normally said  vv What will they do when they are conquerors in a triumph  when for the very preparation for the war is made with such sumptuousness    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5625,"EventTxt":"From here Antony sailed to Athens and there gave himself wholly over to see plays and shows    Plutarch  Antony  c          He went with a staff of gold  and a Persian sword by his side  a purple robe buttoned with precious stones and a crown so that a king might enjoy a queen    Florus        c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5626,"EventTxt":"The king of Media used the help of the Romans that Antony had left with him and defeated the Parthians and Artaxes  or Artaxias the Armenian  that came against him     Dio","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3971,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3971b AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5627,"EventTxt":"Herod duly paid the tributes of the countries of Judea and Arabia which Cleopatra had received from Antony  He thought it was not safe to give her any reason for ill will against him  Herod had undertaken to collect the tribute from Arabia and for some time paid   talents yearly  Later he was slow and negligent and scarcely paid her half and that very negligently   Joseph        c","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3972a AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5628,"EventTxt":"Caesar and Antony mutually accused each other and mutually defended themselves  This was sometimes done with private letters sent between them   Among those which Antony sent Caesar was most petulant   Suetonius  in Octavian  where Suetonius said that he began to live with Queen Cleopatra  whom he affirms to have been his wife for nine years   Some letters were sent publicly  Caesar publicly pleaded his case and Antony through his letters  On these occasions  they often sent ambassadors one to another so that they might more fully show their cause to be just and spy on the affairs of the adversary  In the mean while  they got money together  as if it had been for some other purpose and prepared for war as if it had been against other enemies    Dio","YearBCAD":-33,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4681,"Dating":"3972a AM, 4681 JP, 33 BC"}
{"Index":5629,"EventTxt":"The new consul at Rome  Caius Sosius  who had triumphed for Judea  on the first day of January made a long speech in the senate praising Antony and criticising Caesar   Gnaeus Domitius  his colleague because he had endured many calamities previous  did not get involved   Sosius was ready to make an edict against Caesar who had purposefully left the city  had not Nonius Balbus  the tribune of the people  opposed it     Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5630,"EventTxt":"Antony wrote to Rome to confirm that the allocation of lands that he had made at Alexandria of the country between Cleopatra and her children  In spite of this  these letters were not read publicly  Domitius and Sosius  the consuls who most favoured Antony forbid it  Caesar desired that all things might be made public  Since their opinion prevailed  Caesar had the senate agree that none of those that were written would be read concerning Artavasdes with whom Caesar had privately consulted with against Antony and he also begrudged Antony a triumph    Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5631,"EventTxt":"The senate convened and Caesar sat between the consuls in the curule chair  surrounded by his friends and soldiers  They carried concealed weapons  When he at length defended himself and accused Sosius and Antony and saw that neither any other nor the consuls themselves dared say a word  he ordered them to meet again on a certain day  He would show them the wrongs of Antony in writing  The consuls did not dare to oppose him nor were they able to hold their peace  They left the city privately before the day came and went to Antony  Many of the senators followed them  When Caesar knew of this  he said that any one his side was also free to go to Antony in safety lest he should seem to have been forsaken by them for some wrong he had done them    Dio                Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5632,"EventTxt":"After the consuls left  Caesar convened a senate and did and said what he wanted to  When Antony heard this  he called a council of his friends and after many arguments on both sides  he declared war     Dio              He ordered a divorce to be declared to his wife  Octavia  the sister of Caesar    Dio              Livy          Eutropius          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5633,"EventTxt":"Later he sent some men to Rome  to put Octavia out of his house  She went and took with her all Antony s children whom he had by Fulvia except the oldest who lived with his father  She wept and wailed exceedingly because she seemed to be one cause of the civil war  The people of Rome did not so much pity her as Antony and much more those that had seen Cleopatra who was not superior to Octavia in beauty nor youth     Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5634,"EventTxt":"When Caesar heard of the sudden and large preparations of Antony  he was very astonished and feared he should be forced to fight that summer  Caesar was very short of money and vexed the people of Italy with his exactions  It was Antony s most serious fault for delaying the battle  This gave Caesar time to prepare and to settle the uproar over his extractions    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5635,"EventTxt":"After King Herod had settled the troubles of Judea and had taken Hyrcanium   a town which the sister of Antigonus had kept   the war at Actium started in the  th Olympiad  which was this summer   Herod made large preparations for the helping of Antony however Antony relieved him of this by saying he did not require them  After Antony heard from Cleopatra and others of the wrong doings of the Arabians that refused to pay the tribute Antony imposed  Antony ordered Herod to make war on the Arabians  Cleopatra also persuaded Antony that it would be for her profit  She hoped that if Herod would defeat the Arabians then she would be the mistress of Arabia  If the Arabians defeated Herod then she would be the mistress of Judea  Therefore Herod returned home by Antony s orders and kept his army there  Soon he invaded Arabia with a good army of foot soldiers and cavalry  He went to Diospolis where the Arabians met him and after a fierce battle  the Jews got the victory    Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5636,"EventTxt":"Titius and Plancus were the best friends to Antony and had previously been consuls  They knew all Antony s plans and were secretly envied by Cleopatra because they were much against her presence in this war  They fled to Caesar who willingly entertained them  Caesar learned all Antony s actions and counsels as well as the contents of his will and its location  They were witnesses to it and knew the contents     Plutarch  Antony  c             Dio              Concerning Plancus  actions  who was formerly secretary to Antony and later Antony made him proconsul of Asia and then of Syria  and of his and Titius  flight  see Velleius      Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5637,"EventTxt":"Antony s will was deposited with the vestal virgins who refused to turn it over to Caesar  However  if he came and took it  they said they would not stop him  Therefore he went and took it      Plutarch  Antony  c          At first he read it privately and noted some places that were objectionable  Later  he read it publicly in the senate and then to the people  Many were offended that while a man was alive  he should give an account of things to be done after his death  Although it was considered very unjust to do this  yet those things which were contained in the will were of such a nature  that they removed all envy from Caesar for his actions  Antony s will stated that Caesarion was indeed the very son of Caesar the dictator  He counted the children whom he had by Cleopatra among his heirs and bestowed large gifts on them  Concerning his funeral  it said that even if he had died at Rome  he should be carried through the forum and sent to Alexandria to Cleopatra    Plutarch  Antony  c           Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5638,"EventTxt":"These things so enraged everyone against Antony  that they believed all things to be true that were reported of him  They thought that Antony  if he should get the power into his hands  would give Rome itself to Cleopatra and move the empire to Egypt  Moreover  all men were so angry with him  that not only his enemies but also his friends blamed him very much  They were astonished at the reading of the will and come to the same conclusion Caesar did about Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5639,"EventTxt":"The recent runaway Plancus stated many horrible things against Antony in the senate   Velleius Paterculus     I e          Calvius  or Clavisius  a friend of Caesar s upbraided Antony also as actions done as a favour to Cleopatra  Most of his charges were thought to be false  However  Antony s friends were intercessors to the people for him  They sent Geminius into Greece to Antony to desire that he would take heed that the empire should not be taken from him and that he should not be declared an enemy to the state  At supper time Geminius was provoked by Cleopatra and told her that all things would go well if she went to Egypt  However  he feared the queen s anger and he was forced to flee as fast as he could to Rome      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5640,"EventTxt":"As soon as Caesar was sufficiently prepared  he proclaimed open war against Cleopatra  The consulship also  for Antony was appointed consul for the next year  was taken from him as well as all his other power which he had committed to the pleasure of a woman  It is said also that Cleopatra by her charms had so besotted Antony that he was not his own man      Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio             She had so enthralled him that she made him the overseer of the exercises of the Alexandrians and she was called by him queen and lady  She had Roman soldiers in her guard and all of them had written on their shields the name of Cleopatra  She went also into the forum with Antony and helped him put on plays  she sat with him in judg  she rode horseback with  she rode in a chariot in the cities while Antony followed her on foot with the eunuchs  In short  she was so bold as to hope for the government over the Romans as if she did at any time  She always swore by a great oath as she hoped to make laws in the capitol    Dio  p         She also  through her womanish desire  wished to reign in Rome   Eutropius         Horace wrote about this   Horace        Ode      This Queen did to The Capitol provide  And Empire  ruin  Joining to her side The dregs of the World  being above hope now  Ravished with madam fortune s pleasing brow","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5641,"EventTxt":"Ovid stated   Ovid  Metamorphos         The Egyptian spouse shall fall    trusting to her Roman General  To make our stately Capitol obey Of proud Canopus shall in vain assay","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5642,"EventTxt":"If Antony had been declared an enemy  those who were with him  except those who had defected from him  would likewise have been accounted enemies  Lest it should happen   for the power of his friends was to be feared  he was not in word declared an enemy though he was an enemy indeed  Impunity and commendations were propounded to those who should forsake Antony  However war was publicly proclaimed against Cleopatra whom they knew would never forsake him  It sufficed that this crime might be objected against him that he of his own accord had undertaken a war against his own country by whom he was never offended on the behalf of an Egyptian woman and as if there had now been an actual war  They took their soldiers  coats and went to the temple of Bellona  There Caesar  as if he had been an herald  performed all those things by their orders that were accustomed to be done after the manner of the Romans before the war was started     Dio               They added moreover that now those that were to make war with the Romans were Macedonian eunuchs and Pothinus and Iras that trimmed Cleopatra s hair and Charmium  Nairas and Carmio  Gala says were Cleopatra s Maids   Gala  de Theriaca ad Posonim   by whom the greatest affairs of Antony s empire were managed    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5643,"EventTxt":"After this  the youth were called earnestly to arms by both sides  Money was coined and all things which were necessary for the war were provided  The preparation for this war was far greater than all the former wars because so many countries sent help to each side  Caesar got help from all Italy  France  Spain  Illyricum  both the Aricks  Sardinia  Sicily  and other islands that lay near the previously mentioned continents    Dio             He had   warships      foot soldiers and     cavalry  Antony had more than   warships of which some had eight or ten tiers of oars  They were furnished sumptuously and fit for a triumph  He had     foot soldiers and as many cavalry as Caesar had      cavalry  Antony got help from the kings who were his subjects  Bocchus  king of Africa   that was ousted of his kingdom by the Romans  Tarcondemus   or Tarcondimotus  of the Upper Cilicia  Archelaus of Cappadocia  Philadelphus of Paphlagonia  Mithridates of Commagena  and Adallas  king of Thracia  These were personally present in the war  Polemon sent help from Pontus  Malchus  from Arabia and Herod from Judea as well as Amyntas  King of Lyconia and Galatia  Antony also commanded all from the Euphrates River and Armenia  even to the Ionian Sea and Illyricum and from Cyrene to Ethiopia    Plutarch  Antony  c            Thereupon all the countries of the continent of Asia who obeyed the Romans  namely  Thracia  Greece  Macedonia  Egypt  Cyrene  with the borders and all the neighbouring islands and almost all kings and princes and all who only bordered on that part of the Roman Empire  These obeyed Antony  Some came in person  others sent their generals  as it is said  and helped Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5644,"EventTxt":"Supplies also were sent to him from the king of the Medes      Plutarch  Antony  c          When Antony saw this he sent them back and recalled his own soldiers whom he had lent to the Medes  That king defeated Phraates  King of the Parthians  and Artaxes  or Artaxias  King of the Armenians  By this Armenia  which Antony had recently conquered  was lost together with Media from the Romans    Dio","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5645,"EventTxt":"Antony feared even the over attentiveness of Cleopatra herself when he was preparing for the war at Actium  He would not eat anything that had not been previously tasted  She is said by this means to have purged him of this fear  She dipped the uppermost flowers of her garland in poison and put the garland on her own head  Immediately  in the height of their mirth  she invited Antony to drink their garlands  When Antony took it from his head and he put it into the cup and began to drink  She  with her hand  stopped him and said  VV I am she  my dear Antony  who you provide by this new craze for tasters  Do you think that either occasion or invention is lacking  if I could live without you","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5646,"EventTxt":"Then she called for a prisoner and ordered him to drink it  He soon died     Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5647,"EventTxt":"Herod had routed the largest part of the Arabian army at Cana in Coelosyria  Athenio  the general of Queen Cleopatra in that country  hated Herod and assembled a number of the natives and joined with the Arabians  They made a large slaughter of the Jews in the rough and difficult places  with which the enemy was better acquainted   When the king saw that his men were put to the worse  he sent men on horseback  to bring new troops  However  he hurried as fast as possible to the Jew s camp only to find the enemy had taken it   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3972,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3972b AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5648,"EventTxt":"From that time on  Herod began to make incursions and to prey on the Arabians  He always camped on the mountains and always avoided to come to a set battle  He was successful by this in that he accustomed his men to labour and continual exercise  He prepared himself to blot out the infamy of his former defeat   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3973a AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5649,"EventTxt":"Antony  intended to go into Italy and to carry on the war there before his enemies were aware  When he came to Coreyra  he heard that some light ships which were sent out for spies were anchored by the Ceraunian Mountains  He suspected that Caesar was come with his whole fleet and went back again into Peloponesus   for it was now at the end of Autumn  and wintered at Patara  He sent his soldiers into all places that they might guard them better and that there might be a better supply of food for them     Dio        p","YearBCAD":-32,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4682,"Dating":"3973a AM, 4682 JP, 32 BC"}
{"Index":5650,"EventTxt":"Caesar sailed from Brundusium and went as far as Coreyra  He thought to attack by surprise the enemy as they were on the way to Actium  He was thwarted by a storm and forced to return  Thus he missed his chance    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5651,"EventTxt":"While Herod made inroads on the land of Arabia in the seventh year of his reign  calculated here and hereafter from the death of Antigonus in the month of August   BC   The war at Actium had now begun  In the beginning of the spring  Judea was shaken with an earthquake like it never had before  In the ruins of the houses      men were killed  The soldiers were unharmed because they were in the open fields  This calamity was made much worse when the Arabians who were their enemies found out about it  They became quite proud as if all the cities of the Jews were overthrown and all the men were dead so that there were no enemies left  For this reason they laid hold of the ambassadors of the Jews  who in this affliction  came to ask for peace  They slew them and soon prepared for war with all earnestness   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5652,"EventTxt":"Herod encouraged his men and offered sacrifices according to the custom  He quickly marched with his army over Jordan and camped at Philadelphia  The battle started over the citadel that was located between him and the Arabians  The Jews won and forced the dismayed enemy to another battle  There  after continual skirmishes  the Arabians were put to flight  In the rout  they trod under foot their own men when the Jews pursued them  They lost   men and the rest were besieged in their camp and very short of water  They sent ambassadors to Herod whom he despised  They were more earnest and offered   talents for their freedom because they were so short of water  Finally  they came out in companies and surrendered to the Jews  Thus   captives were taken in five days  On the fifth day the rest that were in the camp came out to fight  but they were defeated and   men died  By this defeat the courage of the Arabians was subdued and Herod was declared governor of that country by them  He returned home with great glory   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5653,"EventTxt":"Hillel  a Babylonian of the family of David  lived at Jerusalem   years before the Jewish account of the destruction of the temple  This is taken from the Gemora Babylonic  tractat  tbf c     He had a large number of disciples of which one was Jonathan  the son of Uzziel  the famous author of the Chaldee Paraphrase of the prophets  The Pharisees were divided into two sects from a difference arising between Hillel and Sammaius  or Sameas concerning whom was formerly spoken from Josephus   the Pharisees Jerome   Jerome        commentary on Isa     stated this  vv The Nazarites  such are those who received Christ and yet observed the old law  interpret the two houses of Sammaius and Hillel as two families from whom sprung the scribes and Pharisees","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5654,"EventTxt":"He adds moreover  vv Sammaius and Hillel   or their two houses  of which there is so often mention made in the Talmud  sprang not up long before the Lord was born","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5655,"EventTxt":"Phraates  the king of the Parthians  became more insolent by the victory he had over Antony  He dealt more cruelly than before and was driven into exile by his own subjects  Tiridates was made the new king   Justin        c        Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5656,"EventTxt":"A certain Midian persuaded the Mysians of Asia to revolt from Antony and with their help they made war there against Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5657,"EventTxt":"Antony went to Actium where he had appointed to meet his fleet and was not disturbed when he found that almost a third of his sailors had starved to death  He said  vv Well the oars are safe  for I will not lack rowers  as long as Greece has any men   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5658,"EventTxt":"Thereupon the captains conscripted the travellers  mule drivers  harvesters and young men  In spite of this the ships were not fully manned and many were empty      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5659,"EventTxt":"Asinius Pollio stayed in Italy all the while after the peace was concluded at Brundusium and had never seen Cleopatra or after that  when Antony was so taken with the love of her  was he active on Antony s side  When Caesar asked if he would go with him to the war at Actium  he replied  vv My services to Antony are too great  his favours to me are more known  therefore I will have nothing to do with your difference with him but will be the prize of the conqueror     Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5660,"EventTxt":"M  Agrippa was sent ahead by Caesar  and captured many cargo ships loaded with grain and arms as they were coming from Egypt  Syria  and Asia to help Antony  He crossed over the bay of Peloponesus and conquered Methona which was fortified with a strong garrison by Antony   Orosius        c       He killed Bogud there  He determined the best places for the cargo ships to arrive  From there he went into various places in Greece and very much troubled Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5661,"EventTxt":"Caesar was encouraged by these results and went from Brundusium with   ships having their prows armed and all his forces  He sailed into Epirus after he crossed the Ionian Sea    Dio              Livy          Plutarch  Antony  c           Orosius        c      He met his foot soldiers whom he had drawn within the Ceraunian Mountains to Actium  He seized with his ships Corcyra which was left without a garrison  He anchored at Fresh Harbour because the harbour was not salty  From there he went with his fleet to Actium where the most of Antony s fleet was also anchored  Then he camped at that place where he later built Nicopolis    Dio l","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5662,"EventTxt":"When Antony saw his enemies sailing towards him as soon as it was day  he feared that they would take his ships  He lacked men to defend thema and placed his sailors on the forecastle in arms  He ordered them to hold up their oars on both sides of the ships as if they had been soldiers  So he kept them in the mouth of the harbour at Actium with the prows towards the enemy as if they had been well furnished with rowers and ready for a fight  Caesar was fooled by this stratagem and returned    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5663,"EventTxt":"Marcus Agrippa sailed to Leucas and took the island and the ships that were in it from under the very nose of Antony s fleet  He also seized Patoae after defeating Q  Asidius in a naval battle and later took Corinth    Velleius Paterculus        c            Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5664,"EventTxt":"Marcus Titius and Statilius Taurus suddenly attacked Antony s cavalry and routed them  They also joined in a league with Philadelphus  King of Paphlagonia    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5665,"EventTxt":"Cneus Domitius a very gallant man  who alone of all Antony s party  refused to greet Cleopatra except but by her own name and was extremely hated by the queen  He defected to Caesar by going through great and imminent danger     Dio                 Velleius Paterculus        c          When he was sick with a fever  he took a little boat and went over to Caesar  Although Antony took it badly  he opposed Cleopatra s wishes and sent him all his baggage together with his friends and servants  Domitius  as though he repented of his public treasons  died soon after     Plutarch  Antony  c           because he seemed to have fled from Antony  as though he despaired of Antony s good fortune  Many followed his example    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5666,"EventTxt":"Antony began to despair and suspected all his friends of whom among others  he put to death by torture  Jamblichus a king of part of Arabia  He ordered that some should be torn in pieces including Q  Posthumius  a senator  Antony feared lest Quintus Dellius and Amyntas  King of Galatia  who had been sent into Macedonia and Thracia to hire soldiers should defect to Caesar  He went after them as if it were to help them if the enemy should attack them     Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5667,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Sosius on Antony s side  hoped that if he should attack L  Tauresius  who with a few ships kept a guard against Antony s fleet  before the arrival of Agrippa  who was Caesar s admiral  he might do some great exploit  Early in the morning  he suddenly attacked him  He took advantage of a fog lest when Tauresius saw the number of his ships  he should flee  He defeated Tauresius in the first conflict and chased him  By chance he was met by Agrippa hence he did not overtake Tauresius or receive any reward for his victory  However  Sosius was killed along with Tarcondimotus and many others    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5668,"EventTxt":"This defeat  as well as the defeat of his cavalry by Caesar s guard  changed Antony s mind about having his camp opposite the enemies  camp  Therefore he left it by night and went to the other side of the Ambracian Gulf where his larger forces were camped  Since he was blockaded from getting provisions  he held a council  He wanted to decide whether they should go to battle now or leave that place and fight the war later     Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5669,"EventTxt":"Canidius  who commanded the legions and was the reason Antony brought Cleopatra with him  now changed his mind and persuaded him to send her back again  Antony should then go into Thracia or Macedonia and then decide the matter in a land battle because he was stronger on land and also he might make use of the fresh troops that Dicomes the King of the Betae sent    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5670,"EventTxt":"However  Cleopatra and Antony were frightened by some prodigies  Because of these and the low morale  Cleopatra prevailed with Antony that the war should be decided in a naval battle  However  she prepared for her flight and packed her baggage as if she did not think they would win and all was lost  She planned how she could more easily escape  They determined not to secretly steal away as if they fled  lest they should strike fear into the army since it was already prepared for battle  However  if any would oppose them  that they might by brute force make their way into Egypt     Plutarch  Antony  c              Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5671,"EventTxt":"Velleius Paterculus says    Velleius Paterculus        c          that King Amyntas  but Plutarch stated that both he and Dejotarus defected to Caesar  Q  Dellius the historian also defected to Caesar   to whom the third Ode of the second book Carmin of Horace was written   He was either afraid of the treacheries of Cleopatra  which he said Glaucus  her physician told him of or else he followed his old pattern  He had defected from Dolabella to Cassius and from Cassius to Antony  He was called by Messala Corinus  the vaulter of the civil wars    Seneca  in Orat  Suasor        Velleius Paterculus        c            Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio l","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5672,"EventTxt":"Antony s fleet was twice defeated before the last great battle     Velleius Paterculus        c          Just as they were going to the last battle  it was said that there was a captain of the foot soldiers  who was a valiant man and had fought many battles under Antony s command and had many scars on his body  In Antony s presence he cried out to him  vv O noble emperor  why do you distrust these wounds and our swords and put your trust in these wooden ships  Let the Egyptians and Phoenicians fight by  give us permission to fight by land  where we would either die standing or to defeat our enemies","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5673,"EventTxt":"Antony did not reply but with his hand and countenance as it were he bid him be of good courage  Antony passed by without any great courage himself      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5674,"EventTxt":"Of the Egyptian ships  Antony and Cleopatra only kept   and burnt the rest  They did not have enough solders to guard them because of the number of runaways and defeats  By night  they carried aboard all the things they had of most value  When the captains of the galleys in the battle would only have taken their oars and have left their sails  Antony compelled them to carry them with them and to put them on their ships  He said it must be done  lest any of his enemies should escape when by this means Antony was really providing a means to escape     Plutarch  Antony  c              Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5675,"EventTxt":"Caesar had   warships and   without tiers of oars  His galleys for swiftness were like light ships  In the fleet were eight legions  besides five praetorian cohorts  Antony s fleet was   ships  Although they were fewer in number they were much larger in size and some had   tiers of oars   Orosius        c      Floras stated    Florus        c          We had   ships and the enemy had not less than   but what they lacked in number was made up for in size  All they had were from six to nine tiers of oars  Moreover  they were so raised with turrets and decks that they resembled castles and cities and made the sea groan under them and the wind out of breath to move them  There very size was there weakness","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5676,"EventTxt":"Caesar  in his commentaries  produced by Plutarch  denied these things concerning the number of Antony s ships  He said that he took   of them  Vegetius   Vegetius  de re militari        c       stated the size may be calculated by the tiers of oars  There met ships of six and more tiers of oars","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5677,"EventTxt":"Floras stated that  Caesar s ships did not have more than three to six tiers and none larger","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5678,"EventTxt":"Strabo along with Plutarch and Dio positively said that Antony had some ships that had ten tiers  See Scaliger about this   Scaliger  Eusebius  ad num","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5679,"EventTxt":"It was reported that Sextus Pompeius was defeated in Sicily by the larger size of Caesar s ships  Antony had built his ships much larger than his enemies  He had some of three tiers of oars but all the rest were from four to ten tiers  He also built high towers on them and put in them great numbers of men who would fight as it were from a wall  He put all the noble men he had with him on shipboard  lest if they were on their own  they may revolt from him  as Dellius and some others that fled to Caesar had done   He also put on board some archers  slingers  and armed soldiers    Dio            He filled his best and largest ships  from three to ten tiers of oars  with     foot soldiers and   archers    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5680,"EventTxt":"When Caesar saw the preparations of the enemy and knew of his intentions from others  but especially from Dellius  he prepared also for the battle    Dio             The first four days the sea was so rough that the battle was delayed  On the fifth day the sky cleared  and storm ceased and they came to battle  Antony and Poblicolus were in the right wing  Caelius in the left  the middle was M  Cotavia  and M  Justeius commanded  Caesar placed Agrippa in the left wing and he kept the right wing himself    Plutarch  Antony  c          However Velleius Paterculus stated    Velleius Paterculus        c          The right wing of the Caesar s ships was committed to M  Larius  or Lurius  and the left to Arruntius  Agrippa directed the whole battle by sea  Caesar was present anywhere  he felt the his presence was needed to help the battle  The command of Antony s fleet was committed to Publicola and Sosius","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5681,"EventTxt":"All historians agree on the commanders of the land forces  Taurus commanded Caesar s forces and Canidius commanded Antony s","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5682,"EventTxt":"Antony sailed about in a swift Pinnas ship and exhorted his soldiers and encouraged them to fight valiantly as if they were on firm land because the ships were so heavy and large  Antony ordered the captains of the galleys that they should receive their enemies  charge as if their ships were at anchor and that they stay in the mouth of the gulf   Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5683,"EventTxt":"They reported that while it was yet dark  Caesar left his tent to visit his fleet  On his way he met an ass named Nicon  meaning Victor  and his driver Eutyohus  meaning Prosper   After the victory  he erected their images in brass in a temple which he built in the very place where he had camped   Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Plutarch  Antony  c          There happened also that as he was sacrificing before the fight  a beast that had a two livers was sacrified    Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5684,"EventTxt":"Caesar went in a pinnace ship to the right wing of Antony s fleet  and wondered why the enemy lay so still in the gulf and thought that they were at anchor  As he kept his galleys  a little gale began to rise from the sea and Antony s soldiers began to be angry that they were withheld from fighting  They trusted in the huge size of their ships  as if they had been invincible  They advanced their left wing which Caesar s men began to fight with as soon as they left the gulf    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5685,"EventTxt":"Caesar s ships were more agile and easier to manoeuvrer in battle  either to attack or retire  The enemy ships were heavy and unwieldy and many of Caesar s ships attacked each of them with arrows  rams and shot fire brands and overcame them    Florus        c          On the other side  Antony s soldiers  shot with their crossbows from the wooden towers  arrows and stones  They also cast grappling irons on the enemy s ships if they came too near  If the irons grabbed  they overcame the enemy  otherwise they made a hole in their own ships and sank them  This is how the sea battle went  Both sides used various methods to stir up the skill and courage of their soldiers  They also heard the cries of those land soldiers that heartened them on crying  Courage    Dio                Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5686,"EventTxt":"Agrippa extended one of his wings to surround the enemy  Poblicola  on the other side was also forced to widen his wing and so was divided from his main body  Antony was attacked and fought with Arrantius but on equal terms  Cleopatra who had been in suspense for a long time as what to do and now feared the they might lose the battle  signalled her ships  She in a galley whose poop deck was of gold and her sails of purple along with   of the swiftest Egyptian ships  hoisted their main sails  They had a good wind and set sail for Peloponesus  As soon as Antony saw the ships of Cleopatra under sail  he forgot everything and embarked in a galley with five tiers of oars  He removed the ensign from the admiral s galley and followed his fleeing wife accompanied only by Alexander  Syrian and Scellius    Florus        c            Plutarch  Antony  c              Dio                Orosius        c      Thus the general  who should punish runaways  deserted his own army  No doubt he would have ordered the victory according to the wishes of Cleopatra  who caused his flight at her command    Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5687,"EventTxt":"When Cleopatra saw that Antony was coming  she lifted up a sign from her ship and Antony was taken on board  He did not see her nor was seen by her but went and sat down alone in the prow of the ship  He never said a word and clapped both his hands over his head   Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5688,"EventTxt":"Antony s soldiers were astonished by the flight of their general  and began also to think of fleeing  Some hoisted sail and others cast the towers and tacklings of their ships into the sea so that the lightened ships could flee faster  Caesar s soldiers  who had no sails on their ships and were only prepared for a naval battle  did not follow those who fled  They attacked those that were preparing to flee  for now they were equal to their enemies in number   They surrounded each of the ships of their enemies and with many of their own  they fought with them close by and who were afar off     Dio             Antony s soldiers were very brave for a long time after their general was gone and when they despaired of victory  they fought so that they might die  Caesar tried to pacify them with words whom he might have killed with his sword  He shouted to them telling them that Antony had fled and demanded of them for whom and with whom they fought     Velleius Paterculus        c           Finally he was forced to order fire to be brought from the camp for now there was no other way of getting the full victory  He had refrained from setting fire to the ships in hope of getting the enemies  treasure  Caesar s men could not control themselves when the enemy s ships were on fire much less do any more harm to their enemies  They sailed to them and with desire of getting money  they endeavoured to quench the fire  Many perished by being burned with their ships and in fighting with their enemies    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5689,"EventTxt":"When the fleet of Antony had long resisted Caesar and was seriously damaged with the waves which beat against the prows of their ships  they were defeated about the tenth hour    Plutarch  Antony  c          Thus the soldiers when they had long fought for their absent general  at last very unwillingly laid down their arms and surrendered  Caesar soon gave them life and pardon to those before they even could be persuaded to ask for it  It was generally granted that the soldiers performed the parts of an excellent general  and the general of a cowardly soldier    Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5690,"EventTxt":"From the fifth hour  as Orosius says  to the seventh  the battle on both sides went without any clear outcome  However  the rest of the day with the following night  Caesar got the upper hand  Orosius        c      for the battle continued until late at night so that the conqueror was forced to stay on board all night   Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5691,"EventTxt":"The battle at Actium was fought when Caesar and Messala Corvinus were consuls    Velleius Paterculus        c          on the second of September  From this time begins the empire of Caesar as in the beginning of his  st book of Dio  In another place Dio said his reign lasted   years    Dio             less   days the time between his death on the  th of August and the second of September when he started to rule  Both of those days are excluded after which custom of Suetonius  Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Aurelius Victor and Eutropius are to be followed when as they say that he alone governed the state a full   years","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5692,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day  Caesar completed his victory      of the conquered were killed and   or   wounded of whom   died of their wounds   Orosius        c     Plutarch stated that not more than   died and   ships were captured  The remains of this huge armada  was carried in its wrecks up and down over the whole sea  For the seas being cleared with the wind and did daily wash up on the shores gold and purple from the spoils of the Arabians and Sabeans and a thousand other countries of Asia   Floras        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5693,"EventTxt":"This famous naval battle was so much spoken of by the poets of that time   Virgil  Aeneid         Ovid  Metamorphos       Horace  Epod     ad Moecenatem   Propertius        Elog       Propertius has this memorable saying  The cause it is the soldier animates  Which if not good  his courage shame abates","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5694,"EventTxt":"The rejoiner is that what Messala Corvinus is reported to have said  when he was commended by Caesar  with whom he was colleague this year in the consulship   He said that although he was his utter enemy in Brutus  rebellion  yet he had done very good service for Caesar in the battle of Actium  vv O Caesar  you shall always find me of the better and juster party     Plutarch  Brutus  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5695,"EventTxt":"From the spoils of the enemy  Caesar dedicated ten ships to Apollo from Actium  from a ship of one tier of oars up to a ship with ten    Strabo        p       Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5696,"EventTxt":"Caesar sent part of his fleet in pursuit of Antony and Cleopatra  When they could not overtake them  they returned    Dio             Some lighter ships overtook Antony which he repulsed  Only Eurycles  a Lacedemonian  the son of Lacharis who was beheaded by Antony for thievery  shook a lance at him from the deck of the ship as if he should have thrown it at him  He did not attack Antony s ship but he struck another galley of the admiral with his prow  for there were two of them   He turned her round and captured her and another ship which was loaded with very rich items and baggage   Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5697,"EventTxt":"After he was gone  Antony returned to his former silence and resumed his previous posture  After he had spent three days thus in the prow of the ship  he was either smitten with anger or shame  He arrived at Taenarus where Cleopatra s women first brought them to speak to each other and later they ate and slept together     Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5698,"EventTxt":"Many merchant ships arrived there and some of Antony s friends who had escaped by flight  brought news that indeed the fleet was scattered but they thought that the land forces were intact  Antony sent messengers to Canidius and ordered him that as quickly as possible  he should retire with the army through Macedonia into Asia      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5699,"EventTxt":"Many of the army on land did not know of Antony s flight  When they heard of it  it seemed incredible that he should flee and leave behind him   whole legions of foot soldiers and     cavalry  His soldiers hoped that he would again appear somewhere else  They showed so much loyalty to him that when his flight was certainly known  they stayed seven days and rejected the messengers who were sent to them by Caesar    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5700,"EventTxt":"Caesar overtook them as they were marching into Macedonia and without fighting  joined them to himself    Dio             When it was night  the general Canidius left the camp and in all haste fled to Antony  They were destitute of all things and betrayed by their leaders so they joined themselves to the conqueror   Velleius Paterculus        c            Plutarch  Antony       who added them to his own army    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5701,"EventTxt":"Many of the Roman nobility even then fled to Antony but the auxiliaries fled into their own countries and never after this waged war against Caesar  They along with all the people who were formerly subject to the Romans  over the space of time accepted the conditions of peace from Caesar    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5702,"EventTxt":"Caesar demanded money from the cities and took from them the power over the citizens which they usurped in the councils of the people  He took from the kings and governors  all the towns they had received from Antony  except for Amyntas and Archelaus  He disposed  Philopater the son of Tarcondimotus   the prince of Cilicia   Lycomedes who obtained the kingdom of Pontus in part of Cappadocia and Alexander the brother of Jamblichus  who had received a kingdom in Arabia  Alexander had received his kingdom for accusing Caesar  He gave the country of Lyconmedis to Medius  who was the instigator of the revolt of the Mysians of Asia from Antony  He granted freedom to the Cydonians and Lampaeans  in Crete   because they helped him  He rebuilt the city of the Lampaeans which was destroyed  The senators and equestrians and other noble men  who had in any way helped Antony  were either fined or put to death or pardoned    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5703,"EventTxt":"Among those that he granted life to  was Sosius  He had often made war against Caesar but fled and hid and was later found  Caesar let him go free  Caesar spared M  Scaurus  the half brother of Sextus Pompeius  who also was appointed to death  for his mother Murcia s sake  Among those who were put to death  was Curio the son of that Curio whose help Caesar the dictator often used and his father Aquilles Flori  Caesar only ordered the one who drew the lot to die  Before the lots were cast  the son offered to die and was executed  The father from great grief killed himself over his dead son s body    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5704,"EventTxt":"Cassius Parmensis fled to Athens    Velleius Paterculus     I e          Horace mention him  Horace        epist     as asking of Albius Tibullus the poet  if he means him  vv What  write to excel Parmensis Cassius","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5705,"EventTxt":"Of Cassius  poems  Orpheus is thought to be one  which is recorded by Achilles Statius  at the end of the commentaries on the book of Suetonius  a famous rhetorician  A poem also called Brutus is cited by Varro   Varro  de lingua Latina         It stated that Cassius was terrified at Athens with such a ghost  as was said to have appeared to Brutus before the battle at Philippi  Valerius noted in these words in the previous place  In the dead of the night as he lay in bed  his mind was wrought with grief and cares  He thought that he saw coming to him  a very large man  He was of a black hew with an ugly beard and long hair  When Cassius asked who he was  he answered  xakodaimona  He was terrified with so horrible a vision and a more horrid name  He called his servants and asked them if they saw anyone coming or going  They replied that no one came there and he went back to bed  However  the same vision was always in his mind  Therefore  he gave up trying to sleep and ordered a light to be brought in and forbid his servants to leave him  Valerius added that a short time later after this night  he was executed by Caesar  He was among the last that were put to death for the murder of Julius Caesar as Trebonius was the first to die    Velleius Paterculus        c           Orosius        c      This we know from the previous account of Valerius Maximus  which was done at Athens a little after the victory at Actium","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5706,"EventTxt":"At that time  Caesar sailed to Athens and was appeased with the Greeks  he distributed the grain that was left in the war to the cities which suffered from famine and were despoiled of money  servants  and horses    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5707,"EventTxt":"Antony wanted to leave Tenarus for Africa and selected one good cargo ship to hold his enormous treasure  He gave the other rich plate of gold and silver to his friends and ordered them to divide it among them and to shift for themselves  They refused and were in tears  He very courteously comforted them and finally dismissed those who would provide for themselves  He wrote letters to Theophilus  the governor of Corinth  that he would keep them safe and give them some hiding place until they might make their peace with Caesar  Theophilus was the father of Hypparchus  who was greatly respected by Antony and the first of his freed men who defected to Caesar and later went and lived at Corinth     Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5708,"EventTxt":"So that Cleopatra might safely sail to Egypt  she put crowns on the prows of her ships and ordered those songs to be sung on a pipe that are usually sung after obtaining a victory     Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5709,"EventTxt":"When they arrived safely in Egypt  she put to death many noble men who were always her enemies  At that time they were elated over her defeat  She took what they had  including the sacrifices to their gods and even from temples  She got an enormous amount of money this way and she prepared an army and sought after foreign mercenaries  She hoped to make an alliance with the king of Media and she sent to him the head of the king of Armenia   Artavasdes or Artabazes     Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5710,"EventTxt":"She also embarked on a bold and great enterprise  She planned to have her fleet cross over the isthmus which divides the Red Sea from Egypt which is thought to divide Africa from Asia  It is about   miles at its narrowest point  She sent her forces into the Arabian Gulf with a great amount of money  so that she might find some remote country with her ships and so be free from slavery and war    Plutarch  Antony  c          However  the first ships which were carried over and others that were built for sailing into the Red Sea were burnt by the inhabitants of Arabia Pesora by the instigation of Q  Didius the governor of Syria      Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5711,"EventTxt":"Antony came into Africa and went into a desert  He wandered up and down with only his two friends  Aristocrates a Greek rhetorician  and Luculius  a Roman    Plutarch  Antony  c          After he had sent some to Pinarius Scarpus and the army which he had previously raised for the defence of Egypt  the general told them that he would not entertain Antony and killed those who were sent to him and also put to death some soldiers who disagreed with his actions    Dio l","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5712,"EventTxt":"When Antony knew of this revolt  he planned to kill himself but was prevented by his friends  He went to Alexandria and still thought that the legions at Actium were intact   Canidius later brought him news that this was not so   Therefore  Cleopatra abandoned her plans of sailing into the Red Sea and fortified with garrisons the mouths of the Nile River instead    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5713,"EventTxt":"But Antony left the city and the company of his friends and built an house on the sea by the isle of Pharos  He created a mound in the sea to build on  He lived there as a banished man from all men and said he would lead the life of Timon misanqrwpou  the man hater  because his condition was so like to his  He was abused by his friends and had experienced their ingratitude  Therefore he would trust no man and was angry with all men and called his house  Timonium    Plutarch  Antony  c            Strabo","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5714,"EventTxt":"Herod sent to Antony and advised him to put Cleopatra to death  He said  if that were done in a timely manner  Antony could enjoy her estate and obtain from Caesar easier conditions of peace   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5715,"EventTxt":"Caesar dismissed his old soldiers and Antony s army into Italy  He gave them nothing and the rest he sent into various places  He was afraid lest those who were companions of his victory and were dismissed without any reward  should raise any seditions  He sent Agrippa after them into Italy as if it were on some other business  He settled the affairs of Greece  as if there were no danger to be expected from those soldiers who were discharged  He went into Asia and settled things there  He awaited what Antony would do     Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5716,"EventTxt":"All the people and kings denied to send any help to Antony and Cleopatra   although many of them had received generous favours from them both   The gladiators were a people of most abject condition and were brought up at Cyzicum by Antony  to hold triumphal plays when Caesar was defeated   See Appian on   BC   They valiantly fought for them  As soon as they knew what had happened  they decided to go to Egypt to help them  Their journey upset Amyntas in Galatia and the sons of Tarcondimotus in Cilicia  who formerly had been good friends to Antony and Cleopatra  but had revolted from them  Also Q  Didius  the governor of Syria forbid them to go through his land  They were boxed in and could not go into Egypt and could not cause a revolt in Syria  Although Didius gave them many good promises  they sent for Antony to come to them  They thought that they might the more easily wage war in Syria if Antony was with them  Antony did not go nor send any messengers to them  They unwillingly yielded to Didius on the condition that they would never fight as gladiators again  Didius gave them  Daphne  a suburb of Antioch  to live in  until he had known what Caesar wanted to do    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5717,"EventTxt":"To suppress these gladiators  Didius wrote to Caesar  that there were troops sent to him by Herod  Caesar talked about this with Herod where he said that  Josephus  Wars     I e      Ventidius had written to him that you have helped him against the gladiators   Josephus  Wars     I e      Again he wrote that Capidius had written to him how much Herod had helped him in the war against the monarchs of Syria   Josephus  Antiq         c      In the previous place I have written gladiators for monarchs  So it is clear  that in both places for Ventidius and Capidius  the name of Q  Didius is to be written  By this action  news came to Antony at his house  Timonium that Herod the Jew with some legions and cohorts had defected to Caesar    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5718,"EventTxt":"Many things were decreed at Rome in honour of Caesar for his victory at sea  A triumph was given to him for Cleopatra and a triumphal arch at Brundusium and another one in the Roman forum  The base of the Julian temple should be decorated with the prows of captured ships  Every fifth year  plays were held in honour of him  There should always be processions on his birthday and on the day the news was first brought of his victory  The vestal virgins  senate and their wives and children  should go and meet him as he entered the city  All the ornaments of Antony should be pulled down and demolished  His birthday should be considered an unlucky day  An edict was passed that none of that family should have the first name of Marcus    Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5719,"EventTxt":"Caesar retired to Samos to winter there    Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Antony had taken away the three great colossal statues of Myron that stood on one base  Caesar replaced two of them on the same base  namely  Minerva and Hercules  He carried Jupiter into the capitol and made a temple just for it    Strabo","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5720,"EventTxt":"When Caesar viewed the prisoners there  Metellus  an old man was brought out  He had long hair and otherwise deformed by reason of his hard life  When the crier was called his name as he stood among the prisoners  his son  who was one of Caesar s captains  leaped from his seat and went and embraced him with tears whom he barely knew  Then he stopped weeping and he said  vv My father  O Caesar  was an enemy to you  I a companion  He has deserved punishment  I a reward  I desire that either you would grant my father his life for my sake or put me to death together with him","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5721,"EventTxt":"Caesar began to pity them and granted Metellus life although he was his mortal enemy and had spurned many previous offers to defect from Antony    Appian        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5722,"EventTxt":"Antony left his cottage by the sea which he called Timonium and went to the palace  He was entertained by Cleopatra and he turned all the city to revelling and banqueting and liberally gave gifts      Plutarch  Antony  c           He enrolled Caesarion  the son of Caesar and Cleopatra  among the young men  He gave his own son Antyllus by Fulvia the virile gown  without the purple hem  He did this so that the Egyptians might be more cheerful by having a man to reign over them and the rest that should have them for commanders should be more satisfied if anything should happen to Antony and Cleopatra      Plutarch  Antony  c             Dio","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5723,"EventTxt":"Thereupon there was huge feastings and banquetings at Alexandria for many days  However  they turned this meeting into another nothing inferior to the other in delights  luxury  and splendour  which they called Suuapbanoumhwwn or of  vv Those who will die together","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5724,"EventTxt":"This was for the friends of those who would die together  They registered their names and passed the time in pleasures and in feasting when it came round to everyone s turn      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5725,"EventTxt":"Moreover  Cleopatra gathered various sorts of deadly poisons  She tested them on condemned persons and animals and watched how they died  She did this daily and among all that she found that the biting of the asp was the only way to die  It only brought a sleepiness and heaviness on one without any spasms or pain  It caused only a gentle sweating of the face and a languishing stupidity of the senses    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5726,"EventTxt":"Although Antony and Cleopatra prepared as if they would make war both by sea and land  yet also provided for an alternative plan  If on any urgent necessity  they might set sail for Spain and hoped that they could cause a revolt with their money  Otherwise  they would go to the Red Sea    Dio            vv of whose preparation to flee into the ocean   Florus        c","YearBCAD":-31,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3973,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4683,"Dating":"3973b AM, 4683 JP, 31 BC"}
{"Index":5727,"EventTxt":"Caesar entered into his fourth consulship in Asia   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      He  for the sixth time  is called emperor and was now for the fourth time consul with Marcus Licinius Crassus  Caesar came to Brundusium  Orosius        c      after he was recalled to Italy by letters written by Agrippa from Rome   Plutarch  Antony  c          to repress a sedition of the soldiers who demanding rewards for their services  They were discharged after the victory at Actium from the whole number Caesar had sent before to Brundusium    Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5728,"EventTxt":"In crossing the seas  Caesar was twice bothered by storms  first between the cape of Peloponesus and Aetolia and again by the Caraunian Mountains  In both places  some of his smaller ships were lost and the tackling was ripped and the helm broken in his ship   Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5729,"EventTxt":"Caesar came to Brundusium in the middle of winter but went no farther  He was met by the whole senate  the tribunes of the people had appointed two praetors for the government of the city by a decree of the senate   with the equestrians and great many of the people along with many others  Those very soldiers came there also  some through fear  of so large a crowd and of Caesar himself   whom Germanicus said  Tacitus  Annals        c      vv That he daunted the Actian legion with his look","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5730,"EventTxt":"Some came and hoped for pay while others were sent for  Caesar gave some of them money and he gave lands to some that had been with him in all his wars    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5731,"EventTxt":"Suetonius wrote that he did not stay at Brundusium more than   days until he had settled his business with the soldiers  Dio said that he went into Greece again on the  st day after he came into Italy  Because it was winter  the ships were brought over the isthmus of Peloponesus  He so quickly came into Asia that Cleopatra and Antony heard of his departure and return at the same time    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5732,"EventTxt":"Antony sent to Herod  Alexas or Alexander  a Laodicean  who had been made know to him at Rome by Timagenes who had more influence on Antony than any other Greek  Alexas was to prevent Herod from defecting to Caesar but Alexas betrayed Antony and stayed with Herod    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5733,"EventTxt":"Alexandra hoped that Herod would be thoroughly punished by Caesar  who was his enemy  She solicited her father Hyrcanus that he would not allow this affliction of their family but that he would hope for better things  She counselled him also that he should ask protection from Malchus  the king of Arabia  Hyrcanus first found these suggestions repulsive  Finally  he was overcome with her constant pleadings and entertained better things and contemplated the treachery of Herod  He sent letters to the Arabian  by Dositheus  a friend of his  that he should send cavalry  These would escort him to the Dead Sea which was about   miles from Jerusalem  Dositheus was a relative to Joseph who was put to death by Herod  His brothers were also put to death among others at Tyre by Antony  Nevertheless  to curry favour with the king  he showed him the letter  Herod thanked him and asked for a favour  He wanted him to put a new seal on the letter and deliver it to Malchus and get his reply  The Arabian wrote word back that he was ready to help Hyrcanus and his family and all the Jews that were of that faction  He would send a band of soldiers who would conduct him in safety and would obey him in all matters  After Herod had also received this letter  he summoned Hyrcanus  He asked him if he had any alliance with Malchus and Hyrcanus denied it  Herod showed the letters in the council of the sanhedrim and ordered him to be put to death  Thus are these matters are recorded in Herod s commentaries but are stated otherwise by others for they say that Hyrcanus was not put to death for this crime but for some other treasons against the king    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5734,"EventTxt":"Antony and Cleopatra sent ambassadors to Caesar to Asia  Cleopatra asked for the kingdom of Egypt for her children and Antony asked that he might lead a private life in Athens  If that was not granted then he wished to live in Egypt  Because of the lack of friends and the distrust which they felt because of defections  Antony sent Euphroneus  his sons  school teacher as a ambassador   Plutarch  Antony  c          Cleopatra  without Antony s knowledge sent Caesar a gold sceptre  a gold crown and a golden chair as if she were delivering her kingdom over to him  If he really hated Antony  she hoped he might have some pity on her  Caesar accepted the presents  accounting them as good omens but gave Antony no answer  He truly publicly threatened Cleopatra and replied that if she would lay aside her arms and her kingdom  he would then advise what was fitting to be done with her  Privately he promised her impunity and her kingdom if she would put Antony to death     Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5735,"EventTxt":"After Herod had executed Hyrcanus  he sent a message to Caesar  Herod saw that his friendship he had shown to Antony would not help him  He suspected Alexandra might use this opportunity to incite the people to rebel and fill the kingdom with domestic seditions  Therefore he committed the care of the kingdom to his brother Pheroras and he left his mother Cyproes  sister Salome and all his family in the citadel of Masada  He ordered his brother that if anything untoward should happen  he should assume the government of the kingdom  He placed his wife Mariamme  who could not get along with his mother  in Alexandrion with her mother Alexandra  Herod committed their custody to his treasurer  Joseph and Sohemus  an Iturian  They were men that had always been faithful to him and were now appointed to this duty to honour them  However  he ordered that if they should certainly know that any sinister mishap befell him  that they should quickly kill both the ladies and to the utmost of their power  continue the kingdom for his children  and his brother Pheroras   Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5736,"EventTxt":"After giving these commands  Herod sent to Rhodes to meet with Caesar there  When Herod arrived  he only laid aside his crown but retained his other princely attire  He was admitted into Caesar s presence with great constancy and magnanimity of spirit  He freely confessed the alliance he had with Antony and also the help he sent Antony of grain and money  The Arabian war prevented him from helping him in person  Moreover  he added that he was ready to be a faithful friend of Caesar  Caesar exhorted him and restored his crown to him and exceedingly honoured him  Thus beyond all expectations  Herod was again confirmed in his kingdom by the free gift of Caesar and by a decree of the senate which Caesar obtained for him   Josephus  Antiq        c     Wars        c      Strabo also notes   Strabo             vv He excelled his ancestors so much especially in friendship with the Romans that he was declared king  first by Antony and later by Caesar granting the same authority to him","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5737,"EventTxt":"Also we read   Tacitus  Histories        c      vv When Augustus was conqueror  he enlarged Herod s kingdom that was given to him by Antony","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5738,"EventTxt":"Herod gave presents to Caesar and also to his friends beyond his ability  to show his generosity  He endeavoured also to secure the pardon for Alexas or Alexander  the Laodicean  who was sent to him from Antony but he was unable to  Caesar had sworn that he would punish him  for he had been the most strong defender of Antony of all the machinations that Cleopatra used against Octavia   Therefore  Alexas relied on Herod s good reception and dared to come into Caesar s presence  He was soon taken and carried in bonds into his own country and there executed by Caesar s orders  This was during the lifetime of Antony whom he had betrayed   Josephus  Antiq        c     Wars        c        Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5739,"EventTxt":"Antony and Cleopatra sent other ambassadors to Caesar  Cleopatra promised Caesar through them an enormous amount money and Antony reminded him of the friendship and family ties which were between them and excused the familiarity that he had with the Egyptian woman  Antony recalled their previous alliance between them and the deeds which they had done in their youth  Moreover  he turned over to Caesar  Q  Turullius a senator who was one of Caesar s murderers and then his friend  Antony promised also that he would kill himself if by so doing that he might obtain security for Cleopatra  Caesar executed Turullius on the isle of Cos where Turullius had felled trees for ship timber from Aesculapius  grove  Caesar did not reply to Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5740,"EventTxt":"In the absence of Herod  his wife  Mariamme and his mother in law  Alexandra were very unhappy in being confined to that citadel as if in prison so that they could neither enjoy their estate nor make use of other men s goods  They were very upset when Mariamme used her feminine flatteries and had fished out of Sohemus what Herod had ordered him concerning them  She then began to wish that he would never return home and her life with him would be intolerable  She did not hide her discontent but openly said what it was that bothered her  Herod had returned beyond all expectations and told Mariamme the successes he had  She did not seem to take notice and she would sigh at all the caresses that he made  Hence Herod plainly knew the hatred of his wife against him and was wavering between love and hatred toward her   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5741,"EventTxt":"Before Caesar went with his army into Egypt  he went into Syria   Josephus  Antiq        c      Suetonius  c        Plutarch  Antony  c           Orosius","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5742,"EventTxt":"Phraates and Tiridates fought over the kingdom of Parthia and asked help from Caesar  He did not reply directly but he said he would consider it another time because of the problems in Egypt  Indeed he did nothing and hoped the civil war in Parthia would weaken both sides    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5743,"EventTxt":"C  Merius  was a centurion who in the war against Antony had done outstanding exploits  He was surrounded by surprise by an ambush of his enemies and brought to Alexandria before Antony  He asked what was suitable to be done with him  The centurion replied  vv Order to have my throat cut  for neither can I sufficiently be induced by gifts nor for fear of death  to stop being Caesar s soldier or to start being yours","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5744,"EventTxt":"Antony pardoned him for his outstanding character   Valerius Maximus        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5745,"EventTxt":"Antony and Cleopatra thought it best that their children should be sent ahead to the Red Sea with part of the queen s treasure   Orosius        c      They placed garrisons in the two corner coasts of Egypt at Pelusium  and Paraetonium and prepared a fleet and forces to start the war again   Orosius        c        Florus        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5746,"EventTxt":"Antony sent a third embassy to Caesar and his son  Antyllus with much gold  Caesar sent him back again without either granting his embassy or giving any answer  However  he took his gold  Caesar told Cleopatra for the third time the same numerous threats and promises     Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5747,"EventTxt":"To win over Cleopatra to him  Caesar sent to her Thyreus or Thyrsus who was his freed man and was very discreet    Dio               Plutarch  Antony  c          Caesar was afraid lest Antony and Cleopatra despair of a pardon and should persist in their intention  They would either defeat him by their own strength or else go into Spain or Gaul or Cleopatra would burn all the treasures that she had stored in her tomb as she had threatened to do  Therefore he sent Thyrsus  who conferred very courteously with Cleopatra and told her that Caesar was in love with her  He hoped that she who had a mind to have all men in love with her  would kill Antony to save herself and her money     Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5748,"EventTxt":"Caesar marched against Antony through Syria and his lieutenant through Libya      Plutarch  Antony  c           Cornelius Gallus was sent by Caesar ahead of him with four legions of Scarpas  which were at Cyrene to guard that place  They suddenly attacked and captured Paraetonium which is an important city of Egypt near the border of Libya     Dio              Orosius       c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5749,"EventTxt":"When Antony found out about this defeat  he changed his plans of going into Syria to the gladiators  He marched toward Paraetonium and hoped that he would easily draw those forces from Gallus to himself  He knew that they were kindly disposed toward him because they had been soldiers together  If that failed then he would win them by force for he brought with him large naval and land forces  Antony was not even able to talk to these soldiers because Gallus made all the trumpeters to sound so that no one could hear anything  In addition  he received some losses by a sudden sally and his fleet was defeated also  Gallus had at night laid a chain cross the mouth of the harbour which was hidden underwater  He held the port with a guard that was hidden and allowed Antony s ships to boldly sail into the harbour in contempt of him  When the ships were in the harbour  he raised the chains up by certain engines to prevent the ships from leaving  Then he either burnt or sunk the ships which were attacked on every side by sea and land and also from the houses    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5750,"EventTxt":"Herod entertained Caesar very royally at Ptolemais  as he journeyed through Syria into Egypt  He showed all hospitality toward his army and gave them plenty of supplies  By this he became one of Caesar s best friends and was accustomed to ride about with him when he mustered his army  Herod also entertained Caesar and his friends with the service of   men who were clothed in most rich and sumptuous apparel  He did not allow them to lack anything on their march to Pelusium  although those places were barren and lacked water  Caesar s army lacked neither wine nor water which the soldiers appreciated  He also gave Caesar   talents  Indeed  he gave such a good reception they confessed that it was more than the kingdom could afford   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5751,"EventTxt":"Thyrus  or Thyreas  convinced Cleopatra that Caesar was in love with her  She desired it to be true because she had enslaved in the same way both Caesar s father and Antony  Therefore  she hoped not only for a pardon and the kingdom of Egypt but even the Roman Empire     Dio             Antony took Thyreas who was extremely honoured by her and whipped him soundly and then sent him back to Caesar  He wrote that he did this because he was provoked by his insulting pride  Antony who was easily provoked because of this bad fortune  said  vv If you  Caesar  do not like this  you have Hipparchus  my freed man  Hang him up and whip him then we shall be even","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5752,"EventTxt":"To remove all jealousies and suspicions  Cleopatra wonderfully honoured Antony  In the past she had modestly kept her birthday but she celebrated his birthday with the greatest splendour and magnificence that she could  Many were invited to the feast  They came poor and went away rich    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5753,"EventTxt":"It was reported that Caesar took Pelusium by force  but it was really through the treachery of Cleopatra     Dio               There was a common report that this town was given to Caesar by Seleucus with her consent  To clear herself  she turned over Seleucus  wife and children to Antony so he could execute his revenge on them    Plutarch  Antony  c          When he was defeated by Cornelius Gallus at Paraetonium  and immediately after that at Pharos   Orosius        c      he returned to Alexandria","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5754,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra had storehouses and monuments built  They were very exquisite and high  These were joined to the temple of Isis and she stored there the most precious things of all her royal treasures  like gold  silver  emeralds  pearls  ebony  ivory  and cinnamon  and last of all great supply of lamps and flax  Thereupon  Caesar was afraid that he would loose such riches and that in despair she would burn them  He daily gave her good hopes while he marched with his army toward the city    Plutarch  Antony  c          She privately forbid the citizens of Alexandria from attacking Caesar when publicly she encouraged them to do battle with him    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5755,"EventTxt":"Caesar took up his position near the hippodrome with his army and Antony sallied out and fought valiantly and routed Caesar s cavalry  He drove them even to the camp  He was encouraged by this victory and he entered the palace and kissed Cleopatra  in his armour  He recommended to her a man that had fought most valiantly  Cleopatra rewarded the man with solid gold armour and headpiece  That night after he had received these  he defected to Caesar    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5756,"EventTxt":"Antony shot messages into Caesar s camp and promised each soldier   drachmas or denarii  Caesar voluntarily read these letters to the soldiers and by this means made Antony more hated  Caesar tried to make them feel ashamed for the suggested treachery and enthusiasm for himself  Thereupon the soldiers became exceedingly angry that their fidelity was tempted and they behaved so valiantly that Antony fought in a battle with only his foot soldiers and was soundly defeated    Dio             Another historian also mentions this    Strabo             vv As one goes through the hippodrome  he comes to Nicopolis  which is a settlement on the sea no smaller than a city  It is about   miles from Alexandria  Caesar Augustus honoured this place because here he defeated those in a fight  who made a sally out against him with Antony","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5757,"EventTxt":"After this  Antony  through his ambassadors challenged Caesar to a single battle  Caesar replied that Antony had many ways to die  Therefore Antony thought that he could most honourably die by being killed in battle  He determined to attack Caesar by sea and land  At supper  as it is reported  he bid his servants that they should drink and feast themselves heartily for it was uncertain what they should do tomorrow or should serve other masters if he was dead and gone  This made Antony s friends weep  Antony told them he would not lead them out to fight since he sought an honourable death for himself rather than to return with victory and honour    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5758,"EventTxt":"About the middle of that night when the whole city was quiet and depressed for fear and expectation of what was coming  it was reported that suddenly  there was heard sweet music of all kinds of instruments  There was the sound a large number of people  as at the feasts of Bacchus and satyr like frisking and dancing  as if indeed it had been the feast of Bacchus himself   whom Dionysius used to feign his father   The noise was so loud and that this very large gathering seemed to be located almost in the very middle of the city  It moved toward that gate which led to the enemy outside  They finally passed through this gate and so vanished    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5759,"EventTxt":"Dio reported that besides this many other prodigies foreshadowed the bondage of Egypt  He said it rained in those places which never had rain before  It was not just water but blood mixed with the drops  This was not the only sign  There were flashes of armour from the clouds as this rain fell  A dragon of an incredible size was suddenly seen among the Egyptians which hissed horribly  There appeared also comets and the ghosts of the dead  The statues seemed to be sorrowful and Apis made a mournful lowing and shed tears   Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5760,"EventTxt":"On the first of August as soon as it was day  Antony went down to the harbour to order his fleet   Orosius        c      However  Cleopatra had caused the fleet to defect from him    Dio             For as soon as Antony s fleet had rowed near the other fleet  they greeted Caesar s soldiers and defected to them  They combined all the ships into one fleet and came to attack the city  While Antony saw this  his cavalry deserted him as did his foot soldiers  He retired into the city and cried that he was betrayed by Cleopatra  for whom he had taken up arms      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5761,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra feared the anger and despair of Antony  She pretended that it was for fear of Caesar she had done this and that she would kill herself  She fled to her tomb with one eunuch and two maids  She sent a message to Antony that she was dead  He believed her and therefore desired his faithful servant Erotes  who had long ago promised that he would kill him if necessity required it   that he would kill him  Erotes drew out his naked sword as if he would strike him but turned his face from him and killed himself  When he fell at Antony s feet  Antony said  vv Noble Eros  has showed me what must be done by myself  but could not endure to do it for me","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5762,"EventTxt":"He stabbed himself in the belly and fell on a bed  The wound did not bring a speedy death for the blood stopped flowing after he laid down  When he was a little recovered  he desired those who stood around that they would thrust him through  They all fled from the chamber and left him crying and writhing in pain  Thereupon there was a great tumult made  When Cleopatra heard this  she looked out from the top of the tomb  for the door was so made that if it was once shut it could not be opened  Only the upper parts of it were not yet finished  She sent also Diomedes  her secretary  to bring Antony into the tomb to her  As soon as Antony knew that she was alive  he arose because he thought he might live  However  he despaired of life because of his excessive bleeding and was carried by the help of his servants to the door of the tomb as he requested    Plutarch  Antony  c                 Dio              Livy           Florus        c            Velleius Paterculus        c            Strabo              Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Eutropius          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5763,"EventTxt":"While this was happening  Dercetaeus one of his bodyguards  took Antony s sword and hid it and stole away and ran to Caesar  He was the first one who told him of Antony s death and showed him the sword all bloody  When Caesar heard this news  he withdrew himself into the innermost room of the tent  where he much bewailed Antony as his relative and colleague  He had been his companion in many battles and in the government of the empire  Then he took his letters and he called his friends together and read them to them  He showed them how proudly and rudely Antony had answered to all his mild and just demands  Then he sent Proculeius with orders to take Cleopatra alive if possible  Caesar was afraid to lose her treasure and also thought that she would be a magnificent trophy in his triumph if he could take her alive      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5764,"EventTxt":"In the interim  Antony was drawn up into the monument by ropes which were hung for pulling the stones up    Dio              They say there was nothing more lamentable than this sight  Antony was all besmeared with blood and almost dead  He was tied to the ropes and drawn up by the great efforts of Cleopatra and the two servants who were with her  Those who underneath him  helped lift him up  Antony stretched out his hands to Cleopatra and lifted himself up as well as he could  As soon as Cleopatra had taken him in  she laid him on a bed  Then she tare off her head piece and beat her breasts and scratched her breasts and face with her own hands  She was all of a gore with blood and called him  Lord  Husband and Emperor  She almost forgot her own miseries in compassion for him  After Antony had a little appeased her grief  he called for some wine either because he was thirsty or because he thought it would hasten his death  After he had drank it  he advised her to take care of her own affairs and to save her life if she could without dishonour  He said that among all Caesar s friends  she could most trust Proculeius  She should not lament the miserable change of his fortune but rejoice for the great good fortune he had because he had been the most famous and powerful prince of all men  He was a Roman and was not cowardly defeated by a Roman  He died just as Proculeius came from Caesar    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5765,"EventTxt":"Caesar sent C  Proculeius  who was an equestrian and Epaphroditus  his freed man  He told them both what they should say and do  However  Cleopatra feared that they would use her harshly and stayed in the tomb  She thought there was no other way she could procure her safety yet she might redeem her pardon and the kingdom of Egypt from Caesar by his fear of loosing her money  Caesar desired to get her money and to take Cleopatra alive so that he might carry her in triumph  In spite of this  he was unwilling to appear to have tricked her after he gave her a kind of pledge  since he wished to treat her as a captive and to a certain extent subdued against her will    Dio            The Roman Empire","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974b AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5766,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra would not commit herself into Proculeius  hands  However  she talked with him from the building as he stood on the outside at the door which was on level ground  Although the door was barred  he could hear what she said  In this meeting  she asked the kingdom for her children  Proculeius bid her to be of good cheer and refer all things to Caesar  When he had sufficiently surveyed the place  he told everything to Caesar who sent Gallus again to demand an answer from her  When he came to the door  he kept her talking on purpose  In the meantime  Proculeius set up ladders with two servants and got in at the window where the women took in Antony  He immediately went down to the door where Cleopatra sat talking with Gallus  As soon as she saw Proculeius  she tried to kill herself with a dagger she had on her belt  Proculeius came running and held her with both his hands and took the dagger from her  He shook her cloths for fear she had some poison hidden on her  Thus Plutarch relates the story      Plutarch  Antony  c         Dio relates it like this","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5767,"EventTxt":"C  Proculeius and Epaphroditus talked with Cleopatra and offered her very tolerable conditions  Suddenly  before she agreed to them  they laid hands on her and removed anything she might use to kill herself with  They allowed her some days so that she might stay there until she had embalmed Antony s body  Then they brought her into the palace and gave her the usual train of servants and honour so that by this she might hope that she would obtain what she desired and not harm herself    Dio             As soon as Cleopatra was taken  an eunuch of hers  willingly put asps on himself and was bitten and fell into a grave which he had previously prepared for himself     Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5768,"EventTxt":"At his first approach  Caesar conquered Alexandria which was a most rich and large city   Livy           Strabo              Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Orosius        c      As he entered Alexandria  he talked with Areius Alexandrinus  a philosopher  Caesar took him by the right hand so his country men would honour him the more when they saw him so honoured by Caesar   Plutarch  Antony  c          Caesar had been his student in philosophy and was very well acquainted with him and his two sons  Dionysius and Nicanor   Seneca  de Clement   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Plutarch  in Politic    Dio                         Julian Caesar  in Octavian      Areius   The Alexandrian Philosopher  is honoured by Octavian","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5769,"EventTxt":"Then he went into the gymnasium and he ascended a tribunal which was set up on purpose for him  He ordered the citizens to rise  who for fear were fallen on their knees before him  In a speech  he freely pardoned all the people for three reasons   He spoke in Greek so everyone could understand him   He pardoned them for their great god Serapis  sake  for the greatness of the city and for his friend Areius  sake  Likewise  he pardoned all the Egyptians because he was unwilling that so many men should be put to death who in many other things had done good service for the Romans    Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio              Julian  epist     ad Alexand","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5770,"EventTxt":"At the request of Arieus  he pardoned many including among others Philostratus  who was he an ablest sophister of his time  However  he incorrectly said he belonged to the school of the Academic  Therefore Caesar hated his manners and rejected his request  Therefore  Philostratus let his beard grow long and followed Areius in mourning  always repeating this verse      Areius   By his entreaties Octavian pardoned Phiostratus vv The wise  while wise  a good safety has","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5771,"EventTxt":"When Caesar heard of this  he pardoned him so that he might rather free Areius from envy  rather than Philostratus from fear    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5772,"EventTxt":"Young Antony or Antyllas was the older of the two sons Antony had by Fulvia and he was betrothed to Caesar s daughter  Julia  Although he fled into a shrine that Cleopatra had made for his honour  Caesar took him from the image of Julius and killed him after he made many fruitless prayers    Plutarch  Antony  c           Suetonius  in Octavio  c        Dio              Orosius        c      As the soldiers beheaded him  Theodoras his school teacher who betrayed him  took from his neck a most precious jewel and sewed it in his belt  He denied this but it was found on him and he was crucified    Plutarch  Antony  c          Caesar ordered that Julius  the other son of Antony by Fulvia  should receive all things in the estate  Julius  freed men were ordered to give all things to him that dying men are commanded by the laws to leave to their heirs    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5773,"EventTxt":"The children that Antony had by Cleopatra  were very honourably kept with their governors and train of servants that waited on them  Caesar saved and nourished and cherished them no less than if they had been linked in an alliance with him    Suetonius  in Octavian    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5774,"EventTxt":"Of those that favoured Antony  Caesar executed some and pardoned others either of his own good will or by the intercession of friends     Dio                 Among those that were put to death was Canidius  a most bitter enemy always to Caesar and unfaithful to Antony   Orosius        c       who died most cowardly than seemed for one who bragged he was not afraid of death    Velleius Paterculus        c          Q  Orinius also was put to death by Caesar s own command because he was a senator of the people of Rome and was not ashamed most basely to be governor to the queen s spinners and weavers   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5775,"EventTxt":"Antony had many children of kings and princes  Some were kept as hostages and others by false accusations  Caesar sent some of them home and married others to each other  He kept some with him  He returned Jotape to her father  the king of the Medes  who had found asylum with him after his defeat  He did not send back Artaxas  brothers at his request because he had killed the Romans that were left behind in Armenia     Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5776,"EventTxt":"When he viewed the tomb  which was of glass   Strabo              and the body of Alexander the Great  which was taken out of the vault  Caesar put a crown upon it and scattered flowers over it and worshipped it  As he touched the body  it was said he broke off a piece of his nose  He was asked if he wanted to see the bodies of the Ptolemy s and the Alexandrians really wanted him to see them  He refused and said that he would rather see a living king not the dead   Suetonius  in Octavio  c        Dio               For that very reason  he would not go to see Apis because he said he usually worshipped gods not oxen    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5777,"EventTxt":"Many great kings and captains desired to bury Antony  However  Caesar would not take him from Cleopatra  She buried him in a splendid and magnificent manner  Caesar allowed her to take as much as she required for his funeral      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5778,"EventTxt":"Through her much sorrow and grief   for her breasts were covered with inflammations and ulcers because of the blows she had given herself   Cleopatra had a fever which she gladly used as an excuse to stop eating so that she would die without any more trouble  She had a physician whose name was Olympas  to whom she declared the truth of the matter and used him as a councillor and assistant in her death  Olympus recorded this in his history of these events  When Caesar suspected the matter  he threatened both her and her children  She had allowed herself to become quite sick but later she allowed herself to be cured and ate properly     Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5779,"EventTxt":"Shortly after Caesar himself came to visit her and comforted her     Plutarch  Antony  c           She fell down at his feet and tried in vain to seduce him for her beauty was beneath the prince s chastity  Although he perceived that she intended to stir up affections in him  yet he disguised his feelings and fixed his eyes on the ground and said only this  vv Woman be of good cheer  you shall have no harm done to you","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5780,"EventTxt":"She did not just request life  which Caesar promised her  but she really wanted his love and the kingdom    Florus        c            Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5781,"EventTxt":"Last of all she delivered to Caesar a list of all the treasures she had  When Seleucus  one of her treasurers accused her that she had omitted some things and had not told all  she leaped up and took him by the hair and beat him soundly  Caesar smilingly reproved her  to whom she answered  vv It is not a great matter O Caesar  since you have come and visited me in this condition that I am in and to talk with me that I should be accused by my own servants as if I had reserved some jewels  These were not for myself who is a poor wretch but that I might present them to Octavia and your Lyria  I hoped that by their intercession to you that I might find more mercy and favour from you","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5782,"EventTxt":"Caesar was glad for this and hoped that now she had a mind to live  He told her that he would do this for her and also things beyond her expectations  He departed supposing that he had deceived her  In fact he was more deceived by her    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5783,"EventTxt":"There was a young gentleman named Cornelius Dolabella who was a close friend of Caesar s  This man was in love with Cleopatra and at her request he told her secretly through a messenger that Caesar was to journey by land through Syria and that he was determined to send her and her children into Italy within three days  When she knew this  she desired of Caesar that he would permit her to pay her last respects to Antony  When she had done this  she put garlands upon the tomb and kissed it  Then she ordered a bath to be made for her  After she had bathed  she feasted sumptuously    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5784,"EventTxt":"After dinner she gave Epaphroditus  to whose charge she was committed  a letter to carry to Caesar and pretended it was about some other business  The letter really contained her request to be buried with Antony  She thus excused herself and sent him on his way      Plutarch  Antony  c            Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5785,"EventTxt":"After Epaphroditus left  Cleopatra shut the doors and only kept with her two waiting women  Iras or Nairas  and Charmion  who usually dressed her  One of them could excellently do up her hair and the other paired her nails  Cleopatra adorned herself with her best clothes that she possibly could and in her robes  She put an asp on her left arm which she had brought to her  covered with figs  grapes  and flowers  to better deceive her guards  She died from its bite as if she were in a slumber    Florus        c            Velleius Paterculus        c            Plutarch  Antony  c           Galen   in de Theriaca ad Pisonem     Dio              Eutropius          Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5786,"EventTxt":"Other historians note the deceptive nature of Cleopatra and doubt the power of an asp to kill so quickly  They question if she actually died from the bite of an asp  Some say that Cleopatra made in her arm a large and deep wound with her teeth   or some other thing  and put poison into the wound which she had previously prepared from an asp  The poison was brought to her in a bone  After the poison had entered her body  she peacefully ended her life and her guards did not even know it   Galen   in de Theriaca ad Pisonem     Strabo               Plutarch  in Antony  c            Dio               There were only two little pricks found in her arm  Caesar  who saw her dead body  carried her picture with an asp attached to her arm in his triumph   Plutarch  in Antony  c            Dio             Horace speaks of her thus   Horace        Ode     So stout she could With cheerful countenance behold  Her ruined palace  asps receive  And of their poison them bereave  By delay in death more keen  Envies the Liburnians they Should she  so great a queen  In triumph lead a secret prey","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5787,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had opened Cleopatra s letters  he knew immediately what was done  At first he thought to go there himself and sent some there quickly to see what happened  They ran there as quickly as they could and found the guards standing before the door  not knowing what had happened  When they had opened the door  they found Cleopatra dead lying upon a golden bed in all her royal robes  Iras or Nairas was fallen dead at her feet and Charmium  or Charmione  was half dead and heavy headed  She was trimming the diadem that she wore  When one in anger asked her  vv Is this well done  O Charmium","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5788,"EventTxt":"She answered  vv Very well and becoming to one that had sprung from so many kings","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5789,"EventTxt":"She spoke not another word but fell down there by the bedside     Plutarch  Antony  c              Dio             When Caesar had seen Cleopatra s body  he tried all means to see if it were possible to revive her     Dio              He brought in the Psylli to suck out the venom and poison but in vain      Plutarch  Antony  c               Dio               Suetonius  in Octavio  c       Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5790,"EventTxt":"When Cleopatra was surely dead  Caesar admired and pitied her  He was very grieved and thought that he had lost the main attraction for his triumph  He ordered her body to be sumptuously and royally buried and to be laid in the same tomb with Antony      Plutarch  Antony  c                Dio              He did this honour for them in that he had them buried in the same sepulchre and to finish the tomb which they had begun    Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Caesar ordered her women attendants to be honourably buried      Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5791,"EventTxt":"Plutarch wrote that Cleopatra lived   years and reigned   which was the number of years from the death of her father  Ptolemy Auletes  Some historians   Ptolemy  Catalogue of the Kings   Clemens Alexandrinus        Stromat    Porphyrius in Greek Eusebius  Scaliger  p       Eusebius in Chronic   and others assign only   years and two or three months  Plutarch wrote  that she reigned more than   years with Antony  Tertullian in his third book against the Jews stated that she reigned   under Augustus  calculating the start of the government of Antony from the death of Julius Caesar and of Augustus from his first consulship  From the death of Alexander the Great  who first founded the Macedonian Empire  to the death of Antony and Cleopatra  with whom it fell  both in Ptolemy  as well in the Catalogue of the Kings  as in the third book of his Great Work  as in Clemens Alexandrinus  in       Stromat    lasted   years  We deduce the time as   and a quarter years","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5792,"EventTxt":"And at this time Caesar put an end to the civil wars   Floras        c           Velleius Paterculus        c            Dionysius of Halicarnassus also confirmed in the preface of his Roman Histories that he came into Italy as soon as Augustus Caesar had put an end to the civil wars in the middle of the  th Olympiad  This was the beginning of the third year in the month of August after Egypt was reduced under the power of the Romans and an end made to their civil wars  The words of the decree of the senate showed in Macrobius  Macrobius  Saturnal     I e       and Censorinus stated that the Egyptians calculated from that time in which they came under the power and government of the people of Rome  the years of the Augusti   not of the Qewn Sebaswn  as Scaliger thought  but of Caesar Augustus  who had the dominion over them    Censorius  c        de natali die    He said this book was written by him in the Philippic year of the Augusti    for thus the best copies have  it not    from the death of Alexander the Great    years and from Nabonassar   years   The beginnings of these years are taken from the first of the vage or moveable month Thoth of the Egyptians   He agreed with Ptolemy who in the third book of his great Syntaxis  says  that there elapsed from the beginning of the reign of Nabonassar to the death of Alexander    Egyptian years and then to the empire of Augustus    years","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5793,"EventTxt":"Therefore that Egyptian epoch began on the first day of the moveable month Thoth of the year of the Philippic account  beginning from the death of Alexander the Great    years  from Nabonassar   years  This indeed was on the first day of the week as is found in a writing of a certain Jew  recorded at Norimberge with Messahala  namely  of the month August in   JP on the  st day  which according to the false account of leap years  that was then used at Rome  was called the  th day of August  This was that epoch  twn apd Aulousou etnz  of the years of Augustus  which was accommodated by Ptolemy   Ptolemy  Synaxis        c      to the moveable year of the Egyptians  Vettius Valens  an Antiochian  in Anqologwn geneQliakwn  to the form of both those years  and seeing that Augustus ruled Egypt   years  as Philo shows in his embassy to Caesar   We find this also so many calculated his empire to be so long  in Ptolemy  Catalogue of the Kings  and Clemens Alexandrinus        Stromat","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5794,"EventTxt":"Cleopatra had sent her son Caesarion  who she had by Caesar the dictator  with a great sum of money through Ethiopia into India  His tutor  Rhodon persuaded him to return as if Caesar had recalled him to his mother s kingdom  As Caesar was deciding what he should do with him  they say Areius  the philosopher said to him      Areius   By his advice  Octavian killed Caesarion vv It is not good that Caesar s name should common be","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5795,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Caesar put him to death  after the death of his mother      Plutarch  Antony  c             Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5796,"EventTxt":"The statues of Antony were thrown down but Cleopatra s were not touched  Her friend Archibilius had obtained from Caesar for the sum of   talents  that they should not be thrown down as Antony s were    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5797,"EventTxt":"In the palace there was a great amount of money found which was stored there by Cleopatra from the spoils of almost all the temples  She also exacted much from them that were guilty of any crime  Two thirds of their goods were demanded of the rest who could not be accused of any crime  All the soldiers arrears were paid and Caesar also gave   denarii to each of those soldiers who were with him so they would not plunder the city  Caesar also paid all his debts that he owed any man and gave many gifts to the senators and equestrians that had accompanied him in the war    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5798,"EventTxt":"For this part of the year Caesar chose M  Tullius Cicero for his colleague in the consulship who was the son of Cicero the orator whom Antony murdered  Cicero read the people the letters which Caesar had sent to Rome concerning the defeat of Antony in the Alexandrian war   not Actium  as Appian erroneously wrote   He read the copy of them in the rostrum where his father s head and hand had been previously publicly displayed    Plutarch  Cicero  c            Appian  Civil War        c     s         c     s            Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5799,"EventTxt":"This year on the September  th  ides   we learn from the Marble Table at Capua that M  Tullius was chosen as the consulship to replace M  Licinius   in Annal  torn     p      and the same day that  vv When Augustus was consul with the son of M  Cicero  he was presented with an obsidional crown  wreath  by the senate   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5800,"EventTxt":"There were many crowns and processions decreed for Caesar at that time in Rome  He had also another triumph granted him for subduing the Egyptians  The day when Alexandria was taken was declared a lucky day  From that day  the inhabitants should use as the starting point in their calculations of time  Caesar was given the power of tribune all his life  He would have the power to help anyone asking for it within the pomerium or one mile beyond the walls  This was not lawful for any tribune of the people to do    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5801,"EventTxt":"Herod wavered between love and hatred toward his wife Marriamme  He was continually incensed against her by the false accusations of his sister Salome and his mother Cyros who stirred in him hatred and jealousy against her  He may have dealt more harshly with her had not the news come very conveniently that Antony and Cleopatra were both dead and that Caesar had won Egypt  Herod hurried to meet Caesar and left his family as it was  When he left  he commended Sohemus to Mariamme  and said that he owed him much respect for the care he had for her and also gave him the government of a part of Judea    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5802,"EventTxt":"Caesar built a city in the same place where he defeated Antony and called it Nicopolis  He held the same plays which he had done for the former at Actium     Dio                Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5803,"EventTxt":"Caesar had organised Egypt into the form of a province so that it might be more fruitful and suitable to produce grain for the city of Rome  His soldiers scoured all those ditches where the Nile overflows and had been choked with mud for a long time   Suetonius  in Octavio  c      He also made some new ditches    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3974,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3974c AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5804,"EventTxt":"Herod met with Caesar in Egypt and in confidence of his friendship  he spoke freely with him and was highly honoured by him  Caesar gave him the   Galatians who were formerly Cleopatra s bodyguard and added to his kingdom  Gadara  Hippos  and Samaria as well as the cities of Gaza  Anthedon  Joppe  and the Strata s Tower  These additions increased the splendour of his kingdom     Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5805,"EventTxt":"Caesar did not commit the province of Egypt to the senate because of Egypt s large fickle population  It was too important because it was the source of grain for Rome and it had incredible wealth  He forbid any senators from even going to Egypt and he so distrusted the Egyptians that he forbid any Egyptian from becoming a senator  He permitted other cities to govern themselves after their own laws but he ordered the Alexandrians that they should govern the city without senators    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5806,"EventTxt":"Areius  the philosopher  refused the government of Egypt although it was offered to him   Julian  ad Themistium   Therefore  Caesar made Cornelius Gallus  who was of lowly estate  to be governor of the province of Egypt  He was the first Roman governor that Egypt ever had    Strabo              Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Dio              Eutropius           Sextus Rufus  in Breviario    Gallus was from Forum Julium that was the one whom Virgil in the last Eclogue of his Bucolicks speaks of in that pleasant verse    Ammianus Marcellinus        Hierony  in Chronic      To whom also there are Erotica  love verses  extant which were dedicated by Parthenius of Nice  Virgil imitated his prose in his Latin verses    Aulus Gellius        c       Macrog  Saturnal  c       Tiberius  Greek Poems   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c          Areius   Refused the governorship of Egypt","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5807,"EventTxt":"After Caesar had settled all things in Egypt as he thought best  he went into Syria with his land forces    Dio                Orosius        c      Herod escorted him as far as Antioch   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5808,"EventTxt":"Tiridates fled into Syria after he was defeated and Phraates  the conqueror  sent ambassadors to Caesar  Caesar gave them both a friendly answer and did not indeed promise any help to Tiridates but gave him permission to tarry in Syria  He kindly accepted Phraates  son and brought him to Rome and kept him as an hostage     Dio              He was the youngest son of Phraates who through the negligence of those who kept him  was captured and stolen away according to Justin   Justin        c       However  Justin refers this event to a later time","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5809,"EventTxt":"Caesar departed from Syria  Messala  Corvinus  deceived the Cyzicenian gladiators who were allowed to live in Daphne  the suburbs of Antioch  and they were sent to various places under the pretence of being enlisted in the legions  As the occasions arose  they were killed    Dio","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5810,"EventTxt":"Caesar appointed Athenodorus as governor over Tarsus in Cilicia  He was a citizen of that city and was Caesar s teacher and the son of Sandon  a Stoic philosopher  He restored the state that was corrupted by Boethius and his soldiers who domineered there even until the death of Antony  He was slandered with the following graffiti  vv Work for the young men  counsels for the middle aged and flatulence for the old men","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5811,"EventTxt":"He took the inscription as a joke and ordered  Thunder for the old men to be written beside it  Someone who was contemptuous of all decency and afflicted with a loose bowel  profusely splattered the door and wall of Athenodorus  house  The next day he said in an assembly that they could see how low the city had sunk and how sick the state was particularly from its excrements    Strabo","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5812,"EventTxt":"Caesar went into the province of Asia and made his winter quarters and settled all the affairs of his subjects    Dio              Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-30,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4684,"Dating":"3975a AM, 4684 JP, 30 BC"}
{"Index":5813,"EventTxt":"On the first of January  Caesar entered into his fifth consulship in the island of Samos   Suetonius  in Octavio  c      On the same day  all his ordinances were confirmed by oath  At the same time that he received letters about the Parthian affairs  it was decreed  that in their songs he should be counted among their gods  a tribe should be called Julia after him  the companions of his victory should be carried in triumph with him and he should be clad with garments woven with purple and that the day when he entered Rome should be solemnized with public sacrifices and be always held sacred    Dio","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5814,"EventTxt":"Caesar permitted a temple to be built at Ephesus and Nicaea   for those were considered the most famous cities of Asia and Bithynia  and dedicated to the city of Rome and to his father Julius  These cities should be inhabited by natural Romans  He gave permission to foreigners  whom he called Greeks  that to himself  Octavian  they might build temples  That is as the Asians at Pergamos  and the Bithynians at Nicomedia  He permitted the Pergamenians to dedicate those plays  called Sacred  in honour of his temple    Dio             More is written about this by Tacitus on Tiberius in  Tacitus  Annals        c      vv Augustus of most famous memory did not forbid a temple to be built in Pergamos  in honour of himself and the city of Rome","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5815,"EventTxt":"The next summer  Caesar crossed over into Greece    Dio             on his way to his triumph for Actium  While he was at Corinth  a fisherman was sent as an ambassador to him from the island Giaros  He begged for the tribute to be reduced for they were compelled to pay   drachmas when they were barely able to pay   because the island was so poor     Strabo","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5816,"EventTxt":"When Caesar entered Rome  others offered sacrifices  as it was decreed  and the consul Valerius Potitius  who replaced Sextus Apuleius  sacrificed publicly for the senate and people of Rome for his coming  This was never done for anyone before that time     Dio             Caesar held three triumphs as he rode in his chariot  One was for the victory in Dalmatia  Actium and Alexandria  This lasted for three days  one triumph followed another   Livy          Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Vigil wrote this   Vigil  Aeneid      But when thrice Rome with Caesar s triumphs now Had rung  to the Latian gods he made a vow  Three hundred temples all the city round With joy  with plays and with applauses found","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5817,"EventTxt":"Propertius wrote   Propertius        Elegies      Whether of Egypt or Nile  whose Stream into seven channels parted   Or of the golden chains king s necks surround  Or how the Actian beaks sail on the ground","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5818,"EventTxt":"Caesar brought these three triumphs into the city in the month of August  as the words of the decree of the senate show   Macrobius  Saturnal        c      This was not done on January  th   th of ides  when he was in Asia as Orosius wrote   Orosius        c      On the first day  he triumphed for the Pannonians  Dalmatians  Japydes and their neighbours  and of some people of Gaul and Germany  On the second he triumphed for his victory at sea at Actium and on the third for the conquest of Egypt  The last triumph was the most costly and magnificent and he made more preparation for it than all the rest  In it was carried in a bed the effigy of Cleopatra   with an asp biting her arm  showing how she died  Her children by Antony  were led among the captives  They were Alexander and Cleopatra who were named the sun and moon    Dio","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5819,"EventTxt":"Alexander  the brother of Jamblichus  the king of the Arabians was captured in the Actian war and was led in triumph and later put to death     Dio           The Cleopatra who was called the moon and led in triumph  was given in marriage to Juba   who himself was led in triumph by Julius Caesar   Caesar gave this Juba who was brought up in Italy and had followed his wars  both this Cleopatra  and his father s kingdom of Maurusia  He gave to them also the two sons of Antony and Cleopatra  namely Alexander and Ptolemy  but Juba had another son by his wife Cleopatra whom he called Ptolemy and who succeeded him in his kingdom     Dio               Strabo              Plutarch  Caesar    Plutarch  Antony  c","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5820,"EventTxt":"On August  th    th of the calends of September   there an altar was dedicated to Victory in the courthouse  as is found noted in the old marble calendar   Gruter  Inscript  p      It was placed in the Julian courthouse and decorated with the spoils of Egypt  Caesar showed that he got the empire by goddess Victory  He hung in the temple of his father Julius  the dedicated things which came from the Egyptian spoils  He also consecrated many things to Jupiter Capitolinus  Juno and Minerva  By a decree of the senate  all the ornaments which were hung up there previously  were removed as being defiled    Dio             He repaired the temple which was in a state of decay through age or consumed by fire  He adorned both them and others with very rich gifts  He brought into the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus one donation of     pounds of gold besides pearls and precious stones valued at       sesterces      Suetonius  in Octavian  Rome was so much enriched with the wealth of Alexandria so that the price of goods and other valuable things doubled and the interest rate fell from    to       Dio                Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5821,"EventTxt":"In the fifth consulship  Caesar accepted the name of Emperor  not such as was usually given according to the old custom for some victory   for that he had often received both before and after  but by which all the whole government was saved  This was previously decreed to his father Julius and descendants    Dio               This inscription was placed this year in honour of Caesar  vv Senatus Poplusque Romanus Imp  Caesari Divi Julii F  Cos  Quinct  Design  Sex  Imper  Sept  Regublica conservata  vv The senate and people to the emperor Caesar  the son of Julius of blessed memory  consul the fifth time  elected the sixth time Imperator the seventh for having saved the commonwealth   Gruter  Inscript   p","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5822,"EventTxt":"Among the captives was Diocles Phaenix  the son of Artimidorus  the scholar of Tyrannio Amisenus and captured by Lucullus   from whom he also was called Tyrannio   Diocles was bought by Dimantis  a freed man of Caesar s  and was given to Terentia the wife of Cicero   who as appears from Pliny   Pliny       c          and Valerius Maximus  Valerius Maximus        c      lived more than   years   He was freed by her and taught at Rome and wrote   books   Suidas  in Voc  Turaptwn","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3975,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3975b AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5823,"EventTxt":"Caesar summoned Antiochus of Commagene before him because he had treacherously killed an ambassador of his brother s who was sent to Rome  Antiochus had a law suit with his brother  Antiochus was brought before the senate and was condemned and executed   Dio","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3976a AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5824,"EventTxt":"An whole year after Herod returned from Caesar  his suspicions daily increased between him and his wife Mariamme  She avoided her husband s caresses and moreover always upbraided him with the death either of her grandfather  Hyrcanus  or her brother  Aristobulus  so that Herod could barely restrain himself from striking her  When his sister  Salome heard the noise  she was greatly disturbed and sent in the butler who long before that time was prepared by her  who should tell the king that he was solicited by Mariamme  to deliver to him a love potion which whatever it was he had gotten from her  Thereupon  Herod examined the most faithful servant of Mariamme by torture because he knew that she would do nothing without his knowledge  He could not endure the torments and confessed nothing except that she was offended for some things that Sohemus had told her  When the king heard this  he cried out that Sohemus who had always been most faithful both to him and the kingdom  would never have spoken of these things unless there had not been some more secret friendship between them  Thereupon he ordered Sohemus to be apprehended and put to death  He called a council of his friends and accused his wife for planning to poison him  He used such sharp words that those who were present easily knew that the king intended that she should be condemned  Hence  she was condemned by the general consent of them all  When as they thought that she should not be quickly executed but detained in one of the king s citadels  Salome urged on the king exceedingly that she should be immediately killed  She feared that there might be some revolt among the people if she were alive and in prison  Thus was Mariamme executed    Josephus  Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3976a AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5825,"EventTxt":"Her mother  Alexander  saw this and realised she could expect the same treatment from Herod  To clear herself of the same crime  she upbraided her daughter before everyone and called her most wicked and ungrateful towards her husband and that she deserved such a death who dared do such an heinous act  While she pretended these things and though she would pull her daughter by the hair  those present condemned her hypocrisy very much  Her daughter did not reply but repelled the false accusation with a resolute countenance and mind and underwent her death without fear   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3976a AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5826,"EventTxt":"After she was executed  Herod began to be more inflamed with love for her  He often called her name and lamented her beyond all decency  Although he tried to forget her by seeking pleasure in feasting and drinking  yet nothing worked  Therefore he forgot about the government of his kingdom and was so overcome with grief that he would ask his servants to call Mariamme  as though she were alive   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-29,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4685,"Dating":"3976a AM, 4685 JP, 29 BC"}
{"Index":5827,"EventTxt":"As Herod was thus affected  there came a plague which killed a large number of the people and nobility  All men thought that this plague was sent for the unjust death of the queen  This just increased the king s depression and he finally hid himself in a solitary wilderness under pretence of hunting  He afflicting himself and succumbed to a serious inflammation and pain of the neck so that he began to rave  None of the remedies relieved him but rather made the disease more painful so that they began to despair for his life  The physicians let him eat whatever he wanted because the disease was so serious and he was in so great a danger of dying anyway   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5828,"EventTxt":"As Herod was sick in Samaria  Alexandra  at Jerusalem  tried to capture the two citadels of the city  One was joined to the temple and the other was located within the city  Therefore she plied with their governors that they would deliver them to her and to the children of Mariamme lest if Herod die  they would be seized by others  Those who had formerly been faithful  were now more diligent in their office  because they hated Alexandra and thought it a great offence to despair of the health of their prince  These men were the king s old friends and one of them  Archialus  was the king s nephew  Thereupon they presently sent messengers to Herod to tell him of Alexandra s actions and he soon ordered her to be killed  Finally  he overcame his disease and was restored to his strength  both of body and mind  However  he had grown so cruel that for the least cause  he was ready to put anyone to death   Josephus  Antiq         c","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5829,"EventTxt":"The three times Octavian had a census the people are noted by Suetonius   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       That the first were made in the lustran  that is  in the year that they calculated for the beginning of the five years when he and M  Agrippa were consuls  This is shown from the marble Capuan table   torn     Annal  Pighii  p      vv In my sixth consulship  with my colleague M  Agrippa  I numbered the people and I made another census after   years","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5830,"EventTxt":"That is from the censorships of Cn  Lentulus and L  Gellius after whom the musters were laid aside   vv In the census Rome had forty hundred thousand and sixty three thousand citizens","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5831,"EventTxt":"That is       for which Eusebius in his Chronicle has","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5832,"EventTxt":"Caesar held the plays that were decreed for the victory at Actium  with his wife  Agrippa  In these he showed men and boys from the patricians fighting on horseback  This was held every four years and were committed to the four orders of the priests to arrange  These were the chief priests  augurs  septemviri and quindecemviri    Dio","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5833,"EventTxt":"In the  th Olympiad  Thebes in Egypt was razed even to the ground   as is read in the Eusebian Chronicle   by Cornelius Gallus  Georgius Syncellus in his Chronicle from Julius Africanus stated that Gallus defeated the cities of the rebellious Egyptians   Syncellus  p      He recovered with a few men  Heropolis which had revolted  He very suddenly put down a revolt that was raised about taxes    Strabo               He exhausted the city by intercepting many of them    Ammianus Marcellinus        c     s          He erected statues for himself almost all over Egypt and wrote his own acts on the pyramides     Dio","YearBCAD":-28,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3976,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4686,"Dating":"3976b AM, 4686 JP, 28 BC"}
{"Index":5834,"EventTxt":"When Caesar was consul for the seventh time  he read a speech in the senate and said that he would resign his government and turn it over to the senate and people  When he had ended his speech  many spoke and desired that he alone would take the whole administration of the government upon him  Finally  they convinced him to assume the whole government     Dio                 He did this on the January  th   th of ides  as is shown from the Marble tables of Narbo   Gruter  Inscriptions  p","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5835,"EventTxt":"Caesar had the empire confirmed on him by this means from the senate and the people  To appear democratic  he took upon him the empire but he said he would be very careful of the public affairs because they required the care of one that would be diligent  He positively said that he would not govern all the provinces or that he would govern them for ever that which he had now taken on to govern  Therefore he restored to the senate  the weaker provinces because they were the more peaceable  He retained the stronger provinces where there was more danger or had enemies close by or that were likely to have seditions  He did this under this pretence that the senate might safely govern the best parts of the empire and he would assume the harder more dangerous provinces  This was merely a pretence to make them disarmed and unfit for war and thus he won both the arms and the solders to his side  For this reason  Africa  Numidia  Asia and Greece  with Epirus  Dalmatia  Macedonia  Sicily  Crete  Libya  Cyrene  Bithynia  with Pontus adjoining  Sardinia  and Hispania Baetica were assigned to the senate  Caesar governed the rest of Spain  all Gaul  Germany  Coelosyria  Cilicia  Cyprus and Egypt  Caesar assumed this government over the provinces for ten year s time  within which time he promised himself he should easily reduce them to order  He added this also in a bragging way  like a young man  that if he could subdue them in a shorter time then he could sooner hand them over to the senate to manage as well  He then made patricians the governors over all the provinces  However  he appointed a man over Egypt who was not a senator but an equestrian for the reasons stated previously  He gave Africa and Asia  particularly to the senators and he assigned all the rest of the provinces to those who had been praetors  He forbad that they should receive by lot any provinces until the fifth year after they had held an office in the city     Dio","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5836,"EventTxt":"Upon the  th  ides  of January  the provinces were allocated as Ovid notes  Thus speaking about Caesar Germanicus   Ovid  Fasti         On the Ides the half man priest in Jove s great feign Offers the entrails of a sheep with flame  Then all the province came to us  and then Thy grandsire was Augustus named among men","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5837,"EventTxt":"For on the same day  Caesar received the title of Augustus  Censorinus  Censorinus  de die Natali  showed this was done the fourth day later  in these words  vv On the sixteenth day before the calends of February  January  th  the Emperor Caesar  the son of him of blessed memory  by the opinion of L  Munacius Plancus  was greeted Augustus by the senate and the rest of the citizens  He was consul for the  th time and M  Vipsanius Agrippa was the other consul  for the  rd time","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5838,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had settled all things and organised the provinces into a certain form  he was surnamed Augustus   Livy         This name was given him in his seventh consulship    Dio              and by the request of Plancus with the consent of the whole senate and people of Rome    Velleius Paterculus        c          Suetonius wrote   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      vv The opinion of Munacius Plancus prevailed that Caesar should be called Augustus   though some were of opinion that he should be called Romulus  as if he also had been a founder of the city  not only because it was a new but also a more honourable name  The religious places and where anything is consecrated by the flying of birds  are called Augusta  of growing or from the gesture or feeding of birds as also Ennius on writing about this  vv After that noble Rome was built by sacred flight of birds","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5839,"EventTxt":"Floras stated    Florus             vv It was also debated in the senate whether he should be called Romulus because he had founded the empire  However  the name Augustus seemed to be the more holy and venerable so that while he now lived on earth  he might be as it were deified by the name itself and title","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5840,"EventTxt":"Dio said many similar things and notes that he was called Augustus by the Romans and by the Greeks from the splendour of his dignity and sanctity of the honour which was greater than human    Dio             cf  Ac             Th      Ovid added   Ovid  Fasti","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":1,"EventTxt":"All common persons have their common fame  But he with Jove enjoys an equal name  Of old most sacred things  Augusta were  Temples that name and hallowed things do bear  Yea augury depends upon this word  And whatever more Jove does afford  Let it enlarge his rule and live let all  Our coast  be guarded by a fenced wall","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5841,"EventTxt":"By this means the whole power of the people and senate was conferred upon Augustus    Dio             This name was previously held sacred and until now such as that not any governor dared take it upon himself  He assumed so large a title for the usurped empire of the world  From that day its whole commonwealth and government began to be and to remain in the possession of one man  The Greeks call this a monarchy   Orosius        c      The Romans began their epoch of their Augustus from the first of January  Censorinus  Censorinus  de natali die  compares the  th year of this account with the  rd of the Julian account  He in the next chapter puts the consulship of Marcius Censorinus and Asinius Gallus on the twentieth year of Augustus which was the  th of the Julian account  from Julius Caesar s calendar reform","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5842,"EventTxt":"Tralles a City in Asia was destroyed by an earthquake  The gymnasium collapsed and it was later rebuilt by Caesar   Eusebius  Chronic    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-27,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3977,"JulPer":4687,"Dating":"3977 AM, 4687 JP, 27 BC"}
{"Index":5843,"EventTxt":"Costabarus the Idumaean and his wife Salome the sister of Herod had a disagreement  She  contrary to the custom of the Jews  sent him a bill of divorce and went to her brother Herod and told him that she preferred her brother s goodwill ahead of her marriage  She said that Costabarus was plotting seditions with Lysimachus  Antipater and Dositheus  To make her story more credible  she said that he had secretly kept and guarded within his country  Bebas  children for twelve years now from the time of the taking of Jerusalem by Herod  All this was done without the knowledge and good will of the king  As soon as Herod knew  he sent some men to their hiding places and killed them along with as many as were accomplices in crime  He did this so all of Hyrcanus  family would be killed  He removed any threat to the throne so there would be no one to resist him   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5844,"EventTxt":"Herod became more secure and departed more and more from his country s customs  He violated them with new institutions  First of all  he instituted wrestling every fifth year in honour of Caesar  To hold this  he began to build a theatre in Jerusalem and an amphitheatre in the plain  Both were of sumptuous workmanship but direct violations of Jewish customs  There was no Jewish tradition for these shows however he wanted this observed and to be proclaimed to the countries around him as well as to the foreign countries  He offered large prizes and he invited skilled wrestlers and excellent musicians along with those that played on instruments  Nothing bothered the Jews so much as the trophies which were covered with armour and they thought them to be images which were forbidden them by their law  To appease them  Herod ordered the ornaments to be removed and showed them that the trophies were merely wooden poles  After this was done all their anger was turned into laughter   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5845,"EventTxt":"THE FIFTH CALIPPIC PERIOD BEGINS","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5846,"EventTxt":"Cornelius Gallus spoke many things with much vanity against Augustus    Dio             Ovid  Ovid  Tristium         that was written for Augustus himself  stated  To court Lycoris was not Gallus  shame  But he when lisped by drink defiled his name","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5847,"EventTxt":"Augustus noted his infamy and forbid him his house and to live within any of the provinces because he was so ungrateful and malevolent  Gallus was also accused of robbery  pillaging the provinces and of many other crimes first by Valerius Largus who was a most wicked man and his associate and friend  Later many others accused him who previously had flattered Gallus  They left him when they saw Largus become more powerful  It was decreed by the whole senate that Gallus was guilty and should be banished  All his goods should be confiscated for Augustus and because of this  the senate would offer sacrifices  Gallus was not able to handle his grief and feared that the nobility were highly incensed against him to whom the care of this business was committed  He fell upon his own sword and by his suicide  he prevented his condemnation  Gallus was forced to kill himself by the testimony of accusers and by the decree of the senate  Augustus indeed praised their love toward him for being so displeased for his sake  In spite of this  Augustus wept and bewailed his own misfortune that he alone could not be angry with his friends as much as he was with himself      Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Dio              Ammianus Marcellinus         Jerome  in Chronicles","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5325,"EventTxt":"Petronius was appointed the new governor to replace Gallus in Egypt  He withstood the charge of a number of the Alexandrians who threw stones at him with only his bodyguards  He killed some of them and subdued the rest    Strabo","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5848,"EventTxt":"Polemon  the king of Pontus was included among the allies and confederates of the people of Rome  The senators were given the privilege of having the front seats in the theatres throughout his whole kingdom    Dio             It seems that from him Pontus took the name of Polemoniacus   Justin  Novella      Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-26,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3978,"JulPer":4688,"Dating":"3978 AM, 4688 JP, 26 BC"}
{"Index":5849,"EventTxt":"Ten citizens of Jerusalem conspired against Herod  They hid their swords under their garments  One of them was blind and joined them to show that he was ready to suffer anything that would happen to the defenders of their country s rights  One of those whom Herod had appointed for finding out such things  discovered the plot and told Herod  When the conspirators were apprehended  they boldly drew out their swords and proclaimed that this was not for any personal gain but for the public good that they had undertaken this conspiracy  Thereupon they were led away  by the king s officers and executed by all manner of tortures  Shortly after this  the spy who exposed the plot and was hated by all  was killed by some  cut in pieces and thrown to the dogs in the presence of many men  The murderers were not caught until after long and wearisome inquisitions wre made by Herod  it was wrung out by tortures from some silly women who knew of the act  Then the authors of that murder were punished along with their whole families   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5850,"EventTxt":"So that he would be more secure from the seditions of the tumultuous people  in the  th year of his reign   to be reckoned from the death of Antigonus  Herod began to fortify Samaria  It was a day s journey from Jerusalem  He called the place Sebaste   Greek for the Latin name of Augusta  Its circumference was two and an half miles  He build a temple   yards long in the very middle of it which was exquisitely adorned  He arranged for many of the soldiers who had always helped him and also people of the neighbouring counties  to come and live there    Josephus  Antiq         c      <c        >  Africanus calls it in the Chronicle of Georgius Syncellus  the city of the Gabinians   p      for when Samaria was destroyed by John Hyrcanus  and rebuilt by A  Gabinius and repopulated  See note on  b    by the name of Gabiniun or Gabineiun  This can be understood only as the colony that Gabinius brought there  I am pleased that this was also noted by that man of learning and courtesy James Goarus  to whose great industry  the recent famous edition of the Georgian Chronicle is beholding","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5851,"EventTxt":"Herod also built another fort previously called Strata s Tower to control the country  He named it Caesarea  Also in the large plain  he built a citadel and selected men by lot from his cavalry to guard it  In Galilee he built Gaba and Hesebonitis in Perea  These citadels were strategically located in the country so as to quickly put down any rebellion of the people   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5852,"EventTxt":"Augustus began his ninth consulship in Tarracon  a city of the Nearer Spain    Suetonius  in Octavian  c      in the third year of the  th Olympiad  The Indians asked for amity with Augustus   Eusebius  Chronicle  Ambassadors were sent from King Pandion   Georgius Syncellus  Chronicle  p      as we have also found noted from some Roman tables","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5853,"EventTxt":"P  Orosius confirms that there came to Augustus to Tarracon  ambassadors from the Indians who were from the farthest part of the east and from the Scythians from the north with presents from both their nations   Orosius        c      Horace wrote these verses about this occasion  The lofty Scythian and the Indians late  Came for the answer of their future fate","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5854,"EventTxt":"Horace in  Horace        Carminum     an ode to Augustus wrote  The yet untamed Cantaber in thee  Mede  Indian  Scythian do mirrors see  Thou that preservest Italy from dread  And Rome  her glory and exalted head","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5855,"EventTxt":"Floras wrote  ^Floras              vv The Scythians and Samatians sent their ambassadors and desired friendship  The Seres  Chinese  and the Indians who live beneath the sun  brought presentes which included precious stones  pearls and elephants  Nothing so much spoke for their sincerity as the length of the journey which had lasted four years  The complexion of the men seemed as if they had come from another world","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5856,"EventTxt":"Suetonius wrote   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      vv He induced the Scythians and Indians   countries known only by name  to make suit of their own accord through ambassadors for amity with him and the people of Rome","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5857,"EventTxt":"Eutropius also wrote   Eutropius         vv The Scythians and Indians  to whom the Roman name was unknown  sent presents and ambassadors to him","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5858,"EventTxt":"To conclude  Aurelius Victor lists other countries also  Indians  Scythians  Garamantis and Bactrians sent ambassadors to him to desire a league with him","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5859,"EventTxt":"After Amyntus died  Augustus did not turn over the kingdom to his sons but made it a Roman province  From that time on  Galatia and Lycaonia began to have a Roman governor    Dio             M  Lollius the propraetor  governed that province   Eusebius  Chronicles   Eutropius          Sextus Rufus  Breviary   However  the towns of Pamphylia which were formerly given to Amyntus were restored to their own district     Dio","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5860,"EventTxt":"In the  th year of Herod s reign  very grievous calamities befell the country of the Jews  First there was a continual drought followed by a famine  The change in diet caused by the famine  caused a pestilent disease in the land  Herod had not means enough to supply the public needs  He melted everything in the palace that contained gold or silver  He spared nothing no matter how exquisitely it was made  He even melted down his own dinner plates and cups  He made money from this and sent it to Egypt when Petronius was governor there  Although he was plagued by a number who had fled to him from the famine  yet because he was privately Herod s friend and desired the preservation of his subjects  therefore he especially gave them permission to export grain  He helped them in the buying and in the shipping of the grain  So that the greatest means of the preservation of the country was attributed to Petronius   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5861,"EventTxt":"As soon as Herod had the grain  he first of all very carefully divided it to those who could not take care of themselves  Since there were many who through old age or some other disability could not prepare it for themselves  he assigned to them certain cooks so that they might have their food prepared  By his diligence  the people changed their minds toward him and he was praised as a bountiful and providential prince   Josephus  Antiq         c    <c        >","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5862,"EventTxt":"From the  th of August  that is  the third day before the beginning of the Syrian month Elul or of our September  on the  th day of the week  the Egyptian epoch started which Albatenius in the  nd Chapter of his astronomical work calls Al kept  that is  of the Coptitiae or Egyptians   He said the account and order of the motions of the stars are determined from Theon s calculations  To which from the account Dilkarnaim  or of the Seleucidae  which he begins with the Syrians  from the beginning of Elul or September  he says there have passed   years  This is how it reads in the manuscript  not as published     For in this year  the first day of the month Thoth  both in the moveable year of the Egyptians  as in the fixed year of the Grecians and Alexandrians  as Theon speaks  was found to fall upon the same day  of August in the Julian account  th   This happens only after the full period of   of the Alexandrian years and of the Egyptian    years which shows the renewing or constitution of either year  vv This renewing happened to be made after   years from a certain beginning of time  namely  the fifth year of the reign of Augustus","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5863,"EventTxt":"This is according to Theon in the explanation of mt pente eth  that is being ended or five years after the beginning of the empire of Augustus  Both Theon and Ptolemy agreed that this began   years after the death of Alexander or the Philippic account  From this Philippic account even to this constitution are   years as correctly noted in the astronomical epitome of Theodoras Metochita  Panodorus  the Alexandrian monk  did not intend anything else in discussing this period and constitution of   years which happened on August  th from the epoch of which he wrote that account  The motions of the stars and the eclipses are to ordered in the astronomical calculations  However  Georgius Syncellus who was very unskilful in these matters in his chronicle  George Syncellus  Chronicle  p         in telling his opinion  clearly perverted the meaning because he did not understand it","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3979,"JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3979 AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5864,"EventTxt":"Herod provided for his subjects against the harshness of the winter so that everyone would have proper clothing since their cattle were dead and there was a shortage of wool and other things  When he had provided for his own subjects  he took care also of the neighbouring cities of the Syrians  He gave seed for sowing  All the citadels and cities and the common people who had large families came to Herod for help and he was able to help the foreigners too  He gave     cors of grain to foreigners      Athenian medimni or     bushels  and     cors      Athenian medimni or       bushels  to his own subjects     cor =   Athenian medimni     Athenian medimni =   bushels   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3980a AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5865,"EventTxt":"Since Augustus was ill  he could not attend at Rome the marriage of his daughter and Marcellus  the son of his sister Octavia  He solemnized it with the help of M  Agrippa     Dio","YearBCAD":-25,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4689,"Dating":"3980a AM, 4689 JP, 25 BC"}
{"Index":5866,"EventTxt":"On the first of January when Augustus entered his tenth consulship  the senate confirmed by oath that they approved of all his acts  He had promised every man in Rome   sesterces    denarii","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5867,"EventTxt":"When he approached near the city   from which he had been a long time absent because of his illness  he said that before he would give the money  the senate must give their assent  The senate then freed him from legal constraints and that he should have absolute power and be sole emperor to do as he wished    Dio","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5868,"EventTxt":"As soon as the grain was ready to harvest  Herod sent     men  whom he had fed in time of the famine to their own countries and to his neighbours  the Syrians  By his diligence  Herod restored the almost ruined estate of his own subjects and greatly helped his neighbours  who were afflicted with the same calamities    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5869,"EventTxt":"At the same time  Herod sent   select men to Caesar for his bodyguards  Aelius Gallus led these men to the wars with Arabia where they preformed valiantly   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5870,"EventTxt":"Aelius Gallus  incorrectly called Aelius Largus in the later editions of Dio  vv was of the equestrian order   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5871,"EventTxt":"He was the third governor of Egypt under Augustus  of whom Strabo makes mention as his friend and companion    Strabo        c            Strabo wrote that both of them saw the statue of Memnon at Thebes     Strabo               Augustus sent him with part of the Roman garrison that was in Egypt into Arabia    Strabo        c                 c          so that he might try to subdue those countries  This was on the border of the Ethiopians and Troglodytica beside Egypt and near the Arabian Gulf  It is very narrow here and separates the Arabians from the Troglodytae  Augustus advised him to make peace with them if they would otherwise to subdue them by force    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5872,"EventTxt":"For this expedition into Arabia  Aelius built   ships of two and three tiers of oars on a side  and some light galleys at Cleopatris  which was near the old canal of Nile  When there was no chance of any naval battle with the Arabians  he corrected his mistake and built   cargo ships  He sailed with     troops of Roman foot soldiers and their allies  These included   Jews and   Nabateans under Syllaeus    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5873,"EventTxt":"At that time  Obodes was king of the Nabateans and was a slothful and lazy man especially about military matters  This was a common vice of all the Arabian kings  He had committed the government of his affairs to Syllaeus  who was a young  crafty man      Strabo        c           Josephus        c      Syllaeus had promised Aelius that he would be his guide and would help him with provisions and anything he should need  However  he acted treacherously in all matters  He did not lead them safely by land or sea but through byways and circuitous barren routes  He took them to shores that were unfit for harbour and had dangerous submerged rocks or miry bogs because the sea never refreshed those places     Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5874,"EventTxt":"After many miseries  Aelius Gallus came on the fifteenth day to the territory of Album  Leuce Come e g  White Village   This was the largest trading place of all the Nabateans  He had lost many of his ships along with some of his men who died not from war but from the difficult trip  This was caused by the villainy of Syllaeus who said no army could be brought into the territory of Album by land  However  merchants come and go there by land with a large number of camels and men and in a way that is both safe and well supplied with provisions from one part of Arabia Petraea to the other  So many come and go in caravans  they seem to be an army for number    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5875,"EventTxt":"When the army of Aelius came there  it was stricken with the diseases of stomacaccis  scurvy  and scelotyrbe  These are diseases which are found in that country  One is as it were a palsy of the mouth and the other a lameness in the legs  These were caused by the bad water and plants they ate  Therefore  Aelius was forced to stay there a whole summer and winter to refresh his sick men    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5876,"EventTxt":"Zenodorus  who hired the house of Lysanias or the territory of Trachon  Batanea and Auranitis  He was not satisfied with its profits and joined the Trachonites who lived in caves like wild beasts  They were accustomed to rob and plunder the Damascens  The people that lived in those countries  were forced to complain to Varus  their governor of Syria  They asked if he would send letters to Caesar telling of the wrongs done by Zenodorus  Caesar wrote back that he would take special care to utterly root out those thieves  Therefore  Varro with his soldiers attacked those suspected places and purged the land from the thieves and took away the country from Zenodorus    Josephus  Wars        c     <c         > Antiq        c     <c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5877,"EventTxt":"Herod built a palace in Zion which contained two very large and stately houses with which the temple itself could in no wise compare  He called one of them by the name of Caesar and the other by the name of Agrippa   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3980,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3980b AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5878,"EventTxt":"The  th Jubilee","YearBCAD":-24,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4690,"Dating":"3981a AM, 4690 JP, 24 BC"}
{"Index":5879,"EventTxt":"Herod removed from the priesthood Jesus the son of Phabes and made Simon  a priest of Jerusalem  He was the son of Boethus of Alexandra  who married his daughter  Mariamme  She was the most beautiful woman of that time   Josephus  Antiq        c     Wars        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5880,"EventTxt":"After the marriage was over  Herod began to build a new palace and made a town next to it called Herodian after his own name  This place was about   and an half miles from Jerusalem  toward Arabia where he had defeated the Jews when he was thrust out by the armies of Antigonus   Josephus  Antiq        c           c     Wars        c         Pliny mentioned Herodion and a famous town by the same name    Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5881,"EventTxt":"Gallus left the Nabatean village of Album with his army and went through such places so that he was compelled to carry his water upon camels  This happened to him through the hostility of the guides  Therefore after many days he came into the land of Aretus who was allied with Obodus  the king of the Nabateans  This country was hard to cross because of the treachery of Syllaeus  He crossed it in   days travelling on unbeaten paths where his food was used up and he had few dates and used butter instead of oil  Finally  he came to the country of the nomads which was mainly a desert  It was called Ararena and was under the king of Sabos    Strabo l     c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5882,"EventTxt":"Sabos was the king of Arabia Felix  No one came out to oppose Aelius  However  this journey was laborious  It was a hot sunny desert country and the waters that are naturally infected  caused the death of most of his army  That disease was not like any of ours  The head was affected and became parched thus killing many  Those who escaped death  had the disease go through their whole body into their legs and there afflicted the legs only  There was no remedy unless one drank oil mixed with wine and anointed himself with it  Very few could do this because neither was readily available  where they were  nor had they brought much with them  Among these misfortunes  the barbarians also  who at first had lost every battle with some towns also  used the disease as an opportunity to recover their losses  They attacked the Romans and recovered their lost towns and drove the rest of the Romans from the country     Dio        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5883,"EventTxt":"These were the first and only Romans who carried the war so far into Arabia Felix even to the famous city of Athlula  or Athrula     Dio        c           In that expedition  Gallus defeated these towns so named by previous writers  Negrana  Nestus  Nesca  Magusus  Caminacus  Labaetia  Mariba   that was six miles in circumfirence  and Caripeta  which was the farthest he went    Pliny        c          Had not Syllaeus betrayed him  he would have conquered all Arabia Felix    Strabo             We now give the account according to Strabo","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5884,"EventTxt":"Fifty days were spent in travelling over Ararena through impassable ways and he came to the city of the Agrans  or rather Negrai  in a peaceable and fruitful country  Then King Sabos fled and the city was taken at the first assault  From here on the sixth day he came to the river  There the barbarians met him in battle array of whom there fell     and only two of the Romans  They were very cowardly and used their weapons unskilfully  Some used the bow  lance  sword and the sling  For the most part  they used a double edged axe  Then he took the city Asca which was abandoned by the king  From there  he came to Athrula and he easily took it and put a garrison there  He took supplies of grain and dates for his journey and came to Marsiaba  a city of the Rhammanites who were under Ilasarus  He attacked and besieged it for six days  Later from lack of water  he abandoned the place  He understood from the captives that he was only six day s journey from that part where the spices grow  However  he spent six months getting there through the deceit of his guides","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5885,"EventTxt":"At last  when he found out the treachery  he returned another way and came in nine days to Negrana where there was a battle  Then on the eleventh day he came to the place called the Seven Wells  so named from the wells there  He travelled through places that were farmed to the village of Chaalla and later to Malotha that is located by the river side  After that he went through deserts where there was not much water to the village of Egra  or Hygra  which was under Obodas and lies by the sea  On his return journey  he spent only   days in all whereas before he had spent   months    Strabo        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5886,"EventTxt":"While Aelius Gallus waged war with part of the Egyptian army in Arabia  the Ethiopians which dwelt beyond Egypt  were sent by their Queen Candace  a manly woman and blind in one eye  on a sudden invasion  They surprised the garrisons of three cohorts which were at Syena  Elephantine and Philae and carried them away captives  They overthrew Caesar s statues  Against these  Petronius  the governor of Egypt marched with less than     foot soldiers and   cavalry against     men  At first  he forced them to flee into Pselchis  a city of Ethiopia  Then he sent to them to demand the things that they had taken away and also to know the reason why they had started this war  They said that they had been wronged by the governors and he replied that they were not lords of the country but that Caesar was  They asked for three day s time to deliberate and in the meantime did nothing to satisfy him  He marched toward them and forced them to fight and soon routed them  They were poorly ordered and badly armed  They had large shields made of raw ox hides and used weapons like hatchets  spears and some had swords  Some were forced into the city and some fled into the deserts and others to the next island  Petronicus captured Queen Candace s captains after he crossed the river in boats and ships  He sent them to Alexandria  He went to Pselchis and captured it  When he numbered the captives and those who died in battle  he concluded that very few had escaped     Strabo                 Dio        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5887,"EventTxt":"From Pselchis  Petronius went to Premnis which was a naturally well fortified city  To get there  he had to cross those sand dunes which overwhelmed Cambyses  army in a sand storm  He took it at the first assault then he went on to Napata  called Tanape by Dio  where Candace s palace was and her son lived  She was in a nearby citadel and sent ambassadors to treat for peace  She restored the statues and the captives who were taken from Syena  However  Petronius stormed Napata and took it and her son was forced to flee  Petronius could not go because of the sand and the heat or conveniently stay there with the whole army  He fortified Premnis with walls and put a garrison there with enough food for   men for two years  He returned to Alexandria and sold most of the captives  Some died of disease and he sent   captives to Caesar who had recently returned from the Cantabrian war     Strabo                 Dio        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5888,"EventTxt":"Pliny also wrote   Pliny        c          vv In the time of Augustus  the Romans entered the country of the Ethiopians under P  Petronius their general who was an equestrian and governor of Egypt  He overcame their towns which he found in the same order that we list them  Pselcis  Primis  Bocchis  Cambyses  Market  Attenia  Stadissis  At the last place  the inhabitants lost their hearing because of the noise of the cataract in the Nile River  He also sacked Napata  The farthest that he went from Syene was   miles  It was not the Romans who destroyed the land but the constant wars Ethiopia had with Egypt","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5889,"EventTxt":"Phraates the  rd was restored into his kingdom with much help from the Scythians  When Tiridates heard of their coming  he fled to Caesar with a large number of his friends  He desired that he might be restored into that kingdom and promised that Parthia would be subject to Rome if he would give him that kingdom  When Phraates knew this  he soon sent ambassadors to Caesar and asked that he would send back his servant Tiridates and his own son whom he had given as hostage to Caesar   Justin        c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5890,"EventTxt":"When Tiridate s and Phraate s ambassadors were come to Rome  Augustus brought them both into the senate  When the senate appraised him of the matter  he heard the demands of each party  He then told them that he would not surrender Tiridates to the Parthians  nor would he help Tiridates against the Parthians  Lest they should seem to get nothing for their trouble  Augustus ordered a very generous allowance to be given to Phraates as long as he stayed at Rome  He sent back Phraates  son  that in lieu of him he might recover the captives and ensigns that were lost in the defeat of Crassus and Antony   Justin        c        Dio        p","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5891,"EventTxt":"There were mutual grudges between M  Agrippa and M  Marcellus  the nephew and son  in law of Augustus  Each one thought the other to be more respected by Augustus than themselves  Augustus feared that the contentions would get worse if they both stayed in the same place  He immediately sent away Agrippa into Asia to govern those provinces beyond the sea in his place  Agrippa left the city but sent his lieutenants into Syria while he stayed at Mitylene  on the isle of Lesbos    Dio                Velleius Paterculus        c           Josephus  Antiq        c       Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5892,"EventTxt":"Augustus resigned the eleventh consulship and made Lucius Sestius  the great favourite of Brutus  consul in his place  The senate decreed these honours to Augustus  He should be the perpetual tribune of the common people  He could convene the senate as often as he wished although he was not a consul  He could make whatever laws he pleased  He would have always proconsulary power and even within the walls of the city  He would not need to renew this power  He would always have greater power in the provinces than the very governors     Dio","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3981,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3981b AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5893,"EventTxt":"Aelius Gallus returned from the expedition of Arabia and left the village Egra in the kingdom of the Nabateans  In eleven day s time  he marched his army across the harbour of Muris  From here  he marched by land over to Coptus and came to Alexandria with those forces that were able to bear arms  He had lost the rest  not in war   wherein only seven were died  but by famine  labour  diseases  and the difficult way    Strabo             Some of his medicines are mentioned by Galen  Galen  de Antidotis          and among these was a formula which he gave to Caesar that he had used to save many of his soldiers","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3982a AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5894,"EventTxt":"Marcus Marcellus died who was the son of Octavia  the sister of Augustus and the husband of Julia  the daughter of Augustus    Velleius Paterculus        c            Dio","YearBCAD":-23,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4691,"Dating":"3982a AM, 4691 JP, 23 BC"}
{"Index":5895,"EventTxt":"Augustus restored to the Roman people the control of Cyprus and Gallia Narbonensis because they did not need any troops and took control of Dalmatia     Dio","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3982b AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5896,"EventTxt":"The dancing of antic and stage plays  was first brought to Rome by Pylades Cilices and Bathyllus  Pylades was the first that ever had a choir to accompany him   Eusebius Chronicles   Scaligeri Collectan  Grac  p     Animadversion  p","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3982b AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5897,"EventTxt":"After Herod had built Sebaste  he began to build most magnificently  another city in a place by the sea side where Strata s tower stood  He called it Caesarea and made an harbour of admirable work equal in size to the harbour of Piraetus  at Athens   He finished all this in twelve years and spared neither labour nor cost    Josephus Wars     I e       Antiq        c     <c        >  Eutropius described it to Caesar thus   Eutropius         vv The name of Caesar was so beloved by the barbarians that kings that were friends of the people of Rome  built cities in honour of him  One was called Caesarea  King Juba built this city in Mauritania and in Palestine there is another most famous city by the same name","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3982b AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5898,"EventTxt":"Herod sent his sons Alexander and Aristobulus  whom he had by Mariamme the Asmonaean  to Rome to Caesar to be raised there  They stayed at the house of Pollios who was a good friend of Herod  Caesar entertained the young men very courteously and gave Herod the power to select one of his sons for the heir to his kingdom  Caesar also gave him Trachon  Batunaea and Auranitis   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3982,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3982b AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5899,"EventTxt":"After Herod had received Trachon  he took guides and went to the dens of the thieves and restrained their villainies and brought peace to the inhabitants  Zenodorus was angry from envy that he lost his possessions to Herod  He went to Rome to accuse Herod but could do nothing   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3983a AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5900,"EventTxt":"After Herod had greeted his best friend Agrippa at Mitylene  he returned into Judea   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3983a AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5901,"EventTxt":"Some citizens of Gadarea went to Agrippa to accuse Herod  He would not even hear their complains but bound them and sent them to Herod  However  Herod spared them  Although he was inexorable toward his own people yet he willingly overlooked and forgave injuries received from strangers   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3983a AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5902,"EventTxt":"Augustus went into Sicily that he might settle its affairs  He went also to other provinces even as far as Syria    Dio","YearBCAD":-22,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4692,"Dating":"3983a AM, 4692 JP, 22 BC"}
{"Index":5903,"EventTxt":"Augustus sent for Agrippa whom he wished had more patience   Because of some light suspicion of harshness  under pretence that he could not become emperor  he had left all things and gone to Mitylene   Augustus asked him to come to him from Asia to Sicily  He ordered him to divorce his wife  although she was the daughter of Octavia  Augustus  own sister and to marry his daughter Julia  the widow of Marcellus  He sent him presently to solemnize the marriage and to undertake the government of the city of Rome     Dio                  Velleius Paterculus        c             Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3983b AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5904,"EventTxt":"Zenodorus was desperate and had rented out Auranitis  a part of his country  to the Arabians for fifty talents yearly  Although this part was contained in the grant which Caesar gave Herod  yet the Arabians hated Herod and would in no wise allow it to be taken from them  Sometimes they laid claim to it by invasions and force and sometimes contended for the right of possession before the judges  They won over some needy soldiers  who according to the custom of wretched men  hoped for better fortunes by seditions  Although Herod knew well enough  yet he tried to settle the matter by reason than with force  lest he should give an occasion for new seditions    Josephus        c     <c     p   >","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3983b AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5905,"EventTxt":"After Augustus had ordered things in Sicily  he passed over into Greece  when he took from the Athenians  Aegina and Eretria  because as some reported  they had favoured Antony    Dio","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3983b AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5906,"EventTxt":"Petronius went with troops to prevent Candace the queen of the Ethiopians  who with many thousands  had attacked the garrison of Premnis  He entered the citadel and strengthened it with many provisions and compelled the queen to accept conditions of peace    Strabo               Dio","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3983b AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5907,"EventTxt":"Petronius ordered the ambassadors who were sent to him that if they would demand anything they should go to Caesar  They denied any knowledge of Caesar or where he might be  Therefore  he ordered some to escort them to Caesar    Strabo","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3983,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3983b AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5908,"EventTxt":"After Augustus has settled his affairs in Greece  he sailed to Samos and wintered there    Dio l","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3984a AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5909,"EventTxt":"The people of Armenia accused Artabazes or Artaxis  or Artaxias   the son of Artavasdes who was taken by the treachery of Antony  and desired that his brother Tigranes who was then at Rome  might be their king  Augustus sent Tiberius to drive out Artabazes and to make Tigranes  the king in his place    Dio              Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3984a AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5910,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of Candace came to Samos and found Caesar preparing to go to Syria and to send Tiberius into Armenia  They easily obtained from him what they desired and he remitted their tribute also    Strabo","YearBCAD":-21,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4693,"Dating":"3984a AM, 4693 JP, 21 BC"}
{"Index":5911,"EventTxt":"In the spring  Augustus went into Asia when M  Apuleius  and P  Silius were consuls and from there into Bithynia  Although these provinces belonged to the people of Rome  he handled them with as much care as he did the provinces he was directly responsible for  He settled all things where it was convenient  He gave money to some and to others he imposed new sums over and above their regular tribute  He took away the freedom of the Cyzicenians because in a certain sedition  they had put to death some Romans after they had scourged them     Dio","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5912,"EventTxt":"Augustus went into Syria  in the tenth year after he had last been in that province    Josephus  Wars     I e      This was the  th year of the reign of Herod  from the death of Antigonus    Josephus  Wars              Antiq        c      He took away the freedom from Tyre and Sidon because of their factions    Dio        p","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5913,"EventTxt":"Zenodorus had solemnly sworn to the Gadarenes that he would never stop trying to free them from the jurisdiction of Herod and of being annexed to Caesar s province  Thereupon many of them began to complain against Herod and called him cruel and tyrannical  They complained to Caesar of his violence and rapines  and for violating and rasing their temples  Herod was not frightened by this and was ready to answer for himself  However  Caesar used him courteously and was not at all alienated from him for all this tumultuous multitude  The Gadarenes perceived the inclinations of Caesar and his friends and were afraid that they might be turned over to Herod  The next night after the meeting  some of them cut their own throats  Others who feared torture  broke their own necks and some drowned themselves in the river  Thus they seemed to condemn themselves by these actions and Caesar immediately absolved Herod   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5914,"EventTxt":"Zenodorus  bowels burst through and much blood came out of him  He died at Antioch in Syria   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5915,"EventTxt":"Augustus gave the tetrarchy of Zenodorus to Herod   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >    Dio             This was a large tract of land located between Galilee and Trachon  containing Ulatha and Paneas and the neighbouring countries  He made him also one of the governors of Syria and ordered the governors of that province to do nothing without Herod s advice   Josephus  Wars        c      Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5916,"EventTxt":"Herod asked for a tetrarchy from Caesar for his brother  Pheroras  Herod gave him   talents from the revenues of his own kingdom  to the intent that if he should happen to die  Pheroras  estate might be assured and not subject to Herod s children   Josephus  Wars     I e      Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5917,"EventTxt":"Claudius Tiberius Nero was sent by Augustus  his father in law  with an army to visit and settle the provinces which were in the east  he was an excellent well educated youth and had many natural talents  He entered Armenia with the legions and subdued it under the power to the people of Rome  He turned over the kingdom to Artavasdes  Thereupon the king of the Parthians was terrified by the reputation of so great a name and sent his sons as hostages to Caesar  Velleius Paterculus was the great flatterer of Tiberius   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5918,"EventTxt":"All historians also mention that Tigranes  the son of Artavasdes  was at this time made king of the Armenians  Artavasdes was led captive into Egypt by Cleopatra and Antony  His oldest son Artaxius  whom Dio here calls Artabazes  by his father s name  reigned in the kingdom of Armenia  Archelaus and Nero expelled him by force from the kingdom and made his younger brother king instead   He is called by Velleius  after his father s name  Artavasdes  but by all others Tigranes   Thus Josephus  Josephus  Antiq         c      related the story meaning by the name of Archelaus  the king of Cappadocia  and by the name of Nero  Claudius Tiberius although he was not yet adopted by Caesar  The narration in Horace is about Nero   Horace        epist      Know further too what places do partake Roman affairs  Canteber to Agrippa falls  Claudius Armenia did by Nero take  The younger brother Phraates has all  Caesar s both right and rule imperial","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5919,"EventTxt":"With which agrees that of Ovid   Ovid  Tristium      The Armenians sue for peace  the Parthian bow  Horse  arms  and ensigns are resigned now","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5920,"EventTxt":"Yet Dio affirmed that Tiberius or this Claudius Nero did nothing worthy of the preparations he went to  Artabazes  or Arsazius was killed by the Armenians before his arrival    Dio             Although concerning this business  Tiberius boasted that he had done everything by his own power  and especially because there then were decreed sacrifices for it  Tacitus also seems to favour his account   Tacitus  Annals        c      vv Artaxias was killed by the treachery of his closest friends  Tigranes was made the king of the Armenians and brought by Tiberius Nero into the kingdom","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5921,"EventTxt":"Tiberius led his army into the east and restored the kingdom of Armenia to Tigranes and put the crown on his head in the tribunal    Suetonius  Tiberius  Octavian     c","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5922,"EventTxt":"Suetonius added in the same place that Tiberius recovered the ensigns that the Parthians had taken from M  Crassus  The Parthians at Augustus  demand  also restored the military ensigns that they had taken from Marcus Crassus and M  Antony  Moreover  they offered hostages also when Augustus came into Syria  for the settling of the state of affairs in the east   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Phraates  who had done nothing he agreed to  feared lest Augustus should make war on Parthia and sent back to him the Roman ensigns which Orodes had taken at the defeat of Crassus and which his son had taken when Antony was routed  He also handed over all the captives who were in all Parthia from the armies of Crassus and Antony  Only a few were not returned who either had killed themselves for shame and some that stayed privately in Parthia  These things Augustus received  as if he had conquered the Parthians in war   Livy          Florus               Strabo                          Velleius Paterculus        c             Justin        c  ult     Dio              Eutropius          Orosius        c       Casstodorus  in Chronicles","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5923,"EventTxt":"Eutropius wrote that the Persians or Parthians gave hostages to Caesar which they never did before to any and by delivering the king s children for hostages that they secured a firm league with a solemn procession   Orosius        c      Strabo confirmed that Phraates  Strabo             entrusted his sons and his grandsons to Augustus Caesar and desired with all reverence to merit his friendship by delivering hostages to him  Justin also confirmed  Justin        c  ult   that his sons and grand children were hostages to Augustus  However  Tacitus said  Tacitus  Annals        init    his real reasons for doing this  vv He showed all duty and reverence to Augustus and sent some of his children to him for the strengthening of their friendship  He did this not so much for fear of him as for the distrust of the loyalty of his own subjects","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5924,"EventTxt":"Thermusa  an Italian woman  was Phraates  concubine whom he later made his wife  She thought to get the kingdom of the Parthians for her son  Phraataces whom she had born to the king when she was still his concubine  She persuaded the king  now her husband and with whom she could do anything she wished  to send his lawfully begotten children as hostages to Rome    Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >  Phraates called Titius to a conference who was then the governor of Syria  He turned over to him his four lawfully begotten sons for hostages  These were Seraspades  Cerospades  Phraates and Bonones along with two of their wives and four sons  He feared a sedition and lest some treachery should be plotted against him by his enemies  he sent his sons out of the way  He persuaded himself that no one would be able to do anything against him  if he would have none of the family of the Arsaces to be established in his place  The Parthians were extremely fond of that royal family     Strabo             In an old Roman inscription  there is added with Seraspadanes  for so he is there called  another son of Phraates who is not mentioned by Strabo  He was Rhodaspes  a Parthian and the son of Phraates Arsaces  the king of kings   Gruter  Inscriptions  p","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5925,"EventTxt":"In the east  Augustus established his subjects according to the form of the Roman laws  but allowed those who were in league with him to live according to the laws of their ancestors  He did not think it desirable to take anything from his subjects or extend the empire but to be content with what they had  Hence he wrote this to the senate and at this time made no wars  He gave to Jamblichus the son of Jamblichus  his father s principality in Arabia  He also gave to Tarcondimotus  the son of Tarcondimotus  his father s principality in Cilicia except for some sea towns  These he gave to Archelaus along with the kingdom of Armenia the Less because the Mede who held the kingdom previously  had died  He gave Commagena to Mithridates who was only a child because its king had killed the father of Mithridates     Dio","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5926,"EventTxt":"After Herod had escorted Caesar to the sea side  he returned into his kingdom and there built a beautiful temple of white marble in honour of Caesar  This was near Paniun  at the foot of those hills are the springs of the Jordan River  He also remitted to his subjects some part of their tribute under the pretence that they should have some relief after the famine  However  in very deed  he did this to appease their minds because they were so offended with such vast building projects of the king which tended toward the destruction of their religion and good customs   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3984,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3984b AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5927,"EventTxt":"To prevent seditions  Herod  forbade all private meetings in the city and too many feasts  He also had spies who would mingle in companies and note what the people talked about  Indeed  he himself would go in the night in the clothes of a common man and mingle in the company of the people to learn what they thought of him  As many as obstinately disagreed with his actions  he punished without mercy  He bound the rest of the multitude to him with an oath that they should be loyal to him   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3985a AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5928,"EventTxt":"Herod required this oath from many followers of the Pharisees including Pollio and Sameas  Although he could not make these two take the oath  he did not punish them as he did the others out of respect for the reverence he bore to Pollio  He did not impose this oath on the Esseans whom he much esteemed for Manahem s sake who was a prophet  When Herod was a private boy  Manahem greeted him as king of the Jews and had foretold that he would reign as king for more than   years   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3985a AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5929,"EventTxt":"Caius was born to Agrippa by his wife Julia  There was a yearly sacrifice decreed on his birthday with some other things     Dio","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3985a AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5930,"EventTxt":"Augustus returned to Samos and there wintered again  To reward their hospitality  he granted the Samians liberty  A great many embassies came to him there  The Indians then by a firm league  ratified the peace which they previously had desired by their ambassadors   See note on   AM    Among the presents that were sent by the Indians  were tigers  which were never before seen by either the Romans or Greeks  They also gave him a certain young man who had no arms   like used to be displayed on the statues of Mercury or Hermes  who did everything with his feet instead of his hands  He was said to bend a bow and shoot an arrow and sound a trumpet    Dio","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3985a AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5931,"EventTxt":"Nicholas Damascene reported that he saw these Indian ambassadors at Antioch by Daphnis  The letter they brought mentioned more ambassadors but he said only three were alive whom he saw and the rest died because the journey was so long  The letter was written in Greek on parchment  in which was signified that it was sent by Porus  Although he ruled   kings  yet he did much esteem Caesar s friendship that he was ready to meet him wherever Caesar wished and that he would help him in anything that was right  Nicholas said these things were contained in that letter  Moreover they brought presents by eight servants who were naked and had only breeches on and covered with perfumes  Among the presents was the youth  Hermes  who had no arms  huge vipers  a snake   feet long  a river tortoise of     feet and a partridge larger than a vulture    Strabo","YearBCAD":-20,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4694,"Dating":"3985a AM, 4694 JP, 20 BC"}
{"Index":5932,"EventTxt":"Among these was Zarmarus or Zarmanochegas  one of the wise men of the Indians  He killed himself for vain glory s sake or from old age according to the customs of his country or that he might make a display of himself to Augustus and the Athenians   for he had come into Athens   He was made a priest of the Greek gods  although  as they report  in an unlawful time yet it was done as a favour for Augustus  He thought that he must die and lest some adversity should happen to him if he stayed any longer  He laughed as he leaped on the funeral fire with his naked and anointed body  This inscription was written on his sepulchre  vv Here lies Zarmanochegas  an Indian  of Bargosa  who immortalised himself according to the ancestral customs of Indians    Strabo                 Dio","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5933,"EventTxt":"When Augustus returned to Rome  he entered the city on horseback in a kind of triumph  He was honoured with a triumphal arch that carried his trophies    Dio","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5934,"EventTxt":"Augustus considered it very praise worthy that he had recovered those things which were formerly lost in war without any fighting  Therefore he ordered that it should be decreed that there should be sacrifices for this reason  A temple of Mars the revenger  in imitation of Jupiter Feretrius  in the capital should be built where the ensigns should be hung up  This was done    Dio","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5935,"EventTxt":"This temple he had formerly vowed for Mars before the victory at Philippi  He now proclaimed that he had received another like benefit from him and he performed his vow at the twentieth year s end  He imitated Romulus who had killed Aero the king of the Coeninenses and hung up his arms in the temple that he dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius  Augustus built a temple to Mars  the twice revenger  and then placed there the military ensigns that he had recovered from the Parthians  He also instituted the Circensian plays to be solemnized every year in memory of these things  Ovid wrote   Ovid  Fasti     It does not Mars suffice once named to have gained He prosecutes the Parthian Ensigns yet retained  A country guarded with store of horse  bows  plains  For rivers inaccessible remains  Other Crassus yet much spirited by the fall  At once of army  standard  general  The Roman ensigns did the Parthian bear  And  while an enemy  their eagle wear  This blemish still had s  But Caesar s might  Better defended Latium s ancient right  He took the ensigns  cancelled that disgrace  And made the eagle know her proper place  What profits shooting back  thine envious land  Thy swifter steed  O Parthian  thy hand Delivers back thine ensigns  and thy bow  Thou canst no trophies of the Roman show  A temple duly vote Bis ultor thy Honour receiveth most deservedly  More honourable Romans celebrate His plays  no scene supplies Bellona s state","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5936,"EventTxt":"Horace adds   Horace        Ode Ult    Caesar  thine age Affordeth plenteous fruits to the fields  And to Jove s capital our ensigns yields From Parthian pillars snatched","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5937,"EventTxt":"Many of Augustus  coins had the inscription  SIGNIS RECEPTIS  for the ensigns recovered","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5938,"EventTxt":"Herod in the  th year of his reign  as calculated from the death of Antigonus  told the Jews of his intention to build the temple at Jerusalem  When he saw that they were troubled  lest if he demolished the old  he could not finish the new  He assured them that the old temple would remain intact until all materials that were necessary for the new building were prepared  He did not deceive them  He provided a thousand wagons to carry stones and he selected from all the number of craftsman  the most skilful     and also a thousand priests that were clothed with priest s garments at his own expense and were able masons and carpenters  He ordered them to start the work since the materials were ready   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-19,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3985,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4695,"Dating":"3985b AM, 4695 JP, 19 BC"}
{"Index":5939,"EventTxt":"When Augustus  first ten year term had almost expired  he extended it for another   years and gave to M  Agrippa another   years also along with some powers that were almost the same  as his such as the tribunal power  He said that so many years was then sufficient although shortly after  he accepted more years of the imperial power so that his Principality might be made decennial    Dio","YearBCAD":-18,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3986,"JulPer":4696,"Dating":"3986 AM, 4696 JP, 18 BC"}
{"Index":5940,"EventTxt":"The books of the Sybill s were worn out through age  Augustus ordered the priests that with their own hands they should write them out so that none other should read them     Dio","YearBCAD":-18,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3986,"JulPer":4696,"Dating":"3986 AM, 4696 JP, 18 BC"}
{"Index":5941,"EventTxt":"Augustus restored Pilades  the Cilician dancer who had been exiled from Rome because of a sedition  Hence Augustus won the favour of the people by this  When Augustus reproved him because he was always quarrelling with Bathyllus  a fellow artist and also a friend of Maecenas  Pilades cleverly rejoined  vv It is to your advantage  O Caesar  that the people should devote their spare time to us     Dio","YearBCAD":-18,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3986,"JulPer":4696,"Dating":"3986 AM, 4696 JP, 18 BC"}
{"Index":5942,"EventTxt":"All the necessary materials for starting the temple where assembled within two years  time  Herod began to build the temple of Jerusalem    years before the first passover of the ministry of Christ  This is confirmed by the words of the Jews  Joh     vv This temple has been built forty and six years before this","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5943,"EventTxt":"as that aorist tense is correctly translated by our country man  Lydiat","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5944,"EventTxt":"The building of this temple under Zerubbabel was started in the first year of the reign of Cyrus and for some time the building programme was interrupted  It was finished after twenty years in the sixth year of Darius  the son of Hystaspes  The magnificent building of this temple was begun by Herod at this time and was finished in nine and an half years  When comparing the time spent in building this most magnificent structure  we must take into consideration not only the labour of these two but their successors also  When it was completed  vv many ages and all the holy treasures that were sent to God from all the parts of the world there were spent   Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5945,"EventTxt":"Herod did not pay for this alone  Much of his wealth was spent on generous gifts and on building so many palaces  temples  and cities  He was building the city and port of Caesarea which was his most costly building project at the same time he was building the temple  Tacitus calls it  vv a temple of immense riches  Tacitus  Histories        c","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5946,"EventTxt":"The great building project of the temple that was begun by Herod was carried on even to the beginning of the war of the Jews under Gessius Floras  by generous gifts which were consecrated to God   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >  vv When the temple was finished  the people realised that more than     workmen would be unemployed who had made their living by building the temple  They were loath that the holy treasure should be stored their for fear it should become a prise for the Romans  They wanted to provide work for the workman because if one had worked only one hour  he was immediately paid his wages  They persuaded King Agrippa  the younger  that he should build the eastern porch which inclosed the outer most parts of the temple","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5947,"EventTxt":"Agrippa had Lucius by his wife Julia  whom together with his brother Caius  Augustus immediately adopted both him and his brother and appointed them as his heirs to his empire    Dio","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5948,"EventTxt":"In Cyprus  many parts of the cities were destroyed by earthquakes   Eusebius  Chronicle","YearBCAD":-17,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3987,"JulPer":4697,"Dating":"3987 AM, 4697 JP, 17 BC"}
{"Index":5949,"EventTxt":"After Marcus Agrippa had exhibited quinquennial plays  which were held for the fourth time after the battle of Actium   Augustus sent him to Syria     Dio","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5950,"EventTxt":"Herod sailed for Italy to greet Caesar and to see his children at Rome    Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >  He sailed and stopped in Greece  He was present and a judge at the Olympic games in the  st Olympiad   in which Diodorus Tyaneus got the prize   When Herod saw that those games were too grand for the place where they were held because of the poverty of the Elidenses  he gave them annual revenues so that their sacrifices might be made the more splendid and other things that might belong to the gracing such great games  For his generosity  he was declared a perpetual judge of those games   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5951,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had courteously entertained Herod at Rome  he returned his sons who had finished their instructions in the liberal sciences   Josephus  Antiq        c     <   >  Caesar went into Gaul   Dio","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5952,"EventTxt":"Aemilius Macer  a poet of Veronen  died in Asia   Jerome  in Chronicles  of whom Tibullus wrote  What shall poor Amor now do all alone  Since sweet songed Macer to the camp is gone","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5953,"EventTxt":"At Jerusalem  the priests completed the building of the temple  properly so called  because it contained the Holy and the Holy of Holies  This took about   months during which it was reported that it never rained in the day but only in the nights  In the following eight years  the porches  the ranges and the rest of the buildings around the temple were all finished   Josephus        cult  <c        >","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5954,"EventTxt":"There is extant two descriptions of this temple  one was by Josephus   who himself was a priest in it    Josephus  Antiq        c     Wars        c      Another one was by R  Judas   almost   years after the destruction of the temple  in a book of his Mishna  which was entitled twrym  We have a description of the former from Ludovicus Capellus at the end of his short history of the Jews  The later we have from Constantine Lempereur  as a preface in his commentary upon the book of Middoth  In the preface  he shows that the prevailing opinion of the Jews was that the temple of Zerubbabel and this one of Herod  were rightly considered the same building  Likewise he shows  Tacitus  Histories          that it was thought to be the same temple that was captured by Pompey that was then besieged by Titus","YearBCAD":-16,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3988,"JulPer":4698,"Dating":"3988 AM, 4698 JP, 16 BC"}
{"Index":5955,"EventTxt":"When Alexander and Aristobulus returned to Judea  they were highly favoured by all men  Salome  the sister of Herod  and her followers  feared that they would at some time revenge their mother s death  They spread gossip among the people that the sons hated their father because he had killed their mother  However  Herod did not yet suspect anything and used them very honourably as they deserved  Since they were mature young men  he selected wives for them  For Alexander  he selected Bernice  the daughter of Salome and for Aristobulus  Glaphira  the daughter of Archelaus  the king of the Cappadocians   Josephus  Antiq        c        <c        >","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3989,"JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3989 AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5956,"EventTxt":"Augustus restored liberty to the Cycizenians and he also gave money to the Paphians  in Cyprus  who had been afflicted with an earthquake  He permitted by a decree by the senate that their city should be called Augusta    Dio","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3989,"JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3989 AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5957,"EventTxt":"When Herod heard that M  Agrippa was again come into Asia  he went to him  He begged him that he would come into his kingdom as his friend and guest   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3989,"JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3989 AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5958,"EventTxt":"Herod entertained Agrippa in all the cities that he had recently built  and showed him the buildings  He provided the best food for Agrippa and his friends as well as all kinds of other delights and magnificence  He showed him Sebaste  the port of Caesarea  and in the citadels which he had built  such as Alexandrion  Herodion  and Hircania  He brought him to the city of Jerusalem where all the people met him in their best and festival attire and with joyful acclamations  Agrippa made a large number of sacrifices to God and feasted the people  Although he would willingly have stayed longer there  yet for fear of storms since winter was now approaching  he hurried to sail into Ionia  He and his friends were honoured with generous presents   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3990a AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5959,"EventTxt":"When Asander who was the king of Cimmerian Bosphorus  had died  he left his kingdom to his wife Dynamis  the daughter of Pharnaces and grand daughter of Mithridates  Her own son Scribonius  pretended to be a great grandson of Mithridates and to have received the kingdom from Augustus        Dio version seems confused here  Editor  He seized the kingdom  When Agrippa heard of this  he sent Polemon  the king of that Pontus that bordered Cappadocia  to make war on him    Dio","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3990a AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5960,"EventTxt":"As soon as the Bosphorans knew of this deceit  they killed Scribonius and resisted Polemon who came against them  They feared that he would be made their king  Polemon conquered them in battle but yet did not subdue them     Dio","YearBCAD":-15,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4699,"Dating":"3990a AM, 4699 JP, 15 BC"}
{"Index":5961,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was spring  Herod heard that Agrippa was going with an army to Bosphorus  He hurried to go to him and sailed by Rhodes and Chios  When he arrived at Lesbos  he thought that he would find him  Herod was detained by contrary north winds and stayed at Chios  Many came to greet him privately and he gave them many princely gifts  He saw the portico of the city  that was thrown down in the war against Mithridates and was still lying in ruins  It was not repaired to its former beauty and greatness because they were so poor  Herod gave them more than enough money to finish restoring the gate  He exhorted them to restore the city as soon as they could  to its former beauty and greatness   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5962,"EventTxt":"As soon as the wind changed  Herod sailed first to Mitylene and then to Byzantium  There he found out that Agrippa had already gone past the Cyanean rocks  so he followed him with all speed and overtook him at Sinope  a city in Pontus  He arrived there with his ships  much to the surprise of Agrippa  He was very grateful for Herod s arrival and they embraced each other with singular affection because it was an evident sign of Herod s fidelity and friendship that he left his own affairs and came to him at so convenient a time  Therefore Herod still stayed by him in the army and was his companion in his labours and partaker in his counsels  He was also present with him on occasions and was the only man who was consulted in difficult matters for the love Herod had toward him and in pleasant times for honour s sake   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5963,"EventTxt":"Agrippa defeated the Bosphorans and recovered in war the Roman ensigns which they long since had captured under Mithridates  Agrippa forced them to give them back   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5964,"EventTxt":"Julia  the daughter of Augustus and wife of Agrippa  went to Ilium at night  It happened that Julia and her servants who waited on the coach  were in extreme danger in crossing the Scamander River  It was greatly swollen by sudden floods and the people of Ilium did not know she was coming  Agrippa was angry that they had not helped her and fined them     drachmas of silver   Nicholas Damascen  de vita sua  in Excerptis ab Henrico  Vales  edit  p","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5965,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Ilienses  did not dare to oppose Agrippa  They entreated Nicholas Damascen   who by chance was there  that he would get King Herod to speak for them and to help them  Nicholas did this for the ancient renown of the city and told the king the whole story that Agrippa was unjustly angry with the Ilienses since she came without notice  They did not know of her coming because it was night  Herod undertook the cause of the Ilienses and had their fine removed  Nicholas Damascen  de vita sua  in Excerptis ab Henrico  Vales  edit  p      and reconciled Agrippa who was angry with them   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5966,"EventTxt":"The Bosphorans finally laid down their arms and were put under the rule of Polemon who married Dynamis with the approval of Augustus  For this there was a procession in Agrippa s name  However  he did not have a triumph although it was decreed nor did he write to the senate anything at all about his affairs  In later times  others followed his example  They did not certify by letters about their deeds nor did they accept a triumph  although it was offered to them  Instead  they were content only with the triumphal honours    Dio","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5967,"EventTxt":"After the trouble of Pontus was over  Agrippa and Herod came by land to Ephesus  through Paphlagonia  Cappadocia and the greater Phrygia  From there  they sailed to Samos   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5968,"EventTxt":"The Ilienses returned into their country because they had lost all hope of obtaining a pardon  When Herod was about to go into Paphlagonia to Agrippa  he gave a letter to Nicholas Damascene concerning the remission of their fine and carried on to Chios and Rhodes where his sons waited for him  Therefore  Nicholas sailed from Amisus and came to the port of Byzantium  From there  he sailed to Troas and came to Ilium  After he had delivered his letters about the remission of their fine  both he and especially Herod  received great honours from the Ilienses   Nicholas Damascen  de vita sua  in Excerptis ab Henrico  Vales  edit  p","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5969,"EventTxt":"Agrippa gratified Herod in many things on their whole journey through many cities  Through the intercession of Herod  the cities received many of their needs  If any one had need of an intercessor to Agrippa  he could obtain his suit by no one else more easily than through Herod  Herod also paid the money for the Chians who were indebted to Caesar s praetors and got them immunity  He also assisted others in whatever they had need of   Josephus        c     <c      >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5970,"EventTxt":"When they came into Ionia  they found a large number of Jews who lived in that country  When the Jews had an opportunity  they complained of the wrongs they received from those country men who would not permit them to live after their own laws  On the Jewish festival days  they haled them before the tribunals and forbid them to send holy money to Jerusalem  They publicly compelled Jews to give them the holy money for those affairs  contrary to the privileges granted them by the Romans  Herod took all care that Agrippa should hear their complaints  He allowed their case to be pleaded by Nicholas Damascene  who was one of Herod s friends and had now returned from Troas  Nicholas pleaded their case Agrippa who was accompanied by many of the most honourable Romans and some kings and princes  The Greeks did not deny anything but only made an excuse that the Jews who dwelt among them  were troublesome to them  The Jews proved that they were free born citizens and that they lived by their own laws without injury to any  Therefore Agrippa answered that both for his friend Herod s sake he was ready to grant them their request and also because they seemed to demand what was just  He therefore ordered that the privileges that were formerly granted them should not be revoked and that no one should molest them for living after their country s laws  Then Herod rose up and thanked Agrippa in the name of them all  After they mutually embraced each other  they said goodbye to each other and Herod sailed from Lesbos to Caesarea   Josephus        c        <c     l    >","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5971,"EventTxt":"A few days later  Herod arrived at Caesarea due to favourable winds  From there he went to Jerusalem  He called all the people together and gave them a report of his journey and how he had gotten an immunity for the Jews who lived in Asia  To further gratify them  he said he would remit to them the fourth part of their tribute  They were very pleased and wished all happiness to the king and departed with great joy   Josephus        c","YearBCAD":-14,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3990,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4700,"Dating":"3990b AM, 4700 JP, 14 BC"}
{"Index":5972,"EventTxt":"Augustus assumed the Roman high priesthood after the death of Lepidus who previously was a triumviri and the priest  Augustus would never take it from him while he was alive   Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Dio             This was done on March  th   the day before the nones    Ovid  Fasti","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3991,"JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3991 AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5973,"EventTxt":"When he was made high priest  he burned whatever books in either Greek or Latin that had no author s name or not of substance  for a total of   books  He kept only the books of the Sybill s  From those  he selected some and placed them in two golden boxes at the base of the pillar where the image of Apollo stood in the Palatine hill   Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3991,"JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3991 AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5974,"EventTxt":"A colony was sent to Berythus  Eusebius  Chronicles  which was highly honoured by the favour of Augustus  Ulpian  C  Sciendum est d  de Censibus   and received two legions who were sent there by Agrippa    Strabo","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3991,"JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3991 AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5975,"EventTxt":"Herod was incensed by the false accusations and machinations of his sister Salome and his brother Pheroras against his two sons whom he had by Mariamme  Alexander and Aristobulus  To bring down their haughty spirits  he began to promote his other son  Antipater  publicly as his heir to the kingdom  He was his oldest son whom he had when he was a private man and his mother also was of lowly birth   Herod had banished him from the city  in favour of his two other sons and only gave him freedom to come there on feast days   Herod often wrote to Caesar on his behalf and privately gave him very great commendations  Herod was overcome by the intreaties of Antipater and he brought into the court his mother Doris  who was a woman of Jerusalem whom he divorced when he married Mariamme   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq        c     <c            >","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3991,"JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3991 AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5976,"EventTxt":"Agrippa s ten years of government in Asia  to be calculated from the time when he was sent by Caesar to Asia and Syria and he stayed at Lesbos  was over and he was now ready to leave  Herod sailed to greet him and only took with him Antipater of all his sons  Herod gave Agrippa many gifts and asked him to take Antipater to Rome and to be received into Caesar s favour   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3992a AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5977,"EventTxt":"When Agrippa returned from Syria  Augustus sent him to make war in Pannonia  He was granted the tribunal power for five more years  When he arrived  the Pannonians were terrified and stopped their rebellion  Agrippa died on his return journey in Campania  His body was brought in the forum at Rome and Augustus commended him in a funeral speech   Livy           Dio l","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3992a AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5978,"EventTxt":"Antipater was highly honoured at Rome and was commended to all his friends by his father s letters  Although he was absent  he continued to stir up his father by letters against the sons of Mariamme  He pretended to be concerned for his father s safety but indeed by his wicked practices  he was promoting himself in hopes of getting the kingdom   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3992a AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5979,"EventTxt":"Against his will  Augustus made his son in law  Tiberius to be his partner in the government to replace Agrippa because his grandsons C  Caius and Lucius were still children  Therefore he betrothed his daughter Julia  the widow of Agrippa to Tiberius  and first forced him to leave his wife Agrippina   the daughter of Agrippa the daughter of Pomponius Atticus   Tiberius was upset by this because his wife was nursing his son Drusus and was with child again   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Tiberius  c        Dio","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3992a AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5980,"EventTxt":"Herod had now become an enemy to his sons  Alexander and Aristobulus  He sailed to Rome with them to accuse them before Caesar    Josephus  Antiq        c     <c          >  He took Nicholas Damascene with him in the same ship with whom he studied philosophy   Nicholas Damascene in Sua vita in excerptis Henric  Vales  p","YearBCAD":-13,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3992,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4701,"Dating":"3992a AM, 4701 JP, 13 BC"}
{"Index":5981,"EventTxt":"Herod did not find Augustus at Rome and followed him as far as Aquilei  Herod accused them of treachery against him and the young men satisfied all who were present of their innocence  They were finally reconciled to their father after many prayers and tears  They thanked Caesar and departed together  Antipater also went pretending that he was glad that they were reconciled   Josephus        c        <c     l    >","YearBCAD":-11,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3993,"JulPer":4703,"Dating":"3993 AM, 4703 JP, 11 BC"}
{"Index":5982,"EventTxt":"A few days later  Herod gave Caesar   talents who was holding shows and giving gifts to the people  In return  Caesar gave him half the revenues of the metal mines of Cyprus and the other half he committed to his oversight  Caesar honoured him with other gifts of hospitality and he gave him permission to choose which of his sons he wanted for his successor or if he would rather divide his kingdom among them  Herod was ready to divide his kingdom now  Caesar would not allow Herod to do that while Herod was alive  He would not deprive him of his kingdom or his authority over his sons   Josephus        c        <c        >","YearBCAD":-11,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3993,"JulPer":4703,"Dating":"3993 AM, 4703 JP, 11 BC"}
{"Index":5983,"EventTxt":"In Herod s absence  a rumour was spread that he was dead  The men of Tracon revolted from him and started their old thievery  The captains whom Herod had left in the kingdom  were able to subdue them again  Forty of the leaders of these thieves were terrified by what happened to those who were captured and fled their country for Arabia Nabatea  They were welcomed by Sylleus  who was an enemy to Herod  because Herod refused to give him his sister Salome for a wife   and he gave them a certain well fortified place   Josephus        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-11,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3993,"JulPer":4703,"Dating":"3993 AM, 4703 JP, 11 BC"}
{"Index":5984,"EventTxt":"Herod and his sons sailed home and they came to Eleusa  its named was changed to Sebaste   a city of Cilicia  They met Archelaus  King of Cappadocia who very courteously entertained Herod and rejoiced very much because his sons were reconciled to him  He was glad that Alexander had honestly answered the charges that were made against him  They gave royal gifts to each other and parted company   Josephus        c        <c        >","YearBCAD":-11,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3993,"JulPer":4703,"Dating":"3993 AM, 4703 JP, 11 BC"}
{"Index":5985,"EventTxt":"When Herod returned into Judea  he called the people together and told them what he had done on his journey  He told them that his sons should reign after him  first Antipater and then Alexander and Aristobulus  The last two he had by Mariamme   Josephus        c        <c        >","YearBCAD":-11,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3993,"JulPer":4703,"Dating":"3993 AM, 4703 JP, 11 BC"}
{"Index":5986,"EventTxt":"At this about time that lame man was born who was more than forty years old when he was healed by Peter at the gate called Beautiful at the temple   Ac       Agrippa was born who was the first king of the Jews by that name and died when he was   years old when struck by an angel   Ac       Josephus        c  ult  <c          >","YearBCAD":-10,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3994,"JulPer":4704,"Dating":"3994 AM, 4704 JP, 10 BC"}
{"Index":5987,"EventTxt":"Augustus married his daughter Julia to Tiberius to whom he previously had betrothed her to him    Dio","YearBCAD":-10,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3994,"JulPer":4704,"Dating":"3994 AM, 4704 JP, 10 BC"}
{"Index":5988,"EventTxt":"Caesarea Sebaste was finished in the  th year of Herod s reign   beginning from the death of Antigonus   in the  rd year of the  nd Olympiad  It was dedicated with great solemnity and most sumptuous preparations  Musicians were brought to see who was the best  Naked wrestlers and a great number of sword players and wild beasts and whatever was done either at Rome or in other countries were also brought there to perform  These sports were consecrated to Caesar and were to be held every fifth year  All this preparation  the king provided to be brought there at his own expense to show the greatness of his magnificence  Julia  the wife of Caesar  Josephus always calls her Livia  gave many things toward the sports  The total cost of the event was over   talents  A huge crowd came to see these sports  He entertained all ambassadors who were sent to him from various countries to thank Herod for the favours they had received from him  He lodged  feasted and entertained them  He spent all the days in seeing the sports and the nights in banquets   Josephus        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-10,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3994,"JulPer":4704,"Dating":"3994 AM, 4704 JP, 10 BC"}
{"Index":5989,"EventTxt":"After the dedication and feasts  Herod began to build another city in a place called Capharsala   or Capharsuluma   APC IMa       which he named Antipatris  after his father s name  He built a citadel which he called Cyprus after his mother s name  In honour of his dead brother  he built in the city of Jerusalem  a good tower not inferior to the Pharos and called it Phasaelus  Later he built a town by the same name  in the valley of Jericho from which the surrounding country is called Phasaelus   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-10,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3995,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4704,"Dating":"3995a AM, 4704 JP, 10 BC"}
{"Index":5990,"EventTxt":"The Jews of Asia and Cyrene complained through their ambassadors to Augustus  that the Greeks would not allow them to practice their religion and ignored the immunities which were granted to them by the Romans  The ambassadors wanted to obtain letters confirming these privileges   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-9,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3995,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4705,"Dating":"3995b AM, 4705 JP, 9 BC"}
{"Index":5991,"EventTxt":"Herod had wasted his wealth by his great expenses and now needed money  He followed the example of John Hireanus and went by night without the knowledge of the people and opened David s sepulchre  He found no money  but large amounts of costly attire and ornaments of gold  which he removed  To atone for this  he built a most sumptuous monument at the entrance of the sepulchre of white marble  Nicholas Damascene mentions this monument but not the king s entering the sepulchre  He wrote the acts of this King Herod in his lifetime   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-9,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3995,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4705,"Dating":"3995b AM, 4705 JP, 9 BC"}
{"Index":5992,"EventTxt":"Antipater continued to implicate his brothers  Alexander and Aristobulus  by false accusations made through others  He often seemed to take upon him their defence so that making a pretence of good will toward them  he might more easily oppress them  By these subtleties he so wrought with his father  that Herod thought he was his only preserver  Therefore  the king commended his steward Ptolemy to Antipater and discussed all his plans with his mother Doris  Everything was done according to their wishes and they made the king displeased with those whom it was to their advantage that he should be angry with   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-9,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3995,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4705,"Dating":"3995b AM, 4705 JP, 9 BC"}
{"Index":5993,"EventTxt":"Pheroras fell so madly in love with his own servant that he refused the marriage with Cypros  Herod s daughter who was offered to him by Herod  He was persuaded by Ptolemy  the king s steward  to promise to divorce his servant and to marry Cypros within thirty days which he failed to do  He also accused Herod to his son Alexander  that he had heard from Salome  his sister   which she denied  that Herod was greatly in love with Alexander s wife  Glaphyra  This made the king highly displeased with both of them   Josephus        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-9,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3995,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4705,"Dating":"3995b AM, 4705 JP, 9 BC"}
{"Index":5994,"EventTxt":"The man who was diseased started to lie at the pool of Bethesda  He was healed by Christ  years later   Joh","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":5995,"EventTxt":"Alexander by the wiles of his adversaries was driven to desperation  He was reconciled to his father by Archelaus  the king of the Cappadocians who came to Jerusalem   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":5996,"EventTxt":"Archelaus was considered one of Herod s best friends  He received generous gifts from Herod and departed into Cappadocia  Herod accompanied him as far as Antioch  Herod and Titus  the president of Syria  reconciled their differences and Herod returned to Judea   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":5997,"EventTxt":"Herod went the third time to Rome to Caesar   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":5998,"EventTxt":"While Herod was away from his kingdom  those thieves of Trachona  who had fled to Syllaeus  the Arabian  infested all of Judea and Coelosyria with their robberies  Syllaeus granted them impunity and security for their thievery   Josephus        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":5999,"EventTxt":"When Augustus was the high priest  he restored to the previous reckoning  the year as it was ordained by Julius Caesar  Later  through negligence  it was incorrectly calculated   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      In   years  there were intercalated   days where there ought to have been but   days intercalated  Therefore  Augustus commanded that twelve years should pass without any leap year at all so that those excess three days that had been added by the over zealous priests in thirty six years should be eliminated in the following twelve years which would not be leap years    Pliny        c           Salinus  c       Macrob  Saturnal        c","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6000,"EventTxt":"In the ordering of the year  Augustus called the month Sextilis after his own name August  rather than calling the month September after his name even though he was born in that month  He did this because in the month of Sextilis  he had first been consul  and also had had many great victories   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Dio             Macrobius records the very words of the decree of the senate   Macrobius  Saturnal        c      He also mentioned the decree of the people concerning the same matter  Pacuritus the tribune of the people proposed the law  This was when C  Marcius Censorinus and G  Asinius Gallus were consuls   Censorinus  de die  natali    Dio","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6001,"EventTxt":"In their consulship there was a second census of the citizens made at Rome  In the census  there were       Roman citizens  as is gathered from the fragments of Ancyran marble   Grater  Inscriptions  p       In Suidas in Aunousq the number is far less of those that were numbered         Suidas very ridiculously states that this number was for the city and not the whole world","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6002,"EventTxt":"When Herod returned from Rome  he celebrated the dedication of the temple built again by him within nine and an half years on the very anniversary of his kingdom when he first received it from the senate  His custom was to solemnize the day with great joy  The king sacrificed   oxen to God and numerous others offered sacrifices according to their abilities   Josephus        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3996,"JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3996 AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6003,"EventTxt":"Herod had found that in his absence  his people had been greatly harmed by those thieves of Trachona  He could not subdue them because they were under the protection of the Arabians and neither could he tolerate their attacks  Therefore  he entered Trachona and he killed all their relatives  By this they were the more incensed  especially because they had a law by which they are commanded not to allow the slaughter of their families to go unrevenged   Therefore they ignored all dangers and molested all Herod s country with continual excursions and driving and carrying away their goods   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3997,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3997a AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6004,"EventTxt":"When Augustus would resign his principality since another ten years was almost expired  he assumed it again as though against his will  He made war on the Germans  He sent Tiberius against them but he himself stayed home    Dio             He gave money to the soldiers also because they had Caius along with them for the first time taking part in their military exercises    Dio","YearBCAD":-8,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3997,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4706,"Dating":"3997a AM, 4706 JP, 8 BC"}
{"Index":6005,"EventTxt":"Dionysius Halicarnassus began to write the books of Roman history in the  rd Olympiad when Claudius Tiberius Nero and Cn  Calphurnius Piso were consuls  This he stated in the preface to those books  He was considered an historian by Clement  Clement Alexandria        c      and a rhetorician by Quintilian   Quintilian        c","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3997,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3997b AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6006,"EventTxt":"Herod sent to the presidents of Syria who were appointed by Caesar  Saturninus and Volumnius  the agent  and demanded that he might punish those thieves of Trachona who were wasting his country by there invasions from Arabia and Nabatea  They were told that the robbers had increased to about   and began to make sudden invasions and to waste both field and villages and cut the throats of all that fell into their hands  Therefore Herod demanded those thieves be turned over to him  and required the sixty talents that he had lent Obodas under Syllaeus  security  Syllaeus had kicked Obodas out of the government and now ruled all himself  He denied that those thieves were in Arabia and he deferred to pay the money concerning which it was debated before Saturninus and Volumnius  Finally  it was determined by them that within thirty days time both the money should be repayed and the runaways from both countries should be turned over to each other   Josephus        c     <c        >  Syllaeus also swore by the fortune of Caesar  in the presence of those presidents of Syria that he would pay the money within thirty days and turn over those fugitives to Herod   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3997,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3997b AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6007,"EventTxt":"After the time appointed was come  Syllaeus was unwilling to live up to his agreement and went to Rome  Herod  with the permission of Saturninus and Volumnius who had given him permission to prosecute those obstinate people  entered Arabia with an army  In three days  he travelled as far as they use to do in seven  When he came to the citadel where the thieves lived  he took it at the first assault  He demolished this fortress called Raeeptu and did no harm to the inhabitants of the country  When a captain of the Arabians came to their aid  they joined battle  A few of the Herodians and about   Arabians were killed along with their captain  The rest of the Arabians fled  When Herod was revenged of the thieves  he brought   Idumaeans into Trachona to restrain the thieves who lived there  He sent letters to the Roman captains who were then in Phoenicia  in which he told them that he had only used the power they had granted them against those obstinate Arabians and nothing else  When they inquired about this  they found that what Herod had said  was true    Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3997,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3997b AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6008,"EventTxt":"At Rome  Syllaeus received letters about what happened but they grossly exaggerated everything  These lies so incensed Caesar against Herod that he wrote to him threatening letters because he had marched with an army from his own kingdom  At first  Caesar would not so much as admit his ambassadors who were sent to plead his cause  They again petitioned to be heard and he dismissed them without anything being done   Josephus  Antiq  c     c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3998a AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6009,"EventTxt":"The Trachonites together with the Arabians seized on this occasion and attacked the garrison of the Idumaeans that Herod had sent to them  Herod was terrified by the anger of Caesar and was forced to bear it   Josephus  Antiq  c     c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3998a AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6010,"EventTxt":"After Obodas  the king of the Arabians  of Nabatea  had died  Aeneas succeeded him in the kingdom  who changed his name and was called Aretas  While Syllaeus was at Rome  he tried by false accusations to have him thrust from the kingdom and to get the kingdom for himself  He gave much money to the courtiers and promised many great things to Caesar  He knew Caesar was offended with Aretas because he dared assume the kingdom without his consent   Josephus  Antiq  c     c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-7,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4707,"Dating":"3998a AM, 4707 JP, 7 BC"}
{"Index":6011,"EventTxt":"Caius and Lucius  the sons of Augustus by adoption  were raised in the imperial house  They were quite insolent even when they were very young  Lucius  the younger of the two  entered the theatre unattended where he was received with a general applause  This increased his boldness and he even dared ask that the consulship might be given to his brother Caius before he was of military age  When Augustus heard this  he wished that there might never be a time of necessity as in his own case when the consulship was given to one that was not   years old  When his son did earnestly desire this of him  he then said  that this office was to be undertaken by one who could both avoid making mistakes and that could resist the desires of the people  Finally  he gave the priesthood to Caius and gave him permission that he might go into the senate and to sit with the senators both at the plays and the feasts     Dio              He also granted that although they were not yet seventeen they should be called princes of youth  Augustus declined the consulship for them which they strongly wanted   Tacitus  Annals     I e","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6012,"EventTxt":"To make his sons behave more modestly like private citizens  Augustus granted to Tiberius the power of Tribune for five years  He assigned him to Armenia which had revolted after the death of Tigranes  who was made king by Tiberius   This did not work as Augustus planned and the sons and Tiberius were offended  The sons felt ignored and Tiberius feared their anger and he went to Rhodes not to Armenia   Xyphiline  ex Dio   Zonaras  ex Dio     Dio             He used the pretence that he wanted to study the arts but his real reason was so the sons would be relieved of the sight of him and his actions   Xyphiline  ex Dio   Zonaras  ex Dio   Dio              in Excerptis  ab Henric  Vales  edit  p      He feared lest his glory might dim the beginnings of the careers of two rising young men    Velleius Paterculus        c          Some thought that when Augustus  sons were now young men  Tiberius left the place and the position of second highest in the empire which he held so long  He followed the example of Marcus Agrippa  who went to Mitylene  Marcus Marcellus was admitted to public offices  If Tiberius was present he might conflict with them and detract from their glory  Tiberius gave that reason a long time later   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6013,"EventTxt":"Some think that he went away because of his wife Julia whom he dared not accuse  nor divorce and he could not endure her any longer   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c        Dio              in Excerptis  ab Henric  Vales  edit  p      Others say that he was offended that he was not adopted by Caesar  Still others claim that he was sent there by Augustus  because he acted treacherously against his sons    Dio","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6014,"EventTxt":"Concealing his true reasons  Tiberius asked permission of Augustus who was his father in  law  to go away from Rome and from his wife     Velleius Paterculus        c              Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Neither did he yield to his mother who humbly besought him or his father in law complaining that he also was forsaken by the senate  They resolutely detained him and he ate nothing in four days  Finally they granted him permission to go  He went down presently to Ostia and did not say a word to those who went with him  He kissed very few of them when he sailed   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      At his departure  he opened his will and read it before his mother and Augustus   in Excerptis  ab Henric  Vales  edit  p       Dio","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6015,"EventTxt":"From Ostia he sailed along the coast of Campania  where he heard of the weakness of Augustus  He stayed there a little time  However  the rumour increased as if he tarried for an occasion of greater hopes  He sailed to Rhodes almost in foul weather    Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      He took his journey like a private man  except that he compelled the Pharians to sell him a statue of Vesta which he dedicated in the temple of Concord   Dio               in Excerptis  ab Henric  Vales  edit  p","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6016,"EventTxt":"When he came to Rhodes  he was contented with a small house there and a slightly larger one in the country  He lived a most retired life  He sometimes walked into their gymnasiums without either sergeant or guard  He gave and received courtesies from the Greeks on equal terms   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c     Nevertheless  all the proconsuls and lieutenants who were going into foreign provinces  came there to visit him  They always submitted their fasces to him  Although as a private citizen  he confessed that his retirement was more honourable than when he was in the government   Velleius Paterculus        c          In his retirement  he diligently listened to Theodoras the Gadarean  a rhetorician  who desired to be called the Rhodian   Quintil        c","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6017,"EventTxt":"There was a great conjunction of the planets which only occurs once every   years","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6018,"EventTxt":"Aeneas  who is called Aretas  the new king of the Arabians of Nabatea sent letters and gifts to Caesar which included a crown worth many talents  In his letters  he accused Syllaeus of many crimes and of being a most wicked servant who had poisoned Obodas  While Obodas was alive  Syllaeus had done as he pleased  Caesar would not even hear his ambassadors and also despised his presents and dismissed them without anything done    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6019,"EventTxt":"Herod was compelled by the wrongs and insolence of the Arabians  to send Nicholas Damascene to Rome to see if he could get any justice from Caesar through his friend s mediation   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6020,"EventTxt":"The discord of Herod with his sons that he had by Mariamme was greatly increased by the wiles of Eurichus  a Lacedemonian  He was the same person  unless I am deceived  who fled   years earlier with Antony from the battle of Actium  He was now being entertained by Herod and stayed at Antipater s house  He had ingratiated himself to Alexander  Herod gave him   talents for information against Alexander  Eurichus went to Archelaus  the king of Cappadocia and bragged how he had reconciled Alexander to his father s favour again  He received money from Archelaus also and returned to Lacedemon  There he continued his wicked ways and he was banished from Lacedemon   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6021,"EventTxt":"Herod made diligent inquiry about his sons  He put to death  by extreme torture  many of his own and of his son s friends  However  he found nothing wrong except that some were too free in their complaints about these unfortunate young men  They complained of their father s immoderate cruelty and of the dishonest ease of listening to any gossip of wicked men  They noted the impiety and wicked deceits of their brother Antipater and of the faction that was combined against them  They thought to escape further harm by fleeing to Archelaus  His two sons did not deny this but Herod put them in prison  as if they were guilty of treason against their father  He said that he would punish them accordingly as his affairs went at Rome  Concerning this business  he sent letters to Caesar by Volumnius   the general of his army  as Josephus calls him   Josephus  Wars     I e      and Olympius  his friend  Herod ordered that on their trip they should stop at Eleusa  a town of Cilicia and give a letter to Archelaus  They should expostulate with him because he was a partner in his sons  plans   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6022,"EventTxt":"At Rome Nicholas Damascene allied himself with the Arabians who came to accuse Syllaeus  He claimed that he was Herod s accuser before Augustus and not Herod s defender otherwise he would not likely have been allowed to speak and turned away as others had been  When Nicholas had exposed publicly many of Syllaeus  crimes  he also added that Caesar was misled by his lies in the case of Herod  When he had so publicly shown and had confirmed by certain and authentic records  Caesar condemned Syllaeus and remanded him to the province that he might be punished after he had paid his debt   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6023,"EventTxt":"From this time  Augustus was reconciled to Aretas and Herod and then received his presents which he so often had rejected  He confirmed by his authority  the kingdom of the Arabians on him  He advised Herod also by letters  that he should call a council at Berytus and meet with the presidents of Syria  Archelaus  the king of the Cappadocians  and others of his friends and noble men  Together they should settle the whole business   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c       >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6024,"EventTxt":"In the isle of Cos  an earthquake destroyed much property   Eusebius  Chronicles","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6025,"EventTxt":"The angel  Gabriel   who had in time past foretold to Daniel the coming of the Messiah  by a definite number of weeks of years  appeared at the right side of the altar of incense to Zacharias  the priest of the course of Abia as he was offering incense in the temple of the Lord according to the custom of the priest s office   Ex        He told him that there would be born to him who was now old and to his aged wife Elizabeth  who was barren  a son  He would be called John  a Nazarite  and be the forerunner of the Lord  He would minister in the spirit and power of Elijah  Zacharias did not believe the promise and was made dumb","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 1:5-22","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":3998,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3998b AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6026,"EventTxt":"After the days of his ministry were finished  Zacharias returned home and his wife Elizabeth conceived a son by him and hid herself five months  saying  vv Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me  to take away my reproach among men","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 1:23-25","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3999a AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6027,"EventTxt":"When Herod received Augustus  letters  he rejoiced exceedingly because he was restored into his favour and he was given the power to do what he wanted with his sons  He convened by messengers all those whom Caesar had appointed to meet at Berythus except for Archelaus who kept his sons not far from the city  in Plaran a city of the Sidonians  First of all Saturninus  one who had been a consul and one of great dignity spoke his opinion  He was moderate and said that indeed the sons of Herod were to be condemned but not to be put to death  After him his three sons who were their father s lieutenants  were of the same opinion  On the other side Volumnius stated that they were to be punished with death because they were so impious toward their father  Most followed his opinion  Then the king took his sons with him to Tyre where Nicolaus arrived as he came from Rome  After Herod had conferred with him concerning his sons  he ordered Nicolaus to sail with him to Caesarea   Josephus        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3999a AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6028,"EventTxt":"At Caesarea a certain old soldier named Tero smartly reprehended Herod for the wickedness he planned against his sons and told him that he and   captains were of the same opinion  Herod ordered him to be cast into prison  Trypho  the king s barber used this occasion and accused Tero  He said that he had been often solicited by Tero that he would cut the king s throat with his razor as he was trimming him  Immediately both the barber and Tero and his son were tortured  His son saw his father so cruelly handled  To free him from the tortures  he were unadvisedly merciful and accused him of intending to murder the king  Then Herod brought those   captains together with Tero and his son and the barber and accused them before the people  The people threw anything that came next to hand and killed everyone of them   Josephus        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3999a AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6029,"EventTxt":"Alexander and Aristobulus were led to Sebaste and there strangled by their father s command  Their bodies were buried in the citadel of Alexandrion where Alexander their grandfather on their mother s side  and many of their family were buried   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-6,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4708,"Dating":"3999a AM, 4708 JP, 6 BC"}
{"Index":6030,"EventTxt":"When Augustus had assumed the twelfth consulship  he brought Caius into the court who was now of age and designed him Prince of Youth  and made him a prefect of a tribe   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Zonaras  ex Dio    Dio             This title of prince was given him by  all the Roman equestrians that gave him silver spears","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6031,"EventTxt":"Augustus stated this in the breviary of his deeds  Augustus also mentions the consulship that was then decreed both to Caius and Lucius  vv In respect of honouring me  the senate and people of Rome designed them consuls when they were only fifteen years old so that they might enter into that office after five years  to be calculated from that day that they were brought into the court","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6032,"EventTxt":"Thus the Ancyran Marble has it   Gruter  Inscriptions  p      Whereas in another Roman stone it is said that the people created Caius consul when he was only fourteen years old   For created it means designed for at this time his fourteenth year was ended and he was entering on his fifteenth","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6033,"EventTxt":"After his brothers were dead  Antipater  intended also to remove his father  Since Antipater knew he was hated by many in the kingdom  he endeavoured by bribes to get the good will of his friends at Rome and in Judea  He especially solicited Saturnius  the president of Syria  and Pheroras and Salome  the brother and sister of Herod   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6034,"EventTxt":"Herod sent home Glaphira the widow of his son Alexander to Archelaus  her father  the king of Cappadocia  He gave her also a dowry from the king s treasury lest some controversy should arise concerning it  He took good care of the young children of Alexander and Aristobulus  Antipater was grieved by this and feared that when they were come of age  that they would restrain his power  Hence  he plotted their destruction also and he so overcame Herod by his intreaties  that he would allow him to marry the daughter of Aristobulus and allow Antipater s son to marry the daughter of his uncle  Pheroras   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6035,"EventTxt":"Herod invited Zamaris  a Babylonian Jew  and gave him a country in Trachonis to inhabit so that he might guard that country against thieves  He came with   cavalry and   of his relatives  He built various citadels in various places around Trachonis and also at Bathyra  With these he gave safe passage to the Jews who came from Babylon to the feasts at Jerusalem from the thiefs of the Trachonites and others   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6036,"EventTxt":"Antipater plotted treason against his father and involved his uncle Pheroras with him along with some of the king s women who belong mainly to the Pharisees  Salome remained loyal to her brother Herod  The Pharisees were a crafty people  arrogant and enemies to kings  Thereupon when as the whole country was to swear loyalty to the king and Caesar  they alone would not swear  They numbered more than    They were fined by the king for this reason and the wife of Pheroras paid their fine for them  Since they were thought to be able to foresee the future  in return they foretold her that it was decreed that the kingdom would be taken from Herod and his children and would be given to her and her husband and their children  Salome told Herod about this and that they had solicited and corrupted many of his courtiers with bribes  Herod killed the leading Pharisees who were involved along with the eunuch Dagoas and his catamite  Carus who was commended to him for his handsomeness  Herod also killed whomever he had found of his family that had conspired with the Pharisees    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6037,"EventTxt":"After Herod had convicted the Pharisees and punished them  he called a council of his friends  Before them  he began an accusation against Pheroras  wife  When Pheroras would not forsake her in favour of his brother  Herod forbid Antipater to associate with Pheroras   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6038,"EventTxt":"To remove all suspicion of his father from himself  Antipater through his friends who lived at Rome  requested that Herod should send Antipater immediately to Augustus  Herod sent along with him many expensive presents and his will  In it he stated that Antipater should be king but if he died then Herod s son  Herod Philip  whom he had by Mariamme  the daughter of Simon the high priest  would be the king   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6039,"EventTxt":"In the sixth month after John was conceived  the angel  Gabriel  was sent by God to Nazareth in Galilee  to the most blessed virgin Mary who was betrothed to Joseph  They were both of the tribe of Judah and of David s family  He greeted her and declared that she should bring forth the Son of God and should call his name  Jesus  She was more fully instructed by the angel of the admirable manner of her conception to be performed by the power of the Holy Ghost who would overshadow her  With great faith  she said that it should be to the handmaid of the Lord according to thy word","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 1:26-38","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6040,"EventTxt":"Christ was thus conceived and the mother of the Lord hurried into the hill country to a city of Judah   That is  Hebron  a city of the priests located in the mountains of Judah  Jos         When she had entered into the house of Zacharias  the priest and had greeted her cousin  Elizabeth  she perceived the child to leap in her womb  Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost and declared that Mary was blessed  She believed this and confirmed that those things should be performed that were told her by the Lord  Mary imitated that song of Hannah    I    and spoke that divine hymn  My soul doth magnify the Lord   c  Mary stayed with her about three months","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Sa 2:1-10\", \"Lu 1:39-56\")","BibBk1":"Sa","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6041,"EventTxt":"Syllaeus  the Arabian  went to Rome but had done nothing which Caesar had ordered him to do  Antipater accused him before Caesar of the same crimes that Nicolaus Damascene had previously accused him of  There was also present another accuser  Aretas  the king of the Nabateans  who accused him of the murder of many honourable men without his consent  He especially complained about the murder of Sohemus who was a man most famous for all virtue  He also complained about the murder of Fabalus  Caesar s agent   Josephus  Wars     I e     Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6042,"EventTxt":"Herod banished his brother Pheroras into his tetrarchy because he so obstinately persisted in the love of his wife  He went willingly and swore that he would never return until he heard of Herod s death  Soon after that  Herod became sick and often sent for him to receive some private instructions from him as he lay on his death bed  He refused to come for his oath s sake   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6043,"EventTxt":"When the time of Elizabeth was come  she gave birth to a son  When he was to be circumcised the eighth day the bystanders would have had him called Zacharias  after his father s name but his parents said that they would have him named John  Zacharias had his speech restored and was filled with the Holy Ghost and prophesied saying  Blessed be the Lord God of Israel   c       When Joseph found his betrothed wife  Mary with child  he was willing to put her away quietly  He was told by God in a dream that she had conceived by the Holy Ghost and should bring forth her son  Jesus  who would save his people from their sins  He then took her as his wife","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 1:57-68\", \"Mt 1:18-24\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6044,"EventTxt":"When Pheroras became sick beyond all hope of getting well  Herod  his brother  came and visited him and very kindly sought help for him  However  he died within a few days  Herod brought his body to Jerusalem and buried it there  Herod honoured him with public mourning   Josephus  Wars        c     Antiq        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6045,"EventTxt":"Two of Pherora s freed men who were most dear to him   who were Taphenites  told Herod  how he had been killed with poison by Doris  the mother of Antipater  Herod inquired into this villainy and by luck he by little and little found out much greater villainies and the obvious treasons of his son  Antipater  Antipater on his journey to Rome  had given a deadly poison to Pheroras  Theudon  the brother of Doris  sent it from Egypt by Antiphilus  one of Antipator s friends  to kill his father  Theudon did this when he was away so that no one would suspect he had anything to do with his father s death   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6046,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Herod expelled Doris  the mother of Antipater  from the palace and took her jewels from her which were worth many talents  Herod divorced his wife  another Mariamme  the daughter of the high priest  who was in on this plot  He removed her son from his will  where he was appointed successor  He also deprived his father in law of the high priesthood and substituted Matthias  the son of Theophilus who was born at Jerusalem   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":3999,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"3999b AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6047,"EventTxt":"On the day of atonement  when there was a solemn fast of the Jews  the new high priest Matthias could not perform the divine service because he had suffered from nocturnal pollution  Therefore Joseph  the son of Ellemus was appointed to be his assistant and substitute  since he was his relative and the same day he entered into the Holy of Holies   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6048,"EventTxt":"Bathyllus  the freed man of Antipater came from Rome  When he was tortured  he confessed that he had brought poison which he gave to Antipater s mother for Pheroras  He said if the first poison was too weak  they could certainly kill him with this one  Antipater had his friends at Rome sent letters to the king  These accused Archelaus and Philip  Herod s sons  of complaining about the murder of Alexander and Aristobulus and pitied the misfortune of their innocent brothers  These young men were at that time at Rome to study but now their father ordered them to return  Thereupon Antipater bribed his friends with large gifts that they might make his father suspect these two men who stood in the way of Antipater s ambitions  Antipater himself  wrote to his father concerning them as if he were excusing them because they were young   Josephus        c     <c        >  Wars        c","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6049,"EventTxt":"Augustus ordered that all the Roman world should be taxed  This taxing first happened when Cyrenius was governor of Syria   Lu       From this a little book was made by Augustus  containing all the public riches  number of Roman citizens and armed allies  It listed the navies  kingdoms and provinces  It had what tribute and customs were required to be paid   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6050,"EventTxt":"P  Sulpicius Quirinius is called in the Greek Kutwiou or Kurniou had been a consul at Rome for seven years previous to this  Strabo   Strabo        c          wrote about the Homonadensians  a people of Cilicia  vv Quirinius overcame them by famine and took   men and distributed them into the neighbouring cities","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6051,"EventTxt":"Tacitus wrote   Tacitus  Annals        c      vv He was a valiant warrior and ambitious in all his duties  He had the consulship under Augustus  He was famous for he won the citadels of the Homonadensians by assault and he obtained the ensigns of triumph","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6052,"EventTxt":"Augustus himself had decreed that magistrates should not be sent into provinces as soon as they had left office    Suetonius  in Octavian  c       They should wait five years after their term of office    Dio","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6053,"EventTxt":"Thereupon Quirinius obtained the proconsulate of Cilicia and might be sent into Syria that was close by either as censor with an extraordinary power or as Caesar s governor with ordinary power  He would still retain the proconsulship of Cilicia and Sextius Saturninus of Syria  We have often read in Josephus that Volumnius and Saturninus in like manner were called presidents of Syria  when as Volumnius  was only epitropou  Josephus  Wars     I e      A little later  Quintillius Varus was made successor to Saturninus with the proconsular authority  So nothing is incorrect in that Quirinius may be said to have succeeded or rather to have been added to the office of administration of Caesar s affairs  as King Herod was  Josephus noted Herod was to be the governor of all Syria  Josephus  Wars     I e      and was so constituted by Augustus that he was added to the governors and that all things should be done according to his wishes   Josephus  Antiq        c      Hence both would govern together as Tertulian has it   Tertulian  contra  Marcion        c      vv that there was a tax raised under Augustus in Judea  by Sentius Saturninus","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6054,"EventTxt":"The words of Luke tell us when this same taxing was made  vv when Cyrenius or Quirinius was governor of Syria","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6055,"EventTxt":"Luke would rather mention him than of the governor of Saturninus because he would compare this taxing with another that was made by the same Quirinius ten years later after Archelaus was sent into banishment  He stated that of the two taxings that this was the first that was the time of the birth of Christ","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6056,"EventTxt":"When this first taxing was enacted  Joseph went up from Galilee  from the city of Nazareth into Judea to the city of David  called Bethlehem because he was of the house and linage of David so that he might be taxed with Mary his wife who was due to deliver   Lu        Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"6th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6057,"EventTxt":"Jesus Christ and Son of God  in the fulness of time was born of the most blessed virgin Mary  at Bethlehem   Mt           Ga      Mary wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger because there was no room in the inn   Lu","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6058,"EventTxt":"The birth of our saviour was revealed by an angel of the Lord to shepherds who kept their flock by night in the neighbouring fields  They heard the word of a multitude of the heavenly host who prayed for glory to God  peace to the earth and good will to men  The shepherds hurried to Bethlehem and found Mary and Joseph and the child lying in the manger  They told everyone what they had heard concerning the child and they returned praising and glorifying God","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 2:8-20","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6059,"EventTxt":"The child was circumcised on the eighth day after his birth and his name was called Jesus as foretold by the angel before he was conceived in the womb   Lu","YearBCAD":-5,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4709,"Dating":"4000a AM, 4709 JP, 5 BC"}
{"Index":6060,"EventTxt":"The wise men from the east were guided by a star and came to Herod at Jerusalem  They were told that the birth place of Christ was in Bethlehem of Judea  They went there and entering into the house which was showed to them by the star that stood over it  They found the little child with Mary  his mother  They fell down and worshipped him and gave their treasures to him  gold  frankincense and myrrh  They were warned by God in a dream that they should not return to Herod and so they departed into their own country by another way","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 2:1-12","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6061,"EventTxt":"On the fortieth day after her delivery  Mary went to Jerusalem to the temple to present him to the Lord according to the law of the firstborn and also to offer for herself a pair of turtle doves or two young pigeons   She could not afford to offer a lamb   This was according to the Levitical law","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 2:22-24\", \"Le 12:2-4\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6062,"EventTxt":"When his parents brought the child Jesus into the temple to perform the requirements of the law  Simeon came into the temple to whom it was revealed by God that he should not die until he had seen the anointed of the Lord  He took Jesus in his arms and praised the Lord and spoke prophesies about Christ and his mother  At the same time  Anna  a prophetess the daughter of Phanuel  came and publicly acknowledged the Lord and spoke of him to all who looked for redemption in Jerusalem","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 2:25-38","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6063,"EventTxt":"When Joseph and Mary had performed all the things according to the law of the Lord  they returned into Galilee to their own city of Nazareth   Lu","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6064,"EventTxt":"The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and warned him to flee to Egypt to save the life of the child and escape the machinations of Herod  When he awoke  he took the young child and his mother by night and went into Egypt where he remained until the death of Herod","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 2:13-15","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6065,"EventTxt":"Herod thought the young child was still at Bethlehem  He killed all the children who were in Bethlehem and in all the surrounding area who were two years old or less  This was according to the time when the star first was seen in the east and when the wise men enquired about the child   Mt","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6066,"EventTxt":"Herod received letters from Antipater from Rome  in which he told him that he had settled all his business according to his wishes and he would return home in a short time  Herod wrote to him back again and concealed his anger  He said he should hurry home lest anything happen to him while he was away  He also modestly complained of his mother and promised that he would settle all differences after his return    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6067,"EventTxt":"Antipater heard no news all this time either of the death of Pheroras or of those things that were brought against him even though seven months had elapsed   Josephus  Wars        c      Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c        >  On his journey  he received a letter at Tarentum about Pheroras  death  In Cilicia he got those letters from his father that told him to hurry home  When he came to Celenderis  a town of Cilicia  he began to have doubts about his return and was extremely sorrowful for the disgrace of his mother  However  he sailed on and he came to Sebaste  the port of Caesarea  He was greeted by no one and he went to Jerusalem   Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c          >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6068,"EventTxt":"It happened that at the same time  Quintilius Varus was at Jerusalem  who was sent as the successor to Saturninus in Syria and was summoned there by Herod  Herod wanted Varus to help him with his council in his weighty affairs  As they were sitting both together  Antipater came in not suspecting anything  He entered the palace in his purple garment that he usually wore  When he entered  the guards at the gates allowed none of his followers to come in with him  As he approached them  his father thrust him from him and accused him of the murder of Pheroras  Herod s brother and of intendeding to poison his father  He told him that on the next day Varus would both hear and determine all things between them   Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6069,"EventTxt":"The next day Varus and the king sat in judgment  His father first began the accusation and left the prosecution and confirmation of it to Nicholas Damascene  his dear and close friend and one who knew all the business  When Antipater could not clear himself from the crimes alleged against him  Varus ordered the poison which he had prepared for his father to be brought out  It was given to another condemned man who immediately died  After this  Varus arose from the council and the next day he went to Antioch because this was the main palace of the Syrians  Herod soon put his son into prison and sent letters to Caesar indicating what he had done  He also sent messengers who by word of mouth  might verify to Caesar of the cursed treason of Antipater   Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c     l    >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6070,"EventTxt":"At the same time  letters were intercepted from Antiphilus to Antipater from Egypt along with others from Rome which were sent to Antipater and Herod the king and written from Acme  She was a Jew and a chambermaid to Livia  Caesar s wife  She was well bribed by Antipater and sent a forged letter to Herod as if it had been written from Salome to her Livia against him  in which she desired that she might have permission to marry Syllaeus   This is that Nabatean who was Herod s sworn enemy   A little after this  Syllaeus was beheaded at Rome for betraying Aelius Gallus on the Arabian expedition and for other crimes    Strabo             Herod sent by his ambassadors to Caesar  a copy of these letters together with those of his own against his son   Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6071,"EventTxt":"While the ambassadors hurried to Rome  Herod fell sick and made his will  He left the succession of his kingdom to his youngest son  Herod Antipas since he was estranged from Archelaus and Philip  by the false accusations of Antipater   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6072,"EventTxt":"Judas  the son of Saripheus and Matthias  the son of Margalothus  were two of the most learned of the Jews and best interpreters of the law  When they knew that the king s sickness was incurable  they persuaded some young men who were their scholars that they should throw down the golden eagle that Herod erected over the large gate of the temple  They went at noon day  they pulled and hewed down with their axes the eagle while a large number in the temple witnessed their actions  As soon as it was told the captain  he came with a strong band of soldiers and laid hold upon some forty of the young men together with their masters and brought them to Herod  These continually defended their actions and Herod ordered them to be bound and sent to Jericho  He convened the rulers of the Jews and was brought into the assembly in a litter because he was so weak  He complained not so much of the wrong done to himself as to God  as he said  They denied that it was done according to their order and Herod dealt more mildly with them  He took away the high priesthood from Matthias since he knew of this affair and replaced him with Jazar the brother of his wife   Mariamme  the daughter of Simon the high priest   He burned alive the other Matthias that was partner of this sedition along with his companions  That night the moon was eclipsed  Josephus  Antiq         c    <c          >  on March  th  three hours after midnight according to the astronomical tables","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6073,"EventTxt":"Herod s disease grew worse  for he was inflamed with a slow fire which was not felt but it burnt up his very bowels  He had also the disease called bulimia which was a continual desire for food  To satisfy this  he was always eating  He was also continually tortured with ulcers in his bowels and pains of the colic  His feet swelled with a moist liquid  Also his thighs and his members rotted and were full of worms  He also had a filthy and no less troublesome priapism and a most terrible stench  In addition  he was troubled with convulsions and had difficulty in breathing   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6074,"EventTxt":"Although he was so grievously tormented that everyone thought he would die from this  yet he hoped he should get well  He very carefully sent for physicians and sought medicines from every place  He went also beyond the Jordan River into the hot baths at Callirrhoe which drained into the Dead Sea  Beside their medicinal value  the water is pleasant to drink  By the advice of his physicians  he was placed in a bathing tub filled with oil  When he seemed to have died  his friends suddenly cried out and bewailed him  He came to himself and now realised there was no more hope for recovery  He ordered   drachmas to be given to every soldier and was generous to his captains and friends  He returned again to Jericho   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6075,"EventTxt":"Augustus had heard that among the children that Herod  the king of the Jews had ordered to be killed who were two years or under  One of Herod s own sons was also killed by this same edict  Augustus said   Macrobius  Saturnal        c      vv It was better to be Herod s hog than his son","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4000,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4000b AM, 4710 JP, 4 BC"}
{"Index":6076,"EventTxt":"Herod by an edict  convened to Jericho from every place  the most noble of the Jews and locked them up in a place called the hippodrome  He ordered his sister Salome and her husband Alexas  that as soon as he was dead  they would order the soldiers to kill all those that were confined so that the people should have cause for sorrow otherwise they would rejoice at the death of their king that they hated so much   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6077,"EventTxt":"Letters came from Rome from the ambassadors that were sent to Caesar  They stated that Acme was put to death by Caesar who was angry for her involvement in Antipater s conspiracy  Antipater was left to his father s pleasure  either to banish him or to put him to death  When Herod had heard these things  he was cheered a little but presently he was in pain again  He was hungry and called for an apple and a knife to peal it  When he tried to stab himself  Achialus  his nephew  prevented him and called for help as he held out Herod s right hand  A great sorrow with fear and tumult struck the whole palace  as if Herod had been dead   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6078,"EventTxt":"When Antipater heard the noise  he thought certainly that his father was dead  He began to bargain with his keeper about letting him out  He promised him many things now and in the future when it was within his power  The keeper told the king who for very anger cried out  Although he was so near death yet raised himself up in his bed and ordered one of his guard to immediately go and execute Antipater  He was to be buried in the castle of Hircania without any honour   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6079,"EventTxt":"Then Herod changed his mind and made a new will  Antipas who before he had made his successor in the kingdom  he made him tetrarch of Galilee and Petrea  He gave the kingdom to Archelaus and assigned to his son Philip the regions of Gaulanitis  Trachonitis  Batanaea and Paneada in the name of a tetrarchy  He gave to Salome  his sister  Jamnia  Azotus and Phasaelis with     drachmas  To the rest of his family  he gave money and yearly pensions  To Caesar he gave       drachmas of silver and all his vessels as well of gold as silver  and a great quantity of precious clothes  To Livia  Caesar s wife and to some certain friends he gave       drachmas   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6080,"EventTxt":"After Herod had ordered these things  he died five days after he had executed Antipater  He held the kingdom for   years after he had killed Antigonus but from the time that he was declared king by the Romans    years   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  He died about the  th of November that is the  th of the month Chisleu which is therefore accounted a joyful and festival day because in that day  vv Herod died who hated all wise men","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6081,"EventTxt":"This is according to Edward Liveley  a most learned man  as noted in his chronology  in the tyn t tlygm  Volume of the Fejunii","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6082,"EventTxt":"Before the king s death was known  Salome and Alexas  sent all those home that were locked up in the hippodrome  They said that Herod had so ordered that they should go into the country and follow own their businesses   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6083,"EventTxt":"When the king s death was declared  all the soldiers were called into the amphitheatre of Jericho  They first read the king s letter to the soldiers in which Herod thanked them for their fidelity and love to him  Herod desired that they would be faithful to his son Archelaus  whom he had appointed to be his successor in the kingdom  Then Ptolemy the keeper of the king s seal  read his will which he could not ratify without Caesar s consent  Then was there a shout for joy that Archelaus was king and the soldiers came flocking in with their captains around him  They promised that they would be just as faithful to him as they had been to his father and they prayed God to prosper him in his reign  Archelaus prepared the king s funeral most royally    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4710,"Dating":"4001a AM, 4710 JP, 4BC"}
{"Index":6084,"EventTxt":"After Herod had died who sought the life of the young child  Jesus  the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream in Egypt and ordered that he should return with the young child and his mother to the land of Israel  When he awoke  he did what he was commanded to do","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 2:19-21","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6085,"EventTxt":"When Joseph came into the land of Israel  he heard that Archelaus reigned in Judea in the place of his father  Herod and he feared to go there  God warned him in a dream and he departed into the region of Galilee  the tetrarchy which Archelaus  father Herod had given to Antipas in his will   He settled in the city of Nazareth from whence Jesus took the name of Nazarene   Mt        and the Christians of Nazarenes   Ac","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6086,"EventTxt":"Herod s body was carried in a funeral possession   miles from Jericho  to the citadel Herodion where he had arranged to be buried   Josephus  Wars     I e  ult  fin  <c        >  Each day they only travelled one mile  He was carried on a golden bier embroidered with precious jewel and covered with a purple cloth  His body was clothed with purple also  A diadem was put on his head and also over him a crown of gold and a sceptre in his right hand  His son and his relatives walked beside the bier and were followed by the soldiers  marshalled according to their countries  Then came   servants who carried perfumes   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6087,"EventTxt":"After the funeral ceremony was over  Archelaus came to Jerusalem  and solemnized the mourning for his father for seven days according to the traditions of the Jews  At the end of the mourning  he made a funeral banquet to the people  He went up into the temple and wherever he went he was congratulated  He went up to a higher place and sat on a golden throne  He spoke graciously and honestly to the people  However  he said that he would not take the name of king until Caesar had confirmed his father s will  After the sacrifices were over  he banqueted with his friends   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6088,"EventTxt":"The friends of those whom Herod had put to death for throwing down the golden eagle  made a sedition  They reproached the dead king and demanded some of his friends also to be punished  Moreover they desired that Joazar  the high priest to be removed from the priesthood  Archelaus tried to appease them but in vain  It happened that about the feast of the passover  Archelaus sent the whole army against them and   men were killed by the cavalry around the temple  The rest fled to the adjoining mountains   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6089,"EventTxt":"Archelaus went down to the sea with his mother  Malthace  a Samaritan  to sail to Caesar  He took along Nicolaus Damascene  Ptolemy  Herod s agent  and his many other friends  He committed his family and kingdom to the trust of his brother Philip  Salome also  the sister of Herod  went with him and took with her all her children  Others of his relatives also went under the pretence of helping him to get the kingdom when indeed they planned to oppose him and to accuse him for that deed that was committed in the temple    Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6090,"EventTxt":"As Archelaus was travelling with this group  Sabinus  Caesar s agent in Syria met him and said he sent to Judea to take charge of Herod s money  Varus  the governor of Syria fortunately met him and restrained him for Archelaus had sent for Varus by Ptolemy  Sabinus yielded to the governor and neither seized the citadels of Judea nor sealed up the king s treasures  He left all things in Archelaus  control until Caesar should determine something concerning them  When Sabinus had promised this  he stayed at Caesarea  After Archelaus sailed for Rome and Varus returned to Antioch  Sabinus went to Jerusalem and seized the palace  He convened the captains of the citadels and the king s agents and demanded the accounts from them and that the citadels should be delivered over to him  The captains obeyed Archelaus and kept all things as they were until the king s return  They pretended that they kept them for Caesar   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6091,"EventTxt":"At the same time Antipas  the son of Herod  sailed to Rome with hopes of getting the kingdom for himself  Salome instigated him to do this since he was to be preferred before Archelaus because he was appointed the successor of the kingdom in Herod s first will which ought to have more validity than the second  He took with him his mother  Cleopatra who was born at Jerusalem  and Ptolemy  the brother of Nicolaus Damascene  He was one of Herod s best friends and favoured his title  He especially included Irenaeus  an orator who was an eloquent man knowledgable in the king s businesses  to help him secure the kingdom  After Antipas came to Rome  all the relatives sided with him because they hated Archelaus  Sabinus wrote letters to Caesar also to accuse Archelaus   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6092,"EventTxt":"Archelaus through Ptolemy showed a petition to Caesar containing his own right and the accounts of Herod s money that was sealed up  When Caesar had read the petition as well as Varus  and Sabinus  letters  he convened his friends  He gave the first place in the council to Caius  the son of Agrippa and his daughter Julia whom he had now adopted  Antipater  the son of Salome who was a very eloquent man  spoke against Archelaus to whom Nicolaus Damascene answered in his defence  When he had finished his discourse  Archelaus fell down at Caesar s feet  whom he courteously raised up and pronounced that he was worthy of the kingdom  Caesar said pretending that he would do nothing unless it was prescribed in his father s will or that should be profitable for Archelaus  When Caesar saw the young man confirmed in some hope by his promise  he determined nothing more at that time   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6093,"EventTxt":"Varus came from Antioch to repress the seditions that were raised in Judea after Archelaus  departure  He punished the instigators of the sedition and after the sedition was mostly settled  he returned and left one legion in Jerusalem to prevent further seditions  As soon as he was gone  Sabinus  Caesar s agent came there and took control of those troops  He thought he was more than a match for the people and tried to seize the citadels  He forcibly searched for the king s money for his own private wealth and covetousness sake   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6094,"EventTxt":"Many thousands came to the feast of Pentecost not so much for religion s sake but to revenge Sabinus  They came not only from Judea which was more grievously afflicted but from Galilee  Idumaea  Jericho and from the towns that were beyond the Jordan River  They fiercely attacked Sabinus and divided their troops into three brigades  The Roman soldiers valiantly opposed them and killed many of them  The soldiers entered the treasure house of the holy treasure and stole most of it    talents of that money was openly brought to Sabinus  A company of the most warlike Jews besieged the palace but Rufus and Gratus  who had under their command   men of the most warlike and best of Herod s soldiers  allied themselves with the Romans  In spite of this  the Jews zealously continued the assault and undermined the walls  They exhorted their adversaries to depart and promised them safe conduct  Sabinus did not trust them and would not withdraw his soldiers  He expected help from Varus    Josephus  Antiq        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6095,"EventTxt":"In this state of things  there were various other seditions raised in Judea and in other places because the country did not have a king of their own who might restrain the multitude and compel obedience to the law  For   men  who had served under Herod  were disbanded to live at home  They got together and attacked the king s faction who were under Archiabus  Herod s nephew  and general for the king  He dared not attack the old soldiers on equal terms and so he defended himself and his side as well as he could by retreating to the mountainous regions that were hard to get at   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6096,"EventTxt":"Judas  the son of Ezekias who headed a robber band and in previous times tried to overthrow Herod   gathered a band of desperate men at Sepphoris  a city of Galilee and made incursions into the king s dominion  He captured the king s armoury and he armed all his soldiers and seized the king s treasure in those places  Thereupon he began to terrorise the inhabitants  He spoiled all that fell into his hands  He aspired also to the kingdom  not by lawful means  of which he was wholly ignorant  but by force   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c          >  For whereas hdwhy of the Hebrews  is the same with hdwt of the Syrians  from which comes Judas and Thaddaeus   Lu     Mr      The name is Theudas since this Judas seems to be no other than Theudas  of whom  Ac      Gamaliel spoke  Before these times rose up Theudas  boasting himself to be some body  to whom a number of men  about    joined themselves  who were slain  and all as many as obeyed him  were scattered and brought to nought","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6097,"EventTxt":"Simon also  a servant of King Herod s was a wise man esteemed among all men  for his handsomeness  height and strength  He dared assume the kingdom  He was attended by a large company and proclaimed king by them  These were an unbridled multitude and persuaded him that he was more fit to be the king than anyone else  He began his kingdom by plundering and burning the king s palace at Jericho  Then he burned other palaces and gave their plunder to those who followed him  He would also have done more licentious deeds if he had not been quickly stopped  Gratus  the captain of the king s soldiers  who then followed the Roman side  marched with his forces against Simon  There was a fierce conflict on the other side of Jordan  Simon s men fought in disorder and more from courage than skill and were defeated  Gratus captured Simon  as he was fleeing through a narrow valley and cut off his head   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >  Tacitus refers this rather to Varus  Tacitus  History        c      and wrote this about Simon  vv After the death of Herod  Simon made himself king  without so much as looking for Caesar s consent  but he was punished by Varus  the governor of Syria","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6098,"EventTxt":"At Amatha  also by the Jordan River  a royal palace of the king  was burnt by the rabble of men that Simon had  Athronges who was an obscure shepherd and only famous for his great height and strength  made himself king  He had four brothers that were just as tall and strong whom he made his lieutenants over the multitude that came flocking to him in this time of unrest  He wore a crown and although he consulted others  he kept the sole command in his own hands  The power of this man lasted long   for he was not a king for nothing  until he was brought under the power of Archelaus when he returned from Rome    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6099,"EventTxt":"Athronges  cruelty affected especially the Romans and the king s side for he hated them both alike  His forces surprised a cohort near Emmaus as it was carrying food and weapons to the army  He killed with their arrows  Arius  a centurion along with   of his best foot soldiers  The rest would have been killed had not Gratus arrived with the king s soldiers and rescued them but left the dead bodies   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6100,"EventTxt":"Quintilius Varus knew the danger that Sabinus was in by his letters and feared the utter destruction of the third legion  He left with two other legions   for at the most there were but three legions in all Syria  and four troops of cavalry and the auxiliaries of the king and tetrarchs  He hurried into Judea to help the besieged and ordered those who were sent ahead  to meet him at Ptolemais  On his way past the city of Berythus  he received   auxiliaries from them  Antus was a Petrean and a friend to the Romans  In spite of his hatred of Herod  he sent him good a number of cavalry and foot soldiers   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6101,"EventTxt":"After all the army came to Ptolemais  Varus turned part of it over to his son and to one of his friends  They were to march against the Galilaeans who bordered on Ptolemais  When they entered the country  they put all to flight who dared oppose them  They took the city Sepphoris and sold all the inhabitants and burned the city   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6102,"EventTxt":"Varus went toward Samaria with the army but did no harm to the city because he knew it had not been involved in the sedition  He pitched his camp in a certain village which was called Aras and was in the possession of Ptolemy  The Arabians had burnt it because they hated Herod s friends because they hated Herod as well as anyone who was Herod s friend  He marched and came to Sampho which the Arabians first plundered and then burnt even though it was well fortified  On all that march  they burned everything and killed anyone they met  Emmaus was burnt by the order of Varus  in revenge of his soldiers who were killed there  However  the inhabitants had first abandoned it   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6103,"EventTxt":"Then when they came near to Jerusalem  the Jews who besieged the Romans on that side  were terrified as soon as they saw the army coming  They abandoned the attack they had begun  Those of Jerusalem were grievously reproved by Varus  They excused themselves and said that the people indeed were gathered together for the feast but that the sedition was not started with their consent  It was caused by the boldness of the strangers who came there  Varus was met by Joseph  a nephew of King Herod s  Gratus and Rufus with their soldiers and the Romans that had endured the siege  Sabinus would not come but stole away secretly and hurried to the seaside   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6104,"EventTxt":"Then Varus sent part of his army throughout all the country to capture the instigators of this sedition  When he found them  he punished the most guilty and some were let go free  About     were crucified for this sedition  After this he dismissed his army who were disorderly and disobedient and committed many outrages for mere money s sake  When he heard that there were     Jews gathered together  he hurried to apprehend them  They dared not withstand him and surrendered themselves by advice of Achiabus  Varus pardoned the common people for their sedition but sent the ring leaders to Caesar  So all things were made peaceful again and he left the same legion in Jerusalem in the garrison  He returned to Antioch   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6105,"EventTxt":"Malthace  the mother of Archelaus  died of a sickness at Rome","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6106,"EventTxt":"When Caesar had received Varus  letter about the revolt of the Jews  he pardoned the rest of the captains of the seditions and only punished some of King Herod s relatives who with no regard for justice had fought against their own relatives   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6107,"EventTxt":"At the same time  with the permission of Varus  an embassy of the Jews came who desired that they might live according to their own laws  There were about   ambassadors who were joined by about   Jews who lived at Rome  Caesar had convened a council of his friends and chief citizens into the temple of Apollo which he had built at great expense  The ambassadors and a multitude of the Jews who following them also went there  Archelaus came also with his company  Philip was also there who came by Varus  advice from Syria so that he might be an advocate for his brother to whom Varus wished well  He also wanted a share in the division of Herod s kingdom  The ambassadors were given permission to speak and they began with accusations against Herod and Archelaus and then desired that they might have no more kings  They wanted the government to be annexed to Syria and that they would obey the governors sent to them from Rome  When Nicolaus Damascene had answered the objections for Herod who was dead and for Archelaus who was present  Caesar dismissed the council   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c     l    >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6108,"EventTxt":"A few days later  Caesar declared Archelaus not to be king but made him lord of half part of that dominion that was left him by his father  Herod  He promised him a kingdom if he behaved himself so as to merit a kingdom  A fourth part of their tribute was remitted because they did not join the sedition  These cities were included in his government  the tower of Strata  Sebaste  Joppe  and Jerusalem  The cities Gaza  Gadara  and Hippos were cities which followed the laws of Greece  For this reason Caesar annexed them to Syria  There accrued to Archelaus   talents annually from his own dominion   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6109,"EventTxt":"Caesar divided the other half of Herod s dominion into two parts  one for each of Herod s sons  Herod Antipas was given Galilee with the little country of Petraea   It was a most fertile country and lies beyond Jordan between the two lakes of Tiberias and the Dead Sea   This generated   talents a year in revenue  Philip received Batanea with Trachonitis as well as Auranitis  with a certain part of the palace of Zenodorus   as they call it  which paid annually   talents  Salome received in addition to the cities which were left her by her brother  Jamnia  Azotus and Phasaelis and     drachmas of silver  Caesar gave her a palace in Askelon and she also received from those places which were subject to her    talents  Her residence was within the dominion of Archelaus  The rest of Herod s relatives received what was bequeathed by his will  Also two of Herod s daughters who were virgins  received in addition to what was bequeathed them      drachmas of silver from the bounty of Caesar and they were married to the sons of Pheroras  Caesar gave his portion of the king s estate which amounted to the sum of   talents to his sons  He kept only a few vessels not so much for their value but as keep sakes for the memory of his friend   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6110,"EventTxt":"Thus the children of Herod governed the country and were now restrained by a threefold division   Tacitus        c      Strabo added this about his children  vv Some of them Herod put to death himself under the charges of treachery  others at his death he left as his successors and assigned to everyone his portion  Caesar also highly honoured Herod s children and his sister Salome and Berenice the daughter of Salome     A certain young man  a Jew of lowly parentage  was brought up in Sidon  with a Roman freed man  He resembled Alexander the son of Herod in his face and pretended to be Alexander who was saved from death with his brother Aristobulus by means of a certain friend of his keeper  This man took on an accomplice who was very well acquainted about Herod s palace and well instructed by this fellow s cunning and deceits  When he had sailed into Crete  he persuaded all the Jews that came to meet him this thing was so  He got money from them and he sailed to the island of Melus  where he got a huge amount of money under pretence that he was of the king s family  He now hoped that he should recover his father s kingdom and he hurried to Rome with his friends  When he had sailed to Puteoli  he was there likewise well received and deceived the Jews  As he was coming to Rome  all the Jews who lived there came out to meet him  When this news was brought to Caesar  he sent there Celadus  one of his freemen who was previously very well acquainted with the young men  Caesar ordered him that if he was Alexander  he should bring him to him  He likewise was deceived and brought him to Caesar  However  he did not deceive Caesar who sent this false Alexander when he had confessed his imposture to the galleys as a rower because he had a strong body  He executed the one that put him up to this fraud   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4001,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4001b AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6112,"EventTxt":"When Archelaus returned to his government in Judea  he removed the priesthood from Joazar  the son of Boethus  or his grandchild by his son Simon  accusing him that he had favoured the seditions and gave that office to Joazar s brother  Eleazar   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":-3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4711,"Dating":"4002a AM, 4711 JP, 3 BC"}
{"Index":6113,"EventTxt":"Augustus brought his son Lucius  in his  th consulship  into the court   Suetonius  Octavian  c       He conferred the same honours on him which he had conferred three years earlier on his brother Caius shown by the inscriptions on the coins  They show ensigns of Caius and Lucius with bucklers and spears with this inscription  C  L  Caesares  Augusti  F  Cos  Des  Principes  Juvent  This means Caius and Lucius Caesar  the sons of Augustus  designed consuls  princes of youth","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6114,"EventTxt":"In the same  th consulship  he wrote on a monument of Ancyra  that he  vv gave   denarii to the common people that received public grain   welfare","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6115,"EventTxt":"He added  vv there were more than","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6116,"EventTxt":"This very thing is also found in Xyphiline  in his writings from Dio   Xyphiline  ex Dio  except that for   denarii  which the Greeks called drachmas  the Latin author wrote   denarii  We do not know the basis for the change","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6117,"EventTxt":"When Augustus and Gallus Coninius were consuls  they satisfied the desires of the Roman people with gladiatorial shows and a sham naval battle    Velleius Paterculus        c           Jerome  in Chronicle  For these shows  he brought water into the circus  Thirty crocodiles were killed   Xyphiline  ex Dio","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6118,"EventTxt":"He also held a naval fight and hollowed the ground around the Tiber River  That place was later called Caesar s Grove   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      The hollowed place was   feet long and   feet wide  He had   warships and many galleys and smaller boats fight  This is recorded in the breviary of his doings which was engraved in the marble of Anoyra  Augustus wrote that this was a novelty in Rome  Ovid makes mention of this   Ovid  Art        What  Caesar when  like a sea fight by land  Made the Persian and Cecropian beaks the sand To ride  He brought both men and maids from the main  And made the city all the world retain","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6119,"EventTxt":"When Augustus was preparing his games in Rome  there was trouble in Armenia  Only Pompey had exposed the Armenians to the government of Roman governors  They had expelled Artarasdes  or Artabazes  whom Augustus had set over them as governor and had substituted Tigranes in his place  To support this revolt  they called the Parthians for help  So Armenia yielded to the Parthians and the Parthians broke their alliance with Rome and seized Armenia    Florus        c              Velleius Paterculus        c       Tacitus  Annals        c       Zenaras  ex Dio   excerptis a Fulv  Ursino Edit  legat       Sextus Rufus  in Breviary","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6120,"EventTxt":"Augustus brought Caius and Lucius who were yet very young into the government service  He sent them around the provinces and armies and they had the title of consuls   Suetonius  in Octavian  c      Hence we read in Velleius Paterculus   Velleius Paterculus        c      that Caius went about the provinces to settle them  Beatus Rhenanus thinks it should read to quiet them  Justus Ligsius thinks it should read  to visit them  This is the best reading as that place of Dio shows in the collections recorded by Henricus Valesius   p      vv Caius Caesar went about as they usually do in peace  viewed the legions that were encamped by the Ister River for he had never any command in the wars not that there was not any war at that time  This was because he had learned the arts in peace and security while the dangers of the war were committed to others to manage","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6121,"EventTxt":"At Rome in the very year that Augustus held the shows of the combatants on land and sea  there was a filthy and horrible disaster in his own house  His daughter Julia who was altogether unmindful either of the greatness of her father or husband  left no disgraceful deed untried that it was possible for a woman to do or happen to her  She measured the greatness of her fortune by her liberty in sinning and considered everything lawful if it pleased her     Velleius Paterculus        c          She came to such height of lasciviousness that she kept her mighty feasting in the very courts of justice  She abused those courts with lascivious acts in which her father had made the law against adultery  Thereupon her father was so enraged that he could not contain his anger within his own house  He published these things and told them to the senators   Seneca  de Beneficiis        c       Xyphiline  in Dio   Excerptis  Valesii  p      He was not present but he had a quaestor read a note to them telling everything that happened  He kept himself also from any company for a very long time for very shame  He was thinking also of putting his daughter to death   Suetonius  in Octavian  At last  she was banished to Pandataria  an island of Campania and her mother  Scibonia voluntarily accompanied her into exile   Velleius Paterculus        c           Xyphiline  in Dio  Her mother was divorced from Caesar on that very day she was born  L  Martius and C  Sabinus  were consuls at that time    Dio              in   BC or   JP  Hence Julia was   years old at that time  Macrobius confirms she was at least that old   Macrobius  Saturnal        c","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6122,"EventTxt":"Tiberius was in Rhodes and heard that his wife Julia was condemned for her lusts and adulteries and that a divorce was sent to her in his name by the order of Augustus  Although he was glad  yet he thought it his duty as much as lay in him to frequently write to Augustus  He begged him that he would forgive his daughter and would give her  although she did not deserve it  whatever he had given her    Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4002,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4002b AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6123,"EventTxt":"When Augustus heard that the Armenians had revolted and they were helped by the Parthians  he was grieved and did not know what to do  He could not manage the war himself because he was too old  Tiberius had withdrawn himself and he dared not trust any of the more powerful citizens  Caius and Lucus were too young and unfit for such matters  From necessity  he sent Caius and made him a proconsul  To give him more honour  he had him get married  He would have more friends to give him wise counsel   Zenaras  ex Dio  He married Lollia Paulina    Suetonius  in Claudius  c       who was either the daughter or niece of Marcus Lollius    Pliny        c           Solinus  c      Augustus wanted him to be an adviser for his young son    Velleius Paterculus        c           Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6124,"EventTxt":"When Caius was prepared for this expedition  Ovid wrote mataioqecnian  in his first book  He mentioned the recent naval battle which had ended  Caesar prepares with courage to subdue Of the whole world the only unconquered crew  Now must the Parthian by him overcome  Receive chastisement and observe his doom  Rejoice yon buried Crassians  what you lost  Revengefully is taken to their cost  By one  though captain young  yet shows the world  Such high achievements cannot be controlled","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6125,"EventTxt":"He added a little latter  With father s fate and gravity renowned  Thou fighting shalt with victory be crowned  Such expectation doth thy name obtain  Though now of young  a prince of old thou let reign","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6126,"EventTxt":"Ovid was a very good prophet in trying to predict the outcome of this expedition  He recorded Caius  age correctly  His father Augustus was nineteen years old when he gathered his army as it has been shown before from the Ancyran Marble  Caius just turned nineteen  when he prepared for the Armenian and Parthian war  He was a commander in war just at the same age that his father had been","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6127,"EventTxt":"The Emperor Augustus sent ahead Dionysius who was a most excellent geographer into the east to note the geography of the land for his older son who was to go into Armenia  Pliny records information about Parthia and Arabia    Pliny        c              We do not know whether it was that famous Dionysius whose records of geography are extant in Greek poetry or Dionysius  the son of Diogenes  of whom Marcianus Heracleota in his first book of journeys stated that he measured the dimension of the earth","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6128,"EventTxt":"Caius Caesar was assigned Armenia for his province   Tacitus  Annals        c           c      He was sent into Syria     Velleius Paterculus        c          He was made the governor of the east   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      He was sent by Augustus to order the provinces of Egypt and Syria   Orosius        c       Pliny cites the letters of King Juba written to the same Caius concerning the expedition into Arabia   Pliny        c           Caius had only seen Arabia but never made any expedition there   Pliny        c","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6129,"EventTxt":"As soon as Phraates  the king of the Parthians  heard of the war preparations that Caius made against the barbarians  he sent an apology for those things that were done and desired peace  Caesar replied by letters and ordered him to leave Armenia  Tigranes  at that time  sent no embassy to him   Dio  in Excerptis  ab Ursin  edit  legat","YearBCAD":-2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4712,"Dating":"4003a AM, 4712 JP, 2 BC"}
{"Index":6130,"EventTxt":"When the time of his tribuneship was over  Tiberius finally confessed that he went into his retirement only to avoid all suspicion of envy between himself and Caius and Lucius  There was no danger concerning that now because they were grown men and next in authority to the emperor  Tiberius requested that Augustus would give him permission to see again his relatives whom he had a great desire to see  This was not granted and he was warned that he should forget about those whom he so willingly left    Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6131,"EventTxt":"Therefore Tiberius stayed at Rhodes against his will  He was not able to obtain that through his mother s request that he should remain there as a lieutenant to Augustus to cover his ignominy  He only lived as a private citizen and was in danger and fear  He hid in the middle of the island to avoid seeing those who sailed by   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6132,"EventTxt":"When Caius went to the Armenian war  Tiberius crossed over to Chios to present his service to him  He removed all suspicions about himself and was very humble to Caius and to his followers   Xyphiline  ex Dio   Zonaras  ex Dio  Although Velleius flattered Tiberius  as he did always and wrote that Caius gave all honour to Tiberius as his superior   Velleius Paterculus        c             Suetonius wrote that Tiberius went not to Chios  but Samos  to see his son in law  Caius  He was poorly received through the false accusations of Marcus Lollius   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6133,"EventTxt":"Tiberius came also into suspicion through gifts he gave to some centurions       They went from meeting him to the camp again and seemed to have given dubious commands to many which might tempt them to a revolt  When Augustus knew of this suspicion  Tiberius continually desired that Augustus would send one to him of any rank to be a witness to his words and deeds  He stopped his usual riding and his other martial exercises  He went in his coat and shoes and laid aside his country living  In that fashion he lived at Rhodes for the next two years and every day he was more despised and hated   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6134,"EventTxt":"Caius passed through Judea and scorned to worship at Jerusalem  As soon as Augustus knew this  he highly commended him for this   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Orosius        c       Orosius added that Caius came from Egypt and passed by the borders of Palestine","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6135,"EventTxt":"Zonaras  Zonaras  ex Dio  stated that Caius came from there into Syria and did nothing praiseworthy  Velleius Paterculus stated that he behaved himself with such versatility that there was much he could be praised for as well as critical of   Velleius Paterculus        c      Through the greatness and majesty of the Roman name  he settled all things   Sextus Rufus  in Breviary","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6136,"EventTxt":"When Quirinus returned to Rome  he married that generous woman Lepida  who was intended for sometime to be the wife for Lucius       She was the daughter in law to Augustus  After twenty years when C  Marcus Valerius Messala and Marcus Aurelius Cotta were consuls in   AD  he divorced her and accused her of trying to poison him    Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6137,"EventTxt":"When Augustus wrote the letters to Phraates  he did not call him king  Phraates was not intimidated but proudly wrote back again and called himself king  and called Augustus nothing but Caesar   Dio  in Xephiline   Legat     Ursin  deit   When he knew that Caius came into Syria  Phraates suspected that his subjects would not be quiet because they hated him  Hence he made a peace with Caius on this condition that he would lay aside all claims to Armenia   Xyphiline  ex Dio  From this we read   Eutropius          Augustus received Armenia from the Parthians","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6138,"EventTxt":"We read also  Eusebius  Chronicle  that Caius Caesar made peace with the Parthians","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6139,"EventTxt":"When Artabazes or Artavasdes had died of a disease  Tigranes sent presents to Augustus for joy that his enemy was gone  He did not address himself as king and begged the kingdom of him  Augustus was troubled by these things and feared a Parthian war  He accepted his presents and offered him some hope if he went to Syria  He said  vv The Armenians who were then stronger than the Parthians  are subdued by Caius  The Armenians allied themselves with the Parthians and are easily overcome by Caius Augustus  The Armenians thought it better to be reconciled to the friendship of the Romans and to live in their own country than to join with the Parthians and loose their country and have the hostility of the Romans","YearBCAD":-1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4003,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4713,"Dating":"4003b AM, 4713 JP, 1 BC"}
{"Index":6140,"EventTxt":"This is the first year of the common Christian account of which we now calculate to be    when Ussher wrote this paragraph   Caius Caesar was now twenty years old and this was five years after he was brought into the forum  He was consul in the east  as Pighius showed from a marble table of Naples and Anagna   Pighius  Annals","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4004,"JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4004 AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6141,"EventTxt":"Also this year  Tiberius lived at Rhodes as a banished man  under the pretence of leading a anxious life  for thus Tacitus rightly terms it   Tacitus  Annals        c      Thereupon when his name was mentioned in a banquet  a man promised Caius  that if he would allow him  he would sail immediately to Rhodes and bring him the head of that banished man  Tiberius was compelled more from danger than fear to desire his return by his own and his mother s  of Livia  most earnest requests  However  Augustus was determined to do nothing concerning this matter except what pleased Caius   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4004,"JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4004 AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6142,"EventTxt":"After his climax year is past  Augustus celebrated his  th birthday  On October  rd   th calends   he wrote this letter to Caius  VV A  hail my Caius  my best delight whom in good faith I always desire when you are from me but especially on such days as this is  My eyes always long for Caius  whom wherever you are  I hope that you are merry and in health and celebrated my  th birthday  For you have seen that we have past the  rd  the common climax of all old men  I pray the gods that for the rest of my life that remaines  I may lead it in an happy estate for the government and that you are healthy and behaving yourself like a man and will succeed in my place","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4004,"JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4004 AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6143,"EventTxt":"This is from a book of the letters of Augustus to Caius that Aulius Gellius has preserved   Aulius Gellius  Noctibus Atticis        c","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4004,"JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4004 AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6144,"EventTxt":"Caius went to a conference with the king of the Parthians on an island in the Euphrates River  Each side had an equal sized retinue  The Roman and the Parthian army faced each other on either side of the river  First the Parthians was feasted by Caius on the Roman side and then Caius by the Parthians on the Parthian side  Velleius Paterculus witnessed this event  He was paymaster for the troops since he was a tribune for the soldiers   Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4005a AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6145,"EventTxt":"At that time  the Parthians told Caius Caesar of the perfidious  subtle and cunning councils of Marcus Lollius   Velleius Paterculus        c          He was notorious for taking bribes from the kings and for robbing all the countries of the east  Caius excluded him from his friends although his own wife  the daughter or niece of this Lollius  was said to have been given a gown by Lollius that was covered with pearls and valued at       sesterniums   Some say this was a third of a million pounds of gold     Pliny        c           Solinus  c      The more Caius was offended with Lollius  the more he showed himself gentle and kind to his father in law  Tiberius   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4005a AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6146,"EventTxt":"Velleius did not know if the death of Lollius which happened a few days later was accidental or a suicide  Pliny and Solinus stated that he died by taking poison  Velleius stated that all men rejoiced as heartily over this man s death as the city mourned the death of Censorinus  He died a little later in that province and was very well liked by everyone   Velleius Paterculus        c             It seems that Caius Marcius was this Censorinus who represented the Jews of Cyrene and of Asia to Augustus   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":1,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4714,"Dating":"4005a AM, 4714 JP, 1 AD"}
{"Index":6147,"EventTxt":"Quirinius was made adviser to Caius Caesar to replace Lollius who served Tiberius when he lived at Rhodes  Tiberius acknowledged this in the senate after the death of Lollius      and commended the services of Quirinius to Caius  He accused Lollius as the author of the ill will and differences between him and Caius Caesar   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6148,"EventTxt":"With Caius  consent  Tiberius was recalled but on the condition  that he should hold no office in the government   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6149,"EventTxt":"Tiberius was very skilful in astrology  He had Thrasyllus  a mathematician with him  who saw a ship sailing toward them in the distance which brought the news from Livia and Augustus of his return from exile  Tiberius said he was happy when in fact these things had recently happened to him before Thrasillus  predictions  Tiberius had intended at that very time as they walked together to throw him headlong into the sea since he was not honest with him and knew his secrets   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Xyphiline  ex Dio","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6150,"EventTxt":"Tiberius had stayed seven years at Rhodes  In the eighth year after his departure  he returned into his country when Publius Vineius was consul and Lucius and Caius were still alive   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c        Velleius Paterculus        c         c          When he returned to Rome  his son Drusus was in the forum  Tiberius presently went from Pompey s house in the street Carinae to Mecaenas  his gardens in Esquiliae  He wholly gave himself to ease  doing some private entertaining but did not meddle with the government   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6151,"EventTxt":"As Lucius was about to go to the armies in Spain  he died at Marseilles of a sudden death  who was not famous for anything  twenty two months before his brother Caius  death      Floras               Velleius Paterculus        c           Tacitus  Annals        c       Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Zonaras  ex Dio","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6152,"EventTxt":"After Lucius  death  Augustus would have adopted Tiberius but he vehemently refused it for he feared the envy of Caius    Velleius Paterculus        c","YearBCAD":2,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4005,"JulPer":4715,"Dating":"4005 AM, 4715 JP, 2 AD"}
{"Index":6153,"EventTxt":"Caius entered into Armenia and at first had good success  A little later Addo or Adduus   he was called also Ador by Strabo  the governor of Artagera  persuaded the citadel to revolt  He enticed Caius to the wall  as though he would tell him some secret business  and wounded him  Caesar s captains took the citadel by continual assault and dismantled it      Velleius Paterculius        c            Strabo              Zonaras  ex Dio","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6154,"EventTxt":"In Floras   Floras             this story is thus related  Dones or Domitus whom the king had made governor of Artaxatis or Artagerae pretended to betray the king  He wounded Caius as he was looking over a scroll which he had given him that contained a record of the treasures  Caius was indeed wounded  but in a short time recovered from his wound  The barbarians were attacked on every side by the army with the swords  Domitus was wounded and hurled himself upon a burning pyre  Thus he made atonement with his life to Caesar who outlived him  Sextus Rufus also followed Floras in his breviary   Sextus  in Breviary   However he relates this as it had been concerning the Parthians and not concerning the Armenians  He without any reason adds  vv The Parthians to give satisfaction for such a bold attempt  first gave hostages to Octavian Caesar and restored the ensigns that were taken away under Crassus","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6155,"EventTxt":"This is the account of all those things to this history of Caius  incorrectly called Claudius  both here and by Jornandes  and in that writing of the Latins  that Georgius Syncellus transferred into his Greek Chronicle  which Suetonius  Suetonius  Octavian  c      had written about the Parthians  He confuses the two accounts and combines them into one  vv The Parthians easily yielded up Armenia to  Octavian  who claimed it  They restored the military ensigns to him that he demanded which were taken from M  Crassus and M  Antony  Moreover  they offered hostages","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6156,"EventTxt":"Caius made Ariobarzanes governor over the Armenians at their request  He was a Mede and was very handsome and intelligent   Tacitus  Annals","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6157,"EventTxt":"Caius was less useful because of his wound and he was less energetic and his mind was less profitable to the state  He never lacked the company of men who by their flattery fomented his vices  By this it happened that he would rather spend all his time in any corner of the world than to return to Rome  He became less astute through sickness and more retiring and he desired that he might live a private life  Augustus was grieved by this and advised him that he should return into Italy He sailed to Lycia and died of sickness in the city Limyra    Velleius Paterculus        c          Tacitus notes that he died as he came from Armenia and was sick from his wound   Tacitus  Annals       c       Sextus Rufus affirmed that he died from his wound after he returned to Syria  Suetonius confirmed that he died in Lycia as does also Dio and Velleius  who was a tribune of soldiers and then served under Caius    Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6158,"EventTxt":"Augustus was very grieved by the death of Caius  In his letters  he complained to Asinius Pollio who was his dear friend when eating a large supper when his grief was too fresh and great  Pollio wrote back  VV I supped after the same fashion when I lost my son Aterius  Would any exact more grief from a friend than from a father","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6159,"EventTxt":"Marcus Seneca relates this in the poem of the  th book of his controversies    Seneca  Controversiae Suasoriae","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6160,"EventTxt":"The bodies of Caius and Lucius were brought to Rome by the captains  armies and commanders of every city  The golden  or silver  shields and spears which they received from the equestrians when they came to manhood  were hung up in the senate house   Xyphiline  ex Dio  Although Bellonius related in the second book of his observations that the epitaph of G  Caesar may be seen at Hama or Emesa in Syria  However  his bones were buried at Rome as this epitaph showed which is seen before the temple of the gods behind the temple of Minerva  OSS A C  CAESAR IS AVGVSTIF  PRINCIPIS JUVENTUTIS  This means the bones of G  Caesar the son of Augustus  prince of youth   Grater  Inscriptions  p         There was a suspicion that both these brothers were taken out of the way by the deceit of their stepmother Li via  to make way for her son  Tiberius for the empire   Tacitus  Annals        c       Zonaras  ex Dio","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6161,"EventTxt":"Augustus was made a god by the people  He did not approve and forbid it by an edict   Xyphiline  ex Dio   Zonaras  ex Dio   Suetonius  in Octavian  c","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4006,"JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4006 AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6162,"EventTxt":"After the thirteen years of his government had expired  he took upon himself the empire for another ten years  He did this as if it were upon compulsion  He had now become more mild and was loath to exasperate the senators and would not offend anyone any more   Xyphiline  ex Dio","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4007a AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6163,"EventTxt":"Augustus made Tiberius Nero his partner in the tribuneship  Tiberius eagerly refused both privately and in the senate   Velleius Paterculus        c          Suetonius stated that the tribuneship was given to him for five years  Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      and Dio said for ten years   Dio","YearBCAD":3,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4716,"Dating":"4007a AM, 4716 JP, 3 AD"}
{"Index":6164,"EventTxt":"The Julian calender was now correct  The third intercalary day which was superfluous and added by the carelessness of the Roman priests  was omitted this year in the month of February  Later Augustus  who was the high priest  ordered that one day in the beginning of every fifth year should be intercalated according to the edict of Caesar  To ensure the perpetual keeping of this order  he ordered that it should be engraved in a brass table   Macrobius  Saturnal     I e     fin    From the institution the records of all times after this are calculated    Solinus  c       It was no marvel  for it was constantly observed after this until the change of the calender made by Pope Gregory  th in the year    Yet lest the fairs that were kept by the Romans at the beginning of every ninth day  should fall on the first of January  one day was added often at the end of the previous year and was removed again in the following year  This would keep the time in agreement with Julius Caesar s edicts   Dio        p       Dio       p","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6165,"EventTxt":"After five years Augustus brought his daughter Julia from the island to the continent and gave her some more gentle conditions of exile  However  he could not bring himself to recall her altogether  When the Roman people intreated him for her and were very urgent with him  he used this curse publicly on them that they should have such daughters and such wives   Suetonius  Octavian  c","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6166,"EventTxt":"When Aelius Catus and Sentius  Saturninus  were consuls on June  th   th calends of July   Augustus adopted Tiberius Nero   Velleius Paterculus        c          He swore before the people that he adopted him for the commonwealth s sake   Velleius Paterculus        c           Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      Marcus Agrippa  the brother of Caius and Lucius was adopted the same day whom Julia bore after the death of Agrippa   Velleius Paterculus        c           Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      Augustus feared lest Tiberius should grow proud and make a rebellion  Before he adopted him  he made Tiberius adopt Germanicus  the son of his brother Drusus  although Tiberius had a son of his own    Dio              Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6167,"EventTxt":"Immediately after his adoption  Tiberius was sent into Germany  with whom Paterculus went and served as a colonel of the cavalry  He was an eye witness of all that Tiberius did for nine years     Velleius Paterculus  c","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6168,"EventTxt":"When Tiberius was sent into Germany  the ambassadors of the Parthians  came with their embassy to Rome  They were ordered to go into the province to him   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      There were many contending for the Parthian kingdom and ambassadors came from the noblemen of Parthia and desired to have a king of one of the three sons of Phraates who remained as hostages at Rome  Vonones was preferred before his other brothers and was helped by Caesar  He was joyfully received by the Parthians for some time   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6169,"EventTxt":"Augustus accepted the proconsular power so that he might raise a tax in Italy     Dio","YearBCAD":4,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4007,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4717,"Dating":"4007b AM, 4717 JP, 4 AD"}
{"Index":6170,"EventTxt":"The sun was partially eclipsed    Dio              on March   about five o clock in the afternoon according to the astronomical tables","YearBCAD":5,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4008,"JulPer":4718,"Dating":"4008 AM, 4718 JP, 5 AD"}
{"Index":6171,"EventTxt":"Toga Virilis which was the gown that the Roman men wore at age    was given to Marcus Agrippa Posthumous   e g  born after the death of his father  who had never had those honours that his brothers  Caius and Lucius  had     Dio","YearBCAD":5,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4008,"JulPer":4718,"Dating":"4008 AM, 4718 JP, 5 AD"}
{"Index":6172,"EventTxt":"The rulers of the Jews as well as of the Samaritans could no longer put up with the tyranny of Archelaus and accused him to Caesar  They knew that he had acted contrary to Caesar s command by whom he was commanded to govern his subjects with justice and equity  When Caesar heard this  he was very angry and sent for his agent who lived at Rome  He did not write anything to Archelaus but ordered his agent to go to Judea and immediately to bring his master to him   Josephus  Wars        c       Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c          >","YearBCAD":6,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4009,"JulPer":4719,"Dating":"4009 AM, 4719 JP, 6 AD"}
{"Index":6173,"EventTxt":"Archelaus claimed to have had a dream foretelling this misfortune  He saw nine ears of grain which were eaten up by oxen  Simon  an Essean  interpreted those ears to be nine years of his kingdom and said that now the end of his government was at hand  The fifth day after this  the agent of Archelaus is said to have come to Judea  He found Archelaus banqueting with his friends and told him Caesar s pleasure was that he must come and answer the accusations   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":6,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4009,"JulPer":4719,"Dating":"4009 AM, 4719 JP, 6 AD"}
{"Index":6174,"EventTxt":"About our November  on the seventh day of the Jewish month Cisleu  began the tenth year of the reign of Archelaus   What Augustus called an ethnarchy the Jews called a kingdom   Joseph the priest had a son named Matthias  in the tenth year of the reign of Archelaus as it is in the public registers  Flavius Josephus  the historian  was the son of this Matthias   Josephus  Life       For this very reason  Josephus thought it best to change what he had written formerly in his books of the wars of the Jews about the nine years of Archelaus  In his books of antiquities he substituted in the ten years in his kingdom and ten ears in the dream  No such amendment was needed  He only reigned a few days in his tenth year of his ethnarchy or kingdom  He was sent into banishment at the end of that year when M  Aemilius Lepidus and L  Aruntius were consuls  Under their consulship  vv Herod of Palestine  who was indeed none other than this Archelaus  was accused by his countrymen and was banished beyond the Alps and his government was confiscated     Dio","YearBCAD":6,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4719,"Dating":"4010a AM, 4719 JP, 6 AD"}
{"Index":6175,"EventTxt":"When Caesar heard the accusations and the defence of Archelaus  he banished him to Vienna of France and confiscated his country and his treasure   Josephus  Wars        c        Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >  This is that son of Herod  whom Strabo noted to have lived in exile among the Allobroges of France    Strabo","YearBCAD":6,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4719,"Dating":"4010a AM, 4719 JP, 6 AD"}
{"Index":6176,"EventTxt":"Augustus proscribed his only nephew Marcus Agrippa who was born after the death of his father  He was ignorant and foolishly fierce from a pride of his strength  He was found innocent but Augustus confiscated all his goods into the military treasury and banished him to Planasia  an island near Corsica   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6177,"EventTxt":"The government of Archelaus  that is  Judea   containing the tribe of Judah and Benjamin  Samaria and Idumea  was organised into a province and annexed to Syria  Quirinius was sent by Caesar  to be the governor of Syria so that he might tax both it and all Syria  He was sent to evaluate the wealth of the Jewish estates and to sell Archelaus  property and bring its money into his own country   Josephus  Antiq        c  fin       c     <c          >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6178,"EventTxt":"Although the Jews could barely tolerate even the mention of a tax  however  Joazar the son of Boethus the high priest convinced them  He was either restored by Archelaus or else took the priesthood again in his absence  Without much opposition  they allowed themselves to be taxed   Josephus  Antiq        c     <   >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6179,"EventTxt":"At the time of this taxing  Judas a Galilean arose and drew away many people after him  After he died  all that followed him were dispersed according to Gamaliel   Ac      Josephus calls him a Gaulonite   Josephus  Antiq        c     <   >  He was born in the town of Gamala but in another place Josephus agrees with Gamaliel and he calls him a Galilean and wrote that he instigated the people to revolt from the Romans when Quirinius taxed Judea   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >      c     <c        >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6180,"EventTxt":"Sadduc  a Pharisee was his associate and tried to stir up the people to rebel  He said that this taxing was nothing else but an obvious sign of their servitude  He exhorted all the country to stand for their liberty and gave them the hope that by this they should better enjoy their lives  They would be confirmed in the possession of their estates and would be considered valiant  They could not expect any help from God if they did not help themselves  The people readily received these speeches and were encouraged to do something  These men troubled the country for they filled all places with murders and robberies  They plundered without any respect of friend or foe and murdered many noble personages  All this was done under the pretext of defending the public liberty but indeed it was for their private profit  Judas and Sadduc were the instigators of all these calamities and the example for all who were desirous of seditions  This not only disturbed the country now but were the seeds of all the future calamities   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6181,"EventTxt":"To the three ancient sects of the Jews   that is the Pharisees  Sadducees and Essenes   Judas the Galilean founded a fourth one  Its followers agreed with the Pharisees and affirmed that God only is to be accounted Lord and master of all  They would more easily endure any most horrible torture together with their friends and children than call any mortal man  Lord   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6182,"EventTxt":"Quirinius sold and confiscated Archelaus  goods and went through the land with the tax   This happened in the  th year after the victory at Actium beginning in September of the previous year   There was a sedition of the common people made against Joazar the high priest  Quirinius removed him from his office and substituted Ananus  or Annas  the son of Seth in his place   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6183,"EventTxt":"Quirinius was accompanied by Coponius  who was of the equestrian order and Coponius was sent by Augustus to be the first governor of Judea  after it was organised into a province   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >   Josephus  Wars        c      The term of the governors seems always to have expired after three years","YearBCAD":7,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4010,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4720,"Dating":"4010b AM, 4720 JP, 7 AD"}
{"Index":6184,"EventTxt":"When Coponius was governor of Judea  in the passover of this or the following year  the priests  as it was the custom always at this feast  had opened the gates of the temple about midnight  Certain Samaritans secretly entered Jerusalem and scattered men s bones amidst the porch and over all the temple  After this  the priests watched the temple much more diligently than before   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c      >","YearBCAD":8,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4011,"JulPer":4721,"Dating":"4011 AM, 4721 JP, 8 AD"}
{"Index":6185,"EventTxt":"At the passover of this year  Christ in the twelfth year of his age was brought to Jerusalem by Joseph and Mary  After the seven days of unleavened bread were over  his parents returned home and he stayed behind  They did not know where he was and looked for him for three days  They found him in the temple  sitting in the midst of the teachers  He was listening to them and asking them questions  All who heard him  were astonished at his understanding and answers","YearBCAD":8,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 2:41-47","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4011,"JulPer":4721,"Dating":"4011 AM, 4721 JP, 8 AD"}
{"Index":6186,"EventTxt":"Jesus went down with his parents to Nazareth and was obedient to them   Lu       He followed his father s trade as a carpenter and ate his bread by the sweat of his brow  From this  his fellow citizens of Nazareth stated  Is not this the carpenter  the son of Mary   Mr","YearBCAD":8,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4011,"JulPer":4721,"Dating":"4011 AM, 4721 JP, 8 AD"}
{"Index":6187,"EventTxt":"Ovid was banished to Tomas in Pontus because  he saw some dishonest act of Augustus which he did not want to be seen  About this misfortune  we read him complaining     Ovid  Tristia             Why saw I ought  Why did I guilty make My eyes  This sin why did I  wretch  partake","YearBCAD":9,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4012,"JulPer":4722,"Dating":"4012 AM, 4722 JP, 9 AD"}
{"Index":6188,"EventTxt":"He was exiled also for his love of books he himself confirms and is recorded by Sidonius Apollinaris and others     Ovid  Tristia              We have shown before  that he was born in the consulship of Hirtius and Pansa  and was at this time fifty one years old but the current year was not complete  The poet records his age    Ovid  Tristia        e          When twice five times with olive girt the knight  Had bore away the prize  his virtues right  When by my princes rage I had command Of the Euxine Tomitae to seek the land","YearBCAD":9,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4012,"JulPer":4722,"Dating":"4012 AM, 4722 JP, 9 AD"}
{"Index":6189,"EventTxt":"That is  as it is more clearly expressed by him  in his book in Iben   he wrote against his accusers when he first arrived at Tomos     Ovid  Tristia        e          When to this time ten lustrals I had seen","YearBCAD":9,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4012,"JulPer":4722,"Dating":"4012 AM, 4722 JP, 9 AD"}
{"Index":6190,"EventTxt":"For he did not confuse the Olympiads which were every four years with the lustrals of the Romans which were every five years","YearBCAD":9,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4012,"JulPer":4722,"Dating":"4012 AM, 4722 JP, 9 AD"}
{"Index":6191,"EventTxt":"Ovid signified this that he had passed the first winter in Pontus  and with that the first year of his banishment   for he had spent the former winter on his journey      Ovid  Tristia        e          Now zephyr tames the cold  the years run round  A longer winter the Maeotae found  The sign in Aries  the night did make Her equal hours with the day partake","YearBCAD":10,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4013,"JulPer":4723,"Dating":"4013 AM, 4723 JP, 10 AD"}
{"Index":6192,"EventTxt":"He noted the second year of his banishment   Ovid  Tristia        e      Since I my country left the barns twice filled And presses  grain and wine did to them yield","YearBCAD":10,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4013,"JulPer":4723,"Dating":"4013 AM, 4723 JP, 10 AD"}
{"Index":6193,"EventTxt":"Marcus Ambivius was sent by Augustus  as the second governor into Judea  During his stay  Salome died who was the sister of Herod  She bequeathed to Julia  Livia  Augustus  wife  Jamnia  with its government  Phasealis which was located in the plain and Archelaus which was very well planted with date palm trees which is a most excellent fruit    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":10,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4013,"JulPer":4723,"Dating":"4013 AM, 4723 JP, 10 AD"}
{"Index":6194,"EventTxt":"Ovid recalls the beginning of his third winter that he spent in Pontus     Ovid  Tristia        e          Since I to Pontus came thrice Ister stood With frost  and thrice lay glazed the Euxine flood","YearBCAD":12,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4015,"JulPer":4725,"Dating":"4015 AM, 4725 JP, 12 AD"}
{"Index":6195,"EventTxt":"The senate and people of Rome  at Augustus  request  made a decree that Tiberius might have the same power in all the provinces and armies as he himself had      Velleius Paterculus        c          Suetonius stated that this law was propounded by the consuls  Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      that Tiberius should govern the provinces in common with Augustus  Germanicus was consul all that year  whom the aged Augustus used to commend in writing to the senate just as the senate itself did also commend him to Tiberius    Dio             It was no wonder that the senate should receive the commendation from Augustus  vv to his son his colleague of the empire and partner in the tribuneship","YearBCAD":12,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4015,"JulPer":4725,"Dating":"4015 AM, 4725 JP, 12 AD"}
{"Index":6196,"EventTxt":"as Tacitus stated   Tacius  Annals        c      Tiberius was also made censor and he committed the care of the city to Lucius Piso because he had continued two days and two nights in drinking with him since Tiberius was now made a prince      Pliny        c           Tacitus confirmed that Piso was the prefect of the city for twenty years and did his job well  He died when Domitius Aenobarbus and Aulus Vitellius were consuls in   A  D  and was honoured with a public funeral   Tacitus  Annals        c      From this it is gathered that Tiberius was now prince or viceroy in   A  D  two whole years before Augustus  death  Therefore there must be a distinction noted between the beginning of Tiberius  first being a prince or viceroy and his later becoming emperor","YearBCAD":12,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4015,"JulPer":4725,"Dating":"4015 AM, 4725 JP, 12 AD"}
{"Index":6197,"EventTxt":"Ovid noted his fourth winter which he lived in exile     Ovid  Pontus     I e     ad Maximus       Here the fourth winter wearied me doth hold  Resisting adverse fate  weapons  sharp cold","YearBCAD":13,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4016,"JulPer":4726,"Dating":"4016 AM, 4726 JP, 13 AD"}
{"Index":6198,"EventTxt":"Annius Rufus was sent as the third governor to Judea by Augustus     Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":13,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4016,"JulPer":4726,"Dating":"4016 AM, 4726 JP, 13 AD"}
{"Index":6199,"EventTxt":"When Lucius Munacius and Caius Silius were consuls  the fourth ten year term of Augustus  empire was about to expire  Against his will  he accepted the government of the state for another ten years and continued Tiberius  tribuneship    Dio","YearBCAD":13,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4726,"Dating":"4017a AM, 4726 JP, 13 AD"}
{"Index":6200,"EventTxt":"When Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Apuleius were consuls  Augustus wrote in a breviary of his acts which was engraved in marble of Ancira that he with his colleague Tiberius  numbered the people of Rome for the third time  In this census  the Roman citizens totalled         Grater  Inscriptions  p     Eusebius  Eusebius  Chronicle  is incorrect where he said that there were numbered        Jornandes followed Eusebius in this error in his book  Jornandes  Succession of Kingdoms and Times  and gave and even larger number  He added that Augustus had    commanded all the world to be numbered since there was peace at the birth of Jesus Christ","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6201,"EventTxt":"Both he and Eusebius in that place conjecture that the birth of the Lord happened in the  nd year of Augustus  empire","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6202,"EventTxt":"When Augustus made this great muster in Mars field  there were a number of people there  An eagle often fluttered about Augustus and then went and sat on a nearby temple on the first letter of Agrippa s name  When Augustus saw this  he commanded his colleague Tiberius to make those vows that were usually made for the next year  For although all things were ready for the solemnities of those vows  yet he refused to make those vows which he should not live to perform        Suetonius  Octavian  c","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6203,"EventTxt":"About the same time the first letter of his name  that was on the inscription of his statue which was set in the capital  fell down after it was struck with a flash of lightning  The soothsayers said that he would live only an hundred days after that because the letter C denoted   in Roman numerals  Also he should be canonized as a god  because AESAR  which was the rest of his name  in the Etruscan language  meant a god    Dio              Suetonius  Octavian  c","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6204,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile  Augustus wrote a summary of his doings which he wanted to have engraved in tables of brass and placed over his tomb   Suetonius  in Octavian  c  ult     Dio              An example of this which was written in the marble of Ancyra  so often mentioned by us  in which that former census that he took so recently was described","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6205,"EventTxt":"So Augustus ended his days at Nola in Campania  when those two Sexti were consuls and were named on his tomb    Velleius Paterculus        c           Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Tacitus  Annals        c             Dio             He died in the same house and chamber  where his father Octavian had died   Suetonius  in Octavian  c       Tacitus  Annals        c       on August  th  which was the same day he was first made consul   Suetonius  in Octavian  c        Dio","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6206,"EventTxt":"Tiberius did not announce the death of Augustus before he had killed Agrippa Posthumous  He replied to the captain who killed him and brought back word that he had done as Tiberius had ordered that he had not ordered it and that he should give an account of it to the senate  He was willing at the present to avoid its reproach   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio               After preparing all things according to the time  the same news came together that Augustus was dead and that Tiberius Nero was emperor   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6207,"EventTxt":"Although he had every intention of taking over the empire  yet he for a long time most imprudently refused it and held the senate in suspense  They begged him and fell on their knees to him  He replied with doubtful and delaying answers so that some upbraided him to his face for his indecision   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c        Velleius Paterculus        c             Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6208,"EventTxt":"Between this new principality  as Tacitus calls it   Tacitus  Annals        c        and the former which he had   years before Augustus  death  was this difference  The former extended only to armies and provinces of the Roman Empire but this to the head city itself in which Tiberius only had the authority of censorship and tribuneship  He had the Augustal Principality  that is  of governing after his own will and being freed from all bonds of laws  For Tiberius had not equal power with Augustus as Lucius Varus had with Antony the philosopher who governed the state with equal authority according to Spartianus   Spartianus  in Hadrian  Aelio Vero    M  Aurelio   His power was like Antoninus Pius had with Hadrian who was adopted by him and made colleague with his father in the proconsular power  in respect of the other provinces  and in the tribuneship  at home  as Julius Capitolinus stated  Thereupon Tiberius did not issue the edict by which he called the senators into the senate by the authority of his new principality but by the power of the tribuneship which he had under Augustus  However  he controlled the Praetorian cohorts as emperor   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":14,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4017,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4017b AM, 4727 JP, 14 AD"}
{"Index":6209,"EventTxt":"The legions of Pannonia rebelled and were frightened by a sudden eclipse of the moon and so submitted themselves to Tiberius   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio        p       This total eclipse happened on September  th at five hours after midnight so that the moon set even in the very eclipse","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4018a AM, 4727 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6210,"EventTxt":"Ovid   Ovid  Pontus        e          wrote about Sextus Pompeius who was consul this year and    Ovid  Pontus        e           the next poem about Brutus  in which he mentions the death both of Augustus and Fabius Maximus   It is obvious from Tacitus   Tacitus  Annals        c      that Maximus died this year under Tiberius   Ovid showed in these verses that he was more than five years into his banishment and that then he was entering the sixth   of the beginning of which we are certain   Now one quinquennial Olympiad s run  In Scythia I  and the second Lustral gun","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4018a AM, 4727 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6211,"EventTxt":"In this sixth year he remembered also    Ovid  Pontus        e          This is the sixth summer on the Cymmerian shores That I must spend amongst these Getic boors","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4727,"Dating":"4018a AM, 4727 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6212,"EventTxt":"Ovid mentioned in his eulogy to Caras of the sixth winter   from which he counts the beginning of the seventh year of his banishment     Ovid  Pontus        e          This the sixth winter  my dear friend  Must I in this cold climate spend","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4728,"Dating":"4018b AM, 4728 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6213,"EventTxt":"Where also he tells of a poem at this time written by him in the language of the Getes of the canonization of Augustus    Ovid  Pontus        e          Ah shame  in Getic language then did I Compile a book  fancy my P  Yea gloried in it  and estsoon began Amongst these barbars to be the only man","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4728,"Dating":"4018b AM, 4728 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6214,"EventTxt":"An Hebrew woman that had been bound by Satan eighteen years from this date  was restored by Christ to health","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 13:1-16","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4728,"Dating":"4018b AM, 4728 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6215,"EventTxt":"Valerius Gratus is sent by Tiberius as governor to Judea to replace Annius Rufus  Gratus held the government for eleven years    Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4728,"Dating":"4018b AM, 4728 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6216,"EventTxt":"When the governor of Crete died  for the rest of his term the island was committed to the charge of the quaestor and his assessor   Dio","YearBCAD":15,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4018,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4728,"Dating":"4018b AM, 4728 JP, 15 AD"}
{"Index":6217,"EventTxt":"The Armenians had received Vonones into their kingdom who was expelled from his own by the threats of Artabanus the king of the Parthians and Medes  Vonones solicited in vain for help from Tiberius through his ambassadors whom he sent to Rome  Since the most powerful of the Armenians followed the faction of Artabanus  Vonones gave up all hope of recovering the kingdom  He retired with an huge amount of treasure to Antioch and submited himself to Creticus Silanus  the governor of Syria  Because Vonones was educated at Rome  the governor kept him with him in Syria and set a guard over him but allowed him to maintain the pomp and name of a king  Artabanus set Orodes  one of his sons  to be king over the Armenians   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c       >   Tacitus  Annals        c       Suetonius  Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":16,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4019,"JulPer":4729,"Dating":"4019 AM, 4729 JP, 16 AD"}
{"Index":6218,"EventTxt":"Ovid the poet died in banishment and was buried near the city Tomos   Jerome  Chronicles","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6219,"EventTxt":"Tiberius had Archelaus  the king of Cappadocia tricked into coming to Rome through the letters of Livia  Tiberius hated him because he had not offered him any help all the while he lived at Rhodes  She did not hide her son s displeasure with him but offered him mercy if he would come and ask for it  Archelaus did not know of the treachery or possible hostility and hurried to Rome  He was churlishly entertained and not long after he was accused of feigned crimes in the senate   Tacitus  Annals        c      He was accused as though he planned a sedition  The old king was worn out with extreme old age and gout and was believed to dote on the people  He defended himself in his letter in the senate and pretended that he was not well at that time in his mind and escaped danger for the time being     Dio               However  not long after this he died from other causes because he was tired with grief and with old age  Then Cappadocia was organised into a province and committed to the government of an equestrian    Dio              Tacitus  Annals        c       Suetonius  in Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6220,"EventTxt":"Tiberius stated that by the profits of that kingdom of Cappadocia  the tribute of one in the hundred might be stopped and appointed the tribute of one in two hundred to be raised        Tacitus  Annals        c       He ordered that its chief city called Mazaca  a most noble city  should be called Caesarea   Jerome  Chronicles","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6221,"EventTxt":"At the same time after Antiochus  the king of the Commangenes had died  there arose a contention between the nobility and the common people  The nobility desired that the kingdom should be made into a province and the common people wanted another king   Tacitus  Annals        c        Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  In similar manner also the country of the Cilicians was in a turmoil when their King Philopator died  Many wanted it to become a Roman province and many wanted a kingdom  The provinces of Syria and Judea were oppressed with taxes and made a petition that their tribute might be lessened   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6222,"EventTxt":"Tiberius discussed these things with the senate and persuaded them that these problems in the east could only be settled by the wisdom of Germanicus  Thereupon by the decree of the senate  Germanicus was given the charge of all the provinces east of Italy  This was a greater command than anyone before him had   Tacitus  Annals        c       Under the pretence of problems in the east  Tiberius intended to take him from the legions that he usually commanded and gave him charge over new provinces which exposed him more to treachery and hazards   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6223,"EventTxt":"Because the governor of Syria  Creticus Silanus was related      to Germanicus  Tiberius appointed Cn  Piso as his successor  He was a head strong and rebellious man and was well aware that he was made governor of Syria to thwart Germanicus  Some believed that he had secret orders from Tiberius to do so  Without a doubt  his wife Plancina was advised by Augusta through female jealousy to quarrel with Agrippina  the daughter of M  Agrippa  and Julia  the wife of Germanicus  Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6224,"EventTxt":"In the same year twelve famous cities of Asia were destroyed in one night by an earthquake  These were Ephesus  Magnesia  Sardis  Mosthene  Aegae  Hiero Caesarea  Philadelphia  Temnus  Cyme  Myrina  Apollonia  and Hyrcania  They stated also that huge mountains were laid flat and plains raised up into hills and fire flashed out of those ruins  The disaster was most serious among the Sardians and created much sympathy for them  Tiberius promised them       Sesterces and to release them for five year s time of all that they were to pay to the common treasury  The Magnetes near the mountain Sypilus were the next worst damaged  They were given relief from taxes for five years also as well as the Temnians  Philadelphians  Aegetians  Apollonienses  and such as are called Mosthenians  or Macedonians of Hyreania  and those who lived at Heiro Caesarea  Myrina and Cyme  Tiberius sent some of the senators to them to see the situation and help them  This charge was committed to M  Aletus who was once a praetor  If one who had been consul over Asia had been sent  there might have been some envy between equals  e g  the governor of Asia  and the business would have been hindered   Tacitus  Annals        c        Strabo                           Pliny        c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":84,"EventTxt":"Dio              Eusebius  Chronicles   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6225,"EventTxt":"For this magnificent generosity to the public  a large statue of Tiberius was erected in the forum at Rome by the temple of Venus  Each of the cities which was rebuilt  also erected a statue of Tiberius according to Phlegon Trellianus in his book of wonders stated from Apollonius the Grammarian  Scaliger also adds that there were silver medals coined to commemorate these things  On one side of the coin was the face of Tiberius and on the reverse side was the picture of Asia in a woman s clothing sitting with these words CIVITATIBUS ASIAE RESTITUTIS meaning  for the cities of Asia restored","YearBCAD":17,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4020,"JulPer":4730,"Dating":"4020 AM, 4730 JP, 17 AD"}
{"Index":6226,"EventTxt":"Germanicus was sent out to settle the affairs of the east   Suetonius  Caligula  c      He sailed into the isle Lesbos where his wife Agrippina had previously given birth to Julia  He desired to see the places of antiquity and fame  he went to the confines of Asia  Perinthus and Byzantium  cities of Thrace  Then he entered the straits of Propontis and the mouth of the Pontic Sea  Likewise he relieved the provinces which were oppressed with civil discord or oppressive magistrates  He sailed to Colophon and consulted the oracle of Clarius Apollo  The oracle told him in dark speeches  as the manner of oracles was  that his death was near   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4021,"JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4021 AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6227,"EventTxt":"Cn  Piso sailed as quickly as possible by the Cyclades and using the shortest routes by sea  he overtook Germanicus at Rhodes  Piso was saved from danger of shipwreck by Germanicus but yet was not placated  He left Germanicus and went ahead of him to Syria  When he came to the legions with gifts and bribes  he tried to win them over to him  He reached such an height of corruption that among the common people  he was called the father of the legions  Both he and his wife Plancina as well by herself were involved in this  She instigated some of the soldiers to obey her base commands and spoke disrespectfully against Agrippina and Germanicus  It was all the easier because it was secretly whispered that this was done with the emperor s consent   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4021,"JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4021 AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6228,"EventTxt":"Although Germanicus knew about those things  the affairs of Armenia required his attention first  At that time  the Armenians had expelled Vonones and had no king   This is if we can believe Tacitus for Suetonius  Suetonius  Caligula  c      stated that the king of Armenia was conquered by Germanicus  This was Orodes  the son of Artabanus  king of the Parthians  as it was stated from Josephus   The good will of the country was inclined more towards Zeno  the son of Polemon  the king of Pontus  From his childhood  he had imitated the customs and clothing of the Armenians in hunting and feasting and other exercises which were greatly esteemed by the barbarians  He had won to him the good will of the nobles and common people  Germanicus intended to make him king in the city of Artaxatis  The noble men approved of this and the multitudes flocked around him  The rest reverenced him as their king and greeted him by the name of Artaxias after the name of their city   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4021,"JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4021 AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6229,"EventTxt":"Then the Cappadocians were organised into a province and Q  Veranius was made its governor   Tacitus  Annals        c      To encourage them that the Roman government would be mild  some of the tributes that they used to pay to their kings  were reduced  Q  Servaeus was made governor over the Commagenians  This province was ruled by a praetor        Tacitus  Annals       c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4021,"JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4021 AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6230,"EventTxt":"After all the affairs of the allies were successfully settled  Germanicus was still uneasy about Piso s arrogance  Germanicus had ordered that either he himself or his son  should lead some of the legions into Armenia and neither did anything  Finally  they both met at Cyrrhum  a city of Syria  where the tenth legion wintered  In the presence of a few families  Caesar had a heated discussion with Piso and and Piso answered with a proud submission  Hence they departed with grudges against each other  After that Piso was seldom at Caesar s tribunal  and if at any time he assisted  he showed himself froward and obviously dissented from him  This speech of his was told at a banquet made by the king of the Nabateans  where large crowns of gold were given to Germanicus and Agrippina and small ones to Piso and the rest  This feast was made for the son of a Roman prince and not for the son of the Parthian king  The son threw away his crown  and spoke many things against the generosity of the host       Although Germanicus could hardly digest this  yet endured it all patiently   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4022a AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6231,"EventTxt":"Ambassadors came from Artabanus  the king of the Parthians  to Germanicus to renew the friendship and league between them  The king said that he would give so much to the honour of Germanicus that he would come to the banks of the Euphrates River  He desired in the meantime that Vonones might not stay in Syria  lest by secret messengers he might make a rebellion among the noble men of the country around there  Germanicus answered agreeably to the alliance between the Romans and the Parthians  Concerning the king s coming and the honour done to himself  he answered politely and with modesty  Vonones was moved to Pompeipolis  a sea town of Cilicia  This was not done so much at Artabanus  request  as to spite Piso to whom Vonones was most acceptable for many services and gifts which he had given to Plancina  Piso s wife   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":18,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4731,"Dating":"4022a AM, 4731 JP, 18 AD"}
{"Index":6232,"EventTxt":"When M  Silanus and L  Norbanus were consuls  Germanicus went into Egypt to learn its history but pretended a concern for the province  He opened the granaries and brought down the price of grain and did other things to win the favour of the people  He went about without soldiers  wore open shoes and dressed like a Greek  Tiberius lightly blamed him for his behaviour and apparel and sharply rebuked him that contrary to Augustus  order he had entered Alexandria without the permission of the prince  However  Germanicus did not yet know that his journey was frowned on and sailed up the Nile River starting at the town Conopus  Later he visited the great ruins of Thebes where the Egyptians  letters could still be seen in the old buildings which contained their ancient wealth  He intended to see other marvels of which the main attraction was the stone image of Memnon  When it is illuminated by the sun  it makes a sound like a man s voice  He also saw the pyramids as high as mountains built by the former kings to show their riches  He saw the impassable sands and the hand made ditches to hold the flooding of the Nile River  They were so narrow in same places and so deep in other places that the bottom could not be determined  Then he came to Elephantine and Syene  So that summer was spent by Germanicus in seeing various provinces   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6233,"EventTxt":"At the same time Vonones bribed his guards and tried by all means to escape to the Armenians and from there to the Albanians and Heniochians and to his relative  the king of Scythia  Under the pretence of going hunting  he left the seacoasts and took the byways  His fast horse brought him quickly to the Pyrimus River  whose bridges the inhabitants had broken down when they heard of the king s escape  The river was too deep to ford across  Therefore on the bank of the river  he was captured and bound by Vibius Fronto  captain of the cavalry  Then as it were through anger  he was run through by Remmius Evocatus  to whose keeping he was first committed   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6234,"EventTxt":"The daughter to Jairus  the ruler of the synagogue  was born  She was his only child and died when she was twelve years old  Christ restored her to life  During this year also  the woman became sick of the flux of blood  Twelve years later she was healed by touching the garment of Jesus   Lu       Mr","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6235,"EventTxt":"There were many vain oracles that went about as though they had been the Sibyls concerning the destruction of Rome which was to happen in the year   from its founding  Tiberius reproved them and saw all the books which contained any prophesies  He rejected some as of no importance and he received others into the number of those which were to be approved    Dio","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6236,"EventTxt":"The senate debated about elimination of the Egyptian and Jewish religion  An act was made that those who observed them must depart from Italy if within a certain day they did not stop those practices   Tacitus  Annals        c      They were compelled to burn all their religious garments with all things belonging to them   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c      This may also be what Seneca refers to   Seneca  ep      vv When I was a young man in the government of Tiberius  the foreign rites of the countries were removed  It was thought superstitious to abstain from some kinds of food","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6237,"EventTxt":"An horrible crime was committed against Paulina  a noble woman by the Egyptian religion  When it was known  Tiberius commanded the temple of Isis to be thrown down and Isis  statue to be drowned in the Tiber River    Josephus  Annals        c     <c        >  A certain imposter was the reason for the expulsion of the Jews  He fled his country for fear of being punished  according to their laws  He then lived at Rome and made himself as though he were an interpreter of Moses  law  He had also three associates like himself  A noble woman  Fulvia  embraced the Jewish religion and became their scholar  They persuaded her that she should send purple and gold to the temple of Jerusalem  When they had received this  they used it for themselves  Tiberius was informed of this by his friend Saturninus  the husband of Fulvia who complained of the wrong to his wife  Tiberius ordered all the Jews to get out of the city   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6238,"EventTxt":"The consuls enlisted   of the youth for soldiers from the Jews who were the sons of free men  They were sent into Sardinia to suppress the robbers  They thought it no great loss if they should perish through the intemperance of the air  Many who refused to be enlisted because of the religion of their country  were grievously punished  The rest of that nationality or any that followed their religion  were turned out of the city under the penalty of perpetual slavery if they did not obey   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >   Suetonius  in Tiberius  c       Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6239,"EventTxt":"Rhascupolis or Rhascoporis  the king of Thracia  killed Cotys his brother s son  who also was his partner in the kingdom  He was betrayed by Pomponius Flaccus   Ovid mentions Flaccus    Ovid  Pontus          e       as governor of Moesia   He was brought to Rome and there condemned and taken to Alexandria  He was killed as though he had made an attempt to flee from there   Tacitus  Annals       c        Velleius Paterculus        c           Suetonius  Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4022,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4022b AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6240,"EventTxt":"When Germanicus returned from Egypt  he found that everything he had ordered about the legions or cities was not done or done exactly opposite to what he ordered  Thereupon  he had very harsh words with Piso as if Piso had disobeyed the emperor directly  Hence Piso decided to leave Syria  but was then detained by reason of Germanicus  sickness  When he heard he was getting better and that the vows were to be made for his health  he thought his sergeants  drove away the beasts brought to the altar and disturbed the preparation for the sacrifices and the solemn meeting of the people of Antioch where Germanicus was   Tacitus  Annals        c      When Germanicus was sick  he used him most harshly in words and deeds without any moderation   Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6241,"EventTxt":"Then Piso went to Seleucia and expected Germanicus to become sick again   Tacitus  Annals        c       In the house where Germanicus lived  they found pieces of human bodies dug out  verses and charms  his name engraved on lead sheets  ashes half burned and mingled with corrupt blood and other sorceries  It was believed that by this the souls are dedicated to the infernal powers   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6242,"EventTxt":"Germanicus was very angry and renounced by letters Piso s friendship according to the ancient custom  Some add that he ordered him to leave the province  Piso did not stay but weighed anchor  However he sailed slowly so that he might return the sooner if news of Germanicus  death should open a way for him into Syria   Tacitus  Annals        c       Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6243,"EventTxt":"Germanicus was greatly weakened by his sickness and knew his end was near  He accused Piso and his wife Plancina and desired his friends to revenge it  He died to the great regret of the province and the neighbouring people   Tacitus  Annals        c        He died at Antioch from a disease that had no respite when he was   years old  He was suspected to have been poisoned that was given to him through the treachery of Tiberius and Piso   Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6244,"EventTxt":"The day that Germanicus died  the temples were battered with a storm of stones  altars were overturned  the household gods by some were thrown into the streets and children laid out to die  They report also that the barbarians consented to a truce for public mourning with whom there was civil war or war against the Romans  Some governors among them cut off their beards and shaved their wives  heads  as a sign of their greatest mourning  The king of kings did no hunting or feasting with the nobles  which is a kind of holiday among the Parthians   Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6245,"EventTxt":"His funeral was without any images or pomp and was solemnized with the praises and memory of his virtues  Before his body was burnt  it lay naked in the forum of Antioch where it was to be buried  It was uncertain  if he showed any signs of poison for there was a difference of opinion  Those who favoured Germanicus thought he was and those who favoured Piso did not think so   Tacitus  Annals        c       In addition to the marks which were all over his body and the froth which came from his mouth  the heart did not burn with the rest of his body  It was thought that it would not be consumed with fire if the man died from poison    Suetonius  Caligula  c       In a speech Vitellius later made  he tried to prove Piso guilty of this villainy and used this argument and publicly testified that the heart of Germanicus could not be burned because of the poison  Piso used the defence that the hearts of those who die of the disease called Cardiaca Passio cannot be burned    Pliny        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6246,"EventTxt":"Cneus Sentius was chosen as the governor for Syria  by the lieutenants and senators who were there  They sent Martina to Rome  a woman infamous in that province for poisoning but very much liked by of Piso s wife  Plancina  This was done at the request of Vitellius and Veranius who alleged crimes and accusations against them as if they were already found guilty   Tacitus  Annals        c       Although Agrippina was worn out with grief and sickness  she was impatient of anything which might hinder her revenge  She sailed with Germanicus  ashes and her children   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6247,"EventTxt":"Piso received the news of Germanicus  death at the isle of Cos and expressed his joy most intemperately  Plancina was more insolent  who then first of all stopped her mourning for the death of her sister   Tacitus  Annals        c      The centurions came flocking about him and told him that the legions were already at his command and he should return to the province which was wrongfully taken from him and now had no governor   Tacitus  Annals        c      He sent letters to Tiberius and accused Germanicus of riotousness and pride and that himself was driven out to make way for a revolt Germanicus was planning  Piso said that he had taken the charge of the army again with the same fidelity he had governed it before  He had ordered Domitius Celer with a galley to sail to Syria as quickly as possible by the open sea and avoid the longer coastal route  Piso then marshalled and armed renegades and his rascal companions  He sailed over to the continent and intercepted an ensign of new soldiers who were going to Syria  He wrote to the leaders of Cilicia to send him help   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6248,"EventTxt":"Piso and his companions sailed by the coast of Lycia and Pamphilia and met with the ships which conveyed Agrippina  They each hated one another and prepared to fight  They were equally afraid of each other and only exchanged harsh words  Marsus Vibius told Piso that he should come to Rome and answer for himself  He scoffingly replied that he would come when the praetor who was to inquire into the poisonings would appoint a day for the plaintiff and defendant   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6249,"EventTxt":"In the meanwhile  Domitius went to Laodicea  a city of Syria  and came to the winter quarters of the sixth legion  It was the best one to corrupt but he was prevented from this by the lieutenant Pucureius  Sentius warned Piso by letters that he should not go about to corrupt the army nor raise any war in the province  He immediately marched with a strong force and was ready to fight   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6250,"EventTxt":"Piso seized the strong citadel of Celenderis in Cilicia  He had intermixed the renegades and the new soldiers that he had intercepted  with his own troops  Plancina s slaves      and the forces which the leaders of the Cilicians had sent him  He marshalled them into the form of a legion and then he drew out his companies before the citadel walls on a steep and craggy hill  All the other sides were surrounded by the sea  When the Roman cohorts came  the Cilicians fled and the Romans occupied the citadel   Tacitus  Annals        c            In the meantime  Piso tried in vain to attack the navy that was not far off  He then returned to the citadel again  He tormented himself on the walls and called every soldier by name  He offered bribes and tried to raise a rebellion  He succeeded so well that the standard bearer of the sixth legion defected to him with his ensign  Then Sentius commanded the cornets and trumpets to sound and made an assault on the rampart  He raised the ladders and ordered the ablest men to follow him and others to shoot from engines  arrows  stones and firebrands  In the end  Piso was overcome and entreated that since he had laid down his arms he wanted to stay in the citadel until Caesar was consulted as to who should be the governor of Syria  These conditions were rejected and nothing was granted to him except naval escort and safe conduct to Rome   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6252,"EventTxt":"When the rumour of Germanicus spread  it was exaggerated by the distance it travelled to Rome  The people were deeply grieved by his death  Tacitus  Annals        c       as much as it pleased Tiberius and Livia    Dio        p      No consolations or edicts could restrain the public mourning which lasted all the festival days of the month of December    Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6253,"EventTxt":"Germanicus was decreed every honour which love or imagination could conceive  Arches were erected at Rome and on the bank of the Rhine River  On the Amanus mountain in Syria  an inscription was placed of what he had done and that he died for the country  A sepulchre at Antioch was made for his burial  A funeral monument was made at Epidaphne where he died   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6254,"EventTxt":"Although it was winter  Agrippina still continued her voyage by sea and arrived at the island Corcyra opposite the coast of Calabria  She rested a few days to settle her mind and then sailed to Brundusium  After she landed with her two children and held the funeral urn in her hand  there was a general mourning among them all   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":19,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4732,"Dating":"4023a AM, 4732 JP, 19 AD"}
{"Index":6255,"EventTxt":"Drusius  the son of Tiberius  went as far as Tarracina to meet her with Germanicus  brother Claudius and the children of Germanicus who had remained in the city  The new consuls M  Valerius and M  Aurelius  the senate  and a large number of the people lined the way   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":20,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4733,"Dating":"4023b AM, 4733 JP, 20 AD"}
{"Index":6256,"EventTxt":"The day that the remains of Germanicus were placed in Augustus  tomb in Campus Martius  there was a desolate silence that was sometimes broken by their weeping  Everyone honoured Germanicus and had great sympathy for his widow  Agrippina and railed against Tiberius   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":20,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4733,"Dating":"4023b AM, 4733 JP, 20 AD"}
{"Index":6257,"EventTxt":"When Piso came to Rome  he landed at Caesar s tomb  That day  the shore was full of people  Piso with a large company of followers after him and Plancina with a number of women in her train went ashore  They both looked very cheerfully and solemnizing their happy return in an house that overlooked into the forum which was decked out for feasts and banquets   Tacitus  Annals        c       The next day Fulcinius Tiro accused Piso before the consuls  Tiberius referred the whole case to the senate   Tacitus  Annals        c      The day the senate met Drusius  Tiberius made a prepared speech and tried to accommodate and moderate the defendant s offence   Tacitus  Annals        c      The accusers were given two days to bring in their accusations and after six day s time  the defendant had three days to answer for himself   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":20,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4733,"Dating":"4023b AM, 4733 JP, 20 AD"}
{"Index":6258,"EventTxt":"As the case was pleaded  the outcry of the people could be heard before the court  They said they would tear him in pieces if the senate found him innocent  They had dragged his images into the Gemonian Steps and began to break them in pieces   These steps descended from the capital to the forum and were used to expose the bodies of executed criminals   However  by Tiberius  orders they were restrained from their actions   Tacitus  Annals        c      They showed the same hatred against Plancina but she was protected by Tiberius  through the influence of his wife   Piso knew he was finished when his wife separated her defence from her husband s  Thereupon he killed himself with his own sword   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":20,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4733,"Dating":"4023b AM, 4733 JP, 20 AD"}
{"Index":6259,"EventTxt":"Suetonius writes that he was almost torn in pieces by the people and was condemned to death by the senate   Suetonius  Caligula  c      Dio related this account  For the death of Germanicus  Piso was brought into the senate by Tiberius himself  Piso desired that he might have time to defend himself and he committed suicide    Dio             Cornelius Tactius says that he had often heard from the old men   Tacitus  Annals        c      that there was often seen a little book in Piso s hand which he kept to himself  His friends said it contained Tiberius  letters and commission against Germanicus  Piso planned to disclose it to the senators and to accuse Tiberius  had he not been deluded by Tiberius  vain promises  Piso did not kill himself but someone was sent to murder him  Tacitus said  VV I will not confirm either of these things although I ought not to conceal it to have been said by those who lived until I came to a man s age   Suetonius  Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":20,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4023,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4733,"Dating":"4023b AM, 4733 JP, 20 AD"}
{"Index":6260,"EventTxt":"Licences for ordaining sanctuaries increased greatly throughout the cities of Greece  These places became havens for debtors against their creditors and those that were suspected of capital crimes  Hence the wickedness of men was protected by the ceremonies of the gods  Tiberius ordered that the cities should sent their charters and ambassadors to the senate to Rome for confirmation  The Ephesians were first heard concerning this business  Then came the Magnetians  Aphrodisians  Stratonicenses  Hiero Caesarians  Cypriots  Pergamenians  Smyrnians  Tenians  Sardians  Milesians  Cretians  and others  An honourable standard was prescribed  They were commanded to erect altars in the very temples for a sacred memory yet so that under pretence of religion  they should not fall into rivalries   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":22,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4025,"JulPer":4735,"Dating":"4025 AM, 4735 JP, 22 AD"}
{"Index":6261,"EventTxt":"Caius Silvanus was accused of bribery by his companions and banished into the Isle Cythera   Tacitus  Annals        c       Caesius Cordus was also accused of bribery by the Cyrenenses  by the suit of Ancharius Priscus and was condemned   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":22,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4025,"JulPer":4735,"Dating":"4025 AM, 4735 JP, 22 AD"}
{"Index":6262,"EventTxt":"Aelius Sajenus killed Drusius  the son of Tiberius and his partner in the tribuneship after Sajenus committed adultery with Drusius  wife  Livia  by poison given him by Lygdus  an eunuch   Tacitus  Annals        c         Sajenus also accused the Jews who lived at Rome to Tiberius of pretended crimes so that he might wholly destroy that nationality  He knew they were the main ones who opposed his wicked practices and he said they conspired against the life of the emperor   Philo  de legat  ad Caium   Flaccus  in initio","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6263,"EventTxt":"After Drusius  funeral was over Tiberius returned to his accustomed business and took no extra time off  He jeered the ambassadors of the Illenses that came too late to comfort him  as though the memory of grief had been blotted out  He replied that he also was forty when they had lost so gallant a citizen as Hector was   Suetonius  Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6264,"EventTxt":"The senate passed the decrees of Tiberius that the city Cibyra in Asia and Aeginum in Achaia that were badly damaged by an earthquake should not have to pay tribute for the next three years   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6265,"EventTxt":"The Samians and the men of Cos sent their ambassadors to Rome and desired the confirmation of their ancient right of sanctuaries  One temple was for Juno and the other for Aesculapius   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6266,"EventTxt":"Lucilius Longus died who was the companion of the fortunes of Tiberius whether good or bad and who only of all the senators  was Tiberius  companion when he exiled himself to Rhodes   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6267,"EventTxt":"Lucilius Capita  the governor of Asia  was condemned by the accusation of the province  In the previous year  they had brought C  Silanus to justice and the cities of Asia decreed a temple dedicated to Tiberius  his mother  and the senate  They received permission to build it   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6268,"EventTxt":"Valerius Gratus the governor of Judea  removed Ananus or Annas from the high priesthood and made Ismael  the son of Fabus  the high priest  He soon removed him also   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":23,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4026,"JulPer":4736,"Dating":"4026 AM, 4736 JP, 23 AD"}
{"Index":6269,"EventTxt":"Ismael was removed from the high priesthood and Eleazar  the son of Annas   or Ananus who was previously removed   was made high priest by Valerius   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":24,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4027,"JulPer":4737,"Dating":"4027 AM, 4737 JP, 24 AD"}
{"Index":6270,"EventTxt":"Cassius Severus the orator  seventeen years earlier  was banished into Crete for his vicious tongue by the decree of the senate  He behaved just as poorly there and had all his estate taken from him  He was forbidden both water and fire and was banished into the stony island of Seriphos  Eight years later  he died in extreme poverty   Tacitus  Annals        c       Jerome  Chronicles","YearBCAD":24,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4027,"JulPer":4737,"Dating":"4027 AM, 4737 JP, 24 AD"}
{"Index":6271,"EventTxt":"P  Dolabella  the proconsul of Africa  summoned to help him and his country men  Ptolemy  the son of Juba  King of Mauritania  He killed Tacfarinas and put an end to the Numidian war  The king of the Garamantes had helped Tacfarinas with light cavalry whom he sent from a long way off  When Tacfarinas was killed  Garamantes sent ambassadors to give satisfaction to the people of Rome   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":24,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4027,"JulPer":4737,"Dating":"4027 AM, 4737 JP, 24 AD"}
{"Index":6272,"EventTxt":"Vibius Serenus a banished man  was falsely accused by his son of treason and was condemned for an old grudge that Tiberius had against him  Gallus Asinius was of the opinion that he should be confined  either to Gyaros or Donusa  Tiberius set aside his grudge and said that he disagreed with that sentence  He said that both those islands lacked water and that to whom life was granted  things necessary for life were also to be granted  Thereupon  Serenus was banished to Amorgos   one of the islands of the Sporades    Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":24,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4027,"JulPer":4737,"Dating":"4027 AM, 4737 JP, 24 AD"}
{"Index":6273,"EventTxt":"The ten year term of Tiberius  empire had expired and he made no plans of resuming it by any decree for another ten years longer neither did he want to have it divided by ten year periods as Augustus had done  He just continued on by his own authority  However  the decennial plays were held    Dio             Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":24,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4027,"JulPer":4737,"Dating":"4027 AM, 4737 JP, 24 AD"}
{"Index":6274,"EventTxt":"Valerius Gratus removed Eleazar from the high priesthood after one year and gave the office to Simon  the son of Camithus   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":25,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4028,"JulPer":4738,"Dating":"4028 AM, 4738 JP, 25 AD"}
{"Index":6275,"EventTxt":"The citizens of Cyzicum imprisoned some Roman citizens and had not completed the temple for Augustus that they had started  They had their liberty again taken from them that they had earned by being besieged in the war of Mithridates   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":25,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4028,"JulPer":4738,"Dating":"4028 AM, 4738 JP, 25 AD"}
{"Index":6276,"EventTxt":"Fonteius Capita  who had governed Asia as proconsul  was acquitted because it was found that he was falsely accused by Vibius Serenus   Tacit  Annal     c","YearBCAD":25,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4028,"JulPer":4738,"Dating":"4028 AM, 4738 JP, 25 AD"}
{"Index":6277,"EventTxt":"Eleven cities in Asia strove with great rivalry to see in which of them would build the temple that was appointed for Tiberius and the senate  Tiberius heard their ambassadors disputing for many days concerning this matter in the senate  The Hypepenians and Trallians  as also the Laodiceans and Magesians were eliminated as not having enough strength to do this  The Ilians related how Troy was the mother of Rome and they had a good argument but the glory of antiquity was doubted and they were eliminated  The Halicarnassians affirmed that their city had not been shaken with an earthquake for   years and that the foundation of their temple was upon a natural rock  The Pergamenians were excluded because they already had a temple to Augustus  The senators thought one temple was enough for them  The Ephesians and Milesians were excluded because their cities were already involved with the ceremonies of Apollo and Diana  The decision was between the Sardians and Smyrnaeans  Each presented their case  The senate preferred the Smyrnaeans and Vobius Marius was of the opinion that M  Legidus who governed that province  should be placed in charge of the new temple as well as his other duties  Legidus refused through modesty and the senate selected by lot Valerius Naso who had been praetor  for the job   Tiberius  Annals        c","YearBCAD":25,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4029,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4738,"Dating":"4029a AM, 4738 JP, 25 AD"}
{"Index":6278,"EventTxt":"When Simon had held the high priesthood for one year Valerius Gratus appointed Joseph as his successor in that office  He was surnamed Caiphas  the son in law of Annas or Ananus who was formerly removed from the priesthood   Joh      After the annual changes of the high priest were completed  Gratus returned to Rome after he had been eleven years in Judea   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  By this action  we are rather inclined to refer these changes to the end of his government than to the beginning","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4029,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4029b AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6279,"EventTxt":"Pontius Pilate was sent as the successor to Valerius Gratus   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  Philo documents Pilate s actions in his government   Philo  Embassy to Caius  Philo wrote that he was afraid lest the embassy which was sent by the Jews to take away the bucklers that were dedicated to him within the Holy City  would find out about his other crimes  vv sale of judgments  repines  slaughters  rackings  condemning innocent men to death  savage cruelty  c","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4029,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4029b AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6280,"EventTxt":"The  th jubilee happened in the  th year of our Lord Jesus Christ and the beginning of his gospel  It was now proclaimed by the voice of one crying in the wilderness  Prepare ye the way of the Lord make his paths straight","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 1:1-3","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6281,"EventTxt":"and the start of the acceptable year of the Lord or the time of his divine pleasure in which the good God showed the great one to the world   Isa     Lu","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6282,"EventTxt":"It was in the  th year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar   which was the  th of his empire which began after the death of Augustus  when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea  Herod  Antipas   the tetrarch of Galilee and his brother Philip  tetrarch of Ituraea and the region of Trachonitis and Lysanias  tetrarch of Abylene  under the priesthoods of Annas and Caiphas  The word of the Lord came to John  the son of Zacharias in the desert   Lu        He by God s authority was a Nazarite who was both a priest and prophet of the Lord and baptized in the desert of Judea   These cities were mentioned in      He preached the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins   Mt     Mr     Lu      By his ministry  he announced and made known to Israel  Christ who would come after him    Joh          So John would certainly know who he was  God gave him this sign  Whomever he saw the Holy Ghost descending on and remaining  he would know that it was he that should baptize others with the Holy Ghost   Joh","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Jos 15:1-6","BibBk1":"Jos","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6283,"EventTxt":"It is most probable that his ministry began on that most suitable day  the tenth day of the seventh month   about the  th day of our October   This was the solemn fast in which whoever did not afflict his soul was to be cut off from his people  It was the day of atonement in which the high priest went into the holy of holies to expiate the sins of the people with blood that was offered  On the same day a trumpet was sounded announcing the start of the year of jubilee in the land   Le","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6284,"EventTxt":"Hence John the Baptist was the preacher of repentance and remission of sins to be attained by the blood of Christ who was to come  John went into every region around Jordan  lifting up his voice like a trumpet proclaiming  vv Repent ye for the kingdom of heaven is at hand","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6285,"EventTxt":"Many came to him from Jerusalem  all Judea and the regions around the Jordan River   This would be especially true of that huge multitude who returned from Jerusalem after the feast of tabernacles was over about the beginning of November   Many were baptized by him in the Jordan and confessed their sins   Mt           Mr","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6286,"EventTxt":"John had his garment of camel s hair and a leather belt about his waist like Elijah    Ki      He ate locusts  which was a clean inexpensive food  Le       and wild honey   Mt     Mr","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6287,"EventTxt":"John sharply rebuked the Pharisees who came to his baptism   Lu        When people wondered if John was the Christ  John answered  VV I indeed baptize you with water  but there cometh one who is stronger than I  whose shoe latchet I am not worthy to unloose  he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire  whose fan is in his hand  and he will throughly purge his floor  and gather his wheat in his barn  and will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire      Mt       Mr","YearBCAD":26,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 3:15-17","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4739,"Dating":"4030a AM, 4739 JP, 26 AD"}
{"Index":6288,"EventTxt":"When all the people were being baptized  Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized of John   Lu     Mt     Mr      John denied that Jesus needed any baptism from him but the Lord urged him and said that it was needful that all righteousness be fulfilled  Then John baptized him   Mt        Jesus was about   years old   Lu","YearBCAD":27,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4740,"Dating":"4030b AM, 4740 JP, 27 AD"}
{"Index":6289,"EventTxt":"There was made a most obvious manifestation of the trinity  The Son of God in the human nature which he assumed ascended out of the water and was praying  The heavens were opened and the Spirit of God was seen in a bodily shape like a dove and descended on him  The voice of the Father was heard from heaven and said  vv This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased   Mt       Mr       Lu","YearBCAD":27,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4740,"Dating":"4030b AM, 4740 JP, 27 AD"}
{"Index":6290,"EventTxt":"Jesus was full of the Holy Ghost and returned from the Jordan  He was driven by the Spirit into the desert  He was tempted for forty days and nights  by Satan while he remained among wild beasts  He ate nothing and after this was over  he was hungry   Lu       Mt       Mr","YearBCAD":27,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4740,"Dating":"4030b AM, 4740 JP, 27 AD"}
{"Index":6291,"EventTxt":"Satan then presented the Lord with a threefold temptation  When this was over  Satan left him for a time         and the angels came and ministered to him   Mt     Mr      Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee   Lu","YearBCAD":27,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mt 4:3-11\", \"Lu 4:3-13\")","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4740,"Dating":"4030b AM, 4740 JP, 27 AD"}
{"Index":6292,"EventTxt":"Herod Agrippa  the son of Aristobulus  had by Cyprus  the daughter of Phasaelus Agrippa the younger  the last king of the Jews  He is mentioned in Acts         He was   years old when his father died    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c       >       c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":27,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 25:1-26","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4030,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4740,"Dating":"4030b AM, 4740 JP, 27 AD"}
{"Index":6293,"EventTxt":"Berenice his sister of whom likewise mention is made in Acts was born and later married to Herod  the king of Chalcis and was sixteen years old when her father died   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c       >       c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":28,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4031,"JulPer":4741,"Dating":"4031 AM, 4741 JP, 28 AD"}
{"Index":6294,"EventTxt":"The fourth year of John the Baptist s ministry started  His ministry of preparing the people for Christ was drawing to a close  for this was his primary purpose  The Lord himself  whose way John had prepared  entered into his ministry  He executed his prophetic office and sealed his ministry with famous miracles  for John did no miracles  John s ministry of preparation was so celebrated by Isaiah and Malachi so many ages before  None will wonder that so long a period of time was assigned to it by us when they consider that a shorter time for so great a work would be too short especially without the help of miracles to accomplish as much as the angel Gabriel confirmed to his father Zacharias that John should do   Lu        vv Many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God  and he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah  that he may turn the hearts of the fathers to the children  and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just  and to prepare a people ready for the Lord","YearBCAD":29,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4742,"Dating":"4033a AM, 4742 JP, 29 AD"}
{"Index":6295,"EventTxt":"Those words of Paul argue that not a short period of time but a full course of preaching was to be finished by John before the coming of the Lord   Ac        vv When John had first preached before his coming the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel  and as John fulfilled his course  he said  whom think ye that I am  I am not he  but behold there cometh one after me whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose","YearBCAD":29,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4742,"Dating":"4033a AM, 4742 JP, 29 AD"}
{"Index":6296,"EventTxt":"The next day after Christ came  the Jews from Jerusalem sent some priests and Levites of the sect of the Pharisees to John when he was baptizing at Bethabara by the Jordan  They asked him to plainly tell them if he was the Christ or not  He denied that he was Elijah or that prophet  foretold by Moses   De      and was indeed the Christ   Ac          but by the Jews thought to be another   He said he was  vv The voice of one crying in the wilderness  make straight the way of the Lord","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6297,"EventTxt":"Then he added that testimony about Christ which Paul so praised  VV I baptize with water  but there standeth one among you  whom ye know not  he it is  who cometh after me  who is preferred before me  whose shoe latchet I am not worthy to unloose","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 1:19-28","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6298,"EventTxt":"The next day John saw Jesus coming to him and said  vv Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the world  This is he of whom I spoke  there cometh one after me  that is preferred before me  for he was before me   c  and I saw him  and testify that this is the Son of God","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 1:29-34","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6299,"EventTxt":"The next day John stood with two of his disciples  John saw Jesus walking and said  Behold the Lamb of God  When his two disciples heard that they followed Jesus and stayed with him that day for it was about the tenth hour    o clock   Andrew was one of these two and brought his brother Simon to Jesus  When Jesus saw Simon he said  You are Simon  son of Jona  you shall be called Cephas","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 1:35-42","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6300,"EventTxt":"The next day Jesus went into Galilee and asked Philip  who was from Bethsaida  the city of Andrew and Simon Peter  to follow him  Philip found Nathanael under a fig tree and brought him to Jesus  Jesus said that he was truly an Israelite in whom there was no guile  Jesus said he was that ladder of heaven   foreshadowed by Jacob s dream   Ge       upon which the angels of God were seen ascending and descending","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 1:42-51","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6301,"EventTxt":"On the third day  there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee  to which Jesus was invited along with his mother and his disciples  There he turned the water into wine which was his first miracle  His glory was thus shown and his disciples believed on him","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 2:1-11","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6302,"EventTxt":"Now we are come to the public ministry of Christ  whose acts we do record according to the four distinct passovers we can gather from the harmony of the four gospels as written by that learned man and much laboured in the studies of the Holy Scriptures  John Richardson  Dr  of Divinity and worthy Bishop of Ardah  in our province of Armagh  In this record it is note worthy that only Matthew neglected the order of time which is constantly observed by the other three gospels  if you will exclude the parenthesis when John was cast into prison by Herod    Lu        The FIRST PASSOVER Of The MINISTRY Of CHRIST   Joh      From which the first year of the seventieth and last week of Daniel begins in which the covenant is confirmed with many   Da     cf  Mt","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6303,"EventTxt":"Jesus went to Jerusalem for the passover   Joh","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6304,"EventTxt":"Jesus went into the temple  he scourged those who bought and sold there and drove them out  As a sign of his authority  he told them how the temple of his body would be destroyed by the Jews and be raised again by himself","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 2:13-22","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6305,"EventTxt":"He performed miracles and many believed on him but he did not commit himself to them because he knew what was in man","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 2:23-25","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6306,"EventTxt":"He instructed Nicodemus the disciple who came to him by night about the mystery of regeneration  in faith  in his death and in the condemnation of unbelievers","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 3:1-21","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4033,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4033b AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6307,"EventTxt":"Jesus left Jerusalem and went into the land of Judea with his disciples   Joh","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6308,"EventTxt":"Jesus stayed there and baptized people   That is his disciples baptized people who had been baptized before either by himself or John   John baptized in Aenon for he was not yet cast into prison","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Jon 3:22-24","BibBk1":"Jon","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6309,"EventTxt":"John s disciples and the Jews had a discussion about purifying    Joh","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6310,"EventTxt":"John instructed his disciples who were envious of Jesus  John told them about Jesus and his office and of the excellence of Jesus Christ  the Son of God  He gave this notable and last testimony of him before his imprisonment","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 3:26-36","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6311,"EventTxt":"Herod the tetrarch cast John into prison for reprehending his incest with his brother Philip s wife and his wickedness","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 6:17-20\", \"Mt 14:3-5\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6312,"EventTxt":"Jesus heard that John was cast into prison and that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus had made and baptized many disciples  that is  by the hand of his disciples   He left Judea after he had stayed there about eight months and went into Galilee     Mt","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 4:1-3","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6313,"EventTxt":"Jesus needed to go through Samaria where he converted the Samaritan woman near the city of Sychar and the citizens of Sychar  It was four months before the harvest   or the passover  about the middle of the ninth month  called Ab","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 4:4-42","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6314,"EventTxt":"After he had stayed two days in Sychar  he continued on to Galilee   This is his second return from Judea to Galilee after his baptism    Joh","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6315,"EventTxt":"Jesus was received by the Galileans who had seen the great things which he had done at Jerusalem  He preached with great fame in their synagogues   Joh     Lu       Mr","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6316,"EventTxt":"In Cana  Jesus healed the sick son of a nobleman  This was the second miracle that Jesus did when he left Judea and came to Galilee","YearBCAD":30,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 4:46-54","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4743,"Dating":"4034a AM, 4743 JP, 30 AD"}
{"Index":6317,"EventTxt":"He did miracles in Capernaum and later came to Nazareth where he was raised  He entered the synagogue  as his custom was  he expounded the prophesy of Isaiah about himself  The citizens first wondered at this but later were filled with wrath  They thrust him out of the city and tried to throw him down headlong from a hill  However  he passed through the crowd and went his way","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 4:16-30","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6318,"EventTxt":"He left Nazareth and lived at Capernaum  He taught them on the sabbath days and they were astonished at his doctrine  Lu       Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 4:13-17","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6319,"EventTxt":"In the synagogue of Capernaum  he cast out an unclean spirit and ordered the spirit that he should not tell who he was","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 4:33-37\", \"Mr 1:23-28\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6320,"EventTxt":"He arose from the synagogue and went into the house of Simon and Andrew and healed Simon s wife s mother who lay sick with a fever   Lu          Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 1:29-31","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6321,"EventTxt":"About sunset  he healed all the sick folk who were brought to him and cast out devils  He ordered them not to speak   Lu          Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 1:32-34","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6322,"EventTxt":"In the morning  he went into a deserted place to pray  When Simon and others sought for him and would have prevented him from leaving  he replied that he must preach to other cities also","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 4:42-44\", \"Mr 1:35-39\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6323,"EventTxt":"He went through all Galilee and taught in their synagogues and cast out devils   Lu     Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6324,"EventTxt":"As he stood by the lake of Gennesaret  a great multitude pressed upon him  Therefore he entered into Simon s ship and taught the multitude from there","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 5:1-4","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6325,"EventTxt":"When he had finished speaking  at his command  the disciples went fishing and caught a large number of fish  Simon Peter  Andrew  James and John were astonished  Jesus commanded them to follow him and he would make them fishers of men         Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 5:4-11\", \"Mr 1:16-20\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6326,"EventTxt":"Jesus went through all Galilee and taught in their synagogues and healed every disease  His fame went into all Syria and a great multitude followed him","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 4:23-25","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6327,"EventTxt":"In a certain city  he healed a leper  Jesus forbid him to tell anyone but he told everyone he met  People came to him from every place to hear him and to be healed  So many came that he could not publicly enter the city and he went into deserted places and prayed","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 5:12-16\", \"Mr 1:40-45\", \"Mt 8:1-4\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6328,"EventTxt":"After some days  he again returned to his own city of Capernaum and he taught them at home  In the presence of the scribes  Pharisees and a large crowd  he forgave the sins of one who was sick with the palsy  The sick man was let down through the roof of the house and Jesus healed the disease also to the astonishment of all","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 5:17-26\", \"Mr 2:1-12\", \"Mt 9:1-8\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6329,"EventTxt":"Jesus went out again by the seaside and all the multitude came to him and he taught them  As he passed by he saw and called Levi or Matthew who was sitting at the receipt of custom  Lu       Mr       Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6330,"EventTxt":"In the house of Levi  Jesus defended himself and his disciples for they ate with publicans  He excused and vindicated them against the Pharisees because his disciples did not fast","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 5:29-39\", \"Mr 2:15-22\", \"Mt 9:10-13\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6331,"EventTxt":"And it came to pass on the second sabbath after the first   that is  the first sabbath of the new year which was instituted after the Jews left Egypt and began from the month Nisan or Abib   Jesus went through the grain fields  He cleared his disciples from the reproach of the Pharisees because they plucked the ears of grain  He explained the doctrine of the sabbath           The SECOND PASSOVER of the MINISTRY of CHRIST   Joh      cf   Joh        From which begins the second year of the  th week of Daniel","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 6:1-5\", \"Mr 2:23-28\", \"Mt 12:1-8\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6332,"EventTxt":"After these things  the feast of the Jews was coming and Jesus went up to Jerusalem  On the sabbath day  he healed a man who had been infirmed for thirty eight years and lay at the pool of Bethesda  He answered the Jews who were seeking to kill him because he said that God was his Father","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 5:1-47","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6333,"EventTxt":"He went from there and entered again into a synagogue and taught the people  He healed one that had a withered hand  The Pharisees went out and immediately with the Herodians took counsel how they might destroy him","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 6:6-11\", \"Mr 3:1-6\", \"Mt 12:9-14\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6334,"EventTxt":"When Jesus knew this  he withdrew himself to the sea and healed the multitudes who followed him  He strictly charged them that they should not make him known  He ordered his disciples to have a small boat to wait on him because of the multitude who thronged him","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 3:7-12\", \"Mt 12:15-21\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6335,"EventTxt":"It came to pass in those days  that he went into a mountain to pray and continued in prayer all night  When it was day  he chose the twelve whom he called apostles      Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 6:12-16","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6336,"EventTxt":"Jesus went down with them and stood in a plain and a great multitude came to him and he healed them all","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 6:17-19","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6337,"EventTxt":"They went into a house and the multitude came together again so that they could not so much as eat a meal  When his friends heard of this  they went to lay hold on Jesus for they said that he was beside himself   Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6338,"EventTxt":"When he saw the multitude  he went up into a mountain  When he sat down  his disciples came to him  He then preached that long and excellent sermon  first to the apostles and later to all the people","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 6:20-49\", \"Mt 5:1-7\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6339,"EventTxt":"When he had finished speaking to the people  he went into Capernaum and healed the centurion s servant who lay sick with the palsy and was almost dead","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 7:1-10\", \"Mt 8:5-13\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6340,"EventTxt":"The next day  he went into the city of Nain and raised one who was dead and being carried out for burial who was the only son of a widow  Thereupon  his fame spread abroad","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 7:11-17","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6341,"EventTxt":"When John was in prison  he was told by his disciples about the fame and deeds of Jesus  John sent two of them to him to ask to ask if Jesus was the one they should expect or should they look for someone else  After they returned to John with Jesus  answer  Jesus gave a great testimony about John  Then he upbraided some cities for their ingratitude  He rested in the fact of the divine sovereignty of his Father who hid these things from some and revealed them to others","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 7:18-35\", \"Mt 11:2-30\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6342,"EventTxt":"And Simon  the Pharisee wanted Jesus to dine with him  As they were eating  Simon criticized the actions of a women because she was a great sinner  Jesus defended the woman who washed his feet with her tears and wiped them with the hairs of her head and kissed and anointed them","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 7:36-50","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6343,"EventTxt":"It came to pass later that he went from the city and preached  His disciples were with him and certain women ministered to him","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 8:1-3","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6344,"EventTxt":"They brought to him one who had a demon and who was blind and dumb  Jesus healed him and eagerly defended himself against the Pharisees and scribes that came down from Jerusalem who blasphemed him said that he cast out devils through Beelzebub          Some of the scribes and Pharisees asked for a sign  When Jesus had sharply rebuked them  he gave them no other sign than that of Jonah","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 3:22-30\", \"Mt 12:22-37\", \"Mt 12:38-45\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6345,"EventTxt":"And while he spoke to the people  he was told that his mother and brethren  stood outside and wanted to see and speak with him  Jesus replied and showed them whom he counted for his mother and brothers and sisters","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 8:19-21\", \"Mr 3:31-35\", \"Mt 12:46-50\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6346,"EventTxt":"The same day Jesus left the house and sat by the seaside  Great multitudes came to him so that he went into a boat and sat and taught them many things through the parable of the sower and many other parables      Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 8:4-18\", \"Mt 13:1-53\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6347,"EventTxt":"The same day at evening  he told his disciples to sail across the lake  When he had given an answer to some who wanted to follow him  he sent away the multitudes  As they were sailing  a strong storm of wind came up  He rebuked the wind and calmed the sea and saved his disciples","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 8:22-26\", \"Mr 4:35-41\", \"Mt 8:18-27\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6348,"EventTxt":"They came to the other side into the country of the Gadarenes  or Gergesenes which was on the opposite shore from Galilee  When he was come to land  he was met by two fierce men who were possessed with demons   Mark and Luke mention only one man   He cast out the demons and allowed them to enter into a herd of swine  The Gadarenes asked him to leave their country  The possessed persons begged Jesus to stay with them  This request was denied and Jesus sent them back to proclaim around Decapolis what great things Jesus had done for them  Jesus sailed across the lake again to his own city of Capernaum         Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 8:27-39\", \"Mr 5:1-20\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6349,"EventTxt":"It came to pass that when Jesus was returned  the people received him gladly for they waited for him  He was by the seaside   Lu     Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6350,"EventTxt":"The disciples of John came to him and asked why do we and the Pharisees fast often but your disciples do not fast  He answered their question","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 9:14-17","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6351,"EventTxt":"While he was speaking  Jairus  one of the rulers of the synagogues came and begged him to heal his only daughter  She was about twelve years old and lay at the point of death  As he was going and almost at Jairus  house  a woman who had an issue of blood twelve years  was suddenly healed by touching the hem of Jesus  garment  The dead daughter of Jairus was restored to life by his word only  He strictly ordered them to tell no one about it","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 8:41-56\", \"Mr 5:22-42\", \"Mt 9:18-26\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6352,"EventTxt":"When he departed from there  two blind men followed him whom he healed  He strictly ordered them to tell no one but they told everyone they met","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 9:27-31","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6353,"EventTxt":"As they went out  they brought to Jesus a dumb man who was possessed with a demon  When the demon was cast out  the dumb man spoke and the multitude marvelled but the Pharisees blasphemed","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 9:32-34","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6354,"EventTxt":"He went all around their cities and villages  He taught them and healed their diseases  When he came into his own country with his disciples  he taught in their synagogue on the sabbath day  He was again despised by them and called the carpenter  However  they were astonished at his doctrine","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 6:1-6\", \"Mt 13:54-58\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6355,"EventTxt":"He went around their villages and taught them   Mr","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6356,"EventTxt":"He was moved with compassion toward the multitude when he saw how great the harvest was and how few labourers there were  He told his disciples that they should pray the Lord that he would send forth more labourers","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 9:35-38","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6357,"EventTxt":"Jesus sent out the twelve apostles  by two and two  He instructed them to preach and gave them power to heal diseases","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:1-5\", \"Mr 6:7-11\", \"Mt 10:1-42\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6358,"EventTxt":"It came to pass when Jesus had made an end of commanding his disciples  he departed from there to teach and to preach in their cities   Mt","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6359,"EventTxt":"After the twelve had departed  they went through the towns preaching the gospel and healing everywhere   Lu","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4034,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4034b AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6360,"EventTxt":"The seventeenth of November  Sejanus was killed   Tacitus  Annals        c      After his death  Tiberius immediately knew that all the crimes that Sejanus had accused the Jews of were imagined by himself  Therefore Tiberius commanded the governments of all provinces that in every town they should spare this nationality  Only a very few who were guilty persons should be punished  They should not alter their customs but should take note that these men were lovers of peace and their customs were for the public peace   Philo  Embassy to Caius","YearBCAD":31,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4744,"Dating":"4035a AM, 4744 JP, 31 AD"}
{"Index":6361,"EventTxt":"After Severus  the governor of Egypt had died  Tiberius appointed Flaccus Avillius  one of his friends  as his successor for six years  He governed the province well for the five first years as long as Tiberius lived    Philo  Flaccus","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6362,"EventTxt":"John Baptist was beheaded","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6363,"EventTxt":"When his disciples heard this  they came and took up the body and buried it and came and told Jesus      Mt","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 6:27-29","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6364,"EventTxt":"Herod the tetrarch and others heard of the fame of Jesus and Herod desired to see him","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:7-9\", \"Mr 6:1-4\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6365,"EventTxt":"When the apostles returned  they told Jesus the things they had done   Lu     Mr","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6366,"EventTxt":"When Jesus had heard of the death of John and of the deeds of the apostles  he told them to depart into a deserted place and rest for a while  The multitude had kept them so busy they did not have time to eat  He sailed with the twelve with him and privately went into a deserted place near Bethesda  When the multitude heard it  they followed him on foot from all cities and came to him  Jesus taught and healed them   Lu       Mr       Mt","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6367,"EventTxt":"Jesus went up into a mountain and sat there with his disciples  The passover was close at hand  At evening  he fed with five barley loaves  and two little fishes more than   men in addition to women and children  There were twelve baskets full of the left overs  When they wanted to make him a king  Jesus constrained his disciples to go before him to the other side  opposite to Bethesda toward Capernaum  He went alone into a mountain  When the disciples had gone about   or   miles  Jesus walked out to them on the sea in the fourth watch of the night  He told them not to be afraid  Peter asked to join him and he walked out to Jesus  Jesus rebuked Peter for his little faith when Peter began to sink  They were all amazed  They landed and came to the country of Gennesaret  When he left the boat  as soon as it was known  they brought their sick that they might touch the hem of his garment and they were made whole","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 6:1-21\", \"Lu 9:12-17\", \"Mr 6:35-56\", \"Mt 14:15-36\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6368,"EventTxt":"The next day after Jesus had crossed over  the people who stood on this side of the sea sailed to Capernaum to look for Jesus  He preached to them in the synagogue of Capernaum of the bread of life and affirmed to the Jews that murmured that he was the bread of life  From that time many of his disciples went back but the apostles would not go away  However  he called one of them a devil        The THIRD PASSOVER of the MINISTRY of CHRIST  Joh      From which began the third year of the  th week of Daniel","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 6:22-71","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6369,"EventTxt":"The scribes and Pharisees who came from Jerusalem  went to Jesus  When they saw some of his disciples eat with unwashed hands  they found fault with them that they did not follow the traditions of the elders  Jesus answered them concerning their traditions  He said that they frustrated the commands of God that they might keep the traditions of men  He taught the people and also told his disciples at home that nothing which entered into a man  defiles him but that which comes from within defiles a man","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 7:1-23\", \"Mt 15:1-20\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6370,"EventTxt":"Jesus left and went into the country of Tyre and Sidon  He could not escape the crowds  A Canaanitish woman  a Gentile of the Syrophenician nationality  came to him and earnestly begged him for her daughter who was possessed by a demon  Jesus praised her great faith and cast out the demon from her daughter","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 7:24-30\", \"Mt 15:21-28\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6371,"EventTxt":"After he left the country of Tyre and Sidon  he came to the Sea of Galilee through the middle of the country of Decapolis  A deaf man was brought to him who also had a speech impediment  Jesus healed and in vain ordered him to tell no one","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 7:31-37","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6372,"EventTxt":"When he went up into a mountain  he sat there and healed many and the multitude wondered","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 15:29-31","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6373,"EventTxt":"In those days when a very great multitude had stayed with him for three days in the desert  he fed   men in addition to women and children  with only seven loaves and a few little fishes  They gathered seven baskets full of left overs","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 8:1-9\", \"Mt 15:32-38\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6374,"EventTxt":"Immediately  Jesus with his disciples  sailed over to the country of Dalmanutha or Magdala   Mr     Mt","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6375,"EventTxt":"The Pharisees came and required a sign from him from heaven  After Jesus had sighed deeply  he refused to give them any sign but that of Jonah  He called them hypocrites because knew how to tell the weather from the appearance of the sky but could not discern the times  He left them and sailed to the other side","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 8:11-13\", \"Mt 16:1-4\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6376,"EventTxt":"When he and his disciples came to the other side  they had forgotten to take food with them and they had but one loaf of bread with them in the ship  Jesus warned them to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees and the leaven of Herod  They reasoned among themselves that because they had forgotten to take bread  Jesus had said this  Jesus rebuked them that they had forgotten the miraculous multiplication of the loaves and helped them understand that he spoke not of the leaven of bread but of doctrine","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 8:12-14\", \"Mt 16:5-12\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6377,"EventTxt":"Then he came to Bethsaida and a blind man was brought to him  The blind man was led out of town and Jesus anointed his eyes with spittle and his sight was restored  Jesus forbade him to tell anyone about it","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 8:22-26","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6378,"EventTxt":"Jesus and his disciples went into the towns of Caesarea Philippi  It came to pass as he was alone praying and was now on his way  he asked his disciples who the people though he was  When they had answered  he asked them their opinion  When Peter answered that he was the Christ  Jesus declared him happy and gave him promises  He forbade his disciples to tell any man that he was the Christ  He foretold his death and resurrection and called Peter  Satan  because he rebuked Jesus for talking about his death  Then he preached to his disciples and the multitude about the cross that everyone must bear who will follow him  Finally  he foretold his transfiguration","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:18-27\", \"Mr 8:27-38\", \"Mt 16:13-28\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6379,"EventTxt":"It came to pass about eight days after these sayings   or six intermediate days  Jesus was transfigured on an high mountain  When they came down from the mountain  he charged them that they should tell no man what they had seen until he was risen from the dead  They kept this private and asked one another what the rising from the dead should mean  They asked him why did the scribes say that Elijah must first come  Jesus replied and by this they understood that Jesus spoke of John the Baptist who was Elijah","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:28-36\", \"Mr 9:1-13\", \"Mt 17:1-13\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6380,"EventTxt":"After this on the next day when they were came down from the hill  Jesus came to his disciples  He saw a great multitude about them and the scribes asking questions  When all the multitude saw him  they immediately were greatly amazed and ran to greet him  As he was asking about their questions  the father of a lunatic child told him  that it was about his child that had an unclean spirit and was deaf and dumb  His disciples could not cast him out  Then Jesus cast out the spirit and restored the child whole to his father  When Jesus went home  he showed his disciples the reason why they could not cast out this demon","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:37-42\", \"Mr 9:14-29\", \"Mt 17:14-21\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6381,"EventTxt":"They departed from there and passed through Galilee and he did not want any man to know it  He taught his disciples about his death and resurrection but they did not understood this  They were exceedingly sorry and were afraid to ask him         Mt","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:43-45\", \"Mr 9:30-32\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6382,"EventTxt":"When they came to Capernaum  they asked Peter about Jesus  tribute money  When Jesus came into the house  he anticipated Peter and told him that he should find a piece of money in a fish s mouth and told him to pay the tribute for both of them","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 17:24-27","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6383,"EventTxt":"At Capernaum  Jesus asked his disciples what they were discussing on the way  At first they were silent and then they said that it was about who would be greatest in the kingdom of heaven  Jesus took a child and placed him in the midst of them and taught that they should have humility even as a child  He warned them in the world were offences and that they must take heed that neither hand  foot nor eye cause them to offend  Little children were not to be despised  If our brother sinned against us  he was to be reproved  He told of the power of the church to bind and loose  They were to forgive one that asked forgiveness until seven times seventy times as he showed in the parable of two debtors to the king","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 9:46-48\", \"Mr 9:33-37\", \"Mt 18:1-35\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6384,"EventTxt":"John replied and said that they saw one casting out devils through Christ s name  Jesus taught that he was not to be forbidden and again warned them of not offending little ones and to take heed again  that neither hand  foot or eye cause them to offend   Lu","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 9:38-50","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6385,"EventTxt":"Junius Gallio  who was trying to win Tiberius  favour  proposed that Tiberius  soldiers  when their time of service was expired  should sit in the same benches with the equestrians to see the plays  Tiberius banished him under the pretence that Gallio would seem to persuade the soldiers to be loyal to the state rather than to Tiberius  When it was written that he would easily endure his banishment in so pleasant an island as Lesbos was  he was brought back to Rome and handed over to the custody of the magistrates   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6386,"EventTxt":"Cassius Severus  the orator died in the  th year of his banishment on the island of Sephone  He was reduced to such poverty that he had scarcely had a cloth to hide his privates   Jerome  Chronicles","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6387,"EventTxt":"At Rome it was proposed in the senate by Quintilian  the tribune of the people  concerning a Sibyl s book  Caninius Gallus  one of the Fifteen for Religious Ceremonies  had requested that it might be received among other books of the same prophetess and passed a decree of the senate to ratify it  When this was done by joint vote  Tiberius sent letters and rebuked the tribune mildly as not being well versed in the old customs because he was young  He attacked Gallus very smartly  who was a man of years and well experienced in the ceremonies and in spite of this had introduced the business into the senate at such a time when many of the senators were absent  The author of the poem was uncertain and the college had not delivered their opinion  or had the poem been revised and adjusted by the masters  of the priests  according to the usual custom  Thereupon the book was referred to the cognizance of the fifteen   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6388,"EventTxt":"After these things Jesus walked in Galilee  for he would not walk in Judea because the Jews sought to kill him  The feast of tabernacles was approaching and Jesus did not go up to the feast at that time as his brothers wished  They as yet did not believe on him  Jesus went up after them  not publicly but as it were in secret","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 7:1-10","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4035,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4035b AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6389,"EventTxt":"It came to pass  when the time was come that he should be received up  he set his face to go to Jerusalem  He sent messengers ahead to prepare a place for them to stay  The city would not accept him and they went into another city  He rebuked his disciples who wanted fire to come down from heaven upon them","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 9:51-56","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6390,"EventTxt":"It came to pass as they went on the way  Jesus answered some who wanted to follow him","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 9:57-62","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6391,"EventTxt":"After these things  Jesus sent   disciples two by two into every city and place where he was going to proclaim that the kingdom of God was at hand  He gave them power to authenticate their message","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 10:1-16","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6392,"EventTxt":"The multitude enquired after him and murmured concerning him  Jesus taught in the temple in the middle of the feast  They wondered at his doctrine and he answered that his doctrine was not his own but his who sent him  He answered many things to those who reproached and objected against him  Officers were sent to apprehend him  In the last and great day of the feast  Jesus cried out concerning faith in him  There was a division concerning him among the people but the officers who were sent and Nicodemus defended Jesus and his cause before the Pharisees who spoke against Jesus","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 7:11-53","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6393,"EventTxt":"Jesus went to the mount of Olives and early in the morning he sat and taught in the temple  He was not willing to condemn  as a judge  the woman taken in adultery and warned her to sin no more  He taught in the treasury of the temple and he affirmed that he is the light of the world and defended his bearing record of himself  He taught many things concerning the Father and himself  where he goes  who he is  about their father Abraham  about the servitude of sin and the devil  He denied that he had a demon as the people thought  He said whoever kept his sayings  would not taste of death  He concluded and said he was before Abraham  Thereupon they took up stones to throw at him but Jesus hid himself  and went out of the temple and went through the midst of them and so passed by","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 8:1-59","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6394,"EventTxt":"As Jesus passed by  he saw one begging who was blind from his youth and he healed him  The beggar and his parents were examined by the authorities and he was expelled from the synagogue  He found and worshipped Jesus","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 9:1-41","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6395,"EventTxt":"Jesus preached that he is the door of the sheepfold and that good shepherd  He taught about thieves and hirelings  There was a division again among the Jews because of these sayings","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 10:1-21","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6396,"EventTxt":"The   returned with joy  whom he further warned and instructed  In a rejoicing spirit  he tells them privately that they are blessed because their names are written in heaven   Lu","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6397,"EventTxt":"A certain lawyer asked him what he must do to inherit eternal life  Jesus instructed him from the law and taught him who his neighbour was by the parable of the man who fell among thieves","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 10:25-37","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6398,"EventTxt":"Now it came to pass as he went on his way  he came to a certain town and was received into the house of Martha  She herself ministered to them while Mary heard the words of Jesus  Jesus said Mary had chosen the better part","YearBCAD":32,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 10:38-42","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4036,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4745,"Dating":"4036a AM, 4745 JP, 32 AD"}
{"Index":6399,"EventTxt":"It came to pass that he was praying in a certain place  When he stopped  one of his disciples asked him to teach them to pray as John taught his disciples  Therefore he for the second time prescribeed to them the Lord s prayer  He used arguments also to stir them up to constancy in prayer and for obtaining the confirmation of their faith","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 11:1-13","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6400,"EventTxt":"Jesus cast out a demon from one who was dumb and the multitude marvelled  He rebuked some blasphemers and said that he did not cast out the demons through Beelzebub   Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6401,"EventTxt":"It came to pass as he spoke these things  that a certain woman of the company said to him that his mother was blessed  He replied to her that blessed are those who hear the word of God and keep it   Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6402,"EventTxt":"When the multitude had gathered thickly together  he said that this generation sought a sign but they shall have no sign except that of Jonah  He added that the queen of the south and the Ninevites shall condemn this generation  They were to take heed that the light that is in them was not really darkness","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 11:29-36","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6403,"EventTxt":"When he had spoken these things  a certain Pharisee invited him to dine with him  He wondered that Jesus had not first washed  Jesus severely reprehended him along with the rest of the Pharisees for their apparent outward holiness with hypocrisy but inwardly was wickedness  covetousness and pride  He pronounced a woe on the lawyers also","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 11:37-54","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6404,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  when there were gathered together an innumerable company  Jesus warned to his disciples to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees  which was hypocrisy and not to be afraid of those who kill the body","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 12:1-12","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6405,"EventTxt":"One of the company asked Jesus to talk to his brother so that he divide the inheritance with him  Jesus replied and said that who made him a judge  On this occasion  he preached against covetousness using the parable of the rich man who wanted to build larger barns  He warned them against an anxious distrustful and unprofitable carping about the necessary things of this life and urged that they rather seek the kingdom of God  They should be like those who wait for the coming of their Lord as it becomes a faithful and wise steward  Jesus said that he shall send the fire of division on the earth and upbraided them that they did not know that this was the appointed time","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 12:13-59","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6406,"EventTxt":"At that time there were some who told him of the Galilaeans  whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices  From this  Jesus preached about repentance and propounded the parable of the fig tree not having fruit","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 13:1-9","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6407,"EventTxt":"He taught in one of the synagogues on the sabbath day  There was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years and was bent over  He healed her on the sabbath and defended the deed against the indignation of the ruler of the synagogue  Then he likened the kingdom of heaven to a grain of mustard seed and to leaven","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 13:10-21","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6408,"EventTxt":"He went through all the cities and villages teaching and journeying toward Jerusalem for the feast of dedication   Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6409,"EventTxt":"One asked him if there would be only a few who would be saved  He replied that they must strive to enter in at the narrow gate","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 13:23-30","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6410,"EventTxt":"On the same day  some of the Pharisees came to him and warned him to leave the area for Herod wanted to kill him  He gave that resolute answer","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 13:31-35","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6411,"EventTxt":"It came to pass that he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to dine with him  There was one there who had the dropsy  whom he healed  He defended the deed  although done on the sabbath  He spoke a parable to them that were bidden to a feast and Jesus instructed the Pharisee who had invited him to dine","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 14:1-14","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6412,"EventTxt":"When one of them who dined with him  heard these things  he said to him that blessed is he who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God  Jesus replied to him and propounded the parable of the great supper and of each excuse that those made who were invited","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 14:15-24","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6413,"EventTxt":"There was a great multitude that went with him and he turned and preached to them  that life itself is to be surrendered for Christ  He propounded to them the parables of the man who was about to build a tower and of the king going to war","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 14:25-35","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6414,"EventTxt":"There came to him all the publicans and sinners to hear him but the scribes and Pharisees murmured  He spoke to them the parables about the lost sheep  the lost coin and the prodigal son","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 15:1-32","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6415,"EventTxt":"He told the disciples the parable of the unjust steward who was accused to his master and made a practical application from it  The Pharisees heard all these things and they were covetous and derided him  He then preached against them and taught many other things and told about the rich man who fared sumptuously and of Lazarus the beggar","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 16:1-31","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6416,"EventTxt":"Jesus warned his disciples of those who cause offences  He taught that their brother who sinned against them  was to be forgiven","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 17:1-9","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6417,"EventTxt":"Then the apostles asked Jesus to increase their faith  He replied about the power of faith and by the parable of the servant who came in after working  immediately ministered to his master  He showed them that they were unprofitable servants when they had done all that they were commanded for they had have done no more than what was their duty","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 17:5-10","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6418,"EventTxt":"It came to pass as he went to Jerusalem  that he passed through the middle of Samaria and Galilee  He entered a certain village and ten lepers met him  After they were healed and were going to the priest as Jesus commanded  only one of them came back to Jesus to thank him and he was a Samaritan","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 17:11-19","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6419,"EventTxt":"The Pharisees asked Jesus when the kingdom of God will come  Jesus replied that the kingdom of God will not come with observation but was within  He told his disciples that according to the days of Noah and Lot  so shall be the day in which the Son of Man shall be revealed  but he must first suffer many things","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 17:20-37","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6420,"EventTxt":"He spoke to them a parable that they should always pray  He used the example of a widow who interceded with an unjust judge and contrasted this with God who is a just avenger","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 18:1-8","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6421,"EventTxt":"He spoke also to some who thought that they were just and despised others  He told the parable about the Pharisee and publican praying in the temple","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 18:9-14","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6422,"EventTxt":"At Jerusalem in the feast of the dedication in the winter time  Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon s porch  The Jews came around him and asked how long he would keep them in suspence as to who he really was  He pointed to his miracles and said that he and his Father are one  Again they took up stones to stone him  He defended himself to be God  by the scriptures and by his works  They tried again to take him but he escaped from their hands","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 10:22-39","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6423,"EventTxt":"He went again beyond the Jordan River into the place where John first baptized and stayed there and many came to him  As was his custom  he taught them and healed them and many believed on him there   Mr     Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6424,"EventTxt":"The Pharisees came to him and tempted him and asked if it was lawful for a man to put away his wife for any reason  Jesus denied it and replied to the Pharisees who objected and said the bill of divorce was commanded by Moses  Jesus taught them the true meaning of marriage  When his disciples heard this  they said it was better for a man not to marry","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 10:2-12\", \"Mt 19:3-12\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6425,"EventTxt":"They brought to him little children that he should lay his hands on them and pray  His disciples forbid them and Jesus rebuked them  After he had laid his hands on the children and blessed them  he departed from there","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 18:15-17\", \"Mr 10:13-16\", \"Mt 19:13-15\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6426,"EventTxt":"As Jesus was leaving on the way  a rich young ruler met him and asked him what he had to do to inherit eternal life and he called Jesus  Good Master  Jesus spoke concerning the title he gave him and pointed him to the commandments  He replied that he had kept them all and observed them and Jesus loved him  However  he told him to sell all that he had and give to the poor  He sent him away very sorry  Jesus inveighed bitterly against covetous rich men  Peter replied that they left everything to follow him  Jesus made notable promises to all who followed him especially to his twelve apostles  He added that many who were first would be last  He instructed them by a parable of labourers going into a vineyard for many were called but few were chosen","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 18:18-30\", \"Mr 10:17-31\", \"Mt 19:16-30\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6427,"EventTxt":"Lazarus of Bethany was sick  Therefore  his sisters sent to Jesus to tell him of his sickness  As soon as he heard that he was sick  he stayed two more days in the place where he was but later he told his disciples to go again into Judea  They reminded him that just recently the Jews tried to stone him there and and did he really want to go back again  Jesus replied that Lazarus sleeps   speaking of his death  not of his sleep   and that they should go to him  Thomas added that we may die with him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 11:1-16","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6428,"EventTxt":"When Jesus came near Bethany  he found that Lazarus had been buried four days in the grave  Martha came to meet him  they talked about the resurrection  Mary heard of it and came quickly to him  When Jesus saw her weep  he also wept and went to the grave  He asked them to remove the stone and thanked his Father for hearing him  Jesus called Lazarus from his grave  Thereupon many believed on him and some went to the Pharisees and told them what things Jesus had done","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6429,"EventTxt":"Therefore the Pharisees convened a council in which Caiaphas prophesied about Jesus  From that day on  they consulted together how they might put him to death  They ordered that if anyone knew where he was  he should tell them so they could take him  Therefore Jesus did not walk publicly among the Jews but went into a city called Ephraim and stayed there with his disciples","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 11:17-54","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6430,"EventTxt":"As they were on the way up to Jerusalem  Jesus went ahead of them and they were afraid  He again took the twelve and began to tell them what things should happen to him but they did not understand","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 18:31-34\", \"Mr 10:32-34\", \"Mt 20:17-19\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6431,"EventTxt":"James and John  the sons of Zebedee  and their mother came to him and asked that they might sit in the kingdom  one on the right hand and the other on the left of Jesus  Jesus rebuked them and the rest were upset with those two disciples  Jesus admonished them all that he who would be great and first among them  must be the minister and servant of all","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 10:35-45\", \"Mt 20:20-28\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6432,"EventTxt":"It came to pass when he came near Jericho  a certain blind man sat begging by the way side  When he asked who it was that passed by and he was told it was Jesus of Nazareth  he earnestly implored his mercy even though the crowd rebuked him  Jesus called to him and he received his sight and followed him glorifying God","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 18:35-43","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6433,"EventTxt":"Jesus entered and passed through Jericho and saw Zacchaeus in a sycomore tree and told him he needed to stay at his house that day","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 19:1-10","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6434,"EventTxt":"As they left the city of Jericho  a large crowd following him  He restored the sight to two blind men  of which one was Bartimaeus   and they followed him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 10:46-52\", \"Mt 20:29-34\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6435,"EventTxt":"When they heard these things and because they were near Jerusalem  they thought that the kingdom of God should immediately appear  As they went  Jesus spoke the parable of the noble man that went into a far country who gave his ten servants ten pounds to invest until he returned  When he returned  he determined who had gained the most by trading  He rewarded each of them according to the proportion of their gain","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 19:11-27","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6436,"EventTxt":"The passover was near and many went from the country up to Jerusalem before the passover to purify themselves","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 11:55-57","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6437,"EventTxt":"Therefore six days before the passover  Jesus came to Bethany  They prepared a supper for him and Lazarus sat with him  Mary anointed his feet and wiped them with the hairs of her head  Jesus rebuked the criticism of Judas against her  Many people came there not only for Jesus  sake  but that they might see Lazarus  However  the chief priests consulted how they might put Lazarus to death also because many of the Jews believed on Jesus because of him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 12:1-11","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6438,"EventTxt":"When he had thus spoken  he went ahead and ascending up to Jerusalem  It came to pass when he was near Bethphage and Bethany  at the mount called the Mount of Olives  the  th day of March  he sent two of his disciples for an ass colt that was tied   Matthew makes mention of the she ass also","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 19:28-35\", \"Mr 11:1-7\", \"Mt 21:1-7\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6439,"EventTxt":"Therefore  they brought the colt to Jesus and put their garments on the colt and set Jesus on the colt  Many people met him who came to the feast  Many cast their garments in the way and others cut down branches of trees and spread them in the way  When he came to the descent of the Mount of Olives  the crowd who went before him and those who followed behind cried  hosanna to the son of David  Some of the Pharisees told him to rebuke his followers  He replied he would not  Therefore  the Pharisees said among themselves that the whole world was gone after him            Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 12:12-19\", \"Lu 19:36-40\", \"Mr 11:8-10\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6440,"EventTxt":"When he came near and saw the city  he wept over it  he predicted her utter destruction  When he entered into Jerusalem all the city was stirred and asked who he was      Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 19:41-44","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6441,"EventTxt":"Jesus went into the temple of God and cast out those who bought and sold in it and healed the blind and the lame in it  He justified the children who cried hosanna in the temple against the objections of the Pharisees and scribes  He taught daily in the temple they who heard him  were very attentive  However  the chief priests and elders of the people tried to destroy him      Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 19:45-48\", \"Mt 21:12-16\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6442,"EventTxt":"Some Greeks who came to worship at the feast wanted to see him  He told those that told him about these Greeks about his passion  He called on his Father and received an answer from heaven  Some thought it was thunder and others thought an angel spoke to him  He again spoke of the lifting of the Son of Man from the earth  He answered those who asked him who was the Son of Man  After he left there  he hid himself from them  When it was evening  he went with the twelve to Bethany  Although he had done so many miracles among them  they still did not believe on him that the word of Isaiah might be fulfilled  However  many of the rulers believed on him but did not confess him publicly for fear of the Pharisees  Jesus preached concerning faith in himself     Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 12:20-50","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6443,"EventTxt":"The next morning when he came from Bethany  he was hungry and saw a fig tree which only had leaves on it  He cursed it and it immediately withered  They came to Jerusalem and entered into the temple  He again expelled those who bought and sold and did not want anyone to carry a vessel through the temple  He taught them concerning faith in himself  However  the chief priests sought how they might destroy him for they feared him because all people were astonished at his doctrine  When evening came  Jesus left the city      Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mr 11:12-19","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6444,"EventTxt":"The next morning as they passed by the fig tree  they saw that it was dried up from the roots which Peter noted  Jesus preached to them about the power of faith especially in prayers  They again came to Jerusalem and as he walked in the temple and taught the people  the chief priests  elders and scribes came to him and asked by whose authority he did these things  Jesus replied by asking them about John s baptism  He spoke to them the parable of the two sons and asked them which of the two did the will of the father and then applied it to them  He also told the parable of the vineyard that was rented out to husbandmen and of their killing of the heir of the vineyard and made an application of this also  Therefore  from that hour  they sought to take him but they feared the people for the people thought he was a prophet  Again he propounded to them the parable of the king s son and the refusals and excuses of some that were bidden and the wickedness and punishments of others  especially of him who was not wearing a proper wedding garment  Then the Pharisees went and took council how they might entangle him in his talk  Therefore they sent out to him their disciples with the Herodians who asked if it was lawful to pay tribute to Caesar  They were astonished at his answer and left him and went their way","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 20:1-26\", \"Mr 11:13-12\", \"Mt 21:19-22\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6445,"EventTxt":"The same day the Sadducees came to him and asked about a woman who had the seven brothers for her husband  They wanted to know who would be her husband in the resurrection  When the multitude heard his answer to prove the resurrection  they were astonished at his doctrine  Then a Pharisee  a lawyer  tempted him and asked which is the greatest commandment in the law  After Jesus had replied he asked the Pharisee whose son Christ is  No man was able to answer him a word neither dared any man from that day on ask him any more questions","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 20:27-44","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6446,"EventTxt":"Then Jesus spoke to the multitude and to his disciples about the scribes and Pharisees  He pronounced a woe eight times against them and spoke to the city of Jerusalem and accused her of cruelty and obstinacy and foretold her desolation","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 20:45-47\", \"Mr 12:38-40\", \"Mt 23:1-39\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6447,"EventTxt":"As Jesus sat opposite the treasury  he commended a widow who cast in two mites more than those who cast in much more","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 21:1-4\", \"Mr 12:41-44\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6448,"EventTxt":"When he went out of the temple  his disciples showed him the buildings and its stones and he predicted its utter destruction","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 21:5-36\", \"Mr 13:1-37\", \"Mt 24:1-51\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6449,"EventTxt":"As Jesus sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple  his disciples asked him when would these things happen and what would be the sign of his coming and the end of the world  He gave a lengthy reply concerning the sign and his coming  He warned them to watch and to be ready for they did not know the hour when the Lord would come      Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 13:1-37\", \"Mt 24:1-51\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6450,"EventTxt":"He taught the same things by the parable of the ten virgins as by the parable of the talents given to the servants to invest  He described the judgment of this world  perhaps as a type of that  by setting the sheep on the right hand and the goats on the left and passing sentence on each of them  By day  he taught in the temple but at night he went to the Mount of Olives  All the people came to him early in the morning and he taught them in the temple   Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 25:1-46","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6451,"EventTxt":"When Jesus had finished these sayings  he told his disciples that after two days was the passover and the Son of Man would be betrayed to be crucified  The Jewish leaders consulted together in the palace of the high priest about how they might kill Jesus  They agreed that it should not be done on the feast day  lest there by a riot   Mr        Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6452,"EventTxt":"When he was in the house eating with Simon the Leper  he defended a woman who poured an alabaster box of ointment on his head because his disciples murmured about this  He foretold his burial","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 14:3-9\", \"Mt 26:6-13\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6453,"EventTxt":"Then Satan entered into Judas who was to betray Jesus to the Jewish leaders      Mr           The FOURTH PASSOVER in which CHRIST  our PASSOVER  was sacrificed   ICo      and so put an end to all the legal sacrifices prefiguring this one  The beginning of the fourth or middle year of the last week of Daniel   Da","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 22:1-13\", \"Mt 26:14-16\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6454,"EventTxt":"On the first day of unleavened bread  when the passover was slain  April  nd  his disciples asked Jesus where they should prepare it  He sent Peter and John into the city and told them that they would meet a man carrying a pitcher of water  They should follow him to his house and ask the owner of it for the use of the guest chamber  They would find the guest chamber already furnished by the good man of the house","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 14:12-16\", \"Mt 26:17-19\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6455,"EventTxt":"In the evening Jesus went with the twelve disciples and ate supper  Jesus said that he had greatly desired to eat this passover with them before his sufferings  He took the cup and asked them to divide it among themselves  He said that he would no more eat of the passover or drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God would come  He also said that one of them would betray him  They began to be sorrowful and asked one by one  if it was he  Jesus replied that it was the man who dipped his hand with him in the dish  When Judas asked if it was him  Jesus said it was","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 22:14-18\", \"Mr 14:17-21\", \"Mt 26:20-25\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6456,"EventTxt":"While they were eating  he instituted the sacrament of his body and blood which were symbolised by the bread and the wine  After he had drank the wine  he said that he would not drink of the fruit of the vine after this until he would drink it anew with them in the kingdom of his Father  He stated that the one who would betray him was eating with them  Then they began to enquire among themselves if anyone among them would do this         Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 22:19-23\", \"Mr 14:22-25\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6457,"EventTxt":"There was also a dispute among them of who would be the greatest  After supper  Jesus arose and laid aside his garments  He took a towel and girded himself and began to wash and to wipe his disciple s feet  At first Peter refused to have this done to him but later he consented  After this  Jesus sat down and said that he had given them an example  Just as he had done  they should likewise wash one another s feet  Whoever would be the greatest among them  must become the least  He added moreover that he was not speaking about everyone for he knew whom he had chosen  When he had said these things  he was troubled in the spirit and said that one of them would betray him  Therefore his disciples looked at each other and were uncertain of whom he referred to  Peter beckoned to the beloved disciple that he should ask who it was  Jesus answered that it was the one to whom he gave the sop after dipping it  He gave it to Judas and told him to quickly do what he had to do  When Judas had received the sop  he went out immediately and it was night","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 13:2-38\", \"Lu 22:24-30\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6458,"EventTxt":"After Judas left  Jesus said that now was the Son of Man glorified and God was glorified in him  He admonished them of his sudden departure and of their mutual love one for another  He also said to Simon that Satan had desired to sift him as wheat  However  Jesus said he had prayed for him and that when he was converted  he was to strengthen his brethren  Peter too confidently replied that he would die for Jesus  Jesus replied that he would deny him three times before the cock crowed  Then Jesus told them all that he who has a purse let him take it and he who did not have a sword  go and buy one  They said they had two swords to which Jesus replied that it was enough","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 22:31-38","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6459,"EventTxt":"Jesus anticipated their sorrow for his death and comforted them as he usually did  He answered the questions raised by Thomas  Philip and Judas   who is also Lebbaeus  surnamed Thaddaeus  another of the sons of Alphaeus  and brother of James   He promised them that the Holy Ghost would be their teacher and left his peace to them  Again he admonished them of his approaching death and of its joyful fruit  Then he said they should now leave  After they sang a hymn  they left for the Mount of Olives      Mr     Mt","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 14:1-31","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6460,"EventTxt":"On their way  he told them the parable of the vine and the branches and exhorted them to bring forth fruit and to remain in the love of God toward them  They should have mutual love one toward another and to endure patiently the hatred of the world which also hated Christ himself  They should not be offended by persecution  Again he comforted them for the sorrow they had about his approaching death  by the promise of sending them the Comforter  He would be the Spirit of Truth and witness against the world and help them  He warned them that in a little while  they would not see him  They did not understand what he meant  He explained it to them and said that their predicted sorrow would be turned into joy just as a woman rejoices who gives birth to a son  He predicted his return to them and told them of the love of the Father toward them and by his willingness to hear their petitions that they would make in his name  He said that he came from the Father into the world and he would again leave the world to return to the Father  His disciples said they now understood what he meant and believed that he came from God  Jesus replied that the time was now come when they all would be scattered and Christ would be left alone  At last he concluded with a most divine prayer to the Father for the mutual benefit of his own and the Father s glory  for the apostles and the whole company of believers","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 15:1-17","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6461,"EventTxt":"When Jesus had spoken these things  he went with his disciples as was his custom and crossed over the brook Kidron to the Mount of Olives  Then Jesus told them that all of them would be offended because of him that night  However  after he was risen again  he would go ahead of them into Galilee  Peter replied that although everyone would be offended  yet he would not be  Jesus told Peter that before the cock crew  he would deny him three times  To this both he and all the disciples replied that although they would die with him  they would never deny him   Joh     Lu","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Mr 14:27-31\", \"Mt 26:31-36\")","BibBk1":"Mr","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6462,"EventTxt":"Then they came into a place called Gethsemane where there was a garden  After Jesus had entered with his disciples  he told them to pray lest they fall into temptation  They were to sit there while he went away to pray  He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee with him and began to be very sorrowful  He told them to stay there and watch  He went a little further about a stone s throw and kneeled down and prayed that this cup might pass from him  And there appeared an angel from heaven who strengthened him  Then he returned and found his disciples sleeping  He reprehended and admonished them and went the second time and prayed more earnestly  He was in an agony and he began to sweat as it were drops of blood  He came again and found them sleeping for sorrow for their eyes were heavy  He again admonished them and they did not know what to say  He then left them and went away again and prayed the same words  Then he returned to his disciples and told them to sleep and take their rest  The Son of Man was betrayed into the hands of sinners  He told them to get up and go for the man who betrayed him was close by","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 22:40-46\", \"Mr 14:32-42\", \"Mt 26:36-46\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6463,"EventTxt":"While he was speaking  Judas arrived who knew the place   because Jesus often went there with his disciples   He brought with him the chief priests  Pharisees  captains of the temple  elders of the people  officers and a band sent from them  They came there with lanterns and torches and a large number with swords and staves  Judas had given a sign and said the one they were after would be the one he kissed  Judas immediately kissed Jesus  Jesus asked Judas why he came and would he betray the Son of Man with a kiss  Jesus who knew all things that would happen to him  went out to them and asked who they were after  They said they wanted Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus told them he was the one  They went backwards and fell to the ground  He asked them again and answered them as he did the first time and added that if they were only after him  to let the disciples go their way  They took him  When those who were around him saw what would happen they asked him if they should fight for him  Peter struck off the right ear of Malchus  a servant of the high priest s  Jesus told Peter to put away his sword and if he wanted to  he could call down more than twelve legions of angels  He said that he should drink of the cup that his Father had given him and they should allow it to happen  Jesus touched Malchus  ear and healed him  Jesus asked the crowd why they came to him as if he were a thief with swords and staves  He told them that this was their hour and the power of darkness  Then all his disciples left him and fled  A certain young man  of their company  was laid hold on and left his linen cloth and fled naked from them","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 18:3-11\", \"Lu 22:47-53\", \"Mr 14:43-52\", \"Mt 26:47-56\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6464,"EventTxt":"They bound Jesus and brought him first to Annas  the father in law of Caiaphas  Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas  the high priest  who had previously prophesied that it was expedient that one man should die for the people  All the chief priests  elders and scribes of the people were gathered together  Caiaphas asked Jesus concerning his disciples and his doctrine  Jesus said he had spoken publicly and to ask those that heard him  Therefore one of the officers struck him with a staff  Jesus asked him that if he had answered well  why did he hit him  Then all the council looked for false witnesses against him and could not find any  Finally two false witnesses came but their testimony disagreed with each other  Caiaphas asked Jesus to reply to what these witnesses said against him but Jesus said nothing  Then Caiaphas adjured him that he should say whether he was the Christ  Jesus answered that he was and they would see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the power of God and coming in the clouds of heaven  Therefore they judged him guilty of death for this blasphemy  Then they mocked and spat on him  They cruelly beat him with buffets and staves  They covered his eyes and asked him who had hit him  They did many other things and they spoke reproachfully against him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6465,"EventTxt":"Peter followed afar off to see the end of the matter  Another disciple accompanied him who was known to the high priest  He went with Jesus into the palace but Peter stood outside at the door whom that other disciple  who spoke to her who kept the door  had brought in  As Peter was warming himself at the fire that burned in the courtyard   for it was cold  the maid who kept the door asked him and affirmed that he was one of his disciples  Peter denied it and claimed that he did not know him or what the maid spoke about  A little later  he went out into the porch and the cock crew  As he was going out another maid saw him and said to those that were there that Peter was with Jesus of Nazareth  Another person said to him that he was one of the disciples  Then Peter again denied it with an oath  About an hour later  those who stood by came and said to him that his accent gave him away  The cousin of Malchus who was among the rest said that he had seen Peter in the garden  While he was speaking  the cock crowed the second time  Then Jesus turned around and looked at Peter  Peter remembered the words of Jesus and went out and wept bitterly","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 18:12-27\", \"Lu 22:54-65\", \"Mr 14:53-72\", \"Mt 26:57-75\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6466,"EventTxt":"As soon as it was day  the elders of the people  chief priests and the scribes came together and led him into their council and asked Jesus if he was the Christ  He replied that they would not believe him nor answer his questions nor let him go  Jesus said he was the Son of God and they replied that they did not need any more witnesses","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 22:66-71","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6467,"EventTxt":"Immediately in the morning  the whole multitude arose and led him bound to Pontus Pilate the governor  from Caiaphas to the hall of judgment   April  rd  They did not go into the judgment hall lest they would be defiled and unable to eat the passover  When Jesus stood before the governor  Pilate asked the crowd what was his crime  They said that if he was not a criminal  they would not have brought Jesus to him  They accused Jesus of perverting the country and forbidding any to pay tribute to Caesar  They also said that Jesus claimed to be Christ a king  Jesus refused to answer them and Pilate asked him why he did not defend himself against their many accusations  Jesus did not answer Pilate even so much as a word so that Pilate marvelled  Then Pilate told the crowd to take him and judge him according to their law  They replied that they did not have the power to kill him  Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again and called for Jesus  He asked Jesus if he were the king of the Jews  Jesus asked Pilate if he asked the question of his own accord or did others tell that to him  Pilate retorted that he was not a Jew and that his own people and the chief priests had brought him to him  He asked Jesus what had he done  Jesus stated that his kingdom was not an earthly kingdom  Pilate asked if he were a king to which Jesus said that this was the reason he came into the world so that be might witness to the truth  Pilate asked him what was truth and then went out again to the Jews and said Jesus was innocent  The crowd was more hostile and said he had stirred up the people and taught through all the country of the Jews starting at Galilee to this place","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6468,"EventTxt":"When Pilate heard about Galilee  he asked Jesus if he were a Galilaean  When he knew that he belonged to Herod s jurisdiction  he sent him to Herod who was at Jerusalem in those days  Herod was exceedingly glad and hoped to see some miracle  Jesus would not answer Herod or the chief priests and scribes who vehemently accused him  After Herod had set Jesus at naught and mocked him  he sent him back to Pilate arrayed in a gorgeous robe  Both the governors became friends that same day","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6469,"EventTxt":"When Pilate had called the chief priests and the rulers and the people  he told them that both he and Herod found Jesus innocent  Therefore he would chastise Jesus and release him  It was the custom on every feast day  for the governor to free any prisoner the people wanted  The crowd cried out aloud and began to desire that he would do for them as he had always done  Therefore  Pilate called them and asked whether they wanted him to release the king of the Jews or Barabbas  Pilate knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy  However  they stirred up the people that Pilate should release Barabbas to them instead of Jesus  Barabbas was an infamous thief who was imprisoned for insurrection and murder in the city  When Pilate sat in the judgment seat  his wife sent him a message saying that he should have nothing to do with that just man because she had suffered may things in a dream because of him that day","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6470,"EventTxt":"Therefore  Pilate asked the crowd again whom they wanted to have released because he really wanted to release Jesus  However  they all cried out and said they did not want Jesus but Barabbas  Therefore Pilate asked them what he should do with the one they called the king of the Jews  They all cried out again and said he should be crucified  Pilate asked a third time what was his crime and he found him innocent  He would chastise him and let him go free  Then they cried more earnestly in loud voices that he should be crucified  Then Pilate took Jesus and scourged him  The soldiers made a crown of thorns and placed it on his head and clothed him with purple  They mocked him and greeted him as the king of the Jews and beat him with staves  Therefore  Pilate went out again to them and said that he brought Jesus out to them whom he found innocent  Jesus was led out wearing the crown of thorns and the robe  Pilate told them to look at Jesus  When the chief priests and officers saw him  they cried out and said to crucify him  Pilate told them to take and crucify him but that he was innocent  The Jews replied that he should die because he said he was the Son of God  When Pilate heard that  he was more afraid and went again into the judgment hall and asked Jesus where he came from  Jesus did not reply  Then Pilate admonished him to answer and bragged that he had the power to crucify him  Jesus answered that he could have no power unless it was given to him from above","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6471,"EventTxt":"From that time on  Pilate tried to release him but the Jews replied that if he did he was not Caesar s friend  When Pilate heard this  he brought out Jesus and sat in the judgment seat in the place called the Pavement  It was the preparation for the passover and about the sixth hour  noon   He told the Jews that here was their king  They cried out that he should be crucified  Pilate asked if he should crucify their king but the chief priests said that they had no king but Caesar  When Pilate saw he was getting nowhere and that he had a potential riot on his hands  he took some water and washed his hands before the crowd  He said that he was innocent of the blood of this just person  All the people replied that his blood would be on them and their children  Then to placate the multitude  Pilate released Barabbas  After he had scourged Jesus  he did as the crowd wanted and ordered Jesus to be crucified         Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 19:1-30\", \"Lu 23:1-25\", \"Mt 27:11-31\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6472,"EventTxt":"When the soldiers of the governor had led Jesus into the hall called Praetorium  they called together the whole band  When they had stripped him  they put a scarlet robe on him  They made a crown of thorns and put it on his head and put a reed in his right hand  They bowed down and mocked him and greeted him as the king of the Jews  When they had spat on him  they took that reed and hit him on the head  After they had mocked him  they took off the purple robe from him and put his own clothes on him and led him out to be crucified","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6473,"EventTxt":"When Judas who had betrayed him  saw that he was condemned  he repented and brought the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests  He confessed his sin to them and after he cast the silver pieces into the temple  he went and hanged himself  They used the money to buy the potter s field that the prophesy might be fulfilled","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6474,"EventTxt":"Jesus went out carrying his cross  As they were leading him  they found Simon of Cyrene  who came from the country  They took him and compelled him to carry the cross after Jesus  There were two thieves that were led out with him to be crucified  There followed a great multitude of people and of women who lamented him  He turned to them and foretold the terrible destruction of Jerusalem  When they came to the place called Calvary  but in the Hebrew it is called Golgotha  they gave wine to him to drink which was mingled with myrrh and vinegar mingled with gall  When he had tasted it  he refused to drink it  They crucified him and the two thieves there  about the third hour    am   One thief was on each side of him  Jesus prayed to his Father to forgive them because they did not know what they were doing","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6475,"EventTxt":"Pilate wrote a superscription in Hebrew  Greek and Latin  and put it on the cross  The chief priests asked Pilate to change it and he refused  After they had crucified him  they divided his garments into four parts  one piece for each soldier who worked on the execution  They cast lots for his seamless coat rather than divide it up so that the scripture might be fulfilled  They sat down and watched him there and the people stood and watched","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6476,"EventTxt":"Those who passed by reviled him and shook their heads  They told him to come down from the cross because he said he could destroy the temple and raise it up again in three days  Likewise  the chief priests and rulers with the people  mocked and scoffed him along with the scribes and elders  They said that he could save others but he could not save himself  If he really was the king of Israel and that Christ  the chosen of God  then he should come down from the cross and then they would believe him  They said he trusted in God to save him for Jesus claimed to be the Son of God  The soldiers also mocked him and came to him  They offered him vinegar and said that if he was really the king of the Jews  he should save himself","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6477,"EventTxt":"Also the thieves who were crucified with him  threw the same in his face  While one of them continued in his railing against him  the other was converted and rebuked the other thief  He asked Jesus to remember him when he came into his kingdom  Jesus promised him that today he would be with him in paradise","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6478,"EventTxt":"His mother stood by his cross  as well as his mother s sister  Mary  the wife of Cleophas and Mary Magdalene  When Jesus  mother and the disciple whom he loved was standing beside her  he said to his mother to behold her son and to the disciple to behold his mother","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6479,"EventTxt":"When the sixth hour  noon  was come  there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour    pm   In the ninth hour    pm   Jesus cried out with a loud voice  Eli Eli  or   Eloi Eloi Lamia sabachthani  Some who stood by said that he called for Elijah  After this  when Jesus knew that all things were accomplished so that the scripture might be fulfilled  he said he was thirsty  Beside the cross there was a vessel full of vinegar  They filled a spunge with vinegar and put it upon hyssop or a reed  They put it to his mouth and said with the rest that they would wait and see if Elijah would come and take him down from the cross  When Jesus had received the vinegar  he said that it was finished  He again cried with a loud voice and commended his spirit to his Father  Jesus bowed his head and gave up the ghost  When the centurion saw that he had so cried out and died  he glorified God and testified that certainly this was an innocent man and the Son of God","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 23:26-46\", \"Mr 15:38-42\", \"Mt 27:32-50\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6480,"EventTxt":"The vail of the temple was ripped in two from the top to the bottom and there was an earthquake and the rocks were split  The graves were opened and many bodies of the saints who had died  arose  and came out of the graves after his resurrection and went into Jerusalem and appeared to many  When the centurion and those who stood around Jesus saw the earthquake and the things that were done  they were terrified and testified that certainly this was the Son of God  Then all the people who came to watch the crucifixion beat their chests and returned home  His acquaintances and the women who followed him from Galilee  stood a far off and saw these things  Among them was Salome  Mary Magdalene and Mary  the mother of James the Less and Joses  When he was in Galilee  these followed and ministered to him along with many other women who came up to Jerusalem with him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 23:47-49\", \"Mt 27:51-56\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6481,"EventTxt":"The Jews did not want the bodies to remain on the cross on the sabbath because it was the preparation   for that sabbath was an high day  They asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken down  Therefore the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two thieves but not of Jesus because he was already dead  One of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear and there immediately came out blood and water  These things were done so that the scripture might be fulfilled","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 19:31-37","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6482,"EventTxt":"When evening came  because it was the preparation  that is  the day before the sabbath  Joseph of Arimathea came to Pilate  Joseph was a rich man and an honourable councillor who also looked for the kingdom of God  He was a good and just man and had not consented in the council to their plans  He was a secret disciple for fear of the Jews but he came boldly to Pilate and begged the body of Jesus  Pilate marvelled that Jesus was already dead and questioned a centurion about Jesus  When Pilate knew it  he gave the body to Joseph  Nicodemus  who first came to Jesus at night  brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes about an hundred pound weight  Therefore they took the body of Jesus and wound it in a linen cloth with the spices as the manner of the Jews was in burying a body  When Joseph had wrapped it in a clean linen cloth  he laid it in his own new sepulchre which he had hewn from a rock which was never used previously  The sepulchre was in a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified  Joseph rolled a large stone to the door of the sepulchre  Mary Magdalene  and Mary the Mother of Joses  who came with Jesus from Galilee saw where they had laid him and sat opposite the sepulchre  They returned and prepared spices and ointments and rested on the sabbath day according to the commandment","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6483,"EventTxt":"The next day  April  th  the Pharisees asked Pilate that he secure the sepulchre until the third day because Jesus said he would arise on the third day  When Pilate agreed  they went and secured the sepulchre  They sealed the stone and set a watch","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 19:38-42\", \"Lu 23:50-56\", \"Mr 15:42-47\", \"Mt 27:57-61\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6484,"EventTxt":"When the sabbath was over   April the  th  and it dawned toward the first day of the week  very early in the morning while it was still dark  Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James  and Salome came with spices  They came to see the sepulchre and anoint Jesus  They wondered who would roll away the stone from the door for them  When the sun was risen  they came to the sepulchre and they saw the stone was rolled away  There was a great earthquake for the angel of the Lord came down from heaven and rolled away the stone and sat upon it  The women went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus  They were very perplexed by this when two men came to them in shining clothes and their faces were as lightning and their garments white as snow  Matthew and Mark mention only one angel  The guards shook for fear and became as dead men  When the women were afraid and bowed their faces to the earth  the angels told them not to be afraid for they were seeking Jesus who was crucified  They told them he was not dead but alive  They invited the women to see the sepulchre for themselves  They reminded them that when Jesus was still in Galilee with them  he told them that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men  be crucified and the third day rise again  The angels told them to quickly go and tell his disciples and Peter that he was risen again from the dead  Also they said that Jesus went ahead of them to Galilee and they would see him there  Then the women remembered the words of Jesus and they left quickly from the sepulchre with fear  wonder and great joy  They ran to tell his disciples but they said nothing to any man  as they went  for they were afraid  When the women had told these things to the eleven and to all the rest  their words seemed as idle tales  However  Mary Magdalene told Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved that they had taken away the Lord and they did not know where they had laid him","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6485,"EventTxt":"Peter and that other disciple left for the sepulchre but the other disciple outran Peter and came first to the sepulchre  When he stooped down  he saw the linen cloths lying there but did not go in  Then Peter came and went into the sepulchre and saw the linen clothes lying there and the napkin that was about his head not lying with the linen clothes but wrapped together in a place by itself  Then the other disciple went in and saw and believed and Peter went to his own home wondering about what had happened  As yet they did not know the scriptures that he must rise again from the dead  The disciples went to their own home","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6486,"EventTxt":"However Mary Magdalene stood outside the sepulchre and wept  While she wept  she stooped down into the sepulchre and saw two angels in white sitting there  the one at the head  and the other at the feet  where the body of Jesus had been  They asked her why she wept  She told them that they had taken away her Lord and she did not know where they had laid him  When she had said this  she turned around and saw Jesus standing but did not know that it was Jesus  Jesus asked her why she wept and whom she was looking for  She thought the man was the gardener and asked that if he had taken the body away  to show her where he had put the body  Jesus said Mary and she immediately recognised him  Jesus told her not to touch him for he had not yet ascended to his Father  She was to go and tell his brethren  She went and told his disciples and those that had been with him as they were weeping and mourning that she had seen the Lord and that he had said these things to her  They did not believe her  The women went from the sepulchre  perhaps Mary Magdalene was absent  that they might tell his disciples  Jesus met with the women and greeted them and they all came and held him by the feet and worshipped him  Jesus told them not to be afraid but to tell his brethren to go into Galilee and meet Jesus there","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6487,"EventTxt":"When they were going  some of the guard went into the city and told the chief priests all the things that had happened  When they were assembled with the elders  they took counsel that they would give a large amount of money to the soldiers  The soldiers were to say that his disciples came by night and stole the body away while they slept  If the governor heard about this  they said they would protect the soldiers from any harm  So they took their money and did as they were told  This saying is commonly reported among the Jews to this day","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 20:1-18\", \"Lu 24:1-12\", \"Mr 16:1-11\", \"Mt 28:1-15\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6488,"EventTxt":"Two of Jesus  followers went into the country that same day to the village of Emmaus which was about     miles from Jerusalem  As they journeyed  Jesus went along with them and they told him what things had happened in those days about Jesus of Nazareth  He was crucified and was supposed to rise again on the third day  Jesus showed them from the scriptures that it was necessary for Christ to suffer and to enter into his glory  In the village  when he had taken bread and given thanks and broke it and given it to them  he revealed himself to them and their eyes were opened although he appeared in another form  He vanished from their sight  They left the same hour and returned to Jerusalem to the eleven and those that were with them  They told these two that the Lord had risen indeed and had appeared to Simon  Then they told them what things had happened on the way and how he was known of them in the breaking of bread  They did not believe them      Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Lu 24:13-35","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6489,"EventTxt":"While they were still talking in the evening of the first day of the week  they had the doors shut for fear of the Jews  Jesus appeared and stood in their midst and greeted them  They were terrified and frightened and thought they had seen a spirit  However he upbraided them for their unbelief and hardness of heart because they had not believed those who had seen him since he had risen  He asked them why they were troubled and he showed them his hands and his feet and said that a spirit does not have flesh and bones  He showed them his hands  feet and his side  When they did not believed for joy and wondered  he asked them if there was anything to eat and he ate a piece of broiled fish  and an honey comb  The disciples rejoiced that they had seen the Lord  Jesus told them that what had happened was exactly what he had told them would happen so that all things would be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses  the prophets and in the Psalms about Christ  Then he opened their understandings so that they might understand the scriptures  He told them it was necessary for Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day so that repentance and remission of sins could be preached in his name among all countries  He said they were witnesses of these things  He gave them the promise from his Father  They were to stay at Jerusalem until they were endued with power from on high  Again he greeted them and said that as his Father had sent him  so he would send them  They were to go into all the world and preach the gospel to everyone  He who believed and was baptized would be saved but he who did not believe  would be damned  He would give them signs to authenticate their message  In the name of Jesus  they would cast out demons and speak in new languages  They would take up serpents and if they drank any deadly thing  it would not hurt them  They would lay their hands on the sick and they would recover  After he had said all these things  he breathed on them and told them to receive the Holy Ghost  Whomever sins they remitted  they would be remitted to them  Whomever sins they retained  they would be retained   Thus Jesus appeared five times on the very first day of his resurrection     Joh","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Lu 24:36-49\", \"Mr 14:14-18\")","BibBk1":"Lu","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6490,"EventTxt":"Thomas  who was called Didymus and one of the twelve  was not with them when Jesus came  When the rest of the disciples told him  that they had seen the Lord  he very confidently professed that he would not believe it  After eight days   April  th  Thomas was present with the rest and Jesus came when the doors were shut  He stood in their midst and greeted them and abundantly satisfied Thomas  unbelief","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Joh 20:24-29\", \"Lu 24:16-20\")","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6491,"EventTxt":"Then the eleven disciples went into Galilee to the mountain where he told them to meet him  When they saw him  they worshipped him but some doubted  When Jesus came to them  he said that he had all power and they were to go and tell the gospel message to everyone  He promised to be with them to the end of the world  After that  Jesus was seen by more than five hundred brethren at once and after that by James    ICo","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Mt 28:16-20","BibBk1":"Mt","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6492,"EventTxt":"Later Jesus showed himself to his disciples again at the sea of Tiberias or at least to seven of them as they were fishing  After they had fished all night and caught nothing  Jesus was standing on the shore and they did not recognise him  He told them to cast their net on the right side of the boat where they caught   large fish  Jesus bid them to come and dine with him and no one dared ask him who he was for they knew it was the Lord  When they had dined  he warned Peter three times of his pastoral charge  Jesus foretold the kind of death he would die  When Peter asked about John  Jesus replied but his answer was incorrectly understood by the brethren","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 21:1-24","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6493,"EventTxt":"Last of all  he appeared to his disciples in Jerusalem and led them out as far as Bethany  He lifted up his hands and blessed them  It came to pass as he blessed them  he was parted from them and carried up into heaven   Lu       Mr","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6494,"EventTxt":"Here ends the history of the acts of Christ by the four evangelists including his forerunner  John the Baptist  Josephus had a short note of honourable mention about John the Baptist   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  vv Herod the Tetrarch  killed John  surnamed the Baptist  who was a most excellent man  He motivated the Jews to the study of virtues especially of piety and justice  He encouraged them to be baptised which he said would be acceptable to God  if they made use of it  not for the remission of their sins only but first having their minds purged through righteousness then they would also purify the body  Many went out to him especially the common people who were pleased with his words  Herod feared lest the great authority of the man would cause some rebellion because they seemed as though they would listen to nothing which he advised them  He thought it safer to take him out of the way before there was any sedition rather than act when it was too late  Therefore he commanded him to be sent prisoner to Macharas and then to be put to death","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6495,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated this about Christ  our Lord   Josephus  Antiq         c        <c        >  vv At the same time there was a wise man named Jesus  if we may call him a man  He was a worker of miracles and a teacher of those who willingly receive the truth  He had many Jews and Gentiles who followed him and was believed to be the Christ  When Pilate had crucified him through the envy of our rulers  nevertheless those who first loved him continued loyal in their love for him and he appeared to them alive the third day  The prophets in their prophesies foretold both these and many other powerful things concerning him  The Christians  named after him  continue to this very day","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6496,"EventTxt":"Thus Jerome in his book of ecclesiastical writers has translated this place  His reading is  vv He was believed to be the Christ","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6497,"EventTxt":"is preferred before that of Eusebius   Eusebius  History Eccles   c      or Rufinus or as it is in our books  vv This was the Christ","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6498,"EventTxt":"It is clear that Josephus came no nearer to our religion than King Agrippa to whom he was most devoted whose confession to Paul was   Ac      Almost you have persuaded me to be a Christian","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6499,"EventTxt":"Cornelius Tacitus stated  vv Christ was put to death by Pontius Pilate  the governor of Judea in the reign of Tiberius   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6500,"EventTxt":"Lucian the martyr in Rufinus testifies to the darkness at that time by appealing to the writings of the heathen themselves   Eusebius  History Eccles         c      vv Search your writings and you shall find in Pilate s time when Christ suffered that the sun was suddenly withdrawn and a darkness followed","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6501,"EventTxt":"Before him Tertulian  Tertulian  Apologetic to the Gentiles  c      stated  vv At the same moment the day was withdrawn even when the sun was at the height  Those that never knew that this also was spoken concerning Christ  judged it to be nothing but an eclipse  However  you shall find this event that happened to the world  recorded even on your own monuments","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6502,"EventTxt":"Thallus   Thallus  Histories        called this an eclipse and Phlegon of Tralles  Phlegon  Chronicles          also called it an eclipse   Thallus lived at the time of these events and wrote a history starting from the Trojan War down to the death of Christ    Oxford Classical Dictionary  p       Phlegon lived at the time of Hadrian and wrote a history starting from the first Olympiad down to   AD    Oxford Classical Dictionary  p       Editor   Thallus was quoted by Julius Africanus in his third chronography  Africanus was a contemporary of Origen  Phlegon was quoted in Origin s book  Origin  against Celsus  p        Greek edition  and in his  th tract  Phlegon stated that at the  th year of Tiberius  as Eustathius Antiochus notes in Hexameron  and the fourth year of the  nd Olympiad  e g    AD  are these words   Ussher has a large quote from the Greek from Origin  Editor   Jerome translated this in Eusebius  Chronicle to Latin   Ussher has a large quote in Latin from Jerome translation of Eusebius  Editor   The English translation is  vv There was a large and most famous eclipse that has ever happened  The day was so turned into night at the sixth hour  noon  so that the stars were seen  An earthquake also in Bithynia destroyed many houses in the city of Nice","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6503,"EventTxt":"Sir Robert Anderson      Anderson  The Coming Prince  p       gives the dates for the passover from   AD to   AD  Note that the passover would start at sundown for the previous day and end at sundown for the date shown  The passover meal would be eaten the previous evening  These are  Year Passover AD Day Date   Sunday April     Thursday March     Wednesday April     Sunday April     Thursday March     Wednesday April     Monday March     Sunday April     Thursday April     Tuesday March     Monday April     Friday April     Tuesday March     Monday April     Friday March     Thursday April","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6504,"EventTxt":"Anderson independently confirmed the date for passover that Ussher computed for   AD hence we assume his other calculations are equally accurate  He stated at length in his book how these were done so it appears he did his homework well  The day of the week was calculated independently by the editor using the the Online Bible Calendar program and was not included with the original materal by Anderson  Ironically  Anderson selected   AD date as the year that Christ died and goes to great pains to show why the Jews celebrated the passover on the wrong day  that is on Friday not Monday  The only plausible date from the list is   AD for Good Friday as the only other date for Good Friday would be in   AD which is too late  This independently confirms the writings of Phlegon  Editor","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6505,"EventTxt":"From the history of the gospels about the sayings and acts of Christ  Luke makes this transition to the Acts of the Apostles  vv The former treatise I have made O Theophilus  of all that Jesus began to do and teach  until the day  of our May  th   in which he was taken up  after that he through the Holy Ghost  had given commandments to his apostles whom he had chosen  to whom also he showed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs  being seen of them forty days and speaking of things pertaining to the kingdom of God","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 1:1-3","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6506,"EventTxt":"When they were assembled together with them  the Lord commanded them that they should not leave Jerusalem but should wait for the promise of the Father which was the soon baptism of the Holy Ghost   Ac            The apostles asked the Lord  if he would at this time restore the kingdom to Israel  He replied that it was not for them to know the times that the Father had put in his own power  However  they would receive the Holy Ghost and would bear witness of him  not only in Jerusalem  Judea and Samaria  but to the uttermost parts of the earth  After he had spoken these things while they saw him  he was taken up and a cloud received him from their sight  They were also instructed by two angels who suddenly appeared in white clothes  They said that he would come again  for judgment  in the very same way as they now saw him go up into heaven","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 1:6-1","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6507,"EventTxt":"When they had worshipped him  they returned to Jerusalem with great joy  Lu      from the Mount of Olives which was a sabbath day s journey from there   Ac      The Syrian version writes seven furlongs  about   of a mile   Likewise does Theophylact based on Josephus  However  our copies of Josephus read that the Mount of Olives was either   furlongs    of a mile   Josephus  Antiq         c      or    Josephus  Wars        c      as the Greek  or  Josephus        c      as the Latin copy has it","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6508,"EventTxt":"The eleven apostles stayed in an upper room in Jerusalem and continued with one accord in prayer with the women  Mary the mother of Jesus and his brothers   Ac","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6509,"EventTxt":"In those days  Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples  who numbered abut    and spoke to them about choosing a successor for the traitor Judas  He had thrown himself down headlong and burst in the midst  When they had prayed  they cast lots between Joseph  called Barsabas  and Matthias  The lot fell to Matthias and he was chosen to be numbered with the apostles","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 1:15-26","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6510,"EventTxt":"On the day of Pentecost  May  th  when all the   were assembled together with one accord  there suddenly came a sound from heaven like a mighty rushing wind and it filled all the house where they sat  There appeared to them cloven tongues like of fire which sat on each of them and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost  They began to speak with other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance  At Jerusalem were devout Jews from every country under heaven  When they heard these speaking in their own languages the wonderful things of God  they were all amazed  However others profanely derided the miracle  Peter  in a most grave sermon  refuted their charge of drunkenness since it was only the third hour    am  of the day     am  He then expounded to them about Christ from the law and the prophets and proved that he was risen  Through the power of the Spirit    were converted  Peter commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for remission of sins   Ac","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6511,"EventTxt":"They continued steadfastly in the apostles  doctrine and fellowship  They broke bread and prayed  Fear came upon every soul and the apostles performed many signs and wonders  All who believed were together and had all things common and sold their possessions and goods  They gave them to all men according to their needs  They continued daily with one accord in the temple and broke bread from house to house  They ate with gladness and singleness of heart  They praised God and had favour with all the people  The Lord added daily to the church such as should be saved","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 2:42-47","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6512,"EventTxt":"Peter and John went up together into the temple about the hour of prayer which was the ninth hour     pm  At the gate of the temple  called Beautiful  they healed in the name of Christ  a man who had been lame from his birth who was about   years old  For this reason  the people came running into Solomon s porch  Peter expounded the mystery of salvation through Christ and upbraided their ingratitude and exhorted them to repentance  Many who heard him believed and the number of men were about    However  the priests and rulers of the temple with the Sadducees came and took Peter and John and put them in prison until the next day because it was then evening  The next day the council was convened  in which were Annas the high priest who was the president of the council along with Caiaphas and John and Alexander and as many as were of the high priest s relatives   The apostles were called in question about the miracles they had done  They boldly defended the cause of Christ and the council forbid them to speak any more in the name of Christ  The apostles replied that it was better to obey God than men  They were threatened and released  The apostles returned to their own home  where  together with the whole church  they poured out fervent prayer to God for the propagation of the gospel  The Lord answered this prayer by causing an earthquake and sending his Holy Spirit into their hearts","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 3:1-4","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6513,"EventTxt":"The multitude of those who believed had one heart and one soul and they had all things in common  No one lacked anything because as many as had lands or houses  went and sold them  They brought the money and laid it down at the apostles  feet to be distributed to the poor  Josephus or Joses  a Levite  from Cyprus surnamed by the apostles  Barnabas   e g  the son of consolation  set the first example by selling his possessions","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 4:32-37","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6514,"EventTxt":"Ananias and Sapphira his wife  fraudulently agreed together to keep back some of the money they received for the land they sold  They lied and said they had given the whole amount  They were struck dead by the word and rebuke only of Peter who exposed the fraud and avenged it by the power of the Holy Ghost to whom they had lied  Great fear fell on all the church and on as many as heard of these things","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 5:1-11","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6515,"EventTxt":"The apostles performed many miracles among the people and they were all together with one accord in Solomon s Porch  None of the rest dared join them however the people magnified them and the Lord added more believers to the church  They brought the sick into the streets that at the very least when the shadow of Peter passed over them  they would be healed  A large multitude came from the cities around Jerusalem and brought the sick and those who were vexed with unclean spirits and they were all healed","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 5:12-16","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6516,"EventTxt":"The high priest and the Sadducees who were with him  were envious and cast the apostles into prison  In the night they were freed by an angel and told to teach the people boldly and without fear  When they were brought to the council  they escaped death through the advice of Gamaliel a Pharisee  He was a doctor of the law and held in much esteem among the people  After they had been scourged  they were freed  They left the council rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for the name of Jesus  They taught daily in the temple   Ac","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4046b AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6517,"EventTxt":"The number of believers increased at Jerusalem and the money that came in helped support the poor of the church  There arose  as it commonly happens among a multitude  a murmuring of the Greeks against the Hebrews because they thought their widows were neglected in the daily distribution of the church s money  The apostles did not have time to be involved in distributing the gifts from the rich of the church to the poor or to manage the money that came in from the sale of property for the church  Seven men were chosen to be stewards of the church s goods and manage that service  These were Stephen  Philip  Prochorus  Nicanor  Timon  Parmenas and Nicholas  a proselyte of Antioch   It was evident because they all had Greek names that in this selection  there was no way the Greeks could say they were ignored   The word of the Lord increased and the number of the disciples was multiplied at Jerusalem and many of the priests were obedient to the faith","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 6:1-7","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6518,"EventTxt":"Stephen did many wonders and miracles among the people and stoutly defended the cause of Christ against the Jews of the synagogue of the Libertines  those freed by their masters   Cyrenians  Alexandrians and of those from Cilicia and Asia  He disputed with them about Christ and when they could not resist the wisdom and spirit by which he spoke  they falsely accused him  They captured him and brought him before the council  They had false witnesses who would swear that they heard him speak blasphemous words against the temple and the law","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 6:8-15","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6519,"EventTxt":"In a long speech before the high priest  Annas  and the council  Stephen showed that the true worship of God was observed by Abraham and his posterity before the temple was built by Solomon and even before Moses was born  He stated that Moses testified of Christ and that the outward ceremonies that were given to their fathers  were only to last for a time  Then  he sharply reprehended the Jews because they had always resisted the Holy Ghost and had wickedly put Christ to death whom the prophets had foretold would come into the world  Thereupon  the council was mad with rage and they cast that holy man out of the city and stoned him to death while he was praying for them","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 7:1-60","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6520,"EventTxt":"Before the witnesses  according to the law   De       were about to throw the first stones at Stephen  they laid their garments at a young man s feet called Saul  He watched their clothes and consented to the death of Stephen   Ac              Saul was a man  an Hebrew of the Hebrews  of the tribe of Benjamin  born at Tarsus in Cilicia which Strabo stated was a famous city for the study of philosophy and the liberal sciences    Strabo             Saul was of the sect of the Pharisee and the son of a Pharisee  At that time he studied divinity in Jerusalem in the synagogue of the Cilicians  He frequented the school of Gamaliel who was that famous doctor among the Pharisees and a most strict observer of the law of Moses and of the traditions delivered to the fathers   Ac                      Co     Ga     Php","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6521,"EventTxt":"Devout men carried Stephen to his burial and made a great lamentation for him   Ac","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6522,"EventTxt":"Aelius Lamia died at Rome who was the absentee governor of Syria  Flaccus Pomponius  the true governor of Syria  died in the province   Tacitus  Annals     c       Suetonius  Tiberius  c","YearBCAD":33,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4746,"Dating":"4037a AM, 4746 JP, 33 AD"}
{"Index":6523,"EventTxt":"Herod Agrippa had his daughter Mariamme by Cypros  ten years before his death   Josephus        c     <c        >       c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6524,"EventTxt":"There arose a great persecution after the death of Stephen against the whole church which was at Jerusalem   Ac          Saul in an exceedingly great rage  made havock of the church  He received authority from the chief priests and he testified against the saints who were killed  He also entered into every house and took captive men and women  He bound and put them in prison and often beat them in every synagogue  He compelled some to deny Christ and to blaspheme while he persecuted to death others who kept the faith   Ac                         Ga       Php     ITi","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6525,"EventTxt":"This persecution dispersed the church into various countries but was for the great advantage of the church  The apostles were left alone at Jerusalem while the rest  of whom there were some thousands   Ac          were dispersed into the regions of Judea and Samaria  They preached the gospel wherever they went      Others went to Damascus   Ac        among whom was Ananias  a devout man according to the law and one who had a good report among all the Jews who lived there   Ac      It is very likely that others went even to Rome itself and among them Junias and Andronicus who were of note among the apostles and relatives of this persecutor  Paul  They had embraced the faith before him   Ro      Others travelled as far as Phenice  Cyprus and Antioch and preached the word of God to the Jews only   Ac      That is to those who were dispersed among the Gentiles   Jas     IPe","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 8:1-4","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6526,"EventTxt":"Philip was among those who went to Samaria  He was the second in order after Stephen the first martyr among the seven that were chosen   Ac          Philip came into the city of Samaria and preached Christ there  The people with one accord listened to what he said  They saw the miracles which he did  for unclean spirits cried out with a loud voice and came out of many  He healed many who were stricken with palsies and who were lame  There was great joy in that city and many men and women believed and were baptized  Also Simon Magus listened to Philip  For a long time Simon had bewitched the people of Samaria with his sorceries  Everyone said this was the great power of God  When Simon saw the great signs and wonders which Philip did  he believed and was baptized also","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 8:5-13","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6527,"EventTxt":"When the apostles  who were at Jerusalem  heard that Samaria had received the word of the Lord  they sent Peter and John to them  When they prayed and laid their hands on them  the new converts received the Holy Ghost  When Simon Magus saw this  he offered them money so that he also might receive the gift of conferring the Holy Ghost  Peter sharply rebuked his mad impiety and warned him to repent of his wickedness and to ask pardon from God  Simon desired the apostles to pray for him to the Lord  When they had completed their ministry in those regions  they returned to Jerusalem and preached the gospel in the villages of Samaria as they went","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 8:14-25","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6528,"EventTxt":"After many ages had past  a bird called the Phoenix returned to Egypt and the learned Egyptians and the Greeks discussed many things about this miracle   Tacitus  Annals        c      Dio stated that this bird appeared in Egypt two years later    Dio","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6529,"EventTxt":"Philip the tetrarch who was always reputed a modest man and a lover of ease and quietness  died in the twentieth year of Tiberius  He had governed Trachonitis  Gaulanitis  and Batanaea for thirty seven years and died at Julias  He was put in a monument that he built previously for himself in which he was magnificently and sumptuously interred  Since he died without children  Tiberius annexed that principality to the province of Syria  However  the tributes which were collected in this tetrarchy  were to be kept within the borders of that country   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6530,"EventTxt":"At Rome in this twentieth year of Tiberius  reign  the consuls  Lucius Vitellius and Fabius Priscus held the ten years games that they might as it were extend the government for him  as it used to be done to Augustus    Dio","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6531,"EventTxt":"In this year   as Dio has it  or three years later  as Tacitus hints at the end of the fifth book of his annals  this story is told  A certain young man said that he was Drusius Germanicus  son  He was seen first in the islands of the Cyclades and soon after that on the continent of Greece and Ionia  He was attended by some of Caesar s freed men  The ignorant were allured by the fame of his name and by the minds of the Greeks ready for new and wonderful things  For they pretended and also believed that if he could get from those who kept him  he would go to his father s armies and would invade Egypt or Syria  When Poppaeus Sabinus heard these things  who was in charge of Macedonia and Achaia  he entered Nicopolis which was a Roman colony  There he knew that the young man who when he was more closely examined  had said that he was Marcus Silanus  son and that many of his followers had sailed away and he sailed as if he would go to Italy  Tacitus says he was never seen again and this was the end of the matter  However  Dio added that this impostor was willingly received by the cities and strengthened with troops  He would have had without doubt come into Syria and taken over the armies had not someone recognised him and apprehended him and sent him to Tiberius   Tacitus  Annals        c        Dio","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4037,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4037b AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6532,"EventTxt":"Philip the Evangelist  was directed by an angel and went to Gaza which is a desert  See note on   AM    He met an eunuch  who had the charge of the treasure of Candace  the queen of the Ethiopians   in Meroe  and was returning in his chariot from Jerusalem where he had been to worship  He was reading from Isaiah when the Spirit told Philip to go to him  Philip instructed him in the faith of Christ and baptized him  Philip was immediately caught away out of his sight by the Spirit of the Lord and was found at Azotus  He passed through the country and he preached the gospel in all the cities until he came to Caesarea","YearBCAD":34,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 8:26-40","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4747,"Dating":"4038a AM, 4747 JP, 34 AD"}
{"Index":6533,"EventTxt":"Saul was still breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord and obtained letters from the high priest  Annas   Ac      and the council of which he was then president  for the synagogues of Damascus  They stated that if he found any who were Christians  he was to bring them bound to Jerusalem so that they might be punished  As he came near Damascus at noon  a light from heaven brighter than the sun shone around him and those who were with him  When they had all fallen to the earth  he heard a voice speaking to him in the Hebrew language  vv Saul  Saul  why persecutest thou me  it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks   Ac","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6534,"EventTxt":"He asked who it was and was told  VV I am Jesus of Nazareth whom thou persecutest  but rise and stand upon thy feet  I have appeared to thee for this purpose  to make thee a minister and a witness both of those things that thou hast seen and of those things in the which I will appear to   delivering thee from the people  and from the Gentiles  to whom now I send thee  to open their eyes  and turn them from darkness to light  and from the power of Satan to God  that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among them that are sanctified by faith that is in me","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 26:15-18","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6535,"EventTxt":"Saul was trembling and full of fear and asked what the Lord would have him do  He was told to go to Damascus and await further instructions  The men who journeyed with Saul were so amazed that they were speechless  They saw the light and heard a sound of words but did not see Christ who spoke nor understood anything that he spoke","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 9:1-7","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6536,"EventTxt":"Saul arose from the earth and was blinded with the glory of the light  They led him by the hand to Damascus  Ac              where he stayed for three days without sight and did not eat or drink  Now there was a certain disciple named Ananias  to whom the Lord spoke by a vision  He was told to go to the street called Straight and enquire for Saul of Tarsus in the house of Judas  The Lord told him that Saul was praying   Then Saul saw in a vision  Ananias coming and laying his hands on him that he might receive his sight   Ananias objected that he had heard of this fellow and he had power from the religious leaders in Jerusalem to take all the Christians  The Lord told Ananias to go  for Saul would become a great missionary and witness for Christianity and would suffer much for it  Ananias went to the house and laid his hands on Saul  He told Saul that Jesus had appeared to him on his way to Damascus and he had come to restore his sight and to anoint him with the Holy Ghost  Immediately  there fell from his eyes as it were scales and he received his sight","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 9:9-18","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6537,"EventTxt":"Ananias told him  vv The God of our fathers hath chosen thee  that thou shouldest know his will  and see that just one  and shouldest hear the voice from his mouth  for thou shalt be a witness before all men  of those things that thou hast heard and seen  and now why tarriest thou  arise and be baptized and be washed from thy sins  calling on the name of the Lord","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 22:14-16","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6538,"EventTxt":"Saul arose and was baptized  He ate and was strengthened   Ac","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6539,"EventTxt":"Luke does not tell us in Acts what was revealed from the Lord to Saul at Damascus that he should do  We learn what happened immediately after his conversion from the book of Galatians  He was told not to confer with men nor go to Jerusalem to the apostles but should spend some time in Arabia or places near Damascus  There he would receive the knowledge of the gospel not from men but directly from Jesus Christ   Ga","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6540,"EventTxt":"After this  Saul returned to Damascus  Ga      and spent a few days with the disciples  He immediately preached in the synagogues that Christ was the Son of God  They were all amazed who heard these things  and said that is not this the one who came from Jerusalem to bind the Christians to take them back to Jerusalem  Saul increased in strength more and more and confounded the Jews who dwelt at Damascus and taught that Jesus was the Christ   Ac         He first preached the gospel to the Jews who lived in Damascus   Ac","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6541,"EventTxt":"Tiberius was informed by Pilate from Palestine  concerning the affairs of Christ  Tiberius proposed to the senate that Christ should be considered one of the gods  The senate opposed this but Tiberius did not change his mind and threatened that  vv it would be dangerous for any to accuse a Christian","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6542,"EventTxt":"So it is related by Tertullian  Tertullian  Apologetic  c         and others that follow him   Eusebius  Chronicles   Eusebius  History Eccles         c      Our English writer  Gildas in a letter about the destruction of Britain  which if granted  we may correctly say  that the first persecution after the murder of Stephen which arose in Judaea ceased partly by the conversion of Saul who greatly promoted it and partly through the fear of Tiberius","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6543,"EventTxt":"L  Vitellius who the year before was consul at Rome  was sent by Tiberius as the proconsul for Syria  He arrived in Jerusalem  at the very feast of the passover and received an honourable welcome  He remited the whole tribute of the fruits put out for sale and allowed that the high priest s garment with all that belonged to it should be stored in the temple by the priests  It was formerly kept by the Roman governor in the citadel of Antonia  Thus he satisfied the Jews  He put Jonathan the son of Ananus  or Annas  for the high priest instead of Joseph Caiaphas  He then went to Antioch    Josephus        c  ult  <c        >    c     <c          >","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6544,"EventTxt":"After Artaxias  the king of Armenia had died  Artabanus  the king of Parthia  made Arsaces  the oldest of his children  to be king over the Armenians  Since Tiberius did not object or interfere  he made an attempt on Cappadocia and demanded the treasure left by Vonones in Syria and Cilicia and asserted his right to the ancient boundaries of the Persians and Macedonians  He bragged and threatened that he would invade all that was possessed by Cyrus or Alexander  Sinnaces was a rich noble man and was supported by Abdus  an eunuch  They drew away the principal men of the Parthians to them  They could find no suitable descendants for Arsacides the king  since most of them were killed by Artabanus or too young to be king  They sent secret messengers to Tiberius to request for their king  Phraates  the son of Phraates  the son of Phraates the  rd who was kept hostage at Rome   Tacitus  Annals        c       Dio","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6545,"EventTxt":"Tiberius sent Phraates sufficiently armed into his father s kingdom and manipulated foreign policy by astute diplomacy without warfare while he stayed quietly in Rome  In the meantime  these conspiracies became known  Artabanus invited Abdus under the pretence of friendship to a banquet and gave him a slow poison  He pretended friendship to Sinnaces with gifts and kept him busy doing other things  When Phraates came into Syria  he abandoned the Roman manner of life to which he had been accustomed and resumed the Parthian customs  He was unable to handle his country manners and fell sick and died   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6546,"EventTxt":"After the death of Phraates  Tiberius sent Tiridates  rd who was from the same royal family and who was an enemy to Artabanus  To help him get the kingdom quicker  Tiberius wrote to Mithridates the Iberian that he should invade Armenia  Tiberius hoped by this means to draw Artabanus from his own kingdom while he helped his son  To this end  he reconciled Mithridates to his brother Pharasmanes  who succeeded his father Mithridates in the kingdom of Iberia  He egged on Pharasmanes himself and the king of the Alanes with large gifts  to suddenly make war on Artabanus  Tiberius made L  Vitellius the general over all these preparations in the east   Tacitus        c       Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >    Dio","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6547,"EventTxt":"Mithridates induced his brother Pharasmenes to advance his endeavours by policy and force  Arsaces  the son of Artabanus  was killed by his servants who were bribed to do this by large sums of gold  The Iberians invaded Armenia and destroyed the city Artaxara  When Artabanus knew these things  he outfitted his son Orodes to revenge it  He gave him the Parthian troops and sent others to get mercenaries  On the other side  Pharasmenes allied himself to Albanius and summoned the Samaritans to his help whose princes are called Sceptruchi  When the Samaritans had received gifts from both sides as the custom of that country was  it supplied troops to both sides  The Iberians controlled all the passes and had the Samaritans enter Armenia by the Caspian passes  Those Samaritans who came from the Parthians were easily driven back  There was only one pass available to them and it was between the farthest Albanian Mountains and the shore of the Caspian Sea  It is impassable in the summer because the Etesian gales flood the seaboard    Tacitus  Annals        c       Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6548,"EventTxt":"When Pharasmenes had received reinforcements  he forced Orodes to fight who was destitute of his allies  In the battle  he wounded Orodes through his helmet but could not hit him again because he was carried away with his horse and the stoutest of his guard defended their wounded king  Nevertheless a false rumour spread that he was slain and the Parthians believed it and were appalled and lost the battle   Tacitus  Annals        c        Hence the Parthians lost Armenia again  Josephus        c     <c        >  and it was given to Mithridates of Iberia    Dio","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4038,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4038b AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6549,"EventTxt":"Immediately after this  Artabanus went with the whole strength of his kingdom to revenge this  However the Iberians were successful through their better knowledge of the terrain  Artabanus would not have given up had not Vitellius gathered together his legions and spread a rumour  as if he would invade Mesopotamia  Artabanus was afraid of the Roman forces  After this Artabanus  fortune declined  He lost Armenia and Vitellius enticed his subjects to abandon their king who was a tyrant in peace and unlucky in war  Thereupon Sinnaces had a secret conference with Abdageses and others and made them revolt  The way was already prepared by the continual Parthian defeats  His subjects served through fear not good will and were encouraged when they had captains to follow  Vitellius bribed some friends and relatives of Artabanus to try to kill him  When Artabanus knew of the conspiracy  he could not find any way to thwart it  He was in danger from his nobility and he suspected even those who remained under his protection  He fled to the higher provinces and places near to Scythia and hoped for help from the Carmanians and Hyrcanians with whom he was related by marriage   Tacitus  Annals        c       Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":35,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4748,"Dating":"4039a AM, 4748 JP, 35 AD"}
{"Index":6550,"EventTxt":"Agrippa  the son of Aristobulus  when he was in great financial need at Ptolemais  borrowed money at interest from Protus a freed man and previously from his mother Bernice who had died  He used the help of Marsyas  his own freed man  He extorted from Marsyas a bill of his hand for     Attic drachmas deducting out of that sum   for Marsyas himself which he might the easier do because Agrippa could not otherwise choose otherwise       When he got this money  he went to Anthedon and prepared to sail to Italy  When Herennius Capita  the procurator of Jamnia heard that he was there  he sent soldiers there to exact of Agrippa the     drachmas of silver he owed to Caesar s treasury when he lived at Rome  By this means he was forced to stay  Thereupon he made a pretence of obeying their commands but as soon as it was night  he cut his cables and sailed to Alexandria  There  he offered to borrow from Alexander Alabarcha     drachmas of silver  He said that he would lend him nothing but would lend to his wife Cypros for he admired in her  her love for her husband and her other virtues  When she had become his security  Alexander Alabarcha advanced him five talents at Alexandria  He promised to deliver the rest to him at Puteoli because he feared Agrippa would be a bad debt    Josephus  Antiq         c       <c          >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6551,"EventTxt":"Philo  the Jew  mentions the arrival of Agrippa to the city of Alexandria  Philo  Flaccus  when Flaccus was at that time governor of Egypt  Josephus stated that Philo was the brother of Alexander Alabarcha   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c      >  Jerome also states in his catalogue of ecclesiastical writers  that Philo was of the same family of the priests  Thereupon Baronius  on   AD  numb      thinks Philo to be none other than that Alexander  Ac      who is said to be of the family of the Priests  However  this was that Alexander Lysimachus  who bore the office of alabarch  a governor of the Jews  at Alexandria   of whom Juvenal in his first satire  and previously was the steward of Antonia  the mother of the Emperor Claudius and father of Tiberius Alexander  the governor of Judea  Alexander was the richest of all the Jews of Alexandria   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >       c     <c        >  He melted gold and silver for the gates of the temple at Jerusalem   and not his father  as Baronius wrote in the previously mentioned place    Josephus  Wars        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6552,"EventTxt":"When Cypros had supplied her husband for his journey to Italy  she returned with her children to Judea by land  When Agrippa came to Puteoli  he wrote to Tiberius Caesar who was then living at Capreae  He told him that he had come so far to see him and asked permission to come to the island  Tiberius immediately wrote back a kind answer that he would be glad to see him at Capreae  Tiberius received him with great cheerfulness when he came and embraced and lodged him   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c     >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6553,"EventTxt":"The next day  Caesar received letters from Herennius concerning the     of silver drachmas Agrippa owed  Tiberius ordered those of his house that Agrippa should not be admitted until he had paid the debt  He was dismayed at Caesar s displeasure and begged Antonia  the mother of Germanicus and Claudius   later Emperor  that she would lend him     drachmas lest he should loose the friendship of Caesar  She recalled the friendship her and Bernice  Agrippa s mother and that he had been brought up with her son Claudius and so lent him the money  He paid his debt and regained Tiberius  favour and was so thoroughly reconciled to Caesar that he commended to Agrippa s charge  his nephew  Tiberius the twin  the son of Drusus  He ordered him that he should dutifully attend him wherever he went  Since he was deeply obliged to Antonia for this benefit  he began to reverence Caius  Caligula  her nephew  who was gracious in all men s eyes and honoured for the memory of his father  There was there by chance at the same time  Thallus  a Samaritan  from whom he borrowed       Drachmas and repaid Antonia s debt  He kept the rest so he could more honourably attend to Caius   Josephus  Antiq         c    <c        >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6554,"EventTxt":"Tigranes was the son of Alexander  that was killed by his father Herod  and of Glaphyra   the daughter of Archelaus  King of the Cappadocians   He had turned from the Jews to the Greek s religion and was the king of Armenia for a time  He was accused at Rome and there punished and died without children   Tacitus  Annals        c        Josephus  Annals        c     <c     >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6555,"EventTxt":"The Cietae  a tribe in Cilicia Thrachea  were subject to Archelaus the Cappadocian  They were compelled after the Roman custom  to bring in the value of their annual revenues and to pay tribute  They fled to the Taurus Mountain and there defended themselves by the strong location of the place  against the weak forces of their king  Finally  M  Trebellius was sent from Vitellius  president of Syria  with   legionary soldiers and some choice auxiliaries  They surrounded the two hills with works which the barbarians occupied  The smaller hill was called Cadra and the other one  Davara   Tavara     They killed any who dared leave their holds and compelled the rest to surrender for want of water   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6556,"EventTxt":"After Artabanus had fled  the minds of the people were inclined to a new king  Vitellius persuaded Tiridates to seize the opportunity and led his legions and auxiliaries to the bank of the Euphrates River  As they were sacrificing  some prepared Suovetaurilia   a boar  a ram  and a bull offered to Mars  according to the custom of the Romans  Others prepared an horse to sacrifice to pacify the river  The inhabitants about the Euphrates River told them that the river had exceedingly risen of its own accord  without any heavy rains  They also said that the white froth made circles in the form of a diadem which was an omen of a prosperous journey  However  others interpreted it more subtilly that the beginnings of their expedition would be prosperous but not long lasting  They said this because they gave more credit to those things which were portended by the earth and heaven and the nature of rivers was not constant  If the rivers did show any good signs  they soon disappeared  Vitellius made a bridge from boats and crossed over the river with his army  Orospades came to his camp with many thousands of cavalry and joined him  He was once a banished man and brought considerable aid to Tiberius when he warred in Dalmatia  For that  Tiberius made him a citizen of Rome  After this  he entered anew into the king s favour and he made him governor of Mesopotamia  Not long after that Sinnaces joined Tigranes as well as the Abdageses  They were tbe mainstay of his side and brought him the court treasure and royal regalia  Vitellius thought it enough to have shown the Roman forces and admonished Tiridates that he should remember his grandfather Phraates and his upbringing with Caesar  He should consider the nobles so that they would be obedient to their king and he should reverence the Romans  Everyone should keep their word  Then Vitellius returned with his legions to Syria   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6557,"EventTxt":"Tiridates received from the Parthians the cities of Nicophorium  Anthemusias and the other cities of Macedonia who spoke Greek  Also Halus and Artemita  cities of Parthia  greatly rejoiced for they hated the cruelty of Artabanus who was brought up among the Scythians  They hoped that Tiridates would be gentle sonce he was raised among the Romans  The Seleucians use much flattery and said their city was strong and walled about  not corrupted with barbarity but kept the laws of their founder  Seleucus  When Tiridates arrived there  they highly honoured him and reproached Artabanus as one indeed that was of the family of the Arsacidae on his mother s side but in all other things he had degenerated  Tiridates committed the government of the country to the people  whereas Artabanus had delivered it to the rule of   of the nobility   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6558,"EventTxt":"Tiridates then consulted what day he should be crowned  He received letters from Phraates and Hieron  who held the strongest governments  who desired that he wait for a time  To satisfy those great men  he waited  In the meantime  he went to Ctesiphon  the seat of the kingdom to await their arrival  When they delayed from day to day  Surena  with the approval of many there present  crowned Tiridates after the custom of the country  If Tiridates had entered farther into the country and the other countries  all waiver s doubts would have vanished and the Parthian empire would have been his  Instead he stayed too long besieging a citadel where Artabanus had stored his treasure and concubines  He gave them time to break the agreement  Phraates and Hieron and some others did not celebrate the day appointed for his coronation  Some did this from fear and some for envy to Abdageses who controlled the new king and was the only favourite at court  These turned to Artabanus   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6559,"EventTxt":"Artabanus was found in Hyrcania very lowly attired and living by hunting with a bow  At first he was afraid  as if there had been some treachery  When they had given their faith that they came to restore him to his kingdom again  he stayed no longer than to assemble the Scythian forces  Josephus related that he got together a large army of the Dahae and Sacae  and immediately went with them  He did not change his poor clothes to make the common people pity him more  There was neither subtilty  nor prayers  nor anything omitted  whereby he might either draw the doubtful to him or confirm the willing   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6560,"EventTxt":"He then came with a strong force near Seleucia  Tiridates was afraid of Artabanus and began to hesitate as to what to do  whether he should immediately encounter him or delay the war  Abdageses  opinion was that he should retire into Mesopotamia with the river between them  In the meantime  he should raise forces from the Armenians and Elymeans and the rest behind them  After they increased their forces with the allies and such as the Roman captain would send  then he should try his fortune  His advice was followed because of Abdageses  authority and Tiridates  cowardliness  This retreat differed very little from a route and the Arabians first led the way  The rest went either home or to Artabanus  camp  Tiridates returned back into Syria with a small company and did not accuse them of the infamy of treason   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6561,"EventTxt":"Artabanus easily overcame his enemies and was restored to his kingdom   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >    Dio             Artabanus wrote letters to Tiberius  and accused him of patricides  murders  sloths and luxury  He told Tiberius that he would quickly satisfy the most just hatred of the citizens by a voluntary death   Suetonius  Tiberius  c      Artabanus invaded Armenia and planned to attack Syria   Dio","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6562,"EventTxt":"Agrippa was entertained with a close friendship by Caius Caligula  On a certain day as he rode in the same coach with him  he wished that Tiberius might shortly turn over the empire to him since he was a more worthy person  Eutichus overheard these words and said nothing  He was one of Agrippa s freedmen and his coach driver  Eutichus was later accused of stealing a garment from his patron  He had stolen it and fled  When he was brought back again  he was taken to Piso  the prefect of the city and asked why he fled  He replied that he had some secrets which he wanted to reveal to Caesar that concerned the safety of Caesar  Thereupon he was sent in bonds to Capreae and there was a prisoner for a long time before it pleased Caesar to give him any hearing   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6563,"EventTxt":"A certain impostor persuaded the Samaritans that they should meet at Mount Gerizim which that country thought was most holy  He affirmed that he would then show them the holy vessels buried where Moses had put them  They believed him and took up arms and camped around a village called Tyrabatha and awaited the arrival of the rest so that they might ascend the hill with the larger company  Pilate took control of the top of the hill with his cavalry and foot soldiers  He attacked those who were camped at the village  Some he killed  others fled and the rest were captured  He beheaded the ringleaders and those with the most power among them   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4039,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4039b AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6564,"EventTxt":"The chief men of Samaria appealed to Vitellius  the governor of Syria and accused Pilate of this murder  They denied that this assembly at Tirabatha was any revolt from the Romans but a refuge from the tyranny of Pilate  Thereupon Vitellius sent his friend Marcellus to take charge of Judea and ordered Pilate to go to Rome to answer before Caesar to the crimes the Jews alleged he had done  He had lived ten years in that province to which would be added the little time of   or   months  unless he deferred his voyage through fear of storms   The fast of the seventh month was past   Ac       He may have been detained by contrary winds or by some delay that made him prolong his journey  Before Pilate came to Rome  Tiberius had died   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6565,"EventTxt":"When Tiberius came from Capreae to Tusculanum  which was a region from the city of about   miles  he was persuaded  though much against his will  that he should hear Eutichus so that it might be known of what crime he accused his patron  When he examined the matter  he found that Agrippa had neglected his commands of honouring his nephew Tiberius  Drusius  son and had wholly given himself over to Caius  Thereupon he ordered Macro  who succeeded Sejanus in the command of the praetorian guard  that he should bind Agrippa  Then Agrippa prayed and begged for pardon for the memory of his son with whom he was brought up  in good friendship and by those services that he had done for the young Tiberius  This was all in vain and the praetorian soldiers carried him to prison even in his purple robes  At that time it was very hot weather and he was very thirsty for want of wine  He saw a servant of Caius carrying a pitcher of water and he desired to drink  When he had willingly given it to Agrippa  he drank it and said to him  vv Truly  Lad  you have done me this service for your own good  for as soon as I shall be free from this bondage  I will beg Caius for your freedom","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6566,"EventTxt":"Agrippa followed through on his promise   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c           >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6567,"EventTxt":"Agrippa stood bound among the other prisoners before the palace and leaned in a melancholy posture against a tree on which sat an owl  One of the prisoners  who was a German  saw the bird and asked a soldier  who was the prisoner in the purple robe  When he knew that he was one of the chief nobility of the Jews  he was led to him and through an interpreter  he told Agrippa that this bird signified that there would be a sudden change of his present fortune  He would be advanced to great dignity and power and he would have an happy death   His death was most unhappy and showed that the German was a false prophet   He added that when he would see this bird again  he would die within five days   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6568,"EventTxt":"Antonia was grieved at the calamity of Agrippa and thought it would be pointless to speak to Tiberius on his behalf  However she obtained this much of Macro that he might be committed to the custody of the soldiers of a gentle behaviour and that he would have a centurion who would provide him his food  He was allowed the use of his daily things and that his friends and freedmen might come to him whose services might relieve him  Then Silas his friend  visited him along with his freedmen Marsyas and Stechus  They brought him his favourite foods and they brought also garments as if they would sell them  on which he lay at night  The soldiers allowed this having received orders from Macro  In this way he spent six months in prison  until the death of Tiberius   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c     >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6569,"EventTxt":"In the district of Gamalile  Herod the tetrarch and Aretas  the king of Arabia Petrea had a dispute  He had not forgotten the wrong done to his daughter  whom Herod had married  Herod despised her and married in her place  Herodias  his brother s wife  Herod and Aretas waged war through their lieutenants  When the battle started  Herod s army was totally defeated because they were betrayed by some banished men who were driven from the tetrarchy of Philip and had served under Herod  Herod wrote letters to Tiberius telling him what had happened  Tiberius was angry at Anetas for his bold attack and wrote to Vitellius that he should make war upon him  Tiberius wanted Vitellius would to either bring him alive or if dead  to send him his head  The Jews thought that Herod s defeat was the just judgment of God for the murder of John the Baptist   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":36,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4749,"Dating":"4040a AM, 4749 JP, 36 AD"}
{"Index":6570,"EventTxt":"When Cn  Acerronius and C  Pontius Nigrinus were consuls  Tiberius died on March  th    calends of April  as it is in Suetonius  Suetonius  Tiberius  c       Tacitus  Annals        c       or rather the  th or  th day of March when as after the death of Augustus  he had reigned  years   months   days    Dio             It was not   months and   days  as Josephus stated in  Josephus  Antiq         c     <c         >  nor   months   days  as in his Wars   Josephus  Wars        c            After the death of Tiberius was known  Marsyas ran to his patron Agrippa  whom he found bathing himself  He nodded his head and told him in Hebrew  vv The lion is dead","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6572,"EventTxt":"When the centurion who kept him  knew from them that Tiberius was dead  he took off Agrippa s bonds and bade them good cheer  As they were merrily eating and drinking  one came and said Tiberius was still alive and that he would shortly return to the city  The centurion was terrified by this and ordered Agrippa to be thrust from the rabble and bound and to be more carefully guarded  The next day Caius sent two letters  One went to the senate which stated Caius had succeeded Tiberius in the empire  The other went to Piso  the prefect of the city  and said the same thing and added that he should set Agrippa free and restore him to that house where he had previously lived  Although he was a prisoner yet he lived at his own discretion   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6573,"EventTxt":"Caius returned to Rome and brought the body of Tiberius  He held a most sumptuous funeral with great solemnity  When on the same day he would have released Agrippa  but by the advice of Antonia  he held off  She wished Agrippa well but said he should not free him too quickly lest he seem to do this in hatred for Tiberius who had imprisoned Agrippa  However  not many days later  he sent for him to his house and ordered his hair to be cut and changed his clothes and then put a crown on his head  He made him king of Philip s tetrarchy and gave him also the tetrarchy of Lysanias  He changed his chain of iron into a chain of gold of the same weight and sent Marallus as governor to Judea    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6574,"EventTxt":"Caius Caligula freed Agrippa the grandson of Herod from bonds whom Tiberius had put on him and gave him his grandfather s principality    Dio             Philo  Philo  Flaccus  stated that he was honoured with the office of a praetor by the Roman senate and that Caius gave him the kingdom and the third part of the old dominion that his uncle Philip possessed  When Agrippa had received the kingdom  he asked for Thaumastus who had given him a drink when he was a prisoner  from Caius  Agrippa gave him his liberty and made him steward of his goods  When Agrippa died  he left him in the same office to his son  Agrippa and daughter  Bernice  Thaumastus was highly respected as long as he lived   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6575,"EventTxt":"Caligula gave to Antiochus  the son of Antiochus Commagene  his father s kingdom as well as the coastal region of Cilicia    Dio","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6576,"EventTxt":"Vitellius  the governor of Syria  took two legions and the foot soldiers and cavalry that were sent from kings that were allies  He hurried toward Petra and came to Ptolemais  He thought to lead his army through Judea but the leaders of that country approached him and wished that he would not pass that way for the customs of their country would not permit that any images should be carried there  The Roman banners had many images  He yielded to their request and sent his army through the large plain and came with Herod the tetrarch and his friends to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices to God at the next feast which was to happen soon  When he was come  he was magnificently entertained by the people and stayed there three days  In the mean time  he transferred the high priesthood from Jonathan to Theophilus  his brother   Josephus        c     <c          >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6577,"EventTxt":"Four days later  Vitellius received letters of Tiberius  death  He made the people take the oath of fidelity to the new emperor Caius   Josephus        c     <c        >  Thereupon Agrippa send letters to Caius and stated   Philo  Legatio   vv They greatly desired succession   Oh emperor  and it was first heard of at Jerusalem and the same news was diffused to the neighbouring provinces from the holy city  Since this city  of all the east  first greeted you emperor  it is fitting that it should be treated more graciously by you","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6578,"EventTxt":"In the council of the Jews  in their speech to Petronius   in the same author  vv When Caius had obtained the empire  we first  of all Syria and congratulated with Vitellius   whose successor you are   When he was in our city and had received letters concerning this business  We spread this joyful news to other cities and our temple first of all temples  sacrificed for the empire of Caius","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6579,"EventTxt":"Vitellius recalled his forces and abandoned his intended war because of the new emperor  Some report that when Aretas heard the news of Vitellius  expedition  he learned from auguries that it was impossible for his army to come to Petra because one of the generals would die  either he that commanded the expedition  or he that obeyed it  or he against whom the expedition was   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6580,"EventTxt":"Josephus wrote that Vitellius went to Antioch and sent his army into their winter quarters  This was not likely  since it was the beginning of summer  He should have said that he went with his forces to the Euphrates River to make a league with the king of the Parthians  It appears from Suetonius and Dio  that this was done  not in Tiberius  reign   as Josephus thinks  but under Caius  for Artabanus always hated and despised Tiberius but willingly sought an alliance with Caius  Vitellius by all his policy  not only had a conference with him but also had him worship the Roman standards  As Arabanus was crossing the Euphrates River he admired the Roman eagles and sacrificed to the images of Augustus and Caius  He agreed to the conditions of peace which were favourable to the Romans and gave his children as hostages    Suetonius  Caligula  c       Suetonius  Vitellius  c        Dio","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6581,"EventTxt":"The king and Vitellius met in the middle of a bridge  each with their guard  After they had agreed upon a league  Herod invited them both to a banquet in a pavilion he had erected at great cost in the middle of the river  Then Vitellius returned to Antioch and Artabanes to Babylon  However  Herod send this news to Caesar before Vitellius  ambassadors could inform Caesar  Therefore Caesar wrote back to Vitellius when he received his letters that he knew all these things beforehand by Herod s messengers  This greatly troubled Vitellius   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6582,"EventTxt":"Not long after  Artabanus sent his son Darius as hostage along with many gifts  These included a Jew  named Eleazar who was five  seven     cubits tall and was called the giant   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6583,"EventTxt":"After Jews of Alexandria  had given Caius all the honours that were lawful for them to decree  they came and offered the decree to Flaccus Abillius  They wanted him  since it was not permitted for them  to send an embassy  He said he would be pleased to send it by his messengers  He read the decree and allowed many of its points  He smilingly said  vv Your piety highly pleases me  I will send it as you desire  I will be your ambassador  that Caius may perceive your gratitude and I will be a witness of the peoples  modesty and obedience well known to me","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6584,"EventTxt":"However  he withheld this decree that they might seem to be the only enemies of Caius   Philo  Flaccus","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6585,"EventTxt":"In the first year of the reign of C  Caligula  Josephus  the writer of the history of the Jews  was born  who was the son of Mattathias  a priest  as Josephus shows in his autobiography   Josephus  Life","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4040,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4040b AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6586,"EventTxt":"When Saul had preached the gospel a long time at Damascus  the Jews took council to kill him and they were helped by the governor under Aretas   who had recently defeated the army of Herod  the tetrarch   He held Damascus with a garrison and watched the gates day and night so that they might take Saul and kill him  However  Saul was let down by a rope at night in a basket and escaped from them       Co","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 9:23-25","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6587,"EventTxt":"After the first three years of his apostleship were over  Saul returned to Jerusalem to see Peter and stayed with him fifteen days   Ga      He tried to join with the disciples but they all were afraid of him and did not believe that he was a disciple  However  Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles   that is  Peter and James  the brother of the Lord  for he saw no other apostles   Ga       and told them how Saul had seen the Lord in the way and that Jesus had spoken to him and how Saul had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus   Ac","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6588,"EventTxt":"Saul spoke boldly in the name of Jesus at Jerusalem and disputed with the Greeks or Jews who spoke Greek as the Syriac version correctly translates this passage  The Jews planned to kill him   Ac","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6589,"EventTxt":"When Saul was in the temple praying  he was in a trance and saw the Lord speaking to him to hurry and get out of Jerusalem for the Jews would not hear his message  He replied that the Jews knew that he had imprisoned and beat in every synagogue those who believed on Jesus  When the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed  Saul was standing by also and guarded the garments of those who killed him  The Lord told him to leave and he would send him to the Gentiles","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 22:17-21","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6590,"EventTxt":"The brethren at Jerusalem brought him to Caesarea and sent him into his own country of Tarsus   Ac      He went into the countries of Syria and Cilicia  He was unknown by face to the churches of Judea  but they had only heard that he preached the faith which once he destroyed and they glorified God in him","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ga 1:21-23","BibBk1":"Ga","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6591,"EventTxt":"The churches had rest throughout all Judea  Galilee and Samaria  They were edified and walked in the fear of the Lord and comfort of the Holy Ghost and were multiplied   Ac","YearBCAD":37,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4750,"Dating":"4041a AM, 4750 JP, 37 AD"}
{"Index":6592,"EventTxt":"Herod Agrippa had a daughter by Cypros  named Drusilla   who later married Felix    Ac      She was six years old when her father died    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >       c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6593,"EventTxt":"Caligula forced Macro  to whom Egypt was committed   the six years that were appointed by Tiberius for the government of Flaccus Abilius had expired  and his wife Ennia  by whose help he had gotten the empire  to commit a voluntary suicide   Philo  Caius   Philo  Flaccus   Suetonius  Caligula  c        Dio","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6594,"EventTxt":"After Marco was killed  Flaccus  who was the governor of Egypt on whom he most relied was shrewdly afraid of Caligula  Dionysius Lampo and Isidore persuaded him to use that occasion to be generous to the people of Alexandria and befriend them  They said that nothing would be more grateful to them than that he would allow them to plunder the Jews and Flaccus followed their council   Philo  Flaccus","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6595,"EventTxt":"Caligula  by a decree of the senate  gave Sohaemus the kingdom of the Arabians of Ituraea  He gave Cotys  Armenia the Less and some parts of Arabia  He gave Rhoematalces  the kingdom of Cotys and to the son of Polemon  his father s kingdom  that is  Pontus      Dio","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6596,"EventTxt":"In the second year of Caligula s reign  Herod Agrippa asked permission to return home to settle the affairs of his kingdom and he promised that when he had done that  he would return    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  The emperor persuaded him that taking the fastest way was by sea and the Etesian winds were expected any day  Therefore he should go directly to Alexandria and go home the rest of the way by land which would be easier than sailing  Agrippa followed his advice and went to Puteoli  He found a ship ready to set sail for Alexandria and a few days later he arrived in Alexandria   Philo  Flaccus","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6597,"EventTxt":"The Alexandrians naturally hated the Jews and did not like that they had a king  In their gymnasium they derided Agrippa with scurrilous speeches and mocking verses of jesters  They brought a mad man there who was called Cariba and went naked night and day in the streets  They put him in a high place so everyone could see him  They gave him a paper crown and a mat for his body instead of his robe  He had a piece of a reed taken from the ground for his sceptre  He was adorned with the trappings of a king like actors do and the young men carried poles on their shoulders as a mock guard  Others came to greet him  some desired justice  others asked council of him concerning the state  Then there was a general acclamation of those who were around him and they called him Marim  which means in the Syrian language  Lord      Philo  Flaccus  c          Thus the king of the Jews was derided after the same manner by others  as the Jews themselves five years earlier had mocked the true majesty of their own king  Jesus Christ","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6598,"EventTxt":"The Jews of Alexandria told Agrippa of the treachery that Flaccus  the governor  had prepared for their destruction  They also gave to him that writing that they had given to Flaccus to be sent to Caius at the beginning of his reign  Flaccus through malice  had prevented them and they could send it no sooner    Philo  Flaccus  c           Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6599,"EventTxt":"The apostle Peter visited the churches of Judea  Galilee and Samaria and went to the saints that dwelt at Lydda  He healed Aeneas who was sick with the palsy and was in his bed eight years  When all who lived at Lydda and Sharon  concerning which  see   ICh     ICh       saw this miracle  they turned to the Lord","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 9:31-35","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6600,"EventTxt":"A certain disciple called in Syriac language named  Tabitha  and in the Greek  Dorcas  meaning a she goat  did many good works and alms deeds  She died at Joppa  Since Lydda was close to Joppa  the disciples heard that Peter was there  They sent two men to him to have him immediately come there  When Peter arrived  he fell on his knees and prayed and restored her to life  This was known through all Joppa and many believed in the Lord  Peter stayed there many days in the house of Simon a tanner","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 9:36-43","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6601,"EventTxt":"When the common people of Alexandria had regained the favour of Flaccus  the governor  early one morning they all agreed that the statues of Caesar were to be set up in the synagogues of the Jews  The governor allowed this to be done without any respect for the public security although he knew that there were more than     Jews who lived in Alexandria and all that large country from the descent of Libya even to the bounds of Ethiopia     Philo  Flaccus  c          Then they gathering together in great companies  and either laid waste their synagogues by cutting down their groves or rased them to the ground  In all the synagogues which they could not overthrow or burn  because of the great number of Jews who lived by them  they set up the images of Caius and in the greatest and most frequented synagogues  they set up a statue on high of chariots with four brass horses  In their zeal they ran out of new chariots  so they took out the rusty old ones whose horses lacked their ears  tails  and feet and such as were dedicated  as was reported  to Cleopatra  who was the great grandmother of the last queen by that name  Caius thought that all these things happened from the love that the Alexandrians had for him  He learned this through the registers sent to him from Alexandria  for he read them more willingly than any poem or history  and from some domestic servants  of whom many were Egyptians   They were in the habit of praising and laughing at these things with him   Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6602,"EventTxt":"Caius Caligula  decreed a holiday for his sister Drusilla who was dead  Anyone who laughed  bathed or made a feast on that day would be killed   Suetonius  Caligula  c        Dio","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6603,"EventTxt":"Flaccus  the governor of Egypt  made an edict  in which he called the Jews  foreigners and did not give the liberty of pleading their cases but condemned outright  There were five divisions of that city named from the first five letters  Two of them were called the Jewish quarters because most of the Jews lived in them although many Jews had houses here and there in the other quarters  The common people of Alexandria obtained from Flaccus  permission to plunder the Jews  They expelled them from four of the divisions and drove them into a small space of the remaining division  The place could not hold them all and the Jews went out to the shores and monuments and dung hills and were robbed of all things  Their enemies ran violently through their abandoned houses  They divided the spoils as would a victorious army and broke open the shops of the Jews which then were shut because of the mourning for Drusilla s death  They carried many things from there and used them for themselves  The ransacking of   houses did less harm to the Jews than their loss of trade  When the creditors had lost their security  no husbandman  mariner  merchant  or craftsman  were allowed to use their trades    Philo  Flaccus  c","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6604,"EventTxt":"Their enemies thought they should shortly see them lie on heaps since so many thousands of men women and children were thrust into a narrow corner of the city like beasts  They would either be killed or die from famine or be stifled in that hot place  Even the neighbouring air was fouled by their breath  They took diligent heed  lest any should secretly escape  As many as they intercepted  they first tormented them and then they killed them  They used all manner of cruelty  Another band of them lay in wait for the Jews who arrived at the ports  When they had taken away their merchandise  they burned the owners in a fire made from the rudders  oars and planks of the ships  In the middle of the city  others were burned by a most miserable kind of death  They lacked wood so they used green vines and made a fire with them  They cast into it these miserable men who were killed from the smoke rather than the fire  Others were dragged with cords tied to their ankles through the market place and the common people mocked them  They mutilated their dead bodies and cut off their members and trampled on them with such cruelty so that they allowed no remains of them to be found for burial   Philo  Caius  If anyone mourned the misfortune of his friend or relative  he was punished for his compassion  They were scourged and after they had endured all torments that bodies were able to endure  they were crucified    Philo  Flaccus  c","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6605,"EventTxt":"Flaccus the Governor ordered that   of the senate  whom Augustus had appointed for a public council of the Jews  to be taken in their own houses and immediately bound  They dragged these old men through the market place with their hands tied behind them  Some were bound with cords  others with chains  They were brought into the theatre and stripped and scourged as they stood before their enemies who sat as judges  Among these men were Erodius Tryphon and Andron who were thus handled in the sight of those who had robbed them of their goods  It was a custom that no one should be condemned until the solemn celebrations and feast days of the births of the Augusti were past  Flaccus on those very days   for the birthday of Caius was on the last day of August  afflicted these innocent men in this way that day  From the morning to the third or fourth hour    or   am  of the day  the Jews were scourged  hanged  tied to wheels  condemned and led through the middle of the wrestling place for punishment  Then were brought in dancers  jesters  trumpeters and other sports  The women were carried away as captives  not only in the market place but in the open theatre also for any trifling matter  They were brought on the stage with grievous reproaches  When the crowd knew they were not Jews  they were let go  In their haste many were mistakenly apprehended for Jews before they examined their origin  If they were found to be any Jews among the spectators  the crowd became tyrannical  They ordered the Jews to eat swine s flesh  As many of the Jewish women who ate it for fear of further torture  were let go  However  those who refused to eat it  were tortured most cruelly    Philo  Flaccus  c","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6606,"EventTxt":"Castor who was the boldest of the centurions  was ordered by the governor to take with him the bravest of his band and break into the Jews  houses to see if they had any hidden weapons  Castor immediately went and did as he was ordered  The Jews showed all their private places to the searchers  Their women who never went abroad and the fearful virgins  who for modesty avoided the sight of their own kindred  were made a spectacle of  not only to strangers but also to the military rage  However  after all this scrutiny  the arms which they looked for  were not found  For all arms were taken a short time before from the Egyptians by Bassus by the orders of Flaccus  One might see a large number of ships arrive at the port full of arms  which were suitable for seditious men who had often before tried to revolt  However  the Jews were never involved nor ever suspected of being part of any revolt  They went about their business and behaved as good citizens of the city    Philo  Flaccus  c","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4041,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4041b AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6607,"EventTxt":"The feast of tabernacles around the autumnal equinox was not observed by the Jews because of this persecution  Flaccus  the governor  was suddenly apprehended by Bassus the centurion as he was at a feast prepared by Stephanion  the freedman of Tiberius Caesar  Bassus was sent with a band of soldiers from Italy on purpose to apprehend Flaccus  When he had set sail in the beginning of winter  he was storm tossed and after much toil  he barely arrived in Italy  where Flaccus was immediately welcomed by those two malicious accusers  Lampo and Isodorus who had incited him against the Jews  Flaccus was condemned and despoiled of all his inheritance and goods which were very expensive  He would have been banished to the most barren island of Gyara in the Aegean Sea unless Lepidus had begged that he might be sent to live on Andros which was close to Gyara  He was killed there by the command of Caius   as he did to all the noble men who were banished     Philo  Flaccus  c","YearBCAD":38,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4751,"Dating":"4042a AM, 4751 JP, 38 AD"}
{"Index":6608,"EventTxt":"Herodias  the sister of Agrippa  and wife of Herod the tetrarch  was mad with envy to see Agrippa so glorious in his kingly majesty  She persuaded her husband  Herod  that they should go to Rome and beg the same honours from Caesar  Agrippa knew of their intention and preparation for the journey  As soon as he knew they had sailed  he also sent his freedman Fortunatus to Rome to Caesar with gifts and letters written against his uncle  Herod arrived at Baial  a most pleasant town in Campania  where Caesar stayed  He was admitted to his presence and before he could do anything  Caesar gave him the letters he had received from Agrippa  which accused Herod that he had previously conspired with Sejanus against Tiberius and that now he favoured Artabanus the Parthian over the new empire of Caius  For that purpose he had prepared enough arms to furnish     men  Caius asked Herod if those things were true which were spoken concerning the number of arms  which he granted  for he could not deny it   Caius thought he had enough evidence of a planned revolt and took from him the tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea which he later added to Agrippa s kingdom as well as all of Herod s treasure  He sent Herod to Lyons in France and condemned him to perpetual banishment  After Caius knew that Herodias was Agrippa s sister  he allowed her to keep her own wealth  He did not think that she would willingly be her husband s companion in banishment and he promised to spare her as a favour to Agrippa  She thanked Caius for this favour but professed that at this time she would not make use of it for she thought it a sin to forsake her husband in his calamity when she had enjoyed prosperous times with him  Caius took that as a reproach and ordered her also to be banished with her husband and gave her goods to Agrippa    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >  So they were punished for their incestuous marriage eight years after John the Baptist had been beheaded by this Herod and six years after Christ our Saviour had been mocked by the same Herod   Lu","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6609,"EventTxt":"Pontius Pilate was so continually vexed by Caius that he committed suicide   Jerome  Chronicles  from the Roman Historians    Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History   from the Greek Writers of the Olympiads         c       Orosius        c       Cassiodorus  Chronicle","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6610,"EventTxt":"Caius spanned the gulf between Bauli at Puteoli with a bridge almost   and an half miles long  He crossed the bridge with his chariot followed by a long train of his supposed spoils  Among the hostages in the train was the Parthian lad Darius who was the son of Artabanus  He called Darius  Xerxes as a mockery because Caius had made a longer bridge upon the sea than Xerxes        Josephus  Antiq        c     <   >   Suetonius  Caligula  c        Dio","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6611,"EventTxt":"He also  under pretence of the German war  went a little beyond the Rhine River and then immediately returned as though he would go into Britain    Dio","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6612,"EventTxt":"Caius sent for Vitellius from Syria so that he might be executed  He was accused of allowed Tiridates  a king whom Tiberius had sent to the Parthians  to be kicked out of his kingdom by them    Dio              in excerptis ab  Heurico  Valesio  edit  p","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6613,"EventTxt":"Caius sent Petronius as the successor to Vitellius to Syria   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  His full name was Publius Petronius   Philo  Caius   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >   Strabo mentions him also  See note on   AM     He was not Lucius Petronius who died long before this time  whom Valerius Maximus mentions was born of low parentage and rose to the level of an equestrian  Valerius Maximus        c       as Baronius thought   Baronius    AD num","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6614,"EventTxt":"Vitellius came to Caius and escaped death  He composed himself as more humble than his rank  He fell at Caesar s feet and burst out crying and called him a god and worshipped him  He vowed that if he should escape this punishment  he would sacrifice to him  He so mollified and appeased Caesar  that he not only allowed him to live  but counted him among his best friends     Dio              He was the first that taught Caius to be worshipped as a god  Vitellius was quite good in flattering  When he was returned from Syria  he dared not come into Caius  presence  but with his face turned around he fell prostrate on the ground    Suetonius  Vitellius  c       Later when Caius affirmed that he talked with the Moon goddess  he asked Vitellius if he had not seen him when he was accompanied with the goddess  Vitellius with his eyes cast down as astonished and trembling  replied in a low voice that it was permitted only for the gods to see one another     Dio              Vitellius made this beginning  Although he had governed the provinces according to the virtues of his ancestors  he excelled all men in flattery     Dio              Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6615,"EventTxt":"Then Caius made himself priest and took his horse as colleague in his priesthood    Dio             At Miletus in Asia he ordered a temple to be built to him  He selected that city ahead of the others because he said that Ephesus worshipped Diana and Pergamos and Smyrna were dedicated to Augustus and Tiberius  The real reason was that he desired to get for himself that large and beautiful temple which the people of Miletus had built to Apollo     Dio                in excerptis  Valesii  p         He purposed also to finish the oracle Didymena at Miletus   Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4042,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4042b AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6616,"EventTxt":"Strangers from of the neighbouring countries had crept into Jamnia  a city of Judea that was very populous  They always tried to do something against the Jewish customs  When they heard how much Caius desired to be worshipped as a god and what a good friend he was to the country of the Jews  they immediately built an altar of clay bricks to vex the Jews  The Jews were scornful and destroyed the altar  Their adversaries accused the Jews before Capita the holy quaester  who had the oversight of the tributes in Judea  He wrote to Caius and aggravated and amplified the business  Caius ordered that to replace the destroyed brick altar in Jamnia  they should erect in the temple of Jerusalem a large image in honour of him all in gold  He followed the advice of Helicon an Egyptian and Apelles of Askelon a tragedian  Caius sent letters to Petronius  the governor of Syria  detailing the dedication of the statue  He was to march with half the army  appointed for defence against the seditions of the kings and countries of the east  from the Euphrates River against the Jews  He was to accompany the statue not necessarily so that the dedication would be more majestic but so that if anyone resisted  he could be immediately executed  The statue was not sent from Italy neither was Petronius commanded to take any troops from Syria otherwise some sudden sedition would have happened about the violation of the Jewish laws  Petronius ordered a statue to be made closer by and sent for the best craftsman from Phoenicia and found the materials and a place where they could make it at Sidon   Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4043a AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6617,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  he gathered as large an army as he could and with two legions wintered at Ptolemais  He intended to prosecute the war in the beginning of the spring  He sent a letter to Caius who commended his industry and advised him to use all force in this and subdue the stubbornness of that country   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":39,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4752,"Dating":"4043a AM, 4752 JP, 39 AD"}
{"Index":6618,"EventTxt":"In a dispute that arose between the Jews and the Greeks who lived in Alexandria  three chosen ambassadors on either side were sent to Caius  Philo who was most famous  headed the embassy of the Jews  Apion headed the Greek embassy   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c         >   He was born at Oasis in Egypt and wished to be called an Alexandrian because he was made a citizen of that place   Josephus  Apion        <   >  Pliny  Pliny  Natural History        c     stated that he was surnamed by some as the after Conqueror  Pliny added these things about him in his preface to his whole work to Titus Vespasian  vv Apion the grammarian  he whom Tiberius Caesar called the symbol of the world  whereas he might rather be called the drum  wrote that they were immortalized by him to whom he composed any thing","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6619,"EventTxt":"He wrote a most lying book against the Jews to which Josephus replied in his second book against Apion  For the first book was against other slanderers of the Jews","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6620,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Jews  whom Philo stated to be five at the end of the embassy written by himself and not three as Josephus stated  sailed to Caius in the middle of winter to entreat him that he would stop those wrongs which they suffered  They gave him a record containing the list of all the calamities and the petition against them taken from that larger petition which the Jews had sent him by their King Agrippa  However  their adversaries won the favour of Helicon the Egyptian  who was the prefect of the emperor s chamber  They did this not so much with money as with the hope of future honours which they promised to give him when Caius came to Alexandria  When the Jewish ambassadors desired to pacify and appease Caius  they were not allowed access to him   Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6621,"EventTxt":"At first Caius concealed his hatred against the Jews and received their ambassadors in Mars  field  As he came from his mother s gardens  he greeted them with a cheerful countenance and with his right hand  he made a sign as though he would be kind to them  He sent Obulus to them  who was the master of the ceremonies  Caius promised them that he would take care of their cause when he had time  Later when he came to visit the gardens of Mecenas and Lamia  which were nearby the other garden and the city  the ambassadors were brought in and humbly did their reverence to Caius  They greeted him by the name of Augustus and he smilingly asked them  vv Are you the ones who are hated of the gods  who alone despise me who is declared a god by the confession of all men and had rather worship your unnamed thing","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6622,"EventTxt":"Then he held up his hands to heaven and burst into a speech that was not lawful to be heard much less to utter in the same words  The Jews  adversaries then greatly rejoiced and called him by all the names of the gods  When Isidorus  a bitter Sycophant  saw how he was pleased with these titles  he said  vv You would  O my Lord more detest them and all their country  if you knew their impiety and malice against you  For all men kill sacrifices of vows for your health while they only refrained to offer sacrifice","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6623,"EventTxt":"Then the ambassadors cried out with one consent  vv O my Lord Caius  we are falsely accused  we have sacrificed hecatombs  We have not as the custom of some is  to bring a little blood to the altar and then carry the flesh home to feast on  We have committed whole sacrifices to be burned with the holy fire and that three times  First  when you became emperor  again when you escaped a great sickness at which all the world was sorrowful and thirdly  as a vow for your victory over Germany","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6624,"EventTxt":"Caius repled  vv Well say it were so that you offered sacrifice but to another and to me certainly you did no sacrifices","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6625,"EventTxt":"Then an horror seized on the ambassadors who were terrified at his last words  In the meantime  Caius went about the villages and the halls and parlours both below and above stairs  where also he asked the ambassadors particularly       vv Why they forbid swine s flesh and what right the cities of Alexandria pretended","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6626,"EventTxt":"Finally  setting aside his fierceness  he said  vv These men seem to me not to be so wicked  as miserable  that cannot persuade themselves that I am partaker of the divine nature","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6627,"EventTxt":"He immediately left and ordered the ambassadors to leave    Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6628,"EventTxt":"Caius gave the tetrarchy of his father in law Herod  who was banished to Lyons in Gaul  to Agrippa when he returned from his kingdom  For when he had reigned three years in the tetrarchy of Philip  in the fourth year Herod s kingdom was given to him    Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >    Philo wrote  vv You have given the kingdom to me which could be no happier fortune to a mortal and which being at first but one region  you have enlarged by the addition of Trachonitis and Galilee   Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6629,"EventTxt":"Petronius convened the leaders of the Jewish priests and magistrates  to tell them the commands of Caius  He was to erect Caius  statue and dedicate it in their temple  He urged them to bear patiently the decrees of his emperor and cautioned them of the imminent danger that would ensue upon their disobedience  The whole power of the Syrian army was ready to make havock of them and their country  At the first mention of these things they were so shocked  they had not a word to say but poured out rivers of tears  ripping out their hair and pulled their beards in a most mournful way  However  those of Jerusalem and all the surrounding country that heard this  came flocking together with one consent and publicly mourned  They in one group  left their houses  towns  and citadels desolate and continued their march until they came to Phoenicia where Petronius was  At first they made such a doleful and so deep a noise that those that were nearby  could not hear or be heard for it  Calamitous times instructed what was to be done  They were organised into six ranks or orders of old men  young men and boys  of old women  wives and maids  When they saw Petronius on an high place  all the ranks  as if by a general command fell prostrate on the ground and howled as it were in a mournful tone  When they were ordered to rise  they could barely be persuaded to  Finally when they did  they cast dust on themselves and hung their hands behind them like condemned persons  They came before him and made their pitiful complaint and supplication  Petronius and all that sat with him were very much moved  When he had consulted about the matter  he ordered letters sent to Caius  He told him that the dedication of the statue was deferred  The workmen needed time to finish the colossus and time was needed to gather grain for such an expedition  It was reported that Caius had intended to go to Egypt  The grain was then fully ripe and it was feared that the Jews would take the loss so heavily of their religion that they would not value their own lives and waste and burn up all the harvest throughout the fields and mountains in their desperation    Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6630,"EventTxt":"When Caius had received the letters  he concealed his anger to Petronius for he very much feared the governors because they had the power to create seditions  This was especially true of those in large provinces with numerous armies like the province of Syria which extended to the Euphrates River  Thus by his letters he appeased Caius who seemed to applaud his providence and dexterity in foreseeing future problems  Caius ordered that when the harvest was over  he should dedicate the statue without delay      Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6631,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of the Alexandrian Jews received the message that Caius had ordered his colossus to be erected at the innermost entrance of the temple and entitled the New Jupiter  This news terrified them  They entered into the conclave all together and deplored the public as well as their private calamity  They hoped that God would not abandon them  who had so often delivered that country from ruin   Philo  Caius","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6632,"EventTxt":"When Agrippa came in his usual manner to greet Caius  he looked sternly at him and said  vv Your good and honest citizens  who alone of all mankind think it scornful to have Caius for a god  even take a course in likelihood to bring destruction upon themselves by their contumacy  When I ordered the statue of Jupiter to be dedicated in their temple  they ran wholly from the city not like suppliants indeed but truly despisers of my commands","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6633,"EventTxt":"By these words Agrippa was so struck with horror that he trembled and his knees knocked together  he would have surely fallen to the ground had not the bystanders supported him  They were ordered to carry him home in that condition  By the suddenness of the events  Agrippa had lost his memory and was grown quite stupid and senseless  However  Caius was the more exasperated against the country of the Jews and said  vv If Agrippa  who is my close friend and obliged to me by so many benefits  is so attached to his country customs that he cannot endure they should be violated so much as by my word only but faints  what is to be expected from them who have no tie to restrain them      Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6634,"EventTxt":"When Agrippa was come to himself  he wrote a very long letter to Caius on the behalf of his country   Philo had a copy of it in his book  He closed with this epilogue  vv What will my countrymen or anyone else say of me  For either it will follow that I betrayed my country or I must be blotted from the list of your friends  Which of the two can be more unhappy  For before I was your close friend and now I shall be considered a traitor if I do not keep my country from indemnity nor the temple sacred  For you have the power for protection of men  If in anything I am offensive to you  do me the favour not to bind me  as Tiberius  but lest I should remain in fear of bonds  kill me immediately  For what need have I then of life when as the hope of my welfare wholly rests on your favour   Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6635,"EventTxt":"Caius seeming to be somewhat appeased by these letters and replied more mildly and granted to Agrippa a great favour that the statue should not be dedicated  He wrote the same to Petronius  the governor of Syria that he cause no sedition in the temple of the Jews  Lest this favour should seem too generous  he added some terror and wrote  vv If anyone shall please in the other province or anywhere outside the metropolis in any other city  to dedicate any temple or altar to me  whoever shall oppose it  let them either be immediately executed or sent to me","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6636,"EventTxt":"But divine providence so ordered it so that none in any of the other provinces planned to do this    Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6637,"EventTxt":"When the pestilence grew very severe at Babylon  a great number of the Jews left for Seleucia  More arrived five years later from Neerda   which is a city of Babylon on an island in the Nile River and has an academy of the Jews  In Syriac it is called a dArhb as if one should say   vv The river of knowledge","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6638,"EventTxt":"Now at Seleucia  the Greeks and Syrians were always at odds but the Greek faction was too strong for the Syrians  Since the arrival of the Jews  the Syrians made their friendship and became the stronger party  In addition  they still increased in warlike and resolute men  Therefore when the Greeks saw they were becoming weaker and did not know how to change the situation  they made all the friendship they could to have a peace mediated between them and the Syrians  This thing was easily obtained  For the chief men on both sides were involved and they concluded and confirmed a peace on the condition they should both persecute the Jews  They attacked them by surprise and killed     men so that none escaped unless they were saved by the mercy of some friends or relatives  They escaped to Ctesiphon  a Greek city near Seleucia  where the king used to make his winter quarters and he stored most and the best part of his household belongings  They settled there and established themselves under the reverence of the regal majesty  The terror of the Babylonians and Seleucians spread over all those parts of Judea  Wherever any of the Syrians were in those parts with the Seleucians  they conspired the ruin of the Jews  Hence it came to pass that many fled to Neerda and Nisibis and had security because the cities were strongly fortified  although otherwise they were occupied by very warlike people   Joseph        c  ult  <c          >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6639,"EventTxt":"Caius triumphantly entered Rome on his birthday  which was the last of the month of August    Suetonius  Caligula  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4043,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4043b AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6640,"EventTxt":"When the Alexandrian delegates appeared before Caius  Apion accused the Jews of many things and they did not give Caesar his due respect  All the countries built temples and altars to Caius and worshipped him with equal honour with the rest of their deities  Only the Jews thought it scornful to build altars to him or swear by the name of Caesar  When he had alleged these and what other matters he thought would exasperate Caius  Philo prepared to answer him  Before he could  he was interrupted by Caesar who ordered him to get out and was so enraged that Philo barely escaped without harm  After Philo was put out  he encouraged those who were with him  Although Caius was angry in his words  yet they might be assured that God would defend and provide for them  in spite of all that Caius could do    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >   Eusebius  History Eccles","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6641,"EventTxt":"Caius repented of the favour he had given the Jews  He ordered another colossus to be built at Rome of brass covered with gold  He left the statue alone at Sidon lest it should cause any sedition among the people  It was to be carried secretly by ship and be placed in the temple at Jerusalem before any were aware of it  This was to be done as they sailed into Egypt  for Caius had a great desire to see Alexandria  He took great care in preparing for his journey  because he intended to stay a long time  He was possessed that his deification which he dreamed of  would succeed in this city alone and from there the religion would spread to smaller cities  Thus Philo wrote  who was very well acquainted with these things   Philo  Caius  Tacitus should be amended  vv They were ordered by Caesar to place his statue in their temple and they chose rather to take up arms  The death of Caesar ended the rebellion   Tacitus  Histories        c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6642,"EventTxt":"Apelles from Askelon who incited Caius against the Jews was punished for some other crimes he committed  Caius had him bound and racked in a most tormenting and delaying manner with some intermissions to make it the more painful      Philo  Caius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6643,"EventTxt":"Caius was admonished by the Antiatinian lots to beware of Cassius  Cassius Longinus was then proconsul of Asia and was suspected because he was of the family of Cassius  one of the murderers of Caesar  Caius ordered him to be brought bound to him and condemned him to death  He forgot the Chaereas  who a little later killed him  was also called Cassius    Suetonius  Caligula  c        Dio","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6644,"EventTxt":"Apollonius the Egyptian  who at home foretold what should become of Caius  was dragged before Caius at Rome the day before his death   Suetonius says this was January  rd    th calends of February   Surtonius  Caligula          His punishment was postponed and he escaped death when Caius died first    Dio","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6645,"EventTxt":"Caligula reigned three years  ten months eight days or  Suetonius  Caligula          Clements Alexandria  Stromatum         or rather   months and   days     Dio             In whose place  his uncle Claudius Caesar  the son of Drusius  was declared emperor by the praetorian guard","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6646,"EventTxt":"King Agrippa heard that the empire was forced upon Claudius by the soldiers  With much adieu in getting through the multitude  he came to Claudius and found him troubled and desirous to resign his place to the senate  Agrippa dispelled his fears and encouraged him to go on courageously and retain the empire  Agrippa was called by the senate and he pretended that he knew nothing of the business and arrived as if he had been prepared to dine  He asked them what was done concerning Claudius and they told him the truth and asked his advice  He said he would forsake no danger that might be for the dignity of the senate and that he thought the best way was to send one to Claudius who might persuade him to lay down his authority  He offered to be a part of that embassy  When Agrippa was sent with others to Claudius  he told him plainly the fearful condition the senate was in and advised him to answer like a prince  Agrippa was the reason that Claudius was more mild to the senate than he would have been    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6647,"EventTxt":"After Claudius was confirmed in the empire  he sent Mithridates of Iberia  whom Caius had kept in bonds  home to receive his kingdom  He gave to another Mithridates who was descended from that great Mithridates  the kingdom of Bosphorus  except a part of Cilicia which he gave to Polemon    Dio","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6648,"EventTxt":"Claudius enlarged Agrippa s kingdom  He had helped him to get the empire and was then at Rome  Claudius also gave him the honours of a consul  He gave his brother Herod praetorian honours and a certain principality  that is of Chalcis  and permitted them to go into the senate and to thank to the senators    Dio","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6649,"EventTxt":"Claudius also proposed an edict whereby he confirmed Agrippa in the kingdom formerly granted him by Caius  He praised his endeavour and his industry and added Judea and Samaria to his kingdom  These  formerly belonged to the kingdom of his grandfather Herod  These therefore he restored as due to the family  Abila and the regions around the Libanus Mountain which was Lysanias  and belonged to the emperor  He gave these also to Agrippa  There was a league between the king and the people of Rome cut in brass and placed in the middle of the forum of the city   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6650,"EventTxt":"Claudius released Alexander Lysimachus of Alabarcha  his old friend  and formerly procurator to his mother Antonia  whom Caius in his anger had committed to bonds  Bernice  the daughter of Agrippa was betrothed to his son  Marcus  Concerning this see       who died while married to her as her first husband  The king gave her to his brother Herod  after getting the kingdom of Chalcis from Claudius for him   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 25:13-23","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6651,"EventTxt":"He bestowed Commagena and a larger part of Cilicia on Antiochus whom Caius had deprived of his kingdom    Dio              Joseph        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6652,"EventTxt":"Helicon the Egyptian  who was master of the bedchamber to Caius and the man who most incited him against the Jews  was executed by Claudius   Philo  Caius  c          Philo s book ironically was entitled De virutibus  for in it the wickedness of Caius was clearly set out   Philo was said at the command of Claudius to read it before the whole senate  Later  the Romans so liked this and his other works  that they thought them worthy as precious monuments to be set up in their public library   Eusebius  History Ecclesiast        c      Among his writings were five books of the miseries the Jews endured under the empire of Caius of which three were lost   Eusebius  History Ecclesiast        c      The book about Flaccus and Philo s embassy to Caius still survive","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6653,"EventTxt":"After Caius was murdered  the Jews who under him were much oppressed by the Alexandrians  were encouraged and took up arms  Claudius ordered the governor of Egypt that he should appease that sedition  By the entreaty of Agrippa  the king of Judea and Herod  the king of Chalcis  Claudius sent this edict to Alexandria  VV I will that their rites be not infringed by the madness of Caius and that they shall have full power and liberty to persevere in their father s religion and worship  I order both parties  as much as in them lies  to live peaceably one toward another and to endeavour to prevent all distractions or seditions of state between them    Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6654,"EventTxt":"At the entreaty of these two kings when he was for the second time designed consul  the first year of his reign   Claudius permitted the Jews in Alexandria and his whole empire to live according to their own laws and the customs of their ancestors  Along with this  he advised them that under this grace  they should live the more modestly and warily and that they should not abuse the religions of the other countries  They should be content quietly to enjoy their own customs and traditions   Josephus        c     <c           >  When the Jews grew so numerous at Rome  the city could scarcely hold them without tumults  He did not eject them but forbid those who lived after their own laws to hold meetings  Also he disbanded the clubs which Caius had allowed and abolished the taverns where they met and drank    Dio","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6655,"EventTxt":"Through his letters  Claudius commended Agrippa to all the governors of the provinces  He sent King Agrippa into his own kingdom to take care of it  Agrippa made a very large great expedition and came to Jerusalem and paid his vows  He omitted nothing prescribed by the law  He ordered many Nazarites to be shaven and hung up in the holy temple over the treasury  a gold chain which he had received from Caius  as a memorial of his many miseries and happy deliverances by God  When he had duly performed his vows to God  he removed Theophilus  the son of Ananius  from the high priesthood and appointed Simon surnamed Cantharus in his place  Simon was the son of Boethus whose daughter Herod the Great had married  He gained the good will and gratitude of the people at Jerusalem by remitting a tribute to them which they annually paid from every house  He made Silas master over all the militia  who was his constant companion in all his difficulties and plans   Josephus        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6656,"EventTxt":"A little after this  certain rash young men of the Doris people  under pretence of religion  erected a statue to Caesar in the temple at Jerusalem  Agrippa  the king of the Jews  was very angry and immediately went to Petronius into Syria and complained of the impudent boldness of them  Petronius was equally offended by this impious action and that it went directly against the laws of the empire  He wrote very sharply to the magistrates of the Doris people that they should send those bound to him whoever they were  who dared do such actions which were so contrary to the emperor s edicts  He ordered them to never let that happen again   Josephus  Antiq         c        <c          >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6657,"EventTxt":"At Caesarea  Cornelius who was a Roman centurion of a company which belonged to the Italian band  favoured the Jewish religion and studied it  He was uncircumcised   The Hebrews usually called such people  Proselytes of the Gate  and the Godly of the Nations   About the ninth hour of the day    pm   he was ordered by an angel who appeared to him  to send for Simon Peter  Simon had stayed a long time at the house of Simon a tanner  Cornelius obeyed the command and sent two of his household servants and a godly soldier who was one of those who were constantly with him","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 10:1-8","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6658,"EventTxt":"The next day as they journeyed and came near the city  Peter ascended to the housetop to pray about the sixth hour  noon   While he was waiting for dinner to be prepared  he became hungry  He saw a large linen sheet coming down from heaven full of all kinds of animals  He was ordered to freely eat without regard to what he ate  By this object lesson  Peter was taught that the Gentiles were not to be considered unclean  The next day  Peter arrived at Caesarea with the men who were sent by Cornelius and six brethren who accompanied them from Joppa  Peter found at Cornelius  house  his whole family  They were converted to the faith in Christ and the Spirit of God descended on them all of his own accord without any laying on of hands by Peter  Then Peter baptized them into Christ","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 10:9-48","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6659,"EventTxt":"The apostles and brethren who were at Judea and heard that the Gentiles also had received the Word of God  When Peter came to Jerusalem  there arose a contention between those who had been converted from Judaism to Christ and Peter because Peter had associated with uncircumcised persons and ate with them  When Peter had told them everything that had happened and proved it by the testimony of the six who were with him  they were satisfied  They glorified God who also had given repentance to life to the Gentiles","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 11:1-18","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6660,"EventTxt":"King Agrippa removed Simon Cantheras from the high priesthood  When he would have given it to Jonathan  the son of Ananus  he declined from modesty and because he had held the office before  Jonathan recommended it be given to Matthias  his brother since he thought his brother was more worthy than himself    Josephus        c     <   >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6661,"EventTxt":"Vibius Marsus succeeded Petronius as governor in the province of Syria   Josephus        c     <   >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6662,"EventTxt":"Silas was the general to King Agrippa s cavalry  All along he had been faithful to him and shared every danger with him and was a very close friend of Agrippa  Silas began to desire equal honours with the king because of his close friendship  Sometimes he praised himself beyond all modesty and recalled the hard times they had gone through together  He did this so often that he very highly exasperated the king against him  Agrippa was so fed up that he removed Silas from his command and sent him bound to his own country to be kept  A little later  the king was to celebrate his birthday and he sent for Silas to attend the kingly feast  Silas returned such a churlish answer that the king left him with his keepers   Josephus        c     <     >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6663,"EventTxt":"King Agrippa now turned his attention to Jerusalem  He fortified the walls of the part which was called the new city  Bezethal   and made the gates wider and higher than they had been before  He did all this at the public expense  He would have completed the walls so that they would be impregnable by human force had not Marsus  the president of Syria  written letters to Claudius about this  The emperor suspected that the Jews were about to attempt some sedition and wrote earnestly to Agrippa that he should stop this work and he immediately obeyed   Josephus        c     <   >","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6664,"EventTxt":"A door of faith was now opened to the Gentiles  The men of Cyprus and Cyrene who were scattered to Antioch after the martyrdom of Stephen and preached Christ to the Greeks   It is Ellhnaj in the oldest book of Alexandria has it  not as the common edition Ellhnisaj  There was a large number who believed and turned to the Lord  When the church at Jerusalem heard this  they sent Barnabas there who admonished them all to stedfastly adhere to the Lord  A large company were added to the Lord","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 11:20-24","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6665,"EventTxt":"A severe famine raged at Rome  Claudius provided plenty of provisions for the present need and also took care for the future  Since most of the grain and other provisions came from foreign lands and the mouth of Tiber had no good ports  Claudius built the port Ostia     Dio               After eleven years it was barely finished  although he kept     men working at it constantly    Suetonius  Claudius  c","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6666,"EventTxt":"This famine happened in the second year of Claudius  There was a notable famine also in his eleventh year of which others have mentioned   Tacitus  Annals        c       Suetonius  Claudius  c       Orosius        c      This was not that world wide famine which was foretold by Agabus  It began in the fourth year of Claudius as evident from history   Eusebius  Chronicles   Orosius        c      This famine happened at the same time as Herod Agrippa s death","YearBCAD":40,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 12:23-25","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4044,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4753,"Dating":"4044a AM, 4753 JP, 40 AD"}
{"Index":6667,"EventTxt":"Barnabas went to Tarsus to find Saul  When he had located him  he brought him to Antioch  It came to pass that for a whole year  they met together in the church and taught a large multitude  The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch  This name was derived in Latin form and not from the Greek form of Christ  It seems to have been created by some Romans who were then at Antioch","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6668,"EventTxt":"About this time  the prophets went down from Jerusalem to Antioch  One of these was Agabus who made known by the Spirit that there would come a severe famine in the whole world   Ac","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6669,"EventTxt":"Claudius brought the Lycians again to his servitude who had revolted and killed many Romans  He added their country to the prefecture of Pamphylia  While he was examining this business in court  he asked in Latin a certain ambassador who was born of Lycian parents but born at Rome  When the ambassador did not understand Latin  Claudius deprived him of his Roman citizenship and said it was not fitting that he should be a Roman who could not speak Latin    Dio","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6670,"EventTxt":"King Agrippa build at enormous cost at Berytus a theatre  amphitheatre  baths and porches  He celebrated the dedication of them most sumptuously  He held shows in the theatre of all kinds of musical performances of the greatest variety  In the amphitheatre he held many gladiatorial games  Furthermore  because he desired to gratify and please the spectators  he had two troops of   criminals to be brought and to fight with each other  This presentation of war concurred as well to the punishment of the malefactors as to the delight of those who loved peace  So they were all killed by one another s mutual wounds    Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6671,"EventTxt":"At last  the kings came to Agrippa at Tiberius in Galilee  Antiochus of Commagene  Sampsigeranus of the Emesa  Cotys of the Lesser Armenia  Ptolemon of Pontus and his brother Herod  king of Calcis  While they were all together  Marsus  the governor of Syria also came  Therefore  Agrippa paid his due respects to the Romans and went to meet him even to the seventh road marker   about a mile   When Agrippa rode in the same chariot with his guests  Marsus distrusted the friendship of so many kings  Therefore he sent his messengers to every one in particular to depart without delay  Agrippa was most grievously offended by this so that he hated Marsus    Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >  Agrippa very often solicited Claudius by his letters  to remove Marsus from being governor of Syria   Josephus  Antiq         c    <      c        >","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6672,"EventTxt":"Agrippa removed the high priesthood from Matthias  the son of Ananus  and gave it to Elioneus  the son of Cantheras   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c","YearBCAD":43,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4046,"JulPer":4756,"Dating":"4046 AM, 4756 JP, 43 AD"}
{"Index":6673,"EventTxt":"The famine foretold by Agabus increased and the Christians of Antioch  collected a gift for their friends who lived in Judea  They sent it by Barnabas and Saul after they preached for a whole year preached the word of the Lord to the people of Antioch   Ac","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6674,"EventTxt":"About this time King Herod Agrippa   as the Syriac paraphrase correctly called him  laid hands on them who belonged to the church  Ac       because they opposed the institutions and rites of their country of which Agrippa was a most religious observer   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6675,"EventTxt":"Agrippa killed James   the son of Zebedee  the brother of John with a sword  Ac     Clement Alexandria added from the tradition of his anscestors  Clement  Institutions           Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c          that the very same man who brought James into judgment became a Christian  He saw how freely he gave testimony of Jesus and that he publicly confessed he was a Christian in spite of having received most severe warnings  Therefore when they were brought both together for punishment  he desired James  forgiveness and James considered little of it and said  vv Peace be to you","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6676,"EventTxt":"James kissed him and so later they were both beheaded","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6677,"EventTxt":"When the king saw that the death of James pleased the people  he cast Peter into prison during the days of the feast of unleavened bread  He was guarded by four quaternions  sixteen  soldiers  Agrippa intended after the passover to being him out to the people  The church prayed daily for him and an angel of the Lord delivered him miraculously in the night  He went to the house of Mary the mother of John Mark where many met and prayed  After he told them of his deliverance that they might inform James  the son of Alphaeus and brother of our Lord  and the rest  Peter then went into another place","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 12:3-17","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6678,"EventTxt":"Herod Agrippa was frustrated and in a rage he ordered the innocent keepers to be dragged to execution  He travelled down to Caesarea and stayed there  He was displeased with the people of Tyre and Sidon whose land was not sufficient to maintain them  especially in that year of famine  and they were forced to seek sustenance from Galilee and other places under Herod s jurisdiction  Therefore  they came unanimously to him through the mediation of Blastus the king s chamberlain  whom they had made their friend and desired peace with him  A day was appointed and Herod in his royal attire  sat before the tribunal and made a speech to them  The people with acclamations shouted out that this was the voice of a god not a man  Immediately  an angel of the Lord smote him because he did not give the glory to God  He was eaten up by worms and he died","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 12:18-23","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6679,"EventTxt":"The historian Josephus mentions this and added an owl appeared to him lest the prophecy of his German prophet would be void  vv When Agrippa had now finished the third year of his reign and was starting his fourth year  he went to Caesarea which was formerly called Strata s Tower  He solemnized some annual plays for Caesar s health which were attended by a large number of noble men and youngsters from all the province  On the second day of this celebrity  he went all attired with his princely robes  These were richly and intricately woven with silver  which by the reflection of the rising sun produced an angelical or extraordinary lustre  This struck reverence in the spectators  Immediately some wicked men shouted from the distance and greeted him as a god and desired that he would be propitious to them  Before this  they had only honoured him as a man but now they saw there was something more in him than human  He neither refused nor repelled this impious adulation  A little later  he looked up and saw over his head on owl sitting on a rope that was extended for some occasion  He immediately knew that as this which had been a token of his good fortune  was now a sign of his ruin and he was struck to the very heart  Later his belly began to torment him more and more grievously  Therefore he turned to his friends  he said  Behold I who by your greeting was called god  am now ordered from this life  My certain fate gives the lie to your flattery  I whom you greeted as immortal  am forced to die  I must endure the wishes of providence  for I have not lived poorly nor so happily that all men may call me blessed  When he had said those things his pain grew worse and worse  Immediately those things were told around the country and the rumour went out that he was dying  Therefore immediately all the people with their wives and children were in sackcloth after their country s manner  praying to God for the health of their king  They made all places ring with their lamentations and howling  As the king was laying on a high bed and looked down and saw the people prostrate on their faces  he could not stop weeping  His pain lasted in great extremity and without intermission for five days time and then he died   Josephus  Antiq        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6680,"EventTxt":"Josephus stated he reigned for seven years  four under Caius  less three or four months  for Caius himself did not rule four whole years  and three under Claudius  adding in like manner three or four months   He stated that his yearly revenue came to       drachmas and because he was so noble and generous that this was not enough and he was forced to borrow money   Josephus  Antiq        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6681,"EventTxt":"Before the king s death was known  Herod of the king of Chalcis and Chelcias  the general of the cavalry  conferred together and sent Arista to kill Silas  their common enemy as if by Agrippa s orders   Josephus  Antiq        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6682,"EventTxt":"Agrippa left only one son named Agrippa who was seventeen and was being educated at Rome with Claudius  He left three daughters  of whom Bernice was married to Herod her uncle at the age of sixteen and the other were still virgins  Mariamme was ten years old and was betrothed by her father to Julius Archelaus Epiphanes  the son of Antiochus  the son of Chelcias  Drusilla was six years old and betrothed to the king of the Commagenians   Josephus  Antiq        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6683,"EventTxt":"When it was known for sure that Agrippa was dead  the people of Caesarea and Sebaste  two cities which were built by his father  acted like enemies of the dead prince  The common soldiers  with one consent  dragged his and his daughters  statues from of the palace and brought them into the brothels  They abused them in such calumnious ways that it is a shame to recount  They made feasts and banquets in all public places  They were very happy and adorned themselves with garlands and anointed their bodies  They sacrificed and made offerings to Charon and even worshipped one another for the joy they had by the death of the king   Josephus  Antiq        c  ult  <c        >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6684,"EventTxt":"The Word of God was sown  increased and multiplied  Barnabas and Saul returned to Jerusalem  When they had finished their ministry there  they took along with them John Mark   Ac","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6685,"EventTxt":"Claudius deprived the Rhodians of their liberty because they had crucified some Romans    Dio l     p","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6686,"EventTxt":"When Claudius wanted to send the young Agrippa into his kingdom  to succeed his father  his freedman and friends  who could do much with him  dissuaded him  They said it was dangerous to commit so large a kingdom to so young a youth who had barely reached manhood  He was very unqualified to rule there since the kingdom required a large force of soldiers to keep it  Claudius could not deny that they spoke rationally and truly   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >  Although indeed their aim was at the prefectureship of that kingdom and by this to make themselves rich  Tacitus stated   Tacitus  History        c      vv When the kings had either all died or lost most of their territory  Claudius made Judah a prefecture to be governed by Roman equestrians or freedmen","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6687,"EventTxt":"Therefore Claudius made Cuspius Fadus  governor of Judea and all the kingdom of Agrippa   which was much larger than the first Herod  his grandfather   Claudius honoured the dead king in this in that he would not bring Marsus  his enemy  into his kingdom  He ordered Fadus to severely chastise the cities of Caesarea and Sebaste for their ingratitude to their dead king and the contumely against his daughters who were still alive  He wanted the troops from Caesarea and Sebaste  along with the fifth cohort to make war in Pontus  He would substitute in their place  soldiers chosen from the Romans who were ordered to defend Syria  Later  the soldiers sent an ambassador to Claudius and obtained permission to stay in Judea  In later times they were involved in the most grievous calamity to the Jews and sowed the seeds of that war which started when Floras was governor   Josephus  Antiq        c  fin  <c          >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6688,"EventTxt":"Josephus wrote  Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >  that Claudius moved Marsus as a favour to his dead friend  Agrippa and he made Cassius Longinus governor of Syria in his place  Tacitus stated this happened three years later","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4047,"JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4047 AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6689,"EventTxt":"The Jews who lived beyond the Jordan River  had a dispute with the Philadelphians about the limits of the town Mia  a place full of most warlike people  The Jews who lived on the other side of the river  had taken up arms without the knowledge or consent of their rulers and killed many of the Philadelphians  When Caspius knew this  he was greatly offended that they did not let him decide the matter if the Jews thought that the Philadephians had done them any wrong rather than so rashly take up arms on their own accord against them  Therefore  he captured three of the ringleaders and had them bound  He executed Hannibal and banished Amaram and Eleazar  Not long after this  he took and condemned Tholomy to death  who was the leader of the robbers and had done many wrongs to Idumea and Arabia  He tried to eliminate all the robbers from the whole country of Judea   Josephus        c     <   >","YearBCAD":44,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4757,"Dating":"4048a AM, 4757 JP, 44 AD"}
{"Index":6690,"EventTxt":"When Cassius Longinus  whom Tacitus thought was Vibius Marsus  was governor of Syria  he went to Jerusalem with his army  together with Caspius Fadus  the procurator of the Jews  They convened the priests and chief of the Jews and plainly showed to them the full intent of the emperor s commands  They were to store the clothes of the high priest in the tower of Antonia where the Romans would guard them as was done in the time of Vitellius  The Jews dared not oppose them in anything but desired time to send an ambassador to Caesar to try to gain the favour of him that they might not be deprived of the privilege of keeping the holy clothes  They also wanted nothing to be done until Caesar had replied  Fadus and Longinus said they would allow this if they would first give hostages while they waited for Caesar s reply  They readily turned over their children and sent away the ambassadors   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6691,"EventTxt":"At the church at Antioch there were prophets and teachers as Barnabas and Simeon who was called Niger  Lucius of Cyrene  Menahem  who was educated together with Herod the Tetrarch and Saul  All served God and fasted  The Holy Ghost ordered Barnabas and Saul to separate themselves from the rest and to start preaching the gospel  These were commended to God by the church with fasting and praying and laying on of hands  They took with them  John Mark  a servant and came to Seleucia  From there they sailed into Cyprus   Barnabas  country  where they first began to preach the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews at Salamis","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 13:1-4","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6692,"EventTxt":"They travelled over that island as far as Paphas and they found a false Jewish prophet  Barjesus  surnamed Elymas or Magus  He tried to turn away Sergius Paulus  the ruler of that country  who had a desire to hear Saul and Barnabas  Saul sharply reproved this man and he was immediately struck with blindness  The proconsul was stirred with this miracle and the gospel and was converted to the faith  From this time on  Saul was always called by the name of Paul  He and those that came with him to Paphos went to Perga of Pamphylia  where John Mark left them and returned to Jerusalem","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 13:6-13","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6693,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors from Jerusalem through the intercession of Agrippa  who was then with Claudius  obtained the confirmation of that privilege of keeping the holy garments which was first granted to them by Vitellius  These also received a written ruling to take to the magistrates at Jerusalem from the emperor about this matter in the fifth year of his tribunal power  This was dated June  th   th calends of July  when Rufus and Pompeius Sylvanus were consuls by Claudius to gratify Herod the king of Chalcis and Aristobulus the younger  his most endeared friends  so that herein he would gratify them   Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <     >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6694,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Herod the king of Chalcis  successfully petitioned Claudius for the authority over the temple and holy treasury and the right of choosing the high priests   Josephus  Antiq         c     <     >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6695,"EventTxt":"Since there was to be an eclipse of the sun on his birthday and because of some other portents that had already happened  Claudius was afraid lest it might be an occasion for some sedition  Before the time  he wrote and had it known that there would be an eclipse  He noted the very time  space  and all the natural causes of it and showed that it was inevitable     Dio               The birthday of Claudius was on the first of August   Dio          Dio             on which day the sun was eclipsed about two hours before noon to a fourth part of its diameter","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6696,"EventTxt":"Herod  king of Chalcis  removed Simon Cantheras and placed Joseph the son of Camus  or Camydes  in the high priesthood    Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6697,"EventTxt":"Theudas  a mere impostor  pretended himself to be a prophet and persuaded a large number of the Jews to take their riches with them and follow him to Jordan  He promised them that he would divide the river and make an easy way for them to pass through  Fabius Caspius  the procurator of the Jews  sent out some cavalry troops who overtook the company by surprise and killed a large number of them and took many alive  Theudas was beheaded and they took his head to Jerusalem   Josephus  Antiq         c     fin  <c        >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6698,"EventTxt":"Paul and Barnabas left Perga and came to Antioch in Pisidia  They entered into their synagogues on the sabbath day after the reading of the law and the prophets  They were invited by the rulers of the synagogue to teach  After Paul had preached an excellent sermon  the Jews left the synagogue  However  the Gentiles asked that they would expound the same things to them the next sabbath day  After they had broken up  many devout Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas  They spoke to them and admonished them to continue in the grace and favour of God","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 13:14-43","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6699,"EventTxt":"The next sabbath almost all the city came flocking to hear the Word of God  When the Jews saw the multitude  they were filled with envy and opposed what Paul taught with blasphemies  Paul and Barnabas were grievously offended and they left the Jews and preached only to the Gentiles  They joyfully embraced the gospel and all believed who were ordained to eternal life  The Word of God was spread over that whole country  The Jews were frustrated in their malicious designs and stirred up many honourable religious women   called by the Jews  Proselytes of the Gate  and the chief men in the city  They raised a commotion and drove Paul and Barnabas from their region  Paul and Barnabas shook the dust off their feet against them and travelled to Iconium  The disciples were filled with joy and the Holy Ghost","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 13:44-52","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6700,"EventTxt":"At Iconium  Paul and Barnabas entered the synagogue of the Jews and spoke so that a large number of Jews and Greeks believed  The unbelieving Jews exasperated and prejudiced the minds of the Greeks against the brethren  However  they stayed there a long time and spoke freely as inspired by the Lord who gave testimony to the word of his grace and did many miracles by their hands      At which time Thecla  a noble maid of Iconium  was thought to be converted to Christ  Her acts are most deservedly recorded among the Apocrypha by the LXX by a synod of bishops who met under Gelasius","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 14:1-3","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6701,"EventTxt":"The multitude of Iconium was divided  Some were for the Jews and some for the apostles  When it came to pass that a number of Jews and Gentiles together with their chief rulers came to assault and stone them  they fled away into the cities of Lycaonia  Lystra  Derbe and the surrounding regions and preached the gospel there","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 14:4-7","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6702,"EventTxt":"At Lystra  a man who was born lame  was healed by Paul  When the Lystrians would have sacrificed to Paul as Mercury  and Barnabas as Jupiter  they tore their clothes  refused the honour and had much trouble restraining the multitude from sacrificing to them  Soon after  the unbelieving Jews came there from Iconium and Antioch and raised a tumult and excited the people against them  The furious multitude stoned Paul and threw his body out of the city for they thought he was dead  When his disciples came around him  he arose and entered the city","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 14:8-20","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6703,"EventTxt":"In this year and it may be at this very time  Paul was taken into the third heavens and heard unspeakable words fourteen years before the second epistle to the Corinthians was written       This may be the event that is thought to refer to that of Triephon in Lucian or the more ancient author of that dialogue written by Philopatris  vv When I met that Jewish bald head  I justly laughed at him who was wrapped up into the very third heavens through the air  He learned there those things that were most excellent and glorious  He renewed us by water and made us walk in the steps of the blessed and redeemed us from the dominions of the wicked","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Co 12:2-4","BibBk1":"Co","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6704,"EventTxt":"So Triephon  vv God reigned on high  great  heavenly  and eternal  the Son of the Father  the Spirit  proceeding from the Father  one of three  and three of one","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6705,"EventTxt":"In a similar manner  the Christians used to preach","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6706,"EventTxt":"Paul with Barnabas left Lystra and came to Derbe  They preached the gospel there and had many converts to Christ   Ac","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6707,"EventTxt":"Among many others who were converted to Christ at this time  was Timothy with his holy mother Eunice and his grandmother Lois  who took care to teach him the Scriptures from his very infancy  Timothy was there and although he was still a child  he was an eye witness of the sufferings of his spiritual father  Paul at Antioch  in Pisidia  Iconium and Lystra  in Lycaonia    Ac","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ti 1:2-5","BibBk1":"Ti","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6708,"EventTxt":"Paul and Barnabas went no further than Derbe and returned to Lystra Iconium and to Antioch  They confirmed the minds of the disciples and exhorted them to endure affliction for their faith s sake without wavering  They appointed bishops over them in everyone of their churches and prayed for them with fasting  They commended them to God in whom they believed  Later they travelled over Pisidia and came into Pamphylia  After they had declared and published the word of the Lord at Perga  they crossed to Attalia and sailed to Antioch from where they started  They told to the congregated churches what God had done through them and how he had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 14:21-27","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6709,"EventTxt":"Tiberius Alexander replaced Caspius Fidus as the governor of the Jewish government  He was the son of Alexander  the alabarch of Alexandria  an old friend of Claudius   who had forsaken the Jewish religion    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6710,"EventTxt":"A little after this when the news spread through all Judea  Helena the queen of Adiabene  in the confines of Assyria and Mesopotamia  was converted by a certain Jew to the worship of the true God and came to visit the temple at Jerusalem  She wanted to worship the true God there and to pay her vows and made ample provision for her journey  She was delayed for a few days by her son Izates  who was then king  and later converted to the same religion by Ananias  a Jewish merchant  When she saw many of the Jews starving from famine  she sent some to Alexandria for a large quantity of wheat which she paid for by herself  She sent others to Cyprus to get a large quantity of figs to their relief  These quickly returned and she divided all the food to those who needed it  When her son  Izates heard of the hardships caused by the famine  he sent money to the chief magistrates at Jerusalem   Josephus  Antiq         c       <c          >","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6711,"EventTxt":"Izates  the king  sent his five sons to Jerusalem to learn their language and customs correctly  His mother Helena also erected three pyramids about   yards from Jerusalem in which the bones of her son  Izates were entombed   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c            >  The monuments of Helena were extant  not only in the time of Josephus  but in Eusebius also   Josephus  Wars        bell  kef  n    is in Greek  or       cap         in Latin     Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     p      Jerome  Epistle","YearBCAD":45,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4048,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4758,"Dating":"4048b AM, 4758 JP, 45 AD"}
{"Index":6712,"EventTxt":"Paul and Barnabas stayed at Antioch with the disciples for a long time   Ac      After that  Paul  as it appears  preached the gospel even to Illyricum to those who never heard it before   Ro        He suffered those things there which he mentioned in his second epistle to the Corinthians    Co          He mentioned that he had been whipped with rods at Philippi and twice elsewhere by the Gentiles  Five times he received   stripes from the Jews  He had been shipwrecked three times and was all night in the deep  We find that five years elapsed between the return of Paul and Barnabas to Antioch and their going to the council at Jerusalem  We cannot place these things better anywhere else than in so large a vacuum and silence in the history of the church","YearBCAD":46,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4759,"Dating":"4050a AM, 4759 JP, 46 AD"}
{"Index":6713,"EventTxt":"When Valerius Asiaticus was again consul  the island of Therasia rose from the Aegean Sea  Seneca  Natural Quest         c             c      on a night when the moon was eclipsed    Aurelius Victor  in Claudius  This eclipse was seen the last night of December  which ended the year when Valerius Asiaticus was consul for the second time  and the first of January which began the consulships of Claudius  fourth time  and Lucius Vitellius  third time   This little island appeared for the first time near Thera     Dio","YearBCAD":46,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4759,"Dating":"4050a AM, 4759 JP, 46 AD"}
{"Index":6714,"EventTxt":"James and Simon the sons of Judas of Galilee were crucified because in Qurinius  time  they incited the Jews to revolt   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6715,"EventTxt":"Herod  the king of Chalcis  removed Joseph the son of Camydus  and made Ananias the son of Nebedaeus the high priest in his place   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6716,"EventTxt":"Gotarzes prepared to kill Artabanus  the king of the Parthians  with his wife and son   Tacitus  Annals        c      However  Artabanus died and left his kingdom to his son  Bardanes   Josephus  Antiq         c      Tacitus stated that Gotarzes and Bardanes were brothers and Josephus thought them to be Artabanus  sons","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6717,"EventTxt":"Bardanes was invited by the Parthians  who feared the cruelty of Gotarzes  to be their king  He was always an adventurous man and in two days had covered   miles and invaded Gotarzes  He was terrified by his sudden coming  Without delay Bardanes seized the next provinces also  Only the city of Seleucia refused to submit  Since they had also revolted against his father  he was very angry with them  He unwisely wasted time and besieged their very strong city which was fortified on the one side by a river and on the other with a very strong guard  In the interim  Gotarzes with the help of the Dahae and Hyrcanians  recruited his forces and renewed the war  Thereupon Bardanes was forced to abandon the siege of Seleucia and withdraw to Bactria   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6718,"EventTxt":"The news of the Parthian discord and that they were fighting to appoint a new king reached Rome  Mithridates  the king of Armenia the Greater  was advised by Claudius Caesar to march into Armenia  He trusted in the power and wealth of his brother Pharasmanes  the king of the Iberians  Indeed  the affairs of the east were in such a turmoil  that Mithridates took over Armenia  The Roman soldiers subdued the citadels and strong forts while the Iberian army held the field  The Armenians did not resist for Demonactes  their general was killed in a battle  Immediately  Cotys  the king of Armenia the Less advanced there but Caesar changed his mind through letters he sent him  All the countries rallied to Mithridates  who behaved more harshly than was fitting for a new king   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6719,"EventTxt":"Gotarzes and Bardanes were about to fight  Gotarzes showed his brother the treachery of the people and they shook hands and swore at an altar to revenge themselves on each others  enemies  They made peace between themselves  Bardanes appeared better to hold the kingdom so Gotarzes  to avoid all strife  retired into Hyrcania   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6720,"EventTxt":"When Bardanes returned  Seleucia surrendered in the seventh year after its defection  After this he invaded the strongest provinces and planned to recover Armenia  Vibius Marsus  or  according to Josephus  Cassius Longinus  who was the governor of Syria  threatened him with war through his ambassador   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":47,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4050,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4760,"Dating":"4050b AM, 4760 JP, 47 AD"}
{"Index":6721,"EventTxt":"Ventidius Cumanus replaced Tiberius Alexander in the government of the Jews and Herod  the king of Chalcis brother of that great Agrippa died in the eighth year of Claudius  reign  He was survived by three sons of whom Aristobulus was by his former wife Mariamme and Berniciansus  and Hyrcanus were sons of Bernice his brother s daughter   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":48,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4051,"JulPer":4761,"Dating":"4051 AM, 4761 JP, 48 AD"}
{"Index":6722,"EventTxt":"As the feast of the passover was approaching  many people came from all parts to the feasts  Cumanus followed the example of the previous governors and set one cohort for a guard on the porch of the temple to preclude any riots  On the fourth day of the feast  one of the soldiers showed his obscene parts to the crowd who cried out and were enraged by that action   History s first flasher   They said that the one whom they honoured in that feast was affronted by it and some of the boldest of them railed against Cumanus saying this impudent soldier was sent by him  When Cumanus heard this he was quite troubled and wanted the people to raise no commotions in the time of the feast  When they still railed at him  he commanded the whole army to Antonia  a citadel that adjoined the temple  When the common people saw the soldiers coming  they were afraid  They began to flee in panic and stampeded into a narrow passage and thought that the soldiers had pursued them  They oppressed and trampled one another so that     of them were found dead   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  Josephus stated elsewhere that only     died   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >    Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c          Rufinus noted more than     perished  Eusebius and Orosius also confirmed Rufinus  number   Eusebius  Chronicles   Orosius        c","YearBCAD":48,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4051,"JulPer":4761,"Dating":"4051 AM, 4761 JP, 48 AD"}
{"Index":6723,"EventTxt":"Some who fled and escaped this tumult  robbed Caesar s servant  Steven on the road near Bethhoron about   miles from Jerusalem  They took all his bags of treasure  When Cumanus heard this he sent soldiers there with orders to destroy the surrounding villages  In this havock one of the soldiers brought out the books of the Mosaic law which he found in one of those villages  He tore it up in the sight of them all and railed exceedingly against the law and the Jews  When the Jews heard this  they gathered a large company and went to Caesarea where Cumanus lived  They entreated him that he would revenge this act not just for their sakes but for the contempt and wrong of their God  Then the governor was afraid of a revolt among people  Through the advice of his friends  he executed the soldier that had done this and so appeased the people   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":48,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4051,"JulPer":4761,"Dating":"4051 AM, 4761 JP, 48 AD"}
{"Index":6724,"EventTxt":"Apollonius  the Tyanean  on his journey to the Indians  entered the city of Babylon in the second month of the third year of Bardanes and conferred with the king   Philostratus  Life of Apollonius        c         Eusebius  in Hierocl","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6725,"EventTxt":"Gotarzes  regretted that he had surrendered his kingdom and was recalled by his nobility who were the more enslaved by the peace  He gathered a large force and fought with Bardanes at the Erindes River in a fierce battle  Bardanes won and with good success he proceeded and subdued the mid countries to the Tedzhen River which divided the Dahae and the Arii  Their his success ended for although the Parthians were conquerors they hated fighting a long way from home  Therefore he erected monuments there glorifying his power and the subjection to peoples that were never before subject to the Parthians  Bardanes returned home with great glory and became much sterner and more intolerable to his subjects   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6726,"EventTxt":"Bardanes went to Izates  the king of Adialene  and tried to persuade him to join with him in a war against the Romans  Izates tried to change his mind by telling him of the Roman acts and their power  Bardanes was offended at this and immediately planed to war against Izates  His death prevented this war   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >  When the Parthians knew that he planned to make war with the Romans  they surprised and killed him while he was hunting  He died in his prime and was one of the most famous for such a young king  If he had obtained the love of his subjects as he had the fear of his enemies  he might have been numbered among the old ones   Josephus  Antiq         c     <   >   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6727,"EventTxt":"The Parthian affairs were thrown into confusion by the death of Bardanes and they did not know who would be the next king  Many favoured Gotarzes and some wanted Meherdates  the son of Phraates the  th  the son of Zenones the  st  who was then a hostage with the Romans  At last Gotarzes prevailed and occupied the throne  He forced the Parthians by his luxury and cruelty to send secretly to Claudius to send them Meherdates to be their king   Tacitus  Annals          c       They complained of Gotarzes  cruelty to the nobility and the common people  First Gotarzes killed his brothers then his close relatives then his more distant relatives  He even killed pregnant women and their small children  He was slothful and licentious at home and unlucky in war  he covered his foul deeds by his cruelty   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6728,"EventTxt":"Didius  the Roman general had deposed Mithridates from the kingdom of Bosphorus and made his son Cotys  a rash young fellow  king there  Didius led away the power of the army and left the new king with only a few cohorts under the command of Julius Aquila  a Roman equestrian  When Mithridates had lost everything  he wandered about and incited the countries and gathered from them all the renegades  He got together an army and disposed the king of the Daridaridae and took over his kingdom   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6729,"EventTxt":"After Claudius heard the Parthian ambassadors  he sent Mithridates  or Meherdates  to be their king  He told him that he should not think of himself as an autocrat among slaves but as a guide of free men and that he should show mercy and justice  He ordered C  Cassius  who was governor of Syria that he escort the young man safely to the banks of the Euphrates River   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6730,"EventTxt":"At this time Cassius excelled all others in his legal skill but was inexperienced in martial affairs since there were no wars going on  He renewed the ancient customs of exercising the legions with the same care as if an enemy had been invading the country  He wanted to live up to the name of the Cassian family and his ancestors who were held in high esteem in those countries  When he had pitched his tents at Zeugma  where the river was easily crossed  he convened those who had voted to make Meherdates king  When the Parthian nobles and the king of the Arabians  Acbarus  or Abgarus  had arrived  he  before them  admonished the young man Meherdates not to delay since that caused people to lose enthusiasm and instigated treachery  Therefore he advised him to press on with his plans quickly  Meherdates despised this good advice through the deceit of Acbarus  Meherdates was young and thought all fortune consisted in luxury and stayed at the town Edessa for many days   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6731,"EventTxt":"Mithridates was possessed of the kingdom of the Dandaridae and he thought of invading the Bosphorus  Aquila and Cotys  did not think they could handle Mithridates with their own weak forces because Zorsines  king of the Siraci  to Caucasus  had joined with Mithridates  They sent for foreign troops and sent ambassadors to Eunones  who ruled over the country of the Aorsori   among the Scythians  whose friendship they easily obtained by showing how Mithridates had rebelled against the Romans  Therefore they agreed that Eunones should fight the cavalry battles and the Romans would handle the besieging of their cities   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6732,"EventTxt":"After they had marshalled their forces  they advanced  The Romans and Bosphorans defended each wing of Aorsus from before and behind  After they had driven the enemy back  they came to Soza  a town of the Dandaridae which was abandoned by Mithridates because the loyalty of the people was suspect  The invading forces thought it best to take it and leave a garrison there  They went on into the country of the Siracians  After they crossed the Panda River they besieged Uspe which was defended by walls and ditches  The walls were not made of stone  but wickerwork hurdles with earth between and were weak  From the high seige towers  they attacked the besieged with firebrands and spears  Had night not intervened and stopped the battle  the place would have been captured the same day   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6733,"EventTxt":"The next day ambassadors  unsuccessfully asked that they might go free who were free born and offered     slaves  The conquerors despised this offer because it would be cruelty to kill those who had surrendered and dangerous to keep such a large company of prisoners  They decided to let the matter be settled in a battle  They ordered the soldiers  who scaled the walls  to kill everyone in the city  The rest of the country was terrified by the destruction of Uspe  They saw that eminent and fortified places were of no value but the enemy broke through rivers and all  Zorsines thought hard about the future of his alliance with Mithridates and if he should rather attend to his own distressed country  At last he abandoned Mithridates and gave hostages to the Romans  He fell down at the image of Caesar  in respect to the great glory of the Roman army  who were victorious  The Romans were unscathed and triumphant and were only a three day s journey from the Tanais River  Their return journey was not so successful  Some of their returning ships ran aground on the coasts of the Tuarians  The barbarians surrounded them and killed the captain of their cohort and many more   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6734,"EventTxt":"In the interim Mithridates had no relief and tried to decide whose mercy he had best seek  His brother Cotys  who was formerly his traitor  he now feared would be his enemy  There was none of the Romans of sufficient authority for his promises to carry much weight  He fled to Eunones  entered his palace  fell at his feet and said  Mithridates hunted for by sea and land for so many years  behold  is now present of his own accord  Use as you please the son of great Achamenes  for my enemies have taken all other help from me","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6735,"EventTxt":"Eunones was moved with the honour of the person  the change of his fortune and his generous petition  He wrote to Caesar and sent ambassadors to entreat Claudius not to restore Mithridates  kingdom  not to have him in a triumph nor put him to death  Claudius was undecided whether to punish or pardon him  At last he decided to grant a more merciful sentence   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4052,"JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4052 AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6736,"EventTxt":"Carrenes sent for Mehardates to take over the kingdom and told him it would be very easy if he came without delay  Mehardates was given bad advice and did not go straight to Mesopotamia but took a more round about way through Armenia at the start of the winter season which was a difficult time to travel  They were exhausted by the journey through the mountains when they finally arrived in the plain country  They joined forces with Carrenes and crossed the Tigris River  They marched across Adiabene  whose King Izites was publicly friendly with Mehardates but privately loyal to Gotarzes  In spite of their journey  they captured the ancient Assyrian capital city of Ninos   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6737,"EventTxt":"Mithridates of Bosphorus was brought to Rome by Junius Cilo  the procurator of Pontus  He is said to have addressed Caesar somewhat more highly than his condition warranted and that he said these words  VV I am not sent back to you  but I have come back  If you do not believe me  let me go again and then try to catch me","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6738,"EventTxt":"His countenance continued undaunted  when at the rostrum he was exposed to public view and hemmed in on all sides with guards  Consular ensigns were given to Cilo and the praetorian ones to Aquila   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6739,"EventTxt":"The Bithynians accused Junius Cilo their prefect of taking many large bribes  They spoke before Claudius in a riotous fashion and Claudius did not understand what they meant  He asked those who stood by what they said  They lied and replied that they thanked him for Junius Cilo  Claudius believed it and said  vv Let him therefore be their procurator for two more years     Dio","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6740,"EventTxt":"At this time the Bithynians accused Cadius Rufus  their governor  of extortion and he was condemned   Tacitus  Annals        c       Tacitus  Histories        c","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6741,"EventTxt":"When the King Sohaemus of Ituraea and King Agrippa of Judea were dead  their countries are added to the province of Syria   Tacitus  Annals        c      Indeed the years of Agrippa the younger s reign were calculated from Josephus  He stated that the beginning of the Jewish war  which started in May   AD  was in the  th year of King Agrippa   Josephus  Wars        c     fin  kef ke init   It is also calculated from the Greek money which stated that when Judea was taken  about September   AD   it was the  st year of Agrippa  Claudius did not give his father s kingdom of Judea to Agrippa the younger  but to his uncle Herod of Chalcis  Herod also received authority over the temple and holy treasury and to choose the high priests  which was granted before to his uncle Herod       His father s kingdom was added to Syria so that it should have a procurator there  However by Caesar s choice Ventidius Cumanus  as formerly  retained at this time the administration of Judea and Galilee and Felix was sent as procurator for Samaria which was between them  Felix was a freedman of Claudius and his mother  Antonius  had the surname Antonius from her and Claudius from him  He was the brother of another freedman  Pallantes  whom Tacitus notes to have been most affectionately beloved by his patron Claudius   Tacitus  Annals         c       Previous Next Table of Contents","YearBCAD":49,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4762,"Dating":"4053a AM, 4762 JP, 49 AD"}
{"Index":6742,"EventTxt":"Gotarzes at the mountain Sambulon made vows to the god of the place  The chief cult of that is Hercules  His army was not yet strong enough and he used the Corma  Adhaim    River for his defence  Although he was incited to battle by envoys with challenges  he delayed and moved from place to place  He sent bribes to corrupt the loyalty of his enemies  The king of Adiabene and King Acbarus of the Arabians  of Edessa  deserted to Gotarzes because by experience it was known that the barbarians would rather seek a king at Rome than keep him  Meherdates was stripped of his forces and did not trust those who remained  He resolved to decide the matter in a battle  Gotarzes joined battle confident now that he could defeat his weakened forces  They fought with a great slaughter and uncertain outcome  When Carrenes routed his opponents and advanced too far  fresh troops cut off his return  Mehardates gave up all hope and trusted to the promises of Parraces  his father s client  Mehardates was defeated by his deceit  and turned over to the conqueror  Gotarzes sneered at Meherdates as being no relative of his  not of the royal family of the Arsaces but one who was a Roman and foreigner  He cut off his ears in contempt of the Romans and gave him his life to show his mercy   Tacit        c","YearBCAD":50,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4763,"Dating":"4053b AM, 4763 JP, 50 AD"}
{"Index":6743,"EventTxt":"At the age of fourteen  Josephus  the son of Matthias  was an accomplished scholar and was consulted about the more full sense and meaning of the law  even by the high priests and leaders of Jerusalem   Josephus  Life  <   >","YearBCAD":50,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4763,"Dating":"4053b AM, 4763 JP, 50 AD"}
{"Index":6744,"EventTxt":"After Gotarzes died of a disease  Venones who was the president of the Medes  was called to the rule there  He had a short and most undistinguished reign among them  The Parthian kingdom was given to Volgeses  his son  His mother was a concubine and he attained the kingdom with the agreement of his brothers   Tacitus        c         Josephus wrote that Gotarzes was killed by treachery and his brother Volgeses succeeded him  He added that he divided the kingdom to his two brothers by the same father  Pacorus who was the oldest received Media and to the younger Tiridates  Armenia   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":50,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4053,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4763,"Dating":"4053b AM, 4763 JP, 50 AD"}
{"Index":6745,"EventTxt":"A war arose between the Armenians and Iberians  which was the cause of very great troubles between the Romans and Parthians  Pharasmanes obtained the Iberians by ancient possession and his brother Mithridates the Armenia with the help of the Romans  Pharasmanes had a son called Rhadamistus who was very handsome  proper composure  of a very strong body and much admired by the whole country  When he began to desire his father s kingdom  the aged Pharasmanes was afraid and tried to divert him by giving him the idea of taking over Armenia  He told his son that he defeated the Parthians and gave it to Mithridates  He added that it was better to use craft than force to get it and so take Mithridates by surprise  Then they might easily oust him and do what they pleased  So Rhadamistus  pretended to have fallen out with his father and said he could not endure his step mother s hostility  He then defected to his uncle Mithridates and behaved well  All the while he was seducing the Armenian nobles and leaders to rebel   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4054,"JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4054 AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6746,"EventTxt":"Rhadamistus pretended to be reconciled and after he returned to his father  he told him how far he had gone by deceit and that the rest must be done by force  In the interim  Pharasmanes trumped up some reasons for war  He alleged that during the war against the king of the Albanians  his brother had opposed his appeal for Roman help and he must pay for that wrong with his life  He gave his son a large army and he suddenly invaded Armenia  Mithridates was compelled to repair to the citadel of Gorneas and was terrified and deprived of the country  The place was very secure because of its location and the strong guard under Coelius Pollio and Casperius was his centurion  Rhadamistus tried in vain and with great loss to capture the fortress  Then he began to see if he could bribe Pollio with money  However  Casperius opposed the overthrow of a king and ally because Armenia was given to Mithridates by the Romans and should not be sold for money  At last  when Casperius argued for the superior number of the enemy  Rhadamistus pleaded his father s orders  Finally they made a truce and Casperius left  He stated that although he had frightened Pharasmanes by wars  he should make T  Numidius Quadratus  the governor of Syria  aware of the state of affairs in Armenia   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4054,"JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4054 AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6747,"EventTxt":"The sixth Calippic period began","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4054,"JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4054 AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6748,"EventTxt":"After the departure of Casperius the centurion  Pollio the prefect  was no longer under his supervision  He urged Mithridates to make a league  with his older brother Pharasmanes  Pollio said that Mithridates had married Pharasmanes  daughter and he was an uncle to Rhadamistus and gave him many other reasons  Mithridates delayed the matter and did not trust Pollio for he kept a whore and was given up to all manner of lust and luxury  He was known to be available for a price for any outrage  In the meantime  Casparius required Pharasmanes to withdraw the Iberians from the siege  He gave vague answers and seemed inclined to do it but in the meantime he sent secretly to Rhadamistus to capture the citadel as quickly as possible by any means he could  Rhadamistus secretly bribed the soldiers to demand peace and to threaten to stop fighting  This forced Mithridates to appoint a day for a conference and he left the citadel  At first Rhadamistus feigned obedience and embraced him and called him his father in law and father  He swore an oath that he would not harm him with the sword or poison  He lead him immediately to a nearby grove and told Mithridates that he had provided to sacrifice there that by the witness of the gods  their peace might be confirmed  However  Mithridates was thrown down and bound with chains  Finally when Pharsamanes  orders were received  Rhadamistus  as if mindful of his oath  cast down his father in law  Rhadamistus  uncle   together with wife  Rhadamistus  sister  and heaped heavy clothing on them so that they were smothered to death  His sons were all killed because they cried at their father s death   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4054,"JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4054 AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6749,"EventTxt":"When Quatratus heard that Mithridates was betrayed and slain and Armenia was ruled by his murderers  he called a council and explained the business and whether it was to be revenged  After they had debated the matter  many were of the opinion to do nothing  However lest they should seem to assent to such a wickedness and Caesar should order them otherwise  they sent messengers to Pharasmanes to order him to get out of Armenia and to recall his son   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4054,"JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4054 AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6750,"EventTxt":"Julius Pelignus was the procurator of Cappadocia and was equally contemptible for his stupidity and his appearance  He was extremely intimate with Claudius when he was a private man and most amused with ease and sloth  Pelignus gathered together the auxiliaries of the provinces as if he would recover Armenia  He then preyed rather on his friends than his enemies  His troops deserted him and he was left defenceless against the barbarian invasions  He went to Rhadamistus who bribed him well  Pelignus urged him to assume the kingly ensigns and was the very author and abettor to him in it  When this dishonourable conduct was known and lest the rest of the Romans would be branded with Pelignus  fault  Helvidius Priscus was sent as an ambassador with a legion for a time to take care of those unsettled affairs  He quickly crossed the Taurus Mountains and settled more things by diplomacy than with force  He was ordered to return into Syria for fear of a new Parthian war  Vologeses planned to invade Armenia which was part of his ancient kingdom and now ruled by a wicked foreign king  He gathered an army and prepared to give his brother Tiridates the kingdom so that none of the family might be without a kingdom  When the Parthians came  the Iberians were overcome without a fight and the cities of Armenia  Artaxata and Tigranocerta came under their yoke  A very terrible winter followed and an epidemic broke out among the Parthians for lack of supplies  This compelled Vologeses to evacuate the country for the time being   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4055a AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6751,"EventTxt":"Rhadamistus invaded Armenia now that there was no ruler there  He behaved more cruelly than before as if he came against rebels and who in time would rebel again  Although the Armenians were accustomed to servitude  their patience ran out and they took up arms  They surrounded the palace and forced Rhadamistus and his wife  Zenobia  to flee on fast horses  His wife was great with child and tried at first to endure the flight for she feared the enemy and loved her husband  Afterwards with continued haste  her belly was jarred too much and her bowels tormented her with pangs  She begged that she might die rather honourably than live in the disgrace of captivity  At first  he embraced  cherished and helped her  He admired her courage and was sick with fear if he should have to leave her that someone might find and harm her  At last for the vehemency of his love and being no stranger to wicked exploits  he drew his sabre  After he wounded her sufficiently  he dragged her body to the bank of the Araxis River and threw her into it so that she would not fall into enemy hands  He immediately went through Iberia to his father s throne  In the meantime some shepherds found Zenobia  obviously breathing and alive and thought that she was nobly born by her appearance  They bound up her wounds and applied their country medicines  When they knew her name and story  they carried her to Artaxata  From there she was officially brought to Tiridates  He accepted her courteously and took her as his queen   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4055a AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6752,"EventTxt":"Certain professors of the name of Christ  of the sect of the Pharisees  came down from Judea to Antioch  and said that the Christians of the Gentiles ought to be circumcised and keep the law of Moses if they would be saved  This upset many of the brethren in Syria and Cilicia with their perverse doctrine  Both Paul and Barnabas stiffly opposed them  Ac             Paul called them brethren brought in unawares  Ga     Philastrius  Philastrius  de Haeres  c      and Epiphanius  Epiphanius  Heres      said that Cerinthus  who was an arch heritic  was the first to hold this opinion","YearBCAD":51,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4764,"Dating":"4055a AM, 4764 JP, 51 AD"}
{"Index":6753,"EventTxt":"Fourteen years after he went to Jerusalem  which he did three years after his conversion  Paul went to Jerusalem with Barnabas    Ga        Both of them were sent from the church at Antioch with some others that they might ask the judgment of the apostles and elders at Jerusalem   whose names those disturbers had misused to bolster their own opinion  concerning the recent controversy   Ac","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6754,"EventTxt":"Paul went up by revelation and Titus  a Greek  accompanied him  Paul would not compel him to be circumcised lest he should seem to give place to the false brethren for a moment","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ga 2:1-5","BibBk1":"Ga","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6755,"EventTxt":"On their journey through Phoenicia and Samaria  Paul and Barnabas told of the conversion of the Gentiles to the great joy of all the brethren  When they came to Jerusalem  they were received by the church and of the apostles and elders  Paul and Barnabas told what things God had done through them   Ac","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6756,"EventTxt":"Paul related the gospel that he had preached among the Gentiles  privately to the leaders among the apostles  James  Peter and John   who were thought to be the pillars of the church   They saw that the gospel among the Gentiles was committed to Paul just as the Jews were to Peter  They saw the grace that was given to Paul and they gave the right hand of fellowship to him and Barnabas that these should perform the office of the apostleship among the Gentiles and they among the Jews  They advised them only that they should take care to relieve the poor at Jerusalem   Ga","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6757,"EventTxt":"In a council of the apostles and elders held at Jerusalem  there was a long dispute  After Peter had spoken his opinion  Barnabas and Paul told what great miracles God had done by them among the Gentiles  Then James concluded that it seemed good by the common decree of the apostles  elders and of the whole church that the Gentiles should abstain from things sacrificed to idols  fornication  strangled animals and eating blood  For this purpose  letters were written to them at Antioch  and to the rest of the brethren in Syria and Cilicia  Paul and Barnabas carried these letters to Antioch to Judas  After they had delivered and read the letters  the brethren greatly rejoiced  Judas and Silas were also prophets and exhorted the brethren with many words","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 15:6-32","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6758,"EventTxt":"Later Judas returned to the apostles and Silas thought it best to stay at Antioch where Paul and Barnabas along with many others preached the gospel","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 15:33-35","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6759,"EventTxt":"Josephus  the son of Matthias  when he was sixteenth  began with much hard labour  to learned as much as he could about all three sects of the Jews  the Pharisees  Sadducees and Essenes   Josephus  Life","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6760,"EventTxt":"Pallas  the freed man of Claudius  was given an honourary praetorship and       sesterces   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6761,"EventTxt":"When the Galileans went up to the feast at Jerusalem  they had to travel through Samaria       It happened that there was a Galilean killed in a Samaritan village called Nais   or Ginea   This caused a fight between the travellers and the villagers in which many of the Galileans were killed  The Jewish rulers took this very heinously and stirred up the Jews to arms and exhorted them to defend their liberty  They said slavery was bad enough without having to suffer additional wrongs as well  At Jerusalem  the common people left the feast  took up arms and invaded Samaria  They would not stop fighting no matter what the magistrates said or did  The people also called for help from Eleazar  the son of Dineus  and Alexander  both the captains of the thieves  They invaded the part of Samaria which bordered on the country of Acrabatene and made a confused slaughter  They spared no age nor sex and also burnt the towns  When Cumanus knew what was done  he took with him one cavalry troop from Sebaste and four cohorts of foot soldiers along with armed Samaritans and he attacked the Jews  When he had overtaken them  he killed many of those who followed Eleazar but took more prisoners  When the rulers of Jerusalem saw the magnitude of the calamity  they put on sack cloth and ashes on their heads and pleaded with the rest of the multitude who went to destroy the territories of Samaria that they would change their minds  They told them how their country would be destroyed  the temple burnt and their wives and children taken captives  Therefore they begged them to put down their arms and go home  The Jews obeyed and went home  However  the thieves retired again to their strongholds and after this time Judea was overrun by thieves   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Joh 4:3-4","BibBk1":"Joh","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6762,"EventTxt":"The governors of Samaria resorted to Numidius Quadratus  the president of Syria who then lived at Tyre  They begged him to take vengeance on the Jews who had plundered and burned their towns  Some of the Jewish nobility and Jonathan  the son of Ananus the high priest answered the changes  They stated that the Samaritans started this sedition by murdering a Jew and that Cumanus was the cause of all the calamities that followed because he was bribed and would not revenge that murder  When Quadratus had heard them  he deferred his sentence and said that he would decide that matter when he came to Judea and there more exactly know the truth of the matter  So they departed and nothing was done   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6763,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Felix  by his injudicious disciplinary measures  provoked the Jews to offend the more  Ventidius Cumanus  who controlled part of the province was his rival in all manner of wickedness  Cumanus administered the area of Galilee and Felix the Samaritans  Both countries were always at odds but then much more through the contempt of their governors  Therefore they invaded one another and sent thieves and robbers to plunder  They laid ambushes and sometimes fought battles and brought the spoils and preys to the governors  At first the governors were pleased but when the disorder grew intolerable  they sent soldiers to quell it who were all killed  The whole province would have been in an uproar had not Quadratus redressed the matter in time   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6764,"EventTxt":"He acted immediately and executed those Jews who had killed the Roman soldiers  Cumanus  and Felix s actions were told to Claudius  When he had heard the causes of the rebellion  he gave authority to Quadratus to deal with the matter even with the officials of the provinces  Quadratus appointed Felix among the judges   because he was the brother of Pallas  the great favourite at Rome  and received him into the tribunal to intimidate his accusers  Cumanus alone was condemned for the faults that both had committed  By that means  Quadratus made peace in the province   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6765,"EventTxt":"The Cietae tribes of Cilicia made Trosoborus  or Arosoboras  their captain  They camped on rough mountains and from there ran down to the shores and cities  They plundered the husbandmen and citizens but most commonly the merchants and seamen  They besieged also the cities of the Anemunenses and also routed the cavalry sent from Syria who were sent there under their captain Curtius Severus  The places around there were good to fight on foot but poor for the cavalry  Then Antiochus Epiphanes the  th  the king of that country  used diplomacy toward the common people and craft toward their captain and divided their forces  He executed Trosuborus and some of the ring leaders and appeased the rest through his clemency   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6766,"EventTxt":"When Peter the apostle came to Antioch  he ate and was friendly with the believing Gentiles  When certain Jewish brethren came there from James  he withdrew himself from the Gentiles and some Jews of the church of Antioch followed his example  Barnabas was even carried away with their hypocrisy  This was plainly contrary to the gospel and Paul did not stand for it  He withstood Barnabas to the face and sharply reproved his fearfulness before them all   Ga  ll","YearBCAD":52,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4055,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4765,"Dating":"4055b AM, 4765 JP, 52 AD"}
{"Index":6767,"EventTxt":"When Quadratus came to Samaria  he ordered those who were accused to defend their actions and found that the tumult was caused by the Samaritans  When he went to Caesarea  he knew that some Jews were trying to rebel  Therefore he hanged those whom Cumanus had taken alive and taken prisoner  He went to Lydda which was almost the size of a city  and held a tribunal to hear again the cause of the Samaritans  He learned from a certain Samaritan  that Dortus  a ruler of the Jews had persuaded the Jews to a revolt  Quadratus had Dortus executed  He also beheaded eighteen Jews  who had been in the fight   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6768,"EventTxt":"Quadratus sent to Caesar  two of the chief priests  Jonathan and Ananias and his son Ananus along with some of the nobility of the Jews and of the Samaritans  He ordered also that Cumanus the governor and Celer the tribune to go to Rome to give an account to Caesar of what they had done in the country   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6769,"EventTxt":"After this was done  Quadratus feared that the Jews might revolt  He went from Lydda to Jerusalem where he found all things quiet and the people busy celebrating their feast of unleavened bread and offering sacrifices  Therefore  he thought that they would be quiet and he left them busy at their feast and returned to Antioch   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6770,"EventTxt":"Cumanus and the Samaritans were sent to Rome  At an appointed day  they were ordered to defend their actions  They obtained the favour of Caesar s freedmen and friends and would have won there case  However  King Agrippa the younger  who was living at Rome  saw that the rulers of the Jews were being over powered by the favour of the great ones  He by much intreaty had Agrippina  the wife of Claudius  persuade her husband that he would fully hear the matter and execute justice on those he found to be the authors of the sedition  Claudius yielded to their requests and when he heard both sides he knew that the Samaritans started the fighting  Claudius executed those who came before him to plead their cause  He punished Cumanus with banishment and sent Celer  the tribune  as prisoner to Jerusalem  He was to be turned over to the Jews to be punished  He was to be dragged through the city and then beheaded   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >        Claudius sent Claudius Felix  the brother of Paulus  to be the governor of Judea as well as Samaria and Galilee   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >  Jonathan the high priest had begged Caesar for him   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  Suetonius wrote   Suetonius  Claudius  c      vv Claudius preferred Felix  one of his freedmen  to command the cavalry or foot soldiers and to the government of Judea  He was the husband of three queens","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6772,"EventTxt":"Tacitus wrote   Tacitus  Annals        c      vv When Felix was the governor of Judea  he thought he might do any wickedness with impunity and behaved arrogantly","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6773,"EventTxt":"He added this about his tyrannical government in Judea   Tacitus  Histories        c      vv Antonius Felix exercised regal power with the instincts of a slave with all cruelty and lust  He married Drusilla  the niece of Cleopatra and Antonius  Claudius was the grandchild of the same Antonius and son of Felix","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6774,"EventTxt":"When king Agrippa the younger had governed Chalcis for four years  after the  th year of his empire  Claudius took that from him and gave him a larger one  He received the tetrarchy of Philip  which contained Batanea  Gaulonitis and Trachonitis  He also added Abilene  or Abila  which was the tetrarchy of Lysanias which Varus had governed   Josephus  Wars        c     <c       >   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6775,"EventTxt":"After Agrippa had been advanced by Caesar s gifts  he gave Drusilla  his sister  in marriage to Azizus  the king of the Emisa who was circumcised  Epiphanes  the son of Antiochus the king of the Commagenians had refused her  because he changed his mind and would not embrace the Jewish religion as he had promised her father  Agrippa gave in marriage Mariamme to Julius Archelaus the son of Helcias  to whom she was betrothed by her father Agrippa   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6776,"EventTxt":"Josephus  the son of Matthias  began to adopt the lifestyle of Banus  who lived in the wilderness who clothed himself with what the trees brought forth and used for his food those things which grew of themselves  To keep himself chaste  he often washed himself in cold water and thus he lived for three years   Josephus  Life  <   >","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6777,"EventTxt":"Nero took up the cause of the Ilienses in his speech  He said how the Romans were descended from Troy and that Aeneas was the father of the Julian family as well as many other old things which were likely fables  The Ilienses were freed from tribute for ever because they were the founders of the Romans  Nero read this speech publicly in Greek to the senate and the people of Rome  He promised to King Seleucus friendship and alliance and freed their kinsmen  the Ilienses from all tribute        Suetonius  Claudius  c","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6778,"EventTxt":"Rhodians repened of their old misdeeds and Claudius restored their liberty  It was often taken away or confirmed either as they had deserved in foreign wars or offended by sedition at home   Suetonius  Claudius  c       Tacitus  Annals  c      Suetonius wrote that he pleaded for the Rhodians and Ilienses in Greek before his father Claudius who was in his last consulship two years earlier   Suetonius  Nero  c      Claudius remitted all tribute to the Apameans for five years  because their city was destroyed by an earthquake   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6779,"EventTxt":"After that Claudius spoke concerning the freeing of the island of Cos from tribute  He alleged many things about their antiquity such as that the Argives or perhaps Coeus  the father of the goddess Latona  of whom the island was named  were the ancient inhabitants  Aesulapius brought the art of healing there and he was famous among all his posterity  He named them by their names and in what ages they lived  Then he said that Zenophon his own physician  was from Cos and descended from that family  Claudius had yielded to his entreaty that they might hereafter be free from tribute and be devoted to the service of that god   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6780,"EventTxt":"Paul asked Barnabas to go again and visit the churches where they had preached the gospel  Barnabas was determined to take John Mark with him but Paul thought it not good to take him since he had abandoned them in Pamphylia  Ac      and did not went with them to the work  Barnabas took this badly that such an infamy should lie upon his sister s son   Col      The contention was so sharp that they departed one from the other  Barnabas took Mark and sailed to his own country of Cyprus but Paul who was commended to the grace of God  chose Silas and went into Syria and Cilicia and confirmed the brethren","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 15:36-41","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6781,"EventTxt":"Paul came to Derbe and Lystra and found there among the disciples  Timothy who was born of a Greek or Gentile father but his mother was a believing Jew  Eunice  to whom all the brethren at Iconium and Lystra gave good testimony  Paul wanted to take Timothy with him  To win over the Jews more easily  he had Timothy circumcised","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 16:1-3","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6782,"EventTxt":"As Paul and Silas passed through the cities  they gave them the decrees they were to keep that were ordained by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem  The churches were established in the faith and increased in number daily   Ac","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6783,"EventTxt":"When they had gone through Phrygia and the region of Galatia  they were forbidden by the Spirit to preach the word of God in Asia  When they had come to Mysia  they planned to go into Bithynia but the Spirit did not allow them  They left Mysia and came down to Troas  Here  Paul had a vision of a man asking them to come into Macedonia to help them","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 16:6-9","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6784,"EventTxt":"When he had seen this vision  they planned to go into Macedonia and were certain that the Lord had called them there to preach the gospel   Ac      Thus said Luke who spoke after this of Paul and his companions in the first person whereas always before he had spoken in the third person  He showed that from that time  he was a companion of Paul s in the preaching of the Gospel","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4056,"JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4056 AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6785,"EventTxt":"Paul and Silas with Luke and Timothy sailed from Troas and sailed straight to Samothracia  The next day they arrived at Neapolis and from there to Philippi  It was the main city of that part of Macedonia and a Roman colony  They stayed there for some days   Ac","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6786,"EventTxt":"On the sabbath day  they left the city to go to the river side where there was an house of prayer  They spoke to the women who came there  Among these was Lydia who worshipped God and was a seller of purple in the city of Thyatira  She listened to the things which Paul said and the Lord opened her heart and she believed in Christ  When she was baptized and her household  she entertained Paul and his companions","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 16:13-15","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6787,"EventTxt":"Later at the place of prayer  they cast out an unclean spirit from a servant who had the spirit of divination  He had cried after them many days and said that these men were the servants of the most High God and showed them the way of salvation  Paul was grieved and ordered in the name of Jesus  the spirit to come out of her  When the masters of the maid saw that the hope of their financial gain was gone  they drew Paul and Silas into the market place and caused a commotion before the rulers  The rulers had both Paul and Silas publicly scourged and cast into prison  At midnight as they were praying and singing psalms  there was a violent earthquake and all the doors of the prison were opened and all the prisoners bands were released  Therefore the jailor in desperation  would have killed himself with his naked sword  Paul and Silas preached to him and he was converted to the faith and baptized the same night with all his family  When it was day  the magistrates sent them word that they were free to go  Paul and Silas objected about the shame and injury done to them because they had publicly scourged them and cast them into prison uncondemned  Thereupon the magistrates came themselves and set them at liberty with honour and asked them to depart from the city  They went to Lydia s house and comforted the brethren who came to them and so left the city","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 16:16-40","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6788,"EventTxt":"As they journeyed through Amphipolis and Apollonia  they came to Thessalonica  the main city of Macedonia where there was a synagogue of the Jews       There Paul wrote   ITh      that after he was shamefully entreated at Philippi  he preached the gospel with much zeal  As was his custom  Paul went into the synagogue of the Jews for three sabbaths and reasoned with them concerning Christ from the scriptures  Some Jews believed along with a great number of the religious Greeks and many of the chief women","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Ac 17:1-3\", \"Ac 17:2-4\")","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6789,"EventTxt":"Paul taught the Thessalonians about faith in Christ and concerning the future apostasy of antichrist and his revelation","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Th 2:5-12","BibBk1":"Th","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6790,"EventTxt":"When Paul stayed a long time at Thessalonica  he received once and again relief from the Philippians for his needs   Php      The unbelieving Jews stirred up certain lewd fellows of the baser sort and made an uproar in the city  They drew Jason  with whom Paul and his companion lodged  and certain brethren before the magistrates and accused them in a riotous fashion  When the magistrates had taken security from them  the brethren sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 17:5-10","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6791,"EventTxt":"When they had entered into the synagogue of the Jews  they diligently preached Christ from the scriptures  Those that heard diligently compared this with the scriptures  When the scriptures confirmed what was said  many of them believed including many honourable Greek women and men  When the Jews of Thessalonica came there  they stirred up the multitude against Paul  Immediately the brethren sent them away to go as it were to the sea but they brought him to Athens  Paul asked that Silas and Timothy whom he left at Berea  should come quickly to him","YearBCAD":53,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 17:10-15","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4766,"Dating":"4057a AM, 4766 JP, 53 AD"}
{"Index":6792,"EventTxt":"The Jews by the instigation of Chrestus continually caused trouble so that Claudius expelled them from Rome    Suetonius  Claudius  c       Suetonius  if I am not mistaken mentioned only Chrestus  I am not persuaded that Christ out Lord is meant here  for whom the Christians in another place by the same name are called","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6793,"EventTxt":"While Paul waited for Silas and Timothy at Athens  he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and devout men and daily in the market place with anyone who would listen  He argued also with the philosophers of the Epicurean and Stoic sects concerning Christ and the resurrection  He was brought to Mars Hill to hear him expound about these strange gods  Paul defended his cause in a most learned speech  He used the example of the altar dedicated to the unknown God  as also from the testimony of Aratus the poet and confirmed that all were the offspring of God  It was that God whom they ignorantly worshipped that Paul spoke to them about       The God of the Jews among the Gentiles was called the unknown God  In the same sense  Lucan called him the uncertain God   Lucan  Pharsilia         Trebellius Pollio called him the God of uncertain power  In the life of Claudius  whom the inhabitants of Mount Carmel   Tacitus  Histories        c      attributed neither image nor temple but only an altar and reverence  Hence the Athenians made an altar to Mercy in the middle of their city without any image   Statius  Thebais         God s form by pictures cannot be expressed  He loves to dwell within the heart and breast","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 17:16-31","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6794,"EventTxt":"Among Paul s converts were Dionysius the Areopagite  a woman   or his wife as it seem to Ambrose  Chrysostome and Augustine  called Damaris  and some others   Ac","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6795,"EventTxt":"When Felix  the governor of Judea saw Drusilla  the sister of king Agrippa  he fell in love with her  He sent his friend Simon  a Jew from Cyprus who pretended to be a soothsayer  to persuade the woman to leave her husband and marry Felix  Simon promised that she would be happy if she did not refuse him  She married Felix unadvisedly and was willing to escape the troubles of her sister Bernice  who envied her for her beauty  She broke the laws of the Jew s religion  However  Bernice  the widow of her uncle  persuaded Polemon to be circumcised and to marry her  She thought by this that she might prove false that she had illegal conduct with Agrippa  the younger   Polemon agreed because she was rich but the marriage did not last long  Bernice  as it was reported  through her intemperance left him and when he was abandoned by his wife  he immediately left the Jewish religion    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6796,"EventTxt":"At the same time also Mariamme  the third sister of King Agrippa  scorned Julius Archelaus the son of Chelcias  She went and married Demetrius  a chief man among the Jews of Alexandria both for birth and riches and was at that time the alabarch   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6797,"EventTxt":"Paul sent back Silas and Timothy who had come to him from Berea  again into Macedonia and remained alone at Athens  He planned to return to Thessalonica but Satan hindered his plans  Therefore  he sent Timothy there that he might confirm and comfort the Thessalonians in the faith   Ac     ITh","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6798,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  he left Athens and went to Corinth  where he found Aquilla a Jew and his wife Priscilla  who came recently from Italy  because Claudius had made a decree that all Jews should leave Rome  Paul stayed with them because they were both tent makers  Paul reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath and persuaded the Jews and Greeks","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 18:1-5","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6799,"EventTxt":"Here Paul with his own hand baptized the family of Stephanus    ICo      who were the first fruits of Achaia and who had dedicated themselves to the ministry of the saints    ICo","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6800,"EventTxt":"As Silas and Timothy came from Macedonia  the Jews withstood Paul s preaching of Christ with great zeal and blasphemed Paul  Paul shook his garments against them and turned to the Gentiles  He went into the house of one who was surnamed Justus  who worshipped God and lived near the synagogue   Ac","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6801,"EventTxt":"Chrispus the ruler of the synagogue  believed in the Lord with all his family and when many of the Corinthians heard the gospel  they believed and were baptized   Ac      Of these  Paul only baptized Chrispus and Gaius with his own hand    ICo","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6802,"EventTxt":"The Lord told Paul in a vision by night not to be afraid and to speak boldly  No one would harm him and the Lord had many people in that city  Paul stayed another eighteen months and taught the word of the Lord among them        along with Silvanus  or Silas  and Timothy    Co","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 18:9-1","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6803,"EventTxt":"After the return of Timothy from Macedonia  Paul with the same Timothy and Silvanus  or Silas  wrote the first epistle to the Thessalonians    ITh      He wrote some difficult things concerning the day of judgment as if it were now at hand    I   He wrote later another epistle to them where he more clearly expounded that matter    Th        This was written when he had Silvanus and Timothy as his companions in the ministry of the gospel  ITh      and after he had been with the Thessalonians and they had embraced the faith of Christ    Th      Grotius was extremely mistaken when he thought that it was written under Caius Caligula","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Th 1:1-5","BibBk1":"Th","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6804,"EventTxt":"The Parthians invaded Armenia after driving out Rhadamistus  who had often reigned as king there and often been ejected and had given up the struggle   Tacitus  Annals        c       When Vardanes  son revolted from Vologesus  the king of the Parthians  the Parthians abandoned Armenia as if they deferred the war   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4057,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4767,"Dating":"4057b AM, 4767 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6805,"EventTxt":"Claudius died on October  th   rd ides  when Asinius Marcellus  and Asinius Aviola were consuls   Seneca  in Ludi  de Mort  Claudii    Suetonius  Claudius  c        Dio              He had reigned thirteen years  eight months and twenty days     Dio               Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  In the middle of the same day  the gates of the palace were suddenly thrown open and Nero  the son in law and adopted son was declared emperor   Tacitus        c  ult","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6806,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of Nero s reign  Junius Silanus  the proconsul of Asia  was a noble man and descended from the Caesars  Nero was not involved in his murder and he had barely reached manhood  Julius was murdered through the treachery of his mother Agrippina  His officers were P  Celer  an equestrian of Rome and Aelius  a freedman  They had the charge of the prince s revenues in Asia  They poisoned the proconsul at a feast   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6807,"EventTxt":"The ambassadors of Armenia pleaded their cause before Nero  His mother wanted to come up into the seat of audience and sit with him  Everyone was stupefied  Seneca advised Nero to meet his mother and so under pretence of doing his duty  he prevented a scandal    Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6808,"EventTxt":"The report was brought to Rome that the Parthians had occupied Armenia  Nero ordered the youth of the neighbouring provinces to be mustered to supply the eastern legions  The legions were to be stationed near Armenia  The two old kings  Agrippa  of Judea  and Jocchus  or Antiochus  of Commagene  were to prepare their forces to invade Parthia and bridges were to be built over the Euphrates River  Nero gave Aristobulus the kingdom of Armenia the Less and Sohaemus was given the kingdom of Sophene  Both had royal status  He sent Domitius Corbulo to hold Armenia and allocated the forces of the east  Some should remain in the province of Syria with Quadratus its lieutenant  A similar number of citizens and allies should go with Corbulo with other cohorts and cavalry who had wintered in Cappadocia  Nero ordered the confederate kings to be ready for war if required   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6809,"EventTxt":"In the first year of Nero s empire  Azizus  the king of Emesea died and his brother succeeded him in the kingdom  Aristobulus  the son of Herod  the king of Chalcis received from Nero the kingdom of Armenia the Less  as previously mentioned from Tacitus  and Nero added four cities to the kingdom of Agrippa with all the land belonging to them  in Galilee  Tiberias and Tarichea  In Iturea beyond Jordan  Abila and Julias  He received the land that was inhabited with fourteen villages    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >    Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6810,"EventTxt":"Domitius Corbulo hurried quickly to Aegeae  a city of Cilicia and met Quadratus who went there on purpose lest if Corbulo had entered Syria to receive the forces  all men s eyes would have been on him  Both of them sent messengers to Vologeses  the king of the Parthians and asked him to choose peace and send hostages to secure it  He was to continue to respect the people of Rome as his ancestors had done  Either to buy time to better prepare for war or to remove all contenders for the throne  Vologeses turned over the most noble of the family of the Arsacidae  Quadratus sent the centurion Hostorius  or Histius  to receive them  When Corbulo knew this  he ordered Arrius Varus  the captain of the foot soldiers to go and receive the hostages  Thereupon there was a quarrel between the captain and the centurion  So as not to air their differences in front of strangers  both men let the hostages decide whom they wanted to go with  They selected the captain to escort them because Corbulo was famous even among Rome s enemies  Hence Corbulo and Quadratus had a falling out  Quadratus complained that he was robbed of the fruits of his negotations  Corbulo protested that the king never offered hostages until he had been chosen the general and the king was afraid of him  To settle the differences  Nero proclaimed this order that Quadratus and Corbulo  for their prosperous success should have their imperial fasces wreathed with laurel   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6811,"EventTxt":"At the beginning of Nero s reign  all Judea was filled with thieves and enchanters and seducers of the ignornant multitude  Every day Felix put to death as many as he took  Eleazar  the son of Dinas  had a great band of thieves about him  Felix persuaded him to come to him  giving him his word  that he should suffer no harm from him  When he came  Felix bound him and sent him to Rome   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6812,"EventTxt":"Felix could no longer tolerate Jonathan  the high priest  who so often and so freely admonished him concerning his government of the Jews  He persuaded Dora  a great friend of Jonathan s  by promising him a great sum of money  to kill Jonathan by some assassins  Some entered the city under the pretence of religious worship and had short swords hidden secretly under their garments  They mingled among his family and killed Jonathan  Since that murder was unpunished  this was an invitation to more licentiousness  Others came at every feast and hid their swords in the same way  They mixed with the crowd and freely killed some of their private enemies  Some were hired for money to murder both in the city and even in the temple   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6813,"EventTxt":"Thus was the city was infested with thieves  The deceivers and magicians enticed and drew multitudes into the deserts and promised them that they would show them signs and wonders done by the power of God  When the multitude was thus persuaded  they suffered the penalty for their folly  They were called back by Felix and put to death   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6814,"EventTxt":"At that time there was a certain Egyptian who called himself a prophet  He gathered      or   Ac      men and brought them from the wilderness to the Mount of Olives  He told them that from there they would see the walls of Jerusalem fall down by which way they might enter into the city  When Felix found out  he attacked this seduced multitude with his Roman cavalry and foot soldiers along with a large number of Jews  He killed   and took   prisoners alive  The rest of the multitude dispersed into their own countries  No one knew what became of the Egyptian  with a few that escaped from the fight   Josephus  Antiq        c     <c        >   Josephus  Wars        c     <c          Lysias the captain  mentioned him to Paul and  Ac      asked if Paul was not that Egyptian who before these days created an uproar and lead   men who were murderers into the desert","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6815,"EventTxt":"When Gallio was proconsul of Achaia  the Jews of Corinth brought Paul before his judgment seat  The Greeks took Sosthenes  the ruler of the synagogue and beat him  Gallio did not care about this","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 18:12-17","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6816,"EventTxt":"Gallio was the brother of L  Anneus Seneca   who together with Burrhus  commanded all things at Rome under his young student Nero   Gallio derided the deifying of Claudius who died from poisoning and it was claimed he was taken up to heaven by a litter  He said Claudius received pumpkinfication not deification   Dio             There is extant the book of Controversies  of Marcus Anneus Seneca  the father to the three sons  Novatus  Seneca and Melas  The second of these L  Seneca in his consolation to his mother  Helvia said  vv One of his brothers by his industry received honours  the other despised them","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6817,"EventTxt":"The first one referred to Novatus  who was adopted by Junius Gallio  who was banished by Tiberius  See note on   AM  fin  He was also called Gallio and was by the same Seneca called Lord  as being his older brother as Lipsius noted   Lipsius  Epistle      vv This was the saying of my Lord Gallio who began to have a fever in Achaia and immediately sailed away and cried that it was not the disease of the body but of the place","YearBCAD":54,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4058,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4768,"Dating":"4058a AM, 4768 JP, 54 AD"}
{"Index":6818,"EventTxt":"When Paul had stayed many days at Corinth  after the riot at Gallio s tribunal  he bid goodbye to the brethren and sailed from the port of Cenchrea for Syria  He arrived first at Ephesus and entered into a synagogue and reasoned with the Jews  When they wanted him to stay longer  he did not agree to it and said that he wanted to keep the feast at Jerusalem  He promised that he would return to them again  if God willed  After bidding them farewell  he left Aquila and Priscilla behind and sailed from Ephesus with the rest of his companions   Ac","YearBCAD":56,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4059,"JulPer":4769,"Dating":"4059 AM, 4769 JP, 56 AD"}
{"Index":6819,"EventTxt":"Paul landed at Caesarea  Stratonis  and went to greet the church at Jerusalem  He went down to Antioch   of Syria  and after he had stayed there for some time  he left and went over in order  all the regions of Galatia and Phrygia to confirm all the disciples   Ac        The Galatians received him as an angel of God or as Jesus Christ himself   Ga      Among other things  he arranged that the collections for the poor should be set apart every Lord s day    ICo","YearBCAD":56,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4059,"JulPer":4769,"Dating":"4059 AM, 4769 JP, 56 AD"}
{"Index":6820,"EventTxt":"After the three years which he had lived with Banus in the wilderness  Josephus  the son of Matthias returned to Jerusalem  He was now nineteen years old and he began to dabble with public affairs and followed the sect of the Pharisees which was the closest sect to the Greek Stoics   Josephus  Life  <   >","YearBCAD":56,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4059,"JulPer":4769,"Dating":"4059 AM, 4769 JP, 56 AD"}
{"Index":6821,"EventTxt":"A certain Jew named Apollos  was born at Alexandria and was an eloquent man and powerful in the scriptures  He came to Ephesus and was instructed in the way of the Lord and was fervent in the spirit  He spoke and taught diligently the things of the Lord and knew only of the baptism of John  He began to speak freely in the synagogue  Aquila and Priscilla heard him and they took him and expounded to him the way of the Lord more fully  When Apollos planned to go into Achaia  the brethren exhorted him and wrote to the disciples to receive him  When he came  he helped those who had believed  for with great zeal he convinced the Jews publicly  showing by the scriptures that Jesus was the Christ","YearBCAD":56,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 18:24-28","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4059,"JulPer":4769,"Dating":"4059 AM, 4769 JP, 56 AD"}
{"Index":6822,"EventTxt":"When Apollos was at Corinth  Paul passed through the upper coasts  that is  Galatia and Phrygia  and came to Ephesus  He found twelve disciples who only knew of the baptism of John and had not yet received the Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands  After Paul had further instructed them in the doctrine of Christ  he laid his hands on them the Holy Ghost came on them and they spoke with tongues and prophesied  Then he went into the synagogue and spoke freely  disputing and persuading the things concerning the kingdom of God","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 19:1-8","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6823,"EventTxt":"When some Jews were hardened and believed not  they spoke evil of the way of the Lord  Paul in the view of the multitude  departed from them and separated the disciples and daily disputed in the school of Tyrannus for two whole years  All who lived in Asia  both Jews and Greeks heard the word of the Lord Jesus  Paul performed many miracles so that handkerchiefs and aprons were brought from his body to the sick and they were healed and evil spirits went out of them","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 19:9-12","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6824,"EventTxt":"Asia accused P  Celer of his crimes  Caesar could not absolve him  so he delayed his trial  until Celer died from old age  Celer had killed Sylanus the proconsul  which masked other wickednesses  by the greatness of this villainy   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6825,"EventTxt":"The Cilicians accused Cossutianus Capita  as one besotted and defiled with all vices  He thought that he had the same authority to do wickedly in the province as he had exercised in the city of Rome  The prosecution was so determined that he abandoned his defence and was condemned of extortion   Tacitus  Annals        c      It was he whom  according to Lipsius  is referred to in Juvenal   Juvenal  Satire       How the senate s just thunder struck Suitor and Capita for making prize  As pirates of the Cilician merchandise","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6826,"EventTxt":"Quintilian mentioned   Quintilian        c      vv The accuser of Cossutianus seemed to us young men to speak bravely  it was in Greek  but to this sense  He was ashamed to be afraid of Caesar","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6827,"EventTxt":"His great intrigues prevailed so much for Epirus Marcellus  of whom the Lycians demanded restitution  that some of the accusors were banished  as though they had endangered an innocent man   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":57,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4060,"JulPer":4770,"Dating":"4060 AM, 4770 JP, 57 AD"}
{"Index":6828,"EventTxt":"The war about who would control Armenia which started coolly enough between the Romans and Parthians  was now hotly pursued  Vologeses would not allow his brother Tiridates to be removed from that kingdom that he had given him or let him accept it as the gift from another  Corbulo thought it worthy of the greatness of the people of Rome to recover what was in former time captured by Lucullus and Pompey  Corbulo prepared his army for this war in the old manner after the old severity and discipline of the Romans  He entered Armenia and destroyed some citadels and burnt Artaxata  Tiridates did not dare to give him battle   Tacitus        c","YearBCAD":58,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4061,"JulPer":4771,"Dating":"4061 AM, 4771 JP, 58 AD"}
{"Index":6829,"EventTxt":"Seven exorcists of the Jews  the sons of Sceva a chief priest  called those over who had unclean spirits  They tried to cast out the unclean spirit in the name of the Lord Jesus whom Paul preached  However the man who had the unclean spirit  leaped on them and forced them to flee the house wounded and naked  When it was known both to the Jews and Greeks who lived at Ephesus  they were all afraid and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified  Many who believed  came and confessed and showed their deeds  Many of those who used curious arts  brought their books together and burned them before all men  These books were valued at     pieces of silver  So mightily the word grew and prevailed","YearBCAD":58,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 19:13-20","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4061,"JulPer":4771,"Dating":"4061 AM, 4771 JP, 58 AD"}
{"Index":6830,"EventTxt":"Immediately after Paul left them  the Galatians  Ac      were seduced by false brethren and thought that they were to be justified by the works of the law  Paul sent a strongly worded letter to them to correct this error   Ga","YearBCAD":58,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4061,"JulPer":4771,"Dating":"4061 AM, 4771 JP, 58 AD"}
{"Index":6831,"EventTxt":"Paul planned to go to Jerusalem after he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia  He said that after he had been to Jerusalem he wanted to go to Rome as well   Ac       First he thought he would go to Corinth  and from there to Macedonia and return again to Corinth  From there he would travel to Judea     Co        to take the collections for the poor saints at Jerusalem  From there  he planned to go to Rome and then to Spain","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ro 15:24-28","BibBk1":"Ro","AnnoMund":4062,"JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4062 AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6832,"EventTxt":"While Paul thought about this  he sent Timothy and Erastus to Macedonia but he remained in Asia for a while   Ac      He likely was in Lydia where he seemed to have preached the gospel to the cities which were near Ephesus for nine months  He spent two years teaching in the school of Tyrannus and three months teaching in the synagogue of Ephesus  Therefore he spent three years labouring in Asia        He said a great door was opened for him although there were many adversaries    ICo","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 20:15-31","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4062,"JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4062 AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6833,"EventTxt":"On the last day of April in Campania when Vipsanius and Fonteius were consuls  there was an eclipse between one and two p m  Corbulo  the general who was in Armenia  wrote that it was seen between four and five p m    Pliny        c          At Rome  this eclipse was seen in the middle of their sacrifices that were made by the decree of the senate  for the cause of Agrippina that was killed by her son  It was so dark the stars were seen     Dio               Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4062,"JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4062 AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6834,"EventTxt":"People from the family of Chloe told Paul there was a schism in the church of Corinth  Some said they followed Paul  some Apollos  some Cephas and some Christ    ICo              Apollos with some other brethren went from Corinth to Paul in Asia   ICo      by whom the Corinthians wrote to Paul and asked his advice about the matter of marriage and the single life   ICo","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6835,"EventTxt":"Paul together with Sosthenes  the ruler of the synagogue at Corinth  who was converted to Christ  wrote the first letter to the Corinthians from Lydia   Timothy was absent   ICo     Ac      from Asia  He sent it by Stephanas  Fortunatus  and Achaicus  who were sent from Corinth to visit the apostle  Apollos did not wish to return at that time to the Corinthians    ICo","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6836,"EventTxt":"In this letter  Paul ordered the incestuous Corinthian who had married his father s wife  to be delivered to Satan    ICo    He also corrected other errors that had crept into the church  He corrected errors in conduct and refuted the error of the Sadducees who said there was no resurrection    ICo    He told them that when he arrived  he would set the rest of the church in order    ICo             He would pass through Macedonia  However  he planned to stay at Ephesus until Pentecost   I   unless something came up that changed his plans","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Co 16:5-8","BibBk1":"Co","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6837,"EventTxt":"Demetrius a silversmith who made silver shrines for Diana  feared that he would lose his livelihood  He convened all the workmen of the same craft and raised an uproar against Paul  He claimed that Paul had persuaded the Ephesians and almost all of Asia that they were not gods which were made by men  They laid hold on Gaius and Aristarchus who were from Macedonia and were Paul s travelling companions and rushed into the theatre  When Paul wanted to go there  some of the disciples and some of the chief men of Asia  who provided for the plays shown in the theatre  and his friends would not allow Paul to go to the people  When Alexander the Jew would have made his defence to the people  there was a great cry among the people almost for two hours  Great is Diana of the Ephesians  At length the tumult was settled by the wisdom of the town clerk  Paul called the brethren together and took his leave and departed for Macedonia","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 19:24-41","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6838,"EventTxt":"Aquila and Priscilla left Ephesus and returned to Rome after they had risked their lives to save Paul   Ro       ICo      The Jews everywhere returned to Rome since the edict of Claudius for their expulsion  expired after his death","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 28:17-21","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6839,"EventTxt":"Paul went from Ephesus to Troas  Although he had opportunities to preach the gospel  he was troubled because he did not find Titus there  whom he had sent to the Corinthians with another brother   Paul sailed from there into Macedonia and   Co            when he arrived  he earnestly exhorted the brethren   Ac","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6840,"EventTxt":"Paul s afflictions continued  People opposed him and he was fearful  He was comforted by the arrival of Titus who told him the good news about the Corinthian church        Paul used the Corinthians as an example to stir up the Macedonians to provide collections to be sent to Jerusalem  He said that Achaia was ready for this a year ago","YearBCAD":59,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Co 2:5-16\", \"Co 8:1-5\")","BibBk1":"Co","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4772,"Dating":"4063a AM, 4772 JP, 59 AD"}
{"Index":6841,"EventTxt":"When Titus told Paul how well his first letter was received by the Corinthians  he sent another letter with Timothy to the Corinthians  He told of the great afflictions that he had suffered in Asia by Demetrius  He stated he did not come to them as he had intended to do in order to spare them    Co            He desired that they would pardon the incestuous Corinthian upon his repentance          Paul sent Titus to them again along with another brother whose praise was in the gospel throughout all the churches   This man was thought to be Luke   They were to prepare them to have their collections ready to be sent to Jerusalem by the time Paul arrived","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"c(\"Co 6:5-1\", \"Co 8:16-19\")","BibBk1":"Co","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6842,"EventTxt":"Paul went from Macedonia into Greece and stayed there three months   Ac        During that time  he went to Corinth and received the collections in Achaia for the relief of the believers at Jerusalem    I   Co","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Co 16:3-5","BibBk1":"Co","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6843,"EventTxt":"The famous letter to the Romans was written from Corinth at this time as Origen confirmed by many reasons in his preface to the exposition of that epistle  It was dictated by Paul and written by Tertius and sent by Phebe  a servant of the church of Cenchrea near Corinth   Ro      This was at the time Paul was about to take his journey to Jerusalem with the collections from Macedonia and Achaia   Ro","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6844,"EventTxt":"When Paul planned to go directly from there to Syria to carry the collections to Jerusalem  the Jews planned to ambush him  Thereupon  he thought it best to return to Macedonia from where he came  From there he would pass into Asia   Ac","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6845,"EventTxt":"Paul sent ahead his travelling companions from Philippi in Macedonia to Asia  Sopater or Sosipater   Ro      of Berea  Aristarchus and Secundus of Thessalonica  Gaius of Derbe and Timothy with Tychicus and Trophimus of Asia were to wait for him at Troas  He  Luke and the rest sailed from Philippi after the days of unleavened bread and arrived at Troas in five days  They stayed there seven days","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 20:4-6","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6846,"EventTxt":"On the eighth day which was the first of the week  the disciples assembled together to break bread  Paul preached to them since he was leaving the next day  He continued to midnight and restored to life Eutychus  a young man who fell down from the third loft in the room where they were gathered together","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 20:7-12","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6847,"EventTxt":"From here Paul travelled on foot to Assos where Luke and his other companions sailed to  They took him in and they sailed to Mitylene  After they left there  the next day they sailed opposite Chios  The following day they arrived at Samos  They stayed at Trogyllium and the next day they came to Miletus","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 20:13-15","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6848,"EventTxt":"Paul hurried to be at Jerusalem by the time of the feast of Pentecost  Therefore to save time  he bypassed Ephesus and sent messengers from Miletus to Ephesus to summon the elders of the church to meet him  He delivered a most grave speech to them and warned them of their duty and seriously exhorted them to do it  He kneeled and prayed with them  They all wept especially because Paul thought he would never see them again","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 20:16-38","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6849,"EventTxt":"After they had launched from Troas  they sailed straight for Cos  The next day they came to Rhodes and from there to Patara  They took a ship which sailed for Phoenicia  They sailed north of Cyprus and arrived at Tyre","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 21:1-3","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6850,"EventTxt":"They stayed with some disciples for seven days  They warned Paul by the Spirit that he should not go up to Jerusalem  However  he kneeled down on the shore and prayed with them  He sailed from Tyre to Ptolemais and there stayed many days with Philip the evangelist  He was one of the seven deacons  Ac      and had four daughters who were virgins and prophesied  He was met by Agabus  a prophet from Judea who bound his own hands and feet and foretold about the bonds that waited for him  When Paul could not be persuaded by the brethren that he should not go to such a dangerous place  he went to Jerusalem  The disciples accompanied him from Caesarea and brought Mnason of Cyprus with them  He was an old disciple with whom Paul would stay","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 21:4-16","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6851,"EventTxt":"They were most gladly received by the church  James and all the elders of Jerusalem advised Paul to remove the stigma that was on him  It was alleged that he taught the Jewish converts to Christianity to forsake the law of Moses  Paul went with four men who were believing Jews and had made the vow of the Nazarite  He purified himself with them according to the command of the law  This was of no avail  When some of the unbelieving and rebellious Jews of Asia   who came to Jerusalem to the feast  saw him in the temple  they made a great clamour and noise and stirred up the people about Paul s alleged crime  They said that Paul had brought Trophimus  a Gentile of Ephesus into the temple and had profaned the temple  When they were about to kill him  Claudius Lysias  who was the chief captain came with a band of men and took Paul away to the safety of the citadel  The chief captain allowed him to speak in Hebrew to the people","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 21:17-40","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6852,"EventTxt":"The Jews were enraged and more vehemently cried out against him because of his speech and the chief captain ordered him to be examined by scourging  He was spared this punishment because he was a Roman citizen  The chief captain wanted to know what crime the Jews accused him of  The next day he ordered the chief priests and all their council to come together and set Paul before them and released him from his bonds   Ac","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6853,"EventTxt":"As Paul was beginning to plead his cause before the council  Ananias ordered him to be struck on the mouth  He was the high priest  the son of Nebidius  who  although he was removed from the high priesthood  yet seemed to be president of the council  This was similar to what happened before him with Annas or Ananus who was the father in law of Caiaphas   Therefore Paul severely rebuked him and called him a whited wall  Then Paul proclaimed openly that he was a Pharisee and that he was called into question because of the hope of the resurrection  Then there arose a dissension between the Sadducees who accused him and the Pharisees who excused him  The chief captain feared lest he should be torn in pieces by them as they were fighting  He took Paul from among them with his soldiers and brought him into the citadel  The Lord appeared the next night to Paul and comforted him since he was sad  The Lord encouraged Paul and told him that he must witness in Rome also","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 23:1-11","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6854,"EventTxt":"When it was day  more than forty of the zealous Jews bound themselves under a curse  that they would neither eat nor drink until they had killed Paul in an ambush  Paul s sister s son told the chief captain about the plot  In the third hour of the night  he sent Paul with a guard of soldiers to Felix  the governor of the province  Felix took Paul in the night to Antipatris and the next day to Caesarea  He was ordered by Felix to be kept in Herod s judgment hall   Ac         All these things happened within one week as may be understood when  Ac       and  Ac       are compared together","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6855,"EventTxt":"Five days later Paul was accused before the governor of Caesarea by Ananias and the elders through Tertullus an orator  Paul cleared himself of their false accusations  This was twelve days after he was attacked in the temple  When Felix who had governed the Jews many years   for this was now the tenth year of his government   heard them  he deferred his sentence to another time  He ordered a centurion that Paul should be kept and to be allowed to have his freedom  All his visitors could come and minister to him","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 24:1-23","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6856,"EventTxt":"Some days later Felix came with his wife Drusilla who was a Jew   the sister of King Agrippa   There was another Drusilla besides the one who was the wife of Felix  She was the daughter of Juba  the king of Mauritania  the niece of Antony and Cleopatra  Felix called for Paul and heard him  He trembled as he heard Paul reason about faith in Christ  righteousness  temperance and the judgment to come  He spoke more often with Paul and hoped that he would redeem himself with money  He had him in bonds for two whole years","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 24:24-27","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6857,"EventTxt":"Tigranocerta surrendered to Corbulo who also subdued all of Armenia   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6858,"EventTxt":"Tigranes  the son of Alexander  the son of that Alexander who was executed by his father  Herod the Great  and of Glaphira  the daughter of Archelaus the King of Cappadocia  were kept hostages at Rome for a long time  He was sent by Nero to take the kingdom of Armenia and was not received there by a general consent  Some still loved the family of the Arsacida and the Persians  However  most hated the arrogance of the Parthians and desired a king to be given to them from Rome  He was given a guard of a thousand legionary soldiers  three bands of allies and two wings of cavalry  This was to help him defend more easily his new kingdom  The frontier zones of Armenia that bordered the neighbouring kings  Pharasmanes of Iberia  Polemon II of Pontus  Aristobulus of Armenia the Less  and Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Commagene   were allocated to them to defend the new king   Tacitus  Annals        c       Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6859,"EventTxt":"Corbulo went into Syria to be the governor because Ventidius  Numidius  Quadratus  who was the lieutenant  there had died and it was committed to Corbulo s charge   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6860,"EventTxt":"In the same year Laodicea  one of the most famous cities of Asia  was destroyed by an earthquake  They rebuilt the city themselves using their own wealth   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":60,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4063,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4773,"Dating":"4063b AM, 4773 JP, 60 AD"}
{"Index":6861,"EventTxt":"Tarquitius Priscus was condemned for extortion  at the suite of the Bithynians  The senate remembered that he had once accused his proconsul Titus Statilius Taurus  II  and was delighted   Tacitus  Annals        c           c","YearBCAD":61,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4064,"JulPer":4774,"Dating":"4064 AM, 4774 JP, 61 AD"}
{"Index":6862,"EventTxt":"There arose a contention at Caesarea between the Jews and the Syrians about the equal right of privileges in the city  The Jews who were rich reproached the poor Syrians  Although the Syrians were poorer  they thought they were better because many of them who had served the Romans in the wars in those places  were natives of Caesarea and Sebaste  Hence they thought they were as good as the Jews  Later they began to throw stones at one another so that many were killed and hurt on both sides  However  the Jews won the victory  When Felix required the Jews to stop this mini war  they refused  He sent soldiers among them who killed many of them and took many prisoners  He also allowed his soldiers to plunder many of the rich houses  The more honourable and modest Jews feared they would suffer next  They begged Felix that he would call off his soldiers and spare what was left  They repented and asked Felix s pardon which he granted    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":61,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4064,"JulPer":4774,"Dating":"4064 AM, 4774 JP, 61 AD"}
{"Index":6863,"EventTxt":"At the same time  King Agrippa conferred the high priesthood on Israel  the son of Phabius  There arose also a dispute between the chief priests and the rest of the priests and rulers of Jerusalem  They each were guarded with a company of most bold and seditious men who decided their arguments with reproachful language and by throwing stones  No one curbed them since the city had no magistrates  The impudence of the high priest grew to such an height that they dared to send their servants to the very grain floors to take away the tithes that were due to the priests  Many poor priests died from lack of food  So much did the violence of the seditious men prevail over justice   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":61,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4064,"JulPer":4774,"Dating":"4064 AM, 4774 JP, 61 AD"}
{"Index":6864,"EventTxt":"Mark the evangelist who first preached Christ at Alexandria  died in the  th year of Nero and was buried at Alexandria   Jerome  Scriptor  Ecclesiastical Catalogue  The elders of Alexandria chose one from among themselves whom they placed in a higher position and called him a bishop  They followed the pattern like an army choosing a general  Likewise would deacons choose one among themselves to be the archdeacon whom they knew to be most industrious   Jerome  Scriptor  Ecclesiastical Catalogue  Epist     ad Euagrium  They chose Anianus who was a man dear to God for his piety and admirable in all things  He was the first bishop of the church of Alexandria after Mark and was there twelve years  from the eighth year of Nero to the fourth year of Domitian   Jerome  Scriptor  Ecclesiastical Catalogue   Eusebius  in Chronicles    Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     <   >       c     <   >","YearBCAD":61,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4774,"Dating":"4065a AM, 4774 JP, 61 AD"}
{"Index":6865,"EventTxt":"Vologeses the king of the Parthians  tried to restore his brother Tiridates who was driven out of Armenia  He sent one army into Armenia and another into Syria  Corbulo sent part of his army to Tigranes  the king of Armenia while he drove the Parthians from Syria and threatened to invade the Parthians  They stopped their war and sent ambassadors to sue for peace  Nero dismissed them without granting their request  Caesennius Paetus was made the general for the defence of Armenia   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6866,"EventTxt":"Vologeses the king of the Parthians  tried to restore his brother Tiridates who was driven out of Armenia  He sent one army into Armenia and another into Syria  Corbulo sent part of his army to Tigranes  the king of Armenia while he drove the Parthians from Syria and threatened to invade the Parthians  They stopped their war and sent ambassadors to sue for peace  Nero dismissed them without granting their request  Caesennius Paetus was made the general for the defence of Armenia   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6867,"EventTxt":"When Felix saw the sedition between the Jews and Syrians of Caesarea still going on  he sent some of the nobility of both sides as ambassadors to Nero to argue their cause before him    Josephus  Wars        c     <c          He also sent some priests as prisoners to Rome for a very minor fault  They were good and honest men and were to plead their own cause before Nero   Josephus  Life  <   >  He also left Paul the apostle  whom he had kept prisoner two whole years at Caesarea  as a favour to the Jews  Paul was still a prisoner there  when he had received Portius Festus from Nero as his successor in the province   Ac","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6868,"EventTxt":"Three days after Festus came into the province  he went up from Caesarea to Jerusalem  The high priest and the rulers of the Jews accused Paul and desired that he might be brought from Caesarea to Jerusalem  They planned to ambush and kill him on the way  When Festus refused  he ordered Paul s accusers to come to Caesarea  He spent about ten more days in Jerusalem and then returned down to Caesarea  The next day he sat in his tribunal and heard the Jews accusing Paul and Paul clearing himself of their accusations  Festus wanted to please the Jews and asked Paul if he would be judged at Jerusalem before him of that matter which he was accused of  Paul knew with what intent and by whose advice he asked that question and feared some treachery from the Jews  He refused to go there and appealed to Caesar  After Festus had conferred with his council  he agreed to send Paul to Caesar","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 25:1-12","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6869,"EventTxt":"After some days  Agrippa the king and Bernice  his sister  came to Caesarea  to greet the new governor  They stayed there many days  Festus did not know what to write to Caesar about Paul and consulted with Agrippa about that matter  Agrippa said he would be willing to hear him himself  The next day  Agrippa and Bernice with much pomp came into the place of the hearing along with the captains and the principal men of the city  Festus summoned Paul to be brought out bound in chains to them       Paul made an eloquent speech and showed that he was innocent  The governor who was ignorant of these things  thought he was mad  However  the king  who was well versed in the scriptures  stated that Paul had almost persuaded him to be a Christian  The whole council decided that this man had done nothing worthy of death or bonds and that moreover he might have been set at liberty if he had not appealed to Caesar  Ac","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 25:13-27","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6870,"EventTxt":"The rulers of the Jews who lived at Caesarea  went to Rome to accuse Felix  He would have suffered punishment for the wrongs he had done the Jews  unless Nero had pardoned him by the intreaties of his brother Pallas  who was in great favour at that time with Nero   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  Later Pallas was poisoned by Nero that year because he kept from Nero an huge sum of money by living so long   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6871,"EventTxt":"Two principal men of the Syrians from Caesarea bribed Beryllus with a large sum of money  He had been Nero s school teacher but was then his secretary for the Greek language  He was to get the emperor s letters patents  by which the Jews might be deprived of all authority in the city  They presently shared this authority with the Syrians  This he easily accomplished  When the Jews of Caesarea knew what had happened  they continued in their seditions even to the beginning of the wars of the Jews which had their seeds in this sedition    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6872,"EventTxt":"When Festus came into Judea  he found it most grievously afflicted with thieves  everywhere who plundered the villages  The most cruel of the thieves were called cut throats and they were very numerous  The carried a short crooked sword like the Persian scimitar  They thrusted themselves into the crowd of people that came to Jerusalem to celebrate the feast days as God had commanded  They could easily kill as many as they pleased  They also attacked the villages of their enemies and after they had plundered them  they burnt them   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  Festus pursued and captured many of them and executed a great number of thieves   Josephus  Wars        c       <c        >","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6873,"EventTxt":"When it was decreed that Paul would be sent to Caesar  he was turned over to Julius  a centurion of Augustus  band along with some other prisoners  Julius put him onto a ship of Adramyttium that was to sail to Asia  Aristarchus of Macedonia  besides Timothy and Luke accompanied Paul  The next day they landed at Sidon where Julius courteously entreated Paul and allowed him to go visit his friends and to refresh himself  They sailed past Cyprus because the winds were contrary  When they had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia  they came to Myra  a city of Lycia  When the senturion had found a ship whose sign was Castor and Pollex which was bound for Italy  he put the captives on her  When they had sailed slowly many days  they barely past opposite Cnidus  They sailed south of Crete opposite Salmone  They barely passed by it and they came to Fair Havens in the isle of Crete","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 27:1-8","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4065,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4065b AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6874,"EventTxt":"After the Jewish feast in the seventh month of the day of atonement was past  sailing was dangerous  Paul foresaw the danger to come and advised them to winter there  When that port seemed unsuitable to winter in  they planned to winter in another port of Crete called Phenice  At first when they sailed  they had a favourable south wind  A little latter there arose a tempestuous wind called Euroclydon  by which they were carried to the little island of Clauda  Since they were caught and tossed about by the violent storm  they lightened the ship  On the third day they cast out the tackling of the ship with their own hands  They did not see the sun nor stars for many days  When all hope of safety was gone  an angel told Paul in the night that he must be brought before Caesar and that God had given him all that sailed with him in the ship  On the fourteenth day as they were driven up and down in Adria  the sailors thought that they were near some country which they learned later was the island Melita  As they tried to head there  the ship was broken by the violence of the storm  All on board made it safely to land  Some swam and others floated in on the some planks and boards from the ship","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 27:9-44","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4066a AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6875,"EventTxt":"Caesennius Paetus had not sufficiently fortified his winter camps nor made provision for grain  He quickly marched over the Taurus Mountains and took a few citadels with some prey  He made long marches and overran places which he could not hold  When the provisions which he had taken had spoiled  he returned back and wrote letters to Caesar in exalted words as though the war had been finished  However  this was far from the truth   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4066a AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6876,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  Corbulo took special care to fortify the bank of the Euphrates River with more garrisons and to frighten Vologeses from entering into Syria  Therefore  Vologeses turned against Paetus and attacked him so severely that he forced him to a dishonourable peace which was witnessed by Monobazus  King of Adiabene  The fortresses which Corbulo had built on the other side of the Euphrates River were demolished  and the Armenians were left to decide their own future  At Rome  trophies and triumphal arches were set up in the middle of the Capitoline Hill for honour of the victory over the Parthians  The senate decreed this  However  the war resumed again and all this was done only for show and not out of respect of what actually happened   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":62,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4775,"Dating":"4066a AM, 4775 JP, 62 AD"}
{"Index":6877,"EventTxt":"Paul and his companions were highly honoured by the inhabitants of Melita and had all their needs supplied  After staying there three months  they went in a ship from Alexandria which had wintered in the island and came to Syracuse  They stayed there three days and sailed to Rhegium  Within one day the south wind blew and the next day they came to Puteoli where they found brethren who desired that they would stay with them seven days  So they went toward Rome      in the ninth year of Nero s reign","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 28:10-14","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6878,"EventTxt":"The brethren left Rome to meet Paul while he was as far away as Appii Forum and the Three Taverns  When they came to Rome  the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard  Paul was allowed to live by himself with a soldier who guarded him  After three days  he called together the chief of the Jews who were at Rome and told them the reason why he was sent as a prisoner to Rome and that he was compelled to appeal to Caesar  They denied that they had received any letters from Judea concerning him and said that they had only heard that this heresy was everywhere spoken against  When they had appointed a day  they came to him to his lodging  Paul expounded Christ from the law and the prophets from morning to evening  Some assented to the things that were spoken and other did not believe  Paul pronounced their judgment from Isaiah and they left him  After that  Paul turned to the Gentiles  He remained in his own hired house for two whole years and received all who came to him  He preached the kingdom of God and taught those things that concerned the Lord Jesus Christ and no man forbade him","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 28:14-31","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6879,"EventTxt":"Onesiphorus very diligently sought out Paul at Rome and found him and encouraged him    Ti","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6880,"EventTxt":"In the beginning of the spring  the ambassadors of the Parthians brought to Rome the messages and letters of King Vologeses  They desired that Armenia  which they had already taken  might be given to them and that a peace might be confirmed  Both these things were denied and the government of Syria was committed to Cintius  as governor  while Corbulo managed the war  The fifteenth legion was brought from Pannonia by Marius Celsus  Also the tetrarchs  kings  prefects and governors  and those who ruled in the neighbouring provinces were ordered to obey Corbulo as supreme commander  He received the same authority that Pompey had in fighting the pirate war  Paetus was back at Rome and feared the worst  Nero thought it enough to scoff at him and said that he would immediately pardon him lest he became sick with the fear of uncertainty over Nero s actions   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6881,"EventTxt":"After Corbulo had mustered his army  he went into Armenia where the ambassadors of Vologeses met him and desired peace  Tiridates was compelled to come into the Roman camp  He took off his crown and laid it at Caesar s image and agreed to go to Rome to Nero to take it from him again  His only condition was that he might first go visit his family and friends  In the meantime  he left his daughter as hostage and sent supplicatory letters to Nero  As he went away  he found Pacorus with the Medes and Vologeses at Ecbatana   Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6882,"EventTxt":"In Judea  Festus sent foot soldiers and cavalry against a certain impostor  a magician  who drew men after him into the wilderness  They were deceived by his promises that they should be freed from all their misfortunes  The soldiers killed the seducer and his followers    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6883,"EventTxt":"At the same time  King Agrippa built a stately house near the porch in the palace of Jerusalem  In previous times  this site belonged to the Asmoneans and was located on an high place where one could get a good view of all Jerusalem  The chief men of Jerusalem were not pleased that the sacrifices and all the things which were done in the temple could easily be seen from a private house  They built an high wall which blocked the king s view of the city as well as the western porch in the outer court of the temple where the Roman soldiers guarded on the feast days for the safe keeping of the temple  Both the king and Festus  the governor of the province  were offended by this and ordered it to be pulled down  However  ten chief men  by his permission  were sent as ambassadors to Nero about this matter along with Ishmael the high priest and Helcias  the keeper of the holy treasure  After Nero heard their embassy  he forgave the Jews and allowed the wall to remain  This was as a favour to his wife  Poppea  who favoured the Jew s religion  and became their intercessor to Nero for them  She allowed the ten men to return but kept Ishmael and Helcias as hostages with her  When Agrippa knew this  he took away the high priesthood from Ishmael and gave it to Joseph surnamed Cabi  the son of Simon  who formerly had been an high priest   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6884,"EventTxt":"Josephus  the son of Matthias  heard that some priests who had been his close friends were sent as prisoners to Rome by Felix  In this unfortunate circumstance  they still obeyed their religion and lived only on figs and nuts  He went to Rome at age   to see if he could free them  He had a perilous sea voyage  Their ship sank in the middle of the Adriatic Sea  Of the   who swam all night  about   who swam were more fortunate and were saved and picked up by a ship from Cyrene  Among these was Josephus  After he was set ashore  he came to Dicearchia   or Puteoli  as the Italians called it  where he became acquainted with Aliturus who was a Jewish actor and much liked by Nero  Through him  he was introduced to Poppea the empress and by her means immediately had those priests freed   Josephus  Life  <   >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6885,"EventTxt":"After Festus died in the province  Nero sent Albinus to be his successor in Judea  King Agrippa took away the high priesthood from Joseph and gave it to Ananas  the son of Annas or that Ananus who formerly had the high priesthood a long time earlier  He had five sons who had also been high priests which had never happened to any of the high priests before   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6886,"EventTxt":"Ananus  the new high priest was of the sect of the Sadducees  He was a bold and heady man and thought it was a good time to convene the sanhedrin of judges since Festus was dead and Albinus the new governor had not yet arrived  They brought James the brother of Jesus before them who was accused of transgressing the law  James was condemned and stoned   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  At the time of the passover  James was thrown down from a pinnacle of the temple and stoned  One of them who was a fuller  killed James by hitting him on the head with the bar he used to press clothes  Eusebius related this from the fifth book of the history of Hegesippus   Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     <     >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6887,"EventTxt":"The murder of James much displeased all the good men and those who kept the law  Thereupon they sent a messenger secretly to King Agrippa and desired from him that he would order Ananus to stop such deeds  Some also met Abinus as he came from the city of Alexandria and informed him that Ananus had no power to call a council without his permission  He was persuaded by their words and wrote a sharp letter to Ananus and threatened to punish him  For the same reason Agrippa took the high priesthood from him when he had only held it for three months and gave it to Jesus  the son of Dammaeus   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  After the death of James  Simon the son of Cleophas was appointed the bishop of the church of Jerusalem   Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     <   >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6888,"EventTxt":"As soon as Albinus came to Jerusalem  he diligently tried to restore order by executing all the thieves  Ananus  the high priest  the son of Nebedeus  increased every day more and more in the love and esteem of the people and he was honoured by all men for his generosity  Albinus daily honoured the high priest for his gifts he sent to him  Ananias had some very wicked servants who attracted a company of headstrong men  They went from farm to farm and took away the priests  tithe and beat those who refused to give it  Some of the priests also did the same for there was no one able to restrain them  Many of the priests who lived on those tithes  perished from hunger   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c          >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6889,"EventTxt":"At the feast of Pentecost  the thieves entered Jerusalem at night and captured the scribe Eleazar who was the son of Ananias the high priest  They held him hostage then sent to Ananias to have Albinus to free ten of the thieves  Then they would free the scribe  Ananias was forced to obtain this request from Albinus  This was the beginning of greater calamities for the thieves always found some trick to intercept some of Ananias  family whom they would never free until they had freed some of their own men  Therefore they increased in boldness and number and plundered the whole country   Josephus  Annals        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6890,"EventTxt":"At this time King Agrippa enlarged the walls of Caesarea Philippi and changed its name to Neronias in honour of Nero  He built at Berytus a theatre at great expense and annually held games which cost him large amounts of money  He also gave to the people of Berytus grain and oil  He decorated that city with statues in various places and with original images made many years ago  He transferred almost all that was ornamental in his kingdom to that city  Hence his own subjects began to hate him because he stripped them of their ornaments to adorn a foreign city   Josephus  Annals        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4066,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4066b AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6891,"EventTxt":"Four years before the Jewish war   that was prosecuted by Vespasian  when the city of Jerusalem enjoyed both peace and plenty  Jesus the son of Ananus  a country man and one of the common people arrived at the feast of tabernacles and began suddenly to cry out  VV A voice from the east  a voice from the west  a voice from the four winds  a voice against Jerusalem and the temple  a voice against newly married men and women  a voice against all this people","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4067a AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6892,"EventTxt":"He cried like this night and day and he went through all the streets of the city  Some of the nobility ignored any sign of the coming trouble and took the fellow and scourged him with many stripes  However  he spoke nothing secretly for himself nor to them that scourged him but continued still in the same cry  The rulers thought it rather to be some message in him from God and brought him to the Roman procurator  He was beaten until his bones appeared yet he never made an intreaty nor shed a tear but as well as he could compose a weeping voice  at every stroke  he replied  vv Woe  woe  to Jerusalem","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4067a AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6893,"EventTxt":"Albinus then asked them who he was  where he was born and why he still cried after this manner  He answered nothing and did not cease to bewail the city  until Albinus thought he was mad and allowed him to leave  He cried like this most on the feast days and for seven year s time  or rather six  as it is in  Phor   Biblioth  c      and five months and yet he was never hoarse nor weary  Finally  he was killed by a stone shot from an engine in the time of the siege   Josephus  Wars        c     <      c       >","YearBCAD":63,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4776,"Dating":"4067a AM, 4776 JP, 63 AD"}
{"Index":6894,"EventTxt":"At the command of King Agrippa  Jesus  the son of Gamaliel succeeded in the high priesthood  Jesus the son of Damneus who very unwillingly yielded it up  Thereupon there arose a discord between them  They both had followers of resolute young fellows  They started arguing  then throwing stones  Since Ananias was the richest  he got most of them on his side through his money  Costabarus and Saul each got a band of rascals  These were of the royal blood and received special favours because they were closely related to King Agrippa  However  they were violent and as eager as any to exploit anyone weaker than themselves   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6895,"EventTxt":"From this time the civil state of the Jews degenerated daily   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  The seeds of the future destruction were then sown through number of leaders that led these bands   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6896,"EventTxt":"Albinus  the governor  robbed private citizens of their goods in the name of justice and greatly burdened the whole country with heavy taxes  He freed for a price those thieves whom the soldiers of the city had captured and those whom the former governors had left in prison  Those who could not afford to bribe him  remained in prison as most heinous offenders   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6897,"EventTxt":"At the same time also  the insolence increased of those who wanted a revolution in Jerusalem  Those who were rich  bribed Albinus to overlook their seditious actions  Those who delighted in disturbances allied themselves with Albinus  side  Each of them had a troop of rascals and Albinus himself was over them all as a tyrant and a prince of the thieves  He used the help of his guard to rob the quieter sort  So it was that those whose houses were ransacked held their peace and those who escaped were glad to flatter those whom they knew deserved death lest they should suffer the same things    Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6898,"EventTxt":"When Rome was on fire  Nero saw it burn from Mecena s Tower and was very delighted with the beauty of the flames  He sang of the destruction of Troy in his actor s clothes and compared the present evil to the old ruins   Tacitus  Annals        c         Suetonius  Nero  c       Xiphiline in Dio             Some noted that this fire began on July  th    th calends   on which the Senonian Gauls set the city on fire after they had taken it  Others went so far in their curiosity that they calculated the very days and months that were between the two burnings   Tacitus  Annals        c      They said there were   years    months and   days between the two fires","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6899,"EventTxt":"To quell the rumour that he started the fire  Nero falsely accused and punished most grievously with exquisite torments those who were called Christians  Those who confessed to being Christians  were the first to be apprehended  Based on the information of these  an huge multitude were convicted  They were hated no so much for being alleged to have set the city on fire as for the general hatred of all men against them  These suffered and died most cruelly  Some were covered with beasts  skins to be torn with dogs  Some were crucified and some burned  When it was night  their bodies were turned into torches to give light by night  Nero made his garden fit for that spectacle and held shows in the circus  He mingled among the common people in the clothes of a charioteer or stood in a ring  They were pitied since they suffered not for any common good but to satisfy one man s cruelty   Tacitus  Annals        c       The words of an old scholiast are mentioned as commenting on Juvenal s writings   Juvenal  Satyr     Thou shalt be made a torch by night to shine And burn impaled  name thou but Tigilline  vv If you touch Tigillinus  you shall be burnt alive as it was in the shows of Nero of whom he commanded torches to be made that they might give light to the spectators  They were fastened through their throat that they might not bend themselves  Nero clothed malefactors with pitch  paper and wax and so set them on fire","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6900,"EventTxt":"This was the first persecution that was raised against the Christians by the Roman emperors  Suetonius   Suetonius  Nero  c     an heathen man mentioned  vv The Christians were punished who were a kind of men of a new and pernicious superstition","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6901,"EventTxt":"Tertullian  a Christian stated   Tertullian  Apologetic  c      vv Search your records then you shall find that Nero was the first that used Caesar s sword against this sect which at that time greatly increased at Rome  However  we glory in such a dedicator of our condemnation for he that understands himself cannot but understand that nothing can be condemned by Nero but some great good","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4067,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4067b AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6902,"EventTxt":"Nero appointed Cestius Gallus as the governor of Syria and Gessius Floras of Judea  Floras was born in the city of Clazomenae and he married Cleopatra  a wicked woman  She was a friend of the Empress Poppea and got this appointment for him    Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6903,"EventTxt":"When Albinus heard that Floras was coming to succeed him  he was willing to gratify the citizens of Jerusalem  He called before him all the prisoners and those who were notoriously guilty of any capital crime  These he executed  He remanded those who were in prison for smaller offences  to prison again  He freed them when he was paid fines  After this manner the prisons were emptied  but Judea was filled with thieves   Josephus  Annals        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6904,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  the Levites whose office was to sing hymns in the temple  went to King Agrippa  By their entreaty  they persuaded him  that he would call a council and permit them the use of the linen robe which was then only granted to the priests  They said that this new custom would serve as a perpetual memorial of his reign  Therefore the king by the advice of his council  permitted to those who sang the hymns to set aside their former clothes and wear a linen garment as they desired  Also at their entreaty  he allowed another part of the same tribe that was allocated to the services of the temple  to learn to sing the sacred hymns   Josephus  Annals        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6905,"EventTxt":"The Philippians sent Epaphroditus with money to Rome to visit Paul in prison and to minister to him in his needs  He became Paul s helper and fellow soldier for the work of Christ  He did not consider his life and risked it for he fell seriously ill","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Php 2:25-30","BibBk1":"Php","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6906,"EventTxt":"Although Paul was old and in prison  he won Onesimus to Christ  He was a servant who fled from Colosse from his master Philemon   Phm         Col","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6907,"EventTxt":"Timothy who was kept as a prisoner with Paul  was set at liberty   Heb","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6908,"EventTxt":"Paul wrote the letter to the Philippians by Epaphroditus  after he had recovered his health  He hoped also that in a short time  he would send Timothy to them  As soon as he would know their state  he trusted also that he himself would come shortly to them   Php          At that time Paul s bonds for Christ were famous in all the court and even some of Caesar s palace staff were converted to the faith   Php            Since he was sent into prison by Caesar  he was more known in his family and so made the house of persecution the church of Christ   Jerome  Commentary to Philemon","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6909,"EventTxt":"Paul wrote a letter to Colosse to Philemon by his servant Onesimus  He reconciled and commended him to his master and indicated that he hoped he should be freed from prison and desired him to prepare a lodging place for him  Paul used Onesimus and Tychicus to deliver a letter to the Colossians whom he had never seen but were instructed in the doctrine of Christ by Epaphras   Col                    At that time besides Timothy  whose name is prefixed to both of these letters  there were with Paul at Rome of the circumcision  his companions in bonds  Aristarchus of Thessalonica  Ac      and Mark  Barnabas  sister s son  He instructed the Colossians to receive him  if he came to them  Also with him was Jesus who was called Justus as well as Luke  the beloved physician  Demas and Epaphras  Paul told of Epaphras  great affection for the Colossians   with whom Archippus supplied his ministry and now he was absent  Laodicea and Hierapolis        Phm","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Col 4:10-14","BibBk1":"Col","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6910,"EventTxt":"Paul also sent back the same Tychicus who was the companion in his travels from Asia   Ac      to them in Asia that from him the brethren might know his affairs  He carried with him Paul s letter to the Ephesians   Eph        Tertullian   Tertullian  against Marcion         c       and Epiphanius  Epiphanius  in Hares      confirmed what was said by Marcion the heretic that this letter went by the name of the epistle to the Laodiceans  Grotius thought this to be credible enough to be done by him from the credit of the church of Laodicea  He affirmed that there was no reason why he should tell a lie in this matter and gathered from this that the letter to the Ephesians and also to the Laodiceans was written with the same words  It is to be noted in some old books  as it appears from Basil  Basil  against Eunomius         and of Jerom s commentary on this place of the apostle  it was generally written  as it was the custom in the copies of letters that were to be sent to various places  To the Saints which are at           and to the faithful in Christ Jesus  This was as if it had been sent first to Ephesus as the metropolis of Asia and from there to be sent to the rest of the churches of that province   the name of each church would be inserted for the           Some of these churches had never seen Paul and his words especially bare this out  After I heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and love to all the saints   Eph","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6911,"EventTxt":"Again Paul stated  If you have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which is given to me for you   c","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Eph 3:2-4","BibBk1":"Eph","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6912,"EventTxt":"Perhaps Marcian s idea might rather agree to the Laodiceans  who had not seen the apostle Col     than to the Ephesians with whom he spent so much time","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","TextSrc1":"Ac 19:8-10","BibBk1":"Ac","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6913,"EventTxt":"About the same time  Paul wrote the letter to the Hebrews  Timothy was set at liberty but had gone from him somewhere for a time  He promised to see them with Timothy if he came shortly  In the meantime  he sent them greetings from the brethren from Italy   Heb","YearBCAD":64,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4777,"Dating":"4068a AM, 4777 JP, 64 AD"}
{"Index":6914,"EventTxt":"The building of the temple was now finished and the people saw that about     workmen would be idle who previously worked on the temple  They did not want the holy treasure to become a prey to the Romans and desired also to help the workmen  If they only worked one hour  they were immediately paid  They tied to persuade King Agrippa to repair the eastern porch  This porch hung over a deep and narrow valley and was supported by a wall   feet high  built from stones that were   feet square and   feet high  Claudius Caesar had committed the charge of the temple to King Agrippa  Agrippa thought that any large building might easily be pulled down but was hard to set up and especially this porch  It would cost much time and money to do  hence he denied their request  He allowed them to pave their city with white stone if they wanted to   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6915,"EventTxt":"After two years of being detained  Paul was released  He taught the gospel at Rome during this period   Ac      He seemed to have gone from there to Asia and to have lived with Philemon atColosse   Phm","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6916,"EventTxt":"In the feast day of unleavened bread  which happened on the  th of Xanthicus or April about the ninth hour of the night    am   a light shone for half an hour between the altar and the temple so that it was as bright as noon  At the same feast day  a cow that was led to sacrifice brought forth a lamb in the middle of the temple  The east gate of the temple was made of brass and extremely heavy  In the evening it could barely be closed by twenty men and was locked with bars of iron and had bolts that were let down deep into a threshold that was made all of one stone  About the sixth hour of the night  midnight   the gate opened of its own accord  When this was told to the magistrate by the keepers of the temple  as they went on their rounds  he went there and could barely shut it    Josephus  Wars        c     <      c        >","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6917,"EventTxt":"On the  st day of Artemisius or May  before sunset  there were seen in the air  iron chariots all over the country and armies in battle array passing along in the clouds and surrounding the cities   Lu      At the feast of Pentecost  the priests went into the inner temple by night according to their custom to do the divine service  At first they found the place to move and make a noise and later they heard a sudden voice  which said   Josephus  Wars        c     <      c        >  vv Let us depart hence","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6918,"EventTxt":"Paul preached the gospel in the isle of Crete where he left Titus so that Titus might set in order the things that were needful and ordain elders in every city there   Tit","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6919,"EventTxt":"King Agrippa took the priesthood from Jesus  the son of Gamaliel  and gave it to Matthias  the son of Theophilus  The Jewish war started when he was high priest   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6920,"EventTxt":"After Josephus had received gifts of money from the Empress Poppea  he returned to his own country  He found among them many signs of seditions and rebellions  whom he in vain endeavoured to dissuade from their unhappy enterprise   Josephus  Life  <   >","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6921,"EventTxt":"Gessius Floras so outrageously abused his authority that the Jews desired Albinus again and thought that Albinus was their benefactor  Although Albinus was privately as wicked and injurious as he could possibly be  Floras openly did his villainies and bragged publicly of the wrongs he did to the country  He left nothing undone to the height of iniquity in repines and punishments  He was inflexible to any mercy  insatiable in his gains  equally greedy of small and great things so much so that he became a partner with the thieves  Many became thieves and paid part of the booty to him  There was no means or end of their wrongs so that the miserable Jews were not able to endure the ravening insolence of the thieves and were constrained to abandon both their houses and religion and flee to foreign countries  They thought it better to live even among barbarians   Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6922,"EventTxt":"Poppea  who was Nero s wife and was great with child and sick  upbraided Nero as he returned late from driving his chariot  In his anger he killed her with a kick of his foot  This was after the end of his quinquennial games which were held for the second time and Nero won first prize  These games were instituted in   AD   Suetonius  Nero  c       Tacitus  Annals        c","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6923,"EventTxt":"Paul stayed sometime at Ephesus and left Timothy there while he went to Macedonia so that Timothy might administer that church in his absence    ITi            In Macedonia  he stayed with the Philippians as he had previously promised them   Php","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4068,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4068b AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6924,"EventTxt":"Paul wrote his first letter to Timothy in which he declared that he had delivered over to Satan  Hymaeneus and Alexander who made shipwreck of their faith  When they were chastised  they would learn not to blaspheme   ITi      Hymenaeus denied the resurrection to come as did Philetus and said that it was past already    Ti        Alexander was that coppersmith who greatly hindered Paul and so greatly withstood his preaching    Ti","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4069a AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6925,"EventTxt":"Paul also wrote another letter to Titus in Crete and desired that when he sent Artemus or Tychicus to him  he would come to Paul to Nicopolis   famous for the victory at Actium  where Paul planned to winter  Also Paul said that he should diligently bring Zenas  the lawyer  and Apollo on their journey so that they should lack nothing   Tit","YearBCAD":65,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4778,"Dating":"4069a AM, 4778 JP, 65 AD"}
{"Index":6926,"EventTxt":"After winter was over  Paul returned to Ephesus to Timothy and went to Troas and there left his cloak  Erastus stayed at Corinth where he was the city treasurer   Ro      Paul left Trophimus at Miletum sick    ITi      Ti","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6927,"EventTxt":"Cestius Gallus came from Antioch to Jerusalem to report to Nero the strength and state of the city  He despised that country and asked the high priests  if it were possible  that they would count the people  It was the day of the passover when they killed sacrifices from the ninth hour to the eleventh  There were     sacrifices made  Each lamb would be eaten by ten or twenty individuals  An estimated       people were present for the feast    Josephus  Wars        c      Latin Edition  or       c     Greek Edition  <      c        >","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6928,"EventTxt":"More than     Jews came to Gallus and begged him that he would take pity on the calamities of their country  They asked him to remove Floras who plagued their country  Although Floras was in the sight of the people and with Gallus  he was not moved and laughed at their cries against him  At that time Cestius appeased the rage of the people and promised that he would make Floras more gentle to them  He returned back again to Antioch  Floras brought him as far as Caesarea and deceived him with lies and planned to make a war on the country of the Jews  This was the best way he could think of to hide his villainies  As long as the peace continued  he would always have the Jews accusing him to Caesar  If he could make them revolt then his impieties would seem to be small compared to the Jews  revolt  To make that country revolt from the Roman Empire  every day he more earnestly increased their calamities   Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6929,"EventTxt":"Paul came to Rome the second time and was heard and acquitted by Nero  He mentioned this    Ti        vv In my first answer  no man stood with me  but all forsook me  I pray God it be not laid to their charge  Notwithstanding the Lord stood with me  and strengthened me  that by me the preaching might be fully known  and that all the Gentiles might hear  and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6930,"EventTxt":"So that as he did before for two years  so now again for an whole year  he preached the gospel to all countries that came from every place and flocked to Rome and made it their home country","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6931,"EventTxt":"Demas left Paul  loving this present world and went to Thessalonica  Crescens went into Galatia  Titus to Dalmatia  Only Luke remained with Paul at Rome    Ti","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6932,"EventTxt":"There was an old saying that was commonly talked of over all the east  There was a prophecy which said that there should come from Judea those who would be masters of all  It was later obvious by what happened that this was foretold of the Roman emperor  The Jews applied this prophesy to themselves and rebelled   Suetonius  Vespasian  c      The Jews patiently endured until Gessius Floras was made governor   Tacitus  Histories        c      Under him the war began  in the Artemisian month or our May in the twelfth year of Nero s empire  the  th of the reign of Agrippa and the second year of the government of Gessius Floras   Josephus  Wars        c       Josephus  Antiq         c  ult  <c        >  This war was fully described by Josephus in the later part of the second book and the five following books  A summary of this we have taken from the abridgement of the Jewish history of that most eminent man Ludovicus Capellus","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6933,"EventTxt":"Nero crossed into Greece and stayed there until winter    Dio             Xiphilin  ex Dio","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6934,"EventTxt":"In a long speech King Agrippa tried in vain to persuade the Jews from war  A little while after he left Jerusalem  some of the seditious men occupied the strong citadel of Masada by surprise and killed all the Romans they found there  At Jerusalem  Eleazar the son of Ananias the high priest  and commander of the soldiers of the temple  was a bold and factious young man  He persuaded the priests that they should not offer any sacrifices except for the Jews  None were to be offered for Caesar or the Romans  The city governors who were peaceful men  judged this rash act to be intolerable  They saw that it was an invitation to open rebellion  However  they could not make these seditious men change their minds  Thereupon they sent messengers to Caesarea to Floras and to King Agrippa and asked them to immediately send troops to quash the rebellion in its very beginnings  Floras wanted a revolt and did nothing  Agrippa sent   cavalry who together with the rulers and priests  and the rest of the multitude that loved peace  captured and held the upper city from the seditious men who held the temple and the lower city  There were continual skirmishes between them for the next seven days  On the feast day when they carried wood into the temple  many murderers were received into the temple  These with the rest  attacked the king s soldiers and forced them from the upper part of the city  They drove them into Herod s palace and burnt the place where the records were kept  the palace of the Asmonaeans  which was then Agrippa s court  and Ananias the high priest s house  The next day which was the  th of August  they captured the citadel of Antonia after a two day siege and killed all the Roman soldiers there  They burned the citadel  A little later  they attacked the king s palace   Manahemus the son of Judas Galilaeus was their captain  who after he had taken the citadel of Masada and plundered Herod s armoury  he brought his armed murderers into Jerusalem   After they took the palace and burned it  Manahemus seized the leadership of the revolt but immediately after he was killed in the temple as he was praying by Eleazar  the captain of the temple  Manahemus  men were driven out and returned to Masada under the leadership of Eleazar the son of Jairus who was related to Manahemus  The seditious men also of Jerusalem on the very sabbath day put to death the Romans  After the palace was won by assault  the Romans had retired into the citadel Hippico  Phasaelus  and Mariamme  They were besieged and surrendered and turned over their arms  They were promised safety but the Jews broke their oath and put them to death","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6935,"EventTxt":"The same day at Caesarea  Floras instigated the heathen to kill all the Jews who lived there      were killed  The Jews through the whole country were so vexed  They lived in all the villages of the Syrians and the neighbouring cities of Philadelphia  Gerasa  Ptolemais  Pella  Scythopolis  Gadara  Hippo  Gaulanitis  Sebaste  Askelon  Anthedon and Gaza  There was a general slaughter made by the Syrians of the Jews in all Syria  This was done partly from the old hatred against the Jews and their religion  partly for the love of plunder and desire of revenge  Only they of Antioch  Apamea and Sidon spared the Jews who lived among them  At Alexandria  the metropolis of Egypt      Jews were killed in one day in a sedition by two Roman legions that were sent to put down the sedition","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6936,"EventTxt":"Cestius Gallus  the governor of Syria  was very upset by these riotous actions  He left Antioch for Judea with the   legions  King Agrippa s soldiers and other forces  From Ptolemais he invaded Joppa and burned it  He sent Cesennius Gallus into Galilee which he pacified  After staying at Sephoris  he came to Caesarea","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6937,"EventTxt":"Peter and Paul are warned by revelation from the Lord of their approaching death    Pe      Ti","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6938,"EventTxt":"Peter wrote his second letter to the Hebrews who were dispersed through Pontus  Galatia  Cappadocia  Asia and Bithynia    Pe     IPe","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6939,"EventTxt":"Paul sent his second letter to Timothy at Ephesus by Tychicus where the family of Onesiphorus lived  This was after Aquila and Priscilla had left Rome and returned to Ephesus    Ti        In this letter he wanted Timothy to come to him before winter and bring with him  Mark who was very profitable for him to the ministry    Ti             Paul sent greetings from Eubulus Pudens  Linus and Claudia    Ti","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4069,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4069b AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6940,"EventTxt":"At the feast of tabernacles  after Cestius Gallus had burnt Lydda  he marched toward Jerusalem  The men of Jerusalem met him about seven or eight miles from there and fought a perilous battle near Bethhoron  When fresh troops came to Cestius  he forced them into Jerusalem  On October  th  he broke in and captured the lower part of the city   as also Bezetha  and Caenopolis   Then he attacked the temple and the upper city  He would have easily taken it if he had more valiantly continued the attack  Most of the people favoured the Romans and the seditious men only opposed them","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4070a AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6941,"EventTxt":"When Cestius had nearly captured the temple  for no good reason he raised the siege and retreated to Antipatris  On his march  many Romans and auxiliaries soldiers were killed  Many were also killed by the Jews who pursued them  The Romans abandoned most of their baggage  ammunition  engines  slings and other arms in their flight  The Jews made good use of this equipment in their own defence against the siege of Titus  This happened on November  th in the twelfth year of Nero   That is the twelfth year was over   The thirteenth year of Nero had begun on the thirteenth of the previous October","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4070a AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6942,"EventTxt":"The Jews were elated by this victory and returned to Jerusalem  They appointed Joseph the son of Gorion and the high priest as governors of the city  They sent many commanders into each province to govern  Among these  Josephus  the writer of this war of the Jews  was sent into Galilee  After he had fortified and walled many towns  he prepared all things to endure a war  He expected the invasion of the Romans","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4070a AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6943,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  there were many riots and many and frequent rebellions of the cities against Josephus  These were caused by the subtilty and fraud of John  the son of a certain Levite and by the envy of some of the governors of Jerusalem who wanted the government taken from him  Josephus thwarted all their machinations by his prudence and patience  He forced John to flee to Jerusalem with his forces from Giscala  a town of Galilee which he had fortified  At Jerusalem  Ananias  the governor of the city  made preparations for a real war  He repaired the walls and ensured that warlike instruments  arrows and arms  were made through the whole city  He endeavoured to reconcile those who were called the Zealots but in vain  He tried to catch Simon who was the son of Giora and a thief  He sent soldiers against him but Simon with his followers  fled to the thieves who held Masada  From there  they infested all the country of Judea and Idumea with their robberies","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4070a AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6944,"EventTxt":"Moreover Cestius sent messengers to Nero  who was then in Achaia  and told him of the troubled state of Judea  Nero was disturbed by this news and ordered Vespasian to go there  When Vespasian had received this command  he sent his son Titus to Alexandria to bring from there the fifth and tenth legions into Judea  Vespasian went by land from Achaia into Asia and from there he came into Syria and Antioch","YearBCAD":66,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4779,"Dating":"4070a AM, 4779 JP, 66 AD"}
{"Index":6945,"EventTxt":"Peter and Paul foretold at Rome  that it would shortly come to pass that God would send a king who would overcome the Jews and who would lay their city level with the ground  He would besiege them until they so pined with hunger and thirst that they would start eating one another  Finally  they would fall into their enemies  hands and would see their wives most grievously tormented in their sight and their virgins violated and prostituted  Their sons would be torn asunder and their little ones dashed to pieces  All things would be destroyed by fire and sword and they would for ever be banished from their own lands  All this would happen because they exalted themselves above the most loving and approved Son of God   Lactantius        c","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6946,"EventTxt":"At Antioch  Vespasian gathered together the Roman forces and the auxiliaries from the kings  From there he went to Ptolemais and recovered Sepphoris which favoured the Romans","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6947,"EventTxt":"Titus came to his father at Ptolemais sooner than could have been hoped for because it was winter  Their combined forces and the auxiliaries numbered     cavalry and foot soldiers besides their servants and the baggage","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6948,"EventTxt":"Vespasian invaded Galilee and burnt and wasted the city of the Gadarenes which he took at the first assault  From there  he went to Jotapata on the  st day of May and he fought against it","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6949,"EventTxt":"On the  th day of June  which was last day of that month that happened within the reign of Nero  Paul was beheaded at Rome as the records both of the eastern and western church confirm  Thereupon Chrysostom undoubtedly affirmed that the day of his death was more certainly known than that of Alexander the Great himself   Chrysostom    Corinthian Homily       Dionysius  the bishop of the Corinthians  affirmed in a letter to the Romans that Peter also suffered martyrdom at the same time with him    Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     <     >  Origin also stated  Origin  Commentaries upon Genesis  tome      that at Rome  Peter was crucified with his head downwards  as he had desired      Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History        c     <   >  The prediction of Christ was then fulfilled which he made to him   Joh        vv When thou art old  thou shalt stretch forth thine hands  and another shall gird thee  and carry thee whither thou wouldest not","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6950,"EventTxt":"After a forty day siege  Vespasian captured Jotapata by force and burned it  It was valiantly defended by Josephus who was the governor then on the first of June  in the  th year of Nero  Vespasian captured Josephus as he lay hidden in a cave and gave him his life but kept him prisoner","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6951,"EventTxt":"After Jotapata was destroyed  Vespasian retired with his army to Caesarea  He stationed two legions there to refresh themselves after the siege  He sent a third legion to Scythopolis to rest also  He went to Caesarea Philippi where he and his army were feasted by King Agrippa for twenty days  There he prepared for the siege of Tiberias and Tarichea  Tiberias immediately surrendered and by the intreaty of King Agrippa  the city was not rased  After Tarichea had endured a siege  it was taken by storm","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6952,"EventTxt":"After these cities were recovered or overthrown  almost all Galilee was inclined to the Romans  except Gamala in Gaulanitis  Giscala and the Mountain Itaburium","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4070,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4070b AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6953,"EventTxt":"After an whole month s siege  Gamala was taken on the  rd of October  and overthrown  A little later the Mountain Itaburium was taken by the Romans  Titus attacked Giscala which was kept by John with his party of the seditious men  John seemed to like the conditions of peace that were offered by Titus but in the night he with his party fled from the city to Jerusalem  Titus spared the city but placed a garrison there and then went to Caesarea  Vespasian left Caesarea for Iamnia and Azotus and conquered them both and returned again to Caesarea","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4071a AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6954,"EventTxt":"Meanwhile there was a great dissention throughout all Judea  Some wanted to continue the war while others wanted to remain under the protection of the Romans  Thereupon there were whole troops of thieves gathered together all over Judea  who plundered those who wanted peace  They were loaded with their plunder and were received into Jerusalem  There they filled all things with murders  dissensions  discords and repines  First they imprisoned Antipas  a great many noble men and the chief men of the city  Soon after they killed them without any trial and falsely accused them that they would have surrendered the city to the Romans  When the people would have risen up against them  they seized the temple and used it as a fortress against the people  They appointed by lots for an high priest Phannius   or Phanazus  who was a rude and unskilful man and not of the order of the priesthood","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4071a AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6955,"EventTxt":"Ananus  and the nobler priests stirred up and armed the people against those Zealots  as they called themselves  and attacked them in the very temple and forced them into the inner temple  The Zealots sent letters secretly to the captains of the Idumeans accusing Ananus of treachery  They complained that while they are fighting for liberty  they were besieged in the temple and asked the Idumeans to help them  They immediately came there with     men and were secretly let into the city and temple by night by the Zealots  They made a great slaughter  destruction and repines in Jerusalem  For there were     killed that night and in the following days they killed Ananus and others of the nobility to the number of     besides an uncountable number of the common people  A little later  the Idumeans began to regret this action when they saw the wickedness of the Zealots and saw no indication of treachery in the nobility whom the Zealots accused them of  They freed   which they held in prison and the Idumeans left Jerusalem and returned home  When they had left  the Zealots began to use more cruelty against the nobility than previously  They would not allow any dead noble man to be buried  They killed anyone they suspected who would flee to the Romans and did not bury the bodies  They guarded all the exits and diligently watched for defectors","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4071a AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6956,"EventTxt":"In the meantime there arose a dissention among the Zealots  John who fled from Gescala to Jerusalem  lead in their tyranny and others could not endure him to be their superior whom they before had accounted their equal  Thus while they disagreed among themselves  they were unanimous in robbing the common people and all Judea  They followed the example of Jerusalem which was very full of thieves and most miserably vexed","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4071a AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6957,"EventTxt":"The Jews destroyed each other with these discords  Vespasian was roused to action by the cries of those who fled to him and entreated him to preserve and free their country from this sedition  When Vespasian prepared for the siege of Jerusalem  he did not want anyone behind him to cause trouble while he was besieging Jerusalem  He went with his army to Gadara to quench those remnants of the war  This was the country on the other side of the Jordan River and he was summoned there by the moderate men of the city who wanted peace rather than war  He immediately took the city and the seditious men fled  He sent Placidus with his cavalry to pursue them and put them all to the sword  So he possessed all the country beyond the river even to the Dead Sea except for the citadel of Macherun  He put garrisons through the towns and arranged the winter quarters for his soldiers  He went back to Caesarea and there wintered","YearBCAD":67,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4780,"Dating":"4071a AM, 4780 JP, 67 AD"}
{"Index":6958,"EventTxt":"Vespasian received news of the rebellions in Gaul by Vindex  who had armed the Gauls against the Romans  This made him more earnest to finish the war against the Jews  Therefore in the beginning of the spring  he led his army from Caesarea and ran through all Judea and Idumea and wasting it  He brought back his army and led them though Samaria to Jericho  The inhabitants fled to the mountain country opposite Jerusalem but he pursued them and drove them from the hills  He attacked the citadels at Jericho and other places and surrounded the Jews on every side","YearBCAD":68,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4781,"Dating":"4071b AM, 4781 JP, 68 AD"}
{"Index":6959,"EventTxt":"Some promised themselves  after Nero was forsaken  the government of the east  some the kingdom of Jerusalem but most wanted the recovery of their previous fortune    Suetonius  Nero  c","YearBCAD":68,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4781,"Dating":"4071b AM, 4781 JP, 68 AD"}
{"Index":6960,"EventTxt":"Nero knew he was doomed when he heard that Galba and Spain had revolted from him    Suetonius  Nero  c       Finally he killed himself on the ninth day of June after he had reigned thirteen years and eight months","YearBCAD":68,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4071,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4781,"Dating":"4071b AM, 4781 JP, 68 AD"}
{"Index":6961,"EventTxt":"On the first of January in Germany  the images of Galba were thrown down and on the third day  Vitellius was greeted Emperor by the army  On the  th day of the same month  Galba was killed  seven months after the death of Nero   Tacitus  Histories        c","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6962,"EventTxt":"After Galba was killed  Otho was created emperor by the soldiers who did not know that Vitellius had assumed the empire  He was killed the  th day   Dio             of his reign and he was buried on the  th day   Suetonius","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6963,"EventTxt":"Tiberias Alexander  the governor of Egypt was the first that swore the legions to support Vespasian on the first of July  This day was his first day as emperor and later kept as a festival  Then the Jewish army on July  th    th ides  swore to him   Suetonius  Vespasian  c       Tacitus  Histories        c       There was only one year and   days between the death of Nero and the beginning of the reign of Vespasian    Dio","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6964,"EventTxt":"When Vespasian returned to Caesarea  he prepared to go with his whole army to besiege Jerusalem  When he received news of Nero s death  he deferred the war against the Jews and sent his son Titus to Galba who had succeeded Nero to know his pleasure concerning the Jewish war  Titus sailed to Achaia and there heard that Galba was killed  Thereupon he immediately returned to his father to Caesarea  They were both in suspense   and the empire seemed to be tottering  and deferred the wars of Judea  They were afraid lest some harm would come to their own country and they thought it not a convenient time to invade a foreign country","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6965,"EventTxt":"In the meantime Simon  who was the son of Giora   concerning whom we wrote earlier  and a bold and valiant young man  left Masada where he had fled  He went to the murderers into the mountain country of Judea and he promised liberty to servants and rewards to the freemen  In a short time he got a band of thieves and gradually increased his forces  He wasted not only villages but invaded cities  In a short time he conquered all Idumea and wasted Judea and finally came before Jerusalem and pitched his tents there  He was a terror to those of Jerusalem and also to the Zealots  Thus were the citizens of Jerusalem grievously oppressed on both sides  from within by the Zealots whom John commanded and from without by Simon  a most cruel man  In the meantime  the Idumeans who were of John s party and were among his forces had a falling out with him  They fought with him and killed many of the Zealots  They captured John s palace and burned it  He was forced with his followers to flee into the temple  The Idumeans also feared the citizens  lest by night John would make an excursion into the city and burn it  They took council and sent for Simon and admitted him into the city so that they might defend themselves against John  When Simon s forces came  they attacked the temple  but the Zealots fought valiantly","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6966,"EventTxt":"Vespasian left Caesarea and went to Berytus and Antioch  From there he sent Mutianus with troops into Italy but he went to Alexandria","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4072,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4072b AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6967,"EventTxt":"In Moesia  Antonius Primus who followed Vespasian s party  led the third legion into Italy against the side of Vitellius  He fought a battle at Cremona against Vitellius  forces and routed them  He then went to Rome and was joined with Mutianus in the middle of the city  He defeated Vitellius  army and dragged Vitellius himself through the forum and there cut his throat  Mutianus made Domitian  the son of Vespasian  prince of the empire while his father came from Syria","YearBCAD":69,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4782,"Dating":"4073a AM, 4782 JP, 69 AD"}
{"Index":6968,"EventTxt":"When Vespasian heard these things at Alexandria  he sent his son Titus with forces into Judea to finish the rest of the war of Judea while he sailed to Italy","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6969,"EventTxt":"While Titus stayed at Alexandria  the city of Jerusalem was divided into three factions  Simon whom the citizens of Jerusalem had sent against John and admitted into the city  held the higher city and some part of the tower  John with his Zealots had occupied the temple and the other part of the lower city  The last faction was divided again into two  Eleazar who was the first commander and captain of the Zealots  was displeased that John by his boldness and subtilty ran things all by himself  Therefore he left him and took some followers with him and occupied the inner part of the temple  From there  he fought against John  Eleazar had fewer men than John but his position was more easily defended  John held the outer parts of the temple and the porches  There was a battle on two sides  one against Eleazar and the other against Simon and so some fought against others  They burnt many things around the temple and ruined the grain and many provisions which might have lasted them a long time  When these things were spoiled and consumed  they had a severe famine later when they were besieged by the Romans","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6970,"EventTxt":"Titus came from Alexandria to Caesarea and gathered his forces together  He marched to Jerusalem with four legions and the auxiliaries of the neighbouring kings and pitched his camp about a mile or so from the city a little before the feast of unleavened bread  By that means he shut up within the city an enormous multitude of people  about   million  who according to the custom  had gone up to the feast  In a short time a most cruel famine oppressed the city  All food and nourishment was quickly consumed  A most horrid and memorable example of this happened at that time  A mother had devoured her own child  On the feast day of unleavened bread  about the  th of April  Eleazar  who had seized upon the inner temple  had opened the gate of the temple so that the people might sacrifice  John used this opportunity and sent secretly many on his side who were armed with swords hidden under their garments  When they were admitted into the temple with the rest of the multitude  they attacked Eleazar and seized the inner temple and slaughtered many Zealots  Hence the faction that was threefold  was now made twofold  John had   men on his side and Simon had about     men in addition to   Idumeans","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6971,"EventTxt":"Titus came near the walls and pitched his camp near the tower Psephina and immediately raised a mount  He battered the wall with a ram and beat it down by force  On May  th  he broke into the city after the first wall was beaten down  The Jews retired to the inner city and Titus occupied the north quarter of the city up to the citadel of Antonia and the valley of Kidron  Five days later  a certain tower of the second wall was battered and broken down with the ram from the north quarter and he went into the new lower city  He was driven back again by the Jews but four days later he retook it  He prepared for the assault on the third wall  On May  th  he ordered four mounts to be raised  two at the citadel of Antonia  by which he hoped to gain the temple  and two at John the high priest s tomb  by which he hoped to gain the upper city  John fought the Romans at Antonia and Simon at John s tomb  Those mounts were completed in   days on the  th of May and the Romans began to batter the wall  John by a mine from Antonia cast down one mount and burnt it  Two days later  Simon made a sally and burned the two mounts opposite to him along with the rams and other engines  The Jews attacked the Romans in their camp  When Titus came from Antonia  they were again forced into the city","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6972,"EventTxt":"The previous mounts were destroyed and burnt and Titus thought best to raise new ones from which he might assault the city  He also surrounded the city with a wall so that none could flee from it nor anything could be brought into it  Thereupon in three days time  he built a wall aruond the city about   miles long  Around the wall  he built   citadels and each citadel controlled two and an half miles  Thereupon famine so prevailed in the city and so cruelly raged that not only the common people died of it but the seditious men were severely oppressed by it  So many perished by famine and pestilence that from the  th of April   on which day the siege began  to the first of July that through only one gate  as Mannaeus who had fled gave this account  there were carried out       carcases of the poor people that were buried at the common expense  This did not include those who were buried by their relatives and friends  A little later it was known from those who fled  that there were     that were carried out of the gates for burial  Later  there were not enough people to bury the poor  so they cast them in great heaps into empty houses and shut the doors on them  The manner of burial of them was none other than simply throwing them over the walls and filling up the ditches with them","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6973,"EventTxt":"In the meantime  inside the city  Simon had not refrained from murders and repines  He killed Matthias the high priest whom he accused of treachery as though he would have fled to the Romans   It was ironic that it was Matthias who let Simon into the city   Simon also killed three of his sons and fifteen of the noblest of the people  all of them uncondemned  Moreover he raged with such cruelty  that Judas  one of his captains  so detested his cruelty  that he planned to turn the part of the city he controlled over to the Romans  Simon prevented him and killed him along with the ten men who were in on the plot  John was compelled by necessity to use the sacred things of the temple for his own use  He used the vessels of gold and silver and the money of the temple  He was compelled to distribute to his soldiers the very oil and wine which was dedicated for divine service","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6974,"EventTxt":"Titus also fetched materials from every place and cut down woods and all trees even as far as eleven miles away  With great labour in   days  he raised new mounts  He made four around Antonia  one on every side of the citadel  When John had cowardly and in vain attempted to overthrow these  they were repulsed by the Romans  On July  st  the Romans began to batter the wall of Antonia  On July  th  they made a breach and broke into Antonia and pursued the fleeing Jews even into the temple  After a long skirmish the Romans were held off for some time  On July  th  the daily sacrifice termed by the Greeks endelecismds  was not offered for lack of men  On that same day  Titus asked Josephus to urge the seditious men to surrender but in vain  Seven days later  Titus brought his mounts nearer  He was now bringing the materials from a distance of twelve to thirteen miles away for the mounts  He overturned the foundations of Antonia and made an easy ascent to the temple  He broke in by Antonia and seized on the north and west porches of the outer temple court  The part of the porches  especially those which joined to Antonia  were burnt and destroyed by the Jews  Two days later  on July  th  the other part was burnt by the Romans  The Jews did not put out the fire but let it burn so that the porch might be clearly separated from Antonia","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6975,"EventTxt":"On the  th day the Jews again burnt the western porch to the bridge that lead to the gallery and many Romans were burned to death   The Jews fled there to draw the Romans into the trap        The next day the Romans burnt all the northern porch even to the eastern porch","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6976,"EventTxt":"By August  th  Titus was getting nowhere by battering with the ram the wall of the inner temple nor by undermining the foundations of the gates because of their huge size and the strong cementing of the stones together  Neither could the Romans get up into the porches with ladders for the Jews drove them back from above  From the reverence of the place Titus had not burned it but was compelled by necessity to do so  He ordered the gates of the inner temple to be set on fire  The fire caught onto the adjoining porches and everything was in flames  The Jews beheld and wondered at it but did not try to stop and quench the fire for very amazement  Hence the porches burnt all that day and the following night  Titus and his captains had determined to keep the temple from burning but he was unable to do this  On August  th  when the Romans who kept the guard in the outer range of the temple were provoked by the Jews  they made a charge on them who quenched the fire on the inner range and had driven them into the very temple  A Roman soldier took a flaming fire brand and got up on his fellow s shoulders and threw the brand through the golden window into the houses and chambers which were built on the north side of the temple  They immediately caught fire and burnt the temple also which joined to them  Titus in vain ordered his soldiers to quench the fire  This happened in the second year of Vespasian  in the same month and the very same day of the month that the first temple was burned by Nebuchadnezzar","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6977,"EventTxt":"After the temple was pillaged and burnt  the ensigns were set up on the eastern gate of the temple  After making sacrifices  Titus was proclaimed emperor by the army  Titus from the bridge by which the temple is joined to the city upon a gallery  exhorted through an interpreter  the seditious men to surrender  These had fled into the upper city  Although he offered them their lives  they refused his offer  They asked that they might have permission to leave the city with their wives and children and to go into the wilderness  Titus scorned this and threatened them with utter destruction  He ordered all the lower city to be set on fire including the Palace Acra which he had captured  He began to assault the upper city which was located on a steep rock  On August  th  he began to raise his mounts and completed them on September  th  He brought his engines to the walls  After he made a breach  the tyrants fled with their guards for fear and amazement  On September  th  the Romans broke into and destroyed all with fire and the sword","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6978,"EventTxt":"Jerusalem was destroyed on a Saturday     Dio              This was the day the Jews most religiously observe and September  th fell on a Saturday that year  The city was taken and destroyed  Titus commanded all the city and temple to be rased to the foundation and made flat and also to be ploughed according to the custom  He spared the west part of the wall only and the three towers  Hippicon  Phasaelus  and Mariamme  He left those which for their great beauty and strength  would be a monument to posterity to the magnificence of that city","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6979,"EventTxt":"When Titus had thus taken the city and had filled all the places with dead bodies  the neighbouring countries wanted to crown him  He replied that he was unworthy of that honour for it was not he that was the author of this work but that he had given his hands to God  who had showed his anger against the Jews   Philostratus  Life of Apollonius        c      However  there are coins of Titus which are marked with a trophy and a triumphal chariot  There are coins of Vespasian with the image of a woman sitting sorrowful under a palm tree and with the inscription   JUDEA CAPTA S C   as also money was coined about the end of the  st year of King Agrippa with an inscription in Greek   but translated into English  Vespasian Emperor and Caesar  Judea was taken in the year   of Agrippa","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4073,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4073b AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6980,"EventTxt":"When Titus had finished the war  he rewarded the soldiers and committed the custody of Jerusalem to the tenth legion  He banished the twelfth legion which had fought poorly under Cestius  from Syria and sent them to Euphrates into the region of Armenia and Cappadocia  He took the fifth and fifteenth legion to Caesarea on the sea coast  where he gathered together all the prey and spoils and the captives  Since winter was coming  it was too dangerous to sail to Italy","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4074a AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6981,"EventTxt":"The two tyrants  John and Simon  were captured as they hid in the vaults of Jerusalem  John was condemned to perpetual imprisonment and Simon was reserved for the triumph  In the same vaults    men were found who either perished from hunger or killed each other rather than surrender to the Romans","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4074a AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6982,"EventTxt":"Titus stayed at Caesarea where he celebrated the birthday of his brother Domitian  which was on December  th  In the celebration  more than   Jews perished by fighting with wild beasts  burned with fire or were killed in fighting each other","YearBCAD":70,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4783,"Dating":"4074a AM, 4783 JP, 70 AD"}
{"Index":6983,"EventTxt":"Later  Titus came to Berytus in Phoenicia  where he stayed longer and celebrated the birthday of his father with great magnificence   This was not the birthday of his empire which was celebrated on the first of July according to Suetonius and Tacitus   A multitude of captives also died in a similar manner as before","YearBCAD":71,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4784,"Dating":"4074b AM, 4784 JP, 71 AD"}
{"Index":6984,"EventTxt":"Titus went to see Antioch and the other cities of Syria  He then travelled through Judea and Jerusalem  with the fifth and fifteenth legion to Alexandria in Egypt  He sailed from there to Rome where he was welcomed home by all men  He and his father held a triumph for the conquest of Judea","YearBCAD":71,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4784,"Dating":"4074b AM, 4784 JP, 71 AD"}
{"Index":6985,"EventTxt":"The two captains of the sedition  John and Simon  were led in that triumph along with   other Jews who excelled in strength and beauty  Only Simon was killed   also called  Barpores     Dio                 The book of the law of the Jews was carried in this triumph as the last of the spoils  It along with the purple vails of the sanctuary were stored in the palace","YearBCAD":71,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4784,"Dating":"4074b AM, 4784 JP, 71 AD"}
{"Index":6986,"EventTxt":"From this victory  both father and son got the name of emperor  However  neither of them was called Judaicus although many other things and especially triumphal arches were decreed for them    Dio             Xiphiline ex Dio   There remains still at the foot of the hill Palatine  a marble triumphal arch erected to the honour of Titus  From it there is a copy written by Villalpandus of the instruments of the temple which were carried in the triumph   Villalpandus  Tom     explanat  on Ezekiel        c     p","YearBCAD":71,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4074,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4784,"Dating":"4074b AM, 4784 JP, 71 AD"}
{"Index":6987,"EventTxt":"Lucilius Bassus was sent as lieutenant into Judea who received the army from Cenalis Vitellianus  The citadel Herodian with its garrison surrendered to him  A little later  he captured the strong citadel of Machaeron beyond Jordan by assault","YearBCAD":71,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4075,"Season":"Autumn","JulPer":4784,"Dating":"4075a AM, 4784 JP, 71 AD"}
{"Index":1,"EventTxt":"b vv It happened even in our time  that there was an eclipse of the sun and moon within   days of each other  others say   days  when the Vespasians were emperors  the father for the third time  perhaps the fourth  and the son the second time were consuls     AD    Pliny        c","YearBCAD":72,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4075,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4785,"Dating":"4075b AM, 4785 JP, 72 AD"}
{"Index":6988,"EventTxt":"Some think this was foretold by our Saviour   Mt","YearBCAD":72,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4075,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4785,"Dating":"4075b AM, 4785 JP, 72 AD"}
{"Index":6989,"EventTxt":"Caesar wrote to Tiberius Maximus  the governor of Judea  that he should sell all the land of the Jews  He imposed a tribute on all the Jews wherever they lived and ordered them to bring in every year to the capital two drachmas which they formerly paid to the temple of Jerusalem","YearBCAD":72,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4075,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4785,"Dating":"4075b AM, 4785 JP, 72 AD"}
{"Index":6990,"EventTxt":"In the fourth year of Vespasian  Cesennius Paetus  the governor of Syria  drove Antiochus  the king of Commagene from his kingdom  He fled into Cilicia and his son to the Parthians  Later both of them were reconciled to Vespasian and he was restored to his kingdom   Josephus  Wars  <      c          >","YearBCAD":72,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4075,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4785,"Dating":"4075b AM, 4785 JP, 72 AD"}
{"Index":6991,"EventTxt":"The Abans invaded Media and laid it waste all over  King Pacorus fled before them  They later went into Armenia  Tiridates  the king opposed them himself and was almost captured in the very battle   Josephus  Wars  <      c          >","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Winter","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076b AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6992,"EventTxt":"Among the Jews  after Bassus had died  Publius Silva replaced him in the government of Judea  On April  th  he captured by force that impregnable citadel of Masada that was held by Eleazar  the nephew of Judas Balitaeus  the captain of the thieves  Eleazar persuaded all the thieves who were in the castle to the number of   with their wives and children to kill each other  First they burnt the citadel with all the household belongings lest they should fall into Roman hands  Hence the last remains of the Jewish wars were eliminated and all Judea was quiet","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6993,"EventTxt":"Many of the thieves who escaped from Judea  fled into Egypt to Alexandria  They try to solicit the Jews to revolt  However  the common people were persuaded by their rulers and attacked those thieves  They captured   of them whom they turned over to the Romans to be punished  The rest who escaped into Egypt and Thebes were also captured  Concerning this matter Caesar ordered Lupus  the governor of Alexandria to pull down the temple of the Jews   That temple was built a long while ago in Egypt  by Onias the brother of the high priest   However  Lupus did no more than take away some furniture from the temple and so shut it up  Paulinus  his successor in the government  took away all the furniture and shut up the doors  He ordered that no one should come there so that there was not so much as any trace of religion left there","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6994,"EventTxt":"Jonathan  a certain Jewish weaver  escaped to Cyrene  where he raised a tumult and drew   Jews into the wilderness  Catullus  or Catulus  the governor of Libia Pentapolis  sent his cavalry and foot soldiers and easily defeated them  When Jonathan was brought before him  he falsely accused the most wealthy of the Jews to be the main instigators of this revolt  Catullus willingly listened to these accusations and immediately executed   of them  He did this without fear of retribution because he confiscated their estates to Caesar s treasury first  Jonathan was sent prisoner by him with the other captives to Rome to Vespasian so that he might accuse the most honest of those who lived at Rome and Alexandria of sedition  He affirmed among many other things that Josephus  the writer of the Jewish history  sent him both arms  and money  Vespasian knew that this accusation was not lawfully brought against these men and he  at Titus  intreaty  acquitted them but deservedly punished Jonathan  First he scourged him and then he was burnt alive  Catullus also through the mercy of the emperor was not punished  However  not long after  he was taken with a complicated and incurable disease and he was tortured and tormented in his mind  He thought that he saw the ghosts of those whom he had killed always before him  At last his guts and bowels rotted and poured out of him and he died   Josephus  Wars        c  ult  <c          >   Josephus  Life  <     >","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6995,"EventTxt":"Here Joseph ended the history of the destruction of Judea  He was captured in this war and made a freedman by Flarius Vespasian the Emperor and assumed the name of Flarius from his patron","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6996,"EventTxt":"Cornelius and Suetonius relate that there were     Jews killed in this war  Josephus a Jew  was a commander in that war and who deserved thanks and pardon from Vespasian for foretelling him that he should be emperor  He wrote that       perished by sword and famine  and of the rest of the Jews that were dispersed all over the world and put to death various ways to the number of      Orosius  Orosius        c       also stated the same  I cannot find the number of     of those who were killed in Suetonius  writings  In Josephus  Josephus  Wars        c     <c        >  the number of captives was     and the other number of       is only of those who perished in the six month siege of Jerusalem  Justius Lipsius made this catalogue from Josephus   Lipsius  de  Constantia         c      of those who perished outside of Jerusalem during the whole seven years","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6997,"EventTxt":"At Jerusalem  first killed by the command of Floras       By the inhabitants of Caesarea in hatred to them and their religion At Scythopolis  a city of Syria      At Askelon in Palestine by the inhabitants Likewise at Ptolemais     At Alexandria in Egypt under Tib  Alexander the President At Gamala as well killed as those who threw themselves down In the citadel of Masada  that slew themselves                 At Damascus     At the taking of Joppa by Cesius Floras At a certain mountain called Cabulo In a fight at Askelon     By an ambush     At Aphaca when it was taken     Slain at mount Gerizim        At Jotapae  where Josephus was     At Joppa when it was taken were drowned Slain at Tarichaea              The only survivors in the whole city were two women who were sisters   When they forsook Giskala  killed in the flight Slain of the Gadarenes  besides an infinite number that leaped     into the river Slain in the villages of Idumea     At Gerizim     AtMacheron     In the wood of Jardes       In Cyrene by Catulus the Governor     Which number of the dead  being added to those who died  v   at the siege of Jerusalem Total","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6998,"EventTxt":"An innumerable company were omitted who perished through famine  banishment and other miseries   At the passover feast a few years earlier Josephus estimates there were about three million people in Jerusalem  See note on  b AM    There were likely this many there for the passover when Titus started the seige  Most were unaccounted for  This would make the offical death toll low by at least two million  Editor","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":6999,"EventTxt":"Justus Tiberiensis in his chronicle of the Kings of the Jews showed that Agrippa the last king of the family of Herod  had his kingdom augmented by Vespasian   Photius  Bibliotheca  cod      Dio related that he had praetorian honours given him  His sister Bernice who came to Rome with him lived in the palace  Titus was so in love with her that he made her believe he would marry her and she carried on all things as if she had been his wife  However  when Titus knew that the people of Rome did not take it well  he put her away    Seutonius  Titus  c        Dio             Xiphiline ex Dio   The observation of Josephus is very memorable  Josephus  Antiq         c     <c        >  about the rest of Herod s progeny that they all failed within one hundred years although they were very numerous","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}
{"Index":7000,"EventTxt":"This was the end of the Jewish affairs and happened as predicted by Jesus in Mt     See John Bray s book  Matthew   Fulfilled  for a most detailed discussion of these events  Editor   vv And as he sat upon the mount of Olives  the disciples came unto him privately  saying  Tell us  when shall these things be  and what shall be the sign of thy coming  and of the end of the world      Verily I say unto you  THIS GENERATION shall not pass  till all these things be fulfilled   Mt        FINIS","YearBCAD":73,"Epoch":"7th Age","AnnoMund":4076,"Season":"Spring","JulPer":4786,"Dating":"4076c AM, 4786 JP, 73 AD"}